EPA 520/1-89-029
USER'S GUIDE FOR THE COMPLY-R CODE
(Revision 1)
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGEKCY
Office of Radiation Programs
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
October 1989
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"UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
OPRCE OF
AIR AND RADIATION
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: COMPLY-R Computer Program for Determining Compliance
with 40 CFR 61, Subpart B
FROM: Albert Colli, Environmental Engineer oM^Cv&U
Environmental Standards Branch
TO: Milton W. Laumering
Radiation Program Manager, Region 8
Enclosed is an updated version (1.2) of COMPLY-R and its
user's guide to be used to determine compliance with 40 CFR Part
61, Subpart B. We have included a sufficient number of copies to
distribute to owners or operators of underground uranium mines in
your region to replace version 1.0 of COMPLY-R. The first
version does not completely account for the in-growt:h of
daughters from the point of release to the receptor. This has
been revised in version 1.2.
In addition, the instructions for entering a stack distance
file are unclear in the first version. We have modified version
1.2 of COMPLY-R and its user's guide to make the program and
instructions as clear as possible.
Several changes have been made to the User's Guide for
COMPLY-R. On page 3-6, line 11 of paragraph 3, the words "TO"
and "FROM" have been reversed and the sample problem has changed
slightly. Also, we have added "exit" before "diameter11 on page
3-5, paragraph 2, line 1, because of comments pointing out that
the vent diameter should be more properly taken at the exit of
the vent. We have also updated the names and of some
of the regional program managers.
We have enclosed sufficient numbers of COMPLY-R and its
user's guide for you to distribute to owners or operators of
underground uraniura nines in your region. The revised version of
the User's Guide to COMPLY-R has been entered into the docket.
Please call me at 475-9610 if you need any additional
information.
cc; Terrenes A. Mclaughlin
Barbara Durso
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 HOW TO SET UP YOUR SYSTEM 2-1
2.1 Making a Working Copy 2-1
2.2 Running the COMPLY Program 2-2
2.3 Output 2-2
3.0 DETAILED INPUT GUIDANCE 3-1
3.1 Overview 3-1
3.2 Format for Entering Numerical Values 3-2
3.3 Beginning Message 3-2
3.4 Output to Printer or File 3-2
3.5 Title 3-3
3.6 Title Page 3-3
3.7 Number of Release Points 3-3
3.8 Release Rates 3-4
3.9 Release Height 3-4
3.10 Vent Diameter 3-5
3.11 Volumetric Flow Rate 3-5
3.12 Distance from Source to Receptor 3-5
3.13 Vent and Air Temperatures 3-5
3.14 Wind Speed • 3-6
3.15 Wind Rose 3-6
3.16 Multiple Release Points 3-11
4.0 OUTPUT 4-1
REFERENCES 5-1
ill
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Sectj.on . _ Page
Appendix A - How to Handle Errors A-I
Appendix B - Sample Problems B-l
Appendix C - Obtaining and Organizing Wind Rose Data C-l
Appendix D - Suitability of Wind Rose Data from D-l
an Offsite Location
Appendix G - Meteorological Model G-l
Appendix H - Dose Calculations H-l
Appendix I - Resolving Problems and Contacting 1-1
the EPA
LIST OF FIGURES
No. Page_
C-l Sample Graphical Wind Rose C-5
1-1 EPA Regional Offices 1-2
LIST OF TABLES
No. Pag£
3-1 Abbreviated Sample Wind Rose 3-10
C-l Sample Wind Direction Versus wind C-6
Speed Tabulation
C-2 Sample STAR Data C-7
C-3 Sample STAR Data C-8
C-4 Tabular Form of Graphic Wind Rose C-9
C-5 Average Wind Speeds for Each Class C-9
C-6 Wind Rose Data Suitable for Use in C-10
the COMPLY Code
C-7 Form for Wind Rose Data C-ll
1-1 EPA Regional Program Managers 1-3
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~* 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The COMPLY-R computer program may be used to demonstrate
compliance with the National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) in 40 CFR 61, Subpart B. The
program can be used by owner or operators of underground
uranium mines to determine the dose to the maximally exposed
individual from Radon-222 emissions,
At all levels, the program will determine whether you are in
compliance or whether you exceed the standard. The program
is designed to be easy to run and requires only minimum
input. At the end, the program will create a report
containing all the input values and the results of its
calculations. This report, along with the supporting
documentation described in EP&89, is all that you need to
send to the EPA if you are required CD report,
1-1
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2.0 HOW TO SET UP YOUR SYSTEM
COMPLY requites an IBM PC or PC-compatible computer having at
least 512 kilobytes of memory/ at least one floppy disk drive
and a printer, A hard disk makes the system easier to run.
The operating system must be DOS.
The following instructions are written for the novice PC
user. We ask the expert user to be patient with some of the
long explanations.
2,1 MAKING A WORKING COPY
In the following explanation, we assume that the hard disk
(if one exists on your system) is named "c", the first floppy
disk drive is named "A", and the second floppy disk drive (if
one exists) is named *B". This configuration is fairly
standard. If your system is not set ap this way, you will
have to adapt these instructions accordingly,
The program is on one 360 kilobyte diskette marked CGMPLY-R,
If you have a hard disk, put the COMPLY-R diskette in drive
A, type copy A;*.* C: and press Enter. This will result in
the program and all the data being copied onto the hard disk,
If you have two floppy disk drives but do not have a hard
disk, put the COMPLY-R diskette in drive A and a blank
diskette in drive B. Use the DOS DISKCGPY command to copy
all the information on the original diskette to the blank
diskette:
DISKCOPY A; B:
2-1
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2.2 RUNNING THE COMPLY PROGRAM
~
If you are not using the hard disk, place your copy of the
COMPLY-R diskette in drive A.
You start the program by typing COMPLY-R and pressing Enter.
After a short delay (while the program is transferred from
the disk into memory), a message will appear on the screen
telling you how to proceed.
2.3 OUTPUT
The first page of the output is a cover sheet containing the
facility name and other identifying information. Succeeding
pages reproduce the information you gave the program and the
results of its calculations.
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3.0 DETAILED INPUT GUIDANCE
3.1 OVERVIEW
The following instructions may seem complicated at first;
this is because we have tried to cover every contingency. It
may be wise to start running the program using the sample
problem (Appendix B) as a guide and read the explanation
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0,012 you may type 0.012, .012, 1.2e-2, 1.2E-2, or 1.2-2.
+z
NGTE;r~The lower case L is not a numeral 1 as it is on
typewriter keyboards. You must use the "1" key,
The following formats are NOT correct: 1,400, 1.4x10+3, 012,
and 1.2x10-2, If you type 1,400, the program will not
recognize this as 1400, but it will not give you an error
message. It will ignore everything after the comma and treat
the value as 1. The program will read 012 as 12, not .012.
The other two incorrect forms will result in an error message
NOTE: If you recognize an error before you press the
Enter key, you may correct it using the backspace key (the
left-pointing arrow key on the upper right of the
keyboard).
After you type in the value, you must press the Enter key.
Only then will the machine recognize that you have given it
the value it has asked for. If the program is
looking for a numerical value and you press Enter without
giving it one, it will not proceed but will simply wait for
you to give it the value. It will not ask you for it again?
it will simply stare back at you.
3.3 BEGINNING MESSAGE
The first thing that will show on your screen is an
introductory message with a brief description of the code.
To continue, simply press the Enter key.
3.4 OUTPUT TO PRINTER OR PILE
The program first asks you whether you wish to have your
3-2
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output sent airectly to the printer or stored in a file or, a
disk. If you choose the printer, the output will be printed
as you go- along. You must have your printer turned on, or
the program will not run. If you choose to have your output
sent to a file, the program will ask you for a file name. If
you want the output file to be stored on a disk other than
the default disk, you must supply the name of the disk drive
along with the file name; e.g., B:REPORT,DAT to store it on
drive B.
Before printing the results, align the paper in the printer
so that the output will not overlap from page to page; align
the top of the sheet with the print head. Turn the printer
off momentarily and then back on. (Some printers will
advance the paper to the position it was in when the printer
was first turned on,)
3.5 TITLE
The program asks you to type in a tide for your
problem. You may type in anything you like, up to 78
characters and numbers,
3.6 TITLE PAGE
You will be asked to supply your company name, the name of
your facility, its address, and the name and telephone number
of a contact person.
3.7 NUMBER OF RELEASE•POINTS
The program will ask if you have more than one release
point. If the response is Y for yes, it will then ask how
3-3
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many release points (vents) there are. If you have more than
one, you may be able to run them all in one problem, or you
may have"to make several runs, (See the discussion in
Section 3.16, Multiple Release Points.)
Each release point in a problem is treated individually; that
is, you must supply the release rates, release height, etc,,
for each point. It is very important to keep track of which
parameters go with each release point. We strongly suggest
that you fill out Worksheet D in the guidance document
(EPA89).
3.8 RELEASE RATES
The program next asks you whether you want to put in release
rates in Curies/year or Curies/second. After you have told
it which you want {Y for years, S for seconds), it will ask
you for the release rates from each release point one at a
time. When the release rates have been specified for each
vent, the program will show on the screen what you have put
in and ask you if the values are satisfactory. If you don't
like what you see, enter an N and the program will instruct
you on how to fix the incorrect values. If you enter a Y, it
will proceed to the next step.
3.9 RELEASE HEIGHT
If you have multiple release points, and have not completed
Worksheet D of EPA89, we suggest you do so. It is a useful
way to keep track of all your vent parameters if you have
more than one vent. The release height is the elevation view
distance (in meters) from the ground to the point of release.
3-4
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If you specify a release height other than zero, the program
will ask you about the configuration of the vent. If the
vent is"not vertical or the flow is impeded by a restriction
such as a rain cover, momentum rise will be zero.
3.10 VENT DIAMETER
You may or may not be asked for the inside exit diameter (in
meters) of the vent. This number is needed only if tne
release height is greater than zero.
3.11 VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
You may be asked for the volumetric flow rate from the vent
[cubic meters per second {m /s}]. The logic of when you
are asked for this is the same as for the vent diameter. To
3 3
convert from cubic feet per minute (ft /min) to ra /s,
multiply ft /rain by 4.7xlO™4.
3.12 DISTANCE FROM SOURCE TO RECEPTOR
This is the straight-line distance (in meters) from the
source to the nearest receptor measured along the ground. If
you choose to put in a wind rose/ you must also supply the
straight-line distance to the nearest receptor for each of 16
sectors. This is discussed in the description of the wind
rose in Section 3.15.
3.13 VENT AND AIR TEMPERATURES
If the vent height is greater than zero, the program will ask
you for the annual average outside air temperature in degrees
F. This has a default value of 55 °F. The program will
then ask for the vent temperature in degrees F. This, too,
3-5
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has a default value of 55 F, If you choose the default
values for both of these temperatures, the plume rise due to
buoyancy effects will be zero. The vent temperature must be
equal to or greater than the air temperature,
3.14 WIND SPEED
The program will ask if you want to use the default wind
speed of 2 m/s. This is the annual average wind speed (m/s)
without regard to the wind direction. It is used if you do
not put in a wind rose. If you do not know the wind speed,
you may use the default value; however, this is fairly
conservative. If you do not want to use the default value,
the program will ask you for your value,
3,15 WIND ROSE
A wind rose is a table showing how frequently the wind blows
from a given direction with a given speed. You will be asked
if you wish to put in a wind rose. If you do not choose co
put in a wind rose, the wind is assumed to blow toward the
receptor 25 percent of the time. This is conservative,
because at most sites the maximum frequency for a given
direction is about 10-15 percent. If you choose to put in a
wind rose, enter Y; if not, enter N. If you choose to use a
wind rose, then the program will ask you for a distance table
for each release point. The distances correspond to the
directions FROM the release point TO the closest receptor in
each of 16 sectors and must be greater than zero. You may
put these distances in from the keyboard (following the
instructions on the screen) or you may set up distance files
ahead of time and use these. If you put them in from the
keyboard, the program will create files for you so that you
do not have to enter them again if you re-run the problem.
3-6
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Before the program creates each file, it will ask you for a
file name. The name you give it should include the disk
drive you want it on (if other than the default drive). For
example, if you want to call the file STKDISK.DAT and you
would like it to be on drive B, you would type
B:STKDISK.DAT. To put it on the default drive, you would
type only STKDISK.DAT. The DAT extension (.DAT) makes it
easy to identify your data files. If there is already a file
by that name, the program will ask you for a different name.
You will need to supply one set of distances for each release
point.
Wind rose data can be obtained from several sources: on-site
measurements, a local meteorological station {usually at the
local airport), and the National Climatic Data Center in
Asheville, North Carolina. See Appendix c for a description
of data available from the National Climatic Data Center and
how to put such data in the form needed here. If you do not
have an onsite meteorological tower, you must use data from
another source. In general, the data must be from
measurements made at a location meeting the guidelines given
in Appendix D. However, specific exceptions might be made on
a case-by-case basis, depending on how close the dose
estimates are to the limits and the similarity of the terrain
in the local area to the terrain where the data were
collected. The data should either be for the period covered
by the assessment or be long-term average data (covering at
least 5 years). The averaging period does not have to
include the assessment period.
Meteorologists have adopted the convention of presenting
these data in terms of the direction the wind is blowing
from, for each of 16 sectors. This can easily lead to errors
3-7
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wnen supplying the wind rose data. Before you start the
problem, check to make sure that your wind cose data are in
the form of FROM rather than TO. Embarrassing errors have
been caused by putting in wind rose data that were exactly
the reverse of what the user: thought they were.
If you indicate that you want to put in a wind rose, then the
program will ask you whether you want to put it in from a
file or from the keyboard. The first time you run the code,
you roust put in the wind rose data from the keyboard. Before
asking you for the wind rose data, the program will ask you
to provide the following information:
1. Source of the data,
2. Dates covered
3. Location where the measurements were made?
4. The distance from your facility to the measurement
location, and
5. Units for the wind speed (just follow the
instructions on the screen).
The source of the data might be one of those listed above;
e.g., the National Climatic Data Center, The dates covered
correspond to the period during which the meteorological
measurements were made. The location of the measurements is
the name of the weather station, and the distance is the
distance from your facility to that weather station.
The program next asks you for the percentage of calms.
Usually given on wind roses, this represents the period of
time the wind speed is less than (generally) 3 mph. If it
is not given, check your source of data to see if it has
been factored in. If the calms have been factored into the
3-8
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data/ enter a zero for the fraction of calms when the program
asks for it.
Wind speed data are usually given in either miles per hour
(mph) or knotsf and the program requires meters/second
(m/s). The conversion factors are as follows:
To obtain m/s from mph, multiply mph by 0.45.
To obtain m/s from knots, multiply knots by 0,51.
The program will ask you what your wind speed units are and
will do the conversion for you. All the instructions for
entering the wind rose data will appear on your screen. We
suggest that you have the data ready when you are asked for
it. To that end, Table C-7 in Appendix C is supplied for use
in preparing your wind rose data. When the data have all
been entered, they will be displayed on the screen, and you
will be asked if they are correct. If you answer Y for yes,
the computer will use the data you typed in to create a wind
rose file. This is done for your convenience, so that if you
want to re-run the problem for some reason, you do not have
to put in the wind rose data again. If the wind rose is not
correct/ answer N for no, and the program will give you
instructions for fixing it.
These restrictions apply to the values for the distances,
frequencies, and wind speeds:
o All the frequencies (except for calms) must be
greater than zero.
o The sum of all the frequencies (including cairns) must
be between 0.99 and 1.01,
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o All the wind speeds must be greater tnan O.I
meter/second.
Before the program creates the file, it will ask you for a
file name. The name you give It should include the disk
drive that you want it on (if other than the default dcive).
For example, if you decide to name the file WINDROSE.DAT and
you would like it to be put on drive B, then you would type
in B:WINBROSE.DAT. If you want to put it on the default
drive, you need type only WINDROSE.DAT. It is handy to put a
DAT extension (the .DAT} on all data files to make it easy to
identify them.
When you tun a problem and tell the computer you want to use
a wind rose file, the program will as,k you for the file
name. If the file is not on the same disk as the program,
you must tell the program where it is. For example, if the
default drive is drive C and the wind rose file is called
ROSIE.DAT on drive B, you would type B:RQSIE.DAT.
An abbreviated version of a wind rose is given in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1. Abbreviated Sample Wind Rose
Wind
FROM
Calm
' N '
'MNE1
Frequency
0.063
0,022
0.034
Speed
m/s
2,1
3.2
0.042 2.5
3-10
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whether you enter the wind cose from a file or from the
keyboard, the program will print it out and ask you if it is
correct.*- If you enter Y for yesf it will proceed with the
problem. If you enter N, the program will allow you to fix
it. The instructions will appear on the screen.
3.16 MULTIPLE RELEASE POINTS
The way you handle multiple release points depends in part on
whether you are using a wind rose. When you have multiple
release points,, you must supply the distance from each
release point to each receptor,
3.16.1 MULTIPLE RELEASE POINTS WITH NO WIND ROSE
Ogtion _1. If you are not using a wind rose, you may run
multiple vents in one problem. The program adds the dose to
the closest individual from release point 1 to that from
release point 2, and so on. This will over-estimate the dose
if different individuals in widely separated locations are
exposed to the various release points, because Option 1
assumes the same individual is in all the locations at once.
Oj?tion^2. The other option is to run N separate problems if
there are N release points, and use the multiple vent
option. This method is more complicated; however, it
eliminates the conservatism inherent in Option 1. The method
is best explained by the table below, which illustrates the
procedure for three release points.
3-11
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Release Receptor
Point a b
I" D(xla) D(xlfa) D(xlc
2 D(x2a} D(x2b3 D{x2c
3 D
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i. Run a single-vent problem for release point 1 using the
actual distances from the release point to the nearest
receptors in all 16 sectors. This will give you the dose
from vent 1 to receptor 1 (the receptor receiving the
highest dose from release point 1) and will tell you which
sector he lives in.
2. Having done step 1, determine from the output the location
of receptor 1, Create new distance files for release
point 2, 3, etc./ setting all the distances except the one
in the direction from each release point to receptor 1 to
a very large number (we suggest 10 meters). This will
prevent the program from calculating the dose to someone
in a sector other than the one of interest. For each
distance file in the direction of receptor 1, put in the
actual distance from the release point to receptor 1.
Then run this problem using the multiple stack option.
This gives you the dose to receptor 1 from all the release
points,
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the remaining release points to
get the doses to receptor 2 from release points 1, 2, 3,
etc. The dose to use in determining whether or not you are
in compliance is that of the problem having the highest
total dose from all the release points.
3-13
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4,0 OUTPUT
The output is self-explanatory. The input is printed out
just as you entered it.
If you elected to have the output sent to a princer, it will
appear there automatically. (You must have the printer
turned on,} If you choose to have it sent to a file, you may
examine the file on the screen or you may print it out. One
way to examine the file on the screen is to use the MORE
command. If the file is .named MYOUT on drive A, type in
MORE <. A:MYQUT
This will result in the file being displayed on the screen 23
lines at a time. You can see 23 more lines by pressing any
key. The next 23 lines will then scroll up. In this way,
you can work your way through the file (but only from front
to back} .
If you want to print the file, make sure the printer is
turned on and that the top of the sheet is lined up with the
pc inthead. Then type
PRINT AlMYGUT
This will cause the file to be printed.
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REFERENCES
BRIGGS84, Briggs, G.A. "Plume Rise and Buoyancy Effects," in
^tmgjsph er i_c Sc i e nee a_nd powej: Production, Darryl Randerson,
Ed,, U.S. Department of Energy, 1984.
BRIGGS86, Memo from G.A. Briggs, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, to D.A. Baker; Battelle-Pacific Northwest
Laboratories, 1986,
EPA89, "A Guide for Demonstrating Compliance with the Clean
Air Act Standards for Radionuclide Emissions from
NEC-Licenced and Non-DOE Federal Facilities,"
EPA 520/1-89-002, October 1989.
EVANS8G, "Engineer's Guide to the Elementary Behavior of
Radon Daughters," Evans, D.E,, Health Physics, 3B, 1173-1199,
1980.
NCRP89, "Screening Techniques for Determining Compliance with
Environmental Standards," NCRP Commentary No. 3, National
Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Revision of
January 1989.
NELSON87, Personal communication with Dr. C. Nelson of the
Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1987.
UNSCEAR77, "Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation,"
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation, Report to the General Assembly, United Nations,
New York, 1977.
5-1
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APPENDIX A - HOW TO HANDLE ERRORS
In most "cases, if you make an incorrect entry, the program
will tell you what is wrong and allow you to correct it. in
some cases, the program cannot identify the error. In those
cases, we have programmed the machine to suggest possible
problems, but finding the difficulty is up to you. These
types of problems are covered here. We have included here
all the potential difficulties anticipated. If you encounter
one that is not on the list, please notify your EPA Regional
Office,
1. MACHI_NE^pOES NOT RESPOND^ AFTER YOU HAVE^TYPED IN VALUE
Have you pressed Enter? You must press Enter to have the
machine digest your answer to its question.,
Have you pressed Enter without typing in a value? If the
program wants you to type in a number, and you just press
Enter, it will wait patiently for you to enter a number.
2.
You may have made a typographical error. Try typing in the
value again. Be sure to use the proper format. YOU may have
used the lower case *L* for a numeral 1. Unlike most
typewriters, the computer keyboard has a separate key for the
numeral 1.
You may have entered a value using an improper format. The
program allows you to enter numerical values in a number of
different ways. For example, to enter 1400 you may type
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.either 1400, 1400,, 1.4e3, 1.4E3, 1.4e+3, 1.4E+3, or 1.4+3.
To enter 0,012, you may type 0.012, .012, 1.2e-2, 1.2E-2, or
1.2-2. --
The following formats are NOT correct; 1,400 or 1.4x10+3, and
012 or 1.2x10-2.
If you type 1,400, the program will not recognize this as
1400, but it will not give you an error message. It will
ignore everything after the comma and treat the value as 1.
The program will read 012 as 12, not .012. The other two
incorrect forms will result in an error message.
3. ERROR MESSAGED "I canjt find (file name). It's not on_the^
default drive..."
The data files supplied with the program must be on the
default drive. If for some reason they are not there, you
will get this error message and the program will stop,
If the missing file is your wind rose or distance file, check
to see that it has the name you think it has and that it is
on the disk drive you think it is. If the name is not what
you thought it was, or it is on a different drive, start over
and give the program the correct file name when asked. If it
is not on the default drive, you must tell the machine where
it is. For example, if the default drive is drive A or C,
and the wind rose file is named WINDROSB.DAT and is on drive
B, then you must enter B:WINDRQSE.DAT when the machine asks
you for the file name.
A-2
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4 . ERROR MESSAGE FOR PI STANCE OR WIND ROSE FILE:___
(aj "There is something wrong with DATA line..."
(b) -""Error at line *** in GETWRF..."
(c) "Error at line *** in GETWDF..."
You should never get these messages. If you do, delete the
file that is causing the problem (by typing DEL file name}
and start over using the program to make a new file.
A-3
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APPENDIX B - SAMPLE PROBLEM
The sample problem that follows is intended to show the
output from CQMPLY-R and how the program calculates dose
B-l
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40 CFR Parr 61
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
REPORT ON COMPLIANCE WITH
THE CLEAN AIR ACT LIMITS FOR RADIONUCLIDE EMISSIONS
FROM THE COMPLY-R CODE, VERSION 1.2
Prepared byi
ABC ENERGY INC.
NICE MINE
SOMEWHERE, CO
JOHN DOE
(555) 555-5555
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation Programs
Washington, D.C. 20460
B-2
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Release Rate
Stack (curies/YEAR)
I ~ S.OOOE-t-03
2 2.0QQE-'-03
SITE DATA FOR VENT 1.
Release Height 2.00 meters.
Vertical momentum present for vent 1
Vent diameter 2.50 meters.
Volumetric flow rate is 40.000 cu m/sec,
STACK DISTANCES, FILE; N
DIR
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
ssw
sw
wsw
w
ww
NW
NNW
Distance
(meters)
30000.0
25000.0
25000.0
25000.0
20000.0
20000.0
20000.0
20000.0
15000,0
15000.0
20000.0
20000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
30000.0
SITE DATA FOR VENT 2.
R@l®ase Height 1.00 meters.
Vertical momentum NOT present for vent 2
Vent diameter 1.50 meters.
Volumetric flow rate is 35.000 cu m/s©c.
B-3
-------
DIR
N
NNE
NE
INE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
sw
wsw
w
WNW
NW
NNW
Distance
(meters)
30000.0
25000.0
2 5 C 0 C . 0
2 50 CO
20000
•20000
20000
20000
15000
15000,
20000,
20000,
15000,
20000.
25000.
, 0
,0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30000.0
WINDRQSE DATA, FILE; W
Source of wind rose data:
Dates of coverage:
Wind rose location:
Distance to facility:
Percent calm: O.oi
wind
FROM
N
RNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
sw
wsw
w
WNW
NW
NNW
GRAND JUNCTION
5/£"-5/89
GR,-.. D JUNCTION
40
Frequency
0.054
0,081
0.113
0.053
0.071
0.043
0.047
0.038
0.145
0. 104
0.074
0,029
0.036
0.038
0.044
0.021
speed
(meters/s)
3.84
4.62
3.89
2.91
2.44
2.85
3,95'
4.86
4.83
5.18
4,91
4,21
4,01
5.54
5.03
4.69
B-4
-------
Default air temperature not used,
Air temperature 54.0 (degrees F).
Default vent temperature used (55.0 degrees F) . Vent; 1,
The receptor exposed to the highest concentration is located
15000. meters to the W. Vent I.
Default vent temperature not used. Vent 2.
Vent temperature 57.0 {degrees F) ,
The receptor exposed to the highest concentration is located
15000. meters to the W. Vent 2.
Input parameters outside the "normal" range:
None.
RESULTS:
Effective dose equivalent; 1.6 (mrem/year)
Complies with emission standards.
*** This facility is in COMPLIANCE ***
********** END OF COMPLIANCE REPORT **********
B-5
-------
APPENDIX C - OBTAINING AND ORGANIZING WIND ROSE DATA
As noted'tn the body of this report, there are three possible
sources of wind rose data: (1) onsite measurements, (2) a
local weather station (usually located at airports), and (3)
the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North
Carolina {telephone 704-259-0682).
If you do not have an onsite meteorological" tower, you must
get wind rose data from another source. See Appendix D for
guidelines as to what constitutes acceptable data.
For offsite data, we recommend that you contact the National
Climatic Data Center because (1) they have trained personnel
who can advise you regarding the locations for which they
have data, (2) it is fairly easy to put their data in the
proper form, and (35 data are available for several hundred
locations around the country. Data from local airports may
not have been reduced to usable form; that is, the
measurements may be hourly or daily, which would mean you
would have to consolidate between about 400 and 9000 data
points for one year. Moreover, the airport data may already
be in the National Climatic Data Center data base.
Three kinds of data are available from the National Climatic
Data Center: Wind Direction Versus Wind Speed Tabulations,
STability ARray (STAR) data, and Wind-Ceiling-Visibility
data. Each of these is discussed below,
C.I WIND DIRECTION VERSUS WIND SPEED TABULATIONS
If the National climatic Data Center has one of these
tabulations available that is suitable for your site, we
C-l
-------
recommend that it be your first choice, because it is already
in the form you need. Table C-l is a sample tabulation; the
last two"columns are what you use to create your wind cose.
C.2 STABILITY ARRAY (STAR) DATA
The second kind of data available from the National Climatic
Data Center is the so-called STAR data. These data (or their
equivalent) are fairly extensive, but a subset can be used
for COMPLY. The data are on tape or hard copy. Unless you
have access to a tape reader, you should not order the tape.
The data consist of 13 tables? only the last 2. are of
interest here. The next-to-last column of the next-to-last
sheet contains the average wind speed (in knots) for each
sector. The last column of the last sheet contains the
fraction of the time the wind blows from each direction.
NOTE: The calms are distributed among the frequencies, so
that if you use the STAR data you should put in a 0 for
calms when you run COMPLY.
Tables c-2 and C-3 show the organization of the last 2 of the
13 STAR tables. The appropriate columns are marked.
While the STAR data are as convenient as the Wind Direction
Versus Wind Speed Tabulations, not as many locations have
been put into this data base. Thus, you may not be able to
find data from a nearby location.
C.3 WIND-CEILING-VISIBILITY DATA
The Wind-Ceiling-Visibility data are, for the most part,
30-year averages (1948-1978). Compiled for the Federal
Aviation Administration, they are not in the exact form
C-2
-------
required for use in COMPLY. They consist of both tables-and
graghs. The graphic data are in the form shown in Figure
C-l. The tabular data supplied with the graphic data are not
useful for your purpose. You must use the data from the
graphic wind rose to construct a table of wind speeds and
frequencies,
To construct your table from Figure C-l, follow this
procedure.
The numbers inside the segments represent the percentage of
the time that the wind blows from a particular direction
within a range of wind speeds. The speed range lies between
the values shown on the concentric circles in the sector
marked N,
In the sector marked Np the first of the concentric circles
has a 4 on it. This represents the lower limit of the wind
speed. The next concentric circle has a 13 on it. Inside
the segment bounded by these two sectors is a 4.3. This
means that 4.3 percent of the time the wind is from the
north, with a speed between 4 and 12 miles per hour. The
convention is to use the lower value as the lower limit of
the range and the higher value minus 1 mi/h as the upper
limit,
From the graph in Figure C-l/ we can construct Table c-4. To
construct the simplified wind rose needed for the COMPLY
program,, we need the average wind speed from each direction
and the fraction of the time the wind blows from that
direction. The average wind speeds for each class are as
given in Table C-5.
C-3
-------
We first sum the frequencies in each sector to get the
fraction of time the wind blows from that direction; i.e.,
• •
• 13
j
where f. . is the frequency of the time the wind speed in
sector i is in class j.
To compute the average speed for the sector, we multiply the
average speed in each class by its frequency, sum them, and
divide by the sum of the frequencies in that sector.
where U. is the average wind speed in sector i, and u. is
the average wind speed for class j (from Table C-4 ) .
This is not the true average speed for the sector, because we
did not account for calms. The program will ask you for the
fraction of the time the wind is calm (in this case/ 0,118)
and make the correction for you ,
An example of a calculation is as follows: with the wind from
the north, the sum of the frequencies is 4.3 + 0,8 + 0.2 =
5.3, and the average wind speed is (8x4.3 + 14x0.8 +
17x0.2)/5.3 = 9,2.
The result of these operations for the sample data is given
in Table C-6. The last column has the wind speed in m/s, the
unit required for COMPLY. The conversion factor is m/s =
mi/h times 0.447. Table C-7 is provided to assist you in
preparing the wind rose data.
C-4
-------
j c
ic "ind rose
-------
Tab!® C-l SsBf»I® Hindi mi faction Versus Metd Tdbul«c ton
WiM® OliiCllON ViiiUi WIN0 IPf I®
O
I
tfe
M
1
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411
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424
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151
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416
2411
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11. )
9 4
! 1 1
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-------
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ill,si8«
-------
Table C-4. Tabular form of graphical wind rose
Sector
Calms
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
ssw
sw
wsw
w
WNW
NW
NNW
F
1
0-3 4
il . 8
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
4
3
5
6
5
4
3
2
requency Wind Speed is
234
Wind Speed, mi/h
-12 13-15 16-18
-
.3
.6
.7
.9
.6
.2
.6
,9
.4
.4
.2
.1
.7
.0
.6
.9
_
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0,
0.
0,
0.
0.
• 1.
2.
2.
1.
1.
0.
8
2
2
3
4
4
4
3
5
8
7
4
1
4
1
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
_
.2
.1
0
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.5
,1
.9
.6
.2
.7
,4
in Class
5
19-24
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
Q
0
0
*
0
0
*
B
*
#
*
V
«
e
1
1
2
5
1
8
6
4
1
j, percen
6
25-31
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
• o
0
0
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
t
1
32
-
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table C-5. Average wind speeds for each class
Average
Class Speed Speed
Range i mi/h
_ 0-3 realm! CaTrfT
2 4-12 8
3 13-15 14
4 16-18 17
5 19-24 21
6 25-31 28
7 32 32
C-9
-------
Table C-6t_Wind rose data suitable for use in the
~ COMPLY code
Average Speed
Wind Prom Frequency mi/h m/s
calm
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
ssw
sw
wsw
w
WNW
NW
NNW
Sum
0.118
0.053
0.029
0.029
0.033
0.041
0.039
0,041
0.033
0.051
0.049
0,086
0.118
0.104
0,073
0,059
0.043
0.999
9.2
8.7
8.4
8,8
8,8
9.4
8.8
8.8
9.0
10
11
12
12
12
11
10
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.2
3.9
3,9
4.0
4.5
4.9
5.4
5.4
5.4
4.9
4.5
The frequencies must sum to between 0,99 and 1.01 to be
accepted by COMPLY. Use three decimal places with the
frequencies, to make'sure their sum is within these limits,
C-10
-------
Table C-7. Form foe wind cose data
Wind Wind
FROM Frequency1 Speed2
CALM XXXXXXXXXXXXX
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
ssw
sw
wsw
w
WNW
NW
NNW
Total3
Notes:
1. Expressed as fraction, NOT percent} i.e.
not 2.5%.
2. Must be greater than 0.1 m/s.
3, Must be between 0.99 and 1.01.
.025,
Oil
-------
APPENDIX D - SUITABILITY OF WIND ROSE DATA FROM AN
OFFSITE LOCATION
In general, it is very unlikely that the wind cose daca from
somewhere else will exactly duplicate the weather pdtcer,".5 at
your site. Thus, you must find a location, fairly close, tnat
duplicates the conditions at your location as closely as
possible. The factors that most affect the wind speed and
direction are as follows:
1 . T he^elevat^o n r e^a t jlv e t o_t he _su r r o unding area
A location on a hill or plateau can have different wind
conditions than the lower surrounding area.
2. ?c~e n c ep £ a
A location in a valley can have different wind conditions
than the terrain around it. The wind tends to channel
through a valley,
3. ^Pre^sence^^gf ji^lar_ge body of water
The presence of large bodies of water can influence the
wind patterns,
4 , Topography
The wind patterns for hilly terrain can be quite different
from those for flat terrain.
D-l
-------
5. Urban ver sus ' rura1
The wind patterns for urban locations can be quite
different from those In the surrounding rural or suburban
areas because of the heat island effect.
The measurements should come from a meteorological tower
located within 50 miles of the site.
The measurements should either cover the same year as the
assessment period, or be long-term averages (at least 5
years). The period over which the long-term average data
were obtained does not have to include the assessment
period.
It is unlikely that any facility not having onsite
measurements will be able to obtain data having all these
factors at their optimum conditions. Moreover, there are
no firm guidelines as to what constitutes "good" data;
that is, data representative of the conditions at your
site. If your calculated doses are well below the limits,
then the representativeness of the meteorological data is
not critical. However, if you are close to the dose
limits, or exceed them, you should consult a qualified
meteorologist, The EPA will make the final determination
as to whether or not the data you chose are satisfactory.
D-2
-------
APPENDIX G - METEOROLOGICAL MODEL
The meteb'cological model is similar to that used in NCRP
Commentary 3 (NCRP89), it is described below.
The air concentration is
C = fQP(x,H)/u ,
where f. is the fraction of the time the wind blows from the
source to the receptor (taken to be 0.25 unless there is a
wind rose), Q is the release rate (Ci/sec), u is the annual
average wind speed (m/s), H is the vent height (m), and
P(x,H) (m~2) is defined by
P(x,H) - {2.032/xCr }exp[-0.5(H/g;)2J, (1)
& Z
-1/2
where 7"_ = 0.06x(l -»- O.OOlSx) , and x is the distance
z
between the source and the receptor (m). The equation for
f is based on neutral atmospheric stability (Class D). The
<&
function P(x,H) is zero at x - 0, rises to a maximum at some
distance x__._, and then declines as x is increased beyond
Hicl A,
x . For distances less than xmax> p is taken to be
H)* This produces a conservative (over-estimate) of
centration at distances less than *„,„ and leads to
ma X
the curves shown in Figure 3 of NCRP Commentary 3.
Plume Rise
Plume rise is used only when the vent is vertical and has no
rain protector or other impediment to flow. The larger of
momentum or buoyant plume rise is used, not their sura.
Momentum plume rise is estimated using a simplified method
G-l
-------
based on the equations in BRIGGS84U The momentum flux, F ,
is .given by BRIGGS84 (the equation following Briggs' equation
8.36); i.e.,
Fm = /> V/(3.14/*), (2)
ID h S a
where w is the stack velocity, V the volumetric flow rate,
w
and f* and f> are the air and stack gas densities.
Equation 8.99 of BRIGGS84 is as follows:
(3)
where U is the mean wind speed (with a wind rose U =
Ef.u.f where f is the frequency and u the wind speed for
direction i), uft is the friction velocity {taken to be 0/12
per BRIGGS86), h the stack height, and &,h the plume rise,
This equation must be solved iteratively. However, by using
equation 8.100 of BRIGGS84 to approximate the&h on the right
hand side [«h = 0.9(U/u.)1'/2Fjs/2/(^ U) ], we can
circumvent the need for an iterative solution. By using ft =
0.4 + 1.2/R (R=w /U) as suggested in BHIGGS84, and assuming
o
that U/u^ =12 (a moderately conservative value, from
BRIGGS86), then equation (8) becomes
Ah =
Q.93[75Fm/U+3/R) IT]377 [ (h
*» IN rf
U(l-f3/R}]1/7 (4)
G-2
-------
Buoyant plume rise is estimated using a simplified method
suggested in BRIGGS84 and based on the equations given in tnat
study. ~
The buoyant fiux, F^, is given by the equation following
equation 8.35 of BRIGGS84; i.e.,
Fb ~~ g(/*a * f3}V//°a (5)
where g is the acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s).
Equation 8,97 of BRIGGS84 is as follows:
Ah = l,2[Fb/{Uu^)]3/5(hs +^h)2/5. (6)
Assuming that U/u* = 12 as above, and assuming for the
moment that h on the right hand side is 0, then
o
&h - C23,7)5/3Fb/U3 = 195Fb/U3 , (7)
Using this approximation for h on the right hand side of
equation (11) leads to
23.7[Fb/U3J3/5(hs + 195Fb/U3)2/5, (8)
The effective stack height, hef£» is hs + &h, where^h is
the larger of momentum or buoyant plume rise.
G-3
-------
APPENDIX H - DOSE CALCULATIONS
The dose from radon and its daughters is calculated as
follows:
Dose = C x 1012 x 1Q~3 x 10~2 x 8760/170 x DF x
[F. , F, + (1-P. , ) F ,]
indoors in indoor outj
where C = radon concentration at the receptor, Ci/m
1012 = pCi/Ci
10"3 • m3/liter
1Q~2 - Wl-liter/pci
8760/170 = Wl months/yr
F. = fraction of time spent indoors (0.75)
indoor
F, « indoor equilibrium fraction
F = outdoor equilibrium fraction
DF = dose factor, 920 mrem-WLM
The indoor equilibrium fraction is obtained from an outdoor
equilibrium fraction,
1.0 - 0.0479 exp{-t/4.39) - 2.1963 exp(-t/38.6)
\ t/ , +1.2442exp(-t/28.4)
>
/ ' .- ' . ,-v- where t is the transit time in minutes.
r .(
If ' '
H-l
-------
The above equation is based on the ingtowtn model of EVANS8Q and
the alpha data of UNSCEAR77.
With t = 11.8 min, F . = 0.2 which is consistent with the
observed equilibrium fraction in mine vents. Thus
t = 11.8 + x/60u
where x is the distance to the receptor (m) and u the annual
average wind speed (m/s). Thus, the outdoor equilibrium fraction
at the receptor is 0.2 plus the increase that occurs during
transit.
There is empirical evidence indicating that when there are no
radon decay products in ventilation air the indoor equilibrium
fraction is 0,35, and when the decay products in the ventilation
air are in equilibrium, the indoor fraction is 0.70. Thus,
F. = 0.35(1 + F . ) ,
in out'
H-2
-------
APPENDIX I RESOLVING PROBLEMS AND CONTACTING THE EPA
I.I EPA CONTACTS
If you do not understand any steps or have trouble with any
of the calculations Described in this document, you should
contact the Program Manager at your regional EPA office. EPA
Regional Offices are depicted in Figure 1-1, A list of the
EPA Regional Program Managers and their telephone numbers is
included as Table I-rl.
While most facilities will be able to demonstrate compliance
by one of the methods described in this report, if none of
these procedures works for your facility, you should contact
the EPA Program Manager at your regional EPA office to
determine the next step.
1.2 SOURCES
NCRp Commentary No, 3 may be obtained from the National
Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910
Woodmont Avenue/ Bethesda, Maryland 20814, The telephone
number is 301-657-2652.
Additional copies of the User's Guide for the COMPLY-R Code
and 5 1/4-inch diskettes containing the code and all the data
files can be obtained from;
Program Management Office ANR-459
Office of Radiation Programs
Environmental Protection Agency
401 H St., SW
Washington, DC 20460.
1-1
-------
ii P A ?.e H i o n a * 0 f i i c6:
-0&
I
1-2
-------
Table 1-1. EPA Regional Program Managers
Telephone No.
Tom D'Avanzo
Radiation Program Manager, Region
Environmental Protection Agency
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
FTS;
COMM:
617
835-4502
565-4502
Paul A Giardina
Radiation Program Manager, Region
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 1137-L
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
FTS;
COMM:
(212)
264-4110
264-4110
Lewis Felleisen
Radiation Program Manager, Region 3
Special Program Section (3AM12)
Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
FTS:
COMM:
(215)
597-9705
597-9705
Chuck Wakamo
Radiation Program Manager, Region
Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
FTS: 257-3907
COMM: (404) 347-3907
Gary V. Gulezian
Radiation Program Manager, Region
Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn Street (5AR26)
Chicago, IL 60604
FTS: 886-6258
COMM: (312) 353-2206
Donna Aseenzi
Radiation Program Manager, Region 6
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Division
Air Program Branch (6T-E)
Environmental Protection Agency
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
FTS: 255-7223
COMM: (214) 655-7223
1-3
-------
?able I-I. EPA Regional Program Man
Telephone No
Carl Walter
Radiation Program Manager, Region
Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
FTS: 276-7600
COMM; (913) 551-7600
Milton W. Lammering
Radiation Program Manager, Region 8
Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 500
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202-2405
FTS:
COMM:
(303)
330-1713
293-1713
Michael S. Bandrowski
Radiation Program Manager, Region
Environmental Protection Agency
215 Fremont Street, CA1-1)
San Francisco, CA 94105
FTS:
COMM;
(415
556-5285
556-5285
Jerry Leitch
Radiation Program Manager, Region 10
Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue, (AG-082)
Seattle, WA 98101
FTS;
COMM
(206)
399-7660
442-7660
1-4
------- |