How does a septic
system work?
This is a simplified overview of
how a septic system works.
All water runs out of your house from one
main drainage pipe into a septic tank.
The septic tank is a buried, water-tight container
usually made of concrete, fiberglass or polyethylene.
Its job is to hold the wastewater long enough to
allow solids to settle down to the bottom (forming
sludge), while the oil and grease floats to the top (as
scum). Compartments and a T-shaped outlet prevent
the sludge and scum from leaving the tank and
traveling into the drainfield area.
The liquid wastewater then exits the tank into the
drainfield. If the drainfield is overloaded with too
much liquid, it will flood, causing sewage to flow to the
ground surface or create backups in toilets and sinks.
Finally, the wastewater percolates into the
soil, naturally removing harmful bacteria,
viruses, and nutrients.
SepticSmart Helps
Protect Your Home
and Family
If you have a septic system, it's
extremely important to keep up with
its proper care and maintenance.
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's SepticSmart initiative
helps ensure that we all know how
to do our part to safeguard our
community's health and protect the
environment. It can also protect your
family and keep you from spending
thousands of dollars repairing or
replacing a damaged system.
Do your Part-
Be SepticSmart!
septicsmart
septicsmart
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Why is it important
to properly maintain
my septic tank?
It saves you money.
Malfunctioning systems can cost $3,000-$7,000
to repair or replace compared to maintenance costs
of about $250-$500 every three to five years.
It protects the value of your home.
Malfunctioning septic systems can drastically
reduce property values, hamper the sale of your
home, and even pose a legal liability.
It keeps your water clean and safe.
A properly maintained system helps keep
your family's drinking water pure, and
reduces the risk of contaminating
community, local, and regional waters.
It keeps the environment clean.
Malfunctioning septic systems can
harm the local ecosystem by killing
native plants, fish, and shellfish.
Do I have a septic system?
If so, how can I find it?
Here are a few tips to determine
if you have a septic system and
how to locate it.
fou most likely have a system if:
• You are on well water.
• The water line coming into your house
does not have a meter.
• Your neighbors have a septic system.
You can find your septic system by:
• Looking on the "as built" drawing for
your home.
• Checking in your yard for lids or
manhole covers.
• Using an inspector/pumper, who can
also help you find exactly where the
system is located.
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What can I do to help
maintain my system?
'rotect it and Inspect
Atypical septic system should be inspected at least
every three years by a licensed contractor and your tank
pumped as recommended by the inspector (generally
every three to five years).
Think at the Sink.
• Your septic system contains a living collection of
organisms that digest and treat waste. Pouring
toxins down your drain can kill these organisms
and harm your septic system.
• Oil-based paints, solvents, and large volumes of
toxic cleaners should not enter your septic system.
Even latex paint cleanup waste should be minimized.
• Eliminating the use of a garbage disposal can
reduce the amount of fats, grease, and solids
entering the septic tank and ultimately clogging
the drainfield. Increased disposal use results in
more frequent pumping.
Don't Overload the Commode.
A variety of household products can clog and potentially
damage septic system components.
Do not flush:
• Feminine hygiene products
• Condoms
• Diapers
• Cigarette butts
• Coffee grounds
• Cat litter
For a complete list, visit www.epa.gov/septicsmart.
Don't Strain your Drain.
It's simple. The less water you use, the less water that
enters the septic tank, which decreases its workload.
Here are a few easy ways to save water:
• Run dishwasher and washing machine only when full.
• Repair leaky toilets and pipes.
• Use high-efficiency toilets and faucets.
For more information on how you can save water, visit
EPA's WaterSense program, www.epa.gov/watersense.
Shield your Field.
It's equally important to protect your drainfield.
• Do not park or drive on your drainfield.
• Plant trees the appropriate distance from the
drainfield to keep roots from growing into the system.
• Keep roof drains, sump pumps and other rainwater
drainage systems away from the area. Excess water
slows down or stops the treatment process.
How do I know if my
septic system is not
working properly?
Mind the Signs!
Here are a few signs of septic system malfunction.
If you discover any of these warning signs, call a
licensed septic tank contractor immediately. One call
could save you thousands of dollars.
• Wastewater backing up into household drains.
• A strong odor around the septic tank
and drainfield.
• Bright green, spongy grass appearing on
the drainfield, even during dry weather.
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