cvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2012 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
                       Cooper's Ferry Partnership
                          Camden, New Jersey


   Green Infrastructure Barriers and Opportunities in
   Camden, New Jersey
   An Evaluation of Local Codes and Ordinances
   Photo: Aerial view of Camden, New Jersey
                                                 AUGUST 2013
                                               EPA 830-R-13-003

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About the Green Infrastructure Technical Assistance Program
Stormwater runoff is a major cause of water pollution in urban areas. When rain falls in undeveloped
areas, the water is absorbed and filtered by soil and plants. When rain falls on our roofs, streets, and
parking lots, however, the water cannot soak into the ground. In most urban areas, stormwater is
drained through engineered collection systems and discharged into nearby waterbodies. The
stormwater carries trash, bacteria, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the urban landscape,
polluting the receiving waters. Higher flows also can cause erosion and flooding in urban streams,
damaging habitat, property, and infrastructure.

Green infrastructure uses vegetation, soils, and natural  processes to manage water and create healthier
urban environments. At the scale of a city or county, green infrastructure refers to the patchwork of
natural areas that provides habitat, flood protection, cleaner air, and cleaner water. At the scale of a
neighborhood or site, green infrastructure refers to stormwater management systems that mimic
nature by soaking up and storing water. These neighborhood or site-scale green  infrastructure
approaches are often referred to as low impact development.

EPA encourages the use of green infrastructure to help  manage stormwater runoff. In April 2011, EPA
renewed its commitment to green infrastructure with the release of the Strategic Agenda to Protect
Waters and Build More Livable Communities through Green Infrastructure. The agenda identifies
technical assistance as a key activity that EPA will pursue to accelerate the implementation of green
infrastructure.

In February 2012, EPA announced  the availability of $950,000 in technical assistance to communities
working to overcome common barriers to green infrastructure. EPA received letters of interest from
over 150 communities across the country, and selected 17 of these communities to receive technical
assistance.  Selected communities received assistance with a range of projects  aimed at addressing
common barriers to green infrastructure, including code review, green infrastructure design, and cost-
benefit assessments. Cooper's Ferry Partnership was selected to receive assistance to evaluate green
infrastructure barriers and opportunities in Camden, New Jersey.

For more information, visit http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/gi  support.cfm.

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Acknowledgements
Principal USEPA Staff
Maureen Krudner, USEPA Region
Tamara Mittman, USEPA
Christopher Kloss, USEPA
Community Team
Meishka L Mitchell, Cooper's Ferry Partnership
Maurie Smith, Cooper's Ferry Partnership
Consultant Team
Emily Clifton, Low Impact Development Center
John Kosco, Tetra Tech
This report was developed under EPA Contract No. EP-C-11-009 as part of the 2012 EPA Green
Infrastructure Technical Assistance Program.

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Contents
1    Introduction	1
2    Key Opportunities	2
3    Next Steps	4
Attachment 1   Development Code Review Summary	A-l
                                          IV

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1   Introduction
Green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. This broad term can
include minimizing impervious area on a development site; preserving a site's natural features,
vegetation, and water; planting new trees; or installing "engineered" best management practices
(BMPs) that mimic natural functions such as rainwater storage, infiltration, and cleansing. These
practices not only treat and retain stormwater on-site, but also provide multiple environmental benefits
and support sustainable communities. The City of Camden provides a unique opportunity to examine
the compatibility of green infrastructure practices with zoning and development codes in an urban
community seeking revitalization.

Camden, New Jersey, is an urban community situated along the scenic Delaware River, with its
waterfront just one mile from Philadelphia's historic district. While areas surrounding Camden have
grown, Camden's population has been in decline for the last several decades, falling from a peak of
about 125,000 residents in 1950 to 77,334 in 2010. This decline is due largely to the closure of major
manufacturing industries, coupled with worsening socio-economic conditions. Like other older U.S.
cities, its sewer system is primarily a combined system, conveying both stormwater and sanitary
sewage. Camden's twenty-eight combined sewer outfalls frequently discharge combined sewage
directly to nearby rivers and creeks.

Despite its hardships, Camden has multiple assets that it is using to attract investment and encourage
the city's revitalization. These include its extensive waterfronts, seven higher educational and health
care facilities, proximity to Philadelphia, significant transportation infrastructure, and the presence of
economic generators like Campbell's Soup Company and L3 Communications.

Camden and the Camden Stormwater Management and Resource Training (CamdenSMART) Initiative
are seeking to improve local water quality by develop a comprehensive network of green infrastructure
programs and projects within the city. Not only can such techniques restore degraded urban waters, but
they can  be leveraged to  revitalize communities and spur new private-public partnerships. Often,
however, development codes and standards can work against these goals. Local codes and ordinances
can include inflexible standards or incorporate outdated requirements that result in excess impervious
cover and reduce the functionality of landscapes. This report presents findings from EPA's review of the
regulations and standards relevant to the  implementation of stormwater best management practices
within the City of Camden. The purpose of the review was to identify opportunities to minimize
impervious cover and promote environmentally sensitive site design during development and
redevelopment activities and to identify potential barriers to the implementation of structural green
infrastructure practices.

EPA reviewed the following city codes and documents:

    •   Ft/tt/reCamden Comprehensive  Master Plan
    •   Chapter 418 - Property Maintenance:
           o  New Jersey Uniform Fire Code
           o  Building Code of the City of Camden
           o  Article V. Plumbing Facilities and Fixtures Requirements
    •   Chapter 491-Streets and Sidewalks
    •   Chapter 542-Trees and Shrubs
    •   Chapter 577 - Zoning and Land  Use (as codified)

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    •   Land Development Ordinance of the City of Camden (Approved by City Council 2011, and
       replaces Chapter 577 -Zoning and Land Use)

Several guidance documents that identify key land development and green stormwater infrastructure
codes and principles were also utilized. These included the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection's Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual (April 2004, Revised September 2009);
New Jersey Department of Agriculture's Revised Erosion Control Standards (2012); USEPA's Green
Parking Lot Resource Guide (February 2008); the Center for Watershed Protection's Codes and
Ordinance Worksheet (1998); and the USEPA Water Quality Scorecard (EPA, 2009). Emphasis was placed
on site design techniques and stormwater management practices considered appropriate for Camden.

The findings presented in this memo are intended to highlight code areas for CamdenSMART to consider
as they continue to integrate green stormwater infrastructure throughout the city. Potential solutions to
the identified issues were included and prioritized to help initiate a conversation when the group
considers this report. However, it is fully expected and presented in a way that CamdenSMART partners,
through discussions with staff and external stakeholders, can manipulate and revise recommendations
and priorities as necessary. EPA's review did not include an evaluation of administrative, inspection, or
enforcement procedures; cost/benefit analyses; interviews with agency staff; or work sessions engaging
the local regulatory, development, and environmental communities, which would likely precede any
formal code update process. Where practical, EPA provided alternatives for addressing some of the
issues, but ultimately it is up to the  city to determine the most appropriate recommendations for local
implementation.
2   Key Opportunities
Recommendations to address the most significant code barriers to green infrastructure in Camden are
listed below, without assignment of priority. These findings are a subset of the more detailed
recommendations provided in the development code review table in Attachment 1.

    Evaluate the /4-acre (10,890-square-foot) impervious surface threshold for water quality control

    The 2010 Land Development Ordinance (LDO) significantly updated Camden's existing Zoning and
    Land Use code. In the LDO, provisions were added to require the post-construction load of total
    suspended solids to be reduced by 80 percent of the anticipated load whenever an additional % acre
    of impervious surface is proposed on a development site. Given Camden's urban makeup, the city
    may want to consider a lower threshold for regulatory applicability. For example, Washington, D.C.,
    has implemented a threshold of 5,000 square feet to trigger stormwater management requirements
    which applies to renovations as well as new construction.

    Prevent soil compaction on development sites

    While the Land Development Ordinance includes many important updates to the city's stormwater
    requirements, one area which was minimally addressed was soil compaction as it relates to a
    development site in its entirety, and not just around trees. Consider adding provisions to Article XXIX
    to prevent the compaction of soils with the highest  infiltration potential, and ensure highly erodible
    soils and areas suitable for infiltration practices are  both mapped and designated to be left
    undisturbed, where possible. Also consider revising the as-built inspection process to ensure that
    soil compaction is addressed and mediated prior to an issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. In
    addition, consider adding provisions to Article XXIX of the 2010 LDO Soil Erosion and Sediment

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Control requirements to restore overall soil conditions at construction sites after construction is
complete. These suggested changes are compatible to those identified in New Jerseys recently
released 2012 Revised Erosion Control Standards.

Certify that projects are completed in accordance with an approved stormwater management plan
prior to Certificate of Occupancy

Consider requiring a Stormwater Observation Report (SOR) or similar  document be submitted by the
engineer of record prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, esp. for complex projects, in
order to ensure that the BMP was constructed and installed in accordance with an approved plan.
Similar requirements already exist for landscaping (see §577-246, Landscape Maintenance and
Inspections).

Incentivize the use of green infrastructure practices

Investigate ways to incentivize the use of bioretention and other green infrastructure practices to
meet landscaping/tree planting requirements. Consider encouraging the use of pervious parking lot
surfaces by allowing a percentage to be excluded when calculating allowable lot coverage.

Allow landscaped areas to function as stormwater management features

Update ordinance language in Articles XVIII and XXIX of the 2010 Land Development Ordinance to
expressly allow the use of landscaped edges and islands in parking areas to function as stormwater
management features and to allow the use of bioretention and other  green stormwater
infrastructure practices within landscaped areas, setbacks, or in the areas between curbs and
sidewalks. Also give preference to utilizing vegetation designed in keeping with green infrastructure
principals over the use of walls and berms.

Evaluate open space requirements for planned developments

Evaluate open space requirements for planned development to ensure that a minimum percentage
of open space is retained for vegetative purposes. While the prior version of the Zoning and Land
Use Code (see original §577-207) established specific percentages, these were not included in the
updated Land Development Ordinance. Model ordinance language for open space developments
from the US EPA suggests a minimum percent open space requirement of between 35-50%,
depending on base density.

Reduce/eliminate minimum parking requirements

Review parking demand in order to determine if minimum parking standards can either be
reduced/eliminated or maximum parking requirements can be established, particularly in  areas
where transportation alternatives exist. Other cities have used such parking management
techniques effectively to reduce vehicular traffic and encourage the use of transit facilities that
provide a mobility alternative to the automobile, or where existing parking already greatly exceeds
demand.

Allow curb cuts or flush curbs with curb stops to direct runoff to vegetated areas

Revise curbing standards to allow curb cuts or flush curbs with curb stops to be utilized as an
alternative to raised curbs in order to allow for the disconnection of impervious areas. This

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    technique can be used to direct runoff from streets or parking areas into vegetated swales or other
    green infrastructure practices.

    Allow reduced street pavement/travel lane widths to create space for bioretention

    Consider allowing smaller street pavement/travel lane widths, as well as consolidated travel lanes
    and on-street parking to create space for bioretention.

In addition, two state-level activities were identified:

    Develop guidelines and standards for green roofs
    Pursue the development of guidelines and standards for green roofs that can be integrated into
    local building codes. Camden follows New Jersey's Uniform Construction Codes. For building codes,
    New Jersey cites the 2009 International Building Code®  New Jersey Edition (IBC 2009). While the IBC
    2009 appears to limit the use of green roof systems, it is still possible to utilize them, with approval.
    CamdenSMART should consider pursuing the development of standards at the state level that can
    be integrated into local building codes. Without a clear review process and building code standards
    in place, developers are  less likely to utilize green roof technology as it may require additional
    review time and engineering expense.

    Include BMP design specifications for additional green infrastructure practices in the New Jersey
    Stormwater BMP Manual

    Encourage stormwater BMP specifications to include design specifications for green roofs, rain
    barrels, and cisterns, and for locating BMP's in an urban environment. For example, while the New
    Jersey Stormwater BMP Manual includes a placeholder for rooftop vegetated covers, there is no
    standard as of yet. For urban environments, guidance on the use of BMPs near building foundations
    and guidance and specifications for urban bioretention (e.g., stormwater planters, stormwater curb
    extensions, and/or extended tree pits), for example, would provide urbanized areas with more
    practical information on the use of stormwater BMPs on smaller sites.
3   Next Steps
In addition to the key findings presented above, a tabulated code review accompanies this
memorandum which provides a more detailed review of Camden's codes. The attached table provides
some example code language and other resources for crafting code text amendments. While potential
solutions were provided, they are presented as a means to help initiate conversation.

Delivered along with this memo is a green infrastructure handbook that focuses more specifically on the
types of green infrastructure and LID techniques applicable to Camden. Such practices better mimic pre-
construction runoff conditions on new development projects and more effectively utilize water quality
strategies and technologies on redevelopment projects to the maximum extent practicable.

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Attachment 1     Development Code Review Summary
   NJ
 Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/      Section
Ordinance1   Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
 Impervious Area Management
 Buildings
 No      Requirements for
         rooftop structures
         and materials
         allow/encourage
         green roofs
                 Partly
          2010 LDO     Article I
                         Camden follows New Jersey's Uniform Construction Codes.  For building codes, NJ cites the 2009
                         International Building Code® New Jersey Edition. While the IBC 2009 appears to limit the use of green roof
                         systems, it is still possible to utilize them, with approval. See
                         www.ecodes.biz/ecodes_support/Free_Resources/NewJersey/06_09NewJersey_main.html for a copy of
                         the building code. In addition, there is no standard as of yet (only a placeholder) for rooftop vegetated
                         covers in the NJ Stormwater BMP Manual.  The 2010 LDO, §577-229, Section 5, Part B, does state that:
                         "Other stormwater management measures may be utilized provided the design engineer demonstrates that
                         the proposed measure and its design will accomplish the required water quantity, groundwater recharge
                         and water quality design and performance standards established by this subchapter."
                                                      Pursue the development of detailed design guidelines and standards
                                                      at the state level that can be integrated into local building codes
                                         Med
 No      Allow bioretention   No
         areas, swales, rain
         barrels and cisterns
         near building
         foundations, if
         properly designed
                            2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                                   The Stormwater Control Ordinance included as part of the 2010 LDO "establishes minimum stormwater
                                   management requirements and controls for major development," and is intended to be "applicable to any
                                   site plan or subdivision that requires preliminary or final site plan review" (starts on p. 379). It also states
                                   that "Guidance for nonstructural stormwater management measures is available in the New Jersey
                                   Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual." However, the New Jersey Stormwater BMP Manual does
                                   not address the use of such BMP near building foundations.
                                                                                                                          Pursue revisions to Stormwater BMP specifications to include
                                                                                                                          information on/requirements for locating BMPs near buildings.
                                                                                                                          Ensure specifications for rain barrels and cisterns exist, if not yet
                                                                                                                          available.
                                                                                                                     High
 Parking Areas and Sidewalks
 Yes     Ability to reduce
         parking ratios
                 Yes
          2010 LDO     Article XXIX
                         See §577-230 Parking and Loading Requirements. While each use has minimum parking requirements, part
                         J (p. 412) states: "The required number of parking spaces may... be reduced where the Planning Board finds
                         that application of the above standards is not required in the interest of the residents, owners, tenants, and
                         occupants of a development and their employees and that modification of the above standard is consistent
                         with the interests of the entire City."
                                                      Consider re-examining parking demand in urban areas where land
                                                      and parking costs are higher and transportation alternatives exist in
                                                      order to determine whether minimum parking standards can either
                                                      be reduced or eliminated completely. Reducing minimum parking
                                                      requirements will help to create more livable communities by
                                                      reducing the abundant supply of free parking and encouraging transit
                                                      use.
                                         High
 Yes     Establish maximum   No
         parking
         requirements
                            2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                                   See §577-230 Parking and Loading Requirements. Cities typically set minimum parking requirements which
                                   mandate ample off-street parking for any new development. However, the provision of parking can be a
                                   major barrier to creating more livable communities that adhere to smart growth principles.
                                                                                                                          In areas of Camden that are well served by transit, consider the use
                                                                                                                          of maximum parking requirements to limit the amount of off-street
                                                                                                                          parking built. These requirements prevent auto-oriented uses from
                                                                                                                          occupying land near rail and bus stations, and encourage the creation
                                                                                                                          of transit-oriented districts, or transit villages.
                                                                                                                     High
 Yes     Allow for the use of  Yes
         shared parking
         arrangements
                            2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                                   See §577-230 Parking and Loading Requirements. In addition to allowing parking requirements to be
                                   reduced, Part J (p. 412) also states: "Shared parking is encouraged between different land uses on a given
                                   lot, parcel, or within a development. The Board may require the applicant to utilize the Urban  Land
                                   Institute's "Shared Parking Analysis" and/or another comparable approach if deemed appropriate for a
                                   given application or situation."
                                                                                                                          None
 Yes     Provide a model
         shared parking
         agreement
                 No         2010 LDO    Article XXIX   While the City of Camden does allow shared parking, no model agreement currently exists within its
                                                     ordinance. One challenge with shared parking is working out an agreement between land owners or
                                                     developers if the uses are not all on the same property.
                                                                                                                                    Consider providing a model shared parking agreement to facilitate
                                                                                                                                    agreements between land owners/ developers. Some examples can
                                                                                                                                    be found at the following link: www.mapc.org/resources/parking-
                                                                                                                                    toolkit/strategies-topic/shared-parking
                                                                                                                                                                                         Med
 Yes     Allow for reduced    Yes
         parking ratios
         where mass transit
         exists
                            2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                                   See §577-230 pp. 413-414. Parking and Loading Requirements. N. The Planning Board or Zoning Board of
                                   Adjustment shall be authorized, in accordance to permit the incorporation of transit stops as a means of
                                   satisfying the otherwise applicable off-street parking standards, provided the following conditions are met.
                                   And "4. The maximum reduction in the number of parking spaces shall be no more than twenty percent
                                   (20%) of the total required spaces."
                                                                                                                          None
1 2010 LDO = Land Development Ordinance; Ch. 418 PM = Chapter 418, Property Maintenance
                                                                                                                  A-l

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NJ
Slist
Yes
Yes
Key Question
Allow min. stall
width of 9 ft.
Allow min. stall
length of!8 ft.
Code/
Findings Ordinance1
Yes 2010 LDO
Yes 2010 LDO
Section
Reference
Article XXIX
Article XXIX
Comments Recommendation
See §577-231 Parking and Loading Design Standards, Part B, p. 420. Minimum standard car spaces None
dimensional requirements. A minimum stall width of 9 ft. is allowed for regular cars. A minimum of 7.5 ft. is
allowed for compact cars. Also: "Compact car spaces may be permitted by the Planning Board only where
the total number of spaces proposed to be provided exceeds fifty (50) and shall not exceed thirty percent
(30%) of the total number required."
See §577-231 Parking and Loading Design Standards, p. 420. Minimum standard car spaces dimensional None
requirements. A minimum stall length of 18 ft. is allowed for regular cars. A minimum length of 15 ft. is
allowed for compact cars.
Priority


Yes     Allow reduction in
        stall lengths for
        vehicle overhang  in
        vegetated areas
                    Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-231 Parking and Loading Design Standards, pp. 421-2. 8. Parking spaces may be reduced to
                                                         sixteen (16) feet in length where vehicles overhang landscaped or expanded pedestrian walkways by a
                                                         minimum of two (2) feet, subject to Board  approval."
                                                                                                                                       None
Yes     Allow permeable
        materials for
        overflow parking
                    Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-230 pp. 413-414. Parking and Loading Requirements. While not specific to overflow parking areas,
                                                         p. 417 states: "...Turfblock may be used for off-street parking and loading areas if approved by the City
                                                         Engineer." However, also on same page: "X. Parking areas, including all access ways and driveways, shall be
                                                         smoothly paved with materials which do not produce dust or debris; are durable and all-weather; uniform
                                                         in application and appearance; and does not permit the growth of vegetation. The choice of surfacing
                                                         material is left to the property owner's discretion and Planning Board's approval, provided the above
                                                         performance standards are met. Choices can include but are not limited to: bituminous asphalt, concrete,
                                                         crushed stone, etc." Does not mention permeable material, but is also not restricted.
                                                                                                                                       Consider encouraging the use of pervious parking lot surfaces by
                                                                                                                                       allowing the majority of the pervious parking surfaces provided to be
                                                                                                                                       excluded when calculating allowable lot coverage. This allows a
                                                                                                                                       developer to increase a proposed building footprint because when
                                                                                                                                       less of the parking area is counted towards allowable lot coverage,
                                                                                                                                       more of that coverage becomes available for building space. See p.
                                                                                                                                       20 of
                                                                                                                                       http://www.fhiplan.com/PDF/NW%20Parking%20Study/NW%20Con
                                                                                                                                       necticut%20Parking%20Study%20Phase%202.pdf for some possible
                                                                                                                                       ideas.
                                                                                                                                                                                            Med
Yes
Allow for multi-
level parking
Yes
2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-230 pp. 413-414. Parking and Loading Requirements.
None
Yes     Provide incentives
        to reduce
        impervious cover in
        parking
                    No        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   Each zone has impervious cover limits which apply to the lot in its entirety. While this impacts parking,
                                                         there are no additional incentives to reduce impervious cover in parking lots exist in §577-231 Parking and
                                                         Loading Design Standards
                                                                                                                                       Consider encouraging the use of pervious parking lot surfaces by
                                                                                                                                       allowing the majority of the pervious parking surfaces provided to be
                                                                                                                                       excluded when calculating allowable lot coverage. This allows a
                                                                                                                                       developer to increase a proposed building footprint because when
                                                                                                                                       less of the parking area is counted towards allowable lot coverage,
                                                                                                                                       more of that coverage becomes available for building space. See p.
                                                                                                                                       20 of
                                                                                                                                       http://www.fhiplan.com/PDF/NW%20Parking%20Study/NW%20Con
                                                                                                                                       necticut%20Parking%20Study%20Phase%202.pdf for some possible
                                                                                                                                       ideas.
                                                                                                                                                                                            High
Yes     Allow for pervious
        sidewalks
                    Yes
           2010 LDO     Article XXIX
                          See §577-241 Sidewalks and Pathways. On p. 439 it states: "C. Where required, sidewalks shall be at least
                          five (5) feet wide and located as approved by the Board. Sidewalks shall be at least four thousand (4000)
                          per square inch air-entrained, six (6) inches thick at driveways. Sidewalks shall be provided with expansion
                          joints of one-half (Vi) inch thick preformed bituminous joint fill spaced at intervals of not more than twenty-
                          four (24) feet. Sidewalks such as brick pavers may be considered by the Planning Board upon submission of
                          complete design details. All sidewalks shall be 5 inches 4000 PSI concrete on firm non-yielding sub-base
                          compacted to 95% proctor. Though pervious materials are not specifically named, these PSI  requirements
                          do not preclude the use of pervious materials.). Also, on pp. 372-373 of the  new stormwater section, part O
                          deals with pervious paving: "1.  Previous paving systems may be used to reduce the imperviousness of firm
                          surfaces such as patios, walkways, driveways, fire lanes, and parking areas, for the purpose of reducing
                          surface runoff and increasing infiltration. The pervious paving systems may also be used as inlets and covers
                          for infiltration trenches. Pervious paving can be effective in helping to reduce peak surface runoff rates or in
                          improving the groundwater recharge characteristics of developed sites."
The city may want to consider requiring sidewalks to be permeable,    Med
or, could take a less prescriptive approach and just require a certain
percentage of surfaces in front yards be permeable (for example,
50%) by using porous asphalt, porous concrete, interlocking pavers,
bricks, or landscaping. Areas counted towards the landscaping
requirement (e.g., 20% of the required setback area) could also be
credited towards the permeability requirement. The City of San
Francisco has some good ordinance language for the latter here:
http://www.sf-
planning.org/ftp/files/publications_reports/Guide_to_SF_Green_Lan
dscaping_Ordinance.pdf
                                                                                                                    A-2

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NJ
Eflist
Yes
No
No
Key Question
Allow alternate
pedestrian
networks to be
substituted for
sidewalks
Allow parking lot
drive aisles to be
22ft.
Reduced parking
ratio of 3.0 spaces
Code/
Findings Ordinance1
Yes 2010 LDO
No 2010 LDO
No 2010 LDO
Section
Reference
Article XXIX
Article XXIX
Article XXIX
Comments
See §577-241 Sidewalks and Pathways, pp. 439-440: "G. At the discretion of the Planning Board, pathways
may be substituted for or provided in addition to sidewalks. Bike pathways shall be designed to separate
bike and motor vehicle traffic. Pathways shall generally not exceed a grade of three percent (3%), except for
short distances, and shall be a minimum of eight (8) feet wide. Pathways shall have a minimum four (4) inch
base of crushed stone and a two (2) inch FABC-2 surface course. Where pathways intersect a street, the
curbing (where applicable) shall be ramped for access to the street grade."
Under §577-231, Parking and Loading Design Standards, Part B, Parking Design Principals, l.a and l.b, Two-
way aisle widths for standard cars must be a minimum of 24 ft., and two-way aisle widths for compact cars
must be a minimum of 20 ft.
See §577-230, Parking and Loading Requirements, Part F., the minimum standard for offices is 1 space for
each 300 square feet of gross floor area (p. 407).
Recommendation
None
Places such as the City of Minneapolis have successfully utilized drive
aisle width for a two-way drive aisle of 22 ft. By utilizing 45- and 60-
degree parking, drive aisle minimums can be even smaller.
Reevaluate minimum parking standards, where utilized, to ensure
that standards are not higher than necessary.
Priority

Med
Med
        per 1,000 sq. ft.
        gross floor area
No      Reduced parking
        ratio of 2 to 4.5
        spaces for 1,000 sq.
        ft. gross floor area
        for commercial
        centers
No
2010 LDO     Article XXIX
See §577-230, Parking and Loading Requirements, Part F., the minimum standard for shopping and
neighborhood centers is 5.5 spaces for each 1,000 square feet of gross leasable floor area, excluding
theaters.
Reevaluate minimum parking standards, where utilized, to ensure
that standards are not higher than necessary.
Med
Streets and Driveways
Yes     Evaluate minimum    No
        widths of streets to
        ensure narrowest
        possible
           2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          See §577-236, Streets, p. 433. It states: "E. The right-of-way width for internal roads and alleys in
                          residential, multifamily, commercial and industrial development shall be determined on an individual basis
                          and shall, in all cases, be of sufficient width and design to safely accommodate the maximum traffic, parking
                          and loading needs and maximum access for fire-fighting equipment." Also see §577-237 Street Design
                          Standards. G. G. Minimum roadway construction.
                                                                                                    Consider allowing street pavement widths between 18 to 22 feet,
                                                                                                    with curb pullouts for passing of large vehicles.
                                                                 High
Yes     Allow/require
        street features to
        receive runoff
No
2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-237 Street Design Standards.
                                                                                                    Revise street design standards to allow circles, rotaries, or
                                                                                                    landscaped islands to receive runoff. Allow for consolidated travel
                                                                                                    lanes and consolidated on-street parking to create space for
                                                                                                    bioretention.
                                                                 High
Yes     Allow the use of      No
        curb cuts or flush
        curbs
           2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          See §577-242 Curbing. No alternatives to raised curbs (in form of curb cuts or flush curbs with curb stops)
                          are currently allowed. Curb cuts are openings created in the curb to allow stormwater from the street (or
                          any adjacent impervious surface, like a parking lot) to flow into a depressed infiltration and planting area.
                                                                                                    Revise curbing standards to allow curb cuts or flush curbs with curb     High
                                                                                                    stops to be utilized as an alternative to raised curbs, as well as grass
                                                                                                    swales or bioretention swales instead of curb or gutter.
Yes     Reduce minimum     No
        cul-de-sac radius or
        require center
        island landscaped
           2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          See §577-237 Street Design Standards. "D. Each cul-de-sac shall provide a turnaround at the end with a
                          minimum radius of fifty (50) feet to the outside edge of the cartway or curb line and sixty (60) feet to the
                          outside edge of the right-of way."
Allow for smaller minimum cul-de-sac radii (such as 35 feet or less) or
include landscaped islands that can receive stormwater runoff in the
center.
                                                                                                                                                                     Low
Yes     Allow alternative
        turnarounds for
        low-density
        residential streets
No
2010 LDO     Article XXIX
See §577-237 Street Design Standards. Alternative turn-arounds such as "hammerheads" are not currently
allowed on short streets in low density residential areas.
Revise street design standards to allow for alternative turn-arounds
such as "hammerheads" on short streets in low density residential
developments.
Low
Yes     Allow minimum
        driveway widths to
        be reduced
Yes        2010 LDO    Article XXIX   Not specifically address, but under §577-224, "Parking and Circulation" on p. 336, it states: "Each
                                     development site must provide adequate off-street automobile parking and loading facilities and no parking
                                     or loading facilities shall be permitted on any street, entrance drive, or any place other than in an approved
                                     location. Off-street parking and loading design shall conform to those standards identified in this Ordinance
                                     although actual design may be based on site experiences at other locations. It may not be necessary to pave
                                     the entire parking area established by ratios found in this Ordinance where it can be demonstrated by the
                                     applicant that the minimum Ordinance  requirements are in excess of need." Reducing requirements is also
                                     addressed on p. 412 under §577-230 Parking and Loading Requirements.
                                                                                                                             Consider revising ordinance to include minimum driveway widths.
                                                                                                                             Single car driveways can be as narrow as 9 feet, or as wide as 12 feet.
                                                                                                                             Double car driveways can be between 20 and 24 feet wide. To allow
                                                                                                                             for door swing and area for passengers to step onto hard surfaces,
                                                                                                                             consider encouraging decorative, permeable bands of 2 ft. in width
                                                                                                                             where absolute minimum driveway widths are utilized (e.g., 9 feet
                                                                                                                             may mean that guests are stepping in grass or dirt as they exit their
                                                                                                                             vehicles).	
                                                                                                                                                                     Med
                                                                                                                     A-3

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NJ
Eflist
Yes
Key Question
Permit shared
driveways in
residential
developments
Findings
No
Code/
Ordinance1
2010 LDO
Section
Reference
Article XXIX
Comments
For commercial development, shared parking is encouraged between different land uses on a given lot, None
parcel, or within a development (see site design criteria for non-residential properties, §577-224). However,
shared driveways in residential developments are not. Given the low level of applicability for Camden, this
is a low priority.
Recommendation

Priority

No      Allow travel lanes
        travel lanes to be
        from 12 to 10 ft. (or
        less) with curb
        pulloutsfor passing
No
2010 LDO     Article XXIX
See §577-236, Streets, p. 433. It states: "E. The right-of-way width for internal roads and alleys in
residential, multifamily, commercial and industrial development shall be determined on an individual basis
and shall, in all cases, be of sufficient width and design to safely accommodate the maximum traffic, parking
and loading needs and maximum access for fire-fighting equipment." Also see §577-237 Street Design
Standards. G. G. Minimum roadway construction. Individual travel lane widths are not specified.
Consider allowing smaller travel lane widths
High
No      Allow the use of      No
        curb bumpouts for
        traffic calming and
        bioretention
           2010 LDO     Article XXIX   Curb bumpouts/extensions are not addressed in §577-236, Streets.
                                                                                                                            Consider allowing curb bumpouts/extensions near intersections and
                                                                                                                            mid-block for traffic calming and bioretention opportunities.
                                                                                                                                                                   Med
No      Allow pervious
        parking for
        alleyways and on-
        street parking
No
2010 LDO     Article XXIX
G.3., Minimum roadway construction requirements, found in §577-237, Street Design Standards, on p. 435
of the 2010 Land Development Ordinance state: "3. All of the above construction shall be in accordance
with the current New Jersey Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge
Construction and supplements thereto on file in the City Engineer's office." Currently, pervious surfaces
such as paver stones, porous pavement, or grass pavers are not considered for on-street parking or
alleyways.
Consider amending to add: Bikeways, sidewalks, trails and walkways
shall be constructed in accordance with the current NJDOT Standard
Specification for Road and Bridge Construction unless otherwise
required herein," and place where pervious paving would be
allowed.
Med
No      Require site designs
        to reduce overall
        street length
No         2010 LDO     Article XXIX   §577-236, Streets, states: "Proposed streets and extensions of existing streets shall conform to the Master
                                     Plan or Official Map, and shall be designed and located to facilitate orderly circulation patterns, assure
                                     emergency access and provide for future connections to adjoining properties in accordance with the
                                     following standards." "E. The right-of-way width for internal roads and alleys in  residential, multifamily,
                                     commercial and industrial development shall be determined on an individual basis and shall, in all cases, be
                                     of sufficient width and design to safely accommodate the maximum traffic, parking and loading needs and
                                     maximum access for fire-fighting equipment."
                                                                                                                             Encourage site designers to analyze different layouts to see if they
                                                                                                                             can reduce street length.
                                                                                                                                                                   Low
Unconnected Impervious Area
Yes     Require developers
        to disconnect
        impervious
        surfaces
Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management, pp. 381-382: "To the maximum extent practicable,
                                     the standards in 3.F and 3.G shall be met by incorporating nonstructural stormwater management
                                     strategies at 3.E into the design. The applicant shall identify the nonstructural measures incorporated into
                                     the design of the project. If the applicant contends that it is not feasible for engineering, environmental, or
                                     safety reasons to incorporate any nonstructural stormwater management measures identified in 3.E.2
                                     below into the design of a particular project, the applicant shall identify the strategy considered and
                                     provide a basis for the contention." The second nonstructural stormwater management measure listed is
                                     "b. Minimize impervious surfaces and break up or disconnect the flow of runoff over impervious surfaces.")
                                                                                                                             None
Yes     Allow runoff
        volumes to be
        reduced when
        reinfiltrated into
        vegetated areas
Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management, pp. 356-7, part A, Runoff Standards: "1. For runoff
                                     computation purposes, in the post development condition all nonresidential lawn areas, including open
                                     space areas, commercial developments, etc., are to be assumed to have grass cover in fair condition (grass
                                     cover 50% to 75%), unless otherwise approved."
                                                                                                                             None
Yes     Allow flush curbs
        and/or curb cuts to
        allow for sheet flow
        discharge
No         2010 LDO     Article XXIX   In the definitions section on p. 97 of the 2010 land development ordinance, stormwater management is
                                     defined as "methods to reduce the volume and pollutant load of stormwater runoff from proposed land
                                     developments which can include, but may not be limited to, detention/retention basins, grass-lined swales,
                                     porous pavements, and sheet flow into vegetation. However, §577-242, Curbing, on p. 440+, provides
                                     curbing specifications. There is no allowance for flush curbs and/or curb cuts in this section.
                                                                                                                             Revise curbing standards to allow curb cuts or flush curbs with curb
                                                                                                                             stops to be utilized as an alternative to raised curbs
                                                                                                                                                                   High
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  NJ
Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/
Ordinance1
 Section
Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
No      Distinguish
        between connected
        and disconnected
        impervious
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                         §577-16, defines impervious surface as: 'The square footage or other area measurement by which all
                         buildings and impervious surfaces cover a lot as measured in a horizontal plane to the limits of the
                         impervious area(s), such as surface areas, walkways, patios and plazas. All parking spaces and lots,
                         buildings, roads, driveways, walkways, tennis courts, patios, decks and any other structure or on-site
                         material or ground condition that does not permit the natural absorption of water shall be included  in the
                         computation of improvement coverage. All surfaced parking areas and driveways, all required parking areas
                         which are permitted to remain un-surfaced and all gravel and packed stone areas and landscape areas lined
                         with weed-inhibiting plastic sheeting shall be included in the computation of impervious coverage. In
                         addition, other areas determined by the City Engineer to be impervious within the meaning of this
                         definition shall also be considered as an "impervious surface." "Reducing and disconnecting impervious
                         cover,"  however, is identified as a nonstructural best management practice in the definitions section. This
                         refers to "b. Minimize impervious surfaces and break up or disconnect the flow of runoff over impervious
                         surfaces" as a  BMP identified in Section 3, Part E.2.b.,  of the stormwater control ordinance which is found
                         on p. 382.No emphasis is given to impervious connected to the storm drain.
                                                                                                               None
                                                                                                                       Low
Manage Stormwater to Sustain Stream Function
Inspections and Maintenance
No      Require inspectors
        during and
        routinely after
        construction
                 Partly      2010 LDO     Article XXIX   In §577-229, the stormwater control ordinance provided as part of the 2010 LDO, general requirements
                                                      include: "9. A maintenance schedule shall be provided for all systems," and Section 9 focuses on
                                                      Maintenance and Repair. In addition, see §577-246 for Landscape Maintenance and Inspections:  "A.
                                                      Landscape maintenance shall be provided on all approved developments as to street trees, common open
                                                      space, and areas to be dedicated to the public and all approved development plans. All maintenance shall
                                                      be performed in order to assure a safe and attractive landscape environment and to promote healthy
                                                      growth of all plant materials. They may take the form of a monthly schedule or a categorized guideline. All
                                                      maintenance shall be on a site-specific basis and shall comply with the following standards: 1. All lands,
                                                      developed or undeveloped, shall receive periodic inspection to evaluate the performance of landscape
                                                      areas and need for maintenance. Such inspections shall be conducted by the applicant or its successor in
                                                      interest at a minimum interval of once every month. During the growing season, recreation, streetscape,
                                                      parking, and buffer areas shall be inspected. Stormwater areas also shall be inspected after every storm or
                                                      storm episode. During site inspections, the need to perform maintenance tasks for the specific area being
                                                      inspected shall be evaluated. All areas shall be inspected in relation to the maintenance specifications
                                                      contained in this Section."
                                                                                                                                      Stormwater inspection requirements during installation are unclear
                                                                                                                                      and hard to pull out of the existing ordinance. Consider revising to
                                                                                                                                      require a Stormwater Observation Report (SOR) be submitted prior
                                                                                                                                      to the issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy, esp. for complex
                                                                                                                                      projects (similar requirements already exist for Landscaping - see p.
                                                                                                                                      470 of the LDO). It is suggested that the SOR be prepared, signed,
                                                                                                                                      and stamped by the engineer of record (e.g., a licensed civil engineer
                                                                                                                                      or qualified professional), certifying that:  (S)he is the engineer or
                                                                                                                                      architect responsible for the approved LID technique and; (s)he or
                                                                                                                                      the designated staff under his/her responsible charge has performed
                                                                                                                                      the required site visits at each significant construction stage and at
                                                                                                                                      completion to verify that the BMPs shown on the approved plan
                                                                                                                                      have been constructed and installed in accordance with the
                                                                                                                                      approved plan. Also consider reviewing landscape maintenance and
                                                                                                                                      inspection requirements, and revising debris and weed control
                                                                                                                                      maintenance requirements (see p. 467+) to allow for maintenance of
                                                                                                                                      vegetated stormwater BMPs. As it currently reads, turf, weeding and
                                                                                                                                      mowing requirements may conflict with maintenance requirements
                                                                                                                                      of stormwater BMPs.
                                                                                                                                                                                            High
No      Require              Yes        2010 LDO    Article XXIX   Stormwater Ordinance in the 2010 LDO, Section 9: Maintenance and Repair, Part B, General Maintenance:
        maintenance                                             2. The maintenance plan shall contain specific preventative maintenance tasks and schedules; cost
        agreements                                              estimates, including estimated cost of sediment, debris, or trash removal; and the name, address, and
                                                                telephone number of the person or persons responsible for preventative and corrective maintenance
                                                                (including replacement). Maintenance guidelines for stormwater management measures are available in
                                                                the New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. If the maintenance plan identifies a person
                                                                other than the developer (for example, a public agency or homeowners'association) as having the
                                                                responsibility for maintenance, the plan shall include documentation of such person's agreement to assume
                                                                this responsibility, or of the developer's obligation to dedicate a stormwater management facility to such
                                                                person under an applicable ordinance or regulation.  3. Responsibility for maintenance shall not be assigned
                                                                or transferred to the owner or tenant of an individual property in a residential development or project,
                                                                unless such owner or tenant owns or leases the entire residential development or project. 4.  If the person
                                                                responsible for maintenance identified under Section 9.6.2 above is not a public agency, the maintenance
                                                                plan and any future revisions based on Section 9.6.7 below shall be recorded upon the deed of record for
                                                                each property on which the maintenance described in the maintenance plan must be undertaken.
                                                                                                                                                        Review landscaping maintenance requirements to ensure that no      High
                                                                                                                                                        conflicts exist with those of the stormwater section.
                                                                                                                   A-5

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  NJ
Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/      Section
Ordinance1   Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
No      Require inspectors
        to be trained and
        certified
                 No
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          Information is conflicting as to the training/certification requirements. No requirements were listed under
                          Article XXIX, Design standards for subdivision and site plans, §577-246 Landscape Maintenance and
                          Inspections. However, under §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management-Sanitary/Combined Sewer,
                          it states "P. Stormwater reports. 1. All reports are to be signed and sealed by a professional engineer."
                          These reports appear to be part of the plan submission process (although not included on the Checklist for
                          the Site Development Stormwater Plan (p. 393+)), and not the inspection process.
                                                       Clarify the training and certification requirements for inspectors.
                                                       Revise the ordinance to more clearly define the inspection
                                                       requirements.
                                         High
No      Require
        maintenance to be
        performed by a
        certified
        professional
                 No        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   Maintenance is not required to be performed by a certified professional. However, the maintenance plan
                                                      shall be prepared by a design engineer. Section 9: Maintenance and Repair, Part A. Applicability, 1. Projects
                                                      subject to review as in Section l.C of this ordinance shall comply with the requirements of Section 9.Band
                                                      9.C.
                                                      Under B. General Maintenance, it states that: "1. The design engineer shall prepare a maintenance plan for
                                                      the Stormwater management measures incorporated into the design of a major development." And: "4. If
                                                      the person responsible for maintenance identified under Section 9.B.2 above is not a public agency, the
                                                      maintenance plan and any future revisions based on Section 9.B.7 below shall be recorded upon the deed
                                                      of record for each property on which the maintenance described in the maintenance plan must be
                                                      undertaken.
                                                                                                                                      Consider including certification requirements for BMP maintenance    High
                                                                                                                                      in the Stormwater ordinance
Performance Standards
No      Require
        Stormwater to be
        retained/ infiltrated
        onsite
        (bioretention,
        natural areas, and
        swale infiltration)
        where possible
                 Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX  §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management-Sanitary/Combined Sewer, states "Except as
                                                     supplemented below, Stormwater collection and management shall be designed in accordance with the
                                                     standards set forth in the City Stormwater Ordinance, Stormwater Management Plan, and the New Jersey
                                                     Residential Site Improvements Standards (RSIS) N.J.A.C 5:12-7 et. Seq. for both residential and non-
                                                     residential development." See the Stormwater Control Ordinance provided on p. 379 of the 2010
                                                     LDO.Under Section 2: General Standards, Part A. Design and Performance Standards, of the Stormwater
                                                     Control Ordinance (starts on p. 379 of the 2010 LDO), it states: 1. Stormwater management measures for
                                                     major development shall be developed to meet the erosion control, groundwater recharge, Stormwater
                                                     runoff quantity, and Stormwater runoff quality standards in this section. To the maximum extent feasible,
                                                     these standards shall be met by incorporating nonstructural Stormwater management strategies into the
                                                     design.  If these strategies alone are not sufficient to meet these standards, structural Stormwater
                	management measures necessary to meet these standards shall be incorporated into the design.	
                                                                                                                                      None
No      Provide sufficient
        storage volume via
        Stormwater
        management
        practice standards
        and sizing
        requirements
                 Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX  The SCO restricts post-construction runoff hydrographs for the 2,10, and 100 year storm events from
                                                     exceeding, at any point in time, the pre-construction runoff hydrographs for the same storm events. Part
                                                     I.e., minimum design standards, states that, in order to control Stormwater runoff quantity impacts the
                                                     design engineer shall complete one of the following: 1. Demonstrate through hydrologic and hydraulic
                                                     analysis that for Stormwater leaving the site, post-construction runoff hydrographs for the 2,10, and 100
                                                     year storm events do not exceed, at any point in time, the pre-construction runoff hydrographs for the
                                                     same storm events; 2. Demonstrate through hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that there is no increase, as
                                                     compared to the pre-construction condition, in the peak runoff rates of Stormwater leaving the site for the
                                                     2,10, and 100 year storm events and that the  increased volume or change in timing of Stormwater runoff
                                                     will not increase flood damage at or downstream of the site. This analysis shall include the analysis of
                                                     impacts of existing land uses and projected land uses assuming full development under existing zoning and
                                                     land use ordinances in the drainage area;  3. Design Stormwater management measures  so that the post-
                                                     construction peak runoff rates for the 2,10 and 100 year storm events are 50, 75 and 80 % respectively, of
                                                     the preconstruction peak runoff rates. The %ages apply only to post-construction Stormwater runoff that is
                                                     attributable to the portion of the site on which the proposed development or project is to be constructed.
                                                     The %ages shall not be applied to post-construction Stormwater runoff into tidal flood hazard areas if the
                                                     increased volume of Stormwater runoff will not increase flood damages below the point of discharge; or 4.
                                                     In tidal flood hazard areas, Stormwater runoff quantity analysis in accordance with 1, 2 and 3 above shall
                                                     only be applied if the increased volume of Stormwater runoff could increase flood damages below the point
                                                     of discharge.
                                                                                                                                      None
                                                                                                                   A-6

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  NJ
Slist
Key Question
             Code/       Section
Findings   Ordinance1    Reference
                                           Comments
                       Recommendation
Priority
No      Ensure adequate
        water quality,
        channel protection,
        and flood control
        performance
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
Water quality: Stormwater management measures are designed to reduce the post-construction load of
total suspended solids (TSS) in stormwater runoff by 80 percent of the anticipated load from the developed
site, expressed as an annual average. Requirements kick in if an additional % acre of impervious surface is
being proposed on a development site. The requirement to reduce TSS does not apply to any stormwater
runoff in a discharge regulated under a numeric effluent limitation for TSS imposed under the New Jersey
Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NJPDES) rules, N.J.A.C. 7:14A, or in a discharge specifically exempt
under a NJPDES permit from this requirement. The water quality design storm is 1.25 inches of rainfall in
two hours. Water quality calculations shall take into account the distribution of rain from the water quality
design storm, as reflected in Table 1. The calculation of the volume of runoff may take into account  the
implementation of non-structural and structural stormwater management measures.
None
No      Ensure adequate
        applicability
        thresholds for
        performance
        standards
                 Partly      2010 LDO     Article XXIX   • Under Sec. 1, Part C., Applicability, the Stormwater Control Ordinance states: the minimum stormwater
                                                      management requirements and controls "...shall be applicable to any site plan or subdivision that requires
                                                      preliminary or final site plan review." • Under Sec. 2, General standards, Part A.2., states: the Design and
                                                      Performance Standards for Stormwater Management Measures "... apply only to new major development
                                                      and are intended to minimize the impact of stormwater runoff on water quality and water quantity in
                                                      receiving water bodies and maintain groundwater recharge. The standards do not apply to new major
                                                      development to the extent that alternative design and performance standards are applicable under a
                                                      regional stormwater management plan or Water quality Management Plan adopted in accordance with
                                                      Department rules. Such alternative standards shall provide at least as much protection from stormwater-
                                                      related loss of groundwater recharge, stormwater quantity and water quality impacts of major
                                                      development projects as would be provided under the standards in this subchapter." • Sec. 2, General
                                                      Standards, Part G.I., regarding stormwater runoff quality standards, states: "Stormwater management
                                                      measures shall be designed to reduce the post-construction load of total suspended solids (TSS) in
                                                      stormwater runoff by 80 percent of the anticipated load from the developed site, expressed as an annual
                                                      average. Stormwater management measures shall only be required for water quality control if an additional
                                                      % acre of impervious surface is being proposed on a development site. The requirement to reduce TSS does
                                                      not apply to any stormwater runoff in a discharge regulated under a numeric effluent limitation for TSS
                                                      imposed under the New Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NJPDES) rules, N.J.A.C. 7:14A, or in a
                                                      discharge specifically exempt under a  NJPDES permit from this requirement. The water quality design storm
                                                      is 1.25 inches of rainfall in two hours..."
                                                                                                                                      Evaluate the 1/4 acre impervious surface requirement which triggers
                                                                                                                                      water quality control requirements to be put into place in Camden in
                                                                                                                                      comparison to average lot sizes.  For an urban area, where lots are
                                                                                                                                      typically smaller than 1/4 acre, the majority of sites would fall under
                                                                                                                                      this lot size.  Consider reducing the requirement to 5,000 sq. ft.
                                                                                                                                                                  High
No      Require outfalls to
        be stabilized to
        reduce erosion
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX   See state code, NJAC §7:13-11.10 Requirements for a stormwater outfall structure
                                                                                                  None
Yes     Identify
        environmentally
        critical/constrained
        areas as part of
        existing conditions
                 Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   Existing conditions identified include steep slopes (§577-264), trees (§577-248), wetlands and stream
                                                      encroachments (§577-260); threatened and endangered plants and animals (§577-263). Note: It is not clear
                                                      to the reader if a limit of disturbance that depicts environmentally critical and environmentally constrained
                                                      areas (e.g., an approved stream buffer) is required to be shown on a grading plan, regardless of whether a
                                                      site plan is to be submitted. Minimum details required to be shown on a grading plan are provided on pp.
                                                      353-354 of the 2010 land development ordinance, but do not mention a limit of disturbance. However, on
                                                      p.465, under §577-245 Landscape Plan Notes: "G. Additional landscaping approved by the City Engineer
                                                      shall be provided by the applicant to replace any vegetation inadvertently removed from outside the limit
                                                      of disturbance line as shown on the approved grading plan during construction." In either case, a soil and
                                                      erosion plan is required if >500 sq. ft. is disturbed.
                                                                                                                                      Clarify whether environmentally critical or constrained areas and
                                                                                                                                      limits of disturbance are identified on grading plans, regardless of
                                                                                                                                      whether a site plan is submitted. Consider requiring a natural
                                                                                                                                      resources and hydrologic soils inventory plan be required to be
                                                                                                                                      approved by the department prior to any grading plan or Minor
                                                                                                                                      Subdivision  and Minor Site Plan submissions
                                                                                                                                                                  Med
                                                                                                                   A-7

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NJ
0list Key Question Findings
Code/ Section
Ordinance1 Reference
Comments
Recommendation Priority
Minimize Land Disturbances
Limits of Disturbance
Yes Ability to reduce No
setbacks
Yes Include maximum No
turf grass or
impervious cover
limits in setbacks
Yes Prohibit clear- Yes
cutting of
construction
project site
Yes Limit traffic of No
heavy construction
vehicles to specific
areas
Yes Require Yes
2010 LDO Various
(Article IV -
Article
XXIV)
2010 LDO Various
(Article IV -
Article
XXIV)
2010 LDO Article XXIX
2010 LDO Article XXIX
2010 LDO Article XXIX
While there's not the ability to reduce setbacks, each zone (except for planned developments) has
impervious cover limits. The reduction of setbacks and frontages are sometimes used as an LID tool to
further reduce the total amount of impervious area associated with land development projects. Reduced
setbacks allow structures to be located closer to the street, reducing the length of driveway needed to
access the site. Similarly, reduced frontage widths can result in structures located closer together,
ultimately requiring less public infrastructure (e.g., roadway and utilities).
While each zone has an impervious cover limit, there are no additional maximum turf grass or impervious
cover limits imposed on the setbacks themselves.
Measures currently exist to protect trees or a percentage of trees of site. See §577-247 and §577-248. Sets
limits on the % of existing tree canopy that can be removed, both in total and based on DBH, replacement
requirements, tree protection measures during construction, and the use of a conservation easement to
protect remaining stands.
Measures are included for preventing soil compaction around trees (see §577-248 Standards for Tree
Protection During Construction), but not the site in general (see §577-250 Soil Erosion and Sediment
Control). It is best (and cost-effective) to avoid soil compaction whenever possible.
The ordinance requires the identification of forested areas, riparian corridors, wetlands, and areas with high
Consider allowing for reduced setbacks in residential developments Low
where it allows increased access and proximity to communal open
space and a strong sense of neighborhood community
Consider putting restrictions on the amount of turf or impervious Low
areas for setback areas specifically
None
Consider adding provisions to §577-250 to include measures to High
identify and prevent soil compaction of soils with the highest
infiltration capacity, and to require the identification and use of
specified travel paths for heavy construction equipment to limit
overall site compaction, in addition to preventing and controlling soil
erosion and sedimentation. Also require the placement of temporary
construction trailers to be shown on plans to ensure they are placed
outside of environmentally sensitive areas and off soils with the
highest infiltration capacity.
Include on checklist of areas that should be identified on plans Med
        identification of
        specific areas that
        provide significant
        hydrologic
        functions.
                                     groundwater recharge capabilities.
Yes     Require as-built
        inspections before
        issuance of
        occupancy that
        includes id of
        compacted areas
No
2010 LDO    Article XXX   See §577-290 Signing and Distribution of Approved Plans.
Consider revise as-built inspection process to ensure that soil
compaction is addressed and mediated prior to the issuance of
occupancy.
High
Yes     Require restoration
        of compacted areas
        in accordance with
        soil erosion and
        sediment plan
No         2010 LDO     Article XXIX   Measures are included for preventing soil compaction around trees (see §577-248 Standards for Tree
                                     Protection During Construction), but not the site in general. It is best (and cost-effective) to avoid
                                     soil compaction whenever possible. Prior to construction, assess the site to identify the soils with the
                                     highest infiltration capacity.
                                                                                                                               Add provisions to the §577-250 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control to
                                                                                                                               restore overall soil conditions at construction sites after construction
                                                                                                                               is completed.  Note that New Jersey has just recently (this year)
                                                                                                                               published modifications and standards to address post-construction
                                                                                                                               soil compaction across the state. These will be included in the
                                                                                                                               Technical Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New
                                                                                                                               Jersey when they are readopted. The most recent version is
                                                                                                                               available here: www.state.nj.us/dep/barnegatbay/plan-
                                                                                                                               soilrestoration.htm
                                                                  High
                                                                                                                      A-8

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 NJ
Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/       Section
Ordinance1    Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
No      Require
        disturbance of
        vegetated areas to
        be phased
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          Under Part D, Design standards for the preparation and implementation of a soil erosion and sediment
                          control plan (§577-250), it states that: "3. The smallest practicable area of land shall be exposed at any one
                          time during development, and stripping of vegetation, grading or other soil disturbance shall be done in a
                          manner which will minimize soil erosion and the duration of the disturbance;" and "4. Work shall be
                          performed in stages where necessary."	
                                                        None
No      Minimize
        hydrologic
        alterations to
        existing wetlands.
                 Yes        2010 LDO    Article XXIX   Under §577-260 Wetlands, Stream Encroachment, Environmental Constraints and Considerations:* C. All
                                                      applications for development and uses of land in wetlands shall be subject to and permitted only in
                                                      compliance with the provisions of the New Jersey Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act (N.J.S.A. 13:9B-1 et
                                                      seq.) and the regulations adopted thereunder (N.J.A.C. 7:7A-1 et seq.). Any provisions in this article
                                                      referring to wetlands regulations shall be construed to mean the provisions of the New Jersey Freshwater
                                                      Wetlands Protection Act and the regulations adopted pursuant thereto.* D. All applications for
                                                      development shall show the limits of wetlands, wetland buffer area, stream encroachment limits and other
                                                      environmental constraints. In the case of subdivisions, this shall be included on the plan of lots, recorded in
                                                      the deeds, and a point-of-sale disclosure provided to all prospective buyers of individual lots
                                                                                                                                        None
No      Require/encourage
        building footprints
        to avoid highly
        erodible soils and
        soils with  high
        permeability (Soil
        Groups A  and  B).
                  No
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          §577-250, Soil Erosion and Sediment Control, requires a soil erosion and sediment control plan to be
                          approved prior to preliminary major site plan approval, minor subdivision approval or preliminary major
                          subdivision approval. The plan must show the location and description of existing natural and manmade
                          features on and surrounding the site, and including the soil characteristics of the site. However, the design
                          standards do not specify that highly erodible soil areas and areas suitable for infiltration practices should be
                          designated to be left undisturbed (see p. 487+). Similarly, the checklist for a Site Development Stormwater
                          Plan Approval (§577-229) includes a topographic base map which include, among other things, the location
                          of highly erodible soils (p. 393). However, the current language in the ordinance doesn't necessarily
                          preclude development in such areas.
                                                        Consider revising ordinance language to make it clear that highly
                                                        erodible soils and areas suitable for infiltration practices (soil groups
                                                        A and B) are both mapped and designated to be left undisturbed,
                                                        where possible.
                                          Med
Open
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Space and Cluster Development
Allow open space Yes
or cluster
developments
Allow for flexible Yes
site design
incentives for open
space or cluster
design
Set limits on No
allowable
disturbance of
existing vegetation
Reestablish No
vegetated areas in
disturbed open
space
Set limits on No
allowable
impervious cover in
open space

2010 LDO Article
XXVIII
2010 LDO Article
XXVIII
2010 LDO Article
XXVIII
2010 LDO Article
XXVIII
2010 LDO Article
XXVIII

See §577-215 Planned Developments
See §577-215 Planned Developments. States that "Common open space shall be provided as part of any
planned development. Open space shall be classified as developed (recreational) or undeveloped (natural)
space. Undeveloped open space shall have as a prime objective the preservation of a site's natural
amenities." However, no requirements are placed in the ordinances as to the percentage or type of open
space required to allow to be considered as a planned development. Note that the previous version of the
Zoning and Land Use had open space ratios defined (see prior §577-207)
See §577-215 Planned Developments. No limits are currently set on the allowable disturbance of existing
vegetated areas in open space.
See §577-215 Planned Developments. No requirements exist for re-establishing vegetation in disturbed
areas dedicated to open space. Only states that: "F. F. Common open space facilities shall be constructed,
improved and dedicated in accordance with a comprehensive phasing plan set forth in the approving
resolution, the developer's agreement or both."
See §577-215 Planned Developments. No maximum allowable impervious cover limits are established for
open space areas in planned developments.

None
Add minimum percentage requirement of the development that
must remain open space. Set priorities for what open space should
preserve.
Establish limits on the allowable disturbance of existing vegetated
areas in open space
Set requirements for re-establishing vegetation in disturbed areas
dedicated to open space.
Establish maximum allowable impervious cover limits for open space
areas in planned developments.


Med
Med
Med
Med
                                                                                                                    A-9

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  NJ
Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/       Section
Ordinance1   Reference
                                           Comments
                       Recommendation
Priority
Transit Oriented Development
No      Encourage higher
        density
        development to be
        centered around
        transportation
        corridors
                 Yes        2010 LDO    Article XVII   Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Zones are covered under Article XVIII, and allows for a considerably
                                                      higher total % impervious for townhouse (80%), multi-family (90%), and nonresidential (90%) than other
                                                      zones. ALSO: Under the Purpose section (§577-3), the 2010 LDO lists as part of its objectives: • D. To
                                                      promote the Smart Growth planning goals of the State of New Jersey with the establishment of appropriate
                                                      population densities and concentrations that will contribute to the well-being of persons, neighborhoods,
                                                      communities and regions and preservation of the natural and historic environment; and* G. To encourage
                                                      intense and varied development where land, utilities and access to mass transportation exists. In its
                                                      Definitions section, Transit Nodes are defined as "stops along a public transportation route where people
                                                      board and disembark, often where one or more routes intersect with each other. These sites can provide
                                                      ideal locations for mixed-use developments as well as transit-oriented developments."
                                                                                                                                       None
Rainwater Harvesting
Building and Zoning Code
No      Allow downspouts
        to be disconnected
        into a rain barrel or
        yard
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          While not specifically listed in the stormwater control ordinance section of the 2010 LDO, and also not
                          present in the NJ Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, the 2010 LDO, §577-229, does identify
                          "reducing and disconnecting impervious cover" as a BMP, and Section 5, Part B, states: "Other stormwater
                          management measures may be utilized provided the design engineer demonstrates that the proposed
                          measure and its design will accomplish the required water quantity, groundwater recharge and water
                          quality design and performance standards established by this subchapter." The Rutgers Cooperative
                          Extension Water Resources Program is listed as one source, and provides significant outreach on
                          downspout disconnections into a rain barrel or yard.
                                                                                                   Consider providing design specifications or a link on Camden's
                                                                                                   website that identifies common practices for homeowners and
                                                                                                   developers. Consider revising the New Jersey Uniform Construction
                                                                                                   Codes to allow for rainwater harvesting. As an example, see
                                                                                                   Virginia's amendments (search for "rain water") to its 2009 codes,
                                                                                                   also derived from the International Building Codes, and available
                                                                                                   here:
                                                                                                   http://www.dhcd.virginia.gov/StateBuildingCodesandRegulations/PD
                                                                                                   Fs/2009/Code%20-%20VCC.pdf	
                                                                 Med
No      Allow interior or
        exterior cisterns
                 No
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          Camden follows New Jersey's Uniform Construction Codes. For building codes, NJ cites the 2009
                          International Building Code® New Jersey Edition, and may need to be modified to allow for rainwater
                          harvesting. See www.ecodes.biz/ecodes_support/Free_Resources/NewJersey/06_09NewJersey_main.html
                          for a copy of the building code. In addition, there is no standard for cisterns in the NJ Stormwater BMP
                          Manual.
                                                                                                   Consider revising the New Jersey Uniform Construction Codes to
                                                                                                   allow for rainwater harvesting. As an example, see Virginia's
                                                                                                   amendments (search for "rain water") to its 2009 codes, also derived
                                                                                                   from the International Building Codes, and available here:
                                                                                                   http://www.dhcd.virginia.gov/StateBuildingCodesandRegulations/PD
                                                                                                   Fs/2009/Code%20-%20VCC. pdf
                                                                 Med
No      Allow rain barrels
        to be placed within
        standard zoning
        setback areas
                 No
          2010 LDO
             Various
             (Article IV -
             Article
             XXIV)
In the 2010 LDO, a setback is defined as "An area extending the full width of the lot between the street
right-of-way and the required yard within which no buildings or parts of buildings may be erected."
Revise the zoning and development code to expressly allow rain
barrels to encroach
into required zoning setbacks
Med
No      Allow cisterns to be   No
        placed on rooftops
        for rainwater
        harvesting
                            2010 LDO    Article I,      §577-18 defines Accessory Buildings, Structures, or Uses as "a building, structure or use which is
                                         Article III     customarily associated with and is incidental and subordinate to the principal building, structure or use, and
                                                      which is located on the same lot therewith, including but not limited to garages, carports, decks, sheds,
                                                      non-portable swimming pools and all roofed structures. Any accessory building or structure attached to the
                                                      principal building shall be considered part of the principal building..."Building Height is defined as "The
                                                      vertical distance measured from the mean elevation of the finished grade along the front of the building to
                                                      the highest point of the roof for flat roofs, to the mean height level (between the eaves and ridge) for gable
                                                      and hip roofs and to the deck line of mansard roofs. In all cases the building height shall not include
                                                      chimneys, spires, towers, elevator penthouses, tanks, antennas, air-conditioning equipment, and similar
                                                      projections, provided  however that such projections shall be  attractively and appropriately designed and/or
                                                      shielded."§577-23 Principal and Accessory Buildings, states "Unless otherwise specifically permitted within
                                                      this Ordinance, no more than one (1) principal dwelling or building shall be permitted on one (1) lot. Any
                                                      accessory building attached to  a principal building by a common wall, an abutting wall or a roof shall be
                                                      considered part of the principal building and shall adhere to the yard requirements for the principal
                                                      building."
                                                                                                                                       Review/revise the zoning code to allow cisterns to exceed building
                                                                                                                                       height requirements (building height definition). Review/revise the
                                                                                                                                       building code for allowing cisterns to be placed on rooftops, with
                                                                                                                                       identified maintenance requirements.
                                                                                                                                                                                             Med
                                                                                                                   A-10

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  NJ
Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/       Section
Ordinance1   Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
Plumbing
No      Allow interior or      Partly
        exterior cisterns
                            Ch. 418 PM   Article V
                                    • §418-96 Sanitary drainage system, part A, states that, "All plumbing fixtures shall be properly connected
                                    to either a public sewer system or to an approved private sewage disposal system." • §418-97, Storm
                                    drainage, states that "Drainage of roofs and paved areas, yards and courts and other open areas on the
                                    premises shall not be discharged in a manner that creates a public nuisance." • In addition, Camden follows
                                    the National Standard Plumbing Code, 2009.  Chapter 13, Storm Water Drainage, 13.1.1, Where Required,
                                    states that "Roofs, paved areas, yards, courts, and courtyards shall be drained to either a storm sewer
                                    where available, a combined sewer where necessary, or to a place of disposal satisfactory to the Authority
                                    Having Jurisdiction. EXCEPTION: Storm water from one- and two-family dwellings may be discharged on
                                    lawns or streets provided that the storm water flows away from the dwelling and does not otherwise create
                                    a nuisance." • National Standard Plumbing Code, 2009, includes Appendix G: Graywater Recycling Systems.
                                    States: "G.3 APPROVED MATERIALS, a. All materials, fixtures or equipment used in the installation, repair or
                                    alteration of graywater systems, shall conform to the standards listed in Chapter 3 of this Code. b. Materials
                                    not listed in Chapter 3 of this Code may be used with the approval of the Authority Having Jurisdiction as
                                    permitted in Section 3.12.2." (Note: these rules are for graywater, and not rainwater)
                                                                                                                            Consider revising Article 5 to allow for rainwater collection. As an
                                                                                                                            example of where amendments have been made to a state plumbing
                                                                                                                            code to allow for rainwater collection, see North Carolina's Appendix
                                                                                                                            C-l, Rainwater Recycling Systems, which added requirements for rain
                                                                                                                            water connections, collection reservoir, filtration, overflow and
                                                                                                                            makeup water related to the use of cistern-collected rainwater for
                                                                                                                            flushing toilets and irrigation. In addition, rainwater harvesting
                                                                                                                            guidelines outlining when a permit or site plan approval is required,
                                                                                                                            design specifications, etc., would benefit developers and
                                                                                                                            homeowners alike. An example guideline (Berkeley, CA) can be
                                                                                                                            found here:
                                                                                                                            www.ci.berkeley.ca. us/uploaded Files/Planning_and_Development/L
                                                                                                                            evel_3_-_Energy_and_Sustainable_Development7rainwater.pdf. In
                                                                                                                            addition, a list of and information on states with rainwater harvesting
                                                                                                                            statutes, programs and legislation is available here:
                                                                                                                            www.ncsl.org/issues-research/env-res/rainwater-harvesting.aspx.
                                                                                                                        Med
No
No
No
Require BMP Partly
maintenance plan
for cisterns
Allow harvested No
rainwater to be
used for
nonpotable interior
uses (e.g., toilet
flushing)
Allow personal No
treatment systems
to be used for
potable water
supplies
Ch. 418 PM Article V Camden follows the National Standard Plumbing Code, 2009, which includes Appendix G: Graywater
Recycling Systems. In reference to graywater systems, appendix G states: "G.ll MAINTENANCE The
graywater system shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturers recommended maintenance
instructions." (Note: these rules are for graywater, and not rainwater). In Article XXIX of the 2010 LDO, Any
stormwater management measures incorporated into the design of a major development shall incorporate
a maintenance plan, according to Section 3:Stormwater Management Requirements for Major
Development of the Stormwater Control Ordinance (p. 380). However, it is not clear what size or use would
trigger a maintenance plan.
Ch. 418 PM Article V Camden follows the National Standard Plumbing Code, 2009, which includes Appendix G: Graywater
Recycling Systems. States: "G.3 APPROVED MATERIALS, a. All materials, fixtures or equipment used in the
installation, repair or alteration of graywater systems, shall conform to the standards listed in Chapter 3 of
this Code. b. Materials not listed in Chapter 3 of this Code may be used with the approval of the Authority
Having Jurisdiction as permitted in Section 3.12.2." (Note: these rules are for graywater, and not rainwater)
Ch. 418 PM Article V Camden follows the National Standard Plumbing Code, 2009, which includes Appendix G: Graywater
Recycling Systems. Graywater applications are limited to non-potable uses such as toilet and urinal
flushing, landscape irrigation, supply water for ornamental ponds and make-up water for cooling towers.
Vegetated Open Channels
Vegetated Channels
Yes
Yes
Allow/require Yes
vegetated open
channel
conveyance
Establish design Yes
criteria for
vegetated channels
2010 LDO Article XXIX See §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management, pp. 381. Vegetated open channels are listed under
part 2.h. as a nonstructural stormwater management measure which should be incorporated into the
design to the maximum extent practicable. However, Camden Smart may want to check the New Jersey
State Department of Transportation Specifications for Curbs and Gutters to ensure that gutters are not
limited to concrete only.
2010 LDO Article XXIX See §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management, pp. 382: "Guidance for nonstructural stormwater
management measures is available in the New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. The
manual is available on the Department of Environmental Protection's stormwater web page at
http://www.njstormwater.org."
Consider adding specifications for the use of rainwater harvesting Med
systems, in addition to graywater systems.
Consider working with the state to identify how rainwater can be Med
used for nonpotable interior uses.
If the use of rainwater for non-potable uses is a high priority for the Low
city, consider working with public officials at the city and state level
to determine the personal treatment measures necessary for
allowing rainwater to be used for potable uses.


Check to ensure compatibility with the New Jersey State Department High
of Transportation Specifications for Curbs and Gutters
None
                                                                                                                   A-ll

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  NJ
Eflist
   Key Question
 Findings
  Code/
Ordinance1
 Section
Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
Vegetation and Landscaping
Landscaping Island and Screening Ordinance
Yes
Require
landscaping in
parking lots
Yes
2010 LDO     Article XXIX
            See §577-244, Site Design Principles, Part B, Non-residential developments, Part 5, Parking and Circulation,
            it states that "All parking areas shall be screened from streets and adjacent parcels by fencing and/or walls
            plus landscaping to assure that the visual effect of large paved areas and standing automobiles is minimized
            and that the effect of the natural landscape and the architecture dominates. Parking areas shall also be
            subdivided by planting islands containing trees and other landscape materials. Planting islands shall be
            located at selected intervals where they will aid in reducing the visual expanse of pavement areas."
                                                        The language of the ordinance could easily be adjusted to require
                                                        vegetation that is more beneficial for stormwater quality. However,
                                                        as it currently reads, the ordinance's primary concern is reducing the
                                                        visual expanse of pavement areas. Consider changing to:
                                                        "Landscaped edges and islands for all parking areas shall be provided
                                                        which function as stormwater management features and incorporate
                                                        woll scroonod by borms, plantings and-r-of other screening methods
                                                        to minimize the4f visual impact of the parking area."
Yes     Allow the use of
        bioretention islands
        and other
        stormwater
        practices within
        landscaped areas
        or setbacks
                    No        2010 LDO    Article       Article XXIX §577-244, Site Design Principles, Part B, Non-residential developments, Part 7, Landscaping:
                                            XXVIII and    "Landscaping shall be required in those areas that are designated as required setback areas, areas within
                                            Article XXIX   parking lots, and areas not used for ingress, egress, parking, or storage, and areas subject to grading and re-
                                                         contouring. ... an overall landscape theme dealing with major design elements shall be established." The
                                                         landscape themes do not explicitly encourage or discourage the placement of bioretention or other
                                                         stormwater practices within landscaped areas or setbacks. Similarly, Article XXVIII §577-192 Landscaping in
                                                         All Zones, states that, "... the entire lot, except for areas covered by buildings or surfaced as parking,
                                                         recreation or service areas, shall be seeded, sodded or planted with ground cover and suitably landscaped
                                                         to include trees, shrubs, edging materials, stones, rocks or gravel; in accordance with an overall landscape
                                                         plan consistent with the natural surroundings and neighborhood. All landscaping shall be properly
                                                         maintained throughout the life of any use on said lot." Design Standards for Subdivision  and Site Plans,
                                                         §577-218 General Interest: • Part D, "Buffering shall be located around the perimeter... to minimize the
                                                         impact of vehicle headlights, noise,  light from structures, the movement of people and vehicles, and to
                                                         shield activities from adjacent properties when necessary. Buffering shall consist of fencing, landscaped
                                                         berms, evergreen trees and shrubs, and deciduous trees or combinations thereof to achieve the stated
                                                         objectives." • Part E, "Landscaping shall  be provided as part of the overall development design and
                                                         integrated into building arrangements, topography, parking and buffering requirements. Landscaping shall
                                                         include the preservation of existing vegetation to the extent possible as well as trees, shrubs, ground cover,
                                                         perennials, annuals, plants, sculpture, art and the use of building and paving materials in an imaginative
                                                         manner." • Part F, "Common open space shall be provided as part of any planned development. Open space
                                                         shall be classified as developed (recreational) or undeveloped (natural) space. Undeveloped open space
                                                         shall have as a prime objective the preservation of a site's natural amenities."
                                                                                                                                         Consider changing §577-244, Site Design Principles, Part B, Non-
                                                                                                                                         residential developments, Part 7, Landscaping, to read something
                                                                                                                                         like: "Landscaping shall be required in those areas that... Although
                                                                                                                                         each site could have a different building configuration and use, and
                                                                                                                                         in some cases individual owners, an overall landscape theme shall be
                                                                                                                                         designed in keeping with low impact stormwater management
                                                                                                                                         principles, and dealing with the major design elements shall be
                                                                                                                                         established that complement the general appearance of neighboring
                                                                                                                                         developed areas. Similarly, consider changing §577-192,
                                                                                                                                         Landscaping in All Zones, to include concepts such as: "Other
                                                                                                                                         provisions of this Ordinance notwithstanding, in any district, the
                                                                                                                                         entire lot, except for areas... shall be designed in keeping with low
                                                                                                                                         impact stormwater management principles soodod, sodded planted
                                                                                                                                         with ground cover and suitably landscaped to include trees, shrubs,
                                                                                                                                         edging materials, stones, rocks or gravel; in accordance with an
                                                                                                                                         overall landscape plan consistent with the natural surroundings and
                                                                                                                                         neighborhood. All landscaping shall be properly maintained
                                                                                                                                         throughout the life of any use on said lot." Similar revisions should
                                                                                                                                         be considered for the sections identified under §577-218.
                                          High
                                                                                                                                                                                               High
Yes     Require screening
        from adjoining
        properties to
        encourage using
        vegetation in lieu of
        walls and berms
                    No
           2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                          Screening is required. It is identified in various parts of the 2010 land development ordinance, and in
                          particular in §577-244 Landscaping and Buffering. The screening requirement does not currently place
                          preference on the use of vegetation to the maximum extent practicable
                                                                                                                Revise the language in §577-244 A, General principals, to place the
                                                                                                                use of vegetation which is designed in keeping with low impact
                                                                                                                stormwater management principles over the use of walls and berms.
                                                                                                                         High
No      Give bioretention
        areas "credit" as
        landscape areas to
        count as a percent
        of required
        landscaping
                    No
           2010 LDO
             Various
             (Article IV -
             Article
             XXIV)
            While no % landscaping requirements exist, there are maximum % impervious cover limits for each zoning
            type.
                                                        Ensure that bioretention areas, rain gardens, and other vegetated LID   High
                                                        BMPs receive partial or full credit towards meeting % pervious cover
                                                        requirements.
                                                                                                                    A-12

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  NJ
Eflist
Key Question
             Code/       Section
Findings    Ordinance1   Reference
                                            Comments
                       Recommendation
Priority
No     Require
        landscaping plans
        to include less
        water-intensive,
        native vegetation
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
Under §577-244 Landscaping and Buffering, Part B, Landscaping Plan: • "A landscape plan prepared by a
certified landscape architect, planner, architect or engineer shall be submitted with each site plan and
major subdivision application... All plants listed in Appendix I —Nonindigenous Plant Species  shall not be
used (unless otherwise approved by the Planning Board) by applicants, developers and others that seek to
develop land in the City and all plants listed in Appendix II —Native Plants of New Jersey shall be used
(unless otherwise approved by the Planning Board)."And under the 2010 LDO §577-313 Violations and
Penalties, Part B.2.c.:» "Where a shoreline lot owner violates the buffer corridor cutting restrictions, the
Zoning Officer/Administrative Officer shall require native trees/vegetation of reasonable diameter in size to
be planted so as to create a buffer strip area which is in compliance with that Section...." In addition, under
§577-244 Landscaping and Buffering, Part C, general landscaping requirements states that "Landscaping
shall be planned in such a way that the site requires as little use of potable water as possible to ensure the
survival of the plants. Water conservation is a critical  purpose of this section."	
None
No     Allow the use of
        rain gardens, tree
        boxes, and other
        LIDBMPs for tree
        planting
        requirements
                  No         2010 LDO     Article XXIX   The street tree selection and design guidelines found in §577-244 Landscaping and Buffering, Part D.8. do
                                                       not particularly encourage or require the use of rain gardens, tree boxes, and other LID BMPs with street
                                                       tree plantings.
                                                                                                                                         Revise tree selection and design guidelines to allow the use of
                                                                                                                                         bioretention areas, tree boxes, and other GSI practices for tree
                                                                                                                                         planting requirements. Consider allowing for certain practices to
                                                                                                                                         receive partial or full credit for tree planting requirements as an
                                                                                                                                         incentive.
                                                                                                                                                                      High
No     Require weather-
        based irrigation
        controls
                  Partly
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
Irrigation systems are not always required. In the 2010 LDO, §577-224 Site Design Principles., Part B.7.C.,
Landscaping for nonresidential development:
• "Landscaping shall be designed and installed in accordance with professional standards and all landscape
plans shall be subject to Planning Board review and approval. All such landscaping, including lawn areas,
trees and shrubbery shall be maintained in excellent condition by cutting, trimming, feeding, watering and
weeding. Plants shall be replaced as may be required by Ordinance. Landscaping shall be installed upon the
substantial completion of the building, weather permitting, and an underground irrigation system may be
required by the Planning Board in some or all landscaped areas."

Also, the Green Design Guidelines encourage limiting the use of potable water for irrigation, but does not
restrict it.
None
No     Allow green
        infrastructure
        techniques to
        replace grass strips
        between sidewalk
        and curb
                  No         2010 LDO     Article XXIX   In the definitions section of the 2010 Land Development Ordinance, "Landscape Screen/Strip" is defined as
                                                       "a completely planted visual barrier (or having equivalent natural growth) composed of evergreen plants
                                                       and trees and/or shrubs arranged to form both a low-level and a high-level screen." Curb cuts plus
                                                       bioretention areas/swales/and other green infrastructure practices within the area between the sidewalk
                                                       and curb are a useful tool for retrofitting existing neighborhoods with green infrastructure practices
                                                       without major reconstruction.  It is significantly cheaper than working to collect stormwater via in-street
                 	practices.	
                                                                                                                                         In addition to modifying the ordinance to allow for curb cuts, also
                                                                                                                                         consider placing emphasis on the use of bioretention, swales, and
                                                                                                                                         other green infrastructure practices between the curb and sidewalk,
                                                                                                                                         and to incorporate specific design specs for doing so (see
                                                                                                                                         http://watershedmg.org/sites/default/files/greenstreets/WMG_GIS
                                                                                                                                         WNH_1.0.pdf as an example).
                                                                                                                                                                      High
Preservation of Natural Areas
Yes     Site plan applicants
        required to provide
        layout of existing
        vegetated  areas
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
See Design Standards for Subdivisions and Site Plans. Existing and proposed conditions of a lot "including
but not limited to topography, vegetation, drainage, flood plains, marshes and waterways," must be shown
for development plans of one or more lots. Also, proposals for protection of existing vegetation during and
after construction must be provided on a landscape plan (See §577-244 Landscaping and Buffering, Part B,
p. 454)
None
Low
Yes     Presence of
        maximum as well
        as minimum yard
        sizing ordinance
                 Yes         2010 LDO     Article I       §577-11 lists the minimum and uniform regulations that shall apply in the respective districts, including B...
                                                       maximum allowable lot coverage. Lot Coverage is defined as that part or percentage of the lot covered by
                                                       building area and impervious surfaces.
                                                                                                                                         None
                                                                                                                                                                      Low
Yes     Residential
        restrictions for
        enlarging existing
        turf lawn areas
                  No
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX   Not addressed under §577-244 Landscaping and Buffering.
                                                                                                    Consider placing limits on (or incentivizing reductions of) the
                                                                                                    percentage of landscapable area that can be in turf grass. EPA's
                                                                                                    Watersense program recommends 40%. See
                                                                                                    http://epa.gov/watersense/docs/home_turfgrass-report508.pdf.
                                                                 Low
                                                                                                                     A-13

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NJ
Eflist
Yes
Yes
Key Question
Provides incentives
for using
vegetation to filter
stormwater runoff
Require a specific
percentage of
permanently
protected open
space for cluster
development
Code/ Section
Findings Ordinance1 Reference
No 2010 LDO Appendix
XVIII
No 2010 LDO Article
XXVIII
Comments
While using vegetation to filter stormwater runoff is o incentives for filtering stormwater runoff.
Original §577-207 established specific percentages. However, the 2010 LDO takes out specific percentages
(see new §577-215, Planned development.). The development does have to follow more stringent
requirements and must submit a general development plan for approval. Also, §577-252 Open Space and
Recreation Facilities states that "F. Residential subdivisions of eight or more lots shall provide at least ten
percent (10%) dedicated open space, of which fifty percent (50%) must be usable land to provide for active
and/or passive recreation as found to be appropriate by the Planning Board based on existing and/or
anticipated resident need and demand."
Recommendation
Explore options for including incentives to encourage BMPs on
residential properties.
Open space is defined as including conservation and recreational
uses; however, these two uses can be conflicting. Clarify the purpose
and percentage of open space required for conservation purposes for
planned developments. Model ordinance language provided by the
US EPA suggests a minimum percent open space requirement of
between 35 - 50%, depending on base density. For more
information, see: http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/mol3.cfm
Priority
Med
Med
No      Limit site designs to
        areas of lesser
        slope and farther
        from watercourse
Yes
2010 LDO     Article XXIX
§577-264 Steep Slopes, Requires a Steep Slope Conservation Overlay (SSCO) to be identified in any area
where slopes exceed fifteen percent (15%) and be shown on site plans. In those areas, grading shall be
minimized, and no grading shall be undertaken within any area of the SSCO except where approved in
conjunction with a permitted use. In addition, within any lot, the maximum extent of areas classified as
precautionary slopes (15-25% slope) that may be permanently disturbed for the  installation of site
improvements shall be limited to forty percent (40%) of the precautionary slope areas, or twenty percent
(20%) of the lot area, whichever is the lesser. The total amount of impervious surface that may be installed
within areas of precautionary slope shall not exceed forty percent (40%) of the total impervious area
permitted.
None
Riparian Buffers
Yes     Presence of a
        stream buffer or
        floodplain
        ordinance
Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX  These elements are included, although there is some confusion on the reader's part. The previous Article
                                    XXVII, Stream and river corridor protection and management overlay zone, has been stricken from the 2010
                                    Land Development Ordinance, but some parts of the 2010 LDO still refer to a "stream and river corridor
                                    protection management overlay zone" (pp. 619-620). It appears that this has been replaced with a 'special
                                    water resource protection area' (see Section 3, Stormwater Management Requirements for Major
                                    Development, of the stormwater control ordinance under §577-229, includes a 300 ft. buffer on either side
                                    of "all waters designated Category One at N.J.A.C. 7:9B and  perennial or intermittent streams that drain
                                    into or upstream of the Category One waters... within the associated HUC14 drainage." The buffer can be
                                    reduced to 150ft. per side if there is an existing encroachment (e.g., parking lot, agricultural area,
                                    maintained lawn).
                                                                                                                            Revise the stormwater control ordinance included as part of the
                                                                                                                            2010 LDO to ensure nomenclature throughout (and on checklists) is
                                                                                                                            consistent.
                                                                                                                                                                  High
Yes     Consistency of
        stream/riparian
        requirements with
        state regulatory
        requirements
Yes        2010 LDO     Article       See www.nj.gov/dep/wqmp/docs/riparian_model_ordinance.pdf, for State's model ordinance (dated July
                        XXIX;        .2008). Appears consistent. Section 3, Stormwater Management Requirements for Major Development, of
                        N.J.A.C.      the Stormwater Control Ordinance, requires a 300 ft. buffer on either side of "all waters designated
                        7:8, 7:13,    Category One at N.J.A.C. 7:9Band perennial or intermittent streams that drain into or upstream of the
                        and 7:15     Category One waters as shown on the USGS Quadrangle Maps or in the County Soil Surveys, within the
                                    associated HUC14 drainage." This buffer can be reduced to a minimum of 150 ft. on a side if an existing
                                    encroachment (such as a parking lot, agricultural area, or maintained lawn area, already exists).
                                                                                                                            Review the state model ordinance for consistency.
                                                                                                                                                                  Low
Yes     Buffer areas
        protected by
        conservation
        easement or other
        permanent
        restrictions
Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX  See §577-256, Public Uses and Service Areas; Utility Placement, requires the placement of a stream corridor
                                    conservation easement. "B. Drainage and conservation easement. 1. Where a subdivision is traversed by a
                                    watercourse, drainage way, channel or stream as shown on the United States Geological Survey (USGS)
                                    Quadrangle Maps or includes an open water body, a stream corridor conservation easement shall be
                                    provided on each side of the stream or around the open water body, where there is no defined stream
                                    bank, from the water's edge. Such easements shall be deeded to the City prior to final subdivision approval
                                    and shall carry the following limitations..." §577-249 Natural Features, states: "natural features and critical
                                    areas, such as treed areas, scenic views; natural terrain including steep slopes, open waters and stream
                                    corridors; wetlands and associated buffers; natural drainage lines; open space of high ecological value; and
                                    other community assets shall be preserved to the maximum extent possible in designing any development
                                    containing such features..." and restricts the removal of topsoil from areas intended for lawn or open  space.
                                                                                                                            None
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  NJ
Eflist
Key Question
Findings
  Code/       Section
Ordinance1   Reference
Comments
Recommendation
Priority
Yes     Ordinance
        identifies or limits
        when stormwater
        outfall structures
        can cross the buffer
                 Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   §577-229 Stormwater Collection and Management, p. 386. b. All stormwater shall be discharged outside of
                                                      and flow through the special water resource protection area and shall comply with the Standard For Off-
                                                      Site Stability in the Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey, established under...
                                                      N.J.S.A. 4:24-39 et seq. c. If stormwater discharged outside of and flowing through the special water
                                                      resource protection area cannot comply with the Standard For Off-Site Stability in the Standards for Soil
                                                      Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey... then the stabilization measures in accordance with the
                                                      requirements of the above standards may be placed, provided  that: (1) Stabilization  measures shall not be
                                                      placed within 150 feet of the Category One waterway; (2) Stormwater associated with discharges allowed
                                                      by this section shall achieve a 95% TSS post construction removal rate; (3) Temperature shall be addressed
                                                      to ensure no impact on receiving waterway; (4) The encroachment shall only be allowed where the
                                                      applicant demonstrates that the functional value and overall condition of the special water resource
                                                      protection  area will be maintained to the maximum extent practicable; (5) A conceptual project design
                                                      meeting shall be held with the appropriate Department staff and Soil Conservation District staff to identify
                                                      necessary stabilization measures; and (6) All encroachments proposed under this section shall be subject to
                                                      review and approval...
                                                                                                                                      None
Yes     Specify what
        maintenance
        /activities are
        allowed within the
        buffer
                 Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   See §577-229, p. 388: "(2) Encroachment within the designated special water resource protection area
                                                      under Subsection (1) above shall only be allowed where previous development or disturbance has occurred
                                                      (for example, active agricultural use, parking area or maintained lawn area). The encroachment shall only
                                                      be allowed where applicant demonstrates that the functional value and overall condition of the special
                                                      water resource protection area will be maintained to the maximum extent practicable. In no case shall the
                                                      remaining special water resource protection area be reduced to less than 150 feet as measured
                                                      perpendicular to the top of bank of the waterway or centerline of the waterway where the bank is
                                                      undefined. All encroachments proposed under this subparagraph shall be subject to review and approval by
                                                      the Department."
                                                                                                                                      None
No      Require/encourage
        a 50ft. min
        wetland buffer
                 Yes        2010 LDO     Article XXIX   Under §577-260 Wetlands, Stream Encroachment, Environmental Constraints and Considerations: • C. All
                                                      applications for development and uses of land in wetlands shall be subject to and permitted only in
                                                      compliance with the provisions of the New Jersey Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act (N.J.S.A. 13:9B-1 et
                                                      seq.) and the regulations adopted thereunder (N.J.A.C. 7:7A-1 et seq.). Any provisions in this article
                                                      referring to wetlands regulations shall be construed to mean the  provisions of the New Jersey Freshwater
                                                      Wetlands Protection Act and the regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
                                                      In reading the Act, it requires regulation of transition areas of 150 feet around exceptional resource value
                                                      wetlands and 50 feet around intermediate resource value wetlands.
                                                                                                                                      None
Tree Protection Ordinance
Yes     Existence of a tree
        protection
        ordinance
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX   See §577-247 Tree Preservation and Removal.
                                                                                                                            None
                                                                                                                       Low
Yes     Existence of a
        forest protection
        ordinance
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                         See §577-248. Sets limits on the % of existing tree canopy that can be removed, both in total and based on
                         DBH, replacement requirements, tree protection measures during construction, and the use of a
                         conservation easement to protect remaining stands
                                                       None
Yes     Requirements for
        protecting % of
        existing forest
                 Yes
          2010 LDO    Article XXIX
                         See §577-248. Sets limits on the % of existing tree canopy that can be removed, both in total and based on
                         DBH, replacement requirements, tree protection measures during construction, and the use of a
                         conservation easement to protect remaining stands
                                                       None
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