pp/y  Clean Water State  Revolving Fund
                         Green Project  Reserve
                                     Clean Water
        Case Study: Albany-Millersburg Talking Water Gardens

        A Value-Focused Approach to Improving  Water Quality

   In 2006, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) adopted  new total maximum daily
   loads (TMDL) for temperature, bacteria, and mercury in the Willamette River. As part of an effort to
   meet the new TMDLs, the cities of Albany and Millersburg worked together to design and fund a project
   that addresses wastewater treatment from a natural hydrological perspective. The Talking Water
   Gardens project involved creating 37 acres of constructed wetlands (see picture below) and was partially
   funded through  $8 million received through the Oregon Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF),
   with $5 million in principal forgiveness as authorized in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
   (ARRA)1. This project demonstrates the value of cooperative planning, as well as the long-term
   environmental benefits of taking a "value-focused" approach to meeting water quality challenges.

   An Innovative Solution to Wastewater Treatment
   The Talking Water Gardens project was designed to help Albany and Millersburg meet the newly
   established temperature TMDL limits for the Willamette River. The objective of the TMDL is to enhance
   the fish passage through that area, protecting a threatened salmonid species. The Talking Water
                                                 Gardens will serve as the final treatment step
                                                 for wastewater effluent before it is discharged
                                                 to the river. Treated wastewater from the
                                                 Albany-Millersburg Water Reclamation Facility
                                                 (WRF) and from an ATI Wah Chang facility, a
                                                 local manufacturer of specialty metals, is piped
                                                 to the Talking Water Gardens wetlands park.
                                                 Here, the effluent is further treated through
                                                 natural hydrological processes in the wetlands,
                                                 thereby discharging cooler and cleaner water to
                                                 the river. The 37  acres of constructed wetlands
                                                 serve as an environmentally beneficial
                                                 alternative to more traditional wastewater
                                                 treatment methods; the project developers
                                                 estimate that the wetlands treatment
                                                 alternative will provide approximately 2.5 times
                                                 more value in ecological services than a
                ,,...,,....   ,   ,               conventional treatment alternative.
     Constructed wetlands at Talking Water Gardens

   There are three  major components to the water treatment processes at the Talking Water Gardens
   project: wetland cells, waterfalls and weirs, and plantings of wetlands vegetation. The movement of
   water through these components will cool the water while removing nutrients through microbial
   conversion, volatilization, adsorption, and deposition. Wetland cells one to five feet deep will provide
   habitat and a location for emergent vegetation. The nine waterfalls and weirs will aerate and mix water,
   1 The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality did not count the Albany-Millersburg Talking Water Gardens
   project towards the 20% ARRA GPR requirement; however the project is an eligible GPR project.
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CWSRF Green  Project  Reserve

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cooling it and encouraging the growth of plants and organisms that prevent erosion and consume excess
nutrients. These waterfalls are also the namesake of the park. Plantings of wetlands vegetation
throughout the site will help to prevent erosion, increase the aesthetic value and biodiversity of the
habitat, and provide shade to reduce water temperature in the wetland cells. The wetland plants are
expected to reach maturity by 2013. Trails and signage are planned to be added to encourage the use of
the Talking Water Gardens as an outdoor recreation destination.

The implementation of a wetland treatment system was determined to maximize the environmental
benefits for this area. A Net Environmental Benefits Analysis calculated that the environmental value of
this project was 2.5 times that of a conventional treatment option for meeting the TMDL, based on
attributes such as habitat disturbance, groundwater recharge and habitat diversity. In addition, the
wetland treatment system is expected to remove thousands of additional pounds of  nutrients annually
that would  otherwise have been discharged to the river. For example, sixty percent more biochemical
oxygen demand (also referred to as dissolved oxygen) will be removed than is required under the most
restrictive regulatory limit, lead will be removed to 81 percent below the regulatory limit, and nickel will
be removed to 94 percent below the regulatory limit. Other pollutants that will be removed beyond the
most restrictive regulatory limits include chromium, zinc, mercury, and oil and grease.

Another benefit of the Gardens is that it will create a variety of habitats for wetland or aquatic species,
increasing biodiversity and providing nesting sites for native and migratory bird species. The site is also
designed to educate and inform residents about the project, the river and the water  cycle. In this way
the unique  design of this project is expected to have numerous long-term environmental and social
benefits.

The Decision Process: A Value-Focused Approach
The decision to meet TMDL limits through a collaborative and nontraditional project  was made by taking
a "value-focused" approach to the challenges faced by the Cities of Albany and  Millersburg. Rather than
focusing on technology costs, the analysis began with looking at the challenges and desired outcomes
for each of the municipalities.  Following this, the desired outcomes of other stakeholders were
considered, including local industry, with the goal of maximizing the economic, social and environmental
benefits for the area.

Several projects were considered to meet the goal of cooling the treated effluent, including treatment
plant upgrades, storage and cooling towers, refrigeration, land application and  new outfall diffusers.
Additionally, both individual and integrated treatment wetlands were considered as possibilities. The
wetland treatment options underwent three tests to determine their effectiveness and sustainability.
The tests examined the impact on thermal reduction, the treatment of other contaminants, and net
environmental benefits compared to traditional treatment systems. Long-term  management
requirements also had to be considered, such as vegetation management and the need to maintain a
relatively balanced flow. Overall, an integrated wetland was determined to be the most effective,
sustainable long-term solution to the new regulatory challenges.

The Value of Cooperative Project Planning
A key component of the success of the Talking Water Gardens project was the coordination between the
two municipalities and with the private  sector. Because Albany and Millersburg share the Albany-
Millersburg WRF, they had to work together to determine how best to comply with the TMDL. The two
cities have separate priorities and challenges but had to find a mutually satisfactory and beneficial
approach.

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The public/private partnership between the Albany-Millersburg WRF and the ATI Wah Chang facility
further demonstrates the collaborative approach used in the development of this project. The interests
of all these stakeholders were brought into consideration as the project was developed. For instance, it
was discovered that synergies could be created by combining the discharges from both facilities into  a
single source, which feeds the wetlands. Although many options were considered for projects that
would improve the quality of this discharge, the advantages of a public/private partnership to meet
DEQ's TMDL for the Willamette River were immediately apparent. By combining resources, it would be
possible to maximize the social and sustainability benefits of the project, as well as the value to the local
economy. The total cost of this phase of the project is $13.75 million. The project received $8 million in
ARRA CWSRF funding while ATI Wah Chang contributed  $3.25 million, and the cities each contributed
another $2.5 million. A second phase costing approximately $5 million will be put towards developing
visitor facilities.

For more information contact the Oregon Clean Water State Revolving Fund Program
http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/loans/loans.htm
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