United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
FACTOIDS:
Drinking Water
and Ground
Water Statistics
for 2007
-------
Office of Water (4606M)
EPA816-K-07-004
March 2008
www. epa. gov/safewater/data
-------
There are approximately 156,000 public drinking water systems in the United States. Each of these
systems regularly supplies drinking water to at least 25 people or 15 service connections. Beyond
their common purpose, the 156,000 systems vary widely. The following tables group water systems
into categories that show their similarities and differences. For example, the first table shows that
most people in the US (286 milion) get their water from a community water system. There are
approximately 52,000 community water systems, but just eight percent of those systems (4,048)
serve 82 percent of the people. The second table shows that more water systems have ground
water than surface water as a source-but more people drink from a surface water system. Other
tables break down these national numbers by state, territory, and EPA region.
This package also contains figures on the types and locations of underground injection control
wells. EPA and states regulate the placement and operation of these wells to ensure that they do
not threaten underground sources of drinking water. The underground injection control program
statistics are based on separate reporting from the states to EPA.
The drinking water system statistics on the following pages are taken from the Safe Drinking Water
Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/Fed). SDWIS/Fed is the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's official record of public drinking water systems, their violations of state and
EPA regulations, and enforcement actions taken by EPA or states as a result of those violations.
EPA maintains the database using information collected and submitted by the states.
Notice: Compliance statistics are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this
system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data. An analysis of
SDWIS/Fed data quality is available atwww.epa.gov/safewater/data/reports.html
For more information and additional drinking water data tables, please visit
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/data/getdata.html.
Acronyms & Abbeviations:
CWS: Community Water System
FY: (federal) Fiscal Year [October 1-September 30]
GPRA: Government Performance and Results Act-program measures
M/R: Monitoring/Reporting violation [water system's failure to monitor for, or report to the state, the
level of a contaminant on the required schedule]
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level [the legal limit on a contaminant in drinking water
MRDL: Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level [for disinfectants added to drinking water]
NTNCWS: Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
Other: Other violations of EPA rules (including failure to provide public notice of another violation,
or failure to prepare and/or distribute a Consumer Confidence Report)
Pop. Served: Population served (by a water system)
PWS: Public Water System
PWSS: Public Water System Supervision program
SDWIS/FED: Safe Drinking Water System/Federal version
TNCWS: Transient Non-Community Water System
TT: Treatment Technique [a drinking water treatment required by EPA or state rules^
-------
FY2007 Drinking Water Factoids
Public Water System Inventory data
Active, current systems, from Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/FED) 07Q3 frozen inventory table
System size
by population served
Very Small
500 or less
Small
501-3,300
Medium
3,301-10,000
Large
10,001-100,000
Very Large
>100,000
Total
cws
NTNCWS
TNCWS
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
29,282 13,906 4,822 3,702 398
4,857,007 19,848,329 27,942,486 105,195,727 128,607,655
56% 27% 9% 7% 1%
2% 7% 10% 37% 45%
16,034 2,662 120 22 1
2,247,556 2,710,330 639,561 533,845 203,000
85% 14% 1% 0% 0%
35% 43% 10% 8% 3%
81,873 2,751 102 15 3
7,230,344 2,681,373 546,481 424,662 2,869,000
97% 3% 0% 0% 0%
53% 19% 4% 3% 21%
52,110
286,451 ,204
100%
100%
18,839
6,334,292
100%
100%
84,744
13,751,860
100%
100%
Total # syster
127,189
19,319
5,044
3,739
402
155,693
CWS = Community Water System: A public water system that supplies water to the same population year-round.
NTNCWS = Non-Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that regularly supplies water to at least 25
of the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples are schools, factories, office buildings,
and hospitals which have their own water systems.
TNCWS = Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that provides water in a place such as a gas
station or campground where people do not remain for long periods of time.
Water source
Type
Ground Water Surface Water
Totals
CWS
NTNCWS
TNCWS
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
40,646 11,449
90,549,995 195,887,109
78% 22%
32% 68%
18,151 679
5,503,282 787,555
96% 4%
87% 13%
82,851 1,878
11,077,369 2,668,985
98% 2%
81% 19%
52,095
286,437,104
100%
100%
18,830
6,290,837
100%
100%
84,729
13,746,354
100%
100%
Total # syster
141,648
14,006
Ground water systems = ground water (GW), purchased ground water (GWP)
Surface water systems = surface water (SW), purchased surface water (SWP),
ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GU),
purchased ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GUP).
SDWIS/FED 07Q3 tables were "frozen" in early October 2007
-------
FY2007 water system data-by State
Key:
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table
# systems
Pop served
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
Ml
MN
MO
MS
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
444 245 904
567,015 58,622 107,061
539 30 64
5,326,372 19,021 30,942
712 36 345
2,568,098 10,070 21,485
819 201 576
5,925,348 128,613 115,210
3,004 1 ,379 2,840
37,008,321 398,151 1,592,805
840 166 977
5,160,509 77,499 274,957
573 607 1 ,543
2,647,077 113,898 58,794
5 1
606,730 370
211 100 200
882,041 28,586 58,382
1,825 929 3,167
18,281,444 254,145 297,262
1,731 216 506
7,879,320 66,863 80,101
113 15 3
1,336,642 11,299 3,805
1,132 131 697
2,639,652 46,887 86,925
752 228 1,012
1,056,176 51,499 110,136
1 ,766 384 3,652
11,851,803 127,940 373,150
828 666 2,874
4,698,344 193,706 392,793
900 48 96
2,580,064 19,760 4,575
406 33 58
4,863,941 13,257 7,474
1,075 162 264
4,864,822 63,672 67,552
528 262 946
8,929,195 72,154 155,940
494 573 2,509
4,888,853 159,075 209,889
387 372 1,181
647,933 69,679 187,115
1,418 1,505 8,672
7,567,040 361,181 1,022,476
964 536 5,823
4,150,793 83,843 533,473
1 ,487 239 1 ,046
5,108,547 77,916 118,516
1,149 80 91
3,002,291 73,116 16,258
1,593
732,698
633
5,376,335
1,093
2,599,653
1,596
6,169,171
7,223
38,999,277
1,983
5,512,965
2,723
2,819,769
6
607,100
511
969,009
5,921
18,832,851
2,453
8,026,284
131
1 ,351 ,746
1,960
2,773,464
1,992
1,217,811
5,802
12,352,893
4,368
5,284,843
1,044
2,604,399
497
4,884,672
1,501
4,996,046
1,736
9,157,289
3,576
5,257,817
1,940
904,727
1 1 ,595
8,950,697
7,323
4,768,109
2,772
5,304,979
1,320
3,091 ,665
1,314 272
328,808 403,563
390 243
1,489,166 3,887,169
697 396
903,636 1,696,017
1 ,537 59
2,807,910 3,361,261
6,116 1,107
8,466,829 30,532,448
1 ,498 484
715,040 4,797,900
2,644 79
429,265 2,390,504
6
607,100
506 5
686,929 282,080
5,838 81
16,172,082 2,660,699
2,227 226
1,688,966 6,337,318
111 20
500,899 850,847
1,807 153
1 ,505,579 1 ,267,885
1,917 74
960,523 257,257
5,085 717
3,477,735 8,875,158
4,247 121
2,936,941 2,347,902
667 377
812,735 1,791,664
162 335
412,587 4,472,085
1 ,408 93
2,988,040 2,008,006
1,538 196
2,060,207 7,097,032
3,478 98
999,838 4,257,979
1 ,861 79
464,903 439,824
1 1 ,292 303
3,110,503 5,840,194
7,213 110
3,432,107 1,336,002
2,522 250
1 ,853,533 3,451 ,446
1,308 12
2,854,286 237,379
76
33,762
26
95,589
126
300,065
90
550,450
310
1,448,144
68
80,220
84
49,216
22
219,664
158
1,353,188
75
463,729
12
89,012
77
215,789
99
140,363
168
789,067
108
183,252
123
210,693
47
516,002
137
563,083
54
430,347
35
61 ,658
78
96,695
169
238,660
53
170,040
179
239,482
62
209,479
17%
6%
5%
2%
18%
12%
11%
9%
10%
4%
8%
2%
15%
2%
0%
0%
10%
25%
9%
7%
4%
6%
11%
7%
7%
8%
13%
13%
10%
7%
13%
4%
14%
8%
12%
11%
13%
12%
10%
5%
7%
1%
20%
15%
12%
3%
5%
4%
12%
5%
5%
7%
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FY2007 water system data-by State
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table
Key:
# systems
Pop served
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
Rl
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
Wl
WV
WY
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
675 250 1,163
685,495 72,017 172,061
2,157 503 3,968
7,000,138 139,467 334,374
330 25 165
562,310 3,813 14,853
597 174 565
1,413,208 52,658 59,724
707 460 1 ,228
839,845 96,078 317,260
610 822 2,458
8,542,403 327,189 417,803
632 169 463
1,658,716 49,381 80,826
228 107 247
2,430,181 43,604 25,050
2,780 756 6,104
17,866,224 337,621 2,860,099
1 ,279 888 3,098
10,157,729 217,701 450,004
1,119 111 356
3,106,291 21,650 27,477
864 336 1 ,425
3,126,058 73,608 222,429
2,092 1 ,253 6,231
10,627,826 529,951 790,227
83 80 317
967,698 27,215 54,005
627 139 715
3,539,305 40,164 40,579
455 25 181
668,856 7,947 24,997
490 43 377
5,687,416 27,483 57,975
4,634 839 1 ,235
25,051,267 521,454 249,294
460 67 439
2,510,336 29,112 69,068
1,248 574 1,194
6,429,469 319,918 189,808
448 246 669
452,701 42,942 103,206
2,272 325 1 ,562
5,842,936 140,272 417,368
1 ,076 906 9,463
3,956,743 199,122 706,244
511 136 482
1,262,027 36,198 29,535
289 88 391
430,865 18,365 83,007
2,088
929,573
6,628
7,473,979
520
580,976
1,336
1 ,525,590
2,395
1,253,183
3,890
9,287,395
1,264
1 ,788,923
582
2,498,835
9,640
21 ,063,944
5,265
10,825,434
1,586
3,155,418
2,625
3,422,095
9,576
1 1 ,948,004
480
1,048,918
1,481
3,620,048
661
701 ,800
910
5,772,874
6,708
25,822,015
966
2,608,516
3,016
6,939,195
1,363
598,849
4,159
6,400,576
1 1 ,445
4,862,109
1,129
1 ,327,760
768
532,237
1 ,858 230
527,168 402,405
6,190 438
2,079,158 5,394,821
414 106
261,588 319,388
1 ,279 55
738,278 787,262
2,332 63
716,198 536,985
3,786 101
3,768,398 5,516,973
1,188 76
1,513,495 275,428
546 36
315,017 2,183,818
8,239 1 ,388
5,448,573 15,602,922
4,954 31 1
3,642,668 7,182,766
869 717
669,820 2,485,598
2,333 291
864,380 2,557,685
9,012 562
2,811,851 9,136,078
456 24
226,923 821 ,995
1,162 319
604,481 3,015,567
521 140
288,565 413,235
539 371
1 ,492,825 4,280,049
5,503 1 ,203
7,467,392 18,352,832
904 62
1,909,389 699,127
2,628 388
829,526 6,109,669
1,244 119
324,519 274,330
3,897 262
3,114,815 3,285,761
1 1 ,392 52
3,084,029 1 ,778,055
787 342
234,914 1,092,846
643 125
202,440 329,797
68
51 ,982
359
644,579
17
10,374
141
157,430
134
152,903
43
599,618
89
245,388
34
63,153
262
3,312,872
130
1 ,334,825
207
699,31 1
132
321,122
157
720,240
15
364,864
45
403,864
55
42,289
32
231,613
415
1,217,228
34
101,182
169
209,425
92
78,655
235
329,239
90
357,688
43
121,603
27
13,608
10%
8%
17%
9%
5%
2%
24%
11%
19%
18%
7%
7%
14%
15%
15%
3%
9%
19%
10%
13%
18%
23%
15%
10%
8%
7%
18%
38%
7%
11%
12%
6%
7%
4%
9%
5%
7%
4%
14%
3%
21%
17%
10%
6%
8%
9%
8%
10%
9%
3%
50,765
279,854,414
18,466
5,955,752
84,542
13,724,349
153,773
140,059
105,195,457
13,677
194,322,111
5,461
20,532,704
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FY2007 water system data-Tribal
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table
Key:
# systems
Pop served
Region
01
02
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Navajo
Nation
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
2 3 1
41,095 41,245 40
7 2 1
8,725 315 200
14 2 15
21,058 1,107 1,576
77 27 9
85,471 28,010 1,422
49 19 15
69,038 73,017 1,354
923
5,280 1 ,250 730
115 15 4
88,563 5,626 187
234 50 35
256,365 87,653 6,625
85 20 8
46,968 33,873 702
144 11 5
139,060 4,481 1,084
6
82,380
10
9,240
31
23,741
113
114,903
83
143,409
14
7,260
134
94,376
319
350,643
113
81 ,543
160
144,625
5
41,195
8 2
5,040 4,200
30 1
14,241 9,500
111 2
114,414 489
76 7
134,231 9,178
13 1
6,560 700
109 25
68,886 25,490
298 21
319,379 31,264
99 14
50,795 30,748
154 6
127,042 17,583
1 50%
95 0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
4 5%
2,037 2%
8 16%
12,854 19%
2 22%
1 ,468 28%
12 10%
11,240 13%
56 24%
48,160 19%
5 6%
3,775 8%
8 6%
16,084 12%
736 151 96 983 903 79 96
761,623 276,577 13,920 881,783 129,152 95,713
FY2007 water system data-Commonwealths and Territories
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen inventory table Key: # systems
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table Pop served
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
Amer.
Samoa
Guam
N.
Marianas
Puerto
Rico
Virgin
Islands
19
51,435
5 4
193,754 2,090
53 25 14
90,835 7,601 1 ,023
453 53 5
5,419,225 45,310 2,314
79 140 87
79,918 46,962 10,254
19
51 ,435
9
195,844
92
99,459
511
5,466,849
306
137,134
13 6
5,277 46,158
6 3
155,840 40,004
88 4
33,134 66,325
276 234
791 ,021 4,670,899
303 3
68,134 69,000
7
46,516
3
7,128
221
3,597,806
1
25
37%
90%
0%
0%
6%
8%
49%
66%
1%
0%
609 222 106 937 686 250 232
5,835,167 101,963 13,591 1,053,406 4,892,386 3,651,475
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)-
Strategic Sub-objective For Drinking Water 2.1.1
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure
how well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have
gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the
public.
EPA Strategic Objective 2.1: Protect Public Health, Sub-objective 2.1.1: Water Safe To
Drink: By 2008, 95% of the population served by community water systems will receive
drinking water that meets all applicable health-based drinking water standards through
effective treatment and source water protection. (2002 Baseline: 93.6 percent of
population; note that year-to-year performence is expected to change overtime as new
standards take effect.)
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe
Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of
some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the
data.
By EPA region
Nationally 1 2 3
10
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
91 .5%
89.4%
88.5%
90.0%
89.6%
93.6%
90.8%
90.7%
90.5%
89.0%
86.5%
85.6%
83.8%
83.0%
78.8%
92%
92%
92%
93%
89%
88%
65%
62%
75%
64%
62%
60%
57%
57%
60%
76%
61%
55%
80%
54%
81%
77%
76%
61%
60%
55%
53%
52%
55%
56%
95%
93%
93%
85%
95%
98%
98%
97%
98%
97%
97%
92%
91%
87%
85%
93%
93%
93%
93%
93%
96%
95%
95%
95%
95%
93%
93%
92%
90%
90%
93%
92%
94%
96%
95%
94%
92%
95%
95%
95%
92%
92%
92%
88%
77%
92%
88%
88%
92%
93%
93%
96%
96%
95%
95%
93%
94%
88%
87%
92%
93%
91%
91%
92%
93%
95%
90%
95%
95%
94%
95%
95%
95%
94%
93%
97%
96%
95%
92%
92%
97%
94%
94%
94%
93%
91%
92%
90%
91%
92%
95%
98%
95%
86%
98%
99%
97%
94%
97%
95%
95%
91%
88%
90%
69%
92%
95%
95%
93%
93%
91%
83%
83%
94%
89%
74%
74%
75%
87%
85%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT WV NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant
Level (MRDL) and Treatment Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on active, current water systems
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2001, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 01Q4 frozen tables. CA population data from OOQ4 frozen tables
For FY2000, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED OOQ4 frozen tables.
For FY1999, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 99Q4 frozen tables.
For FY1998, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q4 frozen tables.
For FY1997 and earlier, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q1 frozen tables.
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)--
Strategic Targets for Regulations In Place Before 12/2001
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well
they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and
communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public.
EPA Strategic Targets: by 2008, 95% of community water systems and 95% of the population
served by them will provide drinking water that meets all existing health-based standards with
which systems need to comply as of December 2001. (2002 Baseline: 93.6% of the population,
91.6 percent of systems).
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this
system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data.
% Population served
By EPA region
Nationally
1
10
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
93.6%
91.7%
91.0%
92.2%
91.0%
93.7%
94%
95%
93%
94%
90%
88%
80%
65%
62%
86%
59%
81%
97%
95%
95%
92%
97%
98%
96%
96%
95%
95%
94%
96%
94%
93%
95%
96%
95%
94%
95%
92%
94%
96%
96%
94%
96%
95%
94%
93%
94%
95%
98%
97%
96%
93%
93%
97%
95%
98%
95%
86%
98%
99%
93%
96%
95%
93%
93%
91%
% Systems The systems measure was added to provide context to the population-based
measure because it is less volatile and is not biased towards large systems.
By EPA region
Nationally
1
8
10
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
92.0%
92.2%
91.8%
91.9%
92.1%
91.6%
87%
87%
87%
88%
86%
86%
90%
90%
88%
90%
90%
89%
94%
94%
94%
92%
93%
92%
94%
94%
94%
94%
93%
94%
94%
94%
93%
93%
94%
93%
94%
94%
93%
93%
93%
93%
90%
91%
90%
90%
89%
87%
94%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
90%
92%
92%
92%
95%
95%
89%
89%
87%
87%
88%
87%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT WV NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and Treatment Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on active, current water systems
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables.
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)-
Strategic Targets for Regulations In Place After 2001
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure
how well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have
gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the
public.
EPA Strategic Targets: by 2008, 80% of community water systems and 95% of the
population served by them will provide drinking water that meets all existing health-based
standards with a compliance date of January 2002 or later.
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe
Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of
some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the
data.
Applicable standards in FY2007:
* Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule-CWSs w/ surface water sources
serving 10,000 or more people
* Disinfection By-Products (DBP) Rule for CWSs that disinfect. In FY2003, this
rule applied to systems serving >10,000 people
* New Arsenic and Uranium standards
% Population served
By EPA region
123456789 10
Nationally
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
96.9%
96.8%
96.2%
96.6%
95.7%
97%
97%
99%
99%
98%
89%
89%
85%
84%
79%
98%
98%
98%
92%
98%
97%
97%
98%
98%
97%
98%
99%
99%
100%
100%
96%
95%
93%
96%
94%
97%
96%
96%
99%
97%
99%
99%
99%
99%
99%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
99%
99%
100%
100%
100%
% Systems The systems measure was added to provide context to the population-based
measure because it is less volatile and is not biased towards large systems
By EPA region
Natio
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
nally
96.4%
96.7%
97.1%
99.2%
93.1%
123456789 10
95%
96%
98%
99%
96%
96%
97%
97%
99%
76%
96%
97%
97%
100%
92%
97%
97%
97%
99%
93%
96%
97%
99%
100%
99%
94%
94%
93%
98%
86%
97%
97%
96%
98%
92%
97%
97%
98%
99%
98%
99%
99%
99%
100%
100%
99%
98%
99%
100%
100%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT WV NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
(MRDL), and Treatment Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on all active Community Water Systems
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
-------
CWS violations reported by FY
FY2007 data from SDW1S/FED 07Q3 frozen tables
FY2006 data from SDW1S/FED 06Q3 frozen tables
FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1
FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1
FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL TT M/R Other* Total
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
9,512
9,242
9,739
5,562
4,884
5
7
4
6
1
3,056
2,790
3,036
2,168
2,299
70,198
67,301
124,605
96,225
68,840
23,299
19,245
18,414
14,459
12,671
106,070
98,585
155,798
118,420
88,695
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL
M/R
Other*
Population affected
FY2007 CWS results, by system size
Number of violations
MCL MRDL T
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
M/R
Other
Number of systems in violation
MCL
MRDL
M/R
Other
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
Population affected
MCL MRDL
M/R
Other
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
Total
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
4,445
4,438
4,472
3,455
3,069
4
3
4
4
1
1,648
1,538
1,625
1,409
1,458
12,676
13,106
14,403
13,693
12,880
10,429
9,600
10,258
8,947
8,109
21 ,604
21 ,677
22,902
21 ,200
20,343
FY
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
MCL
16,468,593
16,918,011
19,228,465
15,060,424
16,082,938
MRDL
263,875
46,344
424,859
3,617
2,250
TT
10,895,825
16,612,762
16,879,450
16,588,301
16,969,087
M/R
51,310,453
52,415,065
62,51 1 ,599
51,043,156
49,812,213
Other*
30,434,294
23,372,794
23,442,800
17,833,120
12,726,332
Total
88,282,175
83,638,885
91 ,626,483
79,058,089
81 ,672,086
Total
5,118
2,763
891
717
23
4
1
1,607
901
275
250
23
49,938
1 1 ,670
4,052
4,156
382
16,937
4,428
1,131
742
61
73,604
19,762
6,349
5,865
490
Total
2,533
1,185
438
274
15
3
1
934
436
156
105
17
8,472
2,741
829
577
57
6,876
2,396
665
452
40
13,660
5,099
1,627
1,112
106
Total
415,354
1 ,750,409
2,506,353
6,289,455
5,507,022
513
263,362
153,982
659,296
886,905
3,311,805
5,883,837
1 ,329,355
3,742,105
4,795,828
15,342,701
26,100,464
1 ,093,302
3,286,324
3,807,847
1 1 ,477,634
10,769,187
2,174,583
7,130,628
9,384,876
29,022,492
40,569,596
* Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row.
This is because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation.
Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules
-------
NTNCWS violations reported by FY
FY2007 data from SDW1S/FED 07Q3 frozen tables
FY2006 data from SDW1S/FED 06Q3 frozen tables
FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables,
FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables,
FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables,
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL TT M/R
except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1
except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1
except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1
Other
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL TT
M/R
Other
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
TT
M/R
Other
Total
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2,187
1,903
1,980
1,381
1,391
794
827
1 853
681
680
33,322
33,512
54,561
37,514
32,578
2,490
2,063
717
538
503
38,793
38,305
58,112
40,114
35,152
Total
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
1,333
1,227
1,207
1,033
1,029
539
539
1 550
474
495
4,907
5,150
5,591
4,963
4,758
1,238
1,059
491
356
317
6,630
6,609
6,822
5,999
5,803
Total
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
401,120
409,163
352,038
288,280
266,522
188,740
170,672
110 164,644
130,242
140,053
1,527,217
1,674,286
1,668,159
1,402,090
1,434,673
355,150
277,538
122,177
88,003
85,026
2,084,705
2,139,678
2,044,368
1,713,877
1,748,569
TNCWS violations reported by FY
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
TT
M/R
Other
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL TT
M/R
Other
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
TT
M/R
Other
Total
5,591
5,287
5,043
5,032
5,082
435
474
502
415
573
30,597
32,767
37,505
38,705
35,005
22,078
19,010
4,800
3,028
8,640
58,701
57,538
47,850
47,180
49,300
Total
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
4,335
4,082
3,977
3,974
4,071
237
211
215
195
245
15,638
15,575
17,556
17,334
17,439
7,664
6,417
2,284
1,697
3,685
23,018
21,816
21,258
20,680
21,360
Total
539,651
1 ,297,464
542,026
549,673
541 ,950
63,160
50,372
86,648
51,915
40,518
2,000,305
2,166,907
2,264,085
2,207,974
2,160,890
731,880
642,080
344,41 1
234,291
340,950
2,801,204
3,597,017
2,816,995
2,708,036
2,649,642
* Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row.
This is because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation.
Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules
-------
FY2007 MCL, MRDL and TT violations reported
From SDW1S/FED 07Q3 frozen violations table
Microbials:
Very small Small Medium Large
25-500 501-3,300 3,301-10,0000,001-100,00
Applies to all water systems
Very Large
>100,000
Total
TCR/T
8,150
6,230
668,086
948
736
1 ,006,773
258
225
1,308,228
219
171
3,834,889
11
10
4,542,756
9,586
7,372
11,360,732
Applies to surface water systems that disinfect ( TNCWSs that use CIO2)
Stage 1 DBP
1,361
538
102,726
1,727
579
889,675
538
218
1,207,929
160
72
1 ,585,893
1
1
263,362
3,787
1,408
4,049,585
Applies to surface water systems
SWTR
983
495
78,849
361
173
243,048
56
43
252,534
63
37
1,313,590
9
8
2,842,627
1,472
756
4,730,648
Applies to surface water systems
IE<1SWTR
194
77
14,575
187
71
116,411
93
42
234,926
141
41
1 ,245,927
13
8
2,767,357
628
239
4,379,196
Organics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
voc
soc
46
21
2,879
21
15
1,798
12
7
12,039
5
3
2,675
1
1
5,488
6
5
216,956
3
1
13,703
65
34
237,362
29
19
18,176
Inorganics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Nitrates
Arsenic
Other IOC
866
493
58,138
1,179
568
88,017
302
107
18,661
117
58
65,972
294
138
180,295
56
23
37,729
6
5
24,430
78
24
137,532
9
4
29,802
6
6
109,018
17
9
342,933
8
6
214,406
1
1
270,000
1
1
180,000
995
562
257,558
1,569
740
1,018,777
376
141
480,598
Applies to CWS
Radionuclides
679
233
44,091
239
84
113,051
103
34
199,845
288
29
689,840
8
2
261,221
1,317
382
1,308,048
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Lead & Copper
1,220
874
127,063
292
227
294,819
54
38
215,428
21
16
429,139
1
1
273,853
1,588
1,156
1,340,302
Acronyms:
TCR/T = Total Coliform Rule/Turbidity
SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule
IE<1SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
DBP = Disinfectants By-Products Rule
VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHMs (which are listed in DBP Rule)
SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine)
Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite
-------
FY2007 Monitoring violations reported
From SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen violations table
Microbials:
Very small Small Medium
25-500 501-3,300 3,301-10,000
Applies to all water systems
Large
10,001-100,000
Key:
Very Large
>1 00,000
# violations
# systems
Pop. affected
Total
TCR/T
30,396
18,279
1,974,913
3,052
1,838
2,262,552
435
308
1,706,541
256
190
4,875,095
17
12
5,024,442
34,156
20,627
15,843,543
Applies to surface water systems that disinfect ( TNCWSs that use CIO2)
Stage 1 DBP
3,996 1 ,778
1 ,945 863
339,588 1,169,575
508 284 38
257 167 19
1 ,442,949 4,628,256 8,257,904
6,604
3,251
15,838,272
Applies to surface water systems
SWTR
885
246
43,492
290
120
164,921
79
47
253,285
32
24
816,635
10
6
2,885,400
1,296
443
4,163,733
Applies to surface water systems
IE<1SWTR
274
90
17,439
215
65
87,450
70
37
213,960
32
20
519,205
11
8
3,638,074
602
220
4,476,128
Organics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
voc
soc
23,371
768
97,891
14,261
407
48,535
4,270
157
207,259
1,962
76
99,799
1,220
44
285,066
686
33
209,032
1,340
34
1,208,589
960
31
862,146
103
3
834,748
1
1
785,049
30,304
1,006
2,633,553
17,870
548
2,004,561
Inorganics: Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Nitrates
Arsenic
Other IOC
7,724
6,622
705,657
510
400
53,008
2,692
288
35,687
735
538
643,381
89
80
108,206
516
73
97,875
212
123
740,747
28
20
125,440
126
23
132,697
196
86
2,544,721
39
23
664,761
298
21
692,826
54
21
7,338,619
32
2
899,000
37
4
1,671,184
8,921
7,390
11,973,125
698
525
1,850,415
3,669
409
2,630,269
Applies to CWS
Radionuclides
951
321
46,234
213
65
88,964
71
16
116,593
47
14
385,042
1,282
416
636,833
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Lead & Copper
10,014
6,408
908,727
2,108
1,414
1,768,611
398
300
1,709,964
252
193
4,548,905
37
20
13,818,216
12,809
8,335
22,754,423
Acronyms:
TCR/T = Total Coliform Rule/Turbidity
SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule
IE<1SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
DBP = Disinfectants By-Products Rule
VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHMs (which are listed in DBP Rule)
SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine)
Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite
-------
Underground Injection Control program-inventory of wells
Types of wells:
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Deep industrial waste disposal
For oil and natural gas production
Related to mineral recovery
Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs
Generally shallow disposal wells. There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally
Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions
The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics
Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells
State
AK
AL
AR
AS
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
GU
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
Ml
MN
MO
MP
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
Class 1
Hazardous
Waste Wei Is
5
1
3
5
6
17
8
4
Class I Non-
Hazardous
Waste Wei Is
18
9
18
5
179
1
10
43
1
27
20
1
4
1
6
Class II Wells
1,224
243
576
29,538
791
64
2
7,849
1,282
15,997
3,425
3,323
1,594
198
904
929
932
666
6,583
12
Class III
Facilities
1
3
1
3
4
17
5
1
19
Class III Wells
4
15
120
27
139
87
52
2,949
44
Class IV
Facilities
1
2
Class V Wells
1,820
365
202
27,749
17,080
1,233
534
94
1,026
54,727
7,344
202
5,180
1,485
11,807
9,440
7,724
5,880
11,399
131
1,356
13,692
1,868
8,934
2,744
7,573
36
1,025
632
19,018
574
669
5,125
1,847
2,370
897
-------
Underground Injection Control program-inventory of wells (cont.)
Types of wells:
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Deep industrial waste disposal
For oil and natural gas production
Related to mineral recovery
Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs
Generally shallow disposal wells. There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally
Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions
The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics
Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells
Class I Class I Non-
State
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
PR
Rl
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VI
VT
WA
Wl
WV
WY
Hazardous
Waste Wei Is
10
56
Hazardous
Waste Wei Is
9
53
1
50
Class II Wells
543
2,780
10,336
3
1,855
76
13
50,700
290
75
1
759
4,841
Class III
Facilities
6
4
1
1
82
1
1
3
3
Class III Wells
125
48
3
11
5,166
7
3
39
16,000
Class IV
Facilities
1
4
6
Class V Wells
30,036
17,151
590
35,220
13,337
2,274
952
13,607
181
1,720
23,357
5,219
12,303
71
1,237
26,390
1,850
3,373
1,448
115
456
148,404
156
24,839
14
424,098
Tribal Systems, by EPA Region
EPAR1
EPAR2
EPAR4
EPAR5
EPAR6
EPAR7
EPAR8
EPAR9
EPAR10
Class IV/V
Class I Wells Class II Wells Class III Wells Wells
1
13
2,432
909
383
26
76
650
1
16
50
326
814
3,737
1,959
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