United States Office of Water EPA816-R-01-010
Environmental Protection (4606) October 2001
Agency
&EPA Final State
Implementation
Guidance
for the
Public Notification
(PN) Rule
Appendices A - D
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Table of Contents
Appendix A.
State Primacy Revision Application Package for the PN Rule -
Example Format A-1
State Primacy Revision Checklist A-3
Text of State's Regulation A-4
Primacy Revision Crosswalk A-5
State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist A-41
Special Primacy Requirements A-42
Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability A-45
Revised Appendix A to Subpart O A-47
Appendix B.
State Primacy Revision Application Package for the PN and CCR Rules -
Example Format B-1
State Primacy Revision Checklist B-3
Text of State's Regulation B-4
Primacy Revision Crosswalk B-5
State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist B-29
Special Primacy Requirements B-30
Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability B-31
Appendix C.
SDWIS Reporting (Draft Final Version) C-1
Appendix D.
PN Rule Appendices D-1
NPDWR Violations and Other Situations Requiring Public Notice D-1
(Appendix A to Subpart Q of Part 141)
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification D-10
(Appendix B to Subpart Q of Part 141)
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Appendix A. State Primacy Revision Application
Package for the PN Rule - Example Format
This Appendix describes the elements of a State's Primacy Revision Application
package for the PN Rule. A State Primacy Revision Application package should
contain the following sections:
Section I. State Primacy Revision Checklist
•• Listing of program elements from 40 CFR 142.10 that the
State may have revised in response to the new rule.
Section II. Text of the State's Regulation
Section III. Primacy Revision Crosswalk
•• Identification of how State regulations correspond to each
requirement prescribed of the federal PN Rule.
Section IV. State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist
•• Explanation of how State reporting and recordkeeping
requirements are consistent with federal requirements.
Section V. Special Primacy Requirements
•• Explanation of how a State will address the special primacy
requirements identified in 40 CFR 142.16.
Section VI. Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability
•• Statement that State regulations can be enforced by the
State government.
Example formats for these sections are presented on the following pages.
After a State's primacy revision application has been approved, the Regional
Administrator must provide public notice and opportunity for hearing on EPA's
determination. The Regional Administrator is required to publish in the Federal Register
the proposed determination, along with a statement of supporting reasons, and
notification that a public hearing may be requested.
A-1
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Review of State Primacy Revision Application
for the
Public Notification (PN) Rule
CONTENTS:
1. § 142.10 Requirements - State Primacy Revision Checklist
2. Text of the State's Regulation
3. § 141 Requirements - Primacy Revision Crosswalk
4. § 142.14 and 15 - State Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
5. §142.16 - Special Primacy Requirements
6. Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability
State:
Date Application Submitted:
Date Review Completed:
EPA Region:
Review Staff:
A-2
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Section I. State Primacy Revision Checklist - Example Format
The State Primacy Revision Checklist is a listing of program elements from 40 CFR
142.10 that the State may have revised in response to the new rule. For the PN Rule,
most States will revise only §141.10(b)(6)(v) authority to require public water systems to
issue public notices.
State Primacy Revision Checklist
Required Program Elements
§142.10
§142.10(a)
§142.10(b)(1)
§142.10(b)(2)
§142.10(b)(3)
§142.10(b)(4)
§142.10(b)(5)
§142.10(b)(6)(i)
§142.10(b)(6)(ii)
Primary Enforcement
Regulations No Less Stringent
Maintain Inventory
Sanitary Survey Program
Laboratory Certification Program
Laboratory Capability
Plan Review Program
Authority to Apply Regulations
Authority to Sue in Courts of
Competent Jurisdiction
§142.1 0(b)(6)(iii) Right of Entry
§142.1 0(b)(6)(iv)
§142.10(b)(6)(v)
§142.1 0(b)(6)(vi)
§142.10(b)(6)(vii)
§142.10(c)
§142.10(d)
§142.10(e)
Authority to Require Records
Authority to Require Public
Notification
Authority to Assess Civil and
Criminal Penalties
Authority to Require CWSs to
Provide CCRs
Maintenance of Records
Variance/Exemption Conditions
Emergency Plans
Revision to
State
Program
(Yes or No)
EPA
Findings/Comments
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§142.10(f) Administrative Penalty Authority
Section II. Text of State's Regulation
The text of the State's regulation should be included in this section.
A-4
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Section III. Primacy Revision Crosswalk - Example Format
The Primacy Revision Crosswalk will be used by EPA in determining, section by
section, whether the State regulations are as stringent as the federal regulations.
The revised PN Rule amended the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) rule as
well as various provisions in 40 CFR Part 141 to be consistent with the final Public
Notification Regulation. All of the sections in 40 CFR Part 141 affected by these changes
are listed first in the PN crosswalk beginning on the following page.
A-5
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
SUBPART B - MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS
§141.11- Maximum Contaminant Levels for Inorganic Chemicals
The non-community water system is meeting
the public notification requirements under
§141.209, including continuous posting of the
fact that nitrate levels exceed 10 mg/l and the
potential health effects of exposure; and ....
§141.11(d)(2)
SUBPART C - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
§141.21 - Coliform Sampling; and
§141.22 -Turbidity Sampling and Analytical Requirements
Amended by revising "§141 .32" to read
"Subpart Q" in §141.21(g)(1) and (g)(2) and
§141.22(b)
§141.21(g)(1)
§141.21(g)(2)
§141.22(b)
§141.23 - Inorganic Chemical Sampling and Analytical Requirements
Amended by revising "§141 .32" to read
"Subpart Q" in §141 .23(n) and (o)
Where nitrate or nitrite sampling results
indicate an exceedance of the maximum
contaminant level, the system shall take a
confirmation sample within 24 hours of the
system's receipt of notification of the
analytical results of the first sample.
Systems unable to comply with the 24-hour
sampling requirement must immediately notify
persons served by the public water system in
accordance with §141.202 and meet other
Tier 1 public notification requirements under
Subpart Q of this part. Systems exercising
this option must take and analyze a
confirmation sample within two weeks of
notification of the analytical results of the first
sample.
§141.23(n)
§141.23(0)
§141.23(f)(2)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141 .24 - Organic Chemicals Other Than Total Trihalomethanes, Sampling and Analytical
Requirements
Amended by removing §141.24(f)(15)(iii)
and§141.24(h)(11)(iii)
§141.24(f)(15)(iii)
§141.24(h)(11)(iii)
§141.26 - Monitoring Frequency for Radioactivity in Community Water Systems; and
§141.30 -Total Trihalomethanes Sampling, Analytical, and Other Requirements
Amended by revising "§141 .32" to read
"SubpartQ"
§141.26(a)(4)
§141.26(b)(5)
§141.30(d)
SUBPART D - REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING
§141.31- Reporting Requirements
The public water system, within 10 days of
completing the public notification requirements
under Subpart Q of this part for the initial
public notice and any repeat notices, must
submit to the primacy agency a certification
that it has fully complied with the public
notification regulations. The public water
system must include with this certification a
representative copy of each type of notice
distributed, published, posted, and made
available to persons served by the system
and to the media.
§141.31(d)
§141.33 -Record Maintenance
Copies of public notices issued pursuant to
Subpart Q and certifications made to the
primacy agency pursuant to §141 .31 must be
kept for three years after issuance.
§141.33(e)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
SUBPART G - NATIONAL REVISED PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS:
MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS AND
MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS
§141.63 - Maximum Contaminant Levels for Microbiological Contaminants
Amended by revising "§141.32" to read
"SubpartQ" in§141.63(b)
§141.63(b)
SUBPART H - FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
§141.75 - Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the
system must consult with the primacy agency
as soon as practical, but no later than 24
hours after the exceedance is known, in
accordance with the public notification
requirements under §141 .203(b)(3).
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the
system must consult with the primacy agency
as soon as practical, but no later than 24
hours after the exceedance is known, in
accordance with the public notification
requirements under §141 .203(b)(3).
§141.75(a)(5)(ii)
§141.75(b)(3)(ii)
SUBPART L - DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,
AND DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
§141.133 -Compliance Requirements
Amended by revising "§141.32" to read
"Subpart Q" in §141.133(b)(1)(i), (b)(1(iii),
(b)(2), (b)(3),and(c)(1)(i)
Amended by revising"§141.32(a)(1)(iii)(E)"
(which appears twice) to read "Subpart Q"
in§141.133(c)(2)(i)
§141.133(b)(1)(i)
§141.133(b)(1)(iii)
§141.133(b)(2)
§141.133(b)(3)
§141.133(c)(1)(i)
§141.133(c)(2)(i)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
Amended by revising "§141.32(e)(78)" to
read"SubpartQ"in§141.133(c)(2)(ii)
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.133(c)(2)(ii)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
SUBPART O - CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
§141.153 - Content of the Reports
A report that contains data on contaminants
that EPA regulates using any of the following
terms must include the applicable definitions:
***
Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or
MRDLG: The level of a drinking water
disinfectant below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not
reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants
to control microbial contaminants.
Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL:
The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in
drinking water. There is convincing evidence
that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for
control of microbial contaminants.
Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level,
maximum residual disinfectant level, or
treatment technique (regulated contaminants).
The likely source(s) of detected contaminants
to the best of the operator's knowledge.
Specific information regarding contaminants
may be available in sanitary surveys and
source water assessments, and should be
used when available to the operator. If the
operator lacks specific information on the
likely source, the report must include one or
more of the typical sources for that
contaminant listed in Appendix A to this
subpart that are most applicable to the
system.
§141.153(c)(3)
§141.153(c)(3)(iii)
§141.153(c)(3)(iv)
§141.153(d)(1)(i)
§141.153(d)(4)(ix)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
The table(s) must clearly identify any data
indicating violations of MCLs, MRDLs, or
treatment techniques, and the report must
contain a clear and readily understandable
explanation of the violation including: the
length of the violation, the potential adverse
health effects, and actions taken by the
system to address the violation. To describe
the potential health effects, the system must
use the relevant language of Appendix A to
this subpart.
Lead and copper control requirements
prescribed by Supbart 1 of this part. For
systems that fail to take one or more actions
prescribed by §§ 141.80(d), 141.81, 141.82,
141 .83, or 141 .84, the report must include the
applicable language of Appendix A to this
subpart for lead, copper, or both.
Treatment techniques for acrylamide,
epichlorohydrin prescribed by Subpart K of
this part. For systems that violate the
requirements of Subpart K of this part, the
report must include the relevant language
from Appendix A to this subpart.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(d)(6)
§141.153(f)(3)
§141.153(f)(4)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141.154 - Required Additional Health Information
Community water systems that detect TTHM
above 0.080 mg/l, but below the MCL in
§141.12, as an annual average, monitored
and calculated under provisions of §141.30,
must include health effects language for
TTHMs prescribed by Appendix A.
§141.154(e)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141.155 - Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
Any system subject to this subpart must
retain copies of its Consumer Confidence
Report for no less than 3 years
§141.155(h)
Appendix A to Subpart O
Appendices A, B, and C to Subpart O
(published with the final CCR Rule) contained
various pieces of information about the
contaminants EPA regulates. Those 3
appendices are deleted and the information is
combined into a new, comprehensive
Appendix A to Subpart O.
The new Appendix A to Subpart O contains:
New regulatory and health effects
language from the Stage 1 D/DBP rule
that EPA published in December 1998.
Revised health effects language for
fluoride and fecal coliform/E. coli MCL
violations.
Revised Appendix A to Subpart O can
be found on page A-47, after the PN
crosswalk.
Appendices
A, B, and C
to Subpart O
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
SUBPART P - ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
§141.175 - Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 1 NTU in
representative samples of filtered water in a
system using conventional filtration treatment
or direct filtration, the system must consult
with the primacy agency as soon as practical,
but no later than 24 hours after the
exceedance is known, in accordance with the
public notification requirements under
§141.203(b)(3).
If at any time the turbidity in representative
samples of filtered water exceed the
maximum level set by the State under
§141.173(b) for filtration technologies other
than conventional filtration treatment, direct
filtration, slow sand filtration, or diatomaceous
earth filtration, the system must consult with
the primacy agency as soon as practical, but
no later than 24 hours after the exceedance is
known, in accordance with the public
notification requirements under
§141.203(b)(3).
§141.175(c)(1)
§141.175(c)(2)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
SUBPART Q - PUBLIC NOTIFICATION RULE
§141.201- General Public Notification Requirements
Who Must Give Public Notice?
Each owner or operator of a public water
system (community water systems, non-
transient non-community water systems, and
transient non-community water systems) must
give notice for all violations of national primary
drinking water regulations (NPDWR) and for
other situations, as listed in Table 1 to
§141.201 of the federal rule.
The term NPDWR violations is used in this
subpart to include violations of the maximum
contaminant level (MCL), maximum residual
disinfection level (MRDL), treatment
technique (TT), monitoring requirements, and
testing procedures in part 141.
(From Table 1 to §141. 201 -Violation
Categories and Other Situations Requiring a
Public Notice)
(1) NPDWR violations
(i) Failure to comply with an applicable
MCL or MRDL.
(ii) Failure to comply with a prescribed
TT.
(iii) Failure to perform water quality
monitoring, as required by the
drinking water regulations.
(iv) Failure to comply with testing
procedures as prescribed by a
drinking water regulation.
§141.201(a)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
(2) Variances and exemptions under
§§1415 and 1416ofSDWA.
(i) Operation under a variance or an
exemption.
(ii) Failure to comply with the
requirements of any schedule that
has been set under a variance or
exemption.
(3) Special public notices
(i) Occurrence of a waterborne disease
outbreak or other waterborne
emergency.
(ii) Exceedance of the nitrate MCL by
non-community water systems
(NCWSs), where granted permission
by the primacy agency under
141. 11(d) of this part.
(iii) Exceedance of the secondary
maximum contaminant level (SMCL)
for fluoride.
(iv) Availability of unregulated
contaminant monitoring data.
(v) Other violations and situations
determined by the primacy agency to
require a public notice under this
subpart, not already listed in
Appendix A.
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
What Type of Public Notice Is Required
for Each Violation or Situation?
Public notice requirements are divided into
three tiers to take into account the
seriousness of the violation or situation and of
any potential adverse health effects that may
be involved. The public notice requirements
for each violation or situation listed in Table 1
of this section are determined by the Tier to
which it is assigned. Table 2 of this section
provides the definition of each Tier. Appendix
A of this part identifies the tier assignment for
each specific violation or situation.
(From Table 2 to §141.201 - Definition of
Public Notice Tiers )
(1) Tier 1 public notice - required for NPDWR
violations and situations with significant
potential to have serious adverse effects
on human health as a result of short-term
exposure.
(2) Tier 2 public notice - required for all other
NPDWR violations and situations with
potential to have serious adverse effects
on human health.
(3) Tier 3 public notice - required for all other
NPDWR violations and situations not
included in Tier 1 and Tier 2.
Who Must Be Notified?
(1) Each PWS must provide public notice to
persons served by the water system, in
accordance with this subpart.
PWSs that sell or otherwise provide
drinking water to other PWSs (i.e., to
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.201(b)
§141.201(c)
§141.201(c)(1)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
consecutive systems) are required to give
public notice to the owner or operator of
the consecutive system. The consecutive
system is responsible for providing public
notice to the persons it serves.
(2) If a PWS has a violation in a portion of
the distribution system that is physically
or hydraulically isolated from other parts
of the distribution system, the primacy
agency may allow the system to limit
distribution of the public notice to only
persons served by that portion of the
system which is out of compliance.
Permission by the primacy agency for
limiting distribution must be granted in
writing.
(3) A copy of the notice must also be sent to
the primacy agency, in accordance with
the requirements under §141.31(d).
§141.201(c)(2)
§141.201(c)(3)
§141.202 - Tier 1 Public Notice Requirements - Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
Which Violations or Situations Require a
Tier 1 Public Notice?
Table 1 of this section lists the violation
categories and other situations requiring a
Tier 1 public notice. Appendix A to this
subpart identifies the Tier assignment for
each specific violation or situation.
(From Table 1 to §141.202 - Violation
Categories and Other Situations Requiring a
Tier 1 Public Notice)
(1) Violations of the MCL for total coliforms
when fecal coliform or E. coli are
present in the water distribution system
§141.202(a)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
(as specified in §141.63(b)), or when the
water system fails to test for fecal
coliforms or E. coli when any repeat
sample tests positive for coliform (as
specified in §141.21(e));
(2) Violation of the MCL for nitrate, nitrite, or
total nitrate and nitrite, as defined in
§141.62, or when the water system fails
to take a confirmation sample within 24
hours of the system's receipt of the first
sample showing an exceedance of the
nitrate or nitrite MCL, as specified in
§141.23(f)(2);
(3) Exceedance of the nitrate MCL by non-
community water systems, where
permitted to exceed the MCL by the
primacy agency under §141.11(d), as
required under§141.209;
(4) Violation of the MRDL for chlorine
dioxide, as defined in §141.65(a), when
one or more samples taken in the
distribution system the day following an
exceedance of the MRDL at the entrance
of the distribution system exceed the
MRDL, or when the water system does
not take the required samples in the
distribution system, as specified in
(5)
Violation of the turbidity MCL under
§141.13(b), where the primacy agency
determines after consultation that a Tier
1 notice is required or where consultation
does not take place within 24 hours after
the system learns of the violation;
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
(6) Violation of the Surface Water Treatment
Rule (SWTR) or Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR) treatment technique
requirement resulting from a single
exceedance of the maximum allowable
turbidity limit (as identified in Appendix A),
where the primacy agency determines
after consultation that a Tier 1 notice is
required or where consultation does not
take place within 24 hours after the
system learns of the violation;
(7) Occurrence of a waterborne disease
outbreak, as defined in §141.2, or other
waterborne emergency (such as a failure
or significant interruption in key water
treatment processes, a natural disaster
that disrupts the water supply or
distribution system, or a chemical spill or
unexpected loading of possible
pathogens into the source water that
significantly increases the potential for
drinking water contamination);
(8) Other violations or situations with
significant potential to have serious
adverse effects on human health as a
result of short-term exposure, as
determined by the primacy agency either
in its regulations or on a case-by-case
basis.
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
When is the Tier 1 Public Notice to be
Provided? What Additional Steps Are
Required?
PWSs must:
(1) Provide public notice as soon as practical
but no later than 24 hours after the
system learns of the violation;
(2) Initiate consultation with the primacy
agency as soon as practical, but no later
than 24 hours after the PWS learns of the
violation or situation, to determine
additional public notice requirements; and
(3) Comply with any additional public
notification requirements (including any
repeat notices or direction on the duration
of posted notices) that are established as
a result of the consultation with the
primacy agency. Such requirements may
include the timing, form, manner,
frequency, and content of repeat notices
(if any) and other actions designed to
reach all persons served.
What is the Form and Manner of the
Public Notice?
PWSs must provide the notice within 24 hours
in a form and manner reasonably calculated
to reach all persons served. The form and
manner used by the PWS are to fit the
specific situation, but must be designed to
reach residential, transient, and non-transient
users of the water system.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.202(b)
§141.202(b)(1)
§141.202(b)(2)
§141.202(b)(3)
§141.202(c)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
In order to reach all persons served, water
systems are to use, at a minimum, one or
more of the following forms of delivery:
(1) Appropriate broadcast media (such as
radio and television);
(2) Posting of the notice in conspicuous
locations throughout the area served by
the water system;
(3) Hand delivery of the notice to persons
served by the water system; or
(4) Another delivery method approved in
writing by the primacy agency.
§141.202(c)(1)
§141.202(c)(2)
§141.202(c)(3)
§141.202(c)(4)
§141.203 - Tier 2 Public Notice Requirements - Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
Which Violations or Situations Require a
Tier 2 Public Notice?
Table 1 of this section lists the violation
categories and other situations requiring a
Tier 2 public notice. Appendix A to this
subpart identifies the tier assignment for each
specific violation or situation.
(From Table 1 to §141.203 - Violation
Categories and Other Situations Requiring a
Tier 2 Public Notice)
(1) All violations of the MCL, MRDL, and
treatment technique requirements, except
where a Tier 1 notice is required under
§141.202(a) or where the primacy
agency determines that a Tier 1 notice is
required;
(2) Violations of the monitoring and testing
procedure requirements, where the
primacy agency determines that a Tier 2
§141.203(a)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
rather than a Tier 3 public notice is
required, taking into account potential
health impacts and persistence of the
violation; and
(3) Failure to comply with the terms and
conditions of any variance or exemption in
place.
When is the Tier 2 Public Notice to be
Provided?
(1) PWSs must provide public notice as soon
as practical, but no later than 30 days
after the system learns of the violation.
If the public notice is posted, the notice
must remain in place for as long as the
violation or situation persists, but in no
case for less than seven days, even if the
violation or situation is resolved. The
primacy agency may, in appropriate
circumstances, allow additional time for
the initial notice of up to three months
from the date the system learns of the
violation. Extensions granted by the
primacy agency must be in writing.
(2) The PWS must repeat the notice every
three months, as long as the violation or
situation persists, unless the primacy
agency determines that appropriate
circumstances warrant a different repeat
notice frequency.
In no circumstance may the repeat notice
be given less frequently than once per
year. Primacy agency determinations
allowing repeat notices to be given less
frequently than once every three months
must be in writing.
§141.203(b)
§141.203(b)(1)
§141.203(b)(2)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
(3) For the turbidity violations specified in this
paragraph, PWSs must consult with the
primacy agency as soon as practical but
no later than 24 hours after the PWS
learns of the violation, to determine
whether a Tier 1 public notice under
§141.202(a) is required to protect public
health.
When consultation does not take place
within the 24-hour period, the water
system must distribute a Tier 1 notice of
the violation within the next 24 hours (i.e.,
no later than 48 hours after the system
learns of the violation), following the
requirements under §141.202(b) and (c).
Consultation with the primacy agency is
required for:
(i) Violation of the turbidity MCL under
§141.13(b); or
(ii) Violation of the SWTR or IESWTR
treatment technique requirement
resulting from a single exceedance of
the maximum allowable turbidity limit.
§141.203(b)(3)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
What is the Form and Manner of the
Tier 2 Public Notice?
PWSs must provide the initial public notice
and any repeat notices in a form and manner
that is reasonably calculated to reach
persons served in the required time period.
The form and manner of the public notice may
vary based on the specific situation and type
of water system, but it must at a minimum
meet the following requirements:
(1) Unless directed otherwise by the
primacy agency in writing, a CWS must
provide notice by:
(i) Mail or other direct delivery to each
customer receiving a bill and to other
service connections to which water is
delivered by the PWS; and
(ii) Any other method reasonably
calculated to reach other persons
regularly served by the system, if
they would not normally be reached
by the notice required in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section.
Such persons may include those who
do not pay water bills or do not have
service connection addresses (e.g.
house renters, apartment dwellers,
university students, nursing home
patients, prison inmates, etc.)
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.203(c)
§141.203(c)(1)
§141.203(c)(1)(i)
§141.203(c)(1)(ii)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
Other methods may include:
publication in a local newspaper;
delivery of multiple copies for
distribution by customers that provide
drinking water to others (e.g.
apartment building owners or large
private employers); posting in public
places served by the system or on
the Internet; or delivery to community
organizations.
(2) Unless otherwise directed by the primacy
agency in writing, a NCWS must provide
notice by:
(i) Posting the notice in conspicuous
locations throughout the distribution
system frequented by persons
served by the system, or by mail or
direct delivery to each customer and
service connection (where known);
and
(ii) Any other method reasonably
calculated to reach other persons
served by the system if they would
not normally be reached by the
notice required in paragraph (c)(2)(i)
of this section.
Such persons may include those
served who may not see a posted
notice because the posted notice is
not in a location they routinely pass
by. Other methods may include:
publication in a local newspaper or
newsletter distributed to customers;
use of E-mail to notify employees or
students; or delivery of multiple
copies in central locations (e.g.,
community centers).
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.203(c)(2)
§141.203(c)(2)(i)
§141.203(c)(2)(ii)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141.204 -Tier 3 Public Notice Requirements - Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
Which Violations or Situations Require a
TierS Public Notice?
Table 1 of this section list the violation
categories and other situations requiring a
Tier 3 public notice. Appendix A to this
subpart identifies the tier assignment for
each specific violation or situation.
(From Table 1 to §141.204 -Violation
Categories and Other Situations Requiring a
TierS Public Notice)
(1) Monitoring violations under 40 CFR part
141, except where a Tier 1 notice is
required under §141. 202(a) or where the
primacy agency determines that a Tier 2
notice is required;
(1) Failure to comply with a testing
procedure established in 40 CFR part
141, except where Tier 1 notice is
required under §141. 202(a) or where the
primacy agency determines that a Tier 2
notice is required;
(2) Operation under a variance granted
under section 1415 or exemption granted
under section 1416 of the Safe Drinking
Water Act;
(3) Availability of unregulated contaminant
monitoring results, as required under
§141.207; and
(4) Exceedance of the fluoride SMCL, as
required under§141.208.
§141.204(a)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
When is the Tier 3 Public Notice to be
Provided?
(1) PWSs must provide the public notice not
later than one year after the PWS learns
of the violation or situation or begins
operating under a variance or exemption.
Following the initial notice the PWS must
repeat the notice annually for as long as
the violation, variance, exemption, or
other situation persists.
If the public notice is posted, the notice
must remain in place for as long as the
violation, variance, exemption, or other
situation persists, but in no case less than
seven days (even if the violation or
situation is resolved).
(2) Instead of individual Tier 3 public notices,
a PWS may use an annual report
detailing all violations and situations that
occurred during the previous twelve
months, as long as the timing
requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this
section are met.
What is the Form and Manner of the
TierS Public Notice?
PWSs must provide the initial notice and any
repeat notices in a form and manner that is
reasonably calculated to reach persons
served in the required time period. The form
and manner of the public notice may vary
based on the specific situation and type of
water system, but it must at a minimum meet
the following requirements:
(1) Unless directed otherwise by the primacy
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.204(b)
§141.204(b)(1)
§141.204(b)(2)
§141.204(c)
§141.204(c)(1)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
agency in writing, community water
systems must provide notice by:
(i) Mail or other direct delivery to each
customer receiving a bill and to other
service connections to which water is
delivered by the PWS; and
(ii) Any other method reasonably
calculated to reach other persons
regularly served by the system, if
they would not normally be reached
by the notice required in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section.
Such persons may include those who
do not pay water bills or do not have
service connection addresses (e.g.,
house renters, apartment dwellers,
university students, nursing home
patients, prison inmates, etc..).
Other methods may include:
publication in a local newspaper;
delivery of multiple copies for
distribution by customers that provide
their drinking water to others (e.g.,
apartment building owners or large
private employers); posting in public
places or on the Internet; or delivery
to community organizations.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.204(c)(1)(i)
§141.204(c)(1)(ii)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
(2) Unless otherwise directed by the primacy
agency in writing, a NCWS must provide
notice by:
(i) Posting the notice in conspicuous
locations throughout the distribution
system frequented by persons
served by the system, or by mail or
direct delivery to each customer and
service connection (where known);
and
(ii) Any other method reasonably
calculated to reach other persons
served by the system, if they would
not normally be reached by the
notice required in paragraph (c)(2)(i)
of this section.
Such persons may include those who
may not see a posted notice
because the notice is not in a location
they routinely pass by.
Other methods may include:
publication in a local newspaper or
newsletter distributed to customers;
use of E-mail to notify employees or
students; or, delivery of multiple
copies in central locations (e.g.,
community centers).
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.204(c)(2)
§141.204(c)(2)(i)
§141.204(c)(2)(ii)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
In What Situations May the Consumer
Confidence Report (CCR) Be Used to Meet
the Tier 3 Public Notice Requirements?
For community water systems, the CCR
required under subpart O of this part may be
used as a vehicle for the initial Tier 3 public
notice and all required repeat notices, as long
as:
(1) The CCR is provided to persons
served no later than 12 months after
the system learns of the violation or
situation as required under
§141.204(b);
(2) The Tier 3 notice contained in the
CCR follows the content
requirements under§141.205; and
(3) The CCR is distributed following the
delivery requirements under
§141.204(c).
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.204(d)
§141.204(d)(1)
§141.204(d)(2)
§141.204(d)(3)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141.205 - Content of the Public Notice
What Elements Must Be Included in the
Public Notice for Violations of NPDWR or
Other Situations Requiring a Public
Notice?
When a PWS violates a NPDWR or has a
situation requiring public notification, each
public notice must include the following
elements:
(1) A description of the violation or situation,
including the contaminant(s) of concern,
and (as applicable) the contaminant
level(s);
(2) When the violation or situation
occurred;
(3) Any potential adverse health effects from
the violation or situation, including the
standard language under paragraph
(d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section, whichever
is applicable;
(4) The population at risk, including
subpopulations particularly vulnerable if
exposed to the contaminant in their
drinking water;
(5) Whether alternative water supplies
should be used;
(6) What actions consumers should take,
including when they should seek
medical help, if known;
(7) What the system is doing to correct the
violation or situation;
§141.205(a)
§141.205(a)(1)
§141.205(a)(2)
§141.205(a)(3)
§141.205(a)(4)
§141.205(a)(5)
§141.205(a)(6)
§141.205(a)(7)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
(8) When the water system expects to
return to compliance or resolve the
situation;
(9) The name, business address, and phone
number of the water system owner,
operator, or designee of the PWS as a
source of additional information
concerning the notice; and
(10) A statement to encourage the notice
recipient to distribute the public notice to
other persons served, using the standard
language under paragraph (d)(3) of this
section, where applicable.
What Elements Must Be Included in the
Public Notice for PWSs Operating Under
a Variance or Exemption?
(1) If a PWS has been granted a variance or
an exemption, the public notice must
contain:
(i) An explanation of the reasons for the
variance or exemption;
(ii) The date on which the variance or
exemption was issued;
(iii) A brief status report on the steps the
system is taking to install treatment,
find alternative sources of water, or
otherwise comply with the terms and
schedules of the variance or
exemption; and
(iv) A notice of any opportunity for public
input in the review of the variance or
exemption.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.205(a)(8)
§141.205(a)(9)
§141.205(a)(10)
§141.205(b)
§141.205(b)(1)(i)
§141.205(b)(1)(ii)
§141.205(b)(1)(iii)
§141.205(b)(1)(iv)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
(2) If a PWS violates the conditions of a
variance or exemption, the public notice
must contain the ten elements listed in
paragraph (a) of this section.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.205(b)(2)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
How is the Public Notice to be Presented?
(1 ) Each public notice required by this
section:
(i) Must be displayed in a conspicuous
way when printed or posted;
(ii) Must not contain overly technical
language or very small print;
(iii) Must not be formatted in a way that
defeats the purpose of the notice;
and
(iv) Must not contain language which
nullifies the purpose of the notice.
(2) Each public notice required by this
section must comply with multilingual
requirements, as follows:
(i) For PWSs serving a large proportion
of non-English speaking consumers,
as determined by the primacy
agency, the public notice must
contain information in the appropriate
language(s) regarding the
importance of the notice or contain a
telephone number or address where
persons served may contact the
water system to obtain a translated
copy of the notice or to request
assistance in the appropriate
language.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.205(c)
§141.205(c)(1)(i)
§141.205(c)(1)(ii)
§141.205(c)(1)(iii)
§141.205(c)(1)(iv)
§141.205(c)(2)
§141.205(c)(2)(i)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
(ii) In cases where the primacy agency
has not determined what constitutes
a large proportion of non-English
speaking consumers, the PWS must
include in the public notice, the same
information as in paragraph (c)(2)(i)
of this section, where appropriate to
reach a large proportion of non-
English speaking persons served by
the water system.
What Standard Language Must PWSs
Include in Their Public Notice?
PWSs are required to include the following
standard language in their public notice:
(1) Standard health effects language for
MCL or MRDL violations, treatment
technique violations, and violations of the
condition of a variance or exemption.
PWSs must include in each public notice
the health effects language specified in
Appendix B to this subpart corresponding
to each MCL, MRDL, and treatment
technique violation listed in Appendix A to
this subpart, and for each violation of a
condition of a variance or exemption.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.205(c)(2)(ii)
§141.205(d)
§141.205(d)(1)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
(2) Standard language for monitoring and
testing procedure violations.
PWSs must include the following
language in their notice, including the
language necessary to fill in the blanks,
for all monitoring and testing procedure
violations listed in Appendix A to this
subpart:
"We are required to monitor your
drinking water for specific contaminants
on a regular basis. Results of regular
monitoring are an indicator of whether or
not your drinking water meets health
standards. During [compliance period],
we ['did not monitor or test' or 'did not
complete all monitoring or testing'] for
[contaminant(s)], and therefore cannot
be sure of the quality of your drinking
water during that time."
(3) Standard language to encourage the
distribution of the public notice to all
persons served.
PWSs must include in their notice the
following language (where applicable):
"Please share this information with all
the other people who drink this water,
especially those who may not have
received this notice directly (for
example, people in apartments, nursing
homes, schools, and businesses). You
can do this by posting this notice in a
public place or distributing copies by
hand or mail."
§141.205(d)(2)
§141.205(d)(3)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141.206 - Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
What is the Requirement for Community
Water Systems?
CWSs must give a copy of the most recent
public notice for any continuing violation, the
existence of a variance or exemption, or other
ongoing situations requiring public notice to all
new billing units or new customers prior to or
at the time service begins.
What is the Requirement for
Non-Community Water Systems?
NCWSs must continuously post the public
notice in conspicuous locations in order to
inform new consumers of any continuing
violation, variance or exemption, or other
situation requiring a public notice for as long
as the violation, variance, exemption, or other
situation persists.
§141.206(a)
§141.206(b)
§141 .207- Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Results
When is the Special Notice to be Given?
The owner or operator of a community water
system or non-transient, non-community
water system required to monitor under
§141.40 must notify persons served by the
system of the availability of the results of
such sampling no later than 12 months after
the monitoring results are known.
§141.207(a)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
What is the Form and Manner of the
Special Notice?
The form and manner of the public notice
must follow the requirements for a Tier 3
public notice prescribed in §§141.204(c),
(d)(1), and (d)(3). The notice must also
identify a person and provide the telephone
number to contact for information on the
monitoring results.
§141.207(b)
§141.208- Special Notice for Exceedance of the SMCL for Fluoride
When is the Special Notice to be Given?
CWSs that exceed the fluoride SMCL of 2
mg/l as specified in §143.3 (determined by
the last single sample taken in accordance
with §141.23), but do not exceed the MCL of
4 mg/l for fluoride (as specified in §141.62),
must provide the public notice in paragraph
(c) of this section to persons served. Public
notice must be provided as soon as practical
but no later than 12 months from the day the
water system learns of the exceedance.
A copy of the notice must also be sent to all
new billing units and new customers at the
time service begins and to the State public
health officer. The PWS must repeat the
notice at least annually for as long as the
SMCL is exceeded. If the public notice is
posted, the notice must remain in place for as
long as the SMCL is exceeded, but in no
case less than seven days (even if the
exceedance is eliminated). On a case-by-
case basis, the primacy agency may require
an initial notice sooner than 12 months and
repeat notices more frequently than annually.
§141.208(a)
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
What is the Form and Manner of the
Special Notice?
The form and manner of the public notice
(including repeat notices) must follow the
requirements for a Tier 3 public notice in
§§141.204(c), (d)(1), and (d)(3).
What Mandatory Language Must Be
Contained in the Special Notice?
The notice must contain the following
language, including the language necessary to
fill in the blanks:
'"This is an alert about your drinking
water and a cosmetic dental problem that
might affect children under nine years of
age. At low levels, fluoride can help
prevent cavities, but children drinking
water containing more than 2 milligrams
per liter (mg/l) of fluoride may develop
cosmetic discoloration of their
permanent teeth (dental fluorosis). The
drinking water provided by your
community water system [name] has a
fluoride concentration of [insert value]
mg/l.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.208(b)
§141.208(c)
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
Dental fluorosis, in its moderate or
severe forms, may result in a brown
staining and/or pitting of the permanent
teeth. This problem occurs only in
developing teeth, before they erupt from
the gums. Children under nine should
be provided with alternative sources of
drinking water or water that has been
treated to remove the fluoride to avoid
the possibility of staining and pitting of
their permanent teeth. You may also
want to contact your dentist about proper
use by young children of fluoride-
containing products. Older children and
adults may safely drink the water.
Drinking water containing more than 4
mg/l of fluoride (the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's drinking water
standard) can increase your risk of
developing bone disease. Your drinking
water does not contain more than 4 mg/l
of fluoride, but we're required to notify
you when we discover that the fluoride
levels in your drinking water exceed 2
mg/l because of this cosmetic dental
problem.
For more information, please call [name
of your water system contact] of [name
of community water system] at [phone
number]. Some home water treatment
units are also available to remove
fluoride from drinking water. To learn
more about available home water
treatment units, you may call NSF
International at 1-877-NSF-HELP."
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
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FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141 .209 - Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedances Above MCL by Non-Community Water
Systems (NCWS), Where Granted Permission by the Primacy Agency under
§141.11(d)
When is the Special Notice to be Given?
The owner or operator of a non-community
water system granted permission by the
primacy agency under §141.1 1(d) to exceed
the nitrate MCL must provide notice to
persons served according to the requirements
for a Tier 1 notice under §141 .202(a) and (b).
What is the Form and Manner of the
Special Notice?
Non-community water systems granted
permission by the primacy agency to exceed
the nitrate MCL under §141.11(d) must
provide continuous posting of the fact that
nitrate levels exceed 10 mg/l and the potential
health effects of exposure, according to the
requirements for Tier 1 notice delivery under
§141.202(c) and the content requirements
under§141.205.
§141.209(a)
§141.209(b)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the PN Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document
title; page #;
and
§or H
If different
than federal
requirement
note here and
explain on
separate
sheet
§141.210 - Notice By Primacy Agency On Behalf of the Public Water System
May the Primacy Agency Give Notice on
Behalf of the PWS?
The primacy agency may give the notice
required by this subpart on behalf of the
owner and operator of the PWS if the
primacy agency complies with the
requirements of this subpart.
What is the Responsibility of the PWS
When Notice is Given by the Primacy
Agency?
The owner or operator of the PWS remains
responsible for ensuring that the requirements
of this subpart are met.
§141.210(a)
§141.210(b)
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Section IV. State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist -
Example Format
States can use this form to explain how State reporting and recordkeeping
requirements are consistent with federal requirements for recordkeeping, 40 CFR 142.14,
and reporting 40 CFR 142.15. If the State's provisions differ from federal requirements,
the State can use this form to explain how their requirements are no less stringent.
State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist
Requirement
Are State Policies Consistent with
Federal Requirements? If Not, Explain
§142.14(f) - Records Kept by States
Public notification records under Subpart Q
of Part 141 received from public water
systems (including the certifications and
copies of the public notice) and any State
determinations establishing alternative public
notification requirements for the water
systems must be retained for three years.
§142.15(a)(1)
New violations by public water systems in the
State during the previous quarter of State
regulations adopted to incorporate the
requirements of national primary drinking
water regulations, including violations of the
public notification requirements under
Subpart Q of Part 141.
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Section V. Special Primacy Requirements - Example Format
In this section, States must describe how they will address each special primacy
requirement. To complete the special primacy requirements section, the State should fill
out the first blank column with a "Yes" or " No" answer, to indicate whether those
provisions are being adopted at the State level. For all "Yes" answers, further explanation
should be provided. (Refer to Section III, Special Primacy Requirements of the PN Rule,
in the main body of the Implementation Guidance for additional information on how States
may choose to meet these requirements.)
Special Primacy Requirements Checklist
Requirement
Applicable to State?
(Yes or No)
If Yes, Provide Further Description
§142.16(a)(1):
At its option, a State may, by rule, and after
notice and comment, establish alternative
public notification requirements with respect to
the form and content of the public notice
required under subpart Q of part 141.
The alternative requirements must provide the
same type and amount of information required
under subpart Q and must be designed to
achieve an equivalent level of public notice of
violations as would be achieved under subpart
Q of part 141.
§142.16(a)(2):
As part of the revised primacy program, a
State must also establish enforceable
requirements and procedures when the State
opts to add to or change the minimum
requirements under:
(i) Table 1 to 40 CFR 141.201(3) (Item 3v) -
To require public water systems to give a
public notice for violations or situations
other than those listed in Appendix A of
Subpart Q of Part 141 of the rule.
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Special Primacy Requirements Checklist
Requirement
Applicable to State?
(Yes or No)
If Yes, Provide Further Description
(ii) 40 CFR 141.20KG)(2) - To allow public
water systems, under the specific
circumstances listed in §141.201(c)(2), to
limit the distribution of the public notice to
persons served by the portion of the
distribution system that is out of
compliance.
(iii) Table 1 of 40 CFR 141.202(3) (Items 5. 6.
and 8) - To require public water systems
to give a Tier 1 public notice (rather than a
Tier 2 or Tier 3 notice) for violations or
situations listed in Appendix A of Subpart
Q of Part 141 of the rule.
(iv) 40 CFR 141.202(b)(3) - To require
public water systems to comply with
additional Tier 1 public notification
requirements set by the State
subsequent to the initial 24-hour Tier 1
notice, as a result of their consultation
with the State required under
§141.202(b)(2).
(v) 40 CFR 141.202(0). 141.203(c) and
141.204(c) - To require a different form
and manner of delivery for Tier 1, 2 and 3
public notices.
(vi) Table 1 to 40 CFR 141.203(a) (Item 2)
- To require the public water systems
to provide a Tier 2 public notice (rather
than Tier 3) for monitoring or testing
procedure violations specified by the
State.
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Special Primacy Requirements Checklist
Requirement
Applicable to State?
(Yes or No)
If Yes, Provide Further Description
(vii) 40CFR 141.203(^(1) - To grant public
water systems an extension up to three
months for distributing the Tier 2 public
notice in appropriate circumstances
(other than those specifically excluded
in the rule).
(viii) 40 CFR 141.203(^(2) - To grant a
different repeat notice frequency for
the Tier 2 public notice in appropriate
circumstances (other than those
specifically excluded in the rule), but no
less frequently than once per year.
(ix) 40 CFR 141.203(b)(3) - To respond within
24 hours to a request for consultation by
the public water system to determine
whether a Tier 1 (rather than a Tier 2)
notice is required for a turbidity MCL
violation under §141.13(b) or a
SWTR/IESWTR TT violation due to a
single exceedance of the maximum
allowable turbidity limit.
(x) 40 CFR 141.205(c)(2) - To determine the
specific multilingual requirement for a
public water system, including defining
"large proportion of non-English-speaking
consumers."
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Section VI. Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability -
Example Format
Model Language
I hereby certify, pursuant to my authority as (1) and in
accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act as amended, and (2) ,
that in my opinion the laws of the [State/Commonwealth] of (3) [or
Tribal ordinances of (4) ] to carry out the program set forth in the "Program
Description" submitted by the (5) have been duly adopted and are
enforceable. The specific authorities provided are contained in statutes or regulations that
are lawfully adopted at the time this Statement is approved and signed and will be fully
effective by the time the program is approved.
Guidance and Model Language For States on Audit Privilege and/or Immunity Laws
In order for EPA to properly evaluate the State's request for approval, the State Attorney
General or independent legal counsel should certify that the State's environmental audit immunity
and/or privilege and immunity law does not affect its ability to meet enforcement and information
gathering requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act. This certification should be
reasonably consistent with the wording of the State audit laws and should demonstrate how State
program approval criteria are satisfied.
EPA will apply the criteria outlined in its "Statement of Principles" memo issued on February 14,
1997 in determining whether States with audit laws have retained adequate enforcement authority
for any authorized federal programs. The principles articulated in the guidance are based on the
requirements of federal law, specifically the enforcement and compliance and State program
approval provisions of environmental statutes and their corresponding regulations. The
Principles provide that if provisions of State law are ambiguous, it will be important to obtain
opinions from the State Attorney General or independent legal counsel interpreting the law as
meeting specific federal requirements. If the law cannot be so interpreted, changes to State laws
may be necessary to obtain federal program approval. Before submitting a package for
approval, States with audit privilege and/or immunity laws should initiate communications with
appropriate EPA Regional offices to identify and discuss the issues raised by the State's audit
privilege and/or immunity law.
Model Language for States with No Audit Privilege and/or Immunity Laws
Furthermore, I certify that [State/Commonwealth] of (3) has not
enacted any environmental audit privilege and/or immunity laws.
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Model Language For States with Audit Laws that Do Not Apply to the State Agency
Administering the Safe Drinking Water Act
Furthermore, I certify that the environmental [audit privilege and/or immunity law] of the
[State/ Commonwealth] of (3) does not affect (3)
ability to meet enforcement and information gathering requirements under the Safe
Drinking Water Act because the [audit privilege and/or immunity law] does not apply to
the program set forth in the "Program Description." The Safe Drinking Water Act program
set forth in the "Program Description" is administered by (5) ; the
[audit privilege and/or immunity law] does not affect programs implemented by
(5) , thus the program set forth in the "Program Description" is
unaffected by the provisions of [State/Commonwealth] of (3) [audit
privilege and/or immunity law].
Model Language For States with Audit Privilege and/or Immunity Laws that Worked
with EPA to Satisfy Requirements for Federally Authorized. Delegated or Approved
Environmental Programs.
Furthermore, I certify that the environmental [audit privilege and/or immunity law] of the
[State / Commonwealth] of (3) does not affect (3)
ability to meet enforcement and information gathering requirements under the Safe
Drinking Water Act because [State/Commonwealth] of (3) has
enacted statutory revisions and/or issued a clarifying Attorney General's statement to
satisfy requirements for federally authorized, delegated or approved environmental
programs.
Seal of Office
Signature
Name and Title
Date
(1) Attorney General or attorney for primacy agency if it has independent legal counsel
(2) 40 CFR 142.12(c)(1)(iii) for final requests for approval of program revisions
(3) Name of State or Commonwealth
(4) Name of Tribe
(5) Name of Primacy Agency
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Appendix A to Subpart O - Regulated Contaminants
Key
AL=Action Level
MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL=million fibers per liter
MRDL=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
MRDLG=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation
absorbed by the body)
N/A=Not Applicable
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units
(a measure of water clarity)
pCi/l=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/l)
ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms
per liter (|jg/l)
ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per
liter
ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms
per liter
TT=Treatment Technique
Contaminant
(units)
Traditional To convert MCL in
MCLin for OCR, CCR
mg/L multiply by units
MCLG
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Health Effects Language
Microbiological Contaminants
Total Coliform
Bacteria
Fecal coliform and
MCL: (systems that collect >40
samples/ month) 5% of monthly
samples are positive; (systems that
collect < 40 samples/ month) 1
positive monthly sample
0
0
0
Naturally present in the
environment
Human and animal fecal
Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally
present in the environment and are used as an
indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were found in more
samples than allowed and this was a warning
of potential problems.
Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose
presence indicates that the water may be
contaminated with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term
effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea,
headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose
a special health risk for infants, young children,
some of the elderly, and people with severely-
compromised immune systems.
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Contaminant
(units)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
MCLin
CCR
units
MCLG
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Health Effects Language
Total organic carbon
(ppm)
TT
TT
n/a
Naturally present in the
environment
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health
effects. However, total organic carbon
provides a medium for the formation of
disinfection by products. These byproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic
acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these
byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to
adverse health effects, liver or kidney
problems, or nervous system effects, and may
lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
Turbidity (NTU)
TT
TT
n/a
Soil runoff
Turbidity has no health effects. However,
turbidity can interfere with disinfection and
provide a medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-
causing organisms. These organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea
and associated headaches.
Radioactive Contaminants
Beta/photon emitters
(mrem/yr)
4 mrem/yr
0*
Effective
12/8/03
Decay of natural and man-
made deposits
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit
forms of radiation known as photons and beta
radiation. Some people who drink water
containing beta and photon emitters in excess
of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Alpha emitters
(pCi/l)
15pCi/l
15
0*
Effective
12/8/03
Erosion of natural
deposits
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit
a form of radiation known as alpha radiation.
Some people who drink water containing alpha
emitters in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
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Contaminant
(units)
Combined radium
(pCi/l)
Uranium
(M9/1)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
5 pCi/l
30 ug/i*
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
-
-
MCLin
CCR
units
5
30*
MCLG
0*
Effective
12/8/03
0*
* Uranium MCL and MCLG are effective
December 8, 2003.
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Erosion of natural
deposits
Erosion of natural
deposits
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
uranium in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer
and kidney toxicity.
Inorganic Contaminants
Antimony (ppb)
Arsenic (ppb)
Asbestos (MFL)
Barium (ppm)
.006
0.01*
1000
1000
6
10*
6
0*
* Arsenic values are effective January 23, 2006.
Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/l (50 ppb) and
there is no MCLG.
7 MFL
2
-
-
7
2
7
2
Discharge from petroleum
refineries; fire retardants;
ceramics; electronics;
solder
Erosion of natural
deposits; Runoff from
orchards; Runoff from
glass and electronics
production wastes
Decay of asbestos
cement water mains;
Erosion of natural
deposits
Discharge of drilling
wastes; Discharge from
metal refineries; Erosion
of natural deposits
Some people who drink water containing
antimony well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
Some people who drink water containing
arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience skin damage or problems with
their circulatory system, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
asbestos in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of developing
benign intestinal polyps.
Some people who drink water containing
barium in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience an increase in their blood
pressure.
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Contaminant
(units)
Beryllium (ppb)
Bromate1
(PPb)
Cadmium (ppb)
Chloramines1
(ppm)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.004
.010
.005
MRDL
= 4
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
1000
1000
-
MCLin
CCR
units
4
10
5
MRDL
= 4
MCLG
4
0
5
MRDLG
= 4
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Discharge from metal
refineries and coal-burning
factories; Discharge from
electrical, aerospace, and
defense industries
By-product of drinking
water chlorination
Corrosion of galvanized
pipes; Erosion of natural
deposits; Discharge from
metal refineries; Runoff
from waste batteries and
paints
Water additive used to
control microbes
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many
years could develop intestinal lesions.
Some people who drink water containing
bromate in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
cadmium in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney damage.
Some people who use water containing
chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water containing
chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could
experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
The PN Rule published in the Federal Register on May 4, 2000 updated Appendix A of the CCR Rule. Information for this contaminant was
incorrectly placed in the volatile organic contaminants section of Appendix A instead of the inorganic contaminants section. EPA will publish a
technical correction to the rule to correct this error.
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Contaminant
(units)
Chlorine1
(ppm)
Chlorine dioxide1
(PPb)
Chlorite1
(ppm)
Chromium (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
MRDL
= 4
MRDL
= .8
1
.1
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
-
1000
-
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
MRDL
= 4
MRDL
= 800
1
100
MCLG
MRDLG
= 4
MRDLG
= 800
0.8
100
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Water additive used to
control microbes
Water additive used to
control microbes
By-product of drinking
water chlorination
Discharge from steel and
pulp mills; Erosion of
natural deposits
Health Effects Language
Some people who use water containing chlorine
well in excess of the MRDL could experience
irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some
people who drink water containing chlorine well
in excess of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
Some infants and young children who drink
water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of
the MRDL could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of
pregnant women who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some
people may experience anemia.
Some infants and young children who drink
water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL
could experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant
women who drink water containing chlorite in
excess of the MCL. Some people may
experience anemia.
Some people who use water containing
chromium well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience allergic dermatitis.
The PN Rule published in the Federal Register on May 4, 2000 updated Appendix A of the CCR Rule. Information for this contaminant was
incorrectly placed in the volatile organic contaminants section of Appendix A instead of the inorganic contaminants section. EPA will publish a
technical correction to the rule to correct this error.
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Contaminant
(units)
Copper (ppm)
Cyanide (ppb)
Fluoride (ppm)
Lead (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
AL=1.3
.2
4
AL=.015
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
-
1000
"
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
AL=1.3
200
4
AL=15
MCLG
1.3
200
4
0
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Corrosion of household
plumbing systems;
Erosion of natural
deposits; Leaching from
wood preservatives
Discharge from
steel/metal factories;
Discharge from plastic
and fertilizer factories
Erosion of natural
deposits; Water additive
which promotes strong
teeth; Discharge from
fertilizer and aluminum
factories
Corrosion of household
plumbing systems;
Erosion of natural
deposits
Health Effects Language
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some
people who drink water containing copper in
excess of the action level over a relatively short
amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some people who
drink water containing copper in excess of the
action level over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with Wilson's
Disease should consult their personal doctor.
Some people who drink water containing
cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience nerve damage or
problems with their thyroid.
Some people who drink water containing
fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years
could get bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking
water at half the MCL or more may cause
mottling of children's teeth, usually in children
less than nine years old. Mottling, also known
as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining
and/or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in
developing teeth before they erupt from the
gums.
Infants and children who drink water containing
lead in excess of the action level could
experience delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show slight
deficits in attention span and learning abilities.
Adults who drink this water over many years
could develop kidney problems or high blood
pressure.
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Contaminant
(units)
Mercury [inorganic]
(PPb)
Nitrate (ppm)
Nitrite (ppm)
Selenium (ppb)
Thallium (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.002
10
1
.05
.002
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
-
-
1000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
2
10
1
50
2
MCLG
2
10
1
50
0.5
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Erosion of natural
deposits; Discharge from
refineries and factories;
Runoff from landfills;
Runoff from cropland
Runoff from fertilizer use;
Leaching from septic
tanks, sewage; Erosion of
natural deposits
Runoff from fertilizer use;
Leaching from septic
tanks, sewage; Erosion of
natural deposits
Discharge from petroleum
and metal refineries;
Erosion of natural
deposits; Discharge from
mines
Leaching from ore-
processing sites;
Discharge from
electronics, glass, and
drug factories
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience kidney
damage.
Infants below the age of six months who drink
water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if untreated,
may die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
Infants below the age of six months who drink
water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if untreated,
may die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However,
some people who drink water containing
selenium in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience hair or fingernail losses,
numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
Some people who drink water containing
thallium in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience hair loss, changes in their
blood, or problems with their kidneys,
intestines, or liver.
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Contaminant
(units)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
MCLin
CCR
units
MCLG
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Health Effects Language
Synthetic Organic Contaminants including Pesticides and Herbicides
2,4-D(ppb)
2,4,5-TP [Silvex]
(PPb)
Acrylamide
Alachlor (ppb)
Atrazine (ppb)
Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH]
(nanograms/l)
.07
.05
TT
.002
.003
.0002
1000
1000
-
1000
1000
1,000,000
70
50
TT
2
3
200
70
50
0
0
3
0
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Residue of banned
herbicide
Added to water during
sewage/ wastewater
treatment
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Leaching from linings of
water storage tanks and
distribution lines
Some people who drink water containing the
weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
Some people who drink water containing silvex
in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
Some people who drink water containing high
levels of acrylamide over a long period of time
could have problems with their nervous system
or blood, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years
could have problems with their eyes, liver,
kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or reproductive
difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing
benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over
many years may experience reproductive
difficulties and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
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Contaminant
(units)
Carbofuran (ppb)
Chlordane (ppb)
Dalapon (ppb)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
(PPb)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
(PPb)
Dibromochloro-
propane
(PPt)
Dinoseb (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.04
.002
.2
.4
.006
.0002
.007
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1,000,000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
40
2
200
400
6
200
7
MCLG
40
0
200
400
0
0
7
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Leaching of soil fumigant
used on rice and alfalfa
Residue of banned
termiticide
Runoff from herbicide
used on rights of way
Discharge from chemical
factories
Discharge from rubber
and chemical factories
Runoff/leaching from soil
fumigant used on
soybeans, cotton,
pineapples, and orchards
Runoff from herbicide
used on soybeans and
vegetables
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.
Some people who drink water containing
chlordane in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver
or nervous system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience minor kidney changes.
Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience toxic effects
such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or
possible reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate well in excess of the MCL
over many years may have problems with their
liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing DBCP
in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive problems and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience reproductive difficulties.
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Contaminant
(units)
Diquat (ppb)
Dioxin
[2,3,7,8-TCDD]
(ppq)
Endothall (ppb)
Endrin (ppb)
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylene dibromide
(PPt)
Glyphosate (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.02
.00000003
.1
.002
TT
.00005
.7
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
1 ,000,000,000
1000
1000
-
1,000,000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
20
30
100
2
TT
50
700
MCLG
20
0
100
2
0
0
700
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Runoff from herbicide use
Emissions from waste
incineration and other
combustion; Discharge
from chemical factories
Runoff from herbicide use
Residue of banned
insecticide
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories; An
impurity of some water
treatment chemicals
Discharge from petroleum
refineries
Runoff from herbicide use
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing diquat
in excess of the MCL over many years could
get cataracts.
Some people who drink water containing dioxin
in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
endothall in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
stomach or intestines.
Some people who drink water containing endrin
in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
Some people who drink water containing high
levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of
time could experience stomach problems, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
A-57
-------
Contaminant
(units)
Heptachlor (ppt)
Heptachlor epoxide
(PPt)
Hexachlorobenzene
(PPb)
Hexachloro-
cyclopentadiene (ppb)
Lindane (ppt)
Methoxychlor (ppb)
Oxamyl [Vydate]
(PPb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.0004
.0002
.001
.05
.0002
.04
.2
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1,000,000
1,000,000
1000
1000
1,000,000
1000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
400
200
1
50
200
40
200
MCLG
0
0
0
50
200
40
200
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Residue of banned
pesticide
Breakdown of heptachlor
Discharge from metal
refineries and agricultural
chemical factories
Discharge from chemical
factories
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on cattle,
lumber, gardens
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on fruits,
vegetables, alfalfa,
livestock
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on
apples, potatoes and
tomatoes
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience liver damage and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience liver damage, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive
effects, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience
problems with their kidneys or stomach.
Some people who drink water containing
lindane in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their kidneys or
liver.
Some people who drink water containing
methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing
oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience slight nervous system effects.
A-58
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Contaminant
(units)
PCBs [Polychlorinated
biphenyls]
(PPt)
Pentachlorophenol
(PPb)
Picloram (ppb)
Simazine (ppb)
Toxaphene (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.0005
.001
.5
.004
.003
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1,000,000
1000
1000
1000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
500
1
500
4
3
MCLG
0
0
500
4
0
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Runoff from landfills;
Discharge of waste
chemicals
Discharge from wood
preserving factories
Herbicide runoff
Herbicide runoff
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on cotton
and cattle
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing PCBs
in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience changes in their skin, problems with
their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or
reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
picloram in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver.
Some people who drink water containing
simazine in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their blood.
Some people who drink water containing
toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their kidneys,
liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
Benzene (ppb)
.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from factories;
Leaching from gas
storage tanks and landfills
Some people who drink water containing
benzene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience anemia or a decrease in
blood platelets, and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
A-59
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Contaminant
(units)
Carbon tetrachloride
(PPb)
Chlorobenzene (ppb)
o-Dichlorobenzene
(PPb)
p-Dichlorobenzene
(PPb)
1,2-Dichloroethane
(PPb)
1,1-Dichloroethylene
(PPb)
cis-1,2-
Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.005
.1
.6
.075
.005
.007
.07
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
5
100
600
75
5
7
70
MCLG
0
100
600
75
0
7
70
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Discharge from chemical
plants and other industrial
activities
Discharge from chemical
and agricultural chemical
factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver
or kidneys.
Some people who drink water containing o-
dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.
Some people who drink water containing p-
dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience anemia, damage
to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in
their blood.
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-
dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Some people who drink water containing 1,1-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver.
Some people who drink water containing cis-
1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver.
A-60
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Contaminant
(units)
trans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Dichloromethane
(PPb)
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
(PPb)
Ethylbenzene (ppb)
Haloacetic Acids
(HAA)
(PPb)
Styrene (ppb)
Tetrachloroethylene
(PPb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.1
.005
.005
.7
.060
.1
.005
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
100
5
5
700
60
100
5
MCLG
100
0
0
700
n/a
100
0
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from
pharmaceutical and
chemical factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from petroleum
refineries
By-product of drinking
water disinfection
Discharge from rubber
and plastic factories;
Leaching from landfills
Discharge from factories
and dry cleaners
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing trans-
1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
Some people who drink water containing
dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over
many years could have liver problems and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-
dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys.
Some people who drink water containing
haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
styrene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory system.
Some people who drink water containing
tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems with their
liver, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
A-61
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Contaminant
(units)
1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene
(PPb)
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
(PPb)
1 ,1 ,2-Trichloroethane
(PPb)
Trichloroethylene
(PPb)
TTHMs
Total
rihalomethanes] (ppb)
Toluene (ppm)
Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
.07
.2
.005
.005
0.10/.080
1
.002
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
-
1000
MCLin
CCR
units
70
200
5
5
100/80
1
2
MCLG
70
200
3
0
n/a
1
0
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Discharge from textile-
finishing factories
Discharge from metal
degreasing sites and other
factories
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
Discharge from metal
degreasing sites and other
factories
By-product of drinking
water chlorination
Discharge from petroleum
factories
Leaching from PVC piping;
Discharge from plastics
factories
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience changes in their
adrenal glands.
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-
trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-
trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems with their
liver, kidneys, or immune systems.
Some people who drink water containing
trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over
many years may experience problems with their
liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
toluene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their nervous
system, kidneys, or liver.
Some people who drink water containing vinyl
chloride in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
A-62
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Contaminant
(units)
Xylenes (ppm)
Traditional
MCLin
mg/L
10
To convert
for OCR,
multiply by
-
MCLin
CCR
units
10
MCLG
10
Major Sources in
Drinking Water
Discharge from petroleum
factories; Discharge from
chemical factories
Health Effects Language
Some people who drink water containing
xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience damage to their nervous
system.
A-63
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Appendix B. State Primacy Revision Application Package
for the PN and CCR Rules - Example Format
This Appendix describes the elements of a combined primacy revision package for
both the PN and CCR Rules. If a State wishes to submit a combined application
package, the following elements should be included and address both rules:
Section I. State Primacy Revision Checklist
•• Listing of program elements from 40 CFR 142.10 that the
State may have revised in response to the new rule.
Section II. Text of the State's Regulation
Section III. Primacy Revision Crosswalk
•• Identification of how State regulations correspond to each
requirement prescribed of the federal rules.
Section IV. State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist
•• Explanation of how State reporting and recordkeeping
requirements are consistent with federal requirements.
Section V. Special Primacy Requirements
•• Explanation of how a State will address the special primacy
requirements identified in 40 CFR 142.16.
Section VI. Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability
•• Statement that State regulations can be enforced by the State
government.
Appendix A provides example formats for these six elements for the PN Rule.
Additional information needed for the CCR Rule is presented in this Appendix.
B-1
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Review of State Primacy Revision Application
for the
Public Notification (PN)
and
Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rules
CONTENTS:
1. § 142.10 Requirements - State Primacy Revision Checklist
2. Text of the State's Regulation
3. § 141 Requirements - Primacy Revision Crosswalk
4. § 142.14 and 15 - State Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
5. § 142.16 - Special Primacy Requirements
6. Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability
State:
Date Application Submitted:
Date Review Completed:
EPA Region:
Review Staff:
B-2
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Section I. State Primacy Revision Checklist - Example Format
The State Primacy Revision Checklist is a listing of program elements from 40 CFR
142.10 that the State may have revised in response to the new rule. For the these two
rules, most States will revise §§142.10(b)(6)(v) and (vii) authority to require public
notification and to require community water systems to issue CCRs.
State Primacy Revision Checklist
Required Program Elements
§142.10
§142.10(a)
§142.10(b)(1)
§142.10(b)(2)
§142.10(b)(3)
§142.10(b)(4)
§142.10(b)(5)
§142.10(b)(6)(i)
§142.10(b)(6)(ii)
Primary Enforcement
Regulations No Less Stringent
Maintain Inventory
Sanitary Survey Program
Laboratory Certification Program
Laboratory Capability
Plan Review Program
Authority to Apply Regulations
Authority to Sue in Courts of
Competent Jurisdiction
§142.1 0(b)(6)(iii) Right of Entry
§142.1 0(b)(6)(iv)
§142.10(b)(6)(v)
§142.1 0(b)(6)(vi)
§142.10(b)(6)(vii)
§142.10(c)
§142.10(d)
§142.10(e)
§142.10(f)
Authority to Require Records
Authority to Require Public
Notification
Authority to Assess Civil and
Criminal Penalties
Authority to Require CWSs to
Provide CCRs
Maintenance of Records
Variance/Exemption Conditions
Emergency Plans
Administrative Penalty Authority
Revision to
State
Program
(Yes or No)
EPA Findings/
Comments
B-3
-------
B-4
-------
Section II. Text of State's Regulation
The text of the State's regulations for the PN and CCR Rules should be included
in this section.
B-5
-------
Section III. Primacy Revision Crosswalk - Example Format
The Primacy Revision Crosswalk will be used by EPA in determining, section by
section, whether the State regulations are as stringent as the federal regulations.
Appendix A, page A-5, contains a crosswalk for the PN Rule. The crosswalk for the CCR
Rule is given on the following pages.
Note: This crosswalk has been updated to reflect all of the technical
corrections and amendments to the CCR Rule published in the Federal
Register from 1998 to 2001.
B-6
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
DEFINITIONS
Customers:
Billing units or service connections to
which water is delivered by a
community water system.
Detected:
At or above the levels prescribed by
§141.23(a)(4) for inorganic
contaminants, at or above the levels
prescribed by §141.24(f)(7) for the
contaminants listed in §141.61(a), at
or above the level prescribed by
§141.24(h)(18) for the contaminants
listed in §141.61(c), and at or above
the levels prescribed by §141.25(c)
for radioactive contaminants.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or
MCLG:
The level of a contaminant in drinking
water below which there is no known
or expected risk to health. MCLGs
allow for a margin of safety.
Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL:
The highest level of a contaminant
that is allowed in drinking water.
MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs
as feasible using the best available
treatment technology.
Variances and Exemptions:
State or EPA permission not to meet
an MCL or a treatment technique
under certain conditions.
Treatment Technique (TT):
A required process intended to
reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
§141.151(c)
§141.151(d)
§141.153(c)(2)
§141.153(c)(3)(i)
B-7
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
Action Level (AL):
The concentration of a contaminant
which, if exceeded, triggers treatment
or other requirements which a water
system must follow.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
Goal or MRDLG:
The level of a drinking water
disinfectant below which there is no
known or expected risk to health.
MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of
the use of disinfectants to control
microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
orMRDL:
The highest level of a disinfectant
allowed in drinking water. There is
convincing evidence that addition of
a disinfectant is necessary for control
of microbial contaminants.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(c)(3)(ii)
§141.153(c)(3)(iii)
§141.153(c)(3)(iv)
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
§141.152 -General Requirements
EFFECTIVE DATES
Each existing CWS must deliver its first
report by October 19, 1999, its second
report by July 1 , 2000, and subsequent
reports by July 1 annually thereafter.
The first report must contain data
collected during, or prior to, calendar
year 1998 as prescribed in
§141.153(d)(3). Each report
thereafter must contain data collected
during, or prior to, the previous
calendar year.
A new CWS must deliver its first report
by July 1 of the year after its first full
calendar year in operation and annually
thereafter.
§141.152(b)
§141.152(c)
B-8
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
A CWS that sells water to another
CWS must deliver the applicable
information required in §141.153 to the
buyer system:
- No later than April 19, 1999,
by April 1, 2000, and by April
1 annually thereafter or
>• On a date mutually agreed
upon by the seller and the
purchaser, and specifically
included in a contract between
the parties.
§141.152(d)
§141.152(d)(1)
§141.152(d)(2)
§141.153; §141.154 - Content of the OCRs
Each CWS must provide to its
customers an annual report that
contains the information specified in
this section and §141.154.
§141.153(a)
Information on the source of the
water delivered:
Each report must identify the source(s)
of the water delivered by the CWS by
providing information on:
>• The type of water: e.g.,
surface water, ground water;
and
>• The commonly used name (if
any) and location of the body
(or bodies) of water.
§141.153(b)
§141.153(b)(1)
If a source water assessment has
been completed, the report must notify
consumers of the availability of this
information and the means to obtain it.
In addition, systems are encouraged to
§141.153(b)(2)
B-9
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
highlight in the report significant
sources of contamination in the source
water area if they have readily
available information. Where a system
has received a source water
assessment from the primacy agency,
the report must include a brief
summary of the system's susceptibility
to potential sources of contamination,
using language provided by the
primacy agency or written by the
operator.
INFORMATION ON DETECTED
CONTAMINANTS
This sub-section specifies the
requirements for information to be
included in each report for
contaminants subject to mandatory
monitoring (except Cryptosporidium).
It applies to:
>• Contaminants subject to a
MCL, action level, maximum
residual disinfectant level or a
treatment technique (regulated
contaminants).
>• Contaminants for which
monitoring is required by
§141.40 (unregulated
contaminants); and
>• Disinfection by-products or
microbial contaminants for
which monitoring is required
by §141.42 and §141.43,
except as provided under
paragraph (e)(1) of this
section, and which are
detected in the finished water.
§141.153(d)(1)
B-10
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
The data relating to these
contaminants must be displayed in one
table or in several adjacent tables.
Any additional monitoring results which
a CWS chooses to include in its report
must be displayed separately.
§141.153(d)(2)
The data must be derived from data
collected to comply with EPA and
State monitoring and analytical
requirements during calendar year
1998 for the first report and
subsequent calendar years thereafter
except that:
>• Where a system is allowed to
monitor for regulated
contaminants less than once a
year, the table(s) must include
the date and results of the
most recent sampling and the
report must include a brief
statement indicating that the
data presented in the report
are from the most recent
testing done in accordance
with regulations. No data
older than 5 years need be
included.
>• Results of monitoring in
compliance with §141.142 and
§141.143 need only be
included for 5 years from the
date of the last sample or until
any of the detected
contaminants becomes
regulated and subject to
routine monitoring
requirements, whichever
comes first.
§141.153(d)(3)
§141.153(d)(3)(i)
§141.153(d)(3)(i
B-11
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
For detected regulated contaminants
(listed in Appendix A to this subpart)
the table(s) must contain:
>• The MCL for that contaminant
expressed as a number equal
to or greater than 1.0 (as
provided in Appendix A to this
subpart);
§141.153(d)(4)
§141.153(d)(4)(i)
The MCLG for that
contaminant expressed in the
same units as the MCL;
§141.153(d)(4)(i
If there is no MCL for a
detected contaminant, the
table must indicate that there
is a treatment technique (TT),
or specify the action level
(AL), applicable to that
contaminant, and the report
must include the definitions for
TT and/or AL, as appropriate,
specified in paragraph (c)(3)
of this section;
§141.153(d)(4)(ii
For contaminants subject to an
MCL, except turbidity and total
coliforms, the highest
contaminant level used to
determine compliance with an
NPDWR and the range of
detected levels, as follows:
- When compliance with the
MCL is determined
annually or less
frequently: the highest
detected level at any
sampling point and the
range of detected levels
expressed in the same
§141.153(d)(4)(iv)
§141.153(d)(4)(iv)(A)
B-12
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
units as the MCL.
When compliance with the
MCL is determined by
calculating a running
annual average of all
samples taken at a
sampling point: the highest
average of any of the
sampling points and the
range of all sampling
points expressed in the
same units as the MCL.
When compliance with the
MCL is determined on a
system-wide basis by
calculating a running
annual average of all
samples at all sampling
points: the average and
range of detection
expressed in the same
units as the MCL.
§141.153(d)(4)(iv)(B)
§141.153(d)(4)(iv)(C)
Turbidity Data Requirements
When it is reported pursuant to:
>• §141.13: the highest average
monthly value.
>• §141.71: the highest monthly
value. The report should
include an explanation of the
reasons for measuring
turbidity.
- §141.73 or §141.173: the
highest single measurement
and the lowest monthly
percentage of samples
meeting the turbidity limits
§141.153(d)(4)(v)
§141.153(d)(4)(v)(A)
§141.153(d)(4)(v)(B)
§141.153(d)(4)(v)(C)
B-13
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
specified in §141.73 or
§141.173 for the filtration
technology being used. The
report should include an
explanation of the reasons for
measuring turbidity.
Lead and Copper Data
Requirements
For lead and copper: the 90th
percentile value of the most recent
round of sampling and the number
of sampling sites exceeding the
action level.
Total Coliform Data Requirements
>• The highest monthly number of
positive samples for systems
collecting fewer than 40
samples per month; or
>• The highest monthly
percentage of positive
samples for systems collecting
at least 40 samples per
month;
Fecal Coliform Data Requirements
For Fecal Coliform: the total
number of positive samples.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(d)(4)(vi)
§141.153(d)(4)(vii)
§141.153(d)(4)(vii)(A)
§141.153(d)(4)(vii)(B)
§141.153(d)(4)(viii)
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
B-14
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
Likely Source(s) of Detected
Contaminants
The likely source(s) of detected
contaminants to the best of the
operator's knowledge. Specific
information regarding contaminants
may be available in sanitary surveys
and source water assessments, and
should be used when available to the
operator. If the operator lacks specific
information on the likely source, the
report must include one or more of the
typical sources for that contaminant
listed in Appendix A to this subpart that
are most applicable to the system.
§141.153(d)(4)(ix)
If a CWS distributes water to its
customers from multiple hydraulically
independent distribution systems that
are fed by different raw water sources,
the table should contain a separate
column for each service area and the
report should identify each separate
distribution system. Alternatively,
systems could produce separate
reports tailored to include data for
each service area (Not Required but
Recommended).
§141.153(d)(5)
The table(s) must clearly identify any
data indicating violations of MCLs,
MRDLs, or TTs, and the report must
contain a clear and readily
understandable explanation of the
violation including: the length of the
violation, the potential adverse health
effects, and actions taken by the
system to address the violation. To
describe the potential health effects
the system must use the relevant
§141.153(d)(6)
B-15
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
language of Appendix A to this subpart.
For detected unregulated contaminants
for which monitoring is required
(except Cryptosporidium), the table(s)
must contain the average and range at
which the contaminant was detected.
The report may include a brief
explanation of the reasons for
monitoring for unregulated
contaminants.
Information on Cryptosporidium,
Radon, and Other Contaminants
If the system has performed any
monitoring for Cryptosporidium,
including monitoring performed to
satisfy the requirements of §141.143,
which indicates that Cryptosporidium
may be present in the source water or
the finished water, the report must
include:
>• a summary of the results of
the monitoring; and
>• an explanation of the
significance of the results.
If the system has performed any
monitoring for radon which indicates
that radon may be present in the
finished water, the report must include:
>• the results of the monitoring;
and
>• an explanation of the
significance of the results.
If the system has performed additional
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(d)(7)
§141.153(e)
§141.153(e)(1)
§141.153(e)(1)(i)
§141.153(e)(1)(ii)
§141.153(e)(2)
§141.153(e)(2)(i)
§141.153(e)(2)(ii)
§141.153(e)(3)
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
B-16
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
monitoring which indicates the
presence of other contaminants in the
finished water, EPA strongly
encourages systems to report any
results which may indicate a health
concern. To determine if the results
may indicate a health concern, EPA
recommends that systems find out if
EPA has proposed an NPDWR or
issued a health advisory for that
contaminant by calling the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-
4791). EPA considers detects above
a proposed MCL or health advisory
level to indicate possible health
concerns. For such contaminants,
EPA recommends the report include:
the results of the monitoring; and an
explanation of the significance of the
results noting the existence of a health
advisory or a proposed regulation.
(Not Required but Recommended)
Compliance with NPDWR
In addition to the requirements of
§141.153(d)(6), the report must note
any violation that occurred during the
year covered by the report of a
requirement listed below, and include a
clear and readily understandable
explanation of the violation, any
potential adverse health effects, and
the steps the system has taken to
correct the violation.
>• Monitoring and reporting of
compliance data.
§141.153(f)
§141.153(f)(1)
B-17
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
Filtration and disinfection
prescribed by Subpart H of
this part (40 CFR 141). For
systems which have failed to
install adequate filtration or
disinfection equipment or
processes, or have had a
failure of such equipment or
processes which constitutes a
violation, the report must
include the following language
as part of the explanation of
potential adverse health
effects:
Inadequately treated
water may contain
disease-causing
organisms. These
organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and
parasites which can cause
symptoms such as
nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated
headaches.
§141.153(f)(2)
Lead and copper control
requirements prescribed by
Subpart I of this part. For
systems that fail to take one
or more actions prescribed by
§§ 141.80(d), 141.81, 141.82,
141.83, or 141.84, the report
must include the applicable
language of Appendix A to this
subpart for lead, copper, or
both.
§141.153(f)(3)
B-18
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
>• Treatment techniques for
Acrylamide and
Epichlorohydrin prescribed by
Subpart K of this part. For
systems that violate the
requirements of subpart K of
this part, the report must
include relevant language from
Appendix A to this subpart.
>• Recordkeeping of compliance
data.
>• Special monitoring
requirements prescribed by
§141.40 (for inorganic and
organic contaminants) and
§141.41 (for sodium); and
>• Violation of the terms of a
variance, an exemption, or an
administrative or judicial order.
Variances and Exemptions
If a system is operating under the
terms of a variance or an exemption
issued under §1415 or §1416 of
SDWA, the report must contain:
>• An explanation of the reasons
for the variance or exemption;
>• The date on which the
variance or exemption was
issued;
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(f)(4)
§141.153(f)(5)
§141.153(f)(6)
§141.153(f)(7)
§141.153(g)
§141.153(g)(1)
§141.153(g)(2)
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
B-19
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
A brief status report on the
steps the system is taking to
install treatment, find
alternative sources of water or
otherwise comply with the
terms and schedules of the
variance or exemption; and
§141.153(g)(3)
A notice of any opportunity for
public input in the review, or
renewal, of the variance or
exemption.
§141.153(g)(4)
Additional Information
The report must contain a brief
explanation regarding contaminants
which may reasonably expected to be
found in drinking water, including
bottled water. This explanation may
inlcude the language of paragraphs
(h)(1)(i) through (iii) or systems may
use their own comparable language.
The report must also include the
language of paragraph (h)(1)(iv) of this
section.
The sources of drinking water
(both tap water and bottled water)
include rivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs and
wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the
ground, it dissolves naturally-
occurring minerals and, in some
cases, radioactive material, and
can pick up substances resulting
from the presence of animals or
from human activity.
§141.153(h)
§141.153(h)(1)
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
Contaminants that may be
present in source water include:
Microbial contaminants, such as
viruses and bacteria, which may
come from sewage treatment
plants, septic systems, agricultural
livestock operations, and wildlife.
Inorganic contaminants, such as
salts and metals, which can be
naturally-occurring or result from
urban stormwater runoff, industrial
or domestic wastewater
discharges, oil and gas production,
mining, or farming.
Pesticides and herbicides, which
may come from a variety of
sources such as agriculture, urban
stormwater runoff, and residential
uses.
Organic chemical contaminants,
including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, which are by-
products of industrial processes
and petroleum production and can
also come from gas stations,
urban stormwater runoff, and
septic systems.
Radioactive contaminants, which
can be naturally-occurring or be
the result of oil and gas production
and mining activities.
B-21
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
In order to ensure that tap
water is safe to drink, EPA
prescribes regulations which limit
the amount of certain contaminants
in water provided by public water
systems. FDA regulations
establish limits for contaminants in
bottled water which must provide
the same protection for public
health.
>• Must include language below:
Drinking water, including
bottled water, may reasonably be
expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants.
The presence of contaminants
does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More
information about contaminants
and potential health effects can be
obtained by calling the
Environmental Protection Agency's
Safe Drinking Water Hotline
(800-426-4791).
The report must include the telephone
number of the owner, operator, or
designee of the CWS as a source of
additional information concerning the
report.
In communities with a large proportion
of non-English speaking residents, as
determined by the primacy agency, the
report must contain information in the
appropriate language(s) regarding the
importance of the report or contain a
telephone number or address where
such residents may contact the system
to obtain a translated copy of the
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(h)(1)(iii)
§141.153(h)(1)(iv)
§141.153(h)(2)
§141.153(h)(3)
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
B-22
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
report or assistance in the appropriate
language.
The report must include information
(e.g., time and place of regularly
scheduled board meetings) about
opportunities for public participation in
decisions that may affect the quality of
the water.
The systems may include such
additional information as they deem
necessary for public education
consistent with, and not detracting
from, the purpose of the report.
REQUIRED ADDITIONAL HEALTH
INFORMATION
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.153(h)(4)
§141.153(h)(5)
§141.154
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
B-23
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
All reports must prominently display
the following language:
Some people may be more
vulnerable to contaminants in
drinking water than the general
population. Immuno-compromised
persons such as persons with
cancer undergoing chemotherapy,
persons who have undergone
organ transplants, people with
HIV/AIDS or other immune system
disorders, some elderly, and
infants can be particularly at risk
from infections. These people
should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care
providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the
risk of infection by
Cryptosporidium and other
microbial contaminants are
available from the Safe Drinking
Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
§141.154(a)
B-24
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
Ending in the report due by July 1,
2001, a system which detects arsenic
at levels above 0.025 mg/L, but below
the 0.05 mg/L, and beginning in the
report due by July 1, 2002, a system
that detects arsenic above 0.005 mg/L
and up to and including 0.01 mg/L:
>• Must include in its report a
short informational statement
about arsenic using language
such as:
While your drinking water
meets EPA's standard for
arsenic, it does contain low
levels of arsenic. EPA's
standard balances the current
understanding of arsenic's
possible health effects against
the costs of removing arsenic
from drinking water. EPA
continues to research the
health effects of low levels of
arsenic, which is a mineral
known to cause cancer in
humans at high concentrations
and is linked to other health
effects such as skin damage
and circulatory problems
>• May write its own educational
statement, but only in
consultation with the Primacy
Agency.
§141.154(b)
§141.154(b)(1)
§141.154(b)(2)
B-25
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
A system which detects nitrate at
levels above 5 mg/L, but below the
MCL:
>• Must include a short
informational statement about
the impacts of nitrate on
children using languge such
as:
Nitrate in drinking water at
levels above 10 ppm is a
health risk for infants of less
than six months of age. High
nitrate levels in drinking water
can cause blue baby
syndrome. Nitrate levels may
rise quickly for short periods
of time because of rainfall or
agricultural activity. If you are
caring for an infant you should
ask advice from your health
care provider.
>• May write its own educational
statement, but only in
consultation with the Primacy
Agency.
§141.154(c)
§141.154(c)(1)
§141.154(c)(2)
B-26
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
Systems which detect lead above the
action level in more than 5%and up to
and including 10%, of homes
sampled:
>• Must include a short
informational statement about
the special impact of lead on
children using language such
as:
Infants and young children are
typically more vulnerable to
lead in drinking water than the
general population. It is
possible that lead levels at
your home may be higher than
at other homes in the
community as a result of
materials used in your home's
plumbing. If you are
concerned about elevated lead
levels in your home's water,
you may wish to have your
water tested and flush your
tap for 30 seconds to 2
minutes before using tap
water. Additional information
is available from the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-
426-4791).
>• May write its own educational
statement, but only in
consultation with the Primacy
Agency.
§141.154(d)
§141.154(d)(1)
§141.154(d)(2)
B-27
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
CWSs that detect TTHM above 0.080
mg/l, but below the MCL in § 141.12,
as an annual average, monitored and
calculated under the provisions of
§141.30, must include health effects
language for TTHMs prescribed by
Appendix A.
§141.154(e)
Beginning in the report due by July 1,
2002 and ending January 22, 2006, a
CWS that detects arsenic above 0.01
mg/L and up to and including 0.05
mg/L must include the arsenic health
effects language prescribed by
Appendix A to Subpart O.
§141.154(f)
REPORT DELIVERY AND
RECORDKEEPING
Except as provided in paragraph (g) of
this section, each CWS must mail or
otherwise directly deliver one copy of
the report to each customer.
§141.155
§141.155(a)
The system must make a "good faith"
effort to reach consumers who do not
get water bills, using means
recommended by the primacy agency.
§141.155(b)
No later than the date the system is
required to distribute the report to its
customers, each CWS must mail a
copy of the report to the primacy
agency, followed within 3 months by a
certification that the report has been
distributed to customers, and that the
information is correct and consistent
with the compliance monitoring data
previously submitted to the primacy
agency.
§141.155(c)
B-28
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
FEDERAL
CITATION
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
No later than the date the system is
required to distribute the report to its
customers, each CWS must deliver the
report to any other agency or
clearinghouse identified by the primacy
agency.
§141.155(d)
Each CWS must make its reports
available to the public upon request.
§141.155(e)
Each CWS serving 100,000 or more
persons must post its current year's
report to a publicly-accessible site on
the Internet.
§141.155(f)
Mailing Waiver for Systems
Serving Fewer than 10,000
Persons
The Governor of a State or his
designee, or the Tribal leader where
the tribe has met the eligibility
requirements contained in §142.72 for
the purposes of waiving the mailing
requirement, can waive the
requirement of paragraph (a) of this
section for community water systems
serving fewer than 10,000 persons. In
consultation with the tribal government,
the Regional Administrator may waive
the requirement of §141.55(a) in areas
in Indian country where no tribe has
been deemed eligible.
Such systems must:
>• Publish reports in one or more
local newspapers serving the
area in which the system is
located;
§141.155(g)
§141.155(g)(1)
B-29
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Primacy Revision Crosswalk for the CCR Rule
FEDERAL
REQUIREMENT
>• Inform the customers that the
reports will not be mailed,
either in the newspapers in
which the reports are
published or by other means
approved by the State; and
>• Make the reports available to
the public upon request.
Systems serving 500 or fewer persons
may forego the requirements of
paragraphs (g)(1)(i) and (ii) of this
section if they provide notice at least
once per year to their customers by
mail, door-to-door delivery or by
posting in an appropriate location that
the report is available upon request.
Any system subject to this subpart
must retain copies of its Consumer
Confidence Report for no less than 3
years.
FEDERAL
CITATION
§141.155(g)(1)(ii)
§141.155(g)(1)(iii)
§141.155(g)(2)
§141.155(h)
STATE
CITATION
Document title;
page #; and
§or H
If different than
federal
requirement,
note here and
explain on a
separate sheet
B-30
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Section IV. State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist -
Example Format
States can use this form to explain how State reporting and recordkeeping requirements are
consistent with federal requirements for recordkeeping at 40 CFR 142.14, and reporting at 40 CFR
142.15. If the State's provisions differ from federal requirements, the State can use this form to
explain how their requirements are no less stringent.
State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist
Requirement
Are State Policies Consistent with
Federal Requirements? If Not, Explain
PN Rule - §142.14(f) - Records Kept by States
Public notification records under Subpart Q of part 141
received from public water systems (including the
certifications and copies of the public notice) and any State
determinations establishing alternative public notification
requirements for the water systems must be retained for
three years.
PNRule-§142.15(a)(1)
New violations by public water systems in the State during
the previous quarter of State regulations adopted to
incorporate the requirements of national primary drinking
water regulations, including violations of the public
notification requirements under Subpart Q of part 141.
OCR Rule - §142.16 (f) - Records Kept By The States
Each State that has primary enforcement responsibility
must make CCRs submitted to the State in compliance with
40 CFR 155(c) available to the public upon request.
Each State that has primary enforcement responsibility
must maintain a copy of the CCRs for a period of 1 year.
Each State that has primary enforcement responsibility
must keep a copy of the certifications obtained pursuant to
40 CFR 141.155(c)fora period of 3 years.
B-31
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State Reporting and Recordkeeping Checklist
Requirement
Are State Policies Consistent with
Federal Requirements? If Not, Explain
Each State that has primary enforcement responsibility
must report violations of 40 CFR 141, Subpart O in
accordance with the requirements of §142.15(a)(1).
* §142.15(a)(1): Each State which has primary enforcement
responsibility shall submit quarterly reports to the Administrator
on a schedule and in a format, prescribed by the Administrator
that contains information on violations by PWSs during the
previous quarter of State regulations adopted to incorporate the
requirements of the NPDWR.
Section V. Special Primacy Requirements - Example Format
Appendix A contains the information on addressing special primacy requirements for
the PN Rule. The special primacy requirements of the CCR Rule address reporting and
recordkeeping provisions and are addressed in the State Reporting and Recordkeeping
Checklist discussed in Section IV on the previous page.
B-32
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Section VI. Attorney General's Statement of Enforceability -
Example Format
Model Language
I hereby certify, pursuant to my authority as (1) and in
accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act as amended, and (2) ,
that in my opinion the laws of the [State/Commonwealth] of (3) [or
Tribal ordinances of (4) ] to carry out the program set forth in the "Program
Description" submitted by the (5) have been duly adopted and are
enforceable. The specific authorities provided are contained in statutes or regulations that
are lawfully adopted at the time this Statement is approved and signed and will be fully
effective by the time the program is approved.
Guidance and Model Language For States on Audit Privilege and/or Immunity Laws
In order for EPA to properly evaluate the State's request for approval, the State Attorney
General or independent legal counsel should certify that the State's environmental audit immunity
and/or privilege and immunity law does not affect its ability to meet enforcement and information
gathering requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act. This certification should be
reasonably consistent with the wording of the State audit laws and should demonstrate how State
program approval criteria are satisfied.
EPA will apply the criteria outlined in its "Statement of Principles" memo issued on February 14,
1997 in determining whether States with audit laws have retained adequate enforcement authority
for any authorized federal programs. The principles articulated in the guidance are based on the
requirements of federal law, specifically the enforcement and compliance and State program
approval provisions of environmental statutes and their corresponding regulations. The
Principles provide that if provisions of State law are ambiguous, it will be important to obtain
opinions from the State Attorney General or independent legal counsel interpreting the law as
meeting specific federal requirements. If the law cannot be so interpreted, changes to State laws
may be necessary to obtain federal program approval. Before submitting a package for
approval, States with audit privilege and/or immunity laws should initiate communications with
appropriate EPA Regional offices to identify and discuss the issues raised by the State's audit
privilege and/or immunity law.
Model Language for States with No Audit Privilege and/or Immunity Laws
Furthermore, I certify that [State/Commonwealth] of (3) has not
enacted any environmental audit privilege and/or immunity laws.
B-33
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Model Language For States with Audit Laws that Do Not Apply to the State Agency
Administering the Safe Drinking Water Act
Furthermore, I certify that the environmental [audit privilege and/or immunity law] of the
[State/ Commonwealth] of (3) does not affect (3)
ability to meet enforcement and information gathering requirements under the Safe
Drinking Water Act because the [audit privilege and/or immunity law] does not apply to
the program set forth in the "Program Description." The Safe Drinking Water Act program
set forth in the "Program Description" is administered by (5) ; the
[audit privilege and/or immunity law] does not affect programs implemented by
(5) , thus the program set forth in the "Program Description" is
unaffected by the provisions of [State/Commonwealth] of (3) [audit
privilege and/or immunity law].
Model Language For States with Audit Privilege and/or Immunity Laws that Worked
with EPA to Satisfy Requirements for Federally Authorized. Delegated or Approved
Environmental Programs.
Furthermore, I certify that the environmental [audit privilege and/or immunity law] of the
[State / Commonwealth of (3) ] does not affect (3)
ability to meet enforcement and information gathering requirements under the Safe
Drinking Water Act because [State/Commonwealth] of (3) has
enacted statutory revisions and/or issued a clarifying Attorney General's statement to
satisfy requirements for federally authorized, delegated or approved environmental
programs.
Seal of Office
Signature
Name and Title
Date
(1) Attorney General or attorney for primacy agency if it has independent legal counsel
(2) 40CFR 142.12(c)(1)(iii) for final requests for approval of program revisions
(3) Name of State or Commonwealth
(4) Name of Tribe
(5) Name of Primacy Agency
B-34
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Appendix C. SDWIS Reporting - Draft Final Version
This appendix provides detailed information on violation and compliance achieved
definitions, and reporting requirements for each Public Notice (PN) violation type. In
addition, this appendix contains examples on what to report, including how to report
utilizing the appropriate Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal version
(SDWIS/FED) Data Transfer File Format (DTF).
At the time this document was issued, EPA was undergoing a revision of its
Information Strategy Plan. The DTF and its related edit/update software was also
under consideration for major revision. In addition, EPA was beginning a
reevaluation of its data requirements considering the increased implementation and
reporting burden the new regulations will impose. Because changes in these areas
are being considered and would not be implemented until 2002 or later, we are
issuing this PN reporting guidance document as a draft final. We have streamlined
the requirements as much as possible to minimize the initial implementation of these
reporting requirements as well as potential changes under current review. Any change
to these requirements will be published well in advance of their implementation to allow
adequate time for the reporting entities to adjust their systems and processes.
Table of Contents
Background C-3
Section I. Federal Reporting Requirements C-3
A. General Reporting Information C-3
B. Violations C-5
C. PN Link to Originating Rule (NPDWR) Violation C-8
D. PN Violations for Non-NPDWR Violations
(Other Potential Health Risk Situations) C-10
E. Violation/Reporting Examples C-
11
Section II. Returned to Compliance and Enforcement Action Reporting C-19
Section III. SDWIS/FED Reporting Time-lines C-21
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Section IV. Sources for Additional Information C-21
List of Exhibits
Exhibit 1 - SDWIS/FED DTP C1100 - Violation Record Data Elements C-7
Exhibit 2 - SDWIS/FED DTP C1100 - Violation/Link Record Data Elements C-9
Exhibit 3 - SDWIS/FED DTP - Public Notification Violation Record C-12
Exhibit 4 - SDWIS/FED DTP - Public Notification Violation Record C-13
Exhibit 5 - SDWIS/FED DTP Enforcement/Follow-up Record C-13
Exhibit 6 - SDWIS/FED Public Notification Violation Record After RTC C-14
Exhibit 7 - SDWIS/FED DTF - Public Notification Violation Record C-16
Exhibit 8a - Notice of Violation SDWIS/FED DTF Enforcement/
Follow-up Record C-16
Exhibit 8b - Returned to Compliance SDWIS/FED DTF Enforcement/
Follow-up Record C-16
Exhibit 9a - DTF Transactions for Violation and Enforcement Data C-18
Exhibit 9b - DTF Transactions for Violation and Enforcement Data C-19
Exhibit 10 - Returned to Compliance Definition C-20
Exhibit 11 - SDWIS/FED Reporting Time-lines C-21
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Background
This section discusses the Federal reporting requirements under 40 CFR Section
142.15(a)(1) for reporting violations, follow-up and enforcement actions, and "returned
to compliance information" to the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal version
(SDWIS/FED). Specific examples are provided for each reporting requirement including
examples of the SDWIS/FED data transfer format (DTF) which is required to upload the
data to SDWIS/FED. Reporting non-compliance with the revised Public Notification (PN)
rule via the informal public notice enforcement/follow-up actions is no longer a valid
method of reporting. Non-compliance must be reported as violations to SDWIS/FED. PN
reporting requirements apply to all water systems.
Section I. Federal Reporting Requirements
A. General Reporting Information
The Public Notification Rule (PN) establishes the requirements for public
notification of all NPDWR violations and other situations which pose a risk to public
health (e.g., Total Coliform Rule, Phase II/V Rule, Surface Water Treatment Rule,
waterborne disease outbreaks, periods of operation under a variance or exemption, etc.).
The severity of rule violations and the other specified situations requiring public
notification are classified into three tiers. Each tier defines the specific public notice
requirements which includes: method of delivery, due dates, frequency, and content. Tier
1 notification is required as soon as practical, but no later than 24 hours after the PWS
learns of the violation or PN situation; Tier 2 notification is required no later than 30 days
after; and Tier 3 notification is required not later than 1 year after. Refer to the specific
sections of the PN implementation guidance for those details.
For those situations where PN is required because of a violation of one or more of
the NPDWRs, a one-to-one relationship between the PN violation and the underlying
NPDWR violation will be established in SDWIS/FED by a new requirement to report a
violation to violation link attribute. The violation type code for NPDWR PN violations is 75.
For those situations where there is no underlying NPDWR violation, the PN violation is
reported without the link information and is differentiated by the PN violation type code
of 76. Violation and violation link reporting is discussed further in Section I.C. Reporting
when a system has returned to compliance and reporting of all formal enforcement
actions taken against PN violations are also required for this rule and are discussed
further in Section II.
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A Public Notice violation occurs when the PWS fails to meet one or more PN
requirement for any single Public Notice event. Some violation conditions require an
initial public notice and one or more "repeat" notices. Each requirement to provide a
public notice is considered a single event and requires a separate compliance evaluation.
Therefore, a long term violation condition which requires multiple repeat notices could
result in more than one PN violation.
A PN violation exists when a PWS fails to provide public notice which meets the
rule requirements for time, form, manner, and delivery as summarized below:
fails to generate and deliver the PN to its customers within the
appropriate time period,
fails to use the appropriate language and/or include required content,
fails to use the proper method of delivery (electronic, newspaper, etc.),
fails to prepare and deliver required repeat notices,
fails to provide a copy of the public notice and certification to the
State by the due date as specified in the rule.
(Refer to Section IV, A.1, of the Implementation Guidance for PN violation discussion and
Section I, B.2, for PN Tier discussion.)
The PN rule requires water systems to deliver the required certification that all
applicable PN requirements were met, along with a copy of the public notice, to the
primacy agency within the appropriate period of time. When the primacy agency
determines that the "certification" was not received within the appropriate period of time:
or upon review of the copy of the notice, the notice did not meet the content requirements,
or for the failure to meet any other requirement, the primacy agency must issue and
report a violation to SDWIS/FED under 40 CFR 142.15(a)(1). Because the intent of this
rule is to provide specific information to the public regarding their exposure to
contaminants and potential health risks, all public notice violations carry the same level
of severity. The underlying NPDWR violation drives the severity of the public's health risk
and is the basis for the new requirement to link the PN violation to the related NPDWR
violation. In addition, all public notices must be generated and delivered as required
before the water system may be considered "returned to compliance."
Violations and returned to compliance data should be reported to SDWIS/FED
within 45 days after the end of the quarter in which the violation occurred, or in which the
system returned to compliance. Examples on how to report violation and returned to
compliance data are provided in Section E.
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B. Violations
PN violations will be characterized in SDWIS/FED by the following data elements:
A unique violation record identifier (DTP element C1101) consisting of the 2
character federal fiscal year and a unique 5 character number.
A code identifying the Public Notice contaminant/rule code for which the violation
applies (DTP element C1103 = 7500).
A code describing the type of violation (DTP element C1105 = 75 or 76).
75 = NPDWR PN Violation
76 = Other Potential Health Risk Situations PN Violation (Non-NPDWR)
The violation/compliance period begin date (DTP element C1107).
The violation/compliance period end date which is defined as the date the water
system had returned to compliance as determined by the primacy agency. This
date is promoted from the returned to compliance date which is reported in the
enforcement/follow-up action record (DTP C1203 also populates C1109).
The link method code and the related data which identifies the underlying NPDWR
violation (DTP C1144 - NPDWR Violation ID Link, or C1145 - violation type,
rule/contaminant code, violation/compliance period begin date, and source entity
identification number [SEID] when applicable).
PN rule violations will have the contaminant/rule code of 7500. As a result,
SDWIS/FED will provide (default) the value of 7500 for data element C1103 when the
violation type code equals the PN type code 75 or 76. States may choose to include a
DTP transaction with this value to maintain consistency with other violation reporting.
That will be acceptable as long as the value reported for C1103 is 7500 for violations of
this rule.
Normally, violations are characterized by a begin and end date which equates to
the applicable monitoring period or by the range of dates in which a specific action or set
of actions was to have taken place. For this rule, the requirement is to deliver the public
notice and deliver the required certification regarding delivery and other applicable PN
requirements along with a copy of the notice to the primacy agency within a certain time
period following the system's awareness of the situation which requires a PN. If these
requirements are not met, a violation exists and is to be reported to SDWIS/FED. Under
the previous PN rule, the period of non-compliance was represented by the fixed
monitoring or compliance period range of dates related to the underlying NPDWR
violation.
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Under this rule, the period of non-compliance will be represented by the date the
PN violation began and the date the system returned to compliance as determined
by the primacy agency.
The violation/compliance period begin date is defined as the day after the PN
certification and copy of the notice is due to the primacy agency (ten days after the notice
is delivered) and is reported as the DTP element C1107. The violation/compliance period
end date, DTP element C1109, is NOT reported in the violation record for PN violations.
When SDWIS/FED processes the PN violation, the violation/compliance period end date
is populated with the future end date of 12/31/20151. When the PWS returns to
compliance and the State reports that information to SDWIS/FED, the date the PWS
returned to compliance will replace the defaulted violation/compliance period end date of
12/31/2015. This method of capturing non-compliance displays the actual period of time
the PWS was out of compliance, or, "in violation."
Should a system close down or no longer meet the definition of a PWS, once the
deactivation data is reported, SDWIS/FED will automatically replace the PN violation's
defaulted end date of 12/31/2015 with the deactivation date2. This will prevent States
from having to specifically close out these violations. (Note: Deactivation data should
NOT be reported during periods of off-season operation for seasonal systems). Should
the State desire to report something other than RTC for these inactive system's violations,
a "Intentional No Action" (SO6/EO6) enforcement/follow-up action may be reported and
linked to the violations. SDWIS/FED will replace the defaulted end date with the
(SO6/EO6) action date as it does with RTC actions. RTC should be reserved for
reporting when a system actually completes the requirement (e.g., preforms the notice,
meets the MCL, completes the monitoring, etc.,).
All PN violations are considered equivalent; therefore, the major violation indicator
(DTF element C1131) is not reported for PN rule violations.
12/31/2015 is an arbitrary date currently used within SDWIS/FED in situations where blank (null)
values are not allowed. It is merely a place-holder for a value which will be supplied when the
system's returned to compliance data is reported.
The deactivation data consists of the activity status changing from A = Active to I = Inactive and the
month and year of inactivation. This process will use the last day of the month in the deactivation
month to post as the violation/compliance period end date in the PN violation.
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Exhibit 1 below presents the violation record data and permitted values for PN rule
violations.
Exhibit 1 -SDWIS/FED DTP C11 00 -Violation Record Data Elements
Number
C1101
C1103*
C1105
C1107**
C1144or
C1145
Format
Char 7
Char 4
Char 2
Date 8 (yyyy/mm/dd)
Char 7
Char 40
Description
Violation ID
Contaminant/Rule Code = 7500
Violation Type Code = 75, 76
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date
NPDWR Violation ID
Violation Type, Rule/Contaminant Code,
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date,
SEID if appropriate
and
C1103 will be defaulted by SDWIS/FED or may be provided by the State
C1107 - The official data standard format for dates is YYYY/MM/DD; however,
SDWIS/FED will accept dates in either YYYY/MM/DD or MM/DD/YYYY format.
The Violation ID, DTP element C1101, is a number which uniquely identifies the
related attributes in a record. The violation record ID and the enforcement record ID are
used by SDWIS/FED to establish the processing domain for violations and enforcement
data in the total replacement processing mode. Record identifiers are also used in linking
violations to enforcements and now, in linking violations to violations. The first two
characters of these record identifiers must be a two digit number which represents the
federal fiscal year in which the primacy agency became aware of the violation or issued
the enforcement/follow-up action (e.g., enforcement/follow-up action date 07/10/1999
would have an enforcement record ID of "99" in the first two positions of the field). Proper
use and designation of record identifiers is critical to the successful submission,
maintenance and linking of violation-to-violation and violation-to-enforcement data. Refer
to the SDWIS/FED Data Entry Instructions for more detailed information.
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Things to Remember
o Violations begin the day after the missed requirement's deadline.
o The violation ends when the primacy agency determines that the system has
returned to compliance.
o Violation/Compliance period end dates are defaulted by SDWIS/FED (NOT
reported by the state).
o Defaulted Violation/Compliance period end dates are replaced by the RTC
date when the Enforcement/follow-up Record is reported and linked to the PN
violation.
o Violation Type Codes: 75 PN Violation for an NPDWR Violation
76 Other Potential Health Risk Situations PN
Violations
o 75 - NPDWR PN violations MUST be linked to their underlying
NPDWR rule violations.
o Other Potential Health Risk Situation PN Violations do not have underlying
violations.
o States should begin reporting under new requirements within 6 months after
adoption.
o Repeat PN notice requirements are considered separate PN events and are
subject to the same compliance determination criteria and reporting
requirements as the initial PN event. They are reported with the same
violation type code as the initial PN event and carry the same level of severity.
C. PN Link to Originating Rule (NPDWR) Violation
The revised PN rule requires information be reported which will identify the
underlying NPDWR violation and information which will allow violations to be linked.
Information required to perform this link is similar to the information currently required to
link violations and enforcements.
Linking the PN violation to the underlying violation may be accomplished by one
of two methods: providing the specific underlying violation's record identifier number, or
by providing the underlying violation's violation type code, contaminant/rule code, and the
violation/compliance period begin date and when appropriate the Source Entity
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Identification Number (SEID). These methods are similar to the Y5000 and Z5000
enforcement to violation link methods currently in use.
Initially, the link data will not establish a true relationship between the PN violation
and the underlying NPDWR violation due to pending revisions to EPA's Information
Strategy Plan, anticipated changes to its current data transfer format (DTP), and related
edit/update software which will impact how these relationships are actually created and
maintained in the SDWIS/FED data base. Final decisions are not expected until late
2001; thus the required link data will only be stored as attributes in the PN violation
record until the anticipated DTP and related SDWIS/FED software changes are made.
This implementation provides the information required to identify the underlying violation
and its related enforcements and compliance status as well as provides the required data
to establish the actual relationship in SDWIS/FED in the near future while minimizing the
implementation impact on the States.
Exhibit 2 - SDWIS/FED DTP C1100 - Violation/Link Record Data
Elements
Number
C1144
C1145
Description
NPDWR Violation's Record Identification Number Link Method
NPDWR Violation's Contaminant/Rule, Violation Type,
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date (SE-ID*) Link Method
* The water system source facility identification number (SE-ID -C1143) is required when the State
reports chemical violations at the facility level instead of the PWS level.
Included in the Information Strategy Plan Revision analysis, EPA is considering
requiring all record identifiers be unique and permanent which will result in significant
improvements in data quality and simplify the use and maintenance of SDWIS/FED's
relational data. Because of this probable change, States which maintain unique,
permanent violation record identifiers may report PN violations using either link method
(C1144 or C1145). States which do not, should use the C1145 link method. States using
SDWIS/STATE need not be concerned because SDWIS/STATE uses unique and
permanent record identifiers and links records by that method.
SDWIS/FED will begin accepting data in the revised reporting format as of July 15,
2001. As of that date, attempts to report violations with violation type code 75 (revised
reporting type code for PN violations linked to NPDWR violations), which do not have the
link to the underlying NPDWR violation data, will result in the PN violation being
REJECTED. Until the State adopts the revised PN regulations and begins reporting
under the new requirements, the State should continue to report PN violations under the
old PN rule's requirements (underlying rule contaminant code, PN violation type code of
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06, and the begin and end date of the underlying violation). When EPA modifies its
implementation of link data to being maintained as a relationship between the PN violation
and the underlying NPDWR violation, if the underlying NPDWR violation is not in the
SDWIS/FED database, the PN violation will be rejected. EPA will provide advanced notice
prior to implementing that edit criteria. Examples of how to report NPDWR violations are
presented in Section E.
D. PN Violations for Non-NPDWR Violations
(Other Potential Health Risk Situations)
PN violations for those other situations which pose a risk to public health will be
referred to as a group from this point on as "Non-NPDWR" or "Other Potential Health Risk
Situation". Since these "Other" situations which require a public notice are not related
to a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation violation (e.g., waterborne disease
outbreaks or emergency situations, exceedances of the Fluoride secondary maximum
contaminant level (SMCL), and notices required because the PWS is operating under a
variance, etc.), we have designated a separate violation type code for those types of PN
violations of 76 - Other (Non-NPDWR) Potential Health Risk Situations.
As these violations do not have underlying NPDWR violations, there is no link data
to be reported. These violations will be characterized by the same attributes as the
NPDWR violations with the exception of the C1144 and C1145 link attributes which will
not be used for these violations. Reporting of all formal enforcement/follow-up actions
and return to compliance data is also the same. Examples of how to report these
violations are also presented in Section E.
Because tracking compliance with PN requirements is based on "when the PWS
learns of the violation or other situation" which requires PN, AND a period of time which
is established based on the "Tier" of the violation or situation, PLUS thelO days within
which the certification and copy of the notice must be provided to you, you may wish to
simplify your tracking by "determining" the system was "aware" of the violation or situation
based on the date of your notice of violation or the date of the letter or phone call advising
the system to perform public notification. Our examples use the day after the end of the
compliance period plus the 10 day report to the state period. In reality, the begin date
could be ANY day of the month based on your system of notifying the PWS of violation
conditions and your recordkeeping system. We recommend that a state develops a
standardized method of tracking and reporting PN begin dates to simplify the process.
Water systems operating under a variance or exemption must provide PN not less
than 1 year after the begin date of operation under the variance or exemption. In
addition, additional repeat notices must be provided annually from then on until they
cease operating under the variance or exemption. Each required PN, whether initial or
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one of the repeats, is considered a separate PN event and requires individual compliance
determination. A separate violation is to be reported for each PN event in which one or
more requirement was not met. A separate violation type code for repeats was not
created; thus both initial and repeat PN violations are reported using the same violation
type code.
Specific information on Variance and Exemptions is also required to be included
in the system's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). Depending on the begin
date of the variance or exemption, the delivery date, and method of delivery for their
CCR, PN requirements may be met through their CCR without having to perform a
separate PN notification. Refer to the CCR guidance and Section I, B.6, of the PN
Implementation Guidance for specific requirements. In either case, multiple NPDWR
violations and/or other situations requiring PN may be included in a single "annual" public
notice. Therefore, one RTC enforcement/follow-up action record may require multiple
links to multiple PN violations . Because the Tier 3 PN violations are those most likely
to be addressed in the "annual" notice method, you might consider specifically tracking
the "Tier" in your data base.
Note: When a Variance or Exemption is granted to a PWS, a Variance and
Exemption record should be reported to SDWIS/FED which provides
specific information regarding the contaminant(s) covered, the period
involved, and the conditions under which the system must operate
during the period of coverage. For specific information on how to
report variances, refer to the SDWIS/FED Data Entry Instructions.
E. Violation/Reporting Examples
Examples of what to report for Non-NPDWR and NPDWR PN violations, how to link
the PN violation to underlying violations, how to report enforcement/follow-up actions, how
to report when the violation has returned to compliance, and the appropriate SDWIS/FED
Data Transfer File (DTF) format for each type of data, are provided on the following
pages. For all examples, we will assume the State has adopted the PN rule.
Violation Type Code 75 - NPDWR PN Violation Examples
Example 1: 75 - NPDWR Violation
A system (MM9988777) delivers the public notification for the December 1, 2001
SWTR treatment technique violation for exceeding the single maximum allowable turbidity
limit within the appropriate time period (Tier 1 - required within 24 hours). It fails to
provide a copy to the State by December 11, 2001. The State determines the public
notification has not been provided as of December 12, 2001 and designates a PN
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violation. By February 15, 2002 (within 45 days after the end of the quarter), the State
should report the following violation information:
Exhibit 3 - SDWIS/FED DTP - Public Notification Violation Record
C1101
C1103*
C1105
C1107
0200213
7500
75
2001/12/12
Violation ID
Contaminant Code (Rule Code)
Violation Type Code
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date
*Note: C1103 and will be defaulted by SDWIS/FED to 7500 or may be entered by the Primacy Agency.
SDWIS/FED will populate the violation/compliance period end date (C1109) with the
default date of 12/31/2015. (Should the State report an end date, SDWIS/FED will reject
it.)
Originating Rule Violation information:
C1101 0200101 Violation ID
C1103 0200 Contaminant Code (Rule Code for SWTR)
C1105 41 Violation Type Code (for Treatment Technique)
C1107 2001/12/01 Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date
C1109 2001/12/31 Violation/Compliance Period End Date
The State elects to link the PN violation to the originating rule violation by the
C1144 link method (link by Violation ID) because it maintains permanent Violation IDs for
all violations. In addition to the information in Exhibit 3, the State should also report the
following:
C1144
0200101
Link to Originating Violation by ID
The DTF transactions for this violation with link record are:
DTF Transactions for Violation Data for Exhibit 3
Columns
1-2
D1
D1
Columns
3-11
MM9988777
MM9988777
Columns
12-18
0200213
0200213
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1105
IC1107
Columns
32-71
75
20011212
C-12
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D1
MM9988777
0200213
C1144
0200101
If the State had elected to link the PN violation to the underlying violation by the
C1145 link method (the underlying violation's Violation Type, Contaminant/Rule, and
Compliance Period Begin Date), the violation record and related DTP transactions would
be reported as follows:
Exhibit 4 - SDWIS/FED DTP - Public Notification Violation Record
C1101
C1103*
C1105
C1107
C1145
0200213
7500
75
2001/12/12
41020020011201
Violation ID
Contaminant Code (Rule Code)
Violation Type Code
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date
Violation Type-Contaminant/Rule-Violation/
Compliance Period Begin Date (SEID*)
*Note: C1103 and will be defaulted by SDWIS/FED to 7500 or may be entered by the Primacy Agency.
SEID is only reported as link criteria when the underlying violations are reported at the Source Entity
(entry point) level.
DTP Transactions for Violation Data for Exhibit 4
Columns
1-2
D1
D1
D1
Columns
3-11
MM9988777
MM9988777
MM9988777
Columns
12-18
0200213
0200213
0200213
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1105
IC1107
C1145
Columns
32-71
75
20011212
41020020011201
On May 20, 2002, the PWS provides a copy of the public notice to the State and
returns to compliance. On August 15, 2002 (45 days after the end of the quarter the PWS
returns to compliance) the State must report the returned to compliance follow-up action
and the required RTC to PN violation link. The State elects to report the follow-up action
by the Z5000 (violation type, contaminant/rule, compliance period begin date) link
method. The example below displays the required information:
| Exhibit 5 - SDWIS/FED DTP Enforcement/Follow-up Record |
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C1201
C1203
C1205
Z5000
0200333
2002/05/20
SOX
75750020011212
Enforcement ID
Enf-Action-Date
Enf-Action-Code
Enf-Linkto Violation
The DTP transactions for this record are:
DTP Transactions for Enforcement/Follow-up Data for Exhibit 5
Columns
1-2
E1
E1
E1
Columns
3-11
MM9988777
MM9988777
MM9988777
Columns
12-18
0200333
0200333
0200333
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1203
IC1205
Z5000
Columns
32-71
20020520
SOX
757500020011212
Once the returned to compliance enforcement/follow-up action record is submitted
and linked to the PN violation(s), SDWIS/FED replaces the PN violation/compliance period
end date with the returned to compliance record's action date. In the example above, the
data in SDWIS/FED for that PN violation would appear as follows:
Exhibit 6 - SDWIS/FED Public Notification Violation Record After RTC
C1101
C1103
C1105
C1107
C1109
C1145
0200013
7500
75
2001/12/12
2002/05/20
41020020011201
Violation ID
Contaminant Code (Rule Code)
Violation Type Code
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date
Violation/Compliance Period End Date (Date RTC from linked
Enforcement/Follow-up Action Record)
Violation Type-Contaminant/Rule-Compliance Period Begin Date
Link to underlying NPDWR violation information.
Reporting violations at the entry point level is not appropriate for
SWTR violations therefore, SEID would not be required.
Example 2: 75 - NPDWR PN Violation (Tier 2)
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A water system incurs a non-turbidity* SWTR Treatment Technique violation for
January 2004; and learns of the violation on February 13, 2004. It delivers the required
PN to the customers and the state on February 25th (This is a Tier 2 violation which must
be provided within 30 days of learning of the violation or, by 3/15/2004). At the same time,
the system also provides the state with the required certification. Upon review of the copy
of the notice on March 5th, the state determines the content is not adequate and that a
new notice must be prepared and delivered. The system prepares a new notice, delivers
it to its customers, and provides the certification and copy of the notice to the state on
March 15, 2004. The state determines the new notice is adequate and all other
requirements have been met. This system does not incur a violation because an
adequate notice was provided within the required period of time. (*Had this been a
turbidity violation, the system would also be required to consult with the State within 24
hours of learning of the violation to deterimine if Tier 1 notice should be given.)
If this system had failed to produce, deliver and provide the notice to customers
and send a copy of the notice and certification to the state by the March 25th deadline
(certification and copy of the notice is due to the state within 10 days from delivery of the
notice), a violation would be reported. The violation/compliance period begin date would
have been the day after the due date of the notice, March 26, 2004. If this system
provided the certification, etc., on August 15, 2004, and the state reported the returned
to compliance record, the violation would be displayed as follows:
Contaminant Code: 7500
Violation type Code: 75
Compliance Period Begin Date: March 26, 2004
Compliance Period End Date: August 15, 2004 *
NPDWR Link Data: 41 0200 2004/01/01 (vio type, SWTR rule code,
violation/compliance period begin date)
* Note: The compliance period end date is promoted from the enforcement/follow-up action
record for the returned to compliance action and replaces the SDWIS/FED defaulted
date of 12/31/2015.
Violation Type Code 76 - Other Potential Health Risk Situations
PN Violation Examples
Example 3: 76 - WaterBorne Disease Outbreak and Emergencies (Tier 1)
The local county health official calls the XYZ water system (XX1234567) on March
12, 2002, to officially notify the system that an outbreak of a waterborne disease was
traced back to their system. The PWS fails to produce the PN and deliver it to their
customers within the appropriate time period (Tier 1 notice is required as soon as practical
C-15
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but no later than 24 hours after the system learns of the outbreak). The state learns of the
outbreak from the newspaper or state health officials on April 2, 2002. The state
determines a PN requirement existed which was not met by the PWS and issues a
violation with a begin date of March 23, 2002. Because there is no underlying violation,
no link data is required. By May 15, 2002 you would report the following information to
SDWIS/FED:
Exhibit 7 - SDWIS/FED DTP - Public Notification Violation Record
C1101
C1103*
C1105
C1107
0201223
7500
76
2002/03/23
Violation ID
Contaminant Code (Rule Code)
Violation Type Code
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date
*Note: C1103 and will be defaulted by SDWIS/FED to 7500 or may be entered by the Primacy Agency.
The DTP transactions for this record are:
DTP Transactions for Violation Data for Exhibit 7
Columns
1-2
D1
D1
Columns
3-11
XX1 234567
XX1 234567
Columns
12-18
0201223
0201223
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1105
IC1107
Columns
32-71
76
20020323
On April 2, 2002, you issue a Notice of Violation to the PWS for failure to deliver the
PN. The PWS must deliver the PN before it can return to compliance. It does so and
provides the state with the required certification and copy of the notice on May 10, 2002.
The state elects to link the two actions to the PN violation by the Y5000 link method. By
August 15, 2002 you would report the following enforcement/follow-up actions:
Exhibit 8a - Notice of Violation
SDWIS/FED DTP Enforcement/Follow-up Record
C1201
C1203
C1205
Y5000
0208340
2002/04/02
SFJ
0201223
Enforcement ID
Enf-Action-Date
Enf-Action-Code
Enf-Link to Violation ID
C-16
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Exhibit 8b - Returned to Compliance
SDWIS/FED DTP Enforcement/Follow-up Record
C1201
C1203
C1205
Y5000
0208301
2002/05/10
SOX
0201223
Enforcement ID
Enf-Action-Date
Enf-Action-Code
Enf-Link to Violation ID
The DTP transactions for these records are:
DTP Transactions for Enforcement/Follow-up Data for Exhibits 8a and 8b
Columns
1-2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
Columns
3-11
XX1 234567
XX1 234567
XX1 234567
XX1 234567
XX1 234567
XX1 234567
Columns
12-18
0208301
0208301
0208301
0208340
0208340
0208340
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1203
IC1205
Y5000
IC1203
IC1205
Y5000
Columns
32-71
20020510
SOX
0201223
20020402
SFJ
0208301
Both enforcement/follow-up actions will be linked to the same PN violation. When
SDWIS/FED processes the returned to compliance action, the action date (May 10, 2002)
will replace the violation/compliance period end date in the PN violation. Reporting of the
Other Potential Health Risk Situations PN Violations are reported the same way. The only
variation will be the violation/compliance period begin date which is based on the actual
PN requirements for the specific type of potential health risk.
Example 4: 76 - PWS Operating Under a Variance or Exemption (Tier 3)
System VV9876541 was granted a variance for 1-2-3 Death contaminant for the
period of October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2008. Because this is a Tier 3 PN
requirement, the PWS must notify its customers via it's CCR and/or through a separate
PN. It must also provide annual repeat notices. The initial notice is due September 30,
2006. Their first CCR after the variance was granted is due by July 1, 2006 and could be
used for the initial PN requirement as long as they include the proper language and
incorporate the appropriate delivery method and addressees, etc. The PWS indicates
they will use the CCR to provide the required PN. However, upon review of the CCR on
August 2, 2006, you determine that the PWS failed to include the proper language and
C-17
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failed to deliver to the required addressees. You notify the PWS of this deficiency and
that it must provide a separate notice. The system provides the PN as required and
certifies (with a copy) that it has done so on September 28, 2006.
In this example, the PWS is not in violation. They had the full year to perform the
notice. If they had not completed the notice until November 12, 2006, they would have
incurred a violation. The violation would be characterized as follows:
Contaminant Code:
Violation type Code:
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date:
Defaulted Violation/Compliance Period End Date:
7500
76
October 11, 2006
December 31, 2015
After you report the RTC date of November 12, 2006, linked to the violation, the violation
would be characterized as follows:
Contaminant Code:
Violation type Code:
Violation/Compliance Period Begin Date:
Defaulted Violation/Compliance Period End Date:
7500
76
October 11, 2006
November 12, 2006
Because the violation and RTC occurred within the same reporting period, the data
reported to SDWIS/FED within 45 days after the end of the quarter in which the actions
took place (February 15, 2007), would be as follows:
Exhibit 9a: DTP Transactions for Violation and Enforcement Data
Columns
1-2
D1
D1
E1
E1
E1
Columns
3-11
VV9876541
VV9876541
VV9876541
VV9876541
VV9876541
Columns
12-18
0700011
0700011
0700012
0700012
0700012
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1105
IC1107
IC1203
IC1205
Z5000
Columns
32-71
76
20061011
20061112
SOX
77750020061011
Note: 1 . There is no underlying NPDWR violation. Therefore there is no violation to violation link
data in the violation record.
2. The enforcement/follow-up record is linked to the PN violation by the PN violation type
code, the contaminant/rule code for PN, and the violation/compliance period begin date
of the PN violation.
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If the initial notice was due by October 10, 2006 as in the example above, the
repeat notices would be due on October 10 of each succeeding year. Should any one
of the PN requirements not be met, a violation is incurred. Repeat annual notice
violations are reported exactly the same way as the initial PN violation with the exception
of the violation begin date, which should reflect the appropriate year.
If this RTC enforcement/follow-up action represented an "annual" notice which
contained proper notice for this PN violation, a June 2005 TCR monthly M/R PN violation,
and an October 2005 annual Fluoride M/R PN violation, the following data would be
included with the RTC data:
Exhibit 9b: DTP Transactions for Violation and Enforcement Data
Columns
1-2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
Columns
3-11
VV9876541
VV9876541
VV9876541
VV9876541
VV9876541
Columns
12-18
0700012
0700012
0700012
0700012
0700012
Columns
19-25
Columns
26-31
IC1203
IC1205
Z5000
Z5000
Z5000
Columns
32-71
20061112
SOX
77750020061011
26310020060711
03102520061111
Note: This example assumes the PWS learned of the PN requirement on the last day of the M/R
period. Therefore, the TCR M/R PN (Tier 3) was due by July 1 0, 2006 and the Fluoride (Tier
3) M/R PN was due by November 1 1 , 2006.
Section II. Returned to Compliance and Enforcement
Action Reporting
Reporting that a system has returned to compliance is required for PN violations
and is reported as an enforcement/follow-up action record. This record consists of the
enforcement/follow-up action ID, the action type (SOX/EOX = returned to compliance),
and the action date which is defined as the date the primacy agency determines the
system subsequently met all requirements. In addition, all formal enforcement actions
taken against systems for violations of this rule are required to be reported to
SDWIS/FED. Both "returned to compliance" and formal enforcements should be linked
to the specific violation(s) they address. The following describes the two appropriate ways
in which enforcement and follow-up actions, formal and informal (including returned to
compliance), may be linked to PN rule violations:
Associated Violation IDs (Y5000) - FY& VIOLATION ID NUMBER.
C-19
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Entering the specific violation ID(s) to which the enforcement action is
related will establish a link between the enforcement record and each
violation record matching the specific violation ID. If no links are established
(reported violation ID(s) not found/matched on the data base) the
enforcement record will be posted to the data base and the link data will be
rejected.3
Associated Violation Contaminant Groups (Z5000) -
TYPE, CONTAMINANT/RULE, VIOLATION/COMPLIANCE PERIOD
BEGIN DATE (YYYY/ MM/DD)
Entering the violation type code (75), the contaminant code (7500) and the
violation/compliance period begin date will establish a link between the
enforcement action and all PN violations which exactly match the
enforcement link data. If no matches are found, the enforcement record will
be posted to the data base and the link data will be rejected.
Only the Y5000 and Z5000 enforcement/violation linking methods are appropriate
for the PN rule violations. The J5000 method will be modified to reject the entire record
when PN violation type codes are present. The X5000 link method is based on a begin
and end date resulting in a link to every violation falling within those dates which is not
always appropriate. Therefore, this link method is being considered for elimination in the
near future. As mentioned earlier, EPA is re-evaluating its use of the record identifier. We
recommend States which do not maintain unique and permanent record identifiers for its
violations and enforcement actions use the Z5000 link method. States that do may use
either link method. Examples of how to report these violation/enforcement link methods
are provided in the violation section above. Exhibit 10 defines returned to compliance.
Exhibit 10- Returned to Compliance Definition
System subsequently delivers the public notification, and delivers a copy of the notice to the State
as required under §141.31.
Corrections should be submitted to SDWIS/FED as soon as possible to provide the correct
link data for the violation-to-violation and enforcement-to-violation records.
C-20
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Exhibit 10- Returned to Compliance Definition
Generic Definition:
If the system did not send in either a copy of the notice or the certification by the required
deadline, the system has subsequently sent the State the required document.
If the system prepared an inadequate notice, the system has subsequently prepared a
notice that addresses all deficiencies identified by the State, and the system has
subsequently sent the State the required document.
Section
SDWIS/FED Reporting Time-Lines
Exhibit 11 - SDWIS/FED Reporting Time-lines
Category
Earliest
SDWIS/FED
Acceptance Date
Revised PN
Rule Adoption
Deadline
Violations, Violation Links and Enforcements (includes RTC)
State should report within 45
days after the end of the
quarter in which the violation or
enforcement occurs.
July 15,2001
May 6, 2002
SDWIS/FED
Reporting
Deadline
2nd Quarterly
Reporting Period
After Date of
Adoption.
Because EPA believes that timely and complete reporting of PN
violations by the States is one of the keys to making the public
notification process work, SDWIS/FED will be modified to accept the
revised PN violation and violation link data as of July 15, 2001. From
July 15, 2001 to May 5, 2002, States may report under the current
reporting method or the revised reporting method. After the May 6,
2002 rule adoption deadline, States should report PN violations in
accordance with the reporting methods outlined in this appendix
within 6 months (by the 2nd quarterly reporting period) after the State's
adoption date.
C-21
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Section IV. Sources for Additional Information
Additional technical information on SDWIS/FED reporting requirements can be
obtained by contacting Fran Haertel of the Infrastructure Branch, Drinking Water Prtection
Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water at (214)-665-8090.
Additional technical information on the Public Notice Rule can be obtained by
contacting Kathleen Wlliams of the Protection Branch, Drinking Water Protection Division,
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water at (202)-260-2589.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
C-22
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Appendix D. PN Rule Appendices
Appendix A to Subpart Q of Part 141
NPDWR Violations and Other Situations Requiring Public Notice1
Contaminant
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
Citation
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
Citation
I. Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):3
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1 . Total coliform
2. Fecal coliform/
£. co/;
3. Turbidity MCL
4. Turbidity MCL
(average of 2 days'
samples > 5 MTU)
2
1
2
2, 15
141.63(a)
141.63(b)
141.13(a)
141.13(b)
3
1, 34
3
3
141.21(a)-(e)
141.21(e)
141.22
141.22
D-1
-------
Contaminant
5. Turbidity
(for TT violations
resulting from a
single exceedance
of the max. allowable
turbidity level)
6. Surface Water
Treatment Rule
violations
(other than violations
resulting from single
exceedance of max.
allowable turbidity
level (TT))
7. Interim Enhanced
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
violations
(other than violations
resulting from single
exceedance of max.
turbidity level (TT))
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
2, 16
2
2
Citation
141.71(a)(2),
141.71(c)(2)(i),
141.73(a)(2),
141.73(b)(2),
141.73(c)(2),
141.73(d),
141.173(a)(2),
141.173(b)
141.70-141.73
141.170-
141. 1737
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
3
3
3
Citation
141.74(a)(1),
141.74(b)(2),
141.74(c)(1),
141.174
141.74
141.172
141.174
B. Inorganic Chemicals (lOCs)
1 . Antimony
2. Arsenic
3. Asbestos
(fibers >10 |jm)
4. Barium
5. Beryllium
2
2
2
2
2
141.62(b)
141.62(b)8
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
3
3
3
3
3
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)9
141.23(a)-(b)
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)
D-2
-------
Contaminant
6. Cadmium
7. Chromium (total)
8. Cyanide
9. Fluoride
10. Mercury
(inorganic)
1 1 . Nitrate
12. Nitrite
13. Total Nitrate
and Nitrite
14. Selenium
15. Thallium
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
Citation
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
141.62(b)
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
3
3
3
3
3
1,310
1,310
3
3
3
Citation
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (d)
141.23(f)(2)
141.23(a), (e)
141.23(f)(2)
141.23(a)
141.23(a), (c)
141.23(a), (c)
D-3
-------
Contaminant
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
Citation
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
Citation
C. Lead and Copper Rule (Action Level for lead is 0.01 5 mg/L, for copper is 1 .3 mg/L)
1. Lead and Copper
Rule (TT)
2
141.80-141.85
3
141.86-141.89
D. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
1.2,4-D
2. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
3. Alachlor
4. Atrazine
5. Benzo(a)pyrene
(PAHs)
6. Carbofuran
7. Chlordane
8. Dalapon
9. Di (2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
10. Di (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
1 1 . Dibromochloro-
propane
12. Dinoseb
13. Dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD)
14. Diquat
15. Endothall
16. Endrin
17. Ethylene
dibromide
18. Glyphosate
19. Heptachlor
20. Heptachlor
epoxide
21 . Hexachloro-
benzene
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
141 .61(c)
141.61(c)
141.61(c)
141.61(0)
141.61(c)
141.61(0)
141.61(c)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
D-4
-------
Contaminant
22. Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene
23. Lindane
24. Methoxychlor
25. Oxamyl (Vydate)
26. Pentachloro-
phenol
27. Picloram
28. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
29. Simazine
30. Toxaphene
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Citation
141 .61(c)
141.61(c)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
141.61(0)
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Citation
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
141.24(h)
E. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
1 . Benzene
2. Carbon
tetrachloride
3. Chlorobenzene
(monochloro-
benzene)
4. o-Dichlorobenzene
5. p-Dichlorobenzene
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane
7. 1,1-Dichloro-
ethylene
8. c/s-1 ,2-Dichloro-
ethylene
9. frans-1 ,2-Dichloro-
ethylene
10. Dichloromethane
11. 1,2-Dichloro-
propane
12. Ethylbenzene
13. Styrene
14. Tetrachloro-
ethylene
15. Toluene
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
D-5
-------
Contaminant
16. 1,2,4-Trichloro-
benzene
17. 1,1,1-Trichloro-
ethane
18. 1,1,2-Trichloro-
ethane
19. Trichloroethylene
20. Vinyl chloride
21 . Xylenes (total)
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
2
2
2
2
2
2
Citation
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
141. 61 (a)
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
3
3
3
3
3
3
Citation
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
141.24(f)
F. Radioactive Contaminants
1 . Beta/photon
emitters
2. Alpha emitters
3. Combined radium
(226 and 228)
4. Uranium
2
2
2
2ii
141.66(d)
141.66(c)
141.66(b)
141.66(e)
3
3
3
312
141.25(a)
141.26(b)
141.25(a)
141.26(a)
141.25(a)
141.26(a)
141.25(a)
141.26(a)
G. Disinfection Byproducts (DBFs). Byproduct Precursors. Disinfectant Residuals.
Where disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants
combine with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form
chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBFs). EPA sets standards for
controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBFs in drinking water, including
trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).13
1 . Total
trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
2. Haloacetic Acids
(HAAS)
3. Bromate
4. Chlorite
5. Chlorine (MRDL)
2
2
2
2
2
141. 12, 14
141.64(a)
141.64(a)
141.64(a)
141.64(a)
141.65(a)
3
3
3
3
3
141.30,
141.132(a)-(b)
141.132(a)-(b)
141.132(a)-(b)
141.132(a)-(b)
141.132(a), (c)
D-6
-------
Contaminant
6. Chloramine
(MRDL)
7. Chlorine dioxide
(MRDL), where any
2 consecutive daily
samples at
entrance to
distribution system
only are above
MRDL
8. Chlorine dioxide
(MRDL), where
sample(s) in
distribution system
the next day are
also above MRDL
9. Control of DBP
precursors -
TOCfTT)
10. Bench marking
and disinfection
profiling
1 1 . Development of
monitoring plan
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
2
2
116
2
N/A
N/A
Citation
141.65(a)
141.65(a),
141.133(c)(3)
141.65(a),
141.133(c)(3)
141.135(a)-(b)
N/A
N/A
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
3
215, 3
1
3
3
3
Citation
141.132(a), (c)
141.132(a), (c)
141.133(c)(2)
141.132(a), (c)
141.133(c)(2)
141.132(3), (d)
141.172
141.132(f)
H. Other Treatment Techniques
1 . Acrylamide (TT)
2. Epichlorohydrin
(TT)
2
2
141.111
141.111
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
II. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring:17
A. Unregulated
contaminants
B. Nickel
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3
3
141.40
141.23(c), (k)
D-7
-------
Contaminant
MCL/MRDL/TT Violations2
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
Citation
Monitoring and Testing
Procedure Violations
Tier of
Public
Notice
Required
Citation
III. Public Notification for Variances and Exemptions:
A. Operation under a
variance or
exemption
B. Violation of
conditions of a
variance or
exemption
3
2
1415, 1416, 18
1415, 1416,
142. 30719
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
IV. Other Situations Requiring Public Notification:
A. Fluoride secondary
maximum
contaminant level
(SMCL)
exceedance
B. Exceedance of
nitrate MCL for
non-community
systems, as
allowed by primacy
agency
C. Availability of
unregulated
contaminant
monitoring data
D. Waterborne
disease outbreak
E. Other waterborne
emergency20
F. Other situations as
determined by
Drimacv aaencv
3
1
3
1
1
1,2, 321
143.3
141.11(d)
141.40
141.2,
141.71(c)(2)(ii)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
D-8
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Appendix A - Endnotes
1. Violations and other situations not listed in this table (e.g., reporting violations and failure to
prepare Consumer Confidence Reports), do not require notice, unless otherwise determined by
the primacy agency. Primacy agencies may, at their option, also require a more stringent public
notice tier (e.g., Tier 1 instead of Tier 2 or Tier 2 instead of Tier 3) for specific violations and
situations listed in this Appendix, as authorized under §141.202(a) and §141.203(a).
2. MCL - Maximum contaminant level, MRDL - Maximum residual disinfectant level, TT - Treatment
technique
3. The term Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) is used here to
include violations of MCL, MRDL, treatment technique, monitoring, and testing procedure
requirements.
4. Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coli is a Tier 1 violation if testing is not done after any repeat
sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring and testing procedure
violations are Tier 3.
5. Systems that violate the turbidity MCL of 5 NTU based on an average of measurements over two
consecutive days must initiate consultation with the primacy agency within 24 hours after learning
of the violation. Based on this consultation, the primacy agency may subsequently decide to
elevate the violation to Tier 1. If a system is unable to make contact with the primacy agency in
the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to Tier 1.
6. Systems with treatment technique violations involving a single exceedance of a maximum turbidity
limit under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) or the Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule (IESWTR) are required to initiate consultation with the primacy agency within 24
hours after learning of the violation. Based on this consultation, the primacy agency may
subsequently decide to elevate the violation to Tier 1. If a system is unable to make contact with
the primacy agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to Tier 1.
7. Most of the requirements of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (63 FR 69477)
(§§141.170-141.171, 141.173-141.174) become effective January 1, 2002 for Subpart H systems
(surface water systems and ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water)
serving at least 10,000 persons. However, §141.172 has some requirements that become
effective as soon as April 16, 1999. The Surface Water Treatment Rule remains in effect for
systems serving at least 10,000 persons even after 2002; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule adds additional requirements and does not in many cases supercede the SWTR.
8. The arsenic MCL citations are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the citations are §141.11(b)
and§141.23(n).
9. The arsenic Tier 3 violation MCL citations are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the citations
are §141.23(a), (I).
10. Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an initial sample
exceeds the MCL is a Tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for nitrate are Tier 3.
11. The uranium MCL Tier 2 violation citations are effective December 8, 2003 for all community water
D-9
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systems.
12. The uranium Tier 3 violation citations are effective December 8, 2000 for all community water
systems.
13. Subpart H community and non-transient non-community systems serving > 10,000 must comply
with new DBP MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring requirements beginning January
1, 2002. All other community and non-transient non-community systems must meet the MCLs and
MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Subpart H transient non-community systems serving 10,000
or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the
chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002. Subpart H tranient non-community systems
serving fewer than 10,000 persons and using only ground water not under the direct influence of
surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine
dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
14. §141.12 will no longer apply after January 1, 2004.
15. Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system the day after
exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a Tier 2 violation.
16. If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL for chlorine
dioxide and one or more samples taken in the distribution system the next day exceed the MRDL,
Tier 1 notification is required. Failure to take the required samples in the distribution system after
the MRDL is exceeded at the entry point also triggers Tier 1 notification.
17. Some water systems must monitor for certain unregulated contaminants listed in §141.40.
18. This citation refers to §§1415 and 1416 of the Safe Drinking Water Act. §§1415 and 1416 require
that "a schedule prescribed ... for a public water system granted a variance [or exemption] shall
require compliance by the system..."
19. In addition to §§1415 and 1416 of the Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR 142.307 specifies the
items and schedule milestones to be included in a variance for small systems.
20. Other waterborne emergencies require a Tier 1 public notice under §141.202(a) for situations that
do not meet the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak given in 40 CFR 141.2 but that still
have the potential to have serious adverse effects on health as a result of short-term exposure.
These could include outbreaks not related to treatment deficiencies, as well as situations that have
the potential to cause outbreaks, such as failures or significant interruption in water treatment
processes, natural disasters that disrupt the water supply or distribution system, chemical spills,
or unexpected loading of possible pathogens into the source water.
21. Primacy agencies may place other situations in any tier they believe appropriate, based on threat
to public health.
D-10
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Appendix B to Subpart Q of Part 141 -
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1a. Total coliform
Zero
See
footnote3
Conforms are bacteria that are naturally
present in the environment and are used as an
indicator that other, potentially-harmful,
bacteria may be present. Conforms were
found in more samples than allowed and this
was a warning of potential problems.
1 b. Fecal coliform/
£. co/;'
Zero
Zero
Fecal conforms and £. co/;' are bacteria whose
presence indicates that the water may be
contaminated with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause short-
term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They
may pose a special health risk for infants,
young children, some of the elderly, and
people with severely compromised immune
systems.
2a. Turbidity (MCL)4
None
1 NTU5/
5 NTU
Turbidity has no health effects. However,
turbidity can interfere with disinfection and
provide a medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence of
disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that
can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
2b. Turbidity
(SWTR TT)6
None
Turbidity has no health effects. However,
turbidity can interfere with disinfection and
provide a medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence of
disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that
can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
D-11
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Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
2c. Turbidity
(IESWTR TT)8
None
Turbidity has no health effects. However,
turbidity can interfere with disinfection and
provide a medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence of
disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that
can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
B. Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule (IESWTR)
3. Giardia lamblia
4. Viruses
(SWTR/IESWTR)
5. Heterotrophic
plate count (HPC)
bacteria9
(SWTR/IESWTR)
6. Legionella
(SWTR/IESWTR)
7. Cryptosporidium
(IESWTR)
Zero
Inadequately treated water may contain
disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites which
can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea, and associated headaches.
D-12
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Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
C. Inorganic Chemicals (lOCs)
8. Antimony
9. Arsenic
10. Asbestos
(>10|jm)
11. Barium
12. Beryllium
13. Cadmium
14. Chromium
(total)
15. Cyanide
0.006
Oii
7MFL12
2
0.004
0.005
0.1
0.2
0.006
0.01
7 MFL
2
0.004
0.005
0.1
0.2
Some people who drink water containing
antimony well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
Some people who drink water containing
arsenic in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience skin damage or
problems with their circulatory system,
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
asbestos in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
developing benign intestinal polyps.
Some people who drink water containing
barium in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience an increase in their blood
pressure.
Some people who drink water containing
beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many
years could develop intestinal lesions.
Some people who drink water containing
cadmium in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney damage.
Some people who use water containing
chromium well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience allergic
dermatitis.
Some people who drink water containing
cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience nerve damage or
problems with their thyroid.
D-13
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
16. Fluoride
4.0
4.0
Some people who drink water containing
fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years
could get bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking
water at half the MCL or more may cause
mottling of children's teeth, usually in children
less than nine years old. Mottling, also known
as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining
and/or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in
developing teeth before they erupt from the
gums.
17. Mercury
(inorganic)
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water containing
inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience kidney
damage.
18. Nitrate
10
10
Infants below the age of six months who drink
water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if untreated,
may die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
19. Nitrite
Infants below the age of six months who drink
water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if untreated,
may die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
20. Total Nitrate and
Nitrite
10
10
Infants below the age of six months who drink
water containing nitrate and nitrite in excess of
the MCL could become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms include
shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
21. Selenium
0.05
0.05
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However,
some people who drink water containing
selenium in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience hair or fingernail
losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or
problems with their circulation.
22. Thallium
0.0005
0.002
Some people who drink water containing
thallium in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience hair loss, changes in their
blood, or problems with their kidneys,
intestines, or liver.
D-14
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
D. Lead and Copper Rule
23.Lead
Zero
Infants and children who drink water containing
lead in excess of the action level could
experience delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show slight
deficits in attention span and learning abilities.
Adults who drink this water over many years
could develop kidney problems or high blood
pressure.
24. Copper
1.3
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some
people who drink water containing copper in
excess of the action level over a relatively
short amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some people who
drink water containing copper in excess of the
action level over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with Wilson's
Disease should consult their personal doctor.
E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
25. 2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water containing the
weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
26. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water containing silvex
in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
27. Alachlor
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water containing
alachlor in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their eyes,
liver, kidneys, or spleen, experience anemia,
and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
28. Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Some people who drink water containing
atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or reproductive
difficulties.
D-15
-------
Contaminant
29. Benzo(a)pyrene
(PAHs)
30. Carbofuran
31. Chlordane
32. Dalapon
33. Di (2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
34. Di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
35. Dibromochloro-
propane
(DBCP)
36. Dinoseb
37. Dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD)
38. Diquat
MCLG1
mg/L
Zero
0.04
Zero
0.2
0.4
Zero
Zero
0.007
Zero
0.02
MCL2
mg/L
0.0002
0.04
0.002
0.2
0.4
0.006
0.0002
0.007
3x1 Q-8
0.02
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
Some people who drink water containing
benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over
many years may experience reproductive
difficulties and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.
Some people who drink water containing
chlordane in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
liver or nervous system, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience minor kidney changes.
Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience general
toxic effects or reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate in excess of the MCL
over many years may have problems with their
liver, or experience reproductive difficulties,
and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience reproductive difficulties and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
dinosebwell in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience reproductive
difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing
dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience reproductive difficulties and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
diquat in excess of the MCL over many years
could aet cataracts.
D-16
-------
Contaminant
39. Endothall
40. Endrin
41. Ethylene
dibromide
42. Glyphosate
43. Heptachlor
44. Heptachlor
epoxide
45. Hexachloro-
benzene
46. Hexachloro-
cyclopentadiene
47. Lindane
MCLG1
mg/L
0.1
0.002
Zero
0.7
Zero
Zero
Zero
0.05
0.0002
MCL2
mg/L
0.1
0.002
0.00005
0.7
0.0004
0.0002
0.001
0.05
0.0002
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
Some people who drink water containing
endothall in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
stomach or intestines.
Some people who drink water containing
endrin in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience liver problems.
Some people who drink water containing
ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
Some people who drink water containing
heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience liver damage and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience liver damage,
and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive
effects, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their kidneys or stomach .
Some people who drink water containing
lindane in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their kidneys
or liver.
D-17
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water containing
methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience reproductive
difficulties.
49. Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water containing
oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience slight nervous system
effects.
50.
Pentachlorophenol
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water containing
pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
51. Picloram
0.5
0.5
Some people who drink water containing
picloram in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
liver.
52. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Zero
0.0005
Some people who drink water containing
PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience changes in their skin,
problems with their thymus gland, immune
deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous
system difficulties, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
53. Simazine
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water containing
simazine in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their
blood.
54. Toxaphene
Zero
0.003
Some people who drink water containing
toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their kidneys,
liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
F. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
55. Benzene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water containing
benzene in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience anemia or a decrease
in blood platelets, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
D-18
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
56. Carbon
tetrachloride
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water containing
carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their liver and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
57. Chlorobenzene
(monochloro-
benzene)
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water containing
Chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys.
58. o-Dichloro-
benzene
0.6
0.6
Some people who drink water containing o-
dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.
59. p-Dichloro-
benzene
0.075
0.075
Some people who drink water containing p-
dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience anemia, damage
to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in
their blood.
60. 1,2-
Dichloroethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-
dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
61. 1,1-Dichloro-
ethylene
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water containing 1,1-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver.
62. c/s-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water containing cis-
1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
63. frans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water containing trans-
1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
64.
Zero
0.005
Dichloromethane
Some people who drink water containing
dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over
many years could have liver problems and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
65. 1,2-
Dichloropropane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-
dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
D-19
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water containing
ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys.
67. Styrene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water containing
styrene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory system.
68. Tetrachloro-
ethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water containing
tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems with their
liver, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
69. Toluene
Some people who drink water containing
toluene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their nervous
system, kidneys, or liver.
70. 1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience changes in
their adrenal glands.
71. 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-
trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver, nervous system, or circulatory
system.
72. 1,1,2-
Trichloroethane
0.003
0.005
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-
trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems with their
liver, kidneys, or immune systems.
73.
Zero
0.005
Trichloroethylene
Some people who drink water containing
trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with
their liver and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
74. Vinyl chloride
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water containing vinyl
chloride in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
75. Xylenes (total)
10
10
Some people who drink water containing
xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience damage to their nervous
system.
D-20
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
G. Radioactive Contaminants
76. Beta/photon
emitters
Zero
415
mrem/yr
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit
forms of radiation known as photons and beta
radiation. Some people who drink water
containing beta and photon emitters in excess
of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
77. Alpha emitters
(Gross alpha)
Zero
15 16
pCi/L
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit
a form of radiation known as alpha radiation.
Some people who drink water containing alpha
emitters in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
78. Combined
radium
(226 and 228)
Zero
5
pCi/L
Some people who drink water containing
radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
79. Uranium1
Zero
30 ug/L
Some people who drink water containing
uranium in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer and kidney toxicity.
H. Disinfection Byproducts (DBFs). Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals:
Where disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants
combine with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals
called disinfection byproducts (DBFs). EPA sets standards for controlling the
levels of disinfectants and DBFs in drinking water, including trihalomethanes
(THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).18
80. Total
trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
N/A
0.10/
0.08019'20
Some people who drink water containing
trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over
many years may experience problems with
their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system,
and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
81. Haloacetic Acids
(HAA)
N/A
0.06021
Some people who drink water containing
HAAs in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
D-21
-------
Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
82. Bromate
Zero
0.010
Some people who drink water containing
bromate in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
83. Chlorite
0.08
1.0
Some infants and young children who drink
water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL
could experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses of
pregnant women who drink water containing
chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people
may experience anemia.
84. Chlorine
422
(MRDLG)
4.023
(MRDL)
Some people who use water containing
chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water
containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL
could experience stomach discomfort.
85. Chloramines
4
(MRDLG)
4.0
(MRDL)
Some people who use water containing
chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water
containing chloramines well in excess of the
MRDL could experience stomach discomfort
or anemia.
86a.
Chlorine dioxide,
where any 2
consecutive daily
samples taken at
the entrance to
the distribution
system are above
the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8
(MRDL)
Some infants and young children who drink
water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of
the MRDL could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL.
Some people may experience anemia.
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations reported today
are the result of exceedances at the treatment
facility only, not within the distribution system
which delivers water to consumers. Continued
compliance with chlorine dioxide levels within
the distribution system minimizes the potential
risk of these violations to consumers.
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Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
86b.
Chlorine dioxide,
where one or more
distribution system
samples are above
the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8
(MRDL)
Some infants and young children who drink
water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of
the MRDL could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL.
Some people may experience anemia.
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations reported today
include exceedances of the EPA standard
within the distribution system which delivers
water to consumers. Violations of the chlorine
dioxide standard within the distribution system
may harm human health based on short-term
exposures. Certain groups, including fetuses,
infants, and young children, may be especially
susceptible to nervous system effects from
excessive chlorine dioxide exposure.
87. Control of DBP
precursors
(TOG)
None
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health
effects. However, total organic carbon
provides a medium for the formation of
disinfection byproducts. These byproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic
acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these
byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to
adverse health effects, liver or kidney
problems, or nervous system effects, and may
lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
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Contaminant
MCLG1
mg/L
MCL2
mg/L
Standard Health Effects Language
for Public Notification
1. Other Treatment Techniques
88. Acrylamide
89. Epichlorohydrin
Zero
Zero
TT
TT
Some people who drink water containing high
levels of acrylamide over a long period of time
could have problems with their nervous system
or blood, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Some people who drink water containing high
levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of
time could experience stomach problems, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Appendix B - Endnotes
1. MCLG - Maximum contaminant level goal
2. MCL - Maximum contaminant level
3. For water systems analyzing at least 40 samples per month, no more than 5.0 percent of the monthly
samples may be positive for total coliforms. For systems analyzing fewer than 40 samples per
month, no more than one sample per month may be positive for total coliforms.
4. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including 40
CFR 141.13, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 1998 Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule. The MCL for the monthly turbidity average is 1 NTU; the MCL for the 2-day average
is 5 NTU for systems that are required to filter but have not yet installed filtration (40 CFR 141.13).
5. NTU - Nephelometric turbidity unit
6. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including 40
CFR 141.13, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), and the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). Systems subject to the Surface Water Treatment Rule
(both filtered and unfiltered) may not exceed 5 NTU. In addition, in filtered systems, 95 percent of
samples each month must not exceed 0.5 NTU in systems using conventional or direct filtration and
must not exceed 1 NTU in systems using slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration or other filtration
technologies approved by the primacy agency.
7. TT - Treatment technique
8. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including 40
CFR 141.13, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), and the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). For systems subject to the IESWTR (systems serving
at least 10,000 people, using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface
water), that use conventional filtration or direct filtration, after January 1, 2002, the turbidity level of
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a system's combined filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly
measurements, and the turbidity level of a system's combined filter effluent must not exceed 1 NTU
at anytime. Systems subject to the IESWTR using technologies other than conventional direct, slow
9- sMi%M?oteM^ta« ist Bf ffiiwfra&p Wcjfc is simp'y
an alternative method of determining disinfectant residual levels. The number of such bacteria is an
indicator of whether there is enough disinfectant in the distribution system.
10. SWTR and IESWTR treatment technique violations that involve turbidity exceedances may use the
health effects language for turbidity instead.
11. The arsenic values are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/L and there is no
MCLG.
12. Millions of fibers per liter
13. Action Level = 0.015 mg/L
14. Action Level = 1.3 mg/L
15. Millirems per year
15. Picocuries per liter
17. The uranium MCL is effective December 8, 2003 for all community water systems.
18. Surface water systems and ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water are
regulated under Subpart H of 40 CFR 141. Subpart H community and non-transient non-community
systems serving >10,000 must comply with DBP MCLs and disinfectant maximum residual disinfectant
levels (MRDLs) beginning January 1, 2002. All other community and non-transient noncommunity
systems must meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Subpart H transient non-
community systems serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or
oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002. Subpart H transient
non-community systems serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using only ground water not
under the direct influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must
comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
19. The MCL of 0.10 mg/l for TTHMs is in effect until January 1, 2002 for Subpart H community water
systems serving 10,000 or more. This MCL is in effect until January 1, 2004 for community water
systems with a population of 10,000 or more using only ground water not under the direct influence
of surface water. After these deadlines, the MCL will be 0.080 mg/l. On January 1, 2004, all
systems serving less than 10,000 will have to comply with the new MCL as well.
20. The MCL for total trihalomethanes is the sum of the concentrations of the individual trihalomethanes.
21. The MCL for haloacetic acids is the sum of the concentrations of the individual haloacetic acids.
22. MRDLG - Maximum residual disinfectant level goal
23. MRDL - Maximum residual disinfectant level
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