United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water Regulations
and Standards (WH-552)
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 440/1-89-019.5
May 1989
Office of Water
FINAL
Development
Document for
Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and
Standards for the
Nonferrous Metals
Manufacturing
Point Source
Category
Volume V
Primary Precious Metals and
Mercury
Secondary Precious Metals
Secondary Silver
Secondary Mercury
Printed on Recycle d Paper
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ORGANIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
This development document for the nonferrous metals manufacturing
category consists of a general development document which
considers the general and overall aspects of the regulation and
31 subcategory specific supplements. These parts are organized
into 10 volumes as listed below.
The information in the general document and in the supplements is
organized by sections with the same type of information reported
in the same section of each part. Hence to find information on
any specific aspect of the category one would need only look in
the same section of the general document and the specific
supplements of interest.
The ten volumes contain contain the following subjects:
Volume I General Development Document
Volume II Bauxite Refining
Primary Aluminum Smelting
Secondary Aluminum Smelting
Primary Copper Smelting
Primary Electrolytic Copper Refining
Secondary Copper Refining
Metallurgical Acid Plants
Primary Zinc
Primary Lead
Secondary Lead
Primary Antimony
Primary Precious Metals and Mercury
Secondary Precious Metals
Secondary Silver
Secondary Mercury
Primary Tungsten
Secondary Tungsten and Cobalt
Primary Molybdenum and Rhenium
Secondary Molybdenum and Vanadium
Primary Beryllium
Primary Nickel and Cobalt
Secondary Nickel
Secondary Tin
Volume VIII Primary Columbium and Tantalum
Secondary Tantalum
Secondary Uranium
Volume IX Primary and Secondary Titanium
Primary Zirconium and Hafnium
Volume X Primary and Secondary Germanium and Gallium
Primary Rare Earth Metals
Secondary Indium
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
Volume VI
Volume VII
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DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT
for
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
for the
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
VOLUME V
Primary Precious Metals and Mercury
Secondary Precious Metals
Secondary Silver
Secondary Mercury
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Rebecca Hanmer, Acting
Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
&&J
*i «IOt*-°
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
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Page Intentionally Blank
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Supplement , Page
Primary Precious Metals and Mercury 2135
Secondary Precious Metals 2289
Secondary Silver 2653
Secondary Mercury 2857
For detailed contents see detailed contents list in
individual supplement.
111
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Page Intentionally Blank
IV
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NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
for the
Primary Precious Metals and Mercury Subcategory
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Rebecca Hanmer
Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
2135
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Page Intentionally Blank
2136
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
•**
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Section ' Page
I SUMMARY * 2145
II CONCLUSIONS 2147
III SUBCATEGORY PROFILE 2165
Description of Primary Precious Metals
Production 2165
Raw Materials 2165
Smelting 2165
Silver Precipitation 2166
Gold-Silver Separation 2166
Further Purification 2166
Process Wastewater Sources 2167
Description of Primary Mercury Production 2167
Raw Materials 2167
Roasting 2167
Process Wastewater Sources 2168
Other Wastewater Sources 2168
Age, Production, and Process Profile 2168
IV SUBCATEGORIZATION 2177
Factors Considered in Subdividing the Primary 2177
Primary Precious Metals and Mercury Subcategory
Other Factors 2178
Production Normalizing Parameters 2178
V WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 2181
Wastewater Flow Rates 2182
Data Collection Portfolios 2183
Field Sampling Data 2184
Wastewater Characteristics and Flows 2185
by Subdivision
Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control 2185
Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution 2186
Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution 2186
Control
Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution 2187
Control
Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control 2187
Calcine Quench Water 2187
Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water 2187
Condenser Slowdown . 2188
Mercury Cleaning Bath Water 2188
2137
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS 2211
Conventional and Nonconventional 2211
Pollutant Parameters Selected
Toxic Pollutants 2212
Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 2212
Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their 2212
Analytical Quantification Concentration
Toxic Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 2213
Concentrations Achievable by Treatment
Toxic Pollutants Detected in a Small Number of 2213
Sources
Toxic Pollutants Selected for Further 2214
Consideration in Establishing Limitations
and Standards
VII
VIII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Current Control and Treatment Practices
Control and Treatment Options
Option A
Option B
Option C
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
Treatment Options for Existing Sources
Option A
Option B
Option C
Cost Methodology
Nonwater Quality Aspects
Energy Requirements
Solid Waste
Air Pollution
2225
2225
2225
2226
2226
2226
2229
2229
2229
2229
2229
2229
2230
2230
2230
2231
2138
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
IX BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE 2233
Technical Approach to BPT 2233
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2235
BPT Option Selection 2235
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2236
Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control 2236
Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution 2237
Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control 2237
Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution 2237
Control
Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control 2237
Calcine Quench Water 2237
Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water 2237
Condenser Slowdown 2237
Mercury Cleaning Bath Water 2237
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2237
Effluent Limitations 2238
X BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
ACHIEVABLE 2247
Technical Approach to BAT 2247
Option A 2248
Option B 2248
Recycle of Water Used in Wet Air
Pollution Control 2249
Option C 2249
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2250
Pollutant Removal Estimates 2250
Compliance Costs 2251
BAT Option Selection - Proposal 2251
BAT Option Selection - Promulgation 2251
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2252
Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control 2252
Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control 2253
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2253
Effluent Limitations 2254
2139
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCORY SOBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
XI NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2267
Technical Approach to NSPS 2267
NSPS Option Selection - Proposal 2268
NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation 2268
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2268
New Source Performance Standards 2269
XII Pretreatment Standards 2277
Technical Approach to Pretreatment 2277
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources 2278
PSNS Option Selection - Proposal 2279
PSNS Option Selection - Promulgation 2279
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2279
Pretreatment Standards 2279
XIII BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 2287
2140
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Paqe
III-l INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OF 2169
PLANTS IN THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND
MERCURY SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
III-2 PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2170
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
III-3 PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2172
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
III-4 PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2172
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
III-5 SUMMARY OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS- AND MERCURY 2173
SUBCATEGORY PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED WASTE
STREAMS
V-l WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR SMELTER WET 2189
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
V-2 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR SILVER 2189
CHLORIDE REDUCTION SPENT SOLUTION
V-3 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RAGES FOR ELECTROLYTIC 2190
CELLS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
V-4 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR ELECTROLYTIC 2190
PREPARATION WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
V-5 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR CALCINER 2191
WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
V-6 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR CALCINE 2191
QUENCH WATER
V-7 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RAGES FOR CALCINER 2192
STACK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
V-8 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR CONDENSER 2192
SLOWDOWN
2141
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Paqe
V-9 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR 2192
MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER
¥-10 PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY 2193
SAMPLING DATA CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
V-ll PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY 2199
SAMPLING DATA CALCINER QUENCH WATER RAW
WASTEWATER
V-12 PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY 2202
SAMPLING DATA CALCINER STACK GAS CONTACT COOLING
WATER RAW WASTEWATER
V-13 PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY 2205
SAMPLING DATA MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER RAW
WASTSWATER
V-14 2208
VI-1 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS 2217
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
VI-2 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED 2221
VII-1 SUMMARY OF WASTE STREAMS AND TREATMENT PRACTICES 2227
IN PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY PLANTS
VIII-1 COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2130
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY DIRECT
DISCHARGERS
IX-1 BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY 2140
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
IX-2 BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR TH1 PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2141
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
X-l CURRENT RECYCLE PRACTICES WITHIN THE PRIMARY 2255
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
2142
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Page
X-2 POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR DIRECT 2256
DISCHARGERS IN THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND
MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
X-3 COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2257
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY DIRECT
DISCHARGERS
X-4 BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY 2258
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
X-5 BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2259
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
XI-1 NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY 2270
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
XI-2 NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY 2271
SUBCATEGORY
XII-1 PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY 2280
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATBGORY
XII-2 PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND 2281
MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
2143
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Title
Paqe
III-l PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS PRODUCTION PROCESSES 2174
III-2 PRIMARY MERCURY PRODUCTION PROCESS 217S
III-3 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2176
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY PLANTS
V-l SAMPLE LOCATIONS AT PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS 2209
METALS AND MERCURY PLANT A
IX-1 BPT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS 2246
METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
X-l BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION A 2264
X-2 BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION B 2265
X-3 BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION C 2266
2144
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCORY SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
SECTION I
SUMMARY '
This document provides the technical basis for promulgating
effluent limitations based on best practicable technology (BPT)
and best available technology (BAT) for existing direct
dischargers, pretreatment standards for new indirect dischargers
(PSNS), and standards of performance for new source direct
dischargers (NSPS) for plants in the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory.
The primary precious metals and mercury subcategory is comprised
of eight plants. Of the eight plants, one discharges directly to
rivers, lakes, or streamsi none- discharge to publicly owned
treatment works (POTW)j and seven achieve zero discharge of
process wastewater.
EPA first studied the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory to determine whether differences in raw materials,
final products, manufacturing processes, equipment, age and size
of plants, and water usage, required the development of separate
effluent limitations and standards for different segments of the
subcategory. This involved a detailed analysis of wastewater
discharge and treated effluent characteristics, including the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the constituents
of wastewaters, including priority pollutants. As a result, nine
subdivisions have been identified for this subcategory that
warrant separate effluent limitations. These include:
1. Smelter wet air pollution control,
2. Silver chloride reduction spent solution,
3. Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control,
4. Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control,
5. Calciner wet air pollution control,
6. Calciner quench water,
7. Calciner stack gas contact cooling water,
8. Condenser blowdown, and
9, Mercury cleaning bath water
Several distinct control and treatment technologies (both in-
plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to the primary precious metals
and mercury subcategory were identified. The Agency analyzed
both historical and newly generated data on the performance of
these technologies, including their nonwater quality
environmental impacts and air quality, solid waste generation,
and energy requirements. EPA also studied various flow reduction
techniques reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp) and
plant visits.
Engineering costs were prepared for each of the control and
2145
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
treatment options considered for the subcategory. These costs
were then used by the Agency to estimate the impact of
implementing the various options on the subcategory. For each
control and treatment option that the Agency found to be most
effective and technically feasible in controlling the discharge
of pollutants, the number of potential closures, number of
employees affected, and impact on price were estimated. These
results are reported in a separate document entitled "The
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations and Standards
for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
has identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology in the nonferrous metals manufacturing industry.
Metals removal based on chemical precipitation and sedimentation
and ion exchange technology is the basis for the BPT limitations.
Oil skimming was selected as the technology basis for oil and
grease limitations. To meet the BPT effluent limitations based
on this technology, the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory is expected to incur a capital cost of $42,200 and an
annual cost of $26,800.
For BAT, the Agency has built upon the BPT technology basis by
adding in-process control technologies which include recycle of
process water from air pollution control waste streams.
Filtration is added as an effluent polishing step to the end-of-
pipe treatment scheme. To meet the BAT effluent limitations
based on this technology, the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost of $43,025 and
an annual cost of $27,300.
NSPS are equivalent to BAT. In selecting NSPS, EPA recognizes
that new plants have the opportunity to implement the best and
most efficient manufacturing processes and treatment technology.
As such, the technology basis of BAT has been determined as the
best demonstrated technology.
1PA is not, promulgating PSES for the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory because there are no indirect dischargers.
For PSNS, the Agency selected end-of-pipe treatment and in-
process flow reduction control techniques equivalent to NSPS.
The best conventional technology (BCT) replaces BAT for the
control of conventional pollutants. BCT is not being promulgated
because the methodology for BCT has not yet been finalized.
The mass limitations and standards for BPT, BAT, NSPS, and PSNS
are presented in Section II.
2146
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS
EPA has divided the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory into nine subdivisions or building blocks for the
purpose of effluent limitations and standards. These subdivisions
are:
(a) Smelter wet air pollution control,
(b) Silver chloride reduction spent solution,
(c) Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control,
(d) Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution
control ,
(e) Calciner wet air pollution control,
(f) Calcine quench water,
(g) Calciner stack gas contact cooling water,
(h) Condenser blowdown, and
(i) Mercury cleaning bath water.
BPT is promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology (lime and settle) and ion exchange as a polishing
step technology along with preliminary treatment consisting of
oil skimming for selected waste streams. The following BPT
effluent limitations are promulgated:
(a) Smelter Wet Air gollution Control BPT
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted
Lead 0.546 0.260
Mercury 0.325 0.130
Silver 0.533 0.221
Zinc 1.898 0.793
Gold 0.130
Oil and grease 26.000 15.600
Total suspended 53.300 25.350
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2147
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver reduced in solution
Lead 0.168 0.080
Mercury 0.100 0.040
Silver 0.164 0.068
* Zinc 0.584 0.244
Gold 0.040
Oil and grease 8.000 4.800
Total suspended 16.400 7.800
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold refined electrolytically
Lead 83.160 39.600
Mercury 49.500 19.800
Silver 81.180 33.660
Zinc 289.100 120.800
Gold 19.800
Oil and grease * 3,960.000 2,376.000
Total suspended 8,118.000 3,861.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2148
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced
Lead 0.021 0.010
Mercury 0.013 0.005
Silver 0.021 0.009
Zinc 0.073 0.031
Gold 0.005
Oil and grease 1.000 0.600
Total suspended 2.050 0.975
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(e) Calciner Wet Ai_r Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead 78.200 37.240
Mercury 46.550 18.620
Silver 76.370 31.650
Zinc 271.900 113.600
Gold 18.600
Oil and grease 3,724.000 2.234.000
Total suspended 7,634.000 3,631.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2149
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PRIMARY, PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(f) Calcine Quench Water BPT
Pollutant or Maximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead 7.392 3.520
Mercury 4.400 1.760
Silver 7.216 2.992
Zinc 25.700 10.740
Gold 1.760
Oil and grease 352.000 211.200
Total suspended 721.600 343.200
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(g) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
Oil and grease
Total suspended
solids
PH
of mercury
1.743
1.038
1.702
6.059
0.415
83.000
170.200
Within the
condensed
0.830
0.415
0.706
2.532
—
49.800
80.930
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2150
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(h) Condenser Slowdown BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
Oil and grease
Total suspended
solids
PH
of mercury
5.796
3.350
5.658
20.150
1.380
276.000
565.800
Within the
condensed
2.760
1.380
2.346
8.418
—
165.600
269.100
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg {Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead 0.588 0.280
Mercury 0.350 0.140
Silver 0.574. 0.238
Zinc 2.044 0.854
Gold 0.140
Oil and grease 28.000 16.800
Total suspended 57.400 27.300
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2151
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
BAT is promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime,. settle, and filter) and ion
exchange end-of-pipe polishing treatment technology and in-
process flow reduction methods, along with preliminary treatment
consisting of oil skimming for selected waste streams. The
following BAT effluent limitations are promulgated;
(a) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
0.364
0.195
0.377
1.326
0.130
0.169
0.078
0.156
0.546
*"* """
(b) Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver reduced in solution
Lead 0.112 0.052
Mercury 0.060 0.024
Silver 0.116 0.048
Zinc 0.408 0,168
Gold 0.040
2152
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold refined electrolytically
Lead 5.544 2.574
Mercury 2.970 1.188
Silver 5.742 2.376
Zinc 20.200 8.316
Gold 1.980 — '
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced
Lead 0.014 0.0065
Mercury 0.0075 0.0030
Silver 0.015 0.0060
Zinc 0.051 0.021
Gold 0.005
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/raillion Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead 6.160 2.860
Mercury 3.300 1.320
Silver 6.380 2.640
Zinc 22.440 9.240
Gold 2.200
2153
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(f) Calcine Quench Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
of mercury condensed
4.928
2.640
5.104
17.950
1.760
2.288
1.056
2.112
7.392
(g) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
of mercury condensed
1.162
0.623
1.204
4.233
0.415
0.540
0.249
0.498
1.743
""
(h) Condenser Slowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg ( Ib/mi llion Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
of mercury condensed
3.864
2.070
4.002
14.080
1.380
1.794
0.828
1.656
5.796
—
2154
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
0.392
0.210
0.406
1.428
0.140
0.182
0.084
Q.,168
0.588
— ™
NSPS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by
the application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and multimedia filtration (lime, settle, and filter) and
ion exchange as a polishing step technology, and in-
process flow reduction control methods, along with
preliminary treatment consisting of oil skimming for
selected waste streams. The following effluent standards
are promulgated for new sources:
(a) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted
Lead 0.364 0.169
Mercury 0.195 0.078
Silver 0.377 0.156
Zinc 1.326 0.546
Gold 0.130
Oil and grease 13.000 13.000
Total suspended 19.500 15.600
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2155
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver reduced in solution
Lead 0.112 0.052
Mercury 0.060 0.024
Silver 0.116 0.048
Zinc 0.408 0.168
Gold 0.000
Oil and grease 4.000 4.000
Total suspended 6.000 4.800
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold refined electrolytically
Lead 5.544 2.574
Mercury 2.970 1.188
Silver 5.742 ' 2.376
Zinc 20.200 8.316
Gold 1.980
Oil and grease 198.000 198.000
Total suspended 297.000 237.600
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2156
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced
Lead 0.014 0.0065
Mercury 0.0075 0.0030
Silver 0.015 0.0060
Zinc 0.051 0.021
Gold 0.005
Oil and grease 0.500 0,500
Total suspended 0.750 0.600
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million lbs> of mercury condensed
Lead 6.160 2.860
Mercury 3.300 1.320
Silver 6.380 2.640
Zinc 22.440 9.240
Gold 2.200
Oil and grease 220.000 220.000
Total suspended 330.000 264.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2157
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(f) Calciner Quench Water NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
Oil and grease
Total suspended
solids
pH
4.928
2.640
5.104
17.950
1.760
176.000
264.000
2.288
1.056
2.112
7.392
176.000
211.200
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(9) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
Oil and grease
Total suspended
solids
pH
1.162
0.623
1.204
4.233
0.415
41.500
62.250
0.540
0.249
0.498
1.743
41.500
49.800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2158
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORX SECT - II
(h) Condenser Slowdown NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
Oil and grease
Total suspended
solids
pH
of mercury
3.864
2.070
4.002
14.080
1.380
138.000
207.000
Within the
condensed
1.794
0.828
1.656
5.796
' —
138.000
165.600
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
Oil and grease
Total suspended
solids
pH
0.392
0.210
0.406
1.428
0.140
14.000
21.000
0.182
0.084
0.168
0.588
14.000
16.800
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
EPA is not promulgating PSES for the primary precious metals
and mercury subcategory because there are no indirect
dischargers.
2159
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
PSNS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by
the application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and multimedia filtration (lime, settle, and filter) and
ion exchange as a polishing step technology, and in-process
flow reduction control methods, along with preliminary
treatment consisting of oil skimming for selected waste
streams. The following pretreatment standards are
promulgated for new sources:
(a) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
0.364
0.195
0.377
1.326
0.130
0.169
0.078
0.156
0.546
«•*• *—.»
Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver reduced in solution
Lead 0,112 0.052
Mercury 0.060 0.024
Silver 0.116 0.048
Zinc 0.408 0.168
Gold 0.040
2160
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORX SECT - II
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold refined eleetrolytieally
Lead 5.544 2,574
Mercury 2.970 1.188
Silver 5.742 2.376
Zinc 2O.200 8.316
Gold 1.98.0
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for•
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
0.014
0.0075
0.015
0.051
0.005
0.0065
0.0030
0.0060
0.021
""""""
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead 6.160 2.860
Mercury 3.300 1.320
Silver 6.380 2.640
Zinc 22.440 9.240
Gold 2.200
2161
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATSGORY SECT - II
Calciner Quench Water PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
4.928
2,640
5.104
17.950
1.760
2.288
1.056
2.112
7.392
™~* *™™
(9) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water PSNS
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
1.162
0.623
1.204
4.233
0.415
0.540
0.249
0.498
1.743
•UK mm
(h) Condenser Slowdown
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Lead 3.864 1.794
Mercury 2.070 0.828
Silver 4.002 1.656
Zinc 14.080 5.796
Gold 1.380
2162
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water PSNS .
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Gold
of mercury condensed
0.392
0.210
0.406
1.428
0.140
0
0
0
0
.182
.084
.168
.588
"*• •*
EPA is not promulgating BCT for the primary precious metals
and mercury subcategory at this time.
2163
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2164
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
SECTION III
SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This section of the primary precious metals and mercury
supplement describes the raw materials and processes used in
producing primary precious metals and mercury and presents a
profile of the primary precious metals and mercury plants
identified in this study. For a discussion of the purpose,
authority, and methodology for this study, and a general
description of the nonferrous metals manufacturing category,
refer to Section III of Vol. I.
DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS PRODUCTION
The production of primary precious metals can be divided into
three distinct stages - smelting to produce Dore metal, or
precipitation of silver from silver ore, separation of gold and
silver, and gold and silver purification. The processes used in
each stage vary with the type and purity of raw material used.
The primary precious metals production process is presented
schematically in Figure III-l (page 2174) and described below.
RAW MATERIALS
Primary precious metals are produced from gold and silver bearing
concentrates produced from precious metal ores and as by-products
from the beneficiation of base metal ores, A small amount is
also produced from placer mining operations. Precious metal ores
are mined at various locations in the western United States.
Mining and beneficiation processes for precious metal-bearing
ores, including cyanidation, amalgamation, flotation, and
gravity concentration are outside of the scope of this
subcategory. Both the mining and beneficiation operations are
regulated as part of the Ore Mining and Dressing Point Source
Category.
Primary precious metals produced as a by-product of primary
copper electrolytic refining operations are regulated as,part of
the primary copper electrolytic refining subcategory. Primary
precious metals produced as a by-product of other primary copper
operations, such as solvent extraction, are regulated under these
limitations.
SMELTING
The gold and silver manufacturing process begins when the
precious metals bearing concentrate is sent through a Dore
furnace (smelter). In the Dore furnace, the gold, silver,,and
other precious metals are smelted in the presence of a fluxing
agent (commonly soda ash, borax, or silica). This smelting
operation produces a slag containing impurities such as copper
2165
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
and zincr and a gold base alloy known as Dore, which may also
contain silver. The Dore gold may be cast and sold as a product
or be further refined.
SILVER PRECIPITATION
The silver manufacturing process may begin when silver is
precipitated from a silver-copper ore which has been dissolved
into solution. Silver is precipitated using sodium chloride.
The silver chloride precipitate is then slurried in dilute acidr
and reduced to silver metal in a cementation step. The silver
produced may be sold as a product.
GOLD-SILVER SEPARATION
The separation of gold and silver from Dore bars is accomplished
through electrolytic refining of the Dore bars or by the Miller
process. In the electrolytic method, the Dore metal is cast into
anodes and placed into a solution of silver nitrate (AgN3)
electrolyte. When a. current is. applied, fine silver is deposited
upon the cathode. This silver is removed, washed, and cast into
bars of fine silver for sale. Gold remains as slimes in the
canvas anode bags. Gold slimes are washed with acid and rinsed
with water before being cast into product ingots. This gold is
about 99 percent pure. Silver is recovered in a cementation step
from the silver crystals wash water and from the gold slimes acid
wash and rinse water. In the cementation process, copper is
added to the solution and replaces the silver, causing the silver
to precipitate out of solution. The recovered silver is returned
to the anode casting stage.
Gold and silver can also be separated from the Dore metal while
it is still molten. This purification step is known as the
Miller process and consists of bubbling chlorine gas through the
molten Dore metal in a parting furnace. This process converts
the silver into silver chloride salt and volatilizes base metal
impurities. The silver chloride salt rises to the surface and is
skimmed off for further processing. The gold produced by the
Miller process can be further purified by electrolytic refining
or immediately cast as a product. The silver chloride salt which
is skimmed off is remelted and cast into slabs. These slabs are
reduced to silver metal in an acid solution in a similar process
to that described above under silver precipitation. The
resulting silver metal is remelted in the presence of borax flux
and molten silver is then cast into product ingots.
FURTHER PURIFICATION
After separation, gold and silver can be further refined by
various means. One technique to further refine gold is
electrolysis. Impure gold is cast into anodes and purified
electrolytically by the Wholwill process in a chloride solution.
Gold, which is oxidized at the anode, passes into solution and is
deposited upon the cathode. The gold cathode is melted and cast
into bars with a purity greater than 99.9 percent. As described
2166
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
above, gold slimes can be further purifi<*d using an acid wash and
water rinse process.
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES
Although a variety of processes are involved in primary precious
metals production, the process wastewater sources can be
subdivided as follows:
1. Smelter wet air pollution control,
2. Silver chloride reduction spent solution,
3. Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control, and
4. Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control.
DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY MERCURY PRODUCTION
Primary mercury is produced from mercury ores and gold-bearing
ores by roasting or calcining. The primary mercury production
process is presented schematically in Figure 111-2 (page 2175)
and described below.
RAW MATERIALS •
The principal source of mercury is cinnabar ore (mercury
sulfide). Cinnabar ore is mined primarily in Nevada, California,
and Oregon. In addition, a small amount of mercury is'recovered
as a co-product from gold ore.
ROASTING
After mining and beneficiation, mercury is extracted from
mercury-bearing ores by roasting or calcining. in the roasting
process, the mercury is vaporized and then recovered in a
condenser, while the sulfur is oxidized to SO2. Some
water may condense with the mercury and is discharged as a waste
stream. The mercury recovered from the condenser may be washed
with water prior to being sold. The mining and beneficiation
stage of mercury production is not within the scope of this
subcategory.
Sulfur dioxide (S02) and other gaseous emissions from the
mercury roasting furnace are controlled with a multistage
scrubber. Sulfur dioxide emissions are controlled with a wet
scrubber. After S02 removal, the clean stack gases are cooled
with contact cooling water and discharged to the atmosphere.
Calciner SO2 scrubber liquor and stack gas contact cooling
water are discharged as waste streams.
2167
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES
Although a variety of processes are involved in primary mercury
production, the process wastewater sources can be subdivided as
follows:
1. Calciner wet air pollution control,
2. Calcine quench water,
3. Calciner stack gas contact cooling water,
4. Condenser blowdown, and
5. Mercury cleaning bath water.
OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES
There are other waste streams associated with the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory. These waste streams
may include casting contact cooling water, stormwater runoff, and
maintenance and cleanup water. These waste streams are not
considered as a part of this rulemaking. EPA believes that the
flows and pollutant loadings associated with these waste streams
are insignificant relative to the waste streams selected and are
best handled by the appropriate permit authority on a case-by-
case basis under authority of Section 402 of the Clean Water Act.
AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE
Figure III-3 (page 2176) shows the location of the eight primary
precious metals and mercury plants operating in the United
States. Four of the eight plants are located in Nevada, with one
of the remaining plants each being located in Idaho, Montana,
Colorado, and South Dakota.
Table III-l (page 2169) shows the relative age and discharge
status of the primary precious metals and mercury plants. Seven
of the eight plants in this subcategory have a zero discharge
status, and one plant is a direct discharge facility. The
average plant age is less than 12 years. Tables III-2 to III-4
(pages 2170-2172) provide a summary of the current production
ranges. It can be seen that production of gold is evenly spread
along the ranges with a mean production of 70,000 troy
ounces/year. The mean production of silver is 222,500 troy
ounces/year.
Table III-5 (page 2173) provides a summary of the number of
plants generating wastewater for the waste streams associated
with various processes and the number of plants with the process.
2168
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Table III-l
INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OF PLANTS IN THE
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
Initial Operating Year (Range)
(Plant Age in Years)
Type of
Plant
Direct
Indirect
Zero
1983-
1973
(0-11)
1
0
4
1972-
1968
(12-16)
0
0
1
1967-
1958
(17-26)
0
0
1
1957-
1918
(27-66)
0
0
0
Before
1918
(66%)
0
0
1
Total
1
0
7
TOTAL
2169
-------
Table 111-2
ttf
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS H
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY |
Hj
_ Gold Production Range for 1982 _ g
0-10,000 10,001-75,000 75,001-200,000 Total Number w
Type of Plant (troy oz./yr) (troy oz./yr) (troy oz./yr) of Plants H
, a
Direct 1001 M
2
Indirect 0 0 00 "
>
Zero 1 2 2 5 ' M
6 o
o
o
a
»
Kj
w
a
to
o
M
Q
O
W
w
n
i-i
H
-------
Table III-3
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Silver Production Range for 1 982
Type
of Plant
Direct
Indirect
Zero
0-10,000
(troy oz./yr)
0
0
1
10,001-50,000
(troy oz./yr)
0
0
3
50,001-500,000
(troy oz./yr)
1
0
0
>500,OQO
( troy oz. /yr)
— —
0
Total
Number
of
Plants
-
1
5
6
w
§
>
w
1
O
B
t?d
Q
O
OT
W
n
H3
H
H
H
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Table III-4
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Mercury production ranges are not presented here
because the information on which they are based has
been claimed confidential.
2172
-------
Table II1-5
SUMMARY OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
H
Number of
Number
of Plants
•sj
u>
Roasting
(P.M,
(Hg)
(Hg)
(Hg)
(Hg)
Process or Waste Stream
Smelter wet air pollution control
Calciner wet air pollution control
Calcine quench
Calciner stack gas cooling water
Condenser blowdown
Gold-Silver Separation
(P.M.) Electrolytic preparation wet air pollution
control
Further Purification
(P.M.) Silver chloride reduction spent solution
(P.M.) Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control
(Hg) Mercury cleaning bath water
Plants With
Process or
Waste Stream
8
5
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
Reporting
Generation
of Wastewater*
3
1
1
1
i
1
1
2
1
1
w
Q
H
O
3
W
IT"
C/3
>
21
O
s
a
o
a
^
c
w
0
1
o
KJ
*Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may
a particular process but not discharge it.
"generate"
a wastewater from
n
i
M
H
-------
LI»>iW
NJ
1
1
©
MjO ^ tealtar V*l All
Cannot vi)
t
cUllM Dor« Httal
I 1 ""
rlu> (SoJa Bla|,
Ash, tola*. Conlalna Z«.
Silica. 1*. Cu
tic.)
Htll a***1 ^ U«w a* Hlc^i fur Itr
Caal C*14 Piwtfvct
' M>O . .
1 J «i«xr.flir J2
«— i | 1 | » 1 1 C«at -*- llt.rr 5°
1 i 1 A> Cryalalii tf . "j frf»«Wl M
*"4** C**1 *" tliclf»l»llc ».C.IKo4«| **?> *j° »S
C°" L » **** »| "•'•' 1 »| C- I » f0'!,1""
Id Atvafhxa ' "••'> | •'•»« | | . . (-nt| ^
N,0 — «J Sclukk.r j » (t)\ ^
] 1 H
1 I O
""j * Cl.cttelrta I
' ' . S
w
1-3
VlUla HCI •""« CO
a.,up JK. ^
ta*j' ••'»•' ^J'^' fc »^|"«~ > | ^ ^ £>i ^.i.. r»rn, O
11 *"ul"" (M^H)"^"' p^
UtCI &I— |(]) M
1 ^
toll.n railing — 1 Q
»»•*»—] g
Dota 50
JAu PVodiKl |_(^
Caal aa Lovar fucllr ^/)
UJ
-* HjO -»J SclukUc [ >» (-3
(lactiolrilc C.lkod. ^ ttoll and ^
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
H2o-
Beneficiation
Product
To Atmosphere
Stack
Gas
Cooling
Calciner Wet Air
Pollution Control
(Multistage)
Stack
Gas
Condenser
Liquid Hg Product
Hg Vapor
Calcining or
Roasting Furnace
T
Cleaning
Bach
I
Condenser
Slowdown
Calcined Ore
Waste Product
Clean Mercury
.Product
Figure III-2
PRIMARY MERCURY PRODUCTION PROCESS
2175
-------
CTl
D - Direct Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
I - Indirect Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
Z - Zero Wastewater Discharge Plants
w
o
H
O
c
en
w
en
I
»
n
c
en
w
1-3
w
Q
O
8
en
w
o
Figure III-3
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY PLANTS
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
SECTION IV
SUBCATEGORIZATION
This section summarizes the factors considered during the
designation of the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory and its related subdivisions. Production normalizing
parameters for each subdivision are also discussed.
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND
MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
The factors listed for general subcategorization were each
evaluated when considering subdivision of the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory. In the discussion that follows,
the factors will be described as they pertain to this particular
subcategory.
The rationale for .considering segmentation of the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory is based primarily on
differences in the production processes and raw materials used.
Within this subcategory, a number of different operations are
performed, which may or may not have a water use or discharge,
and which may require the establishment of separate effluent
limitations. While primary precious metals and mercury is
considered a single subcategory, a more thorough examination of
the production processes has illustrated the need for limitations
and standards based on a specific set of waste streams.
Limitations will be based on specific flow allowances for the
following subdivisions or building blocks.
1. Smelter wet air pollution control,
2. Silver chloride reduction spent solution,
3. Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control,
4. Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control,
5. Calciner wet air pollution control,
6. Calcine quench water,
7. Calciner stack gas contact cooling water,
8. Condenser blowdown, and
9. Mercury cleaning bath.water.
These building blocks follow directly from differences within the
three distinct production stages of primary precious metals and
mercury.
The smelting of precious metals bearing concentrates to produce
Dore metals gives rise to the first subdivision; smelter wet air
pollution control wastewater. If any remelt furnaces are used in
the process, the resulting off-gases are usually combined with
smelter off-gases for air pollution control. Thus, the smelter
wet air pollution control subdivision represents the wet air
pollution control wastewater for both smelters and remelt
2177
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
furnaces. The next two subdivisions result from either the
Miller process for purifying high silver content Dore metal or
the recovery of silver from Ag-Cu ore by silver precipitation.
The electrolytic cells scrubber wastewater from gold refining is
a principal waste stream, and spent solution from silver
reduction is another significant waste stream.
The electrolytic refining of silver from Dore metal gives rise to
the next subdivision. The fourth subdivision is created by the
wet scrubber used to control air emissions from the electrolyte
preparation stage.
The last five subdivisions result from the production of primary
mercury. The treatment of calciner off-gases by wet scrubbing
gives rise to the first of these subdivisions. Waste streams may
also result from the quenching of calciner wastes to reduce their
temperature prior to disposal and the cooling of calciner off-
gases before discharge from the stack. During condensation of
the vaporized mercury, the condensation of a water fraction can
occur and this condenser blowdown is a possible waste stream.
After condensation the liquid mercury may be further purified by
use of cleaning baths. This cleaning operation is also a
potential source of wastewater.
OTHER FACTORS
The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to be
inappropriate as a bases for further segmentation. Air pollution
control methods, treatment costs, and total energy requirements
are functions of the selected subcategorization factors—metal
product, raw materials, and production processes. Therefore,
they are not independent factors and do not affect the
subcategorization which has been developed. As discussed in
Section IV of the General Development Document, certain other
factors, such as plant age, plant size, and the number of
employees, were also evaluated and determined to be inappropriate
for use as bases for subdivision of nonferrous metals plants.
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS
As discussed previously, the effluent limitations and standards
developed in this document establish mass limitations for the
discharge of specific pollutant parameters. To allow these
regulations to be applied to plants with various production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit of production. This factor is known as the production
normalizing parameter (PNP).
2178
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SOBCATEGORY
SECT - IV
In general, for each production process which has a wastewater
associated with it, the actual mass of precious metal or mercury
product produced will be used as the PNP. Thus, the PNPs for the
nine subdivisions are as follows:
1.
Building Block
Smelter wet air pollution
control
2. Silver chloride reduction
spent solution
3. Electrolytic cells wet air
pollution control
4. Electrolyte preparation
wet air pollution control
5. Calciner wet air pollution
control
6. Calcine quench water
7. Calciner stack gas contact
cooling water
8. Condenser blowdown
9. Mercury cleaning bath water
PNP
troy ounce of gold and silver
smelted
troy ounce of silver reduced
in solution
troy ounce of gold refined
electrolytically
troy ounce of silver in
electrolyte produced
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
Other PNPs were considered. The use of production capacity
instead of actual production was eliminated from consideration
because the wastewater generated and the mass of the pollutant
produced is more a function of true production than of installed
capacity. The use of some common intermediate (i.e., gold and
silver cathodes or silver chloride) as a basis for PNPs for all
processes was rejected since not all plants follow the same
production path to get to the specific end-product.
Additionally, some plants divert part of their intermediate
products and sell them instead of processing all input raw
materials to one final product. If an "end-product" were chosen
as the PNP, plants that had these upstream diversions would be
allowed to discharge more per mass of product than their
competitors who did not.
2179
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT -•IV
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2180
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
This section describes the characteristics of the wastewaters
associated with the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory. Water use and discharge rates are explained and
then summarized in tables at the end of this section. Data used
to characterize the wastewaters are presented. Finally, the
specific source, water use and discharge flows, and wastewater
characteristics for each separate wastewater source are
discussed*
Two principal data sources were used in the development of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory: data
collection portfolios (dcp) and field sampling results. Data
collection portfolios contain information regarding wastewater
flows and production levels.
In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from primary
precious metals and mercury plants, a field sampling program was
conducted. A complete list of the pollutants considered and a
summary of the techniques used in sampling and laboratory
analyses are included in Section V of Vol. I. Samples were
analyzed for 124 of the 126 priority pollutants and other
pollutants deemed appropriate. Because the analytical standard
for TCDD was judged to be too hazardous to be made generally
available, samples were never analyzed for this pollutant.
Samples were also not analyzed for asbestos. There is no reason
to expect that TCDD or asbestos would be present in nonferrous
metals manufacturing wastewater. Two plants were selected for
sampling in the primary precious metals anc mercury subcategory.
In general, the samples were-analyzed for three classes of
pollutants: priority organic pollutants, priority metal
pollutants, and criteria pollutants (which includes both
conventional and nonconventional pollutants).
After proposal, EPA gathered additional wastewater sampling data
for two of the subdivisions in this subcategory. These data were
acquired through a self-sampling program and include data from
analyses for the priority metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver, thallium, and zinc. These
data also include analyses for the nonconventional pollutant
gold. These data show pollutant concentrations similar to those
indicated by the data which EPA had acquired for these
subdivisions prior to proposal. These data also support the
assumptions which EPA had made concerning the presence and
concentrations of pollutants in those subdivisions where we did
not have analytical data for specific pollutants. For this
reason, the selection of pollutant parameters for limitation in
this subcategory (Section VI) has not been revised based on these
new data.
2181
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
As described in Section IV of this supplement, the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory has been divided into
nine subdivisions or wastewater sources, so that the promulgated
regulation contains mass discharge limitations and standards for
nine unit processes discharging process wastewater. Differences
in the wastewater characteristics associated with these
subdivisions are to be expected. For this reason, wastewater
streams corresponding to each subdivision are addressed
separately in the discussions that follow. These wastewater
sources are:
1. Smelter wet air pollution control,
2. Silver chloride reduction spent solution,
3. Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control,
4. Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control,
5. Calciher wet air pollution control,
6. Calcine quench water,
7. Calciner stack gas contact cooling water,
8. Condenser blowdown, and
9. Mercury cleaning bath water.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two flow-to-
production ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow, were
calculated for each stream. The two ratios are differentiated by
the flow value used in calculation. Water use is defined as the
volume of water or other fluid required for a given process per
mass of product and is therefore based on the sum of recycle and
make-up flows to a given process. Wastewater flow discharged
after pretreatment or recycle (if these are present) is used in
calculating the production normalized flow—the volume of
wastewater discharged from a given process to further treatment,
disposal, or discharge per mass of product produced. Differences
between the water use and wastewater flows associated with a
given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and carry-over on
the product. The production values used in calculation
correspond to the production normalizing parameter, PNP, assigned
to each stream, as outlined in Section IV. As an example,
calcine quench water flow is related to the production of refined
mercury. As such, the discharge rate is expressed in liters of
quench water per metric ton of mercury produced (gallons of
quench water per ton of mercury).
The production normalized discharge flows were compiled and
statistically analyzed by stream type. These production
normalized water use and discharge flows are presented by
subdivision in Tables V-l through V-9 (pages 2189 - 2192) at the
end of this section. Where appropriate, an attempt was made to
identify factors that could account for variations in water use
and discharge rates. These variations are discussed later in
this section by subdivision. A similar analysis of factors
affecting the wastewater flows is presented in Sections X, XI,
and XII where representative BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment flows
are selected for use in calculating the effluent limitations.
2182
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
The water use and discharge rates shown do not include nonprocess
wastewater, such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water.
Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
primary precious metals and mercury production come from two
sources—data collection portfolios and analytical data from
field sampling trips.
DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS
In the data collection portfolios, the primary precious metals
and mercury plants that generate wastewater were asked to specify
the presence or absence of priority pollutants in their
wastewater. In most cases, the plants indicated that the
priority organic pollutants were believed to be absent. However,
two of the plants stated that they either knew or believed
priority metals to be present. The responses for asbestos,
cyanide, and the priority metals are summarized below:*
Pollutant Known Present Believed Present
Antimony 0 0
Arsenic 1 0
Asbestos 0 1
Beryllium 0 0
Cadmium 1 0
Chromium 1 0
Copper 1 0
Cyanide 1 0
Lead 1 0
Mercury 2 1
Nickel 1 0
Selenium 1 0
Silver 1 0
Thallium 0 0
Zinc 1 0
*Six plants which produce primary precious metals and mercury
have been omitted due to lack of data.
Although asbestos was reported as believed present by one plant,
the trip report from this facility stated it was the mineral
cummingtonite which was present and not asbestos. While the two
minerals have some similarities such as similar chemical
formulas, cummingtonite is not listed by EPA as a priority
pollutant.
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from primary precious metals and mercury plants,
wastewater samples were collected at two plants. The analytical
results from one of these two plants are not presented here
2183
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
because they are claimed to be confidential by the plant, A
diagram indicating the sampling sites and contributing production
processes at the non-confidential plant is shown in Figure V-l
(page 2208).
Raw wastewater data are summarized in Tables V-10 through V-13
(pages 2193 - 2205). Analytical results for the combined stream
of smelter scrubber water and Miller electrolysis cell scrubber
water as well as spent solution from silver reduction are
classified as confidential. Table V-10 presents data for each of
the three stages of the calciner scrubber system. Tables V-ll,
V-12, and V-13 present sampling data for calcine quench water,
calciner stack gas cooling water, and mercury cleaning bath
water, respectively. Note that the stream numbers listed in the
tables correspond to those given in the individual plant sampling
site diagram, Figure V-l. Where no data are listed for a
specific day of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream
were not collected.
Several points regarding these tables should be noted. The data
tables include some samples measured at concentrations considered
not quantifiable. The base-neutral extraetable, acid
extractable, and volatile organics generally are considered not
quantifiable at concentrations equal to or less than 0.010 mg/1.
Below this concentration, organic analytical results are not
quantitatively accurate; however, the analyses are useful to
indicate the presence of a particular pollutant. The pesticide
fraction is considered not quantifiable at concentrations equal
to or less than 0.005 mg/1.
The detection limits shown on the data tables for toxic metals
and conventional and nonconventional pollutants are not the same
in all cases as the published detection limits for these
pollutants by the same analytical methods. The detection limits
used were reported with the analytical data and hence are the
appropriate limits to apply to the data. Detection limit
variation can occur as a result of a number of laboratory-
specific, equipment-specific, and daily operator-specific
factors. These factors can include day-to-day differences in
machine calibration, variation in stock solutions, and variation
in operators.
The statistical analysis of data includes some samples measured
at concentrations considered not quantifiable. For data
considered as detected but below quantifiable concentrations, a
value of zero is used for averaging. Priority organic,
nonconventional, and conventional pollutant data reported with a
"less than" sign are considered as detected, but not further
quantifiable. A value of zero is also used for averaging. If a
pollutant is reported as not detected, it is assigned a value of
zero in calculating the average. Toxic metal values reported as
less than a certain value were considered as below
quantification, and consequently were assigned a value of zero in
the calculation of the average.
2184
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Finally, appropriate source water concentrations are presented
with the summaries of the sampling data. The method by which
each sample was collected is indicated by number, as follows:
1 One-time grab
2 Manual composite during intermittent process operation
3 8-hour manual composite
4 8-hour automatic composite
5 24-hour manual composite
6 24-hour automatic composite
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since primary precious metals and mercury production involves
nine principal sources of wastewater and each has potentially
different characteristics and flows, the wastewater
characteristics and discharge rates corresponding to each
subdivision will be described separately. A brief description of
why the associated production processes generate a wastewater and
explanations for variations of water use within each subdivision
will also be discussed.
Two subdivisions, gold slimes acid wash and water rinse, and
silver crystals wash water have been deleted following proposal.
These subdivisions have been deleted based on information
obtained as a result of a post-proposal request for data. The one
facility which was believed to discharge these streams reported
that this water is totally reused in other plant processes.
SMELTER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Six of the eight plants in this subcategory smelt or roast the
precious metal-bearing raw material. Only three of those
facilities, however, use a wet air pollution control device to
control air emissions from the furnace. Two of these devices are
scrubbers, while one (at plant 1003) is an electrostatic
precipitator (ESP). Two plants practice dry air pollution
control, and one plant does not practice any air pollution
control. The production normalized water use and discharge rates
are presented in Table V-l (page 2189) in liters per troy ounce
of gold and silver smelted.
Analytical data for the combined smelter wet air pollution
control and electrolytic cells wet air pollution control waste
streams are contained in the confidential record. The data show
that this wastewater contains treatable concentrations of toxic
metals, suspended solids, and oil and grease.
SILVER CHLORIDE REDUCTION .SPENT SOLUTION
Silver metal is produced from silver chloride by a dissolution
and cementation process. The silver chloride is dissolved in
water and recovered by cementation. The silver is replaced in
solution, causing the silver ions to be reduced and precipitated
from solution as silver metal. The resulting solution is a
2185
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
wastewater stream. The silver chloride used as a feed material
to this process may be a product of the Miller process or silver
chloride precipitated from a silver ore leaching solution. The
production normalized water use and discharge flows are presented
in Table V-2 (page 2189), in liters per troy ounce of silver
reduced in solution.
One plant supplied information in a telephone conversation with
EPA concerning a post-proposal plant self-sampling effort which
included revised process information. This information shows
that the plant recovers silver metal from silver ore using a
reduction of silver chloride process. This plant generates a
spent solution from this process which it discharges. No flow
information was reported for this stream, during the telephone
conversation. In the self-sampling effort, information supplied
by the facility corroborates the flow selected for BAT for this
stream (see Section X), although this was not quantified
precisely enough to be used to revise the BAT flow.
Following proposal, sampling data for spent silver chloride
reduction solution were acquired at the specific request of EPA
through a self-sampling effort. These self sampling data are
presented in Table ¥-14 (page 2208) and show treatable
concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper,
lead, nickel, silver, and zinc, thus corroborating the data used
at proposal.
ELECTROLYTIC CELLS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The use of wet scrubbers to control emissions from electrolytic
cells is practiced at only one plant in this subcategory.
Production normalized water use and discharge rates are presented
in Table V-3 (page 2190). Sampling data for the combined smelter
wet air pollution control and electrolytic cell wet air pollution
control waste stream are contained in the confidential record.
The data show this waste stream to contain treatable
concentrations of toxic metals, suspended solids, and oil and
grease.
ELECTROLYTE PREPARATION WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The silver nitrate electrolyte used in the electrolytic in
refining of Dore metal is prepared by dissolving pure silver
nitric acid. The facility that uses this process also uses a wet
scrubber to control air emissions from the preparation step,
thereby generating a waste stream. Production normalized water
use and discharge rates are presented in Table V-4 (page 2190) in
liters per troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced. No
sampling data were gathered for this waste stream prior to
proposal; however, it was expected to have characteristics
similar to those of the combined raw wastewaters from smelter wet
air pollution control and the electrolytic cell scrubber. This
waste stream, therefore, was expected to contain treatable
concentrations of suspended solids, toxic metals, and oil and
grease.
2186
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Following proposal, sampling data for this subdivision were
acquired at the specific request of EPA through a self-sampling
effort. These data are presented in Table V-14 and show a pH of
1.23 and treatable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver, and zinc, thus
corroborating the data used at proposal.
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
One of the two plants producing primary mercury uses a water
scrubber to control air emissions from the calciner. This plant
uses a series of three scrubbers (Venturi, impinger, and
SO2). Sampling data for the wastewater generated by these
scrubbers are presented in Table V-10 (page 2202). The scrubber
waters have a low pH (2.3 to 2.6) and contain treatable
concentrations of priority metals such as lead, mercury, thallium
and zinc, and suspended solids. The production normalized water
use and discharge rates are shown in Table V-5 (page 2192).
CALCINE QUENCH WATER
One mercury producer uses water to quench the waste calcines from
the mercury roaster to allow faster handling and disposal of
these materials. Table V-6 (page 2192) presents the production
normalized water use and discharge rates for this waste stream.
Sampling data are summarized in Table V-ll (page 2205) and show
high concentrations of priority metals such as arsenic, mercury
and zinc, and suspended solids. This waste stream has a nearly
neutral pH of 6.8.
CALCINER STACK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
One facility uses contact cooling water to reduce the temperature
of the calciner off-gases before releasing them to the
atmosphere. Sampling data for this waste stream are summarized
in Table V-12 (page 2209). This waste stream has a pH of 2.5 and
contains treatable concentrations of mercury and suspended
solids. Production normalized water use and discharge rates are
given in Table V-7 (page 2192).
CONDENSER BLOWDOWN
When mercury is vaporized in the calciner, some water contained
in the Cinnabar or gold ore may also be vaporized. The
condensation of mercury for recovery may result in the
condensation of some water which is discharged as condenser
blowdown. Table V-8 (page 2193) summarizes the production
normalized water use and discharge rates for this waste stream.
Although no sampling data were collected for this waste stream,
it is expected to be very similar to the discharge from the
mercury cleaning bath. The condenser blowdown stream is expected
to contain treatable concentrations of mercury and suspended
solids.
2187
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER
Condensed mercury is processed for the removal of impurities by
being passed through a water cleaning bath. This waste stream
contains treatable concentrations of mercury and suspended solids
and very low concentrations of other toxic metals. The sampling
data for this wastewater stream are presented in Table V-13 (page
2205). Production normalized water use and discharge rates are
provided in Table V-9 (page 2199).
2188
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-l
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
SMELTER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted)
Production
Production Normalized
Plant Code
1131*
1003
1137
1068
1158
Percent Normalized
Recycle Water Use
76 25.8
90 5.3
100 8.41
Dry
Dry
Disehar<
Flow
6.2
0.53
0
*No operations conducted in 1982: water use and discharge rates
based on projected 1983 figures.
TABLE V-2
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
SILVER CHLORIDE REDUCTION SPENT SOLUTION
(1/troy ounce of silver reduced in solution)
Production
Production Normalized
Percent Normalized Discharge
Plant Code Recycle Water Use Flow
1003 0 0.4 0.4
1160 0 NR NR
NR - Data not reported.
2189
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT -
TABLE V-3
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
ELECTROLYTIC CELLS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of gold refined electrolytically)
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Plow
1003
198
19
TABLE V-4
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
ELECTROLYTE PREPARATION WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced)
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Flow
1160
0
0.05
0.05
2190
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SDBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-5
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/kkg of mercury condensed)
Production
Plant Code
1124
(Venturi)
1124
(Impinger)
1124
(S02)
TOTAL
Percent
Recycle
16
16
16
16
Normalize*
Water Use
4,607
7,536
209,524
221,667
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Flow
3,870
6,330
176,000
186,200
TABLE V-6
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
CALCINE QUENCH WATER
(1/kkg of mercury condensed)
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Flow
1124
17,600
17,600
2191
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-7
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
CALCINER STACK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
(1/kkg of mercury condensed)
Plant Code
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Flow
1124
4,150
TABLE V-8
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
CONDENSER SLOWDOWN
(1/kkg of mercury condensed)
4,150
Plant Code
1068
1124
Percent
Recycle
0
Dry
Production
Normalized
Water Use
13,800
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Flow
13,800
TABLE V-9
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER
(1/kkg of mercury condensed)
Plant Code
1124
Percent
Recycle
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
1,400
Production
Normalized
Discharge
Flow
1,400
2192
-------
Table V-1Q
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
NJ
V0
U>
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
Stream
Code
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
A 2
40
41
42
Sample
Typet
Source
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
0.013
0.013
0.013
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.31
0.31
0.31
Day 1 Day 2
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
0.32
0.059
0.013
<0.01
<0.01
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
H
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.016
0.016
0.016
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Day 1
2.2
<0.002
<0.002
360
130
0.84
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.61
0.12
<0.002
0.73
<0.01
<0.01
Day 2 Day 3 o
•* H
O
CJ
to
S
w
H3
to
g
O
s
M
O
»
to
§
O
w
Q
O
»
K;
w
M
o
i
<
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
3
H
s
to
I-1
VD
Ln
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
barium
boron
calcium
chloride
Stream
Code
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
Sample
Typet
Source
<\
Day 1
490
Aon
Day 2 Day 3 n
i j
M
O
a
w
2
M
,430
190
190
190
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.041
0.041
0.041
52
52
52
50
50
50
<<]
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.018
0.021
0.053
<0.009
<0.009
0.027
52
53
51
270
75
91
(_,
w
25
O
W
O
w
G
HH
O
s
w
8
m
w
HI
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Hj
»
H
KJ
H
VO
CTi
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
cobalt
fluoride
Iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
sodium
Stream
Code
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
1 .1
1.1
1.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
8.0
8.0
8.0
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
53
53
53
Day 1 Day 2
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.77
0.84
1.1
1 .0
0.24
<0.02
7.7
8 0
8.0
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
83
60
52
Kj
t)
Day 3 o
o
G
S
M
(-3
tr1
§
ti
g
W
O
I
I-G
r^l
W
G
Cd
O
1-3
M
O
o
»
K;
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
sulfate
tin
titanium
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
/. A
M-U
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
<0.12
<0.12
<0.12
<0.12
<0.12
<0.12
<0.005 <0.005
<0.005 <0.005
<0.005 <0.005
670 1
670
670
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
,300
800
700
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
g
Source Day 1 Day
50
50
50
67,000
68,000
17,000
2 Day 3 £
M
O
§
2
W
t-3
t*
W
D
2
O
si
w
i^—4
9
o
w
o
a
w
o
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
H
3
to
M
VO
00
Pollutant
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
40
41
42
40
41
42
40
41
42
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
6.9
6.9
6.9
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
80
5
2.3
2.3
2.6
w
o
H
a
en
F
en
S
w
»
o
I
w
c
w
o
s
t?d
8
S
w
t?d
O
tSample Type Code: 1 - One time grab
I
<
-------
Table V-11
VJO
VO
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118* cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
; AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
.LCINE QUENCH WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code Typet
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
45 1
Source
<0.003
0.013
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
0.3.1
<0.002
0.016
<0.05
<0.003
<0.001
<0.002
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2
<0.007
17
<0.01
0.06
0.09
0.30
0,38
1 .4
<0.05
<0.003
0.13
0.19
1.7
PRIMARY PR
Day 3 R
H
O
G
M
1
1-3
tr1
§
a
g
50
Q
G
»
Cfl
S
a
s
tfl
Q
O
50
W
Dd
O
t-3
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
i. &,\jt**, I****-*. *. iv u w ^ •v^ w 1_* & Ji~i £. J.X.IMHMF i**.!*-' & i *-**>« WFI.-V *» i»* **r «_* v^ii,.*, *j^x*J.\ *. t_rfu,l*. U&J.1W JLT JT* *. *».
CALCINE QUENCH WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
to
to
§ barium
boron
calcium
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
Stream
Code
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<1
190
<0.50
0.05
0.041
52 1
50
<0.006
1.1
0.05
8.0
<0.01
<0.002
Day 1 Day 2
<1
48
52
1.6
1.3
,800
930
0.044
5.6
150
21
0.75
0.66
H
1
M
Day 3 Q
O
w
s
M
CO
t)
S
w
o
q
CO
g
o
M
Q
O
^
CO
M
0
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
A. t,\ A.J. U, 1.&X Jb *• «.**-*"•* A, -V ^-»l"> * 1*-* J* 1 Ai~Il_^ *,*,«•»»-*• Jk t J-J *% V* *-» 1.* •*• IM* *-* *J »w»A ly J* t~l*~f\^ IN Ji, L^Jl &
-------
Table V-12
to
to
o
to
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source
<0.003
0.013
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
0.31
<0.002
' 0.016
<0.05
<0.003
<0.001
<0.002
<0.01
Day 1 Day 2
<0.003
0.017
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
<0.01
<0.002
2.1
<0.05
<0.003
<0.001
0.004
<0.02
PRIMARY PRi
Day 3 o
O
c
w
3
w
H
^
W
g
O
1
O
G
Kj
W
G
W
D
1-3
M
Q
1
03
W
O
H
1
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
O
OJ
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
barium
boron
calcium
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
: AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
.CK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream 'Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
Typet Source
1 <1 1
1 190
1 <0.50
1 0.050
1 0.041
1 52
1 50
1 <0.006
1 1.1
1 0.05
1 8.0
1 <0.01
1 <0.002
Day 1 Day 2
,800
<1
<0.50
0.047
<0.009
52
53
<0.006
1.1
0.039
8.0
<0.01
<0.002
1
1
K
3
t?d
DaY 3 0
O
c
m
Si
m
f
en
g
O
3
s
O
c
»
Kj
w
c
w
- a
w
O
O
ja
K
w
w
o
^
i
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
CALCINER STACK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
H
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
s od ium
sulfate
tin
to
to
o titanium
*>.
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
Sample
Typet
^
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) $
Source
53
150 23
<0.12
<0.005
670
<0.003
<0.002
<1
<1
6.9
Day 1
53
,600
<0.12
<0.005
880
<0.003
<0.002
<1
4
2.5
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
CJ
CO
2
M
1-3
I?
CO
§
O
3
M
O
CJ
JO
K
CO
§
o
Kl
M
0
\J
CO
M
O
1
<
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
-------
Table V-13
NJ
NJ
O
01
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants.
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
• AWU nc.KL.UKI SUDL.A
Y CLEANING BATH WA'
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream Sample
Code Typet
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ICAlUKI DAnrLilWU UALA
TER
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.003
0.013
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
0.31
<0.002
0.016
<0.05
<0.003
<0.001
<0.002
<0.01
Day 1 Day 2
<0.003
0.017
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.002
2.5
<0.05
<0.003
<0.001
<0.002
<0.01
H
3
Day 3 H
§
w
3
a
tr"
w
|
!
0
w
q
o
w
o
S
w
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
to
to
o barium
boron
calcium
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
Stream
Code
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
H
1
Sample Concentrations Jjng/1) §
Typet Source
1 <1 1
1 190
1 <0.5
1 0.050
1 0.041
1 52
1 50
1 <0.006
1 1.1
1 0.05
1 8.0
1 <0.01
1 <0.002
Day 1 Day 2
,700
170
<0.5
0.059
0.022
52
47
<0.006
0.96
<0.02
7.9
<0.01
<0.002
Day 3 g
O
a
OT
3
W
w
£
a
1
o
a
50
K
cn
c
03
D
Hi
W
Q
O
M
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SAMPLING DATA
MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER
RAW WASTEWATER
W
M
Pollutant
Nonconvent tonal Pollutants (Continued)
sodium
sulfate
tin
KJ •"•
o titanium
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
53
150
<0.12
<0.005
670
<0.003
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-14
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER SELF SAMPLING DATA
(A - Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution)
(B - Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control)
Pollutant
Sample Number
Toxic Pollutants
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Source A
88151
1.86
0.479
<0.05
0.43
1.06
62.0
7.02
0.086
2.4
0.011
<0.01
15.0
Source B
Nonconventional Pollutants
Aluminum
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
Gold
3.0
0.55
5000.0
106.0
1.37
14.0
<0.2
1.6
<0.005
88150
28.36
<0.05
0.36
0.168
534.0
12.6
0.014
0.35
15.72
<0.01
42.0
1.1
0.55
400.0
6.4
<0. 5
<5.0
<0.2
1.0
<0.005
2208
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Hg Raw
Maceria
To Tailings
*» To Tailings
To Tailings
.». To Tailings
To Tailings
' Mercury Produce
**~ To Tailings
Figure V-1
SAMPLE LOCATIONS AT PRIMARY PRECIOUS
METALS AND MERCURY PLANT A
2209
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2210
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
SECTION VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
This section examines both the confidential and nonconfidential
chemical analysis data and discusses the selection or exclusion
of pollutants for potential limitation. The analytical data from
one primary precious metals plant was not presented in Section V
because it was claimed to be confidential. The basis for the
regulation of toxic and other pollutants, along with a discussion
of each pollutant selected for potential limitation is discussed
in Section VI of Vol. I. That discussion provides information
concerning the nature of the pollutant (i.e./ whether it is a
naturally occurring substance, processed metal, or a manufactured
compound); general physical properties and the form of the
pollutant? toxic effects of the pollutant in humans and other
animals: and behavior of the pollutant in POTW at the
concentrations expected in industrial discharges.
The discussion that follows describes the analysis that was
performed to select or exclude toxic pollutants for further
consideration for limitations and standards. Also, it describes
the analysis that was performed to select or exclude conventional
pollutants for limitation. Priority pollutants will be
considered for limitation if they are present in concentrations
treatable by the technologies considered in this analysis. The
treatable concentrations used for the priority metals were the
long-term performance values achievable by chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration. The treatable
concentrations used for the priority organics were the long-term
performance values achievable by carbon adsorption.
This study examined samples from the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory for one nonconventional pollutant (gold) and
three conventional pollutant parameters (oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH).
CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED
The nonconventional and conventional pollutants or pollutant
parameters selected for limitation in this subcategory are:
gold
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH
Gold was analyzed for and not detected in two samples of raw
wastewater from this subcategory. However, gold is expected to
be present in the raw wastewater because of its presence in the
raw materials and its solubility in the various acids and bases
used as raw materials in the refining processes. Gold was
presented as being considered for regulation in the Notice of
2211
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
Data Availability (see 50 PR 10919). For these reasons, gold is
selected for limitation in this subcategory.
Oil and grease was detected in two of 10 samples at
concentrations above the treatability concentration of 10.0 mg/1.
The measured concentrations were 60 and 170 mg/1. These high
concentrations occurred in the combined raw wastewater stream
from the smelter and electrolytic cells wet air pollution control
and in the silver chloride reduction spent solution. Therefore,
oil and grease is selected for limitation in this subcategory.
TSS was detected at concentrations above the treatability
concentration of 2.6 mg/1 in eight of the 10 raw waste samples
analyzed for this study. These eight TSS concentration values
ranged from 4 to 3,700 mg/1. Furthermore, most of the specific
methods used to remove toxic met-als do so by converting these
metals to precipitates, and these toxic metal-containing
precipitates should not be discharged. Meeting a limitation on
total suspended solids helps ensure that removal of these
precipitated toxic metals has been effective. For these reasons,
total suspended solids are selected for limitation in this
subcategory.
The nine pH values observed during this study ranged from 0.9 to
8.4. Six of the nine values were equal to or less than 2.6, one
value was 6.8 and the other two fell within the 7.5 to 10.0 range
considered desirable for discharge to receiving waters. Many
deleterious effects are caused by extreme pH values or rapid
changes in pH. Also, effective removal of toxic metals by
precipitation requires careful control of pH. Since pH control
within the desirable limits is readily attainable by available
treatment, pH is selected for limitation in this subcategory.
TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
The frequency of occurrence of the priority pollutants in the raw
wastewater samples taken is presented in Table Vl-1 (page 2217).
Table VI-1 is based on the raw wastewater data presented in
Section V {see Tables V-10 through V-13, pages 2793-2205) as well
as the primary precious metals analytical data being held
confidential. These data provide the basis for the
categorization of specific pollutants, as discussed below.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
The toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-2 {page 2221) were not
detected in any raw wastewater samples from this subcategory;
therefore, they are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations;
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION
The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any raw wastewater
samples from this subcategoryj therefore, chey are not selected
2212
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY 'SECT - VI
for consideration in establishing limitations.
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
78. anthracene (a)
81. phenanthrene (a)
114. antimony
(a) Reported together, as a combined value
TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT
The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations because they were not found in any raw
wastewater samples from this subcategory above concentrations
considered achievable by existing or available treatment
technologies. These pollutants are discussed individually
following the list.
117. beryllium
125, selenium
Beryllium was detected at a concentration of 0.15 mg/1 in one of
the 10 samples analyzed. Available treatment methods can reduce
beryllium concentrations only to 0.2 mg/1 and this pollutant is,
therefore, not considered for limitation.
Selenium was detected in two of 10 samples at concentrations
ranging from 0.044 to 0.063 mg/1. These concentrations are below
the minimum selenium concentration of 0.2 mg/1 achievable by
available treatment methods. Additionally, these concentrations
of selenium may be attributable to its presence in the source
water at a concentration of 0.10 mg/1. Selenium, therefore, is
not considered for limitation.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES
The following pollutants were not selected for limitation because
they are detectable in the effluent from only a small number of
sources within the subcategory and they are uniquely related to
only those sources.
4. benzene
44. methylene chloride
70. diethyl phthalate
86. toluene
121. cyanide
Although these pollutants were not selected for limitation in
establishing nationwide regulations, it may be appropriate, on a
case-by-case basis, for the local pertnitter to specify effluent
limitations.
2213
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
Benzene was detected above its treatable concentration of 0,01
mg/1 in one of three samples analyzed at a concentration of 0.016
mg/1. This pollutant is not attributable to specific materials
or processes associated with the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory, and is not expected to be present in the
wastewater. For this reason, and because very little removal of
benzene can be expected with treatment, this pollutant is not
considered for limitation.
Methylene chloride was detected above its treatability
concentration of 0.01 mg/1 at concentrations ranging from 0.036
to 0.046 mg/1 in all three samples analyzed. This pollutant is
not attributable to specific materials or processes associated
with the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory, but is
a common solvent used in analytical laboratories. Because
methylene chloride is not expected to be present in the
wastewater, as well as the high probability of sample
contamination, this pollutant is not considered for limitation.
Diethyl phthalate was detected above its treatable concentration
of 0.01 mg/1 in one of three samples analyzed at a concentration
of 0.016 mg/1. This pollutant is not attributable to specific
materials or processes associated with the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory, and is not expected to be present
in the wastewater. For this reason, and because very little
removal of diethyl phthalate can be expected with treatment, this
pollutant is not considered for limitation.
Toluene was detected above its treatable concentration of 0.01
mg/1 in two of three samples analyzed at concentrations of 0.023
and 0.05 mg/1. This pollutant is not attributable to specific
materials or processes associated with the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory, and is not expected to be present
in the wastewater. For this reason, and because very little
removal of toluene can be expected with treatment, this pollutant
is not considered for limitation.
Cyanide was measured at concentrations ranging from 0.049 to 0.2
mg/1 in three of the four samples for which it was analyzed.
These concentrations are above the treatability concentration of
0.047 mg/1, but are suspected to be present because of source
water contamination. The source water was found to contain
cyanide at a concentration of 8.6 mg/1. Because of its presence
in the source water at a high concentration, cyanide is not
considered for limitation.
2214
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AhD MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION IN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
The toxic pollutants listed below are selected for further
consideration in establishing limitations and standards for this
subcategory. The pollutants selected for further consideration
for limitation are each discussed following the list.
115. arsenic
118, cadmium
119, chromium
12O. copper
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Arsenic was detected in two of 10 samples at concentrations of
0.6 and 17 mg/1. The concentration achievable by treatment
methods is 0.34 mg/1. These concentrations were detected in
silver chloride reduction spent solution and calcine quench
water. Arsenic was detected, but at levels below treatability,
in the other eight samples. Therefore, arsenic is selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Cadmium was detected above its treatable concentration (0,049
mg/1) in two of 10 raw wastewater samples analyzed. The
treatable concentrations were detected in silver chloride
reduction spent solution and calcine quench water. Therefore,
cadmium is selected for further consideration for limitation.
Chromium was detected above its treatable concentration of 0.07
mg/1 in silver chloride reduction spent solution and calcine
quench water. The highest concentration was 25 mg/1. All eight
other samples indicated that chromium was present, out at a
concentration below treatability. Therefore, chromium is
selected for further consideration for limitation.
Copper was measured in two samples at concentrations above the
treatable concentration of 0.39 mg/1. Copper was also detected
in the remaining eight samples, out at concentrations below that
achievable by treatment. The highest concentration of copper
found was 23,000 mg/1. Therefore, copper is selected for further
consideration for limitation.
Lead was detected in six raw waste streams at concentrations
above the 0.08 mg/1 attainable by identified treatment
technology. These concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 600 mg/1.
For this reason, lead is selected for further consideration for
limitation.
Mercury was detected in six of the 10 samples analyzed at
concentrations ranging from 0.84 to 360 mg/1. These
concentrations are well above the concentration of 0.036
2215
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS MITALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
achievable by current treatment methods In addition, mercury
was detected in the remaining four samples, but at values below
the treatable concentration. For these reasons, mercury is
selected for further consideration for limitation.
Nickel was detected in the silver chloride reduction spent
solution at a concentration of 29 mg/1. The treatable
concentration for nickel is 0.22 mg/1. Nickel was detected, but
below treatable concentrations in all nine of the other samples.
Therefore, nickel is selected for further consideration for
limitation.
Silver was detected in two samples at concentrations of 0.13 and
6.1 mg/1. These concentrations are above silver's treatable
concentration of 0.07 mg/1. Silver is, therefore, selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Thallium was detected above its treatable concentration {0.34
mg/1) in two of 10 samples analyzed. The quantifiable
concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.6 mg/1. Since thallium was
present in concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable
by identified treatment technology, it is selected for
consideration for limitation.
Zinc was detected above its treatable concentration (0.23 mg/1)
in three of 10 samples analyzed. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.10 to 15.0 mg/1. Since zinc was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
2216
-------
Table VI-1
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
fa
NJ
t->
-J
1 .
2.
3.
4,
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11,
12.
13,
14.
1s.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32 .
33.
34.
Pollutant
acenaphthene
aero lei i)
acrylonitrile
benzene
benzldine
carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichloroben<,ene
hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2-dlchloroethane
1,1,1 -tr IchloroeChane
hexachloroethane
1 , l-dichlor<">»thane
1,1, 2-tr Ic . roethane
1,1 ,2,2-tecrachloroethane
chloroethane
bls(chloranethyl) ether
bls(2-ehloroethyl) ether
2-chloroethyl vtnyl ether
2-chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-trlchlorophenol
parachlorooteta cresol
chloroform
2-chlorophenol
1 ,3-diehlorobenzene
1 ,4-dlf Siiorobenzene
3,3'-dlehlorobenzidlne
1 ,1-dichloroethylene
1,2-trans-dlchloroethylene
2,h dlchlorophenol
1 , 2 -d 1 chloropr opane
1 ,3-dlchloropropylese
2,4-dlmethylphenol
Analyt leal
Quantification
Concentrat ion
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
(mg/lHb)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0,01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0,01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Number of
Streams
Analyzed
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Detected
Detected Below Below Treat-
Quantification able Concen-
ND Concentration tration
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
"•
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
O
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
fa
M
Detected Q
Above Treat- t*
able Concert- £«
tration to
3
M
s
1 f
(A
g
O
s
td
O
a
w4
K,
W
cj
ID
O
i_g
M
O
o
Kj
W
M
O
1-3
I
H
-------
to
to
03
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
35. 2,4-dinltrotoluene
36. 2,6-dlnltrotoluene
37. 1,2-dlphenyihydrazlne
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl etlier
41. 4-braoophenyl phenyi ether
42. bi3(2-ehloroisopropyl) ethec
43. bls(2-chloroethoxy) methane
44. niethylene chloride
45. methyl chloride
46. methyl broni.de
47. brcmofonn
48. dlchlorobroraoraethane
49. trlchlorofluororaethane
50. dlchlorodlfluoronechane
51. chlorodibrcrooroethane
52. hexachlocobutadlene
53. hexachlotrocyclopentadlene
54. Isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nlCrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinltrophenol
60. 4,6-dioltro-o-cresol
61. N-nltrosodlmethylaratne
62. N-nltrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propyLamine
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bi3(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. dl-n-butyl phthalate
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(mtlKa)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
(ng/i)(b)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Nunber of
Streams
Analyzed
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Nunber of
Samples
Analyzed
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NO
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
Detected Below
Quantif Ication
Concentration
Detected
Below Treat-
able Concen-
tration
V
W
H
3
I
K
TJ
»
Detected £j
Above TreatQ
able Concenej
tratlon W
tr1
M
g
W
O
en
c
a
n
Q
o
»J
w
o
H
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
3
M
M
Pollutant
69. di-n-octyl phchalate •
70. diethyl phthalace
71. dimethyl phchalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthene
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (c)
79. benzo(ghl)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (c)
82. dlbenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno(1.2,3-cd)pyrene
84. pyrene
85. tecrachloroethylene
38. toluene
87. Crichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide (d)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. sliver
Analytical
Quantification
Concentrat Ion
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.01G
0.010
0.010
. 0.100 .
0.010
0.010
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0.01
0.02
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
O.Oi
0.01
0.01
0.47
0.34
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
Number of
Streams
Analyzed
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8
8
8
8
8
8
2
8 .
8
8
8
8
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
Detected Below
Quantification
ND Concentration
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
1
10
0
9
6
5
5
0
4
0
6
8
5
Detected
Below Treat-
able Concen-
tration
0
8
1
2
3
1
0
4
3
2
3
Detected Q
Above Treat- H
able Concen- g
t rat Ion ^
3
1 W
•1-3
to
a
2
W
O
C
C
t«W
o
0
2
0
2
2
2
3
6
6
1
0
2
W
O
W
W
n
H
<:
w
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
H
3
e
Pollutant
127. thai linn
128. zinc
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
Analytical Treatable
Quantification Concentra-
Concentration tion
0.100
0.050
5.0
1.0
0.34
0.23
10.0
2.6
timber of
Streams
Analyzed
8 "
8
8
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
10
10
10
10
Nl)
Datected Below
Quantification
Concentration
6
4
8
2
Detected
Helow Treat-
able Concen-
tration
I
3
0"
0
Detected
Above 'Ireat -
aole Ooncen-
tration
2
3
2
d
W
O
H
o
a
m
3
M
f
OT
to
to
KJ
o
53
D
3
W
n
a
en
S
3
o
(a) Analytical quantification concentration was reported with the data (see Section V).
(b) Treatable concentrations are based on performance of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration.
(c) teported together.
(d) Analytical quantification concentration for KFA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, Eift 600/4-79-020,
March 1979.
M
Q
O
CO
M
n
H
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCORY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
1. acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(2-chloromethyl) ether (deleted)
18. bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaph,thalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. parachlorometa cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene
30. l,2~trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-diehlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,3-dichloropropylene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47. bromoform
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane (deleted)
2221
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
50. diehlorodifluoromethane (deleted)
51. chlorodibromomethane
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nitrophenol
58, 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthene
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (l,2,3-cd)pyrene
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-ODD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. endrin
99. endrin aldehyde
100. heptachlor
2222
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT -
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
101. heptachlor epoxide
102. alpha-BHC
103. beta-BHC
104. gamma-BBC
105. delta-BHC
106. PCB.1242 (a)
107. PCB-1254 (a)
108. PCB-1221 (a)
109. PCB-1232 (b)
110. PCB-1248 (b)
111. PCB-1260 (b)
112. PCB-1016 (b)
113. toxaphene
116. asbestos
129. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
(a)f(b) Reported together, as a combined value
2223
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2224
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters from primary
precious metals and mercury plants. This section summarizes the
description of these wastewaters and indicates the treatment
technologies which are currently practiced in the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory for each waste stream.
Secondly, this section presents the control and treatment
technology options which were examined by the Agency for possible
application to the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently being applied to each of the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed
in Section V, wastewater associated with the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory is characterized by the presence
of the toxic metal pollutants, suspended solids, and oil and
grease. This analysis is supported by the raw (untreated)
wastewater data presented for specific sources. Construction of
one wastewater treatment system for combined treatment allows
plants to take advantage of economic scale and in some instances
to combine streams of different alkalinity to reduce treatment
chemical requirements.
All but one of the plants within this subcategory do not
discharge wastewater. The one discharging facility discharges to
a surface water from a tailings pond. Zero discharge is achieved
in most plants through a combination treatment consisting of a
tailings pond and recycle or reuse. One of the three plants with
a smelter scrubber achieves zero discharge of that waste stream
by 100 percent recycle. Partial recycle is used only on two
waste streams, the smelter scrubber and the calciner scrubber
wastewater. Table VII-1 (page 2227) presents a summary of the
number of plants with each wastewater stream and the treatment
technologies currently in place.
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
The Agency examined three control and treatment technology
options that are applicable to the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory. The options selected for . evaluation
represent a combination of in-process flow reduction, preliminary
treatment technologies applicable to individual waste streams,
and end-of-pipe treatment technologies. The effectiveness of
these technologies is discussed in Section VII of Vol. I.
2225
-------
PRIMARY PRECIO0S METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT -VII
OPTION A
Option A for the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory
requires control and treatment technologies to reduce the
discharge of wastewater pollutant mass.
The Option A treatment scheme consists of chemical precipitation
and sedimentation technology and ion exchange as a polishing
step. Specifically, lime or some other alkaline compound is used
to precipitate metal ions as metal hydroxides. The metal
hydroxides and suspended solids settle out and the sludge is
collected. Vacuum filtration is used to dewater sludge.
Preliminary treatment consisting of oil skimming to remove oil
and grease is also included in Option A. .
OPTION B
Option B for the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory
consists of the Option A (oil skimming, chemical precipitation
and sedimentation, ion exchange) treatment scheme plus flow
reduction techniques to reduce the discharge of wastewater
volume. In-process changes which allow for recycle of
electrolytic cells wastewater and calciner scrubber water are the
principal control mechanisms for flow reduction.
OPTION C
Option C for the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory
consists of all control and treatment requirements of Option B
(in-process flow reduction, oil skimming, chemical precipitation
and sedimentation, ion exchange) plus multimedia filtration
technology added at the end of the Option B treatment scheme.
Multimedia filtration is used to remove suspended solids,
including precipitates of metals, beyond the concentration
attainable by gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of
the gravity, mixed-media type, although other forms of filters,
such as rapid sand filters or pressure filters would perform
satisfactorily. The addition of filters also provides consistent
removal during periods in which there are rapid increases in
flows or loadings of pollutants to the treatment system.
2226
-------
Table V1I-1
SUMMARY OF WASTE STREAMS AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
IN PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY PLANTS
K)
K)
K)
Waste Stream
Smelter wet air pollution control
Silver chloride reduction spent solution
Electrolytic cells wet air pollution
control
Electrolyte preparation wet air pollu-
tion control
Silver crystals wash water
Gold slimes acid wash and water rinse
Calciner wet air pollution control
Calcine quench water
Calciner stack gas contact cooling water
Condenser blowdown
Mercury cleaning bath water
Number of
Plants With
Waste Stream
Number of
Plants With
Tailings Pond
Treatment
Number of
Plants With
Recycle or Reuse
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
o
a
in
3
w
in
\
n
I
w
f-t
53
n
H
w
g
8
w
M
n
i
<
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2228
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY. SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
This section presents a summary of compliance costs for the
primary precious metals and mercury subeategory and a description
of the treatment options and subcategory-specif i'c assumptions
used to develop these estimates. Together with the estimated
pollutant reduction performance presented in Sections IX, X, XI,
and XII of this supplement, these cost estimates provide a basis
for evaluating each regulatory option. These cost estimates are
also used in determining the probable economic impact of
regulation on the subcategory at different pollutant discharge
levels. In addition, this section addresses nonwater quality
environmental impacts of wastewater treatment and control
alternatives, including air pollution, solid wastes, and energy
requirements, which are specific to the primary precious metals
and mercury subcategory.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
As discussed in Section VII, three treatment options have been
developed for existing primary precious metals and mercury
sources. The options are summarized below and schematically
presented in Figures X-l through X-3 (page 2264 - 2266).
OPTION A
Option A consists of preliminary treatment using oil-water
separation where required and chemical precipitation and
sedimentation and ion exchange end-of-pipe technology.
OPTION B
Option B consists of in-process flow reduction and oil-water
separation preliminary treatment where required, and end-of-pipe
technology consisting of chemical precipitation and sedimentation
and ion exchange. The in-process flow reduction measure consists
of the recycle of electrolytic cells scrubber water, and calciner
scrubber water through holding tanks,
OPTION C
Option C requires the in-process flow reduction and oil-water
separation preliminary treatment measures of Option B, and end-
of-pipe treatment technology consisting of chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchange 'and multimedia
filtration.
COST METHODOLOGY
A detailed discussion of the methodology used to develop the
compliance costs is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. Plant-
2229
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
by-plant compliance costs for the nonferrous metals manufacturing
category have been revised as necessary following proposal.
These revisions calculate incremental costs, above treatment
already in place, necessary to comply with the promulgated
effluent limitations and standards and are presented in the
administrative record supporting this regulation. A comparison
of the costs developed for proposal and the revised costs for the
final regulation are presented in Table VIII-1 (page 2230) for
the direct discharger in this subcategory.
Each of the general assumptions used to develop compliance costs
is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. No subcategory-specific
assumptions were used in developing compliance costs for the
primary precious metals and mercury subcategory.
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECT
A general discussion of the nonwater quality aspects of the
control and treatment options considered for the nonferrous
metals category is contained in Section VIII of Vol. I. Nonwater
quality impacts specific to the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory, including energy requirements, solid waste
and air pollution, are discussed below.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
The methodology used for determining the energy requirements for
the various options is discussed in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Energy requirements for the three options
considered are estimated at 10,900 kwh/yr, 10,900 kwh/yr, and
11,200 kwh/yr for Options A, B, and C, respectively. Option B
energy requirements are the same as those for Option A because
the one discharging plant has no flow reduction. Option C, which
includes filtration, increases energy consumption over Option B
by approximately three percent. Option C represents roughly 3.5
percent of a typical plant's electrical energy usage. It is
therefore concluded that the energy requirements of the treatment
options considered will not have significant impact on total
plant energy consumption.
SOLID WASTE
Sludge generated in the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory is due to oily wastes from oil-water separation and
the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using lime.
Sludges associated with the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory will necessarily contain quantities of toxic metal
pollutants. These sludges are not subject to regulation as
hazardous wastes since wastes generated by primary smelters and
refiners are currently exempt from regulation by Act of Congress
(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Section 3001(b)),
as interpreted by EPA. If a small (5-10%) excess of lime is
added during treatment, the Agency does not believe these sludges
would be identified as hazardous under RCRA in any case.
2230
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
(Compliance costs include this amount of lime.) This judgment is
based on the results of Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity testa
performed on similar sludges (toxic metal-bearing sludges)
generated by other industries such as the iron and steel
industry. A small amount of excess lime was added during
treatment, and the sludges subsequent^ generated passed the
toxicity test. See CFR S261.24. Thus, the Agency believes that
the wastewater sludges will similarly not be EP toxic if the
recommended technology is applied.
Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result of these guidelines are not expected to be hazardous,
generators of these wastes must test the waste to determine if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste
(see 40 CFR 262.11).
If these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA's "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation, from
the point of generation to point of final disposition. EPA's
gener-ator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR 262.20 45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980). The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous wastes
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR 263.20 45 FR 33151
(May 19, 198O), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980).
Finally costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and
disposing of these wastes. For more details, see Section VIII of
the General Development Document.
Sludge generation for BPT of the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory is estimated at 208 metric tons per year.
Sludge generation for BAT is not expected to be significantly
different.
AIR POLLUTION
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems will result from implementation of oil-water separation,
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, multimedia filtration and
ion exchange. These technologies transfer pollutants to solid
waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.
2231
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
Table VIII-1
COST OP COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
Proposal Costs Promulgation Costs
Capital Annual Capital Annual
Option Cost Cost Cost Cost
A
B
C
27,500
27,500
30,000
9,000
9,000
10,000
2,200
2,200
3,025
26,800
26,800
27,300
2232
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT). BPT reflects the existing performance
by plants of various sizes, ages, and manufacturing processes
within the primary precious metals and mercury subeategory, as
well as the established performance of the recommended BPT
systems. Particular consideration is given to the treatment
already in place at plants within the data base.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the manufacturing processes employed,
nonwater quality environmental impacts (including energy
requirements), and other factors the Administrator considers
appropriate. In general, the BPT level represents the average of
the existing performances of plants of various ages, sizes,
processes, or other common characteristics. Where existing
performance is uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from
a different subcategory or category. Limitations based on
transfer of technology are supported by a rationale concluding
that the technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable
prediction that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed
effluent limits (see Tanner's Council of America v. Train, 540
P.2d 1188 (4th Cir. 11/6). BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment
rather than process changes or internal controls, except where
such practices are common within the subcategory.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory to identify the processes used, the wastewaters
generated, and the treatment processes installed. Information
was collected from the category using data collection portfolios,
and specific plants were sampled and the wastewaters analyzed.
In making technical assessments of data, reviewing manufacturing
processes, and assessing wastewater treatment technology options,
indirect and direct dischargers have been considered as a single
group.
As explained in Section IV, the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory has been subdivided into nine potential
wastewater sources. Since the water use, discharge rates, and
pollutant characteristics of each of these wastewaters is
potentially unique, effluent limitations will be developed for
each of the nine subdivisions or segments.
2233
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
For each of the subdivisions, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. The first
requirement to develop these limitations is to account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant. Therefore,
a unit of production or production normalizing parameter (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
in Section IV. Each process within the subcategory was then
analyzed to determine (1) which subdivisions were present, (2)
the specific flow rates generated for each subdivision, and (3)
the specific production normalized flows for each subdivision.
This analysis is discussed in detail in Section V. Nonprocess
wastewaters such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water
are not considered in the analysis.
Production normalized flows for each subdivision were then
analyzed to determine the flow to be used as part of the basis
for BPT mass limitations. The selected flow (sometimes referred
to as a BPT regulatory flow or BPT discharge rate) reflects the
water use controls which are common practices within the
category. The BPT regulatory flow is based on the average of all
applicable data. Plants with normalized flows above the average
may have to implement some method of flow reduction to achieve
the BPT limitations.
The second requirement to calculate mass limitations is the set
of concentrations that are achievable by application of the BPT
level of treatment technology. Section VII discusses the various
control and treatment technologies which are currently in place
for each wastewater source. In most cases, the current control
and treatment technologies consist of a combination of tailings
ponds and reuse and recycle of process water. Chemical
precipitation and sedimentation technology and performance is
transferred to this subcategory, because current treatment is
inadequate. Oil skimming is applied to streams with treatable
concentrations of oil and grease. Ion exchange technology is
being added for the removal of gold.
Using these regulatory flows and the achievable concentrations,
the next step is to calculate mass loadings for each wastewater
source or subdivision. This calculation was made on a stream-by-
stream basis, primarily because plants in this subcategory may
perform one or more of the operations in various combinations.
The mass loadings (milligrams of pollutant per troy ounce or
metric ton of production - mg/T.O. or mg/kkg) were calculated by
multiplying the BPT regulatory flow (1/T.O. or 1/kkg) by the
concentration achievable by the' BPT level of treatment technology
(mg/1) for each pollutant parameter to be limited under BPT.
These mass loadings are published in the Federal Register and in
CFR Part 421 as the effluent limitations guidelines.
The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
2234
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS 'METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT -IX
wastewater sources which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly, all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at primary precious metals and mercury plants.
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/T.O. or 1/kkg) is a
link between the production operations and the effluent
limitations. The pollutant discharge attributable to each
operation can be calculated from the normalized flow and effluent
concentration achievable by the treatment technology and summed
to derive an appropriate limitation for each plant.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
In balancing costs in relation to pollutant removal estimates,
EPA considers the volume and nature of existing discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges expected after application of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost and economic impacts of the required pollution control
level. The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality problems attributable to particular point sources or
industries, or water quality improvements in particular water
quality bodies. Accordingly, water quality considerations were
not the basis for selecting the proposed or promulgated BPT. See
Weyerhaeuser Company v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).
The methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates and
plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X. The pollutant
removal estimates have been revised since proposal based on new
flow and production data submitted to EPA through industry
comments. Table X-2 (page 2256) shows the estimated pollutant
removals for each treatment option for direct dischargers.
Compliance costs are presented in Table X-3 (page 2257).
BPT OPTION SELECTION
The technology basis for the promulgated BPT limitations is
Option A, chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology to
remove metals and solids from combined wastewaters and to control
pH, ion exchange as a polishing step to remove gold, and oil
skimming to remove oil and grease. This technology is in-plaee
at the discharger in this subcategory. This technology differs
from proposed BPT by the addition of ion exchange. The
pollutants specifically promulgated for regulation at BPT are
arsenic, lead, mercury, silver, zinc, oil and grease, TSS, and
pH.
2235
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
Implementation of the promulgated BPT limitations will remove
annually an estimated 50,442 kg of priority metals and 3,310 kg
of TSS. We project a capital cost of $2,200 and an annualized
cost of $26,800 (1982 dollars) for achieving promulgated BPT
limitations.
More stringent technology options were not selected for
promulgated BPT since they require in-process changes or end-of-
pipe technologies less widely practiced in the subcategory, and,
therefore, are more appropriately considered under BAT.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the average of the flows of the existing plants, as determined
from analysis of the dcp. The discharge rate is used with the
achievable treatment concentration to determine BPT effluent
limitations. Since the discharge rate may be different for each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for each of the nine wastewater sources are discussed below and
summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2246). The discharge rates are
normalized on a production basis by relating the amount of
wastewater generated to the mass of the intermediate product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste
stream, in question. These production normalizing parameters are
also listed in Table IX-1.
Section V of this supplement further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents the water use and discharge flow rates for
each plant by subdivision. The proposed and promulgated BPT
discharge rates are discussed individually below.
SMELTER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed for smelter wet air
pollution control was 13.2 liters per troy ounce (3.5 gal/troy
ounce) to gold and silver smelted, based on zero percent recycle.
This rate was allocated only for plants practicing wet air
pollution control for the smelter. Three plants reported this
waste stream, as shown in Table V-l (page 2189). The BPT rate
was based on the average water use rate for these three plants
(25.8, 8.4, and 5.3 liters per troy ounce).
At proposal, EPA was considering a BPT wastewater discharge rate
for this waste stream of 1.3 liters per troy ounce, based on 90
percent recycle. Recycle is demonstrated for this waste stream?
three plants reporting a smelter scrubber indicated recycle rates
of 76 to 100 percent on scrubber liquor. For this reason, EPA
considered reducing the discharge allowance for this stream and
solicited comments from industry.
The promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for smelter wet air
pollution control is 1.3 liters per troy ounce (0.343 gal/T.O.)
of gold and silver smelted. Since the Agency received no
comments on th.'.s issue from industry, it decided to incorporate
2236
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
the 90 percent recycle rate for this waste stream. Consequently,
the promulgated BPT flow is based on 90 percent recycle of the
average water use reported by the three plants with this waste
stream.
SILVER CHLORIDE REDUCTION SPENT SOLUTION
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
silver chloride reduction spent solution is 0.4 liters per troy
ounce (0.11 gal/troy ounce) of silver reduced in solution. Water
use and discharge rates are presented in Table V-2 (page 2189).
The proposed BPT discharge rate was based on the flow reported by
one plant. Since proposalr EPA received comments from a second
plant reporting this waste stream. Flow and production data for
this plant were not quantified precisely enough co calculate a
production normalized flow. Thus, the promulgated BPT flow rate
is based on the values reported by the initial plant and is equal
to the proposed flow rate,
.ELECTROLYTIC CELLS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
the electrolytic cells wet air pollution control is 198 liters
per troy ounce (52.3 gal/T.O.) of gold refined electrolytically.
This normalized flow is based upon the only value reported for
this subcategory. The reported water use and discharge rates are
presented in Table V-3 (page 2190).
ELECTROLYTE PREPARATION WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
the electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control is 0.05
liters per troy ounce (0.013 gal/troy ounce) of silver in the
electrolyte produced. This normalized flow is based upon the
only value reported for this subcategory. Water use and
discharge rates are provided in Table V-4 (page 2190).
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
the calciner wet air pollution control is 186,200 1/kkg (49,200
gal/kkg) of mercury condensed. This normalized flow is based
upon the sum of the flows from three in-series scrubbers at the
only facility reporting a calciner scrubber (plant 1124). Table
V-5 (page 2291) summarizes the water use and discharge rates for
this subdivision. This discharge rate represents 16 percent
recycle of scrubber liquor, which is the rate currently achieved
by the one plant with this stream.
CALCINE QUENCH WATER
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewciter discharge rate for
calcine quench water is 17,600 1/kkg (4,650 gal/kkg) of mercury
condensed. This production normalized discharge rate is based
2237
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
upon the only reported value for this waste stream. Water use
and discharge rates are presented in Table V-6 (page 2191).
CALCINER STACK GAS CONTACT COOLING WATER
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate
selected for calciner stack gas contact cooling water is 4,150
1/kkg (1,096 gal/kkg) of mercury condensed. This discharge rate
is equivalent to the discharge rate of the only plant reporting
this waste stream. Table V-7 (page 2191) presents the reported
water use and discharge rates for this waste stream.
CONDENSER SLOWDOWN
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
condenser blowdown is 13,800 1/kkg (3,646 gal/kkg) of mercury
condensed. Water use and discharge rates for this waste stream
are provided in Table V-8 (page 2192). The condenser blowdown
normalized discharge rate is based upon the only value reported
for this waste stream.
MERCURY CLEANING BATH WATER
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
mercury cleaning bath water is 1,400 1/kkg (370 gal/kkg) of
mercury condensed. This normalized flow is equivalent to the
only reported water discharge rate for this waste stream. Table
V~9 (page 2192) provides the reported water use and discharge
flows for this subdivision.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination and
evaluation is presented in Sections VI and X. Eight pollutants
or pollutant parameters are selected for limitation under BPT and
are listed below:
122, lead • ?
123. mercury
126. silver
128. zinc
gold
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The concentrations achievable by application of the promulgated
BPT treatment are explained in Section VII of this supplement.
The achievable treatment concentrations (both one-day maximum and
monthly average values) are multiplied by the BPT normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2240) to calculate
t
2238
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERC0RY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
the mass of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations in milligrams of
pollutant per troy ounce or kilogram of product represent the BPT
effluent limitations and are presented in Table IX-2 (page 2241)
for each individual waste stream.
2239
-------
Table IX-1
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Waste Stream
1 . "Smelter wet air pollution
control
2. Silver chloride reduction
spent solution
3. Electrolytic cells wet air
pollution control
4. Electrolyte preparation
wet air pollution control
5. Calciner wet air pollution
control
6. Calcine quench water
7. Calciner stack gas contact
cooling water
8. Condenser blowdown
9. Mercury cleaning bath water
BPT Discharge Rate
(1/T.O. (gal/T.O.
or 1/kkg) or gal/kkg)
1.3
0.4
198
0.05
186,200
17,600
4,150
13,800
1 ,400
PNP
0.343 troy ounce of gold and silver
smelted
0.11 troy ounce of silver reduced
in solution
52.3 troy ounce of silver refined
electrolytically
0.013 troy ounce of silver in elec-
trolyte produced
49,200
kkg of mercury condensed
4,650 kkg of mercury condensed
1 ,096 kkg of mercury condensed
3,646 kkg of mercury condensed
370 kkg of mercury condensed
H
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63
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H
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX- 2
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
ta) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or ' Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold and
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range of
silver smelted
2.717
0.442
0.572
2.470
0.546
0.325
2.496
0.533
2.665
1.898
0.130
26.000
53.300
7.5 to 10.0 at all
(b) Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution
1.209
0.195
0.234
1.300
0.260
0.130
1.651
0.221
1.183
0.793
15.600
25.350
times
BPT
Pollutant or • Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce cC silver
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
reduced in solution
0.836
0.136
0.176
0.760
0.168
0.100
0.768
0.164
0.820
0.584
0.040
8.000
16.400
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0.372
0.060
0.072
0.400
0.080
0.040
0.508
0.068
0.364
0.244
_
4.800
7.800
times
*Regulated Pollutant
2241
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver refined electrolytically
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the
413.800
67.320
87.120
376.200
83.160
49.500
380.200
81.180
405.900
289.100
19.800
3,960.000
8,118.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0
184.100
29.700
35.640
198.000
39.600
19.800
251.500
33.660
180.200
120.800
2,376.000
3,861.000
at all times
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
in electrolyte
0.105
0.017
0.022
0.095
0.021
0.013
0.096
0.021
0.103
0.073
0.005
1.000
2.050
of 7.5 to 10.0
produced
0.047
0.008
0.009
0.050
0.010
0.005
0.064
0.009
0.046
0.031
0.600
0.975
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2242
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METAIiS AND MERCURY SUBCATBGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one -day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 389.200 173,200
Cadmium 63.310 27.930
Chromium 81.930 33.520
Copper 353.800 186.200
*Lead 78.200 37.240
*Mercury 46.550 18,620
Nickel 357.500 236.500
*Silver 76.340 31.650
Thallium 381.700 169.400
*Zinc 271.900 113.600
*Gold 18,620
*Oil and Grease 3,724.000 2,234.000
*TSS 7,634.000 3,631.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Calcine Quench Water BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 36.780 16.370
Cadmium 5.984 2.640
Chromium 7.744 3.168
Copper 33.440 17.600
*Lead 7.392 3.520
*Mercury 4.400 1.760
Nickel 33.790 22.350
*Silver 7.216 2.992
Thallium 36.080 16.020
*Zinc 25.700 10.740
*Gold 1.760
*Oil and Grease 352.000 211.200
*TSS 721.600 343.200
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2243
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(g) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 8.674 3.860
Cadmium 1.411 0.623
Chromium 1.826 0.747
Copper 7.885 4.150
*Lead 1.743 0.830
*Mercury 1.038 0.415
Nickel 7.968 5.271
*Silver 1.702 0.706
Thallium 8.508 3.777
*Zinc 6.059 2.532
*Gold 0.415
*Oil and Grease 83.000 49,800
*TSS 170.200 80.930
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Condenser Slowdown BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg {Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 28.840 12.830
Cadmium 4.692 2.070
Chromium 6.072 2.484
Copper 26.22C 13.800
*Lead 5.79t 2.760
*Mercury 3.450 1.380
Nickel 26.500 17.530
*Silver 5.658 2.346
Thallium 28.290 12.560
*Zinc 20.150 8.418
*Gold 1.380
*Oil and Grease 276.000 165.600
*TSS 565.800 269.100
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2244
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg {lb/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 2.926 1.302
Cadmium 0.476 0.210
Chromium 0.616 0.252
Copper 2.660 1.400
*Lead 0.588 0.280
*Mercury 0^350 0.140
Nickel 2.688 1.778
*Silver 0.574, 0.238
Thallium , 2.870 1.274
*Zinc 2.044 • 0.854
*Gold 0.140
*Oil and Grease 28.000 16.800
*TSS 57.400 27.300
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2245
-------
H
w«t off polfulion control
tv)
cn
*"^5' CWof"'<> R«duction Spent Solution
C«et olyilc Ctlli wot air pollution control
Electrolyte Preparation w»t air pollution control
Slyer Crystal Wash Water
Gold SDmas Acid Wash and Rin** Water
**t atr pollution control
Caldn* Qu*nch Water
Calcin* Stack Got Contact Cooling Water
Condw»*r Blo»do*n
Uarcury Cleaning Both Water
Sludge to
W
n
H
o
a
3
M
fl
a
H
w
o
cn
w
o
FIGURE IX-1 BPT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR THE
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICi^LY ACHIEVABLE
i
These effluent limitations are based on the best control and
treatment technology used by a specific point source within the
industrial category or subcategory, or by another category where
it is readily transferable. Emphasis is placed on additional
treatment techniques applied at the end of the treatment systems
currently used, as well as reduction of the amount of water used
and discharged, process control, and treatment technology
optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and the costs of application of such technology (Section 304(b)
(2)(B) of the Clean Water Act). BAT represents the best
available technology economically achievable at plants of various
ages, sizes, processes, or other characteristics. BAT may
include feasible process changes or internal controls, even when
not in common practice.
The statutory assessment of BAT considers costs, but does not
require a balancing of costs against pollutant removals However,
in assessing the proposed and promulgated BAT, the Agency has
given substantial weight to the economic aehievability of the
technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed a wide range of technology options and
evaluated the available possibilities to ensure that the most
effective and beneficial technologies were used as the basis of
BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency elected to examine three
technology options which could be applied to the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory as alternatives for the* basis of
BAT effluent limitations.
For the development of BAT effluent limitations, mass loadings
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory using the same technical approach as described in
Section IX for BPT limitations development. The differences in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness achievable with the more sophisticated BAT
treatment technology and reductions in the effluent flows
allocated to various waste streams.
2247
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGQRY SECT - X
In summary, the treatment technologies considered for the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory are:
Option A (Figure X-l, page 2264):
o Oil skimming preliminary treatment for streams containing
oil and grease at treatable concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange
Option B (Figure X-2 page 2265) is based on
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Oil skimming preliminary treatment for streams containing
oil and grease at treatable concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange
Option C (Figure X-3 page 2266) is based on
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Oil skimming preliminary treatment for streams containing
oil and grease at treatable concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
o Ion exchange
The three options examined for BAT are further discussed below.
The first option considered is the same as the BPT treatment
technology which was presented in section IX.
OPTION A
Option A for the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory
is equivalent to the control and treatment technologies which
were analyzed for BPT in Section IX. The BPT end-of-pipe
treatment scheme includes chemical precipitation and
sedimentation (lime and settle) technology, with oil skimming
preliminary treatment of wastewaters containing treatable
concentrations of oil and grease and ion exchange as a polishing
step (see Figure X-l). The discharge rates for Option A are
equal to the discharge rates allocated to each stream as a BPT
discharge flow.
OPTION B
Option B for the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory
achieves lower pollutant discharge by building upon the Option A
(oil skimming preliminary treatment, chemical precipitation and
sedimentation and ion exchange) treatment technology. Flow
reduction measures are added to the Option A treatment scheme
(see Figure X-2). These flow reduction measures, including in-
process changes, result in the concentration of pollutants in
2248
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
some wastewater streams. As explained in Section VII of the
General Development Document, treatment of a more concentrated
effluent allows achievement of a greater net pollutant removal
and introduces the possible economic benefits associated with
treating a lower volume of wastewater.
Option B flow reduction measures are reflected in the BAT
wastewater discharge rates. Flow reduction has been included in
determining the promulgated BAT discharge rates for electrolytic
cells wet air pollution control and calciner wet air pollution
control. Based on available data, the Agency did not feel that
further flow reduction over BPT would be feasible for the
remaining seven waste streams in the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory. These waste streams are:
1. Smelter wet air pollution control,
2. Silver chloride reduction spent solution,
3. Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control,
4. Calcine quench water,
5. Calciner stack gas contact cooling water,
6» Condenser blowdown, and
7. Mercury cleaning bath water.
Flow reduction measures used in Option B to reduce process
wastewater generation or discharge rates include the following:
Recycle of Water Used _in Wet Air gollution Control
There are four wastewater sources associated with wet air
pollution control which are regulated under the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory:
1. Smelter wet air pollution control,
2. Electrolytic cells wet air pollution control,
3. Electrolyte preparation wet air pollution control, and
4. Calciner wet air pollution control.
Table X-l (page 2255) presents the number of plants reporting
wastewater from the wet air pollution control sources listed
above, the number of plants practicing recycle, and the range of
recycle values being listed. Recycle of electrolytic cell
scrubber water and calciner scrubber water are required for BAT.
Recycle of smelter wet air pollution control and electrolyte
preparation wet air pollution control is not required for BAT
because the BPT discharge flow is close to the minimum possible
water discharge from a scrubber. The recycle rate used for the
other two sources is based on 90 percent recycle of the average
water use reported by all the plants with each waste stream, as
will be shown later.
OPTION C
Option C for the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory
consists of all control and treatment requirements of Option B
(:: n-process flow reduction, oil skimming preliminary treatment,
2249
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and ion exchange) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the Option B
treatment scheme (see Figure X-3, page 2266). Multimedia
filtration is used to remove suspended solids, including
precipitates of toxic metals, beyond the concentration attainable
by gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the
gravity, mixed media type, although other filters, such as rapid
sand filters or pressure filters, would perform satisfactorily,
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
As one means of evaluating each technology option, SPA developed
estimates of the pollutant removal benefits and the compliance
costs associated with each option. The methodologies are
described below.
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
A complete description of the methodology used to calculate the
estimated pollutant removal, or benefit, achieved by the
application of the various treatment options is presented in
Section x of Vol. I. The pollutant removal estimates have been
revised from proposal because of additional flow and production
information received during the comment period. The methodology
for calculating pollutant removals has not changed, and the data
used for estimating removals are the same as those used to revise
compliance costs.
Sampling data collected during the field sampling program were
used to characterize the major waste streams considered for
regulation. At each sampled facility, the sampling data was
production normalized for each unit operation (i.e., mass of
pollutant generated per mass of product manufactured). This
value, referred to as the raw waste,, was used to estimate the
mass of toxic pollutants generated within the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory. The pollutant removal estimates
were calculated for each plant by first estimating the total mass
of each pollutant in the untreated wastewater. This was
calculated by first ' multiplying the raw waste values by the
corresponding production value for that stream and then summing
these values for each pollutant for every stream generated by the
plant.
Next, the volume of wastewater discharged after the application
of each treatment option was estimated for each operation at each
plant by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory flow.
The smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the
other plant flows. The mass of pollutant discharged was then
estimated by multiplying the achievable concentration values
attainable with the option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of
process wastewater discharged by the subcategory. The mass of
pollutant removed is the difference between the estimated mass of
pollutant generated within the subcategory and the mass of
pollutant discharged after application of the treatment option.
The pollutant removal estimates for direct dischargers in the
2250
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
primary precious metals and mercury subcategory are presented in
Table X-2 (page 2256).
COMPLIANCE COSTS
In estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first step
was to develop a cost estimation model, relating the total costs
associated with installation and operation of wastewater
treatment technologies to plant-process wastewater discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant. The plant's investment and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in place
and by its individual process wastewater discharge flow. As
discussed above, this flow is either the actual or the BAT
regulatory flow, whichever is lesser. The final, step was to
annualize the capital costs, and to sum the annualized capital
costs, and the operating and maintenance costs for each plant,
yielding the cost of compliance for the subcategory (see Table X-
3, page 2257). These costs were used in assessing economic
achievability.
BAT OPTION SELECTION ^ PROPOSAL
EPA selected Option C for the proposed BAT, which included flow
reduction, oil skimming preliminary treatment, chemical
precipitation and sedimentation, and multimedia filtration.
The pollutants proposed for limitation under BAT were arsenic,
lead, mercury, silver, and zinc. Implementation of the proposed
BAT limitations was estimated to remove 914.5 kilograms of toxic
metals annually. Estimated capital cost for achieving proposed
BAT was $30,000 and annual cost was $10,000 (1982 dollars).
BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating BAT limitations for this subcategory based on
flow reduction, oil skimming preliminary treatment, chemical
precipitation and sedimentation, ion exchange and multimedia
filtration. This preliminary treatment and end-of-pipe
technology basis for the promulgated BAT adds ion exchange to
the technology used for the proposed BAT limitations. The
treatment performance concentrations upon which the mass
limitations are based are equal to those used to calculate the
proposed mass limitations.
EPA is promulgating multimedia filtration as part of the BAT
technology because this technology results in additional removal
of toxic metals. Filtration is also presently demonstrated at 25
plants throughout the nonferrous metals manufacturing category.
Filtration adds reliability to the treatment system by making it
less susceptible to operator error and to sudden changes in raw
wastewater flow and pollutant concentrations.
Oil skimming is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals
manufacturing category. Although no primary precious metals and
mercury plants have oil skimming in place, it is- necessary to
2251
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY S0BCATEGORY SECT - X
reduce oil and grease concentrations in the discharge from this
subcategory.
;EPA has added ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment to the BAT
treatment scheme discussed at proposal. Ion exchange is an
effective method for removing gold from wastewater generated in
the subcategory. EPA has determined that no additional costs
will be generated in the secondary precious metals subcategory by
adding ion exchange because of the value of the precious metals
recovered in the column, and believes this will also be true for
primary precious metals subcategory^
Implementation of the control and treatment technologies of
Option C will remove annually an estimated 50,443 kilograms of
priority metal pollutants from raw wastewater. The estimated
capital cost for achieving promulgated BAT is $3,025 (1982
dollars) and the estimated annual cost is $27,300 (1982 dollars).
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BAT discharge rate was calculated for each subdivision based
upon the flows of the existing plants, as determined from
analysis of the data collection portfolios. The discharge rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentrations to determine
BAT effluent limitations. Since the discharge rate may be
different for each wastewater source, separate production
normalized discharge rates for each of the nine wastewater
sources were determined and are summarized in Table X-4 (page
2258). The discharge rates wastewater generated to the mass of
the intermediate product which is produced by the process
associated with the waste stream in question. These production
normalizing parameters (PNP) are also listed in Table X-4. The
discharge rates are normalized on a production basis by relating
the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of the
intermediate product which is produced by the process associated
with the waste stream in question. These production normalizing
parameters (PNP) are also listed in Table X-4.
The promulgated BAT discharge rates are the same as the discharge
rates proposed for BAT. As discussed previously, the promulgated
BAT wastewater discharge rate equals the BPT wastewater discharge
rate for seven of the nine waste streams in the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory. Based on the available data, the
Agency determined that further flow reduction would not be
feasible for these seven wastewater sources. Wastewater streams
for which BAT discharge rates differ from BPT are discussed
below.
ELECTROLYTIC CELLS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The promulgated BAT wastewater discharge rate for electrolytic
cells wet air pollution control is 19.8 liters per troy ounce of
gold refined electrolytically. This rate is based on 90 percent
recycle of the water use rate reported by the one plant with this
waste stream, as shown in Table V-3 (page 2190). Although
2252
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCAfEGORI SECT - X,
recycle of this stream is not currently demonstrated, the Agency
believes that it is achievable.
CALCINER WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The promulgated BAT wastewater discharge rate for calciner wet
air pollution control is 22,000 liters per metric ton of mercury
condensed. This rate is based on 90 percent recycle of the water
use rate reported by the only plant with this waste stream. As
shown in Table V-5 (page 2191), the plant reported a flow of
186,000 1/kkg, which represents a 16 percent recycle rate. The
BAT rate was determined by the following formula:
(186,000 1/kkg) (1.00 - 0.90) = 22,000 1/kkg
(1.00-0.16)
Although 90 percent recycle is not demonstrated for this waste
stream, the Agency believes it is achievable.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
In .implementing the terms of the Consent Agreement in NRDC v.
Train, Op. Cit., and 33 U.S.C,cl314(b)(2)(A and B) (1976), the
Agency placed particular emphasis on the toxic pollutants. The
raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and the
subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain pollutant
parameters for consideration for limitation. This examination
and evaluation, presented in Section VI, concluded that 10
pollutants are present in primary precious metals and mercury
wastewaters at concentrations than can be effectively reduced by
identified treatment technologies (refer to Section VI).
The high cost associated with analysis for toxic metal pollutants
has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for regulating
and monitoring toxic pollutant discharges from the nonferrous
metals manufacturing category. Rather than developing specific
effluent mass limitations and standards for each of the toxic
metals found in treatable concentrations in the raw wastewaters
from a given'subcategory, the Agency is promulgating effluent
mass limitations only for those pollutants generated in the
greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal analysis.
The pollutants selected for specific limitation are listed below:
122. lead
123, mercury
126. silver
128. zinc
gold
By establishing limitations and standards for certain toxic metal
pollutants, dischargers will attain the same degree of control
over the other toxic metal pollutants as they would have been
required to achieve had all the priority metal pollutants been
directly limited.
2253
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
This approach is technically justified since the treatment
effectiveness concentrations used for chemical precipitation and
sedimentation technology are based on optimized treatment for
concomitant multiple metals removal. Thus, even though metals
have somewhat different theoretical solubilities, they will be
removed at very nearly the same rate in a chemical precipitation
and sedimentation treatment system operated for multiple metals
removal. Filtration as part of the technology basis is likewise
justified because this technology removes metals non-
preferentially.
The toxic metal pollutants selected for specific limitation in
the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory to control
the discharges of other toxic metal pollutants are lead, mercury,
silver, and zinc.
Gold is selected for limitation in this subcategory because the
methods used to control lead, mercury, silver and zinc are not
effective in controlling the discharge of gold.
The following priority pollutants are excluded from limitation on
the basis that they are effectively controlled by the limitations
developed for lead, mercury, silver, zinc and gold.
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
124. nickel
127. thallium
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The concentrations achievable by application of the BAT
technology (Option C) are discussed in Section VII of this
supplement. These treatment effectiveness concentrations (both
one-day maximum and monthly average) are multiplied by the BAT
normalized discharge flows summarized in Table X-4 (page 2258) to
calculate the mass of pollutants allowed to be discharged per
mass of product. The results of these calculations in milligrams
of pollutant per troy ounce or kilogram of product represent the
promulgated BAT effluent limitations for the primary precious
metals and mercury subcategory. BAT effluent limitations based
on Option C (oil skimming, chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
in-process flow reduction, ion exchange and multimedia
filtration) are presented in Table X-5 (page 2259).
2254
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-l
CURRENT RECYCLE PRACTICES WITHIN THE PRIMARY
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Number
Number of of Plants Range
Plants With Practicing of Recycle
Wastewater Recycle Values (%)
Smelter wet air pollution 3 3 76-100
control
Electrolytic cells wet 10 0
air pollution control
Electrolyte preparation 10 0
wet air pollution
control
Calciner wet air pollution 1 1 16
control
2255
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
TABLE X-2
CURRENT RECYCLE PRACTICES WITHIN THE PRIMARY
PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Number of
Plants With
Wastewater
Number
of Plants
Practicing
Recycle
Smelter wet air
pollution control
Range
of Recycle
Values (%)
76 - 100
Electrolytic Cells Wet
Air Pollution Control
Electrolytic Preparation
Wet Air Pollution Control
0
Calciner Wet Air
Pollution Control
16
2256
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
. TABLE X-3
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
Proposal Costs Promulgation Costs
Capital Annual Capital Annual
Option Cost Cost Cost Cost
A
8
C
27,500
27,500
30,000
9,000
9.000
10,000
2,200
2,200
3,025
26,800
26,800
27,300
2257
-------
TABL3 X-4
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
50
H
KJ
KJ
in
00
Waste Stream
1. Smelter wet air pollution
control
2. Silver chloride reduction
spent solution
3. Electrolytic cells wet air
pollution control
4. Electrolyte preparation
wet air pollution control
5. Calclner wet air pollution
control
6. Calcine quench water
7. Calclner stack gas contact
cooling water
8. Condenser blowdown
9. Mercury cleaning bath water
NSPS Discharge Rate
(1/T.O.(gal/T.O.
or 1/kkg) or gal/kkg)
PNP
1.3
0.4
19.8
0.05
22,000
17,600
4,150
13,800
1,400
0.343 troy ounce of gold and silver
smelted
0.11 troy ounce of silver reduced
In solution
5.23 troy ounce of gold refined
electrolytically
0.013 troy ounce of silver in elec-
trolyte produced
5,812
4,650
1,096
3,646
370
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
50
W
O
H
O
W
1-3
>
tr«
W
S
w
50
a
G
c
to
I
M
Q
O
w
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(a) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
(b) Silver Chloride
and silver smelted
1.807
0.260
0.481
1.664
0.364
0.195
0.715
0.377
1.820
1.326
0.130
Reduction Spent Solution
0.806
0.104
0.195
0.793
0.169
0.078
0.481
0.156
0.793
0.546
— — —
BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*S ilyer
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
silver reduced in solution
0.556
0.080
0.148
0.512
0.112
0.060
0.220
0.116
0.560
0.408
0.040
0.248
0.032
0.060
0.244
0.052
0.024
0.148
0.048
0.244
0.168
_••«•
*Regulated Pollutant
2259
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver refined electrolytically
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
27.520
3.960
7.326
25.340
5.544
2.970
10.890
5.742
27.720
20.200
1.980
12.280
1.584
2.970
12.080
2.574
i.ies
7.326
2.376
12.080
8.316
mm <*•. «•»
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
0.070
0.010
0.019
0.064
0.014
0.008
0.028
0.015
0.070
0.051
0.005
0.031
0.004
0.008
0.031
0.007
0.003
0.019
0.006
0.031
0.021
*""""""""' """"
*Regulated Pollutant
2260
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
30.580
4.400
8.140
28.160
6.160
3.300
12.100
6.380
30.800
22.440
2.200
13.640
1.760
3.300
13.420
2.860
1.320
8.140
2.640
13.420
9.240
~m-*****
(f) Calciner Quench Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
(Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
24.460
3.520 ,
6.512
22.530
4.928
2.640
9.680
5.104
24.640
17.950
1.760
10.910
1.408
2.640
10.740
2.288
1.056
6.512
2.112
10.740
7.392
""""""""' ***"
*Regulated Pollutant
2261
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(g) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
5.769
0.830
1.536
5.312
1.162
0.623
2.283
1.204
5.810
4.233
0.415
2.573
0.332
0.623
2.532
0.540
0.249
1.536
0.498
2.532
1.743
__»
(h) Condenser Slowdown BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
19.180
2.760
5.106
17.660
3.864
2.070
7.590
4.002
19.320
14.080
1.380
8.556
1.104
2.070
8.418
1.794
0.828
5.106
1.656
8.418
5.796
__ _
*Regulated Pollutant
2262
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE x-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 1.946 0.868
Cadmium 0.280 0.112
Chromium 0.518 0.210
Copper 1.792 0.854
*Lead 0.392 0.182
*Mercury 0.210 0.084
Nickel 0.770 0.518
*Silver 0.406 0.168
Thallium 1.960 0.854
*Zinc 1.428 0.588
*Gold 0.140 —
*Regulated Pollutant
2263
-------
H
K
Smelter »*t air pollution control ^
Star Chloride Deduction Sp«nt Solution
Qcctrolytlc C«!lt wet olr pollution control _
Electrolyte Preparation wit air pollution control _
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N)
N)
ife. . Cold Slimes Acid Wash and Rinse Water
Calclner wet air pollution control
Calcine Quench Water _
Calcine Stack Gae Contact Cooling Water __
Condeneer Slowdown __
Uercury Cleaning Bath Water ^
/ / /
y / /\L
on
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1
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FIGURE X-l BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION A
-------
U1
Electrolytic Cellt Wet Mr Pollution Control
ftb
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SmsRw vet air pollution control ^
'•— r — ' ' • • •" " ft*
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FIGURE X-2 BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION B
-------
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l-lactrofytic Callt W*t Mr Pollution Control
Recycle •<*—
Smelter met air pollution control _
m
Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution __
Etactrotyttc Cdli w*t air pollution control _
Silver Crystal Waih Water ^
ro
to
a\
Calciner mt air pollution control
Gold Slime* Add .Waih and Rime Water
Calcine Quench Water __
Calcine Stack Go* Contact Cooling Water _
Condansar Slowdown _
Uercury Cleaning Bath Water _
V
Hotdlng
^ / />
=
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* Summing ~
|
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===
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s
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» Equoffnrtten t. <*«"'
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
This section describes the technologies for treatment of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for regulated pollutants for NSPS in the primary precious metals
and mercury subcategory, based on the selected treatment
technology. The basis for new source performance standards (NSPS)
is the best available demonstrated technology (BDT). New plants
have the opportunity to design the best and most efficient
production processes and wastewater treatment technologies
without facing the added costs and restrictions encountered in
retrofitting an existing plant. Therefore, EPA has considered
the best demonstrated process changes, in-plant controls, and
end-of-pipe treatment technologies which reduce pollution to the
maximum extent feasible.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
New source performance standards are equivalent to the best
available technology (BAT) selected for currently existing
primary precious metals and mercury plants. This result is a
consequence of careful review by the Agency of a wide range of
technical options for new source treatment systems which is
discussed in Section XI of Vol. I. Additionally, there was
nothing found to indicate that the wastewater flows and
characteristics of new plants would not be similar to those from
existing plants, since the processes used by new sources are not
expected to differ from those used at existing sources.
Consequently, BAT production normalized discharge rates, which
are based on the best existing practices of the subcategory, can
also be applied to new sources. These rates are presented in
Table XI-1 (page 2270).
Treatment technologies considered for the NSPS options are
identical to the treatment technologies considered for the BAT
options. These options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment with oil skimming (where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange
OPTION B
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o in-process flow reduction of electrolytic cells and
o Calciner scrubber liquor
2267
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
o Ion exchange
OPTION C
o Preliminary treatment with oil skimming (where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction of electrolytic cells and
calciner scrubber liquor
o Multimedia filtration
o Ion exchange
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed that the best available demonstrated technology for
the primary precious metals and mercury subcategory be equivalent
to Option C (oil skimming preliminary treatment, flow reduction,
chemical precipitation and sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration).
The wastewater flow rates for NSPS were the same as the proposed
BAT flow rates. Flow reduction measures for NSPS beyond the
allowances for BAT were not considered feasible as no new
demonstrated technologies existed within the subcategory.
Therefore, SPA concluded that flow reduction beyond the
allowances proposed for BAT were unachievable, and proposed NSPS
flow rates should be equal to those for BAT.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating best available technology for the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory equivalent to Option C
(oil skimming preliminary treatment, flow reduction, chemical
precipitation and sedimentation, ion exchange and multimedia
filtration).
The wastewater flow rates for NSPS are the same as the BAT flow
rates. The Agency does not believe that new plants could achieve
any flow reduction beyond the allowances promulgated for BAT.
Because NSPS is equal to BAT, the promulgated NSPS will not have
a detrimental impact on the entry of new plants into this
subcategory.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be found in treatable concentrations in processes within new
sources will be any different than with existing sources.
Accordingly, pollutants and pollutant parameters selected for
limitation under NSPS, in accordance with the rationale of
Sections VI and X, are identical to those selected for BAT. The
conventional pollutant parameters oil and grease, TSS, and pH are
also selected for limitation.
2268
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source are the same
as the discharge rates for BAT and are shown in Table Xl-1 (page
2270). The mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass
of product is calculated by multiplying the appropriate treatable
concentration (mg/1) by the production normalized wastewater
discharge flows (1/T.O. or 1/kkg). The results of these
calculations are the production-based new source performance
standards. These standards are presented in Tables Xi-2 (page
2271 - 2273).
2269
-------
Table XI-1
o
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
NSPS Discharge Rate
1 .
2.
3.
4'
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Waste Stream
Smelter wet air pollution
control
Silver chloride reduction
spent solution
Electrolytic cells wet air
pollution control
Electrolyte preparation
wet air pollution control
Calclner wet air pollution
control
Calcine quench water
Calciner stack gas contact
cooling water
Condenser blowdown
Mercury cleaning bath water
(1/T.O.
or 1/kkg)
1.3
0.4
19.8
0.05
22,000
17,600
4,150
13,800
1 ,400
(gal/T.O.
or gal/kkg)
0.343
0.11
5.23
0.013
5,812
4,650
1 ,096
3,646
370
PNP
0.343 troy ounce of gold and silver
smelted
0.11 troy ounce of silver reduced
in solution
5.23 troy ounce of gold refined
electrolytically
0.013 troy ounce of silver in elec-
trolyte produced
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
50
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-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(a) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted
Arsenic 1.807 0.806
Cadmium 0.260 0.104
Chromium 0.481 0.195
Copper 1.664 0.793
*Lead 0.364 0.169
*Mercury 0.195 0.078
Nickel 0.715 0.481
*Silver 0.377 0.156
Thallium 1.820 0.793
*Zinc 1.326 0.546
*Gold 0.130
*Oil and Grease 13.000 13.000
*TSS 19.500 15.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Silver Chloride Reduction Spent Solution NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver reduced in solution
Arsenic 0.556 0.248
Cadmium 0.080 0.032
Chromium 0.148 0.060
Copper 0.512 0.244
*Lead 0.112 0.052
*Mercury 0.060 0.024
Nickel . 0.220 0.148
*Silver 0.116 0.048
Thallium 0.560 0.244
*Zinc 0.408 0.168
*Gold 0.040
*Oil and Grease 4.000 4.000
*TSS 6.000 4.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2271
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(c) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver refined electrolytically
Arsenic 27.520 12.280
Cadmium 3.960 1.584
Chromium 7.326 2.970
Copper 25.340 12.080
*Lead 5.544 2.574
*Mercury 2.970 1.188
Nickel 10.890 7.326
*Silver 5.742 2.376
Thallium 27.720 12.080
*Zinc 20.200 8.316
*Gold 1.980
*Oil and Grease 198.000 198.000
*TSS 297.000 237.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte, produced
Arsenic 0.070 0.031
Cadmium 0.010 0.004
Chromium 0.019 0.008
Copper 0.064 0.031
*Lead 0.014 0.007
*Mercury 0.008 0.003
Nickel 0.028 0.019
*Silver 0.015 0.006
Thallium 0.070 0.031
*Zinc 0.051 0.021
*Gold 0.005
*Oil and Grease 0.500 0.500
*TSS 0.750 0.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2272
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 30.580 13.640
Cadmium 4.400 1.760
Chromium 8.140 3.300
Copper 28.160 13.420
*Lead 6.160 2.860
*Mercury 3.300 1.320
Nickel 12.100 8.140
*Silver 6 380 2.640
Thallium 30.800 13.420
*Zinc 22.440 9.240
*Gold 2.200
*Oil and Grease 220.000 220.000
*TSS 330.000 264.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Calcine Quench Water NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 24.460 10.910
Cadmium 3.520 1.408
Chromium 6.512 2.640
Copper 22.530 10.740
*Lead 4.928 2.288
*Mercury 2.640 1.056
Nickel 9.680 6.512
*Silver 5.104 2.112
Thallium 24.640 10.740
*Zinc • 17.950 7.392
*Gold 1.760
*Oil and Grease 176.000 176.000
*TSS 264.000 211.200
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2273
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(g) Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 5.769 2.573
Cadmium 0.830 0.332
Chromium 1.536 0.623
Copper 5.312 2.532
*Lead 1.162 0.540
*Mercury 0.623 0.249
Nickel 2.283 1.536
*Silver 1.204 0.498
Thallium 5.810 2.532
*Zinc 4.233 1.743
*Gold 0.415
*Oil and Grease 41.500 41.500
*TSS 62.250 49.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Condenser Slowdown NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 19.180 8.556
Cadmium 2.760 1.104
Chromium 5.106 2.070
Copper 17.660 8.418
*Lead 3.864 1.794
*Mercury 2.070 .828
Nickel 7.590 5.106
*Silver 4.002 1.656
Thallium 19.320 8.418
*Zinc 14.080 5.796
*Gold 1.380
*Oil and Grease 138.000 138.000
*TSS 207.000 165.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2274
-------
PRIMARYPRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic 1.946 0.868
Cadmium 0.280 0.112
Chromium 0.518 0.210
Copper 1.792 0.854
*Lead 0.392 0.182
*Mercury 0.210 0.084
Nickel 0.770 0.518
*Silver 0.406 0.168
Thallium 1.960 0.854
*Zinc 1.428 0.588
*Gold 0.140
*Oil and Grease 14.000 14.000
*TSS 21.000 16.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2275
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2276
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY -SECT - XII
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from new sources in the
primary precious metals and mercury subcategory. Pretreatment
standards are designed to prevent the discharge of pollutants
which pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible
with the operation of publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The
Clean Water Act requires pretreatment for pollutants, such as
toxic metals, that limit POTW sludge management alternatives.
New indirect discharge facilities, like new direct discharge
facilities, have the opportunity to incorporate the best
available demonstrated technologies, including process changes,
in-plant controls, and end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and to
use plant site selection to ensure adequate treatment system
installation. Pretreatment standards are to be technology based,
analogous to the best available or demonstrated technology for
removal of toxic pollutants.
Pretreatment standards for regulated pollutants are presented
based on the selected control and treatment technology. EPA is
not promulgating pretreatment standards for existing sources in
this subcategory because no indirect dischargers exist.
Moreover, EPA is promulgating pretreatment standards for new
sources because plants may be constructed in the future which may
discharge to a POTW.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
Before proposing and promulgating pretreatment standards, the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen sludge disposal practices. In determining whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving secondary
treatment, the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable. A
pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the average
percentage removed nationwide by well-operated POTW meeting
secondary treatment requirements, is less than the percentage
removed by direct dischargers complying with BAT effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant. (See generally, 46 PR
at 9415-16 (January 28, 1981)).
2277
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
This definition of pass through satisfies two competing
objectives set by Congress: (1) that standards for indirect
dischargers be equivalent to standards for direct dischargers
while at the same time, (2) that the treatment capability and
performance of the POTW be recognized and taken into account in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The Agency compares percentage removal rather than the mass or
concentration of pollutants discharged because the latter would
not take into account the mass of pollutants discharged to the
POTW from non-industrial sources or the dilution of the
pollutants in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
Options for pretreatment of wastewaters from new sources are
based on increasing the effectiveness of end-of-pipe treatment
technologies. All in-plant changes and applicable end-of-pipe
treatment processes have been discussed previously in Sections X
and XI. The options for PSNS are the same as the BAT and NSPS
options discussed in Sections X and XI, respectively.
A description of each option is presented in Sections X and XI,
while a more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled
by each- treatment process is presented in Section VII of the
General Development Document.
Treatment technologies considered for the PSNS options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment with oil skimming (where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange
OPTION B
o Preliminary treatment with oil skimming (where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction of electrolytic cells and
calciner scrubber liquor
o Ion exchange
OPTION C
o Preliminary treatment with oil skimming (where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction of electrolytic cells and
calciner scrubber liquor
o Multimedia filtration
o Ion exchange
2278
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed that the technology basis of the pretreatment
standards for new sources In the primary precious metals and
mercury subcategory be equivalent to Option C (in-process flow
reduction, oil skimming, chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and multimedia filtration).
The wastewater discharge rates for PSNS were equivalent to the
proposed BAT discharge rates. No flow reduction measures for
PSNS were considered feasible beyond the recycle proposed for
BAT.
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA has selected Option C (oil skimming, flow reduction, chemical
precipitation and sedimentation, ion exchange and multimedia
filtration) as the regulatory approach for pretreatment standards
for new sources (PSNS). It is necessary to promulgate PSNS to
prevent pass-through of lead, mercury, silver, and zinc. These
toxic pollutants are removed by a well-operated POTW at an
average of 62 percent, while BAT technology removes approximately
93 percent.
The wastewater discharge rates for promulgated PSNS are identical
to the promulgated BAT discharge rates for each waste stream. The
PSNS discharge rates are shown in Table XII-1 (page 2280). EPA
does not believe that new plants could achieve flow reduction
beyond the allowances promulgated for BAT.
We believe that the promulgated PSNS are achievable, and that
they are not a barrier to entry of new plants into this
subcategory.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Pollutants selected for limitation, in accordance with the
rationale of Sections VI and X, are identical to those selected
for limitation for BAT. It is necessary to promulgate PSNS to
prevent the pass-through of lead, mercury, silver, and zinc.
PRETRSATMENT STANDARDS
Pretreatment standards are based on the treatable concentrations
from the selected treatment technology, (Option C), and the
discharge rates determined in Sections X and XI for BAT and NSPS,
respectively. These discharge rates are presented in Table XII-1
(page 2280). A mass of pollutant per mass of product (mg/troy
ounce or mg/kilogram) allocation is given for each subdivision
within the subcategory. This pollutant allocation is based on
the product of the treatable concentration from the promulgated
treatment (mg/1) and the production normalized wastewater
discharge rate (1/troy ounce or 1/kkg). The achievable treatment
concentrations for BAT are identical to those for PSNS. PSNS are
presented in Table X-II-2 (page 2281).
2279
-------
Table XII-1
PSNS MASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
to
to
00
o
Waste Stream
1 . Smelter wet air pollution
control
2. Silver chloride reduction
spent solution
3. Electrolytic cells wet air
pollution control
4. Electrolyte preparation
wet air pollution control
5. Calciner wet air pollution
control
6. Calcine quench water
7. Calciner stack gas contact
cooling water
8. Condenser blowdown
9. Mercury cleaning bath water
PSNS Discharge Rate
(1/T.O.
or 1/kkg)
1.3
0.4
1-9.8
0.05
22,000
17,600
4,150
13,800
1,400
(gal/T.O.
or gal/kkg)
PNP
troy ounce of gold and silver
smelted
troy ounce of gold reduced in
solution
troy ounce of gold refined
electrolytically
troy ounce of gold in elec-
trolyte produced
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
kkg of mercury condensed
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PRIMARY PRECIOUS MEfALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-2
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(a) Smelter Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold and silver smelted
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
(b) Silver
1.807
0.260
0.481
1.664
0.364
0.195
0.715
0.377
1.820
1.326
0.130
Chloride Reduction Spent Solution
0.806
0.104
0.195
0.793
0.169
0.078
0.481
0.156
0.793
0.546
*"""""*™
PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
reduced in solution
0.556
0.080
0.148
0.512
0.112
0,060
0.220
0.116
0.560
0.408
0.040
0.248
0.032
0.060
0.244
0.052
0.024
0.148
0.048
0.244
0.168
••• mm turn
*Regulated Pollutant
2281
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-2 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(°) Electrolytic Cells Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver refined electrolytically
Arsenic 27.520 12.280
Cadmium 3.960 1.584
Chromium 7.326 2.970
Copper 25.340 12.080
*Lead 5.544 2.574
*Mercury 2.970 1.188
Nickel 10.890 7.326
*Silver 5.742 2.376
Thallium 27.720 12.080
*Zinc 20.200 8.316
*Gold' 1.980 —
(d) Electrolyte Preparation Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for, Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of silver in electrolyte produced
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
0.070
0.010
0.019
0.064
0.014
0.008
0.028
0.015
0.070
0.051
0.005
0.031
0.004
0.008
0.031
0.007
0.003
0.019
0.006
0.031
0.021
*""*• -™
*Regulated Pollutant
2282
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS MBTAIiS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-2 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(e) Calciner Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*iilver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
(f) Calcine Quench Water
mercury condensed
30.580
4.400
8.140
28.160
6.160
3.300
12.100
6.380
30.800
22.440
2.200
PSNS
13.640
1.760
3.300
13.420
2.860
1.320
8.140
2.640
13.420
9.240
"""*"""*"
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
nig/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
of mercury condensed
24.460
3.520
6.512
22.530
4.928 s
2.640
9.680
5.104
24.640
17.950
1.760
10.910
1.408
2.640
10.740
2.288
1.056
6.512
2.112
10.740
7.392
•MM. — W «Mt»
*Regulated Pollutant
2283
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SOBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-2 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Calciner Stack Gas Contact Cooling Water PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximumfor
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
(h) Condenser Slowdown
of mercury condensed
5.769
0.830
1.536
5.312
1.162
0.623
2.283
1.204
5.810
4.233
0.415
PSNS
2.573
0.332
0.623
2.532
0.540
0.249
1.536
0.498
2.532
1.743
•*•"«•""•"
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*zinc
*Gold
of mercury condensed
19.180
2.760
5.106
17.660
3.864
2.070
7.590
4.002
19.320
14.080
1.380
8.556
1.104
2.070
8.418
1.794
0.828
5.106
1.656
8.418
5.796
*"""***"*
*Regulated Pollutant
2284
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLfe XI1-2 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS
AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(i) Mercury Cleaning Bath Water
Pollutant or~Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property . any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury condensed
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
*Mercury
Nickel
*Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Gold
1.946
0.280
0.518
1.792
0.392
0.210
0.770
0.406
1.960
1.428
0.140
0.868
0.112
0.210
0.854
0.182
0.084
0.518
0.168
0.854
0.588
•»_«.
*Regulated Pollutant
2285
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2286
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) for the primary precious metals and mercury
subcategory at this time.
2287
-------
PRIMARY PRECIOUS METALS AND MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2288
-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
for the
Secondary Precious Metals Subcategory
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Rebecca Hanmer
Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
2289
-------
2290
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
I SUMMARY
II CONCLUSIONS
III SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
Description of Secondary Precious Metals
Production
Raw Materials 2333
Raw Material Preparation Steps 2333
Incineration and Smelting 2334
Raw Material Granulation 2334
Stripping With Cyanide Solutions 2334
Recovery From Spent Plating Solutions 2335
Other Preliminary Treatment Steps 2335
Refining Steps 2335
Hydrometallurgical Processing 2335
Solvent Extraction 2337
Further Processing 2337
Process Wastewater Sources 2337
Other Wastewater Sources 2338
Age, Production and Process Profile 2338
IV SUBCATEGORIZATION 2347
Factors Considered in Subdividing the Primary 2347
Precious Metals Subcategory
Other Factors 2348
Production Normalizing Parameters 2349
V WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 2351
Wastewater Flow Rates 2352
Wastewater Characterization Data 2353
Data Collection Portfolios 2353
Field Sampling Data 2354
Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by 2355
Subdivision
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2355
Raw Material Granulation 2355
Spent Plating Solutions 2356
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions , 2356
Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control 2356
Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water 2357
Gold Spent Electrolyte 2357
Gold Precipitation and Filtration 2357
2291
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
Platinum Precipitation and Filtration 2358
Palladium Precipitation and Filtration 2358
Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and 2358
Filtration
Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production 2358
Equipment and Floor Wash 2359
Preliminary Treatment 2359
VI SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS 2507
Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant 2507
Parameters
Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant 2507
Parameters Selected
Toxic Priority Pollutants 2509
Priority Pollutants Never Detected 2507
Priority Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 2507
Achievable by Treatment
Priority Pollutants Never Found Above Their 2507
Analytical Quantification Limit
Priority Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 2507
Achievable by Treatment
Priority Pollutants Detected in a Small Number 2510
of Sources
Priority Pollutants Selected for Further 2511
Consideration in Limitations and Standards
VII CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 2521
Current Control and Treatment Practices 2521
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2521
Raw Material Granulation 2522
Spent Plating Solutions 2522
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions 2522
Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control 2523
Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water 2523
Gold Spent Electrolyte 2523
Gold Precipitation and Filtration 2524
Platinum Precipitation and Filtration 2524
Palladium Precipitation and Filtration 2524
Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and 2525
Filtration
Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production 2525
, Equipment and Floor Wash 2525
Preliminary Treatment 2525
Spent Plating Solution 2525
Control and Treatment Options Considered 2526
Option A 2526
Option B 2526
Option C 2526
2292
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Section
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
VIII
IX
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS 2529
Treatment Options for Existing Sources 2529
Option A 2529
Option B 2529
Option C 2529
Cost Methodology 2530
Nonwater Quality Aspects 2531
Energy Requirements 2531
Solid Waste 2531
Air Pollution 2531
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY 2535
AVAILABLE
Technical Approach to BPT 2535
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2537
BPT Option Selection 2537
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2540
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2540
Raw Material Granulation 2540
Spent Plating Solutions 2541
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions 2541
Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control 2541
Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water 2541
Gold Spent Electrolyte 2541
Gold Precipitation and Filtration 2541
Platinum Precipitation and Filtration 2541
Palladium Precipitation and Filtration 2542
Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and 2542
Filtration
Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production 2542
Equipment and Floor Wash 2542
Preliminary Treatment 2542
Spent Plating Solution 2542
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2542
Effluent Limitations 2543
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY 2563
ACHIEVABLE
Technical Approach to BAT 2563
Option A 2564
Option B 2564
Recycle of Water Used in Air Pollution Control 2565
Recycle of Water Used for Raw Material 2566
Granulation
Option C 2566
2293
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)
Section . Page
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2566
Pollutant Removal Estimates 2566
Compliance Costs 2567
BAT Option Selection - Proposal 2567
BAT Option Selection - Promulgation 2568
Final Amendments to the Regulation 2569
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2569
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2569
Raw Material Granulation 2569
Spent Plating Solutions
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions
Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control 2570
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2570
Effluent Limitations 2571
XI NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2395
Technical Approach to NSPS 2395
NSPS Option Selection - Proposal 2596
NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation 2596
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2597
New Source Performance Standards 2597
XII PRETREATMENT STANDARDS 2615
Technical Approach to Pretreatment 2615
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2615
Pretreatment Standards for Existing and 2616
New Sources
PS1S Option Selection 2617
PSNS Option Selection 2617
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2618
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources 2618
XIII BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 2651
2294
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
III-l Initial Operating Year (Range) Summary of 2340
Plants in the Secondary Precious Metals
Subcategory, By Discharge Type
III-2 Production Ranges for the Secondary Precious 2341
Metals Subcategory During 1982
III-3 Summary of Secondary Precious Metals 2342
Subcategory and Associated Waste Streams
V-l Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2360
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
V-2 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2361
Raw Material Granulation
V-3 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2362
Spent Plating Solutions
V-4 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2363
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions
V-5 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2364
Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control
V-6 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2366
Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water
V-7 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2366
Gold Spent Electrolyte
V-8 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2367
Gold Precipitation and Filtration
V-9 Water Use and Discharge Rate for , 2369
Platinum Precipitation and Filtration
V-10 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2370
Palladium Precipitation and Filtration
V-ll Water Use and Discharge Rate for Other Platinum 2371
Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration
V-12 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2371
Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production
2295
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Title
V-13 Water Use and Discharge Rate for 2372
Equipment and Floor Wash
V—14 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data Furnace 2373
Wet Air Pollution Control Raw Wastewater
¥-15 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2389
Spent Plating Solution Raw Wastewater
¥-16 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data Spent 2399
Cyanide Stripping Solution Raw Wastewater
V-17 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data Refinery 2402
Wet Air Pollution Control Raw Wastewater
V-18 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data Gold 2422
Precipitation and Filtration Raw Wastewater
V-19 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2426
Platinum Precipitation and Filtration
Raw Wastewater
¥-20 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data Spent 2433
Solution from PGC Salt Production Raw Wastewater
¥-21 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2436
Equipment and Floor Wash Raw Wastewater
¥-22 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2440
Cementation Tank Effluent
V-23 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2460
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant A
V-24" Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2471
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant B
¥-25 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2484
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant C
¥-26 Secondary Precious Metals Sampling Data 2497
Casting Contact Cooling Water
¥1-1 Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants . 2514
Secondary Precious Metals Subcategory
Raw Wastewater
¥1-2 Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 2518
2296
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Page
VTII-1 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Precious 2534
Metals Subcategory Direct Dischargers
VIII-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Precious 2534
Metals Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
IX-1 BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Secondary 2546
Precious Metals Subcategory
IX-2 BPT Mass Limitations for the Secondary Precious 2548
Metals Subcategory
X-l Current Recycle Practices Within the Secondary 2573
Precious Metals Subcategory
X-2 Pollutant Removal Estimates for Direct 2574
Dischargers
X-3 Cost of Compliance for Direct Dischargers in the 2575
Secondary precious Metals Subcategory
X-4 BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Secondary 2576
Precious Metals Subcategory
X-5 BAT Mass Limitations for the Secondary Precious 2578
Metals Subcategory
XI-1 NSPS Wastewater Discharge Hates for the 2599
Secondary Precious Metals Subcategory
XI-2 NSPS for the Secondary Precious Metals 2600
Subcategory
XII-1 Pollutant Removal Estimates for Indirect 2619
Dischargers
XII-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Precious 2620
Metals Subcategory
XII-3 PSES and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 2621
Secondary Precious Metals Subcategory
XII-4 PSES for the Secondary Precious Metals 2623
Subcategory
XII-5 PSNS for the Secondary Precious Metals 2637
Subcategory
2297
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
LIST OP FIGURES
Figure Title
III-l Raw Material Preparation, Secondary Precious 2343
Metals Production Processes
III-2 Refining Steps, Secondary Precious Metals 2344
Production Processes
III-3 Geographic Locations of the Secondary Precious 2345
Metals Industry
V-l Sampling Sites at Secondary Precious Metals 2501
Plant A
V-2 Sampling Sites at Secondary Precious Metals 2502
Plant B
V-3 Sampling Sites at Secondary Precious Metals 2503
Plant C
V-4 Sampling Sites at Secondary Precious Metals 2534
Plant D
V-5 Sampling Sites at Secondary Precious Metals 2505
Plant E
IX-1 BPT Treatment Scheme for the Secondary Precious 2562
Metals Subcategory
X-l BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A 2592
X-2 BAT Treatment Scheme for Option B 2593
X-3 BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C 2594
2298
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
SECTION I
SUMMARY
This document provides the technical basis for promulgating
effluent limitations based on best practicable technology (BPT)
and best available technology (BAT) for existing direct
dischargers, pretreatment standards for existing indirect
dischargers (PSES), pretreatment standards for new indirect
dischargers (PSNS), and standards of performance for new source
direct dischargers (NSPS).
After promulgation of the second phase of the nonferrous metals
manufacturing regulation, petitioners asked the Courts to review
the final rule. After reviewing the petitioners complaints, the
Agency and petitioners developed a settlement agreement
resolving the complaints raised about the secondary precious
metals subcategory. In this agreement, the Agency agreed to
propose certain changes to the regulation of this subcategory.
These amendments were published proposed on April 28, 1989 (54 FR
18412). Details of these amendments are found at that reference
and the proposed changes have been incorporated into this
document.
The secondary precious metals subcategory is comprised of 49
plants. Of the 49 plants, four discharge directly to rivers,
lakes, or streams; 30 discharge to publicly owned treatment works
(POTW); and 15 achieve zero discharge of process wastewater.
EPA first studied the secondary precious metals subcategory to
determine whether differences in raw materials, final products,
manufacturing processes, equipment, age and size of plants, or
water usage, required the development of separate effluent
limitations and standards for different segments of the
subcategory. This involved a detailed analysis of wastewater
discharge and treated effluent characteristics, including the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the constituents
of wastewaters, including toxic pollutants. As a result, 14
subdivisions or building blocks have been identified for this
subcategory that warrant separate effluent limitations. These
include:
1. Furnace wet air pollution control,
2. Raw material granulation,
3. Spent plating solutions,
4. Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
5. Refinery wet air pollution control,
6. Gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water,
7. Gold spent electrolyte,
8. Gold precipitation and filtration,
9. Platinum precipitation and filtration,
10. Palladium precipitation and filtration,
2299
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY. SECT - I
11. Other platinum group metals (PGM) precipitation and
filtrationf
12. Spent solution from PGC salt production,
13. Equipment and floor wash, and
14. Preliminary treatment.
Several distinct control and treatment technologies (both in-
plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to the secondary precious
metals subcategory were identified. The Agency analyzed both
historical and newly generated data on the performance of these
technologies, including their nonwater quality environmental
impacts and air quality, solid waste generation, and energy
requirements. EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp) and plant
visits.
Engineering costs were prepared for each of the control and
treatment options considered for the subcategory. These costs
were then used by the Agency to estimate the impact of
implementing the various options on the subcategory. For each
control and treatment option that the Agency found to be most
effective and technically feasible in controlling the discharge
of pollutants, the number of potential closures, number of
employees affected, and impact on price were estimated. These
results are reported in a separate document entitled "The
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations and Standards
for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
has identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology. Metals removal based on chemical precipitation and
sedimentation technology is the basis for the BPT limitations.
Steam stripping was selected as the technology basis for ammonia
limitations. Cyanide precipitation was selected as the
technology basis for cyanide limitations. Ion exchange was
selected as the basis for gold, platinum and palladium
limitations. To meet the BPT effluent limitations based on this
technology, the secondary precious metals subcategory is expected
to incur a capital and annual cost. These costs cannot be
disclosed because the data on which they are based have been
claimed to be confidential.
For BAT, the Agency has built upon the BPT technology basis by
adding in—process control technologies which include recycle of
process water from air pollution control waste streams and
recycle of raw material granulation water. Filtration is added
as an effluent polishing step to the end-of-pipe treatment scheme
prior to ion exchange. To meet the BAT effluent limitations
based on this technology, the secondary precious metals
subcategory is expected to incur a capital and annual cost. These
costs cannot be disclosed because publication of the costs could
reveal the data on which they are based. These data have been
claimed confidential.
NSPS is equivalent to BAT. In selecting NSPS, SPA recognizes
2300
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SU1CATEGORY SECT - I
that new plants have the opportunity to implement the best and
most efficient manufacturing processes and treatment technology.
As such, the technology basis of BAT has been determined as the
best demonstrated technology.
The technology basis for PSES is equivalent to BAT. To meet the
pretreatment standards for existing sources, the secondary
precious metals subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost
of $1,809,400 and an annual cost of $1,100,500. For PSNS, the
Agency selected end-of-pipe treatment and in-process flow
reduction control techniques equivalent to NSPS.
Based on comments received after proposal, the Agency believes
that it may be necessary for some facilities to use sulfide
polishing in order to achieve the promulgated effluent
limitations because of high zinc concentrations or complexing
problems. Because the Agency believes that these situations will
be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide polishing is not
specifically included as part of the model technology on which
effluent limitations and performance standards are based. The
Agency has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants. After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing will . result in a very small (less than 5 percent)
incremental increase in wastewater treatment costs at a typical
secondary precious metals facility.
The best conventional technology (BCT) replaces BAT for the
control of. conventional pollutants. BCT is not being promulgated
because the methodology for BCT has not yet been finalized.
The mass limitations and standards for BPT, BAT, NSPS, PSES, and
PSNS are presented in Section II.
2301
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2302
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS
EPA has divided the secondary precious metals subcategory into 14
subdivisions or building blocks for the purpose of effluent
limitations and standards. These building blocks are:
1. Furnace wet air pollution control,
2. Raw material granulation,
3. Spent plating solutions,
4. Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
5. Refinery wet air pollution control,
6. Gold solvent extraction raffinate and washwater,
7. Gold spent electrolyte,
8. Gold precipitation and filtration,
9. Platinum precipitation and filtration,
10. Palladium precipitation and filtration,
11. Other platinum group metals precipitation and filtration,
12. Spent solution from PGC salt production,
13. Equipment and floor wash, and
14. Preliminary treatment.
BPT is promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle) technology, and ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment,
along with preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia steam
stripping and cyanide precipitation for selected waste
streams. The following BP.T effluent limitations are promulgated:
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
incinerated or smelted
Copper 136.400 71.800
Cyanide (total) 20.820 8.616
Zinc 104.800 43.800
Ammonia (as N) 9,571.000 4,207.000
Combined metals 21.54
Total suspended 2,944.000 1,400.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2303
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Raw Material Granulation BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of precious metal in the granulated
raw material
Copper 12.050 6.340
Cyanide (total) 1.839 0.761
Zinc 9.256 3.867
Ammonia (as N) 845.100 371.500
Combined metals 1.903 ,
Total suspended, 259.900 123.600
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
Cc) Spent Plating Solutions BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/liter of spent plating solution used as a
raw material
Copper 1.900 1.000
Cyanide (total) 0.290 .. 0.120
Zinc 1.460 : 0.610
Ammonia (as N) , 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
Total suspended 41.000 19.500
solids .
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2304
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by
cyanide stripping
Copper 7.030 3.700
Cyanide (total) 1.073 0.444
Zinc 5.402 2.257
Ammonia (as N) 493.200 216.800
Combined metals 1.110
Total suspended 151.700 72.150
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control-*- BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 39.900 21.000
Cyanide (total) 6.090 2.520
Zinc 30.660 12.810
Ammonia (as N) 2,799.000 1,231.000
Combined metals 6.300
Total suspended 861.000 409.500
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
^This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers are present in a particular facility
the same allowance applies to each.
2305
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
) Gold Solvent Extraction Raff inate and Wash Water -BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for.
Pollutant Property Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
Total suspended
solids
pH
1.197
0.183
0.920
83.980
0.189
25.830
0.630
0.076
0.38?
36.920
----
12.290
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
Gold Spent Electrolyte BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
Total suspended
solids
pH
0.017
0.003
0.013
1.160
0.003
0.357
0.009
0,001
0.005
0.510
0.170
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2306
-------
SECONDARY 'PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
Total suspended
solids
PH
at
gold precipitated
8,360
1.276
6.242
586.500
1.320
180.400
Within the
all
4.400
0.528
2.684
257.800
85.800
range of 7.5
"
to 10.0
times
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
Total suspended
solids
pH
9.880
1.508
7.592
693.200
213.200
5.200
0.624
3.172
304.700
101.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10,0
at all times
2307
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Po 1 lut an t orMaximum forMaximumfor
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Copper 11.400 6.000
Cyanide (total) 1.740 0.720
Zinc 8.760 3.660
Ammonia (as N) 799.800 351.600
Combined metals 1.800
Total suspended 246.0 117.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
Other. Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant orMaximum for'Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of other platinum group metals
precipitated
Copper 9.880 5.200
Cyanide (total) 1.508 0.624
Zinc 7.592 3.172
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 304.700
Combined metals 1.560
Total suspended 213.200 101.400
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2308
-------
1
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY . SECT - II
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production BPT
Po11utanIt"or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Copper 1.710 0,900
Cyanide (total) 0.261 0.108
Zinc 1.314 0.549
Ammonia (as N) 120.000 52.740
Combined metals 0.270
Total suspended 36.900 17.550
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 0 000 0 000
Cyanide (total) 0.000 0.000
Zinc 0.000 0.000
Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
Combined metals 0.000
Total suspended 0.000 0.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10,0
at all times
2309
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(n) Preliminary treatment BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Copper ' 95.000 50.000
Cyanide (total) 14.500 6.000
Zinc 73.000 30.500
Ammonia (as N) 6665.000 • 2930.000
Combined metals 15.000
Total suspended 2050.000 975.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BAT is promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (limer settle, and filter) technology, ion
exchange end-of-pipe treatment, and in-process flow reduction
methods, along with preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia
steam stripping and cyanide precipitation for selected waste
streams. The following BAT effluent limitations are promulgated:
(a) Furnace Wet A ir Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for'
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
incinerated or smelted
Copper 5.760 2.745
Cyanide (total) 0.900 0.360
Zinc 4.590 1.890
Ammonia (as N) 599.900 263.700
Combined metals 1.350
2310
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGdllY SECT - II
(b) Raw Material Granulation BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals in in the granulated
raw material
Copper 0.819 0.390
Cyanide (total) 0.128 0.051
Zinc 0.653 0.269
Ammonia (as N) 85.310 37.500
Combined metals 0.192
(c) Spent Plating Solutions BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/liter of spent plating solution used as a raw material
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.020 0 420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by cyanide stripping
Copper 4.736 2.257
Cyanide (total) " 0.740 0.296
Zinc 3.774 1.554
Ammonia (as N) 493.200 216.800
Combined metals 1.110
2311
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control-*- BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for '_ -
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 1 280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1 020 0.420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
•"•This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers are present in a particular facility
the same allowance applies to each.
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water
Pollutant orMaximum for'Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Copper 0.806 0.384
Cyanide (total) 0.126 0.050
Zinc 0.6?3 0.265
Ammonia (as N) 83.980 36.920
Combined metals 0,189
(9) Gold Spent Electrolyte BAT
Pollutant orMaximum for"Maximumfor
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Copper 0.011 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.002 0.001
Zinc 0.009 0.004
Ammonia (as N) 1.160 0 510
Combined metals 0.003
2312
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Copper 5.632 2.684
Cyanide (total) 0.880 0.352
Zinc 4.488 1.848
Ammonia (as N) 586.500 257.800
Combined metals 1.320
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant orMaximum for:Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Copper 6.656 3.172
Cyanide (total) 1.040 0.416
Zinc 5.304 2.184
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 304.700 Combined metals
1.560
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated ~~
Copper ' 7.680 3.660
Cyanide (total) 1.200 0.480
Zinc 6.120 2.520
Ammonia (as N) 799.800 351.600
Combined metals 1.800
2313
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -II
(k) Other Platinum Group Metals Prec ip_jL tat ion and
Filtration BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals
precipitated
Copper 6.656 3.172
Cyanide (total) 1.040 0.416
Zinc 5.304 2.184
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 304.700
Combined metals 1.560
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Copper 1.152 0.549
Cyanide (total) 0.180 0.072
Zinc 0.918 0.378
Ammonia (as N) 120.000 52.740
Combined metals 0.270
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 0.000 0.000
Cyanide (total) 0.000 0.000
Zinc 0.000 0 000
Ammonia {as N) 0.000 0.000
Combined metals 0.000
2314
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -II
(n) Preliminary treatment BAT
Pollutant or '. 'Maximum for ., Maximum for,
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
64,000
10.000
51.000
15.000
6665.000
30.500
4.000
21.000
—
2930.000
NSPS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation,- sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, set.tle, and filter) technology, ion
exchange end-of-pipe treatment, and in-process flow reduction
control methods, along with preliminary treatment,consisting of
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation for selected
waste streams. The following effluent standards are promulgated
for new sources:
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or '• Maximum for Maximum for ' •
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metalsr including silver,
incinerated or smelted
Copper 5.760 2.745
Cyanide (total) 0.900 0.360
Zinc 4.590 1.890
Ammonia (as N) 599.900 263.700
Combined metals 1.350
Total suspended 67.500 54.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2315
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Raw Material Granulation NSPS
Pollutant orMaximumforMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated
raw material
Copper 0.819 0.390
Cyanide (total) 0.128 0.051
Zinc 0.653 0.269
Ammonia (as N) 85.310 37.500
Combined metals 0.192
Total suspended 9.600 7.680
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(c) Spent Plating Solutions NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day . Monthly Average
rag/liter of spent plating solution used as a raw material
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.020 0.420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
Total suspended 15.000 12.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2316
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or ~ ~. Maximum for '. Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of gold produced by cyanide stripping
Copper 4.736 2.257
Cyanide (total) 0.740 0.296
Zinc 3.774 1.554
Ammonia (as N) 493.200 216.800
Combined metals 1.110
Total suspended 55.500 44,400
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
- at all times
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 NSPS
Pollutant or:'Maximum for:'Maximum for
Pollutant Property -Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.020 0.420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
Total suspended 15.000 12.000
solids-
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
•'•This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers are present in a particular facility
the same allowance applies to each.
2317
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SCJBCATEGORY SECT - II
(f) old Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Copper 0.806 0.384
Cyanide (total) 0.126 0.050
Zinc 0.643 0.265
Ammonia (as N) 83.980 36.920
Combined metals 0.189
Total suspended 9.450 7.560
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(9) Gold Spent Electrolyte NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Copper 0.011 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.002 0.001
Zinc 0.009 0.004
Ammonia (as N) 1.160 0.510
Combined metals 0.003
Total suspended 0.131 0.104
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2318
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Copper 5.632 2.684
Cyanide (total) 0.880 0.352
Zinc 4.488 1.848
Ammonia (as N) 586.500 257.800
Combined metals 1.320
Total suspended 66.000 52.800
soli.ds
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
Total suspended
solids
pH
6.656
1.040
5 304
693.200
1.560
78.000
Within the
3.172
0.416
2.184
304.700
62.400
range of 7.5 to
lo.o
at all times
2319
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SDBCATEGORY SECT - II
(J) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant orMaximumforMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Copper 7.680 3.660
Cyanide (total) 1.200 0.480
Zinc 6.120 2.520
Ammonia (as N) 799.800 351.60,0
Combined metals 1.800
Total suspended 90.000 72.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
CO Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and
Filtration NSPS
PollutantorMaximum forMaximumforPollutant
Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals
precipitated
Copper - 6.656 3.172
Cyanide (total) 1.040 0.416
Zinc 5.304 2.184
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 307.700
Combined metals 1.560
Total suspended 78.000 62.400
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2320
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(!) Spent Solutions from PGC Salt Production NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property £ny One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Copper 1.152 0.549
Cyanide (total) 0.180 0.072
Zinc 0.918 0.378
Ammonia (as N) 120.000 52.740
Combined metals 0.270
Total suspended 13.500 10.800
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 0.000 0.000
Cyanide (total) 0.000 0.000
Zinc 0.000 0.000
Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
Combined metals 0.000
Total suspended 0.000 0.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2321
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(n) Preliminary treatment NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for "Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Copper 64.000 30.500
Cyanide (total) 10.000 4.000
Zinc 51.000 21.000
Combined metals 15.000
Ammonia {as N) 6665.000 2930.000
Total suspended 750.000 . 600.000
solids
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
PSSS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle, and filter) technology, ion
exchange end-of-pipe treatment, and in-process flow reduction
control methods, along with preliminary treatment consisting of
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation for selected
waste streams. The following pretreatment standards are
promulgated for existing sources:
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
incinerated or smelted
Copper 5.760 2.745
Cyanide (total) 0.900 . 0.360
Zinc 4.590 1.890
Ammonia (as N) 599.900 263.700
Combined metals 1.350
2322
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Raw Material Granulation PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated
raw material
Copper 0.819 0.390
Cyanide (total) 0.128 0,051
Zinc 0.653 0.269
Ammonia (as N) 85.310 37.500
Combined metals 0.192
(c) Spent Plating Solutions PSES
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/liter of spent plating solution used as a raw material
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.020 0.42O
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by
cyanide stripping
Copper 4.736 2.257
Cyanide (total) 0.740 0.296
Zinc 3.774 1.554
Ammonia (as N) 493.200 216.800
Combined metals 1.110
2323
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.020 0.420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
•'•This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers'are present in a particular facility
the same allowance applies to each.
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water PSES
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for,
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Copper 0.806 0.384
Cyanide (total) 0.126 0.050
Zinc » 0.643 0.265
Ammonia (as N) 83.980 36.920
Combined metals 0.189
(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte PSES
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Copper 0.011 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.002 0.001
Zinc 0.009 0.004
Ammonia (as N) 1.160 0.510
Combined metals 0.003
2324
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Copper 5.632 2.684
Cyanide (total) 0.880 0.352
Zinc 4.488 1.848
Ammonia (as N) 586.500 257.800
Combined metals 1.320 ----
( i ) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
6.656
1.040
5.304
693.200
1.560
3.172
0.416
2.184
304.700
*""""""** """*^™
( j ) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Copper 7.680 3.660
Cyanide (total) 1.200 0.480
Zinc 6.120 2.520
Ammonia (as N) 799.800 351.600
Combined metals 1.800 ----
2325
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(k) Other Platinum Group; Metals Precipitation and
Filtration PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of other platinum group metals
precipitated
Copper 6.656 3.172
Cyanide (total) 1.040 0,416
Zinc 5.304 2.184
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 304.700
Combined metals 1.560
2326
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
{1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production PSES
PollutantorMaximum forMaximumforPollutant
Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
contained in
1.152
0.180
0.918
120.000
0.270
PGC product
0.549
0.072
0.378
52.740
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant ProPerty Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(n) Preliminary treatment PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Copper 64.000 30.500
Cyanide (total) 10.000 4.000
Zinc 51.000 21.000
Combined metals 15,000
Ammonia (as N) 6665.000 2930.000
2327
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
PSNS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle, and filter) technology, ion
exchange end-of-pipe treatment, and in-process flow reduction
control methods, along with preliminary treatment, consisting of
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation for selected
waste streams. The following pretreatment standards are
promulgated for new sources:
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals,including silver,
incinerated or smelted
Copper 5.760 2.745
Cyanide (total) 0.900 0.360
Zinc 4.590 1.890
Ammonia (as N) 599.900 263.700
Combined metals 1.350
(b) Raw Material Granulation PSNS
Pollutant orMaximumforMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Copper 0.819 0.390
Cyanide (total) 0.128 0.051
Zinc 0.654 0.269
Ammonia (as N) 85.310 37.500
Combined metals 0.192
2328
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Spent Plating Solutions PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/liter of spent plating solution used as a
raw material
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.020 0.420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300 ----
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solution's PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by
cyanide stripping
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Combined metals
4.736
0.740
3.774
493.200
1.110
2.257
0.296
1.554
216.800
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for'~
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Copper 1.280 0.610
Cyanide (total) 0.200 0.080
Zinc 1.02O 0.420
Ammonia (as N) 133.300 58.600
Combined metals 0.300
1This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline wet air
pollution control scrubbers are present in a particular facility
the same allowance applies to each.
2329
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
•
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Copper 0.806 0.384
Cyanide (total) 0.126 0.050
Zinc 0.643 0.265
Ammonia (as N) 83.980 36.920
Combined metals 0.189
(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Copper 0.011 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.002 0.001
Zinc 0.009 0.004
Ammonia (as N) 1.160 0.510
Combined metals 0.003
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Copper 5.632 2.684
Cyanide (total) 0.880 0.352
Zinc 4.488 1.848
Ammonia (as N) 586.500 257.800
Combined metals 1.320
2330
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
i
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Copper 6.656 3.172
Cyanide (total) 1.040 0.416
Zinc 5.304 2.184
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 304.700
Combined metals 1.560
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Copper 7.680 3.660
Cyanide (total) 1.200 0.480
Zinc • 6.120 2.520
Ammonia (as N) 799.800 351.600
Combined metals 1.800
CO Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and
Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum for'Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals
precipitated
Copper 6.656 3.172
Cyanide (total) 1.040 0.416
Zinc 5.304 2.184
Ammonia (as N) 693.200 304.700
Combined metals 1.560
2331
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Copper 1.152 0.549
Cyanide (total) 0.180 0.072
Zinc 0.918 0.378
Ammonia (as N) 120.000 52.740
Combined metals 0.270
Equipment and Floor Wash PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of precious
produced in refinery
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Zinc
Ammonia /{as N)
Combined metals
metals,
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
including silver,
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(n) Preliminary treatment PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Copper 64.000 30.500
Cyanide (total) 10.000 4.000
Zinc 51.000 21.000
Combined uietals 15.000
Ammonia (as N) 6665.000 2930.000
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) at this time.
2332
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -III
SECTION III
SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This section of the secondary precious metals supplement
describes the raw materials and processes used in refining
secondary precious metals and presents a profile of the secondary
precious metals plants identified in this study. For a
discussion of the purpcsef authority, and methodology for this
study and a general description of the nonferrous metals
category, refer to Section III of Vol. I. -
DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PRODUCTION
The secondary precious metals industry consists of plants which
recover gold and platinum group metals from recycled materials.
Platinum group metals, also known as PGM, consist of platinum,
palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium, and ruthenium. The
production of secondary precious metals can be divided into two
stages: raw material preparation steps and refining steps. Raw
material preparation steps include grinding, crushing,
incineration, smelting, granulation, cyanide stripping, and
precipitation of precious metals from spent plating solutions.
Refining steps include dissolution in either strong acid or base,
precipitation, filtration, recycle, solvent extraction,
electrolytic refining, salt manufacturing, casting, and
granulation. The secondary precious metals production process is
presented schematically in Figure III-l (page 2343).
RAW MATERIALS
The principal raw materials used by plants recovering precious
metals are jewelry scrap, dental scrap, optical scrap, electrical
scrap, impure bullion, spent industrial and automotive catalysts,
sweeps, . and contaminated or spent electroplating solutions.
Sweeps are usually low-grade precious metal-bearing residue
generated from various raw materials, including floor sweepings
(hence the name); waste treatment sludges and incinerated filter
cakes. The various raw material preparation and refining steps a
plant uses are dictated by the type and composition of raw
materials being processed.
RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION STEPS
Based on the source of raw materials, the • raw material
preparation steps can be divided into five basic processes for
the recovery of precious metals: incineration and smelting
(pyrometallurgical steps), raw material granulation, stripping
with cyanide solutions, recovering precious metals from spent
plating solutions, and other preliminary treatment steps.
2333
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Incineration and Smelting
Dental scrap, optical scrap, electrical scrap, and catalysts may
be ground and incinerated in a furnace in order to remove the
carbonaceous material and volatile fraction. The temperature and
rate of burning must be carefully controlled if high efficiency
is to be maintained. Air emissions include vapors from the
volatilization and decomposition of carbonaceous scrap
contaminants, as well as combustion gases and dust. The
emissions are usually controlled by afterburners in series with a
baghouse or scrubber. Wet air pollution control techniques result
in wastewater discharges. Precious metal-bearing residues may
then be fed directly to the refinery for recovery of pure metals.
Smelting is generally used to produce a copper-based bullion
which can either be sold or further processed to produce a pure
metal. The raw material for smelting may be the precious metal-
bearing residue produced in the incinerator, or it may be ground-
up raw material. Like the incineration furnace, the smelting
furnace may also have emissions which are controlled by a
baghouse or scrubber. The furnace or incinerator scrubber
results in a wastewater discharge.
Raw Material Granulation
Raw material may be granulated with water in order to make it
easier to dissolve in acid in the refinery. Either solid scrap
or incinerated residue may be melted in a furnace and granulated
with water in a similar manner to shot casting. This operation
produces wastewater discharge, consisting of the spent
granulation water.
Stripping With Cyanide Solutions
Gold-containing electrical components, strip, or ceramics may be
stripped with sodium or potassium cyanide solutions. The raw
material may be ground-up prior .to stripping in order to increase
the exposed surface area. Cyanide attacks the gold which is
exposed on the surface of the metal, but does not recover gold
which is buried beneath a non-precious metal. Stripping with
cyanide has limited application because of the relatively few
types of scrap amenable to the process.
After the gold is stripped away from the base metal, it may be
precipitated from solution with either sodium hydrosulfite or
zinc. An oxidizing agent may be added to destroy the free
cyanide. The solids, containing precious metals, are separated
from the spent cyanide stripping solution by filtration.
Filtration results in a wastewater stream which may be
discharged. The product of cyanide stripping is a sludge
containing high precious metal values which may be further
processed.
2334
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Recovery From Spent Plating Solutions
Precious metals can be recovered from contaminated or spent
electroplating solutions, which are cyanide-based, either by
precipitation with sodium hydrosulfite or zinc, or by
electrolysis. Electroplaters use cyanide solutions for plating
precious metals onto base metals. The depleted or contaminated
solutions still contain enough precious metal values to make
recovery economical. Either gold, palladium, or rhodium can be
recovered in this manner. The precipitation process for plating
solutions is the same as cyanide stripping. Zinc or sodium
'hydrosulfite is added and the precious metals are recovered by
filtration. For electrolytic recovery, the spent plating
solution acts as the electrolyte, and the precious metal is
recovered on the cathode. Wastewater may be generated by the
discharge of barren solution after either precipitation or
electrolytic recovery occurs. The resultant sludge from this
process may be routed to the refinery for further processing.
Other Preliminary Treatment Steps
Preliminary treatment steps other than those mentioned above may
be used to treat raw material in this subcategory. These
processing steps, which have been claimed confidential are used
to treat non-combustible, non-metallic-based basis materials.
These preliminary treatment steps may produce a wastewater
discharge.
REFINING STEPS
Refining steps are taken to recover high-purity precious metals
(high-purity generally refers to 99.9 or 99.99 percent pure) from
lower purity raw materials, which may or may not have undergone
raw material preparation steps. The standard hydrometallurgical
process includes dissolution in acid or base, combined with
precipitation and filtration. Other hydrometallurgical.refining
steps include solvent extraction and electrolytic refining. After
pure precious metals are produced, they may be further processed
into a potassium cyanide-based salt, cast as bars, or granulated.
Hydrometallurgical Processing
Jewelry, dental, optical, electrical, and catalyst scrap, along
with sludges generated from spent solutions, containing gold,
platinum, palladium, and other platinum group metals (PGM), may
be refined using hydrometallurgical processing. The first step
usually consists of dissolving the raw material in aqua regia.
Aqua regia (one part concentrated nitric acid:three to four parts
concentrated hydrochloric acid) is the only known reagent that
dissolves gold. Nitric acid alone cannot oxidize gold unless the
chloride ion is present to complex the product. The net equation
for dissolving gold in aqua regia can be written as below
although a variety of nitrogen products may be obtained.
2335
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Au(s) + 4N03~ + 4C1~ + SHaO4" ---- > AuCl4 + 4NO2(g) + 12H2O
After dissolving the raw material, the silver chloride solids are
filtered away, the nitrates are removed, and the gold is
precipitated with sulfur dioxide, ferrous sulfate, or chlorine
gas. The filtrate may be sent on for further recovery of
platinum group metals, if these are present. The silver chloride
solids recovered from the gold dissolution process usually
require further purification. Silver recovery and purification
is addressed in the secondary silver development document.
Platinum group metals are recovered from raw materials which
contain gold and platinum group metals. Platinum is recovered by
dissolution in a chlorinated acid solution, yielding soluble
platinum chloride. Platinum is precipitated as an insoluble
amine called yellow salt which is purified using both alkaline
and acid solutions and reduced to platinum metal sponge either
thermally or with a strong chemical reducing agent.
i
Palladium is recovered by dissolution in acid as a soluble
chloride salt. Palladium is precipitated from solution as an
insoluble amine called red salt. Palladium is purified by
redissolving the red salt in an alkaline solution followed by
reprecipitation. The red salt is reduced to palladium metal
sponge with a strong chemical reducing agent.
Each of the purification processes may be repeated via recycle to
increase the purity of the refined metal. After each metal is
recovered as either a final product or intermediate, it may be
washed with water or an acid or base in order to remove residual
acid or base from it and to further purify it. The wash water or
solution is generally discharged with the precipitation and
filtration water, and is considered as part of the same waste
stream.
The various hydrometallurgical processing steps a plant uses to
recover precious metals may occur in any order. For example, one
plant may recover gold prior to palladium prior to platinum, and
another plant may recover platinum first, then gold, and finally
palladium. The order of processing does not impact the
wastewater generation at a refinery.
Based on the composition of the raw material, and the order of
processing, the recovery of each precious metal may result in a
wastewater discharge. There is variability in the types of raw
materials processed within this subcategory; however, the basic
processing steps and wastewaters generated are similar from one
plant to another.
Acid fumes generated in the refinery may be controlled with a wet
scrubber, resulting in a wastewater stream. In many plants, this
scrubber controls the fumes from all the reaction vessels,
whether they are acid, alkaline, or cyanide based. The scrubbing
2336
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
medium is usually an alkaline solution which neutralizes the acid
fumes« Other plants may use separate scrubbers for acid and
alkaline fumes.
Solvent Extraction . L
Solvent extraction may be used to refine impure bullion to high
purity gold. Solvent extraction consists of extracting the gold
from an acid solution into the organic phase and subsequently
recovering it. The aqueous solution which originally contained
the dissolved impure bullion may be discharged as a waste stream.
After recovery, the gold may be washed with water and the wash
water may also be discharged. The aqueous raffinate and wash
water may be considered as one waste stream.
Electrolytic Refining
Electrolytic refining is also used as a means of recovering high
purity gold from precious metal-containing bullion, jewelry and
dental scrap. First, the raw material is melted and cast as an
anode. An acidic electrolyte is used, and gold is recovered on
the cathode. In the electrolytic method, a current is passed
between an anode and a cathode which are suspended in the
electrolyte. A portion of the electrolyte is periodically
discharged to maintain the purity of the solution.
Further Processing
Once the gold or platinum group metals have been refined to the
pure state, they may be further processed. Gold may be reacted
with potassium cyanide solution to produce a potassium gold
cyanide salt (generally written KAu(CN)2 or PGC) which is
useful in the electroplating industry. There may be a waste
stream associated with this process, consisting of excess cyanide
solution.
Pure precious metals may either be cast as bars or granulated
using a method similar to shot casting. In either case, the
metal is melted in a furnace. Molten metal may be poured into
molds which may be quenched with water, or it may be poured
directly into a container of water, in which case it will be
granulated. In either case, a waste stream is generated which
may be discharged.
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES
Although a variety of processes are involved in secondary
precious metals production, the process wastewater sources can be
subdivided into building blocks as follows:
1. Furnace wet air pollution control,
2. Raw material granulation,
3. Spent plating solutions,
4. Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
5. Refinery wet air pollution control,
2337
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
6. Gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water,
7. Gold spent electrolyte,
8. Gold precipitation and filtration,
9. Platinum precipitation and filtration,
10. Palladium precipitation and filtration,
11. Other platinum group metals precipitation and
filtration,
12. Spent solution from PGC salt production,
13. Equipment and floor wash, and
14. Preliminary treatment.
The sources of these wastewater streams are identified by their
respective numbers in Figure III-l (page 2343).
OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES
There are other waste streams associated with the production of
secondary precious metals. These waste streams may include
casting contact cooling water, final product granulation water,
acid storage area wet air pollution control, and pump seal water.
These waste streams are not considered as part of this
rulemaking. EPA believes that the flows and pollutant loadings
associated with these wastewater streams are insignificant
relative to the wastewater streams selected and are best handled
by the appropriate permit authority on a case-by-case basis under
the authority of Section 403(a) of the Clean Water Act.
Casting contact cooling water is not considered as part of this
rulemaking because, although several plants do discharge this
stream, sampling data indicate that this wastewater contains
little or no pollutants and that the pollutant loadings are
insignificant compared with the other waste streams selected.
Sampling data for casting contact cooling water are presented in
Table V-26 (page 2497).
AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE
Forty-nine secondary precious metals plants were identified in
this study. Figure III-2 (page 2344) shows that the plants are
concentrated in the Northeast and California, with plants also
located in Washington, Arizona, Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio,
Virginia, and Florida.
Table Ill-l (page 2340) summarizes the relative ages of the
secondary precious metals plants by discharge status. Four
plants discharge directly, 30 are indirect dischargers, 10 are
zero dischargers, and five plants do not generate process
wastewater. Most of the Plants began operating within the last
15 years.
Table III-2 (page 2341) shows the production ranges for the 49
secondary precious metals plants. One-third of the plants that
reported production data produce less than 10,000 troy ounces of
total precious metals per year. All four of the direct
2338
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
dischargers produce in excess of 50,000 troy ounces per year, as
do 10 of the indirect dischargers.
Table III-3 (page 2342) provides a summary of the plants having
the various secondary precious metals processes. The number of
plants generating wastewater from the processes is also shown.
2339
-------
fable III-l
INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OF PLANTS IN THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
Type 1983- 1972- 1967- 1957-
of Plant 1973 1968 1958 1948
Discharge 1-10 1.1-15 16-25 26-35
1947- 1937- 1927-
1938 1928 1918
36-45 46-55 56-55
1917-
1903 <1903
66-80 81*
Hot
Reported Total
W
O
|
Direct
to
u>
*,
0
Indirect
Zero
Dry
:otal
8
15
11
30
10
5
—
49
o
w
w
§
>
i-i
ta
Q
I
w
w
O
1-1
H
H
H
-------
Table I I 1-2
Type of
Plant
'•
Direct*
Indirect
Zero
Dry
Total
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
DURING 1982 (TROY OUNCES OF TOTAL PRECIOUS METALS/YEAR)
0-1.000
..........
1
2
1
1
,001-
0,000
9
3
J.
13
10,001-
50,000
9
1
_!_
11
50,001-
100,000
4
4
100,001-
500,000
6
4
10
500,000+
'• ...... ..... • ....... ........
1
3
Not
Reported
in dcp
....... * —
2
1
3
to
S
3
**
ti
M
o
o
3
S
>
*Data for these plants are claimed to be confidential.
W
G
D3
O
»
O
O
M
O
f-3
H
-------
Table III-3
SUMMARY OF SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY PROCESSES
AND ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
OJ
*k
to
Process
Raw Materials Preparation Steps
Incineration and Smelting (Furnace Air Pollution
Control)
- Raw Material Granulation
Stripping With Cyanide Solutions
Recovery From Spent Plating Solutions
Refining Steps (Hydroraetallurgical Processing)
- Gold Precipitation and Filtration
- Platinum Precipitation and Filtration
- Palladium Precipitation and Filtration
- Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and
Filtration
- Solvent Extraction
- Electrolytic Refining
PGC Salt Production
Equipment and Floor Wash
Number
of Plants
WithProcess
28
18
/
4
6
12
37
28 !
18
20
3
1
3
4
3
Number
of Plants
Reporting
Generation
of Wastewater*
4
6
12
m
D
i
O
Nj
w
o
H
O
•cj
w
w
28
18
20
3
1
3
OT
§
(1
*j
8
K
W
M
O
H
H
H
*Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may "generate" wastewater from a
particular process but not discharge It.
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
To Atmosphere
1
Furnace Wet
Air Pollution
Control
Raw Material (Includes
Jewelry Scrap, Dental
Scrap, Optical Scrap,
Electrical Scrap, *
Catalyst Scrap, Impure
Bullion, and Spent
Plating Solutions)
Incineration or
Smelting
Furnace
H00
Intermediate
Product to
Recovery
Sold as
Product
Raw Material
Granulation
Spent
Plating
Solutions
Precipitation or
Electrolytic
Recovery
T
Granulated
Raw Material
to Refinery
Precious Metal
Sludge to
Refinery
Electri-
cal
Scrap
KCN or NaCN
I
Cyanide
Stripping,
Precipitation
Precious Metal
Sludge to
Refinery
Figure III-1
RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PRODUCTION PROCESSES
2343
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
To Araeientri
FCC
Sale
Flatlmai
.SSSS.
Ftll*di>m
•ad riltr*tloa
© <
Otter riactnoB
Croup Ntuli
01*IOlUtl9A
Other FUtlaw
Group n«t«li
Frcelvlcatlon
•ad Filtration
Oth*r PUcina
Croup M»«lt
luB. Irldlus.
iuB, tati>mlu»
D«lwd Itnt iDdiesctt
possiblt r«cvel« or
of flltrAce
Figure III-l (Continued)
REFINING STEPS
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PRODUCTION PROCESSES
2344
-------
ro
w
*»
ui
D - Direct Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
I - Indirect Process Hasteuater Discharge Plants
Z - Zero Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
Dry - So Process Waslewnter
OJ
W
o
1
n
H
o
G
U)
M
G
W
Q
/"*,
W
s
u
w
H
M
Figure III-2
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS INDUSTRY
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LE'PT BLANK
2346
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCAfEGORY SECT - IV
SECTION IV
SUBCATEGORIZATION
This section summarizes the factors considered during the
designation of the related subdivisions or building blocks
of the secondary precious metals subcategory,
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS
SUBCATEGORY
The factors listed previously for general subcategorization were
each evaluated when considering subdivision of the secondary
precious metals subcategory. In the discussion that follows the
factors will be described as they pertain to this particular
subcategory.
The rationale for considering further subdivision of the
secondary precious metals subcategory is based primarily on the
production processes used. Within the subcategory a number of
different operations are performed which may or may not have a
water use or discharge and which may require the establishment of
separate effluent limitations and standards. While secondary
precious metals is still considered a single Subcategory. a more
thorough examination of the production processes, water use and
discharge practices and pollutant generation rates has
illustrated the need for limitations and standards based on a set
of specific wastewater streams. Limitations and standards will
be based on specific flow allowances for the following building
blocks:
1. Furnace wet air pollution control.
2. Raw material granulation,
3. Spent plating solutions.
4. Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
5. Refinery wet air pollution control,
6. Gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water,
7. Gold spent electrolyte,
8. Gold precipitation and filtration.
9. Platinum precipitation and filtration,
10. Palladium precipitation and filtration,
11. Other platinum group metals precipitation and filtration,
12. Spent solution from PGC salt production,
13. Equipment and floor wash, and
14. Preliminary treatment.
These building blocks follow directly from differences within the
various production stages of secondary precious metals: raw
material preparation steps and refining steps. Depending on the
type and composition of raw material, a plant may operate one or
more raw material preparation or refining steps to recover gold
platinum, palladium, or other platinum group metals from scrap.
Each of these operations may create a need for a subdivision.
Smelting or incinerating a raw material creates the need for the
2347
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
first subdivision—furnace wet air pollution control. Smelting
or incineration furnaces produce dust and particulate emissions
which need to be controlled prior to venting to the atmosphere•
Other raw material preparation steps which create the need for
subdivisions include raw material granulation, recovering gold or
other precious metals from spent plating solutions, cyanide
stripping of gold from gold-plated scrap, and other confidential
preliminary treatment steps. Granulating a raw material involves
melting the raw material in a furnace and pouring it into a
container of water. This granulates the raw material, and the
granulation water may be discharged, thus creating the need for a
subdivision. Spent plating solutions may be treated with a
precipitating agent such as zinc or sodium thiosulfate in order
to precipitate the precious metals. Discharging the depleted
solution creates a need for a separate subdivision. Stripping
gold away from scrap with a cyanide solution and then
precipitating the gold from solution creates a need for the
fourth pre-refining subdivision. Other preliminary treatment
steps, which are considered confidential are used to treat non-
combustible, non-metallic-based basis materials, and create a
need for the last subdivision.
Various refining operations create the need for the other nine
subdivisions. Recovering gold by a solvent extraction process or
an electrolytic refining process creates the need for two
subdivisions: gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water,
and gold spent electrolyte. The wet chemistry technique of
dissolution and selective precipitation creates the need for four
subdivisions: gold precipitation and filtration, platinum
precipitation and filtration palladium precipitation and
filtration, and other platinum group metals precipitation and
filtration. Depending on the composition of the raw material
being processed, and the manner in which each metal is recovered,
any one or all of the precious metals may result in the discharge
of a wastewater stream.
;
Acid fumes generated during dissolution and precipitation
processes are generally controlled with a wet scrubber, creating
the need for the seventh refining subdivision: refinery wet air
pollution control. Washing the equipment and the floor of the
refinery in order to recover any precious metals from spills and
leaks creates a need for the equipment and floor wash
subdivision. Finally, manufacturing gold into a PGC salt product
by reacting it with potassium cyanide solution creates a need for
a subdivision: spent solution from PGC salt production.
OTHER FACTORS
The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to be
inappropriate as a bases for further segmentation of the
subcategory. Air pollution control methods, treatment costs,
nonwater quality aspects, and total energy requirements are
functions of the selected subcategorization factors — raw
materials and production processes. As such, they support the
method of subcategorization which has been developed. As
2348
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - . IV
discussed in Section IV of .jthe General Development Document,
certain other factors such as plant age, plant size, and the
number of employees were also evaluated and determined to be
inappropriate for use as bases for subdivision of. nonferrous
metals plants. ; . , .
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS
The effluent limitations and standards developed in this document
establish mass limitations for the discharge of specific
pollutant parameters. To allow these limitations to be applied
to plants with various production capacities, the mass of
pollutant discharged must be related to a unit of production.
This factor is known as the production normalizing parameter
(PNP). In general, ithe actual precious metals production from
the respective manufacturing process is used as the PNP. This is
based on the principle that the amount of water generated is
proportional to the amount of product made. Therefore, the PNPs
for the 14 secondary precious metals subdivisions are as follows:
1.
Building Block
Furnace wet air
pollution control
2. Raw material granulation
3. Spent plating solutions
4. Spent cyanide stripping
solutions
5. Refinery wet air pollution
control
6. Gold solvent extraction
raffinate and wash water
7. Gold spent electrolyte
8. Gold precipitation and
filtration
9. Platinum precipitation
and filtration
10. Palladium precipitation
and filtration
11. Other platinum group
PNP
Troy ounces of precious
metals, including silver,
incinerated or smelted
Troy ounces of precious metals
in .the granulated raw material
Liters of spent plating
solutions used as a raw material
Troy ounces of gold produced
by cyanide stripping
Troy ounces of precious
metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
Troy ounces of gold produced
of solvent extraction
Troy ounces of gold produced
by electrolysis
Troy ounces of gold
precipitated
Troy ounces of platinum
precipitated
Troy ounces of palladium
precipitated
Troy ounces of other platinum
2349
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
metals precipitation and group metals precipitated
filtration
12. Spent solution from PGC Troy ounces of gold contained
salt production in PGC product
13. Equipment and floor wash Troy ounces of precious
metals, including silver,
produced in refinery
14. Preliminary treatment Troy ounces of total
precious metals produced
"through this operation
Other PNPs were considered. The use of production capacity
instead of actual production was eliminated from consideration
because the mass of pollutant produced is more a function of true
production than of installed capacity. The total precious metals
produced in the refinery was eliminated from consideration
because most of the operations generating wastewater in a
refinery do so as a function of one metal being produced, rather
than as a function of the total amount of metal produced in a
refinery.
The PNP selected for spent plating solutions is liters of spent
plating solution used as a raw material. The volumetric PNP was
selected rather than the mass of metal processed because a plant
cannot control the concentration of precious metals in the raw
material -- the imported spent plating solutions. One plant's
raw material may be many times as concentrated as anothers1 in
precious metals, and therefore flow cannot be related to
production for this unit operation. Wastewater discharge flow is
directly related to volume of spent plating solution used as raw
material, and not the quantity of precious metals in the
solution.
2350
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATIGORY SECT - V
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
I
This section describes the characteristics of the wastewaters
associated with the secondary precious metals subcategory. Water
use and discharge rates are explained and then summarized in
tables at the end of this section. Data used to characterize the
wastewaters are presented. Finally, the specific source, water
use and discharge flows, and wastewater characteristics for each
separate wastewater source are discussed.
The two principal data sources were used in the development of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory are data
collection portfolios (dcp) and field sampling results. Data
collection portfolios contain information regarding wastewater
flows and production levels.
In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from secondary
precious metals plants, a field sampling program was conducted.
A complete list of the pollutants considered and a summary of the
techniques used in sampling and laboratory analyses are included
in Section V of the General Development Document. Samples were
analyzed for 124 of the 126 priority pollutants and other
pollutants deemed appropriate. Because the analytical standard
for TCDD was Judged to be too hazardous to be made generally
available, samples were never analyzed for this pollutant.
Samples were also never analyzed for asbestos. There is no
reason to expect that TCDD or asbestos would be present in
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastewater. A total of five
plants were selected for sampling in the secondary precious
metals subcategory. In general, the samples were analyzed for
cyanide and three classes of pollutants: priority organic
pollutants, priority metal pollutants, and criteria pollutants
(which includes both conventional and nonconventional
pollutants). Cyanide was analyzed for because it is present in
raw materials for this subcategory.
Additional wastewater characteristics and flow and production
data were received through industry comments and an engineering
site visit to one facility between proposal and promulgation.
This aided EPA in promulgating revised discharge allowances for
raw material granulation and spent cyanide stripping solutions
waste streams.
Also since proposal, EPA gathered additional wastewater' sampling
data for four of the subdivisions in this subcategory through a
self-sampling program which was specifically requested by the
Agency. The data from this program include data from analyses for
the primary metals antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver,
thallium, and zinc. The data also include analyses for cyanide
2351
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
and the nonconventional pollutants ammonia, gold, palladium, and
platinum. These data support the assumptions which EPA had made
concerning the presence and concentrations of pollutants in those
subdivisions where we did not have analytical data for specific
pollutants. For this reason, the selection of pollutant
parameters for limitation in this subcategory (Section VI) has
not been revised based on this new data.
As described in Section IV of this supplement, the secondary
precious metals subcategory has been further subdivided into 14
building blocks, so that the promulgated regulation contains mass
discharge limitations and standards for 14 process wastewater
discharging subdivisions. Differences in the wastewater
characteristics associated with these subdivisions are to be
expected. For this reason, wastewater streams corresponding to
each subdivision are addressed separately in the discussions that
follow. ' . . . .. . } ..... . ,.....,
The principal wastewater sources in the secondary precious metals
subcategory are:
1. Furnace wet air pollution control, •
2, Raw material granulation,
3. Spent plating solutions,
4. Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
5. Refinery wet air pollution control,
6. Gold solvent extraction rafflnate and wash water,
7. Gold spent electrolyte,
8. Gold precipitation and filtration,
9. Platinum precipitation and filtration,
10. Palladium precipitation and filtration,
11. Other platinum group metals precipitation and
filtration,
12. Spent solution from PGC salt production,
13. Equipment and floor wash, and
14. Preliminary treatment.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two flow-to-
production ratios were calculated for each stream. The two
ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow, are
differentiated by the flow value used in calculation. Water use
is defined as the volume of water or other fluid required for a
given process per mass of precious metals product and is
therefore based on the sum of recycle and make-up flows to a
given process. Wastewater flow discharged after preliminary
treatment or recycle (if these are present) is used in
calculating the production normalized flow — the volume of
wastewater discharged from a given process to further treatment,
disposal, or discharge per mass of precious metals produced.
Differences between the water use and wastewater flows associated
with a given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and
carry-over on the product. The production values used in
calculation correspond to the production normalizing parameter,
2352
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS MITALS SUBCATEGORY. SECT - V
PNP, assigned to each stream, as outlined in Section IV. As an
example, gold precipitation and filtration wastewater flow is
related to gold metal production. As such, the discharge rate is
expressed in liters of filtration wastewater discharged per troy
ounce of gold produced by precipitation.
The production normalized flows were compiled and statistically
analyzed by stream type. These production normalized water use
and discharge flows are presented by subdivision in Tables V-l
through V-13 (pages 2360-2372). Where appropriate, an attempt was
made to identify factors that could account for variations in
water use. This information is summarized in this section. A
similar analysis of factors affecting the wastewater flows is
presented in Sections IX, X, XI, and XII where representative
BPT, BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment flows are selected for use in
calculating the effluent limitations and standards.
WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION DATA
Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
secondary precious metals production come from two sources —
data collection portfolios and analytical data from field
sampling trips.
DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS
In the data collection portfolios, the secondary precious metals
plants which discharge wastewater were asked to specify the
presence of toxic pollutants in their effluent. Of the 49
secondary precious metals plants, 12 did not respond to this
portion of the questionnaire. No plant responding to this
portion of the questionnaire reported that any toxic organic
pollutants were known to be or believed to be present in their
wastewater.
The responses for the toxic metals and cyanide are summarized
below:
Believed Present
(Based on Raw Materials and
Pollutant Known Present Process Chemicals Used)
Antimony 0 3
Arsenic 1 5
Beryllium 2 3
Cadmium 7 5
Chromium 9 6
Copper 20 17
Cyanide 10 10
Lead 11 8
Mercury 3 2
Nickel 16 19
Selenium 0 3
Silver 14 18
2353
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOOS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Thallium 0 2
Zinc 20 15
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
In order to quantity the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from secondary precious metals plants, wastewater
samples were collected at five plants. Diagrams indicating the
sampling sites and contributing production processes are shown in
Figures V-l through V-5 (pages 2360-2364).
The raw wastewater sampling data for the secondary precious
metals subcategory are Presented in Tables V-14 through V-21
(pages 2373-2436). Treated and combined wastewater sampling data
are shown in Tables V-22 through V-25 (pages 2440-2484). The
stream codes presented in the tables may be used to identify the
location of each of the samples on the process flow diagrams in
Figures V-l through V-5. Where no data are listed for a specific
day of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream were not
collected.
Several points regarding these tables should be noted. First,
the data tables include some samples measured at concentrations
considered not quantifiable. The base-neutral extractable, acid
traction extractable, and volatile organics are generally
considered not quantifiable at concentrations equal to or less
than 0.010 mg/1. Below this concentration, organic analytical
results are not quantitatively accurate; however, the analyses
are useful to indicate the presence of a particular pollutant.
The pesticide fraction is considered not quantifiable at
concentrations equal to or less than 0.005 mg/1.
Second, the detection limits shown on the data tables for
priority metals and conventional and nonconventional pollutants
are not the same in all cases as the published detection limits
for these pollutants by the same analytical methods. The
detection limits used were reported with-the analytical data and
hence are the appropriate limits to apply to the data. Detection
limit variation can occur as a result of a number of laboratory-
specific, equipment-specific, and daily operator-specific
factors. These factors can include day-to-day differences in
machine calibration, variation in stock solutions, and variation
in operators.
Third, the statistical analysis of data includes some samples
measured at concentrations considered not quantifiable. For data
considered as detected but below quantifiable concentrations, a
value of zero is used for averaging. Priority organic,
nonconventional, and conventional pollutant data reported with a
"less than" sign are considered as detected, but not further
quantifiable. A value of zero is also used for averaging. If a
pollutant is reported as not detected, it is assigned a value of
zero in calculating the average. Finally, priority metal values
reported as less than a certain value were considered as not
2354
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
quantifiable, and consequently were assigned a value of zero in
the calculation of the average.
Finally, appropriate source water concentrations are presented
with the summaries of the sampling data. The method by which
each sample was collected is indicated by number, as follows:
1. One-time grab
2. Manual composite during intermittent process operation
3. 38-hour manual composite
4. 8-hour automatic composite
5. 24-hour manual composite
6. 24-hour automatic composite
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since secondary precious metals production involves 14 principal
sources of wastewater and each has potentially different
characteristics and flows, the wastewater characteristics and
discharge rates corresponding to each subdivision will be
described separately. A brief description of why the associated
production processes generate a wastewater and explanations for
variations of water use within each subdivision will also be
discussed.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Of the secondary precious metals plants with furnaces, smelters,
or incinerators, seven plants use wet scrubbers to control
emissions. Five of these discharge wastewater as shown in Table
V-l page 2360). This table shows the water discharge rates in
liters per troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
processed through the furnace. Of the seven plants using wet
scrubbers, two plants practice 100 percent recycle, two plants
practice greater than 90 percent recycle, and three plants do not
recycle this water.
The Agency sampled the wastewater from two of the five
discharging plants, one of which does not practice recycle. The
other practices greater than 90 percent recycle. The Agency also
sampled the wastewater at another secondary precious metals plant
which did not practice recycle. Furnace wet air pollution
control raw wastewater contains priority metals, cyanide, and
suspended solids above treatable concentrations. Raw wastewater
sampling data are presented in Table V-14 (page 2373).
RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION
Raw material may be melted in a furnace and then poured into a
container of standing water in order tc granulate it. This
process is similar to shot casting. The purpose of this
operation is to make it easier to dissolve the raw material in
the acid dissolution process. Of the 31 plants which
hydrometallurgically refine precious metals, four plants
'granulate the raw material prior to dissolution. Three plants
2355
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
discharge this wastewater, as shown in Table V-2 (page 2361).
The fourth plant practices 100 percent recycle of granulation
water.
Following proposal, sampling data for this subdivision were
acquired through a self-sampling effort specifically requested by
the Agency. These data show treatable concentrations of cadmium,
lead, silver, palladium, and TSS.
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
Spent or contaminated electroplating solutions with a high
precious metal content may be recycled to recover the precious
metals value. After recovering this value, the depleted solution
may be discharged. Twelve plants recover precious metals from
spent plating solutions. Discharge rates for these 12 plants are
presented in Table V-3 (page 2362), in liters of wastewater per
liter of raw material spent plating solution.
The Agency sampled two plants for this waste stream, and the
results are presented in Table V-15 (page 2389). This raw
wastewater contains priority metals, free and complexed cyanide,
and TSS above treatable concentrations.
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
Six plants use sodium or potassium cyanide solutions to strip
gold away from electronic scrap and other raw materials. After
precipitating the gold, the spent cyanide solution may be
discharged. Six plants use this technique as shown in Table V-4
(page 2363). Water use and discharge rates are shown in liters
per troy ounce of gold produced by cyanide stripping. Gold
production is measured as the product from the precipitation
operation.
The Agency sampled one plant for this waste stream, and the
results are presented in Table V-16 (page 2399). This waste
stream contains priority metals, free and complexed cyanide, and
TSS above treatable concentrations.
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
All of the acid dissolution vessels, alkaline dissolution
vessels, cyanide vessels, and precipitation vessels located in
the refinery may be vented to a refinery scrubber. A plant can
use acid scrubbers, alkali scrubbers, or both types of scrubbers.
Of the 29 plants using emissions control, 26 discharge
wastewater. The other three plants practice 100 percent recycle.
Seventeen of the 26 discharging plants practice recycle of 90
percent or greater. Table V-5 (page 2364) shows water discharge
rates in liters per troy ounce of precious metals, including
silver, produced in the refinery.
The Agency sampled the wastewater from four discharging plants,
three of which practice recycle of at least 90 percent. This raw
2356
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
wastewater contains priority metals and suspended solids above
treatable concentrations. Raw wastewater sampling data are
presented in Table V-17 (page 2402).
GOLD SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE AND WASH WATER
Gold can be extracted from an impure raw material using an
organic solvent and then recovered from the solvent as pure gold.
The raffinate generated by this process can be discharged, and
one plant discharges this waste stream as shown in Table V-6
(page 2366). After the pure gold is recovered, it is washed with
water and this wash water is also discharged.
Following proposal, sampling data for this subdivision were
acquired through a self^sampling effort specifically requested by
the Agency. These data show treatable concentrations of antimony,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, silver, thallium, zinc,
ammonia, TSS, gold, palladium, and platinum.
GOLD SPENT ELECTROLYTE
Three plants use electrolytic refining as a purification step in
secondary gold processing and discharge the spent, electrolyte
wastewater associated with this process. Water use and discharge
rates are shown in Table V-7 (page 2366). No samples were taken
of this waste stream however, the Agency believes it should be
similar to'gold precipitation and filtration wastewater because
of contact with similar raw materials. This wastewater is
expected to contain priority metals and TSS above treatable
concentrations.
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Gold may be recovered by dissolving the raw material in strong
acid such as aqua regia, filtering away the silver chloride, and
precipitating the gold with a strong reducing agent such as
chlorine, ferrous sulfate or sulfur dioxide gas. Gold sponge is
recovered by filtering away the wastewater and washing the sponge
with water one or more times to remove residual acid. This
combined filtrate and wash water waste stream may be discharged
via a cementation tank where either zinc or iron is added to
recover additional precious metals, and then to treatment. The
28 plants with this waste stream are shown in Table V-8 (page
2367).
The Agency sampled this waste stream at four plants, one prior to
cementation, and all four as combined wastewater after
cementation. Only the plant sampled prior to cementation is
presented in Table V-18 to characterize this raw wastewater
because of the metallic replacement reactions and commingling of
wastewater taking place in the cementation tank. As shown in
Table V-22 (page 2440), the post-cementation data support the
general characterization of gold precipitation and filtration
wastewater data. Both show high priority metal concentrations,
along with ammonia and TSS above treatable concentrations. If a
2357
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
plant cements this wastewater with zinc, the effluent from
cementation will contain high zinc concentrations.
PLATINUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Platinum may be recovered by dissolving the raw material in acid,
filtering away the impurities, and precipitating the platinum as
an amine. The insoluble amine (yellow salt) is then separated
from the solution by filtration. The filtrate may be combined
with wash water, and sent to cementation or treatment. Eighteen
plants recover platinum in this manner as shown in Table V-9
(page 2369).
Following proposal, sampling data for this subdivision were
acquired through a self-sampling effort specifically requested by
the Agency. These data show treatable concentrations of arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, zinc, and
ammonia.
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Palladium may be recovered by dissolving the raw material in
strong acid or base, filtering away impurities, precipitating the
palladium as an amine, and filtering away the solution. The
insoluble amine (red salt) may be reduced with a strong reducing
agent to the pure metal sponge. The filtrate may be combined
with wash water, and sent to cementation or treatment. Twenty
plants recover palladium in this manner as shown in Table V-10
(page 2370).
The Agency sampled one of the discharging plants for three
palladium batch discharges, as shown in Table V-19 (page 2426).
The raw wastewater shows priority metals, ammonia, and TSS above
treatable concentrations.
OTHER PLATINUM GROUP METALS PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Three plants use a wet chemistry process similar to the type used
to recover either platinum or palladium, to recover other
platinum group metals including rhodium and iridium. All three
plants discharge wastewater as shown in Table V-ll (page 2371).
Following proposal, sampling data for this subdivision were
acquired through a self-sampling effort specifically requested by
the Agency. These data show treatable concentrations of antimony,
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, zinc,
and ammonia.
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION
Four plants manufacture potassium gold cyanide (PGC) salt from
pure gold and potassium cyanide solution. Excess cyanide
solution may be discharged from this process. Water use and
discharge rates are shown in Table V-12 (page 2371).
2358
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
The Agency sampled one plant for this waste stream, and the
results are presented in Table V-20 {page 2436). Raw wastewater
contains toxic metals, and free and complexed cyanide above
treatable concentrations.
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
Three plants reported an equipment and floor wash waste stream.
This waste stream is discharged via cementation, to treatment.
Table V-13 (page 2372) shows water use and discharge rates in
liters per troy oujice of Precious metals, including silver,
produced in the refinery. The Agency sampled this waste stream
at one plant, and the data are presented in Table V-21 (page
2436). This wastewater contains priority metals, ammonia, and
TSS above treatable concentrations.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
Based on information provided to the Agency after promulgation of
the regulation for this subcategory, EPA agreed to add a new
building block for the preliminary treatment process. This
building block was omitted from the promulgated rule because EPA
believed that the processing of basis materials was accounted for
by the furnace wet air pollution building block (FWAP). However,
subsequent to promulgation, EPA found that the FWAP building
block does not reflect the raw material processing steps required
for non-combustible, non-metallic-based basis materials. As
discussed in Section III, details of the preliminary treatment
steps are claimed confidential, therefore water use and discharge
rates are not presented in this document.
2359
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-l
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR FURNACE WET
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
incinerated or smelted)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1081
1038
1138
1105
1112
1094
1084
1095
1153
1163
1020
1019
1082
1134
1071
1088
1051
1045
Percent Normalized Normalized
Recycle Water Use Discharge Flow
98.2 7.26 0.131
0 116 116
27.6 27.6
>90 NR 4.5
0 137 137
100 NR 0
100 NR 0
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
NR - Data not reported.
2360
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-2
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION
(liters/troy ounce of precious metals
in the granulated raw material)
Production Production
Plant Percent Normalized Normalized
Code Recycle Water Use Discharge Plow
1008 0 8.67 8.67
1094 0 % 4.0 4.0
1112 0 0.30 0.30
1082 100 Unknown 0
2361
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-3
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
(I/liter of raw material spent plating solution)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1002
1163
1094
1092
1023
1128
1083
1167
1071
1034
1067
1065
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NR
0
0
0
0
Normalized Normalize
Water Use Discharge P
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
NR
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1 0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
NR
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
NR - Data not reported.
2362
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V—1
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
(1/troy ounce of gold produced by cyanide stripping)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1100
1034
1163
1067
1083
1026
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
Normalized
Water Use
78.3
7.63
6.03
2.92
1.14
0.631
Normalized
Discharge FL
78.3
7.63
6.03
2.92
1.14
0.631
2363
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT
TABLE V-5
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of precious metalsf including silver,
produced in refinery)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1100
1117
1029
1020
1051
1147
1065
1067
1112
1091
1071
1105
1080
1115
1069
1008
1164
1083
1104
1138
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
>90
0
75
0
90
0
NR
0
>90
>90
>90
>90
>90
90
>90
>90
>90
Normalized
Water Use
107
42
32.8
NR
13.2
39.4
6.8
46.4
3.4
NR
2.4
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
7.0
NR
NR
NR
Normalize
Discharge F
107
42
32.8
14.2
13.2
9.85
6.8
4.64
3.4
3.32
2.4
2,3
1.75
1.665
1.41
1.1
0.7
0.67
0.234
0.21
2364
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-S (Continued)
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of precious metals, including silver,
produced in refinery)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1094
1165
1082
1026
1072
1167
1053
1128
1034
Percent
Recycle .
>90
>90
99
>90
>90
95
100
100
100
Normalized Normalized
Water Use Discharge Flow
NR
NR
7.2
N3
NR
0.6
NR
NR
NR
0.19
0.172
0.072
0.06
0.036
0.03
0
0
0
NR - Data not reported.
2365
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-6
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
GOLD SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE AND WASH WATER
(1/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction)
Plant
Code
1094
Percent
Recycle
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
0.63
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
0.63
TABLE V-7
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
^GOLD SPENT ELECTROLYTE
(1/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis)
Plant
ode
1071
108?
1088
Percent
Recycle
0
0
NR
Production
Normalised
Water use
0.294
0.0087
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
0.294
0.0087
NR
NR
Data not reported,
2366
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-8
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION WASTEWATER
(1/troy ounce of gold pre5cipitated)
Production
Production
Plant
ode
1034
1100
1091
1053
1165
1083
1067
1063
1082
1147
1110
1008
1138
1065
1117
1153
1026
1020
1069
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NR
NR
Normalized Normalized
Water Use Discharge Flow
560.5
404
69.1
24.3
7.98
4.1
3.34
2.65
2.5
1.86
0.815
0.53
0.341
0.312
0.27
0.144
0.05
NR
NR
560.5
404
69.1 -
24.3
7.98
4.1
3.34
2.65
2.5
1.86
0.815
0.63
0.341
0.312
0.27
0.144
0.05
0
0
2367
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT, - V
TABLE V-8 (Continued)
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION WASfEWATER
(1/troy ounce of gold precipitated)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1018
1104
1128
1164
1029
1167
10t2
1115
1071
Percent
Recycle
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
,NR
NR
Normalized
Water Use
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Normalize*
Discharge Pi
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Data not reported,
2368
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-9
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PLATINUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
(I/troy ounce of platinum precipitated)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1020
1082
1069
1105
1147
1071
1018
1063
1072
1115
1117
1104
1156
1138
1080
1088
1153
1134
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Normalized
Water Use
354
30.2
10.4
4.5
0.58
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Normalized
Discharge Fli
354
30.2
10.4
4.5
0.58
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR - Data not reported.
2369
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
• TABLE V-10
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
(1/troy ounce of palladium precipitated)
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1069
1147
1105
1112
1082
1138
1020
1153
1018
1128
1029
1072
1115
1117
1104
1156
1080
1071
1088
1051
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Normalized Normalized
Water. Use Discharge Flow
15,8
4.58
4.4
3.9
3.4
1.53
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
15.8
4.58
4.4
3.9
3.4
1.53
0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR - Data not reported.
2370
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-ll
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
OTHER PLATINUM GROUP METALS PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
{1/troy ounce of other platinum group metals precipita't'gaj'
Production
Plant
Code
1115
1051
1156
Percent
Recycle
NR
NR
NR
Normal i:
Water Us
NR
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
NR
NR
NR
NR - Data not reported,
TABLE V-12
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SAL*? PRODUCTION
(1/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product)
NR - Data not reported
Production
Production
Plant
Code
1100
1112
1034
1128
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
NR
Normalised Normalized
Water Use Discharge Flo1
260
1.5
0.90
NR
260
1.5
0.90
NR
2371
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-13
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
(1/troy ounce of precious metals, including
silver, produced in refinery)
Production Production
Plant Percent Normalized Normalized
Code RecYcle Water Use Discharge Flow
1020 0 14.2 14.2
1105 0 1.0 1.0
1138 0 0.97 0.97
2372
-------
Table V-14
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
to
UI
w
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1. acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonltrile
4. benzene
5* benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Da« 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.010
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
M
O
O
'»?
*tf
w
O
H
O
c
w
m
|
w
w
§
O
s
tt
O
O
a
en
M
0
I
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
10, 1,2-dichloroethane
IK 1,1 ,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bls(2-chloroethyl)ether
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
0.015
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
w
o
§
0
§
•u
w
o
a
w
w
(-3
w
w
cj
o
t-3
w
Q
o
Kj
w
w
o
t-3
1
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
2^. 2-chloronaphthalene
w 2 , 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23« chlorofom
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1»3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-diehlorobenzene
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.050
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.010
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.010
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.020
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
w
o
/*\
i
O
V
M
O
H
O
to
3
W
s
M
C
w
O
§
M
K!
w
to
O
1
<
-------
w
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
28. 3,3'-diehlorobenzidine
29. 1,1-diehloroethylene
to 30. 1 t2-tran8-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1 ,2-dichloropropane
33. 1 ,3-dichloropropene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
w
o
o
*•*
1
K!
^
i
o
h-f
o
c
to
3
M
>
cn
en
O
>
M
Q
O
Kj
cn
M
o
I
<
-------
fO
OJ
-4
Table V-H (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
37. 1,2-diph«iftylhy?irazlne
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
4: . bls(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
4. - bis(2-choroethoxy)roethane
44. raethylene chloride
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane) 189
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
w-i
M
O
O
S3
K
..
W
O
M
o
in
i
n
t-<
en
en
§
a
w
Q
§
*
w
w
o
1-3
I
-------
•vj
00
Table V-}1* (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
T^xic Pollutants (Continued)
6. rethyl bromide (bromonethane)
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
"^ 48. iichlorobromome thane
49. trichlorof luororaethane
50. dichlorodif luoromethane
51 . chlorodibromomethane
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
en
M
o
o
55
O
K
*
M
O
H
O
c
w
M
*KJ
s
W
w
c:
w
o
M
0
8
Kj
W
M
O
1-3
I
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
to
Toxic
55.
56.
S 57.
-j
vo
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
2-nltrophenol
4-nttrophenol
2,4-dlnltrophenol
4,6-dlnltro-o-cresol
N-nltrosodimethylamine
N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
N-nltrosodt-n-propylamlne
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
2
1
2
' 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
Q
O
O
»
w
O
H
0
G
Cn
3
w
, 1
g
IT"
tn
•
c;
a
fl
w
O
s
w
w
O
1
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING 0ATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAH WASTEWATER
oo
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pgllutants (Continued)
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. dl-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
w
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
c
189
5
189
5
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (rag/l)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.026
0.02
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
0.013
ND
0.034
<0.01
ND
ND
0.002
<0.01
0.003
ND
ND
<0.01
0.006
ND
ND
ND
mi
/""*%
1
O
1
50
1
(1
H
§
e»
1
B
w
W
1
g
K
8
9
W
W
O
1
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER .;
to
l*J
00
Pollutant
Tox'ic Pollutants (Continued)
73. benzo(a)pyrene
V4. benzo(b)fluoranthene
•>. • •
/5. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
?. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
Di
Stream
Code
189
.5.-.
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5 •.
189
5
Sample
Typet
1 ?
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
- '.- 1 ;.- ;
2;
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
..-::-
V
ND
ND j
ND
ND,
ND,
ND,
ND
m
ND
ND.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
.- - . ..
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND «
ND;
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
o
i
8
K
*tJ
w
n
H
o
w
s
w,
>i
to
w
a-
w
o
s .
w.''
o
o
s
CO
w-
o ,
1
<:
-------
K)
U>
CO
NJ
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
?' xic Pollutants (Continued)
,2. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1 ,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
86, toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene) 189
114* antimony
Stream
Code
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
189
5
200
189
5
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.003
<0.003
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
X0.01
< 0.003
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.19
<0.003
w
B
O
i
B
*
M
O
H
O
cj
w
2
W
f-3
tr"
W
W
g
O
s
B
K
CO
W
0
1
<
-------
U)
00
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
)22. lead
Stream
Code
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.01
<0.003
<0.005
<0.01
<0.01
<0.0002
<0.05
<0.01
0.0002
<0.05
<0.01
0.003
<0.05
<0.01
0.017
0.05
<0.02
0.052
<0.10
<0.10
0.030
Day^f Day 2
<0.01
0.004 <0.005
<0.01
0.0006 <0.0002
<0.05
0.001 0.020
<0.05
0.003 0.001
0.05
0.026 0.140
0.095
0.008 0.090
<0.10
0.037 0.80
Day 3
0.025
0.005
<0.01
<0.0002
0.61
0.003
1.1
0.003
11.0
0.040
<0.02
0.150
3.0
0.092
en
M
O
O
1
M
o
H
o
c
w
3
M
w
w
s
o
s
w
o
ja
K
w
w
o
t-3
i
<
-------
U>
00
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION. CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
;6. silver
;27. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
Concentrations
Source
0.0002
0.002
0.0002
<0.2
0.075
0.020
<0.1A
<0.003
<0.002
<0.01
<0.0005
<0.0002
<0.01
<0.002
<0.001
0.10
2.5
<0.010
Day 1
0.0003
0.017
120.0
0.001
<0.001
0.110
(mR/1)
Day 2
0.015
<0.0001
<0.2
0.016
<0.1A
<0.002
0.05
0.003
<0.01
0.004
0.150
1
0.190
Day 3
<0.0002
<0.0001
30.0
0.014
0.007
<0.002
0.13
0.004
<0.002
<0.30
,100
0.160
w
w
0
i
o
K
M
o
H
o
G
W
3
a
r«
w
to
g
>
w
8
K
w
M
0
1
-------
u>
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
None ^nvent ional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
barium
borcn
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Stream
Code
200
189
200
189
5
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
5
200
189
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1
cn
en
i
o
1
»
K
cn
M
O
1
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
u>
CX3
Pollutant
Non conventional Pollutants
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
gold
iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
Stream
Code
(Continued)
200
189
200
189
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
5
200
189
200
189
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1
14
52
<0.050
<0.006
0.28
1.1
0.025 0.0»6
<0.050
0.31
0.29 0.32
8.50
2.4
3.1 3.2
<0e050
<0.01
<0.050
<0.002
(rog/1)
Day 2
63
1
<0.05
0.21
0.48
0.2
0.52
8.6
3.4
<0.05
<0.05
Day 3
,000
2.4
1.8
0.42
3
104
0.51
15
3.2
1.2
0.061
w
M
fl
0
25
a
3
w
o
H
o
a
w
s
w
1-3
W
W
a
w
o
M
o
o
»
K
W
M
O
1
<
phenolics
0.15
0.25
0.061 0.005
-------
00
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
tin
titanium
total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
Stream
Code
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
200
189
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1
14
9
54
57
13
<0.050
<0.12
<0.005
<0.005
4.3
43
3BO
410
<0.050
<0. 003
(mg/1)
Day 2 Daj
<0. 9
<4
13.3
8, 100
27
920
<0.05
<0.
<0.05
<0.
4
94
6,000
35,000
<0.05
-------
N)
00
00
00
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream
Pollutant
NOR Conventional Pollutants (Continued)
yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
prl (standard units)
•
tSample Type Code; 1 - One- 1 line grab
2 - Manual composite
Code
200
189
200
189
5
200
189
5 '
200
189
5
during
Sample
Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
2 <0
1 <0
1 <1
1 <1
1 1
2
1
2
2
1
2
intermittent
.50 <0.05
.002 0.004
2
O
.6 <1 <1 <1
60 5,600
8 1,100
0 0 8 13
7.5 7.3
7.36 5.96
6.8 6.6 3.4 7.1
process operation
w
w
o
o
I
I
Kj
Q
H
O
a
M
Jr*
W
W
O
M
Q
1
O
H
I
<
(a) Reported together.
A - Detection limit raised due to interference.
-------
Table V-15
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
M
U»
00
UJ
Pollutant
Tc Lc Pollutants
acenaphthene
2 acrolein
3. aerylonitrile
4. benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. ehlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenz ene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1,1,1-triehloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dlchloroethane
S4. 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Sample
fypet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CO
w
o
o
as
K
»
o
M
O
c
s
3*
r«
W
CO
c
w
0
w
o
o
CO
0
1
<
-------
NJ
U)
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER-
• Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bls(chloromethyl)ether
18. bls(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-ehloroethyl vinyl ether
20 2-chloronaphthalene
21, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-ehloro-m-eresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dlchlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dlchlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dlehlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzldine
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
M
O
O
2!
O
Kj
M
O
O
d
s
w
>
f
w
w
a
0
HJ
td
O
O
s
OT
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
U>
VD
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
29. 1,1-dlchloroethylene
30. 1,2-tran8-dlchloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dlehloropropane
33. 1,3-dlchloropropene
.4. 2,4-dlmethylphenol
1 "». 2,4-dlnltrotoluene
35. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bls(2-chlorolsopropyl)ether
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations ^mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
o
o
0
3
JO
M
O
H
O
G
W
3
w
g
tr<
w
tn
C
W
o
w
8
sn
in
m
o
i
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAHPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
M
KJ
ToKi
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51*
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
b s (2-choroethoxy) methane
methylene chloride
methyl chloride (ch lor ome thane)
methyl bromide (bromorae thane)
brotnoform (trlbromome thane)
d i ch lo robromome thane
trichlorofluorome thane
dlchlorodlf luororae thane
ch lorod i broraome thane
hexach lorobu tad iene
hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Isophorone
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Sample
Typet
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
co
M
Q
0
|
i
•a
M
o
M
O
G
CO
g
m
>
tr"
co
1
m
Q
o
S
co
H
,
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
3XtC
57.
58.
59.
60.
to
CO
*> 61 .
CO
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
7C.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
2-nltrophenol
4-nltrophenol
2,4-dlnltrophenol
4,6-dinttro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodimethylatnine
N-nltrosodiphenylamine
N-nltrosodi-n-propylamlne
pentachlorophenol
phenol
bls(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
dl-n-butyl phthalate
dl-n-octyl phthalate
dlethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.17
0.06
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
Day 2
0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.45
0.10
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
Day 3
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.65
0.02
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
en
o
o
2!
!
w
o
o
G
w
3
w
H
'f
W
W
•§
UJ
o
w
Q
O
K
W
O
I'
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
to
to
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
i;4. pyrene
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SECONDA:
73
O
o
c
2
M
>
CO
SUBCA
M
Q
O
K
to
M
n
'
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
N)
U)
U)
en
Pollutant
>-?xic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
36. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
]8. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
.4. antimony
if 5. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
chromium (hexavalent)
Stream
Code
6
6
6
6
6
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
701
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.003
<0.003
<0.005
<0.002
<0.0002
0.002
0.0002
0.014
0.003
0.015
*
Day 1
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
3.5
<0.003
0.25
<0.003
0.09
0.005
0.74
0.12
20.0
0.14
<0.02
Day 2
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
1.0
2.2
0.46
1.6
22.0
Day 3
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
5.2
1.0
0.17
0.48
14.0
co
o
§
o
1
s
o
H
O
a
w
"
CO
CO
a
o
1
O
O
«
w
w
o
HI
1
^
-------
to
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
20. copper
21. cyanide (total)
cyanide (free)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
^
126. silver
127. thallium
Stream
Code
6
701
6
701
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.017
2.3
0.052
0.41
0.26
0.03
<0.08
0.0002
0.0007
0.02
0.25
<0.002
<0.002
<0.0002
<0.0005
<0.001
<0.002
Day 1
12.0
5.7
170.0
100
29
3.4
<0.084
< 0.0001
0.0004
56.0
1.1
<0.002
0.18
0.26
<0.0005
1.2
<0.002
Day 2
340.0
11.0
9.7
<0.0001
700.0
<0.002
0.27
0.91
Day 3
130.0
25.0
2.1
<0.0002
1.8
<0.002
0.28
0.90
W
w
o
o
25
O
R
«ti
W
O
H
O
a
w
g
g
W
w
c
(0
o
n
o
o
K
to
M
O
hi
1
-------
N)
U)
vo
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Honconventlonal Pollutants
alkalinity
aluminum
barium
boron
calcium
cobalt
old
iron
magi slum
mangaae&e
Stream
Code
6
701
6
701
701
701
6
701
701
6
701
6
701
6
701
701
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
•"
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (ma/11
Source
<0.01 9
0.055
16 66
0.86 2
0.056
<0.009
13
4.2
0.044
0.025
0.15
0.29
0.94
3.1
1.3
0.013
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
>
,600 10,000 810
<0.003
,000 39,000 12,000
,100
0.012
<0.009
2.2 7.6 4.4
2.1
2.1
5.2 40 5.4
15
4.7 6.0 0.53
9.3
6.8 1.6 0.47
0.99
0.043
CO
w
8
NJ
o
K:
1
o
o
c
CO
Hj
CO
CO
§
n
HI
W
1
K
W
O
HI
I
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
to
LO
Pollutant
Honconventlonal Pollutants (Continued)
molybdenum
phenollcs
sodium
tin.
^tanlum
- anadlum
}• strlura
nventlonal Pollutants
1 and grease
: :Cal suspended solids
juH (standard units)
Stream
Code
701
6
701
701
701
701
701
6
6
6
701
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (tag/1)
Source
0.029
0.15
13 1
<0.12
0.12
0.073
<0.002
1.6
6.8
7
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
<0.002
0.02 0.07 0.37
,500
<0.12
0.13
0.094
<0.002
<1 <1
600 1,200 520
12.0 12.3 12.4
10
w
w
o
1
K$
M
0
H
O
C
w
2
Hi
j£J
en
w
a
w
o
Hi
M
Q
O
K
m
o
H3
i
<
nSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a) Reported together.
-------
Table V-16
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
K>
S i!9.
iO
:<0.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutant
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
cyanide (free)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/l)
Source
<0.003
<0.002
0.002
0.014
0.015
2.3
0.41
f\ rtC
<0.08
0.0007
0.25
<0.002
<0.0005
<0.002
0.055
Day 1 Day 2
<0.003
0.11
2.4
7.6
0.12
5,000
9,897
40
<0.08
0.0004
890
0.18
<0.0005
<0.002
56
w
Day 3 g
g
o
!*>
M
O
H
O
c
to
2
W
|
to
to
c
a
n
o
o
'K.
to
W
n
i
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Non conventional Pollutants
aluminum
barium
boron
calcium
M
o cobalt
P
gold
iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
sodium
tin
..Itanium
anadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
702
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.86
0.056
<0.009
4.2
0.044
0.15
0.94
1.3
0.013
0.029
13
<0.12
0.12
0.073
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER
w
Stream Sample Concentrations (nig/ 1) _ o
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 §
Conventional Pollutants ja
pH .standard units) 702 1 7 10
o
w
I
w
M
§
i
CO
w
o
I
<
"Sample Type Code; 1 - One-time grab
-------
Table V-17
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1. acenaphthene
acroleln
aerylonitrile
4. benzene
5. benztdlne
6. carbon tetraehloride
7. chlorobenzene
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
, 2
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
1
1
1
1
2
1
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
0.210
ND ND
ND
ND ND
w
o
o
55
O
Pd
w
o
H
o
a
to
3
M
(-3
to
w
§
o
5
w
Q
§
K
cn
w
o
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
NJ
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
8. 1 ,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
J=> 10. 1,2-dichloroethane
1 * » 1,1 ,1 -t rich loroe thane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1 , 1 -d i ch loroe thane
14. 1 ,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
•
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CO
hvl
ra
0
o
g
K
3
w
o
o
c
LT,
3
w
>
F"
CO
s
uu
n
2
Q
o
s
en
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
o 17. bis(chloroinethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
Stream Sample Concentrations (rag/1)
Code Typet Source
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
187 1 ND
4 2 ND
821 1
187 1 ND
4 2 ND
821 1
187 1 ND
4 2 ND
821 1
187 1 ND
4 2 ND
821 1
Day 1 Day 2
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
<0.01
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
W
n
i
a
§
Nj
Jd
w
n
H
O
c
w
i
t-i
tr1
ca
03
G
W
O
s
w
O
O
Hj
w
n
H
I
<
-------
NJ
O
C/l
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS HETALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
•• — •• N
yxic Pollutants (Continued)
22. p-chloro-ra-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorpbenzene
26. 1,3-dlchlorobenzene
2< . 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
I
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
CO
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.05
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
—
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
~ ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
t**j
Q
i
a
m
n
i
CO
s
W
>
Cfl
Cfl
§
n
*lji
S
w
Q
O
•a
w
w
n
Kf
i
<
1
/
/x
i
t, /i
-------
to
*».
o
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
vtic Pollutants (Continued)
>. 1,1-dichloroethylene
.0. 1,2-tran8~dlchloroethylene
31. 2,4-dlchlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,3-dlchloropropene
34, 2,4-dlraethylphenol
35. 2,4-dlnltrotoluene
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
0
O
5$
u
"I
w
M
O
H
O
w
3
W
B
tr<
W
W
O
H3
M
Q
O
t
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
.a6. 2,6-dlnitrotoluene
37. 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne
*»
o 38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. V-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chlorolsopropyl)ether
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
,*
ND
ND
in
W
O
Q
t»
K
^
W-
o
H
O
c
en
s
M
1
D3
W
C
td
o
S
m
Q
o
Kj
CO
H
O
t-3
I
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAH WASTEHATER
ro
^
o
CO
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy)raethane
^4. methylene chloride
5. nethyl chloride (chloronethane)
6. methyl bromide (broraoraethane)
7. Iromoform (tribromomethane)
48. Ji ^hlorobromomethane
49. trlchlorofluoromethane
Stream Sample Concentrations (ng/1)
Code Typet Source
187 1 ND
4 2 ND
821 1
-
187 1 ND
4 1 <0.01
821 1
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND ND
ND
<0.01 <0.01
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
0. dichlorodlfluoronethane
;1. chlorodibroraoraethane
2. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadlene
54. isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
J
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (ng/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
VI
w
o
i
o
K!
tj
w
o
H
O
a
m
3
w
51
F.
m
c
a
o
s
M
O
O,
Hj ,
» •>!
W
n
i
•<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
g 59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dtnitro-o-eresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylaraine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
~3. N-nitrosodi-n-propylaralne
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
M
O
Q
O
*
M
ra
o
H
a
tfl
1
1
IT1
w
w
w
o
" §
w
CD
O
H$
W
O
1
. <
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
M 66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
&/. butyl benzyl phthalate
c<8. di-n-butyl phthalate
9. di-n-octyl phthalate
1. diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
«. 4
821
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.026
0.02
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
0.073
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
Day 2 Day 3
ND
ND ND
ND
<0.01 ND
0.033
<0.01 <0.01
: •
ND
ND ND
0.002
<0.01 ND
ND
ND ND
ND
<0.01 <0.01
CO
o
o
1
K
JO
w
o
O;
w"
• 2
w
HI,
f
CO-
CO
ba
O:
^.:
M.
Q
O ,
nh
W
W
O
I
<
-------
to
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71, dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73• benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
, 5. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
Stream
Code
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Dar 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
to
w
n
o
55
d
1
»tf
R
o
2
CJ
w
g
SI
C-"
V)
S
Co
O
S
m
o
n
m
n
i
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY P1ECIOUS METALS SAHPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
OJ
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
7 8, anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghl)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene
(a)
82. dlbenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. Indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
187
4
321
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
'•„
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1) . __
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NIX
ND.
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
»•. •
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
T
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Ed
o
o
u
3
50
W
•a
H
o
G
§
g
r»
W
CO
g
n
w
Q
o
K
to
w
o
1^
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION. CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trlchloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
114. antimony
115. arsenic
w
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code Typet Source
187 1 ND
4
821
187
4
821
187
4
821
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
187 1 ND
4 2 ND
821 1
201 2 <0.01
187 1 <0.003
4 2 <0.003
821 1
201 2 <0.01
187 1 <0.003
4 2 <0.005
821 1
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.8
<0.003
1.7
2.4
0.027
0.061
Day 2
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
3.2
<0.003
0.6
<0.005
Day 3
ND
ND
,
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.32
<0.003
0.12
<0.005
». -j
o
1
1
Kj
g
w
o
H
O
G
W
S
w
n
B
w
w
G
w
o
s
M
Q
1
Cfl
w
o
i-i
i
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
H
Ul
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant '
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
117. .beryllium
118. cadmium
11 , chromium (total)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
Stream
Code
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
201
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
t
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.01
<0.01
<0.0002
<0.05
<0.01
0.0002
<0.05
<0.01
0.003
<0.05
<0.01
0.017
0.05
<0.02
0.052
Day 1
<0.01
0.001
<0.001
<0.05
0.001
4.4
0.75
0.012
0 .01 2
2.3
0.016
0.37
0.930
0.29
Day 2
<0.01
<0.0002
<0.05
0.001
0.70
0.003
2.7
0.038
0.15
0.840
Day 3
<0.01
<0.0002
<0.01
0.001
<0.01
0.004
0.15
0.017
<0.02
0.98
w
M
O
§
O
K
»
w
o
H
O
G
W
3
M
>
f
C
IB
O
i~S
M
n
o
Pd
K
en
M
o
1
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic ..'ollutants (Continued)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. ntckel
125. selenium
126. silver
Stream
Code
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
821
201
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.10
<0.10
0.030
0.0002
0.002
0.0002
<0.20
0.075
0.020
<0.10A
<0.003
<0.002
<0.01
<0.0005
<0.0002
„
Day 1
0.1
0.020
2.7
<0.0002
<0.0001
<0.001
1.8
0.009
4.6
B
7.0
7.4
1.9
0.003
0.53
Day 2
0.2
0.050
<0.0002
<0.0001
2.0
0.008
<0.1A
<0.002
1.6
0.002
Day 3
<0.10
0.250
<0.0002
<0.0001
0.43
0.018
0.019
<0.002
0.18
0.001
w
• w
o
i
o
1
HJ
w
o
H
o
G
w
S
w
>
w
OT
§
\fj
a
S
M
Q
O
5
W
w
o
I
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
(0
M
-J
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
127. thallium
128. zinc
Nonconventlonal Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
Stream
Code
201
187
4
821
201
18?
4
821
201
18?
201
187
4
201
187
201
187
821
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<0.01
<0.002
<0.001
0.10
2.5
<0.010
<1
<1
98
127
16
0.2
<0.05
0.04
<0.01
Day 1
B
<0.001
0.82
1.8
0.59
2.3
960
(1
280
<10
4
12
Day 2 Day 3
B
<0.002
<0.004 <0.004
2.5
6.9
0.26 0.39
<1
<|
4?
93,000
360 330
<10
<0.05
6.5
<0.01
w
w
o
hd
M
O
O
c
w
s
w
JN
M
w
w
o
w
o
o
w
9
I
<
-------
to
iN
H
00
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonconyentional Pollutants (Continued)
barium
boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
gold
iron
Stream
Code
201
187
201
187
201
187
4
201
187
201
187
201
187
201
187
4
201
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<0.05
0.07
<0.10
<0.009
37.7
11
13
<5 1
14 69
52
<0.05
<0.006
0.28
1.1
0.025
<0.05
0.31
0.29
Day 1
<5
-------
M
VD
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
S ^conventional Pollutants (Continued)
ra&gnesium
.
•p,".:;«ganese
ybdenum
p/.enolics
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
tin
Stream
Code
201
187
4
201
187
201
187
4
821
201
187
201
187
201
187
201
1B7
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
8.50
2.4
3.1
<0.05
<0.01
<0.05
<0.002
0.15
14
9.0 53
54
57 1
13
<0.05
<0.12
Day 1
<10
3.1
0.1
<5
0.089
0.05
5
,000 65
,000 15
59.4
Day 2
10
4.4
0.1
<5
0.067
<0.9
,000
72
,000
74.9
Day 3
4.3
3.1
0.06
<0.002
<0.001
<4
,000
260
<0.12
to
w
0
1
o
§
3
w
H
O
a
W
§
1-3
H
CO
to
§
o
w
K
-,
to
w
o
i
<
-------
K)
O
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
>nconventional Pollutanta (Continued)
titanium
total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
oil end grease
Stream
Code
201
187
201
187
201
187
201
187
201
187
201
187
4
821
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source
<0. 005
< 0.005
4.3
43
380 140,
410
<0.05
<0. 003
<0.05
<0. 002
0
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Conventional Pollutants
c otal suspended sol ids
pll (standard units)
to
to
H*
f Sample Type Code: 1 -
2 -
. ) Reported together.
Stream
Code
(Continued)
(TSS) 201
187
4
201
187
4
One-time grab
Manual composite during
Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
2 60 5,500 390
18 690
2 0 90 14 21
2 7.5 1.6 8.5
1 7.36 12.59
2 6.8 10.9 11.9 10.9
intermittent process operation
A - Detection limit raised due to interference.
B - Chemical interference.
CO
M
0
§
O
!
w
bd
o
H
O
CO
g
W
If
tr*
CO
CO
g
0
u
w
o
8
?
w
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-18
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
to
to
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
115. arsenic
1 7. beryllium
1*3. cadmium
9. chromium (total)
0. copper
' '. cyanide (total)
2. lead
3. mercury
, 4. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.050
<0.050
<0.050
0.05
<0.10
0.0002
<0.20
<0.10A
<0.010
<0.010
0.10
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
<0.50A
<0.20
0.150
0.10
3.40
100.0
<0.02
6.5
<0.0002
46.0
B
26.0
<0.5A
340.0
in
w
n
0
o
s
w
n
H
0
c
2
W
H
1
W
CJ
w
n
(-3
M
n
o
K
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
OJ
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
barium
boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
manganese
Stream
Code
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1
<1
98
0.20
0.04
<0.050
<0.10
37.7
<5 37
14 16
<0.050
0.28
<0.050
8.50
<0.050
(mg/1)
Day 2 Day 3
<1
850
109
570
<0.5
<1.0
44.0
,000
,000
1.0
0.65
10.0
10.0
0.30
to
M
Q
O
§
§
g
O
H
0
c
to
1-3
to
to
c
OJ
O
W
8
to
M
O
1-3
i
<
-------
to
*>.
Table V-18 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
GOLD PRECIPITATION AMD FILTRATION
RAW WASTEtfATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
molybdenum
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
tin
titanium
total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
Stream
Code
(Continued)
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
233
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1
<0. 050
14
9 2,
57 30,
<0. 050
<0. 050
4.3
380 240,
<0.050
<0.50
<1
(rag/1)
Day 2
2.0
130
390
000
<0. 5
<0. 5
140
000
<0. 5
<0.§
3
to
W
n
o
Day 3 g
I
1
o
H
O
c
w
s
M
f
CO
«
c
o
i
Q
O
W
w
o
n
1
<
-------
U1
Table V-18 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTIWATER
€0
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 g
g
Conventional Pollutants (Continued) g
toti;l suspended solids (TSS) 233 1 60 1,670 t*
pH (standard units) 233 1 7.5 9.3 Q
o
c
m
w
c
o
M
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
,' - Detection limit raised due to interference. m
.) - Chemical interference. (
<
-------
Table V-19
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
1 U'«. arsenic
117 beryllium
118. cadmium
119* chromium (total)
120. copper
1 21 . cyanide (total)
Stream
Code
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAH WASTEWATER
Pollutant
TOKJC Pollutants (Continued)
122. lead
123, mercury
w 124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127, thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
«
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1A
N0» 1A
<0.1A
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0,01
0.10
0,10
0.10
Day 1 Day 2
1.8
6.8
6.2
<0.0002
<0.0002
<0.0002
30.0
8.0
8.8
B
\0 • 1 A
<0,1A
9.4
10,0
1.8
<0,1A
<0.01
<0.04A
170
180
270
8
Day 3 g
a
g
K
s
s
o
H
8
w
3
w
>
Crt
a
G
>
w
n
o
R
w
r!
^
i
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
CO
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
barium
boron
calcium
Stream
Code
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
230 1
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
1 <1
<1
<1
98
98
98
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
37.7
37.7
37.7
Source
s
98
98
98
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.1
<0.1
37.7
37.7
37.7
Day 1
2,500
<1
<1
5,060
<0.5
<1
10
Day 2 Day 3
9,000
9,500
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAHPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
w
Pollutant
o
i'lcnconventional Pollutants (Continued)
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
230 1 <5 24000
g
o
chloride 230 1 14 10,000 o
g
£ cobalt
«>
fluoride
magnesium
Stream
Code
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source
<5
<5
<5
14
14
14
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.28
0.28
0.28
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
8.5
8.5
8.5
Day 1
34,000
10,000
<0.5
0.28
4.8
2
CmR/1)
Day 2 Day 3
24,000
40,000
12,000
41 ,000
0.3
0.4
0.8
0.37
21
31
9
4
w
«
iron 230 1 <0.05 4.8
to
i
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
ficoconventional Pollutants (Continued)
CO
O
molybdenum
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
tin
Stream
Code
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.050
<0.050
<0.050
14
14
14
9.00
9.00
9.00
57
57
57
<0.050
<0.050
<0.050
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
0.1
0.3
0.3
<0.5
0.7
0.6
<4
54
25.7
160
5,500
200,000
2,700
3.4
18.4
5.6
en
td
n
§
o
n
H
O
c!
Cn
3
td
en
en
C
w
n
Q
O
w
n
I
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonepnyentiona1 Po1lutants (Continued)
titanium
total organic carbon (TOC)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations ^mg/1)
Source
<0. 050
<0. 050
<0. 050
4.3
4.3
4.3
380
380
380
<0. 050
<0.050
<0. 050
<0. 50
<0.50
<0.50
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
<0.5
0.25
0.4
2,700
34
2,600
170,000
250,000
55,000
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
to
it*
W
tO
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
ConventionalPollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
tSample Type Code; 1 - One-time grab
A - Detection limit raised due to interference.
B Chemical interference.
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1
60
60
60
7.5
7.5
7.5
200
1.6
Day 2 Day 3
630
210
0.1
0.2
w
M
O
O
55
O
m
o
H
o
G
w
M
W
03
a
M
o
s
K
Q
I
W
M
O
H3
-------
Table V-20
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION
RAW WASTEWATER
K)
Pollutant
?£ :
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION
RAW WASTEWATER
to
tb.
w
*»
Pollutant
^conventional Pollutants
aluminum
o srium
boron
calcium
cobalt
iron
magnesium
manganese
molybdenum
sodium
tin
titanium
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
703
Sample
Typet
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
0.86
0.056
<0.009
4.2
0.044
0.15
0.94
1.3
0.013
0.029
13
<0»12
0.12
0.073
<0.002
Day 1 Day 2
4.0
<0.001
0..67
2.6
0.11
1,4
27
0.77
0.041
0.1
520
<0.12
0.84
0.18
0.06
w
w
Day 3 n
o
S
*
§
o
H
O
-a
u)
1
3
w
w
c
o
w
8
H!
w
o
1
^
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream Sample Gone en t r a t i ona (m% /1) tq
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 g
|
Gonventional PoIlutanta §
pH (standard units) 703 1 7 10 £
Q
H
§
to
CO
G
tfl
I
M
W
W
8
tSarople Type Code; 1 - One-time grab
-------
Table V-21
M
U)
a\
Pollutant
T.--xic Pollutants
1/5.
.117,
U9'
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
releniura
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
U1-
1X2-
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream
Code
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag^l)
Source
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.10
0.0002
<0.20
<0.1A
<0.01
<0.01
0.10
Day 1
0.08
<0.05A
<0.01
0.6
1.1
280.0
0.13
8.0
<0.0002
12.0
<0.1A
0.26
<0.05A
440.0
Day 2 Day 3
0.06
<0.05A
<0.01
0.1
0.35
21.0
0.11
1.3
<0.0002
1.8
<0.1A
0.09
<0.01
9.2
w
w
o
o
25
O
50
1
O
H
O
c
to
3
M
3*
to
to
c
w
o
tl
Q
O
$
W
w
o
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-21 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
;minum
,.~,monia nitrogen
oar turn
boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
tnagnes ium
manganese
Stream
Code
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concent rat Ions
Source
98
0.20
0.04
<0.050
<0.10
37.7
<5
14
<0.050
0.28
<0.050
8.50
<0.050
Day 1
1,080
<1
5.5
120
<0.05
0.2
43.7
37.000
<1
0.45
0.47
39.8
9.3
0.3
(mR/1)
Day 2 Day 3
<1
360
4.9
75
<0.05
0.2 *
34.2
6,200
490
0.05
0.4
12.0
7.9
0.15
05
Q
O
t>
K
W
Q
H
O
G
M
S
w
$
w
GO
c
w
o
M
O
O
a
w
w
<^
1
<
-------
03
Table V-21 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
RAW WASTEtfATER
to
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
molybdenum
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
tin
c itanium
total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
'anadium
••ttrium
Conventional Pollutants
Stream
Code
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source
<0.050
14
9
57
<0.050
<0.050
4.3
380
<0.050
<0.50
Day 1
0.05
<4
44
2,900
7.55
<0.05
15
120
<0.05
<0.05
(mg/1)
Day 2 Day 3
0.45
<1
478
3,000
3.3
<0.5
15
2,600
*
<0.05
<0.05
t j
Q
as
o
5«
|
o
H
O
c
M
3
W
w
w
C
do
Q
§
M
Q
O
50
K
W
M
Q
i-i
., il and grease 228
-------
to
£>.
U)
VO
Table V-21 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
RAW WASTEWATER
Stream
Code
Sample
Typet
c«
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source Day 1
Day 2 Day 3 8
1
Pollutant
Conventional Pollutants (Continued)
totai suspended solids (TSS) 228 1 60 20 760 g
w
pH (standard units) 228 1 7.5 1.8 10.9 Q
o
a
w
I
1
1
o
Q
O
C/l
Sample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab w
(-3
. - Detection limit raised due to interference. ,
<^
'* - Chemical interference.
-------
Table V-22
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
NJ
£k
*»
O
Pollutant
T_ etc Pollutants
acenaphthene
2 acrolein
3. aeryIonitrtie
4. benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachlorlde
7. chlorobenzene
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (rag/1) rn
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND ,
Day'l
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
~
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 w
O
S5
O
i
#-U
ND ^
j|
O
H
O
ND g
s
H
j-3
ND ti
w
tn
G
W
ND $
1-3
fed
Q
O
ND K
w
w
ND ^
i
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
to
*»
H-
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dlchloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.0!
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 w
o
o
23
a
I
W
m
n
H
ND §
w
S
w
ND g|
w
en
a
ND p
SI
w
1
ND *
w
ND a
HI
I
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
*• 17, bis(chloromethyl)ether
to
18, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
0.020
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.030
en
. ..-.- hrt
Day 3 n
B
Kj
ND *
H
n
o
d
ND in
&
M
§
ND £
en
a
ND g
8
S
ND
en
w
n
ND H
i
<
0.020
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
Toxic PoJlutanta (Continued)
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
g 24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1»2-dichlorobenzene
2i 1,3-dlchlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dtchlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
\
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.050
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.010
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
M
n
o
o
Kj
s
w
o
H
Q
c
M
g
1
W
03
C
W
n
U3
I
Q
O
s
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
. '
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
K)
*»
•t*.
tn
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
36, 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-broraophenyl phenyl ether
'2. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
•t
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND ,
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
Day 3 o
o
525
0
Kj
ND -g
M
o
H
o
c
ND »
S
M
>
ND w.
to
s
O;
ND §
w
Q
O
K!
ND
w'
M
0
ND ^
i
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
43. bls(2-ehloroethoxy)niethane
44. methylene chloride
^ O. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. uethyl bromide (bromomethane)
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoroemthane
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
0.040
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
ND
ND ND
ND
0.010 <0.01
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
ND ND
ND
<0.01 <0.01
ND
ND ND
w
n
i
o
K
US
W
I
o
H
O
CJ
W
3
W
n
M
cn
w
G
w
o
*WJ
s
w
Q
O
K
W
M
O
l-i
I
<
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
*».
*».
Pollutant
1 :ic Pollutants (Continued)
1 ;. dlchlorodifluororaethane
chlorodibromomethane
:'/:. hexachlorobutadiene
.3. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
. ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
en
Day 3 g
O
S5
a
3
ND v
yo
M
O
H
o
ND S
3
W
!>
ND £J
en
a
o
ND >
Hi
Q
O
»
ND
M
W
ND ^
i
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
*>.
00
Pollutant
L..xlc Pollutants (Continued)
!j7. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
51. N-nitrosodiraethylaraine
s2. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63, N-;iitrosodi-n-propylamine
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
0.040
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 o
O
as
o
»
K
ND a
s
o
H
o
f»*t
ND w
3
s
ND M
w
§
\J*r
O
ND g
M
Q
O
S
ND
w
m
o
ND 3
i
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
M
*»
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
7. butyl benzyl phthalate
.8. dl-n-butyl phthalate
2. dl-n-octyl phthalate
0. diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.026
0.020
ND
ND
ND
ciu
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
Day 1
<0.01
ND
0.020
ND
0.040
<0.010
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.010
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
Day 2
ND
a
I
ND *
w
M
ND S
,
<
<0.01
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK. EFFLUENT
NJ
*»
tn
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
?4. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (TOR/!)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
.
ND
ND
Day 3 |
0
o
KJ
ND M
a
w
o
H
o
ND Q
s
"
ND $
CO
CO
i
ND p
M
Q
§
ND X
CO
M
ND o
1-3
1
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
K)
£>.
in
Pollutant
To. Ic Pollutants (Continued)
78 anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
i
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1) Tn
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 w
" in {*%
o
1
5
ND v
JO
M
O
H
o
ND G
to
s
1-3
ND ?
to
w
§
ND P
!3
Q
o
ND *
w
M
ND g
i
<
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
T..XJC Pollutants (Continued)
f5. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
to
g; 87. trlehloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
114. antimony
'15. arsenic
Stream
Code
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
Concentrations (mR/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.003
<0.003
<0.010
<0.003
<0.005
Day 1
ND
ND
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAHPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
117. beryllium
11, cadmium
N)
*».
tn
U>
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
Stream
Code
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.010
<0.01
<0.0002
<0.050
<0.01
0.0002
<0.050
<0.01
0.0003
<0.050
<0.01
0.017
0.05
<0.02
0.052
Day 1
1.4
0.012
6
0.21
31.0
<0.001
1
220
14
<0.001
0.67
Day 2
0.36
<0.01
1.32
28.0
3.4
5.8
25.0
11.1
15.0
,800
55.0
210
<0.02
<0.02
<0.0001
Day 3
0.05
1.9
16.0
8.8
2.8
19.0
150.0
320
<0.02
<0.001
tn
M
O
O
S3
O
50
t$
50
M
O
H
O
en
' S
M
%
en
en
C
w
o
§
M
Q
o
a
en
w
o
i
«*•
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
KJ
£*
tn
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
122. lead
123. mercury
124, nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
Stream
Code
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.10
<0.10
0.020
0.0002
0.002
0.0002
<0.10A
0.075
0.020
<0.10A
<0.003
<0.002
<0.010
<0.0005
<0.0002
Day 1
100
5.0
0.013
0.003
110
0.95
64
2.2
1.4
0.34
Day 2
490.0
10
80
<0.0002
<0.0002
<0.0001
470.0
220
80
B
0.007
<0.002
4.90
0.96
3.9
Day 3
90.0
110
<0.0002
<0.0001
22.0
110
B
<0.002
14.0
0.0013
w
B
o
O
2!
U
1
*ti
B
O
H
O
G
W
B
>
W
W
o
w
o
o
»
K
en
o
i
<
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
to
*»
en
cn
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
127. thallium
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants.
acidity
alkalinity
alum, num
ammonia nitrogen
Stream
Code
203
185
3
822
203
185
3
822
203
185
203
185
3
203
185
203
185
822
Sample
Typet
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
i
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
Concentrations (ng/1)
Source
<0.010
<0.002
<0.001
0.100
2.5
<0.010 3,
\1
98
127
16
0.20
<0.050
0.04
<0.01
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
B B
<0.002
0.310 0.400 0.730
0.51
34,000 22,000
4,500
400 2,800 3,400
1.0
8,000 930
85
<1 <1
<1
1,070.0 50.0
44
3,300 8.5
980
340
w
o
o
0
t?
50
M
O
H
O
a
w
s
M
1-3
W
W
O
i?
w
1
K
cn
W
O
1
.
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
barium
boron
calciu.a
to
*»
o\ chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
go d
iror;
Stream
Code
203
185
203 .
185
203
185
3
203
185
203
185
203
185
203
185
3
203
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day
<0.050
0.070
<0. 10
<0.009
37.7
11
15 16
<5
14
52
<0.050
<0.006
0.28
1.1
0.025 2.9
<0.050
0.31
0.29 2,100
5,400
1 Day 2
<5.0
1.9
10.0
35
80.0
150
19
20,000 >50,
78,000 11,
56,000
15.0
14.5
5.0
3.1
4.4
790.0
825
1,900 2,
Day 3
<5.0
<10.0
50.0
20
000
000
<5
1.1
4.2
160.0
600
M
O
O
Z
O
1
S
w
O
O
a
en
3
w
1-1
£1
w
w
§
O
w
Q
O
K
CO
w
i
-------
U1
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
^conventional Pollutants (Continued)
gneslura
•... igant 3e
molyl arjm
phenol; cs
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
tin
Stream
Code
203
185
3
203
185
203
185
3
822
203
185
203
185
203
185
203
185
Sample
Typet
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Concentrations (mg/l)
Source
8.50
2.4
3.1
<0.050
<0.01
<0.050
<0.002
0.015
14
9.00
54
57
13
<0.050
<0.12
Day 1 Day 2
100.0
28
33 34
6.60
6.2
10.0
0.89
0.78 0.44
0.092
2,090.0
?.0,000
82,000 41
195
54.9
<0.12
Day 3
20.0
56
1.40
<5.0
0.51
210
940.0
,000
9.9
o
o
25
0
§
K
M
n
o
o
M
S
M
1-1
tr"
w
w
g
o
K!
n
Q
o
S
en
M
o
,
-------
tn
00
fable V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
onconventional Pollutants
titanium
total organic carbon (TOC)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
Stream
Code
(Continued)
203
185
203
185
203
185
203
185
203
185
203
185
3
822
Sample
Typet
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.050
<0. 005
4.3
43
380
410
<0. 050
<0. 003
<0. 50
<0. 002
<,
<1
1.6
Day 1 Day 2
125.0
0.16
450
166
17,000 120,
77,000
<5.0
0.090
<5.0
0.012
4
<1
33 35
30
Day 3
<5.0
590
000
<5.0
<5.0
3
14
w
m
o
53
I
K!
50
M
O
H
c
W
1
n
f
m
m
c
O
hi
Q
O
K
w
w
a
Hi
-------
KJ
(Jl
UJ
Table V-22 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CEMENTATION TANK EFFLUENT
Pollutant
Conventional Pollutants (Continued)
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
203
185
3
203
185
3
Sample
Typet
2
1
3
2
1
3
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
60
8
7.5
7.36
6.8
Day 1 Day 2
570
895
48 100
0.40
3.75
0.3 0.5
Day 3
70
61
1.00
1 .2
w
w
o
r\
i
a
K
ja
n
H
o
a
w
g
W
i-l
w
w
a
n
w
Q
tsample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab O
2 - Manual composite during intermittent process operation K
3 - 8-hour manual composite
(a) leported together. w
> w
a
A - Detection limit raised due to interference, ^
i
B - Chemical interference.
-------
Table V-23
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Polb' to ants
' ,4. antimony
to
*>.
ov
o
arsenic
7. beryllium
118. cadmium
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Cone
Source
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0,01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
:entratior
Day 1
<0.40A
<0.20A
<0.50A
<0.20A
<0.50A
<0.01
0.04
<0.05A
<0.05A
X0.10A
<0.20A
<0.40A
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
1.70
2.20
2.40
2.30
2.30
3.6
is (mg/l)
Day 2
0.40
<0.50A
0.18
<0.01
<0.20A
<0.20A
0.06
<0.05A
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0.20A
<0.05A
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.02
7.80
3.90
3.90
4.0
4.1
2.3
Day 3
0.120
<0.50A
<0.01
<0.20A
<0.20A
0.390
0.03
<0.05A
<0.05A
<0.10A
<0.20A
<0.05A
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.08
5.90
5.70
5.30
5.60
5.7
5.7
en
M
o
Q
o
%
V
w
o
H
O
en
2
B
*J
en
en
o
$
8
a
en
M
o
,
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
119. chromium (total)
M
*»
a\
120. copper
;1:1. cyanide (total)
122. lead
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
Day 1
Day 2
en
W
o
§
O
5
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
2.0
1.50
1.40
1.40
1.6
1.8
200.0
370.0
390.0
400.0
430
210
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
24.0
25.0
26.0
24.0
25.0
23.0
6.30
3.20
2.80
2.80
2.8
1.4
520.0
300.0
320.0
330.0
330
100
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
110.0
39.0
33.0
33.0
32.0
19.0
3.50
3.20
3.0
2.80
2.9
3.5
230.0
320.0
310.0
330.0
340
190
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
72.0
44.0
36.0
34.0
35.0
33.0
K!
m
is
o
H
O
CO
^*T
g
IT1
to
to
s
w
p
M
8
50
to
w
o
1
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES -.PLANT A
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
123. mercury
to
*>.
CT\
NJ
124. nickel
?25. selenium
26. silver
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
<0.20
<0.20
<0.20
<0.20
<0.20
<0.20
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0.tOA
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Day 1
0.001
0.005
0.003
0.009
0.008
0.007
24.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
48.0
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0.10A
<0 . 1 OA
<0.10A
1.30
1.80
1.30
1.50
1.40
0.94
Day 2
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.04
0.018
0.051
130.0
58.0
62.0
64.0
64.0
36.0
<0.10A
B
B
<0.10A
B
<0.10A
4.30
2.20
1.90
2.40
2.10
0.74
Day 3
0.008
0.009
0.004
0.008
0.021
0.009
57.0
68.0
66.0
68.0
68.0
90.0
<0.10A
B
B
<0.10A
B
B
2.70
2.90
2.0
1.40
1.30
1 .0
M
M
n
o
S3
- o
K
TJ
M
n
H
o
M
1
>
M
M
C
n
1-3
M
Q
o
s
M
w
n
1
<
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Toxlfc Pollutants
127. thallium
128. zinc
to
K. conventional Pollutants
: dity
xalinity
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
.Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
B
<0.50A
<0.20A
<0.02A
<0.50A
<0.5A
1,800 8,
2,600 4,
2,600 4,
2,600 4,
2,800 4,
4,100 2,
5,800 8,
<1
<1
<1
<1
12
Day 2
<0.20A
<0.20A
B
<0.50A
<0.02A
B
400 6
100 6
400 6
500 6
500 6
600 6
400
170
29
28
17
53
Day 3
B
<0.20A
<0.50A
B
<0.5A
B
,200
,200
,000
,100
,300
,100
980
180
18
29
29
48
98
98
98
98
98
98
23
23
26
41
w
w
o
o
a
o
H
o
a
w
I
r*
en
w
a
w
o
H
w
CD
o
w
w
o
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Nor, conventional Pollutants (Continued)
al. inura
K>
fe
a\
£*.
ammonia nitrogen
barium
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
<0.10
1,5.0
15.0
15.0
17.0
16.0
28.0
470
670
580
590
1,080
1,700
1.0
<0.5
<0.5
<0,5
<0.5
<0.5
<1.0
<1 .0
<1 .0
<1 .0
<1 .0
<1 .0
230.0
96.0
103.0
107.0
105.0
34.0
110
670
700
760
760
640
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
3.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
<1 .0
112.0
121.0
121.0
126.0
128.0
138.0
1,100
1 ,100
1,100
910
1,150
770
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
w
w
o
i
V
8
o
H
8
w
w
a
w
o
M
n
o
M
o
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Nonconventtonal Pollutants (Continued)
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
in
chloride
cobalt
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
3
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Concentrations (nig/1)
Source
37
37
37
37
37
3.7
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
14
14
14
14
14
14
<0
<0
<0
<0
<0
<0
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
4
6
3
5
3
3
12
28
15
32
15
18
Day
36
36
36
37
35
36
,000
,100
,900
,000
,200
,600
,000
,000
,000
,000
;000
,000
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
>50
2
3
4
5
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.0
6
13
21
14
14
15
14
Day
2
44.0
38.0
39.0
39.0
38.0
37.0
,000
,400
,700
,900
,500
,200
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
3
2
2
2
2
1
.50
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
3
5
5
7
8
8
4
8
9
Day 3
37
38
37
37
38
40
,100
,400
,400
,600
,200
,100
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
2
2
2
2
2
2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
en
o
§
I
hd
»
W
O
H
O
C
w
3
W
g
IT"
W
W
C
tt)
o
!3
w
Q
O
OT
O
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Npjiconyentlonal Pollutants (Continued)
fluoride
to
(TV
O\
iron
magnesium
manganese
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
w
M
o
o
I
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
2.4
2.3
0.48
0.61
0.32
0.68
20.0 '
29.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
250.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.0
8.0
0.15
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.25
1.30
0.13
0.85
0.88
0.86
0.87
0.63
200.0
79.0
84.0
86.0
83.0
190.0
28.0
16.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
11.0
0.85
0.75
0.85
0.85
0.85
1.20
0.73
0.88
0.87
0.89
0.92
1.01
110.0
120.0
110.0
110.0
120.0
340.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
21.0
0.90
1 .20
1.10
1 .20
1.10
2.60
K
t)
M
O
H
O
c
w
S
m
n
w
w
S
09
O
HI
M
O
S
W
m
o
i
<
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Noncoir entlonal Pollutants (Continued)
molybdenum
to
*>,
a\
phosphate
soclutn
sulfate
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0
<0
<0
<0
<0
<0
14
14
14
14
14
14
9
9
9
9
9
9
57
57
57
57
57
57
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
13
37
3
1
1
9
9
10
10
11
6
9
9
10
12
9
Day 1
2.0
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
.000
,000
,000
,300
680
500
,250
,540
,480
,500
,200
,600
,000 1
,000 1
,000 1
,000 1
,000 1
,000 1
2
8
8
8
8
8
5
1
5
0
2
1
Day 2
3.0
1.0
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
600
340
360
380
380
130
,650
,150
,300
,920
,640
,780
,000 1
,000 1
,000 1
,000 1
.000 1
,000 1
6
6
7
7
9
1
5
1
3
5
8
Day 3
1.50
<0.050
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
310
360
360
410
600
600
799.0
,910
,860
,290
,410
,390
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
w
o
i
••a
o
M
o
§
CO
CO
G
Cd
O
i
Q
I
<
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
icon-entlonal Pollutants (Continued)
tin
ro
*t
ON
03
titanium
total organic carbon (TOT)
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
w
M
o
I
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
56.9
5.70
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<5.0
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
100
150
140
130
150
150
22.4
31.4
6.4
to
w
G
O
m
Q
O
«!
01
m
o
i
<
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
Noncpnyenttonal Pollutants (Continued)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
209
212
215
218
221
224
Sample
Typet
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
380
380
380 37
380 38
380 42
380 53
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
X0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Day 1
40
34
,000 39
,000 41
,000 41
,000 35
<0;50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
Day 2
,000 30
,000 41
,000 42
,000 '43
,000 44
,000 46
<0.50
<0.50
X0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
Day 3
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
t~*4
5CONDARY
HJ
ra
n
O
w
S
W
t-1
w
w
a
o
w
8-
S,
w
w
o
1-1
1
<
-------
Table V-23 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Pollutant
£'• wentional Pollutants
. 1 and grease
NJ
*>.
. .:al suspended solids (TSS)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
209 1
212 1
215 1
218 1
221 1
224 1
209 5
212 5
215 5
218 5
221 5
224 6
209 5
212 5
215 5
218 5
221 5
224 6
tSample Type Code; 1 - One-time grab
5 - 24-hour manual composite
6 - 24-hour automatic composite
A - Detection limit raised due to interference.
B - Chemical interference.
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
pH (st ncird units)
OT
W
o
o
125
O
tr<
W
a
ro
o
w
Q
O
$
K
W
W
O
1
<
-------
Table V-24
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
NJ
Pollutant
ic Pollutants
acenaphthene
aerolein
aerylonltrile
benzene
u benzidlne
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dtchloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichlopoethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-d ichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
Stream
Code
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 *
o
Dt*
SO
K
W
O
H
O
a
. s
w
g
to
Cfl
a
td
O
M
O
K
CO
M
O
. H
I
<
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
K)
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16, chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-eresol
23. chloroform
2^«. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidlne
Stream
Code
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
o
25
O
1
1
n
H
o
a
CO
2
w
s*
tr1
w
03
a
o
w
a
o
K
w
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/l) tn
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 o
g
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) p
2
29. 1,1-dlchloroethylene 184 1 ND ND *
hj
30. 1.2-trana-dlchIoroethylene 184 1 ND ND w
o
31. 2,4-dlchlorophenol 184 1 ND ND O
w
w --2. 1 ,2-dlchioropropane 184 1 ND ND s
itk W
w 3. 1,3-dichloropropene 184 1 ND ND >
:;>4. 2,4-diraethylphenoI 184 1 ND ND w
S
:>. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 184 1 ND ND n
>
,. 2,6-dtnitrotoluene 184 1 ND ND i
Q
7. 1,2-diphenylhydrazlne 184 1 ND ND »
K ethylbenzene 184 1 ND ND
. fluoranthene 184 1 ND ND w
>i
. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 184 1 ND ND ,
•^
4i. 4-broraophenyl phenyl ether 184 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-chloroL3opropyl)ether 184 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Stream Sample Concent rat tons (rog/1) w
Pollutant Code Typet SourceDay 1Day 2Day 3 M
" i'ii-"""""l ' » i m I •«1""1" « '• •"• '« iiii..iurf bin *« « :: :v - Iz:; - - in i T ffiin in " ' ™ I*_i imnniiii j_ mil — ullLr-m:i nni | J
Q
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) @
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)raethane 184 1 ND ND K
44. methylene chloride 184 1 ND ND g
o
45. methyl chloride (ch1oromethane) 184 1 ND ND o
c
w
5. methyl bromide (bromoraethane) 184 1 ND ND _
a
S
. broraoform (tribroraomethane) 184 1 ND ND 5
P
3. dichlorobromoraethane 184 1 ND ND U
w
G
9.. trichlorofluorome thane 184 1 ND ND ®
>
.0. dlchlorodlfluororae thane 184 1 ND ND el
O
51. chlorodibroraome thane 184 1 ND, ND M
K;
52. hexachlorobutadiene 184 1 ND ND
S3. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 184 1 ND ND M
54. isophorone 184 1 ND ND (
55. naphthalene 184 1 ND ND <
56. nitrobenzene 184 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Stream Sample Concentrations (rog/1) w
Pollutant ' Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 g
s;
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) >
• fd
57. 2-nitrophenol ,184 1 ND ND
»
58. 4-nitrophenol 184 1 ND ND g
H
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol 184 1 ND ND |
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 184 1 ND ND |
• . • • 9-
61. N-nitrosodiraethylamine 184 1 ND ND $
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine 184 1 ND ', ND w
i
63. N-nitrosodl-n-propylaniine 184 1 ND ND g;
. n
'* ' W'
64. pentachlorophenol 184 1 ND ND Q(
65. phenol 184 1 ND 0.028 *'
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 184 1 0.026 0.030
to
67. butyl benzyl phthalate 184 1 ND ND o
:'. • '" . *^ i
b8. di-n-butyl phthalate 184 1 ND 0.002 ' '
<
9. di-n-octyl phthalate 184 t ND 0.001
70. diethyl phthalate 184 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
NJ
£»•
•*J
CTi
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. oenzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghl)perylene
80. fluorene
v 1. phenanthrene (a)
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
."*-. indeno (1,2,3-e,d)pyrene
'(•: 4. py r ene
Stream
Code
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
184
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
"V, ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 E
— —
x
a
K;
1
n
H
o
a
W
M
3
f
tn
OT
i
U3
o
i
1
K
tn
W
o
?
*
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86 toluene
87 triehloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117, .beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
Stream
Code
184
184
184
184
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.6
0.20
0.35
0.84
0.12
0.061
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
1.0
<0.01
0.42
0.22
0.11
Day 2
-
0.21
0.097
0.073
0.023
<0.01
<0.01
0.53
<0.01
0.04
<0.01
Day 3
1.8
0.29
0.43
0.043
<0.01
<0.01
0.81
<0.01
0.21
<0.01
w
m
o
o
ha
m
o
H
o
w
2
f
w
w
c
t»
n
Hi
w
8
1«
en
w
o
H
i
<
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
KJ
**
•xj
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
122, lead
123.. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. stiver
Stream
Code
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
184
011
012
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.01
M
Q
O
3
W
w
o
I
<
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
127. thallium
128. zinc
NonconyentionalPollutanta
acidity
alkalinity
alum:.num
ammonia nitrogen
Stream
Code
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
Sample
Typet
Concentrat ions (mg/1)
Source
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
Day 1
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
Day 2
<0.002
<0.002
Day 3
<0.002
<0.002
2.5 1,900
2.5 2,800
2.5 56
0.30 1,300
6.9 41
1 127 >8,000
127 >8,000
127 1,200
<0.05 7.7
<0.05 49
<0.05 2.8
<0.01 2,300
<0.01 2,300
1 <0.01 670
1,090
1,000
24
1.8
220
1,070
8,400
1,460
11
<0.05
<0.01
<0.01
w
M
O
§
O
O
H
O
G
W
I
w
en
i
O
§
w
Q
O
W
n
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
o
Pollutant
Noucoventional Pollutants (Continued)
barium
boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cot^lt
fluoride
Stream
Code
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
184
011
012
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.07
0.07
0.07
<0.009
<0.009
<0.009
11
11 9
11
52 40
52 45
52 .21
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
1.1
1.1
1.1
Day 1
0.66
1.2
0.24
3.8
2.9
3.4
430
,600 6
730 5
,000
,000 33
,000
4.6
5.7
0.70
11.0
0.81
7.9
Day 2
1.1
0.85
2.7
2.2
,000 1
,200
,000 1
200 1
2.7
0.17
1.9
2.0
Day 3
0.71
0.05
3.4
3.3
,100
19
990
640
,000
,200
2.9
0.18
1.5
7.9
w
w
n
o
55
O
£
Ss
§
O
j_l
0
c
CO
1
>
w
w
o
>
1-3
M
Q
O
Kj
*
W
n
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
ro
Pollutant
- coventtonal Pollutants (Continued)
n
^^nesiuai
mangam se
molybdenum
phosphate
sodium
sulfate
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code Typet Source
184 1 0.31
011 1 0.31
012 1 0.31
184 1 2.4
Oil 1 2.4
012 1 2.4
184 1 <0.01
011 1 <0.01
012 1 <0.01
184 1 <0.002
Oil
012
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
<0S002
<0.002
54 26
54 16
54 14
13 3
13
13 2
Day 1
310
460
1.1
15.0
21.0
1.0
3.0
5.0
<0.01
0.23
0.15
0.039
,000
,000 13
,000 11
,400
<0.6
,100
Day 2 Day 3
200
0
12
1
2
<0
0
0
,000
,000
930
830
200
.15 0.21
.0 11.0
.3 2.2
.4 2.2
.01 <0.01
.075 0.13
.019 0.066
<4
<4
22,000
23,000
2,500
1,500
f&
M
Q
O
KJ
to
O
1
<
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Pollutant
onconventional Pollutants (Continued)
tin
titanium
to
£ total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
184
011
012
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (rng/1)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source
<0. 12
<0. 12
<0. 12
<0. 005
<0. 005
<0. 005
43
43
43
410 87,
410 93,
410 42,
<0. 003
<0. 003
<0.003
<0.002
<0. 002
< 0.002
Day 1
<0. 12
<0. 12
<0.12
0.26
2.1
0.056
38
97
94
000
000 61 ,
000 52,
0.072
0.17
0.063
0.015
0.014
0.014
Day 2
1.3
6.9
1.0
0.11
110
140
000 72,
000 43,
0.078
0.09
0.064
0.046
Day 3
<0. 12
<0. 12
0.19
<0. 005
260
130
000
000
<0. 003
<0. 003
0.006
<0. 002
w
w
o
o
I
w
o
H
O
a
w
s
M
H
w
w
a
w
o
s
M
O
W
W
i
<
-------
Table V-24 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
Pollutant
Convent iona1 Po1lu tan tg
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pi (standard units)
S t ream
Code
184
Oil
012
184
Oil
012
184
011
012
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
0
o
<1
8 5
8 2
8 2
7.36
7.36
7.36
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
<1
6 <1 <1
<1 <1 <1
,700
,300 3,900 4,500
,500 5,700 53
8.61
10.09 10.00 8.76
9.94 10.07 8.65
tn
w
o
O
1
hj
m
a
H
o
tn
2
w
H
w
w
c
w
o
ft!
Q
O
Kj
o
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a) Reported together.
-------
Table V-25
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
00
Pollutants
, . acenaphthene
2. acrolein
acrylonltrile
benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1 ,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
en
w
o
o
1
»t}
w
o
H
8
CO
g
S
CO
CO
G
W
o
w
Q
O
s
w
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
*>.
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
I . 1,1,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. 1,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
1?. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
in
M
0
O
D
%
V
M
Q
H
O
c
in
3
Hi
B
en
en
§
0
w
O
I
en
M
0
H
I
^
-------
ro
£>
oo
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
*
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
2j. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
ib. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
1
1
3
6
3
6
3
6
1
1
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.05
0.05
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.06
0.13
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
M
0
O
*
d
3
»
M
0
H
O
c
to
g
H3
F
w
w
s
w
o
(-3
M
Q
O
JO
to
W
O
1-3
1
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
£t
*J
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
28. ^,3'-dlchlorobenzldlne
29. 1,1-dlchloroethylene
30. 1,2-trans-dlchloroethylene
31. 2,4-dlchlorophenol
; . 1,2-dlchloropropane
1 ,3-dichloropropene
1 i. 2,4-dlraethylphenol
>5. 2,4-dlnitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dlnitrotoluene
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
1
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NB
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
o
O
25
KJ
!fl
M
O
H
O
a
w
s
M
W
C/l
c
13)
O
i-3
M
Cl
O
KJ
w
w
o
1-3
i
<•
-------
to
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
Tox * c Pollutants (Continued)
37. 1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
03
00 40. 4-ehlorophenyl phenyl ether
41 . 4-broraophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane
44. methylene chloride
45. methyl chloride (chlorome thane)
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
1
1
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
w
w
o
2
tJ
§
H*
»tJ
M
O
H
O
c
CO
S
w
Hi
Jr<
w
w
a
w
o
Hi
w
Q
o
ja
K
CO
W
n
i
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARy PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
KJ
*>.
03
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
46. methyl bromide (broraomethane)
47. broraoform (tribrooomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane
50. dlchlorodlfluororaethane
51. chlorodlbroraomethane
52. hexachlorobutadlene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
1;4. Isophorone
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
•t
1
1
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
m
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
to
w
0
o
25
o
1
•tJ
.5
0
H
8
CO
3
1
tr1
to
co
a
o
Hi
W
Q
O
5
w
w
o
H
1
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
10
o
Toxic
55.
56.
57.
58
59,
60.
61.
62.
63.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
2-nltrophenol
4-nltrophenol
2,4-dlnltrophenol
4,6-dlnltro-o-cresol
N-n 1 trosod Iraethy laralne
N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
N-nltrosodl-n-propylamlne
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (me/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
0.019
<0.01
ND
0.110
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
a
o
§
§
*tf
&
o
o
.c
w
M
hi
W
w
a
w
a
s.
M
O
5
w
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
Toxic E-jliutants (Continued)
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
K, 66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
vo
i_»
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68 di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
\
70. diethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (me./ 1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.02
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.01
0.03
0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
•
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
<0.01
ND
0.018
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
<0.01
0.01
0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
w
o
z
o
Nj
1
O
H
a
w
s
w
»-3
W
W
c
W
O
H
W
O
O
JO
K
W
w
o
1-3
1
< -
-------
Table V-2S (Continued)
SECONOMY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
U3
to
Pollutant
c; ic Pollutants (Continued)
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. banzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene
(a)
79, benzo(ghl)perylene,
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene
(a)
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pay . 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
M
O
§
V
s
O
H
O
a
w
w
Hi
B
W
CO
a
w
>
w
o
o
w
w
0
Hi
1
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83, indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
to
£1
J° 85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
114. antimony
115 arsenic
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
3
6
3
6
«
1
1
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND,,
ND
<0.003
<0.003
<0.005
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDAEY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
KJ
£t
VD
*».
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
'?. beryllium
* * 3. cadmium
, chromium (total)
';%'••.» copper
12 I. yenide (total)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
1
1
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<0.0002
<0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.003
0.003
0.017
0.017
0.053
0.053
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
0.02
0.02
<0.002
<0.002
Day 1
0.006
0.003
0.11
0.04
0.76
0.35
2.10
1.80
9.0
8.0
0.63
0.19
0.0002
0.0003
3.70
0.39
740.0
<0.002
Day 2
0.013
0.007
0.10
0.09
0.45
0.71
0.57
2.90
70.0
16.0
0.51
0.41
<0.0001
<0.0001
7.20
4.20
<0.002
<0.002
Day 3
0.003
0.003
0.04
0.06
0.16
0.17
0.73
2.10
190.0
140.0
0.75
0.31
<0.0001
•C0.0001
0.720
2.80
<0.002
<0.002
w
w
o
a
§
•n
M
O
H
O
G
W
2
m
H3
r<
w
w
w
w
Q
O
w
o
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
Pollutant a (Continued)
silver
thallium
,23. zinc
to
-------
to
*»
«3
01
Table V-25 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT C
Pollutant
Conventional Polluanta
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
7
2
7
2
7
2
Sample
Typet
1
1
3
6
3
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
1.6
1.6
0
0
6.8
6.8
Day 1
2.4
<1
140
0
1.9
10.0
Day 2
0.7
<1
6
59
2.0
10.5
Day 3
<1.0
<1
24
3
8.9
6.7
\tt
w
o
o
as
1
KJ
W
O
H
O
w
s
W
a
w
Q
o
tSample Type Code; 1 - One-time grab
3 - 8-hour manual composite
6 - 24-hour automatic composite
(a) Reported together.
w
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-26
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CASTING CONTACT COOLING WATER
M
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
115. arsenic
i!7. beryllium
118. cadmium
1>9. chromium (total)
I'-O. copper
V;1. cyanide (total)
2. lead
1, mercury
1-.4. nickel
15,
selenium
i 5. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.05
<0.10
0.0002
<0.2
<0.1A
<0.01
<0.01
0.10
Day 1 Day 2
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
0.05
0.36
<0.10
0.0004
0.20
<0.1A
<0.01
<0.01
0.15
w
Day 3 o
o
o
I
K
M
O
o
c
en
3
a
9
tr*
en
cn
C
w
o
M
Q
O
J?
03
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-26 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CASTING CONTACT COOLING WATER
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
•g b;, -ium
boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
Stream
Code
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<1
98
0.2
0.04
<0.05
<0.1
37.7
<5
14
<0.05
0.28
<0.05
8.5
Day 1 Day 2
<1
120
0.2
0.06
<0.05
1.8
"-
37.3
33
250
<0.05
0.31
1.5
8.3
Cft
Day 3 g
o
2$
a
1
1
o
- H
P
W
I
w
w
n
w
o
o
w
K
O
1
<
-------
Table V-26 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CASTING CONTACT COOLING WATER
Pollutant
Nonconventlonal Pollutants (Continued)
manganese
molybdenum
phosphate
sodium
VO . - :
u> sulfate
tin
titanium
total organic carbon (TOC)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
204
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/l)
Source Day 1 Day 2
<0.05
<0.05
36
22
79
<0. 05
<0.05
24
410
<0.05
<0.05
.
to
w
Day 3 O
|
!
M
n
§
en
|
f
en
en
§
o
w
Q
O
a
in
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-26 (Continued)
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SAMPLING DATA
CASTING CONTACT COOLING HATER
m
o
o
Pollutant
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-tine grab
A - Detection limit raised due to Interference.
S treats Sample
Code Tvpet
204 1
204 1
204 1
'£ erence *
Concentrations (tag/ 1) w
Source Day 1 Dav 2 Day 3 o
i
K{
17 20 ^
60 44 o
H
o
7.5 7.3 g
1
en
w
§
o
8
8
w
M
O
-------
KJ
W
O
Ion
ExcluMtfn
Culuaa
-
Caulng
Ciwtaut
Cuallnt
Hu*r
^g)—
S*tlll«|
Him
Ira*
GcnmiatlM
^—» »!•«'•*••
A
2,000 CM) I
o
o
W
O
IH
O
G
S-
w
c
w
o
w
Q
O
50
M
W
O
Figure V-1
SAMPLIMG SITES AT SECONDARY PRECIOUS HETALS PUNT A
-------
01
O
Source
Water Tap
In
Lab
Furnace
Wet Air
Pollution
Control
Refinery
Wet Air
Pollution
Control
Zinc
Cementation
Tanks
Equipment
and
Floor
Wash
-®-*
(uw)
•®-»
-®-*
(18^)
NH3
equalization /Ov fc Ammonia Air fa.
Tank *& Stripping arJ W
.. Chemical -.
fl8^ Precipitation (oif]
I I
Air Line
Slurry
H Vacuum X
Filter "V
fo
> ^ Pljcharge
-X & "" 2,100 GPD
m
f Nonscope
Solids Hater
Removed
CO
M
O
O
M
O
H
O
c;
3
M
en
w
§
O
>
t-3
td
Q
O
Figure V-2
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PLANT B
w
M
O
H3
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Source
Water Tap
in Plant
Spene
Plating
Solutions
Furnace
Wet Air
Pollution
Control
Refinery
Wet Air
Pollution
Control
Iron
Cementation
Tank
-0—•
Vacuum
Pump Seal
Water
Collection
Pit
Limestone
Pit
—(5?) *• Discharge
NaOH
Figure V-3
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PLANT C
2503
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
Refinery
Wet Mr
Pollution
Control
' Iron and
Copper
Cementation
Tanks
~{S?) > Discharge
T
Other
Process
Waste
Streams
I
Solids
Removed
Figure V-4
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PLANT D
2504
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Source Water
Tap in
Administration
Building
-® *
Spent
Plating
Solution
Spent Cyanide
Strip -ing
Solution
Spent Solution
From PGC Pro-
cess, 'After
Electrolytic
Recovery of
Gold
Ion Exchange
for Cold
lacovary
Contract Haul
as Hazardous
Waste
Figure V-5
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS PLANT--E
2505
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2506
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGdRY ~ '" SECT'' - "VI
SECTION VI
SELECTION OP POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
This section examines the chemical analysis data presented in
Section V and discusses the selection or exclusion of pollutants
for potential limitation. The basis for the regulation of toxic
and other pollutants along with a discussion of each pollutant
selected for potential limitation is discussed in Section VI of
Vol. I. That discussion provides information concerning where the
pollutant originates (i.e., whether it is a naturally occurring
substance, processed metal, or a manufactured compound); general
physical properties and the form of the pollutant toxic effects
of the pollutant in humans and other animals; and behavior of the
pollutant in POTW at the concentrations expected in industrial
discharges.
The discussion that follows describes the analysis that was
performed to select or exclude toxic pollutants for further
consideration for limitations and standards. Pollutants will be
considered for limitation if they are present in concentrations
treatable by the technologies considered in this analysis. Also
described is the analysis performed to select or exclude
conventional and nonconventional pollutants for limitation. The
treatment effectiveness concentrations used for the toxic metals
were the long-term performance values achievable by chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration (lime, settle and
filter). The achievable concentrations used for the toxic
organics were the long-term values achievable by carbon
adsorption (see Section VII of Vol. I — Combined Metals Data
Base).
CONVENTIONAL AMD NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
This study examined samples from the secondary precious metals
subcategory for three conventional pollutant parameters (oil and
grease, total suspended solids, and pH) and two nonconventional
pollutant parameters (ammonia, and combined metals (gold,
platinum, and palladium)).
CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED
The conventional and nonconventional pollutants and pollutant
parameters selected for limitation in this subcategory are:
ammonia
combined metals (the sum of gold, platinum, and palladium)
total suspended solids (TSS)
PH .
Ammonia was found in 10 of 12 samples analyzed in concentrations
ranging from 0.24 to 5,060 mg/1. Five of the values recorded are
well above the treatable concentration of 32.2 mg/1, attainable
2507
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
by the available treatment technology. In addition, ammonia is
expected to be present based on its use in the raw materials. For
these reasons, ammonia is selected for limitation in this
subcategory.
Combined metals consists of the sum of gold, platinum, and
palladium. This nonconventional pollutant parameter results from
the information made available after promulgation of this rule.
Petitioners were concerned with the variable nature of the
production of gold, platinum, and palladium and the accuracy of
analytical procedures for detecting these pollutants. Therefore,
gold, platinum, and palladium were grouped intd the one
nonconventional pollutant parameter "combined metals".
Gold was analyzed for in 12 raw wastewater samples and was
detected above its treatable concentration (0.01 mg/1) in all 12
samples. The concentrations ranged from 0.086 to 40 mg/1. Six
of the 12 samples were found to contain more than 1 mg/1 of gold.
In addition, gold is expected to be present in wastewaters from
this subcategory due to its presence in the raw materials and
products. Platinum and palladium were not analyzed for in any
raw wastewater samples from this subcategory. However, they are
expected to be present in the raw wastewater in concentrations
exceeding that achievable by treatment (0.01 mg/1). The reason
for expecting treatable concentrations of platinum and palladium
is they are both present in the raw materials and in the products
produced by plants in this subcategory. For these reasons,
combined metals are selected for limitations in this subcategory.
Oil and grease was analyzed for in 20 samples and was detected
below quantifiable levels 11 times. In only two cases was oil
and grease detected above its treatable concentration of 10 mg/1.
The two treatable values are 14 mg/1 and 37 mg/1 and they are
both for samples of refinery wet air pollution control. However,
five other samples of this waste stream show oil and grease well
below treatability. Because of the small number of sources in
which oil and grease was detected above its treatable.
concentration, oil and grease is not selected for limitation in
this subcategory.
Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations ranging from 0 to
5,600 mg/1 were observed in the 20 samples analyzed for this
study. Nineteen of 20 samples exhibited concentrations above the
concentration attainable by the identified treatment technology
(2.6 mg/1). Furthermore, most of the specific methods for
removing priority metals do so by precipitation, and the metal
precipitates should not be discharged. Meeting a limitation on
TSS also aids in removal of precipitated priority metals. For
these reasons, total suspended solids are selected for limitation
in this subcategory.
The pH values observed in 14 of 20 samples were outside the 7.5
to 10.0 range considered desirable for discharge to receiving
waters. Six pH values ranged from 0.1 to 3.4. Six samples
ranged from 5.9 to 9.3. The remaining eight samples ranged from
2508
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
10.9 to 12.6. Effective removal of priority metals by chemical
precipitation requires careful control of pH. Therefore, pH is
selected for limitation in this subcategory.
TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
The frequency of occurrence of the toxic pollutants in the raw
wastewater samples taken is presented in Table VI-1 (page 2514).
These data provide the basis for the categorization of specific
pollutants, as discussed below. Table Vi-1 is based on the raw
wastewater data from streams 200, 189, 5, 201, 187, 4, 821, 233,
230, 228, 6, 701, 702, and 703 (see Section V). Treatment plant
samples were not considered in the frequency count.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
The priority pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 2518) were
not detected in any wastewater samples from this subcategory;
therefore, they are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations:
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION LIMIT
The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any wastewater samples
from this subcategory; therefore, they are not selected for
consideration in establishing limitations.
4. benzene _
7. chlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
24. 2-chlorophenol
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
44. methylene chloride (dichloromethan«)
.47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobrpmomethane
51. chlorodibromomethane
54. isophorone
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
86. toluene
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT '
The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations because they were not found in any
wastewater samples from this subcategory above concentrations
considered achievable by existing or available treatment
technologies. These pollutants are discussed individually
2509
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEG-ORY SECT - VI
following the list.
57. 2-nitrophenol 123. mercury
2-Nitrophenol was found in only one sample at its quantification
limit. The reported concentration was 0.01 mg/1, which is also
the treatable concentration. Since the pollutant was not
detected above the concentration attainable by identified
treatment technology, 2-nitrophenol is not considered for
limitation.
Mercury was detected below its quantification limit in 20 out of
24 samples analyzed. The four values reported above the
quantification limit ranged from 0.0003 mg/1 to 0.015 mg/1, which
are all below the concentration attainable by identified
treatment technology, which is 0.03S mg/1. Therefore, mercury is
not considered for limitation.
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES
The following pollutants were not selected for limitation on the
basis that they are detectable in the effluent from only a small
number, of sources within the subcategory and they are uniquely
related to only those sources.
6. carbon tetrachloride
11. 1,1,1-triehloroethane
23. chloroform
65. phenol
66, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
117. beryllium
Although these pollutants were not selected for consideration in
establishing nationwide limitations, it may be appropriate, on a
case-by-case basis, for the local permittee to specify effluent
limitations.
Carbon tetrachloride was detected in only one of 12 samples
analyzed, at a concentration of 0.21 mg/1. The treatability
concentration is 0.01 mg/1 for this pollutant. Since it was not
detected in 11 other samples, the measurement may be regarded as
specific to the site and not characteristic of the subcategory as
a whole. Also, carbon tetrachloriCte cannot be attributed to
specific materials and processes used in the secondary precious
metals subcategory. Therefore, carbon tetrachloride is not
considered for limitation.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane was detected in only one of 12 samples
analyzed, at a concentration of 0.015 mg/1. The treatability
concentration is 0.01 mg/1 for this pollutant. Since it was not
detected in 11 other samples, the measurement may be regarded as
specific to the site and not characteristic of the subcategory as
a ^hole. J\lso> 1,1,1-trichloroethane cannot be attributed to
specific materials and processes used inthe secondary precious
metals subcategory. Therefore, 1,1.1-trichloroethane is not
2510
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
considered for limitation.
Chloroform was detected in four of 12 samples above its treatable
concentration of 0.01 mg/1. The four concentrations are all 0.02
mg/1. All four samples have a lower concentration of chloroform
than the source water at the plant (0.05 mg/1). Chloroform
cannot be attributed to specific materials or processes used in
the subcategory, and very little removal of this pollutant can be
expected with treatment. Therefore, chloroform is not considered
for limitation.
Phenol was detected in only four of 12 samples above its
treatable concentration of 0.01 mg/1. The four concentrations
are 0.013 mg/1, 0.17 mg/1, 0.45 mg/1, and 0.65 mg/1. The three
samples with concentrations above 0.10 mg/1 were all taken at one
plant which was shut down indefinitely subsequent to being
sampled. Since phenol was not detected above its treatable
concentration in eight other samples, the measurements may be
regarded as specific to the site and not characteristic of the
subcategory as a whole. Phenol cannot be attributed to specific
materials and processes used in the secondary precious metals
subcategory. Also, because of the relatively low concentrations
of phenol in the raw waste compared with its treatable
concentration, very little removal of phenol can be expected with
treatment. Therefore, phenol is not considered for limitation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found above its treatable
concentration of 0.01 mg/1 in six of 12 samples. The
concentrations ranged from 0.02 mg/1 to 0.1 mg/1. This pollutant
is not associated with specific processes used in the secondary
precious metals subcategory, but is commonly used as a
plasticizer in laboratory and field sampling equipment. Since
the presence of this pollutant may be attributed to sample
contamination, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not considered for
limitation.
Beryllium was found in only one out of 24 samples analyzed above
its treatable concentration of 0.20 mg/1. The sample had a
concentration of 0.46 mg/1. Since it was not found above its
treat, able concentration in 23 other samples, the measurement
may be regarded as site-specific and not characteristic of the
subcategory as a whole. Although beryllium may be part of a raw
material, such as jewelry scrap, used in the secondary precious
metals industry, all the wastewater samples analyzed from plants
which process these raw materials showed beryllium present below
treatable concentrations. Therefore, beryllium is not considered
for limitation.
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION JEN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
The priority pollutants listed below are selected for further
consideration in establishing limitations and standards for this
subcategory. The priority pollutants selected for further
consideration for limitation are each discussed following the
2511
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
list.
114.
115.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
antimony
arsenic
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide
lead
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Antimony was detected above its treatable concentration (0.47
mg/1) in seven of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.19.mg/1 to 5.2 mg/1. Since antimony was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Arsenic was detected above its treatable concentration (0.34
mg/1) in four of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.025 mg/1 to 2.4 mg/1. Since arsenic was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Cadmium was detected above its treatable concentration (0.049
mg/1) in 12 of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.0029 mg/1 to 7.6 mg/1. Since cadmium was present
in concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Chromium was detected above its treatable concentration (0.07
mg/1) in 15 of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.012 mg/1 to 22 mg/1. Since chromium was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Copper was detected above its treatable concentration (0.39 mg/1)
in 15 of 23 samples. The quantifiable concentrations ranged from
0.016 mg/1 to 5,000 mg/1. Since copper was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Cyanide (total) was detected above its treatable concentration
(0.047 mg/1) in 17 of 24 samples. The quantifiable
concentrations ranged from 0.09 mg/1 to 9,897 mg/1. Since
cyanide is used as a raw material, and was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
2512
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Lead was detected above its treatable concentration (0.08 mg/1)
in 17 of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations ranged from
0.02 mg/1 to 0.7 mg/1. Since lead was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentrations achievable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Nickel was detected above its treatable concentration (0.22 mg/1)
in 17 of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations ranged from
0.008 mg/1 to 890 mg/1. Since nickel was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Selenium was detected above its treatable concentration (0.20
mg/1) in three of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.019 mg/1 to 12O mg/1. Since selenium was present
in concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Silver was detected above its treatable concentration (0.07 mg/1)
in 14 of 24 samples. The quantifiable concentrations ranged from
0.05 mg/1 to 26 mg/1. Since silver was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentrations achievable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Thallium was detected above its treatable concentration (0.34
mg/1) in four of 22 samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.82 mg/1 to 1.2 mg/1. Since thallium was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentrations achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Zinc was detected above its treatable concentration (0.23 mg/1)
in 18 of 23 samples. The quantifiable concentrations ranged from
0.11 mg/1 to 10,000 mg/1. Since zinc is used in the cementation
process, and was present in concentrations exceeding the
concentrations achievable by identified treatment technology, it
is selected for consideration for limitation.
2513
-------
Table Vl-t
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS -SUBCATEGOKY
RAW WASTEWATER
IsJ
01.
Pollutant
I. acenaphthene
2. acroleln
'J. aery Ionic rile
4. benzune
5. benzldine
6. carbon tetrachlorlde
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1.2,4-tr Ichlorohenzene
• 9. hexachlorubenzene
10. 1,2-dlchloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trlchloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. I,l-dlchloroethane
14. l,1,2-trid»loroethane
15. 1.1,2,2-tetrachioroethane
•6. chloroethane
<7, bls(diloranethyl) ether
!8. bls(2-chloroechyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
•0. 2-cliloronapiithalene
21. 2,4,6-triciilorophenoi
22. parachlorcxneta cresol
2'j. chloroform
24. 2-cliloraphenol
'!5. 1,2-did)lord>enzene
.?6. 1,3-didilorobenzene
'7. 1,4-dtd>lorubenzene
«. 3,3'-«lichlorobenzi
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGOKY
RAW WASTEWATER
NJ
(Jl
(Jl
Pollutant
36. 2.6-dlnltrotoluene
37. 1.2-dlphenylhydrazlne
38. ethylbenzene
39. fliioranthene
40. 4-clilorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-brcraophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chlorolsopropyl) ether
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
A. metliylene dilorltie
5. methyl chloride
<;6. metliyl bromide
'-.7. broinoforn
3. dlchlorobromoroethane
-.9. trlchlorofluoromethane
HO. dlciilorodlfluoromethane
I. chlorodlbroraoraethane
I. hexachlorobutadlene
:.3. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isoplorone
"\. naphthalene
>. nitrobenzene
.7. 2-nltrophenol
8. 4-nltrophenol
9. 2.4-dlnltrophenol
SO. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nltrosodiinethylamlne
62. N-nltrosodlphenylamine
63. N-nitrotiodl-n-propylanlne
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phaiol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) ohthalate
67. hiityl benzyl phthalate
68. dl-n-butyl phthalate
69. dl-n-octyl plithalate
70. (ilethyl phthalate
Analytical
Qualification
Concentrat Ion
(mg/l)(a)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
(RR/ 1) (b)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Nuifcer of
Streams
Analyzed
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Nuifcer of
Samples
Analyzed
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
MD
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
3
12
12
II
10
12
12
11
12
12
11
12
12
7
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
4
0
12
2
11
2
Detected
Detected Below Below Treat-
Quant If Icat Ion able Concen-
Concentratlon t rat Ion
9
1
2
1
1
4 1
1
4
6
10
1
10
Detected to
Above Treat- Q
able Concen- O
t rat Ion *Z
' O
W
KJ
•T)
^*
W
0
H
O
c
to
ifi
H3
!>
t*
to
to
a
w
1-3
M
Q
Kj
to
M
6
I
^
H
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
U1
M
0V
Pollutant
71. diiwLhyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracate
73. beii2o(a)|»yrene
74. 3,4 •bunzoCluoranehene
75. ben£o(k)fluoranthene
76. chrysetie
77. aeenaphthylene
78. anthracene (c)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phen.inl:hrenK (c)
82. dlbenzo(a.h)Bnfciiracene
83. lndeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
84. pycaie
85. tetnchloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trtchloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride
114. antlnuiiy
115. arsenic
116. asbentos
117. heryllluD
118. cadmium
119. clirumlum
120. copper
121. cyanide (d)
122. lead
121. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. that 1 lira
128. zinu
129. 2,3.7.8-tetraciilarodlbtmo-
p-dloxin (TO))))
Analytical
Qualification
Concentration
(o«/l)(a)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.0)0
0.100
0.010
10HF1,
0.010
0.002
0.01)5
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.100
0.050
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
(*?/!)
-------
Table Vl-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OP OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
w
w
o
(a) Analytical quantification concentration was reported with Che data (sue Section V). ^
O
(l>) Treatable concentrations are baaed on perCornance of line precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration. g
K
(c) Reported together.
*O
(d) Analytical quantification concentration Cor EPA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods fur Oi«alcal Analysis ot Water and Wastes, EfA 60U/4-79-020, S
MaruK1«»79. O
M
O
G
W
K)
J-l
-4
•p
w
G
Of
O
8
a
CO
w
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
1. acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
5. benzidene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(2-chloromethyl) ether (Deleted)
18. bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
22. parachlorometa cresol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. If2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43. bis(2.choroethoxy) methane
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)
49. trichlorofluoromethane (Deleted)
50. dichlorodifluoromethane (Deleted)
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
2518
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
72. benzo (a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
73. benzo (a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene
75. benzo{k)fluoranthene (11,12-benzofluoranthene)
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene
79. benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene
82. dibenzo (a,h)anthracene (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene)
83. indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene (w,e,-o-phenylenepyrene)
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin*
90. dieldrin*
91. chlordane*
92. 4,4'-DDT*
93. 4,4l-DDE(p,p'DDX}*
94. 4,4'-DDD(p,p TDE)*
95. a-endosulfan-Alpha*
96. b-endosulfan-Beta*
97. endosulfan sulfate*
98. endrin*
99. endrin aldehyde*
100. heptachlor*
101. heptachlor epoxide*
102. a-BHC-Alpha*
103. b-BHC-Beta*
104. r-BHC (lindane)-Gamma*
105. g-BHC-Delta*
106. PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)*
107. PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1254)*
108. PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221)*
109. PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)*
110. PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)*
111. PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260)*
112. PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)*
113. toxaphene*
1L6. asbestos
129. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
+We did not analyze for these pollutants in samples of raw
wastewater from this subcategory. These pollutants are not
believed to be present based on the Agency's best engineering
judgment which includes consideration of raw materials and
process operations.
2519
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2520
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters from secondary
precious metals plants. This section summarizes the description
of these wastewaters and indicates the level of treatment which
is currently practiced by plants in the secondary precious metals
subcategory for each waste stream.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently being applied to each of the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed
in Section V, wastewater associated with the secondary precious
metals subcategory is characterized by the presence of the
toxic metal pollutants, free and complexed cyanide, ammonia,
combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium), and suspended
solids. The raw (untreated) wastewater data for specific sources
as well as combined waste streams are presented in Section V.
Generally, these pollutants are present in each of the waste
streams at concentrations above treatability, and these waste
streams are commonly combined for treatment. Construction of one
wastewater treatment system for combined treatment allows plants
to take advantage of economies of scale and, in'some instances,
to combine streams of differing alkalinity to reduce treatment
chemical requirements. Twenty-four plants in this subcategory
currently have combined wastewater treatment systems, 20 have
chemical precipitation and sedimentation, and one of these has
chemical precipitation, sedimentation and pressure filtration.
One plant currently strips ammonia with air, and eight plants
currently treat for cyanide. Seven of the eight use alkaline
oxidation, and one plant precipitates cyanide with ferrous
sulfate. Three plants currently practice ion exchange for
removal of gold, platinum, and palladium. Three options have
been selected for consideration for BPT, BAT, NSPS, and
pretreatment in this subcategory, based on combined treatment of
these compatible waste streams.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Air emission sources in secondary precious metals furnace
operations include incinerator and smelting furnaces. Eighteen
secondary precious metals producers control air emissions using
various methods. These are:
1. Dry baghouse - 11 plants, and
2. Wet scrubber - seven plants.
Priority organics, metals, cyanide, combined metals (gold,
platinum, and palladium), and suspended solids are present at
2521
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
treatable concentrations in the wastewater produced by furnace
wet air pollution control. Two plants producing this wastewater
practice complete recycle. Two practice partial recycle (>90
percent). Three practice no recycle. Treatment methods used are:
1. No treatment - two plants, and
2. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - three plants.
One plant producing this wastewater practices ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION
Three of four plants reporting this waste stream discharge it.
The three discharging plants do not practice recycle or treatment
of this waste stream. The non-discharging plant practices total
recycle.
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
Spent or contaminated cyanide solutions from electroplating shops
may have the precious metal values recovered by a precipitation
or electrolytic process. The waste stream is characterized by
treatable concentrations of priority organics and metals, free
and complexed cyanide, combined metals (gold, platinum, and
palladium), and TSS. Treatment methods for this wastewater
consist of:
1. Total cyanide precipitation using ferrous sulfate -
one plant,
2. Free cyanide destruction using alkaline oxidation -
six plants,
3. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - one plant,
and
4. Contractor disposal - four plants.
Four plants that have cyanide pretreatment also have chemical
precipitation and sedimentation end-of-pipe treatment. The plant
which uses ferrous sulfate also uses alkaline oxidation for
cyanide treatment.
One plant producing this wastewater practices ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
Six plants use potassium or sodium cyanide solution to strip gold
away from scrap. Four plants employ contractor disposal methods
to achieve zero discharge of spent stripping solution. This
wastewater contains priority metals, free and complexed cyanide,
combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium), and TSS above
treatable concentrations. One of the two discharging plants
destroys the free cyanide with chlorine gas (alkaline
oxidation). The other plant destroys the free and complexed
2522
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
cyanide with ferrous sulfate, and then practices chemical
precipitation and sedimentation. '
One plant producing this wastewater practices ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Scrubbers are used at 29 plants to control fumes from
precipitation and filtration processes. Facilities can use acid
scrubbers, alkali scrubbers, or both types of scrubbers. This
wastewater contains treatable concentrations of priority metals,
combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium) and suspended
solids. Twenty-one plants discharge this waste-water, six of
which .practice no recycle, and 15 of which practice recycle of 75
percent or more. Eight plants do not discharge this wastewater.
Three of these plants practice 100 percent recycle, and five of
them have this wastewater disposed of by a contractor.
At the 21 discharging plants, scrubber water is commonly combined
with other process wastewater and treated in a central treatment
facility. Treatment methods used are;
1. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - seven plants;
2. Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
one plantj and
3. No treatment - 13 plants.
Two plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
GOLD SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE AND WASH WATER
One plant recovers gold by a solvent extraction process, and
generates a raffinate waste stream and a wash water waste stream.
Priority metals and TSS are expected to be found at treatable
levels in the raffinate and wash water. This waste stream is not
recycled. Treatment before discharge consists of neutralization
with caustic, but no solids are removed.
GOLD SPENT ELECTROLYTE
Wastewater discharges from electrolytic refining consist of spent
electrolyte solution. Of the three plants practicing
electrolytic refining, one discharges wastewater. This
wastewater is expected to contain treatable concentrations of
priority metals, ammonia, and TSS* This waste stream is for
recycled. The one discharging plant practices chemical
precipitation and sedimenta-tion of the spent electrolyte prior
to discharge. The other two plants are zero discharge by means
of contractor disposal.
2523
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Nineteen of 28 plants which produce gold by dissolving gold-
containing raw material in acid and then selectively
precipitating it from solution discharge this waste stream. This
wastewater contains priority metals, combined metals (gold,
platinum/ and palladium), ammonia and TSS above treatable
concentrations. No plants reported recycling this waste stream.
Treatment methods for this wastewater consist of:
1. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - 10 plants;
2. Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
one plant;
3. Contractor disposal - seven plants;
4. One hundred percent reuse - two plants; and
5. No treatment - eight plants.
Two plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
PLATINUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Fourteen of 18 plants which produce platinum by a dissolution and
selective precipitation process discharge this waste stream. This
wastewater is expected to contain priority metals, combined
metals (gold, platinum, and palladium), ammonia, and TSS above
treatable concentrations. No plants reported recycling this
waste stream. Treatment methods for this wastewater consist of:
1. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - 10 plants
(one with ammonia air stripping);
2. Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
one plant;
3. No treatment - three plants; and
4. Contractor disposal - four plants.
Two plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Fifteen of 20 plants which produce palladium by a dissolution and
selective precipitation process discharge this waste stream. This
wastewater should contain priority metals, combined metals (gold,
platinum, and palladium), ammonia, and TSS above treatable
concentrations. No plants reported recycling this waste stream.
Treatment methods for this wastewater consist of:
1. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - nine plants
(one with ammonia air stripping);
2. Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration -
one plant;
3. No treatment - five plants;
4. One hundred percent reuse - one plant; and
5. Contractor disposal - four plants.
2524
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
Two plants producing this wastewater practice ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
OTHER PLATINUM GROUP METALS PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
Two of three plants using a wet chemistry technique to produce
platinum group metals such as rhodium and iridium discharge this
waste stream. This waste stream is expected to contain priority
metals, ammonia and TSS. Treatment methods for this wastewater
consist of:
1. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation - one plant,
2. No treatment - one plant, and
3. Contractor disposal - one plant.
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION
Three of the four plants which produce PGC salt from pure gold
and potassium cyanide discharge excess cyanide solution. Two of
the three dischargers chlorinate the wastewater to destroy free
cyanide, one has no treatment in-place, and one practices
chemical precipitation and sedimentation. The non-discharging
plant achieves this status by contractor disposal. The untreated
wastewater contains priority metals, free and complexed cyanide,
combined metals {gold, platinum, and palladium) and TSS above
treatable concentrations.
One plant producing this wastewater practices ion exchange end-
of-pipe treatment.
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH -
Three plants reported an equipment and floor wash waste stream
and two of these plants discharge it. This wastewater contains
priority metals, ammonia, and TSS above treatable concentrations.
No plants reported recycling this waste stream. Both discharging
plants practice chemical precipitation and sedimentation. One of
the two plants air strips ammonia. The nondischarging plant uses
contractor disposal to achieve this status.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
As discussed in Section V, EPA agreed to add a new building block
for the preliminary treatment process. This building block was
not included in the promulgated rule because the Agency believed
that the furnace wet air pollution control (FWAP) building block
accounted for flows generated by the preparatory processing of
basis materials required before these materials can be introduced
into the main hydrometallurgical refining system. Wastewaters
from this building block should include priority organics,
metals, cyanide, combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium),
and suspended solids, all at treatable concentrations.
2525
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS CONSIDERED
Based on an examination of the wastewater sampling data, three
control and treatment technologies that effectively control the
pollutants found in secondary precious metals wastewaters were
selected for evaluation. The effectiveness of these technologies
is detailed in Section VII of Vol. I, and the technology options
are discussed below.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary precious metals subcategory requires
treatment technologies to reduce pollutant mass. The Option A
treatment scheme consists of ammonia steam stripping preliminary
treatment applied to the combined stream of gold precipitation
and filtration, platinum precipitation and filtration, palladium
precipitation and filtration, other platinum group metal
precipitation and filtration, and equipment and floor wash water;
and cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment applied to the
combined stream of spent plating solution, spent cyanide
stripping solution/ and spent solutions from PGC salt production.
Preliminary treatment is followed by chemical precipitation and
sedimentation (lime and settle) treatment applied to the combined
stream of steam stripper effluent, cyanide precipitation
effluent, and the combined stream of all other wastewater.
Chemical precipitation is used to remove metals by the addition
of lime or caustic followed by gravity sedimentation. Suspended
solids are also removed by the process. End-of-pipe treatment
consisting of ion exchange is included for removal of gold,
platinum and palladium.
OPTION B
Option B for the secondary precious metals subcategory consists
of ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation, chemical
precipitation, sedimentation and ion exchange technology
considered in Option A plus control technologies to reduce the
discharge of wastewater volume. Recycle of furnace and refinery
scrubber water as well as raw material granulation water are the
principal control mechanisms for flow reduction.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary precious metals subcategory consists
of the ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation, in-process
flow reduction, chemical precipitation, sedimentation and ion
exchange ' technology considered in Option B plus multimedia
filtration technology added in between the sedimentation and ion
exchange steps of the Option B treatment scheme. Multimedia
filtration is used to remove suspended solids, including
precipitates of metals, beyond the concentration attainable by
gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the
gravity, mixed media type, although other forms of filters such
as rapid sand filters or pressure filters would perform
2526
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -VII
satisfactorily. The addition of filters also provides consistent
removal during periods in which there are rapid increases in
flows or loadings of pollutants to the treatment system.
The Agency believes that it may be necessary for some facilities
to use sulfide polishing in order to achieve the promulgated
effluent limitations because of high zinc concentrations or
complexing problems. Because the Agency believes that these
situations will be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide
polishing is not specifically included as part of the model
technology on which effluent limitations and performance
standards are based. The Agency has, however, evaluated the cost
associated with the use of sulfide polishing at secondary
precious metals plants. After performing this evaluation, the
Agency has concluded that sulfide polishing will result in a very
small (less than 5 percent) incremental increase in wastewater
treatment costs at a typical secondary precious metals facility
2527
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
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2528
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
This section presents a summary of compliance costs for the
secondary precious metals subcategory and a description of the
treatment options and subcategory-specific assumptions used to
develop these estimates. Together with the estimated pollutant
reduction performance presented in Sections IX. X, XI, and XII of
this supplement, these cost estimates provide a basis for
evaluating each regulatory option. These cost estimates are also
used in determining the probable economic impact of regulation on
the subcategory at different pollutant discharge levels. In
addition, this section addresses nonwater quality environmental
impacts of wastewater treatment and control alternatives,
including air pollution, solid wastes, and energy requirements,
which are specific to the secondary precious metals subcategory.
TREATMENT'OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
As discussed in Section VII, three treatment options have been
developed for existing secondary precious metals sources. The
treatment schemes for each option are summarized below and
schematically presented in Figures X-l through X-3 (page 2592).
OPTION A
Option A consists of ammonia steam stripping and cyanide
precipitation preliminary treatment (where required), and
chemical precipitation, sedimentation and ion exchange end-of-
pipe technology.
OPTION B
Option B consists of in-process flow reduction measures, ammonia
steam stripping and cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment
(where required), and chemical precipitation, sedimentation and
ion exchange end-of-pipe technology. The in-process flow
reduction measures consists of the recycle of furnace scrubber
water and refinery scrubber water as well as raw material
granulation water through holding tanks.
OPTION C
Option C requires the in-process flow reduction measures of
Option B, ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation
preliminary treatment, and end-of-pipe treatment technology
consisting of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, multimedia
filtration, and ion exchange.
The Agency believes that it may be necessary for some facilities
to use sulfide polishing in order to achieve the promulgated
effluent limitations because of high zinc concentrations or
2529
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
complexing problems. Because the Agency believes that these
situations will be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide
polishing is not specif-ically included as part of the model
technology on which effluent limitations and performance
standards are based. The Agency has, however, evaluated the cost
associated with the use of sulfide polishing at secondary
precious metals plants. After performing this evaluation, the
Agency has concluded that sulfide polishing will result in a very
small (less than 5 percent) incremental increase in wastewater
treatment costs at a typical secondary precious metals facility.
COST METHODOLOGY
A detailed discussion of the methodology used to develop the
compliance costs is presented in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Plant-by-plant compliance costs for the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category calculate incremental
costs above treatment already in place, necessary to comply with
promulgated effluent limitations and standards and are presented
in the administrative record supporting this regulation. The
costs developed for the final regulation are presented in Tables
VIII-1 and VIII-2 (page 2343)for direct and indirect dischargers
in this subcategory, respectively.
(1) For overlap plants (i.e., secondary precious metals -
secondary silver or secondary precious metals - secondary
tungsten plants), costs and removal estimates are
apportioned on a flow-weighted basis. The total flow used
for flow-weighting costs includes recycled floor wash water,
whereas the total flow used for flow-weighting removals does
not include floor wash water.
(2) A flow allowance for floor washing is assumed for each
plant of the basis of 1.0 liter per troy ounce of
precious metals, including silver, produced in the refinery.
The flow allowance is based on the rates reported by the
three plants supplying information about this stream. Table
V-13 (page 2372) shows water use rates of 14.2, 1.0, and
0.97 liters per troy ounce. The highest rate was omitted
because it is more than 10 times the next highest rate. The
flow allowance was based an the average of the two lower
rates.
(3) Floor wash water is obtained by recycling wastewater
treated by chemical precipitation and sedimentation for all
options. The recycle ratio.is equal to the flow of floor
wash water divided by the total flow to treatment.
(4) If a plant has a precipitation and filtration operation for
platinum, palladium, other platinum group metals (PGM), or
silver (from photographic raw materials), we assume floor
wash water requires ammonia stripping to meet the proposed
ammonia limitations.
2530
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
(5) All sludge produced from lime precipitation is expected to
be nonhazardous. All sludge produced from cyanide
precipitation is hazardous, under RCRA regulations.
(6) All precipitation and filtration wastewater (gold,
platinum, palladium, or other PGM) are assumed to
undergo cementation prior to entering waste treatment.
Zinc cementation is assumed unless iron cementation is
specifically noted as in-place. Costs for installing
and operating a cementation system are not included in
the cost estimates because cementation is not considered a
wastewater treatment operation. Only the zinc or iron
raw waste values are changed by operating a cementation
process. The revised raw waste values impact a plant's
waste treatment cost.
(7) Ammonia stripping costs for plants having less than 50
liters per hour of water requiring stripping are based on
air stripping via agitation-aeration in the batch chemical
precipitation tank instead of steam stripping.^ These costs
include a blower, sparger and hood.
(8) Costs for ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment are completely
offset by the gold, platinum, and palladium values
recovered by this system.
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
A general discussion of the nonwater quality aspects of the
control and treatment options considered for the nonferrous
metals category is contained in Section VIII of Vol. I. Nonwater
quality impacts specific to the secondary precious metals
subcategory, including energy requirements, solid waste and air
pollution are discussed below.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
The methodology used for determining the energy requirements for
the various options is discussed in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Energy requirements for the three options
considered are estimated at 5.30 x 106 kwh/yr, 5.31 x 106 kwh/yr,
and 5.48 x 106 kwh/yr for Options A, B, and C, respectively.
Option B energy requirements are similar to those for Option A,
Because less water is being treated, energy costs for lime and
settle treatment are less; however, recycle equipment such as
holding tanks and pumps require additional energy, offsetting the
energy savings. Option C, which includes filtration, is
estimated to increase energy consumption over Option B by
approximately 1 percent. Option C represents roughly 8 percent
of a typical plant's electrical energy usage. It is therefore
concluded that the energy requirements of the treatment options
considered will not have a significant impact on total plant
energy consumption.
2531
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SOLID WASTE
Sludge generated in the secondary precious metals subcategory is
due to the precipitation of metal hydroxides and cyanide using
lime and other chemicals. Sludges associated with the secondary
precious metals subcategory will necessarily contain quantities
of priority metal pollutants. Wastes generated by secondary
metal industries can be regulated as hazardous. However, the
Agency examined the solid wastes that would be generated at
secondary nonferrous metals manufacturing plants by the suggested
treatment technologies and believes they are not hazardous wastes
under the Agency's regulations implementing Section 3001 of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The one exception to
this is solid wastes generated by cyanide precipitation. These
sludges are expected to be hazardous and this judgment was
included in this study. None of the non-cyanide wastes are
listed specifically as hazardous. Nor are they likely to exhibit
a characteristic of hazardous waste. This judgment is made based
on the recommended technology of lime precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration. By the addition of a small excess
(5-10%) of lime during treatment, similar sludges, specifically
priority metal bearing sludges, generated by other industries
such as the iron and steel industry passed the Extraction
Procedure (EP) toxicity test. (See 40 CFR $261.24.) Thus, the
Agency believes that the wastewater sludge will similarly not
be EP toxic if the recommended technology is applied.
Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result of these guidelines are not expected to be hazardous,
generators of these wastes must test the waste to determine if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste
(see 40 CFR $262.11).
If these wastes identified should be or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA s "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point of generation to point of final disposition. EPA's
generator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR $262.20 [45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980)]. The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous waste
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR $263.20 [45 FR
33151 (May 19, 1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31,
1980)]. Finally, RCRA regulations establish standards for
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
allowed to receive such wastes. See 40 CFR Part 464 [46 FR 2802
(January 12, 1981), 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982)].
Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they still
2532
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
must be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open dump-
ing standards, implementing $4004 of RCRA. See 44 FR 53438
(September 13, 1979). The Agency has calculated as part of the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and disposing
of these wastes.
The Agency estimates that the promulgated BPT regulation for
secondary precious metals manufacturing facilities will generate
523 metric tons of solid wastes (wet basis) in 1982 as a result
of wastewater treatment. Promulgated BAT will not significantly
increase sludge generation, however promulgated PSES will add
1,585 metric tons of solid waste per year which includes 344 tons
per year of cyanide bearing sludges from treatment of cyanide
bearing wastewaters by cyanide precipitation.
AIR POLLUTION
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems will result from implementation of ammonia steam
stripping, cyanide precipitation, chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, multimedia filtration and ion exchange. These
technologies transfer pollutants to solid waste and are not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
2533
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
TABLE VIII-1
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY
PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
The costs for this subcategory are not presented here because the
data on which they are based are claimed to be confidential.
TABLE VII1-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY
PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
Total Required Total
Option Capital Cost Annual Cost
A 1,774,400 1,078,000
B 1,707,000 1,034,000
C 1,809,400 1,100,500
2534
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SECONDARY PRECIODS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT), Section 301{b)(a)(A). BPT reflects
the existing performance by plants of various sizes, ages, and
manufacturing processes within the secondary precious metals
subcategory, as well as the established performance of the
model BPT systems. Particular consideration is given to the
treatment already in place at plants within the data base.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the manufacturing processes employed,
nonwater quality environmental impacts (including energy
requirements), and other factors the Administrator considers
appropriate. In general the BPT level represents the average to
the existing performances of plants of various ages, sizes,
processes, or other common characteristics. Where existing
performance is uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from
a different subcategory or category. Limitations based on
transfer of technology are supported by a rationale concluding
that the technology is indeed, transferable, and a reasonable
prediction that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed
effluent limits {see Tanner's Council of America v. Train. 540
P.2d 1188 (4th Cir. 1176)). BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment
rather than process changes or internal controls, except where
such practices are common within the subcategory.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes used the wastewaters generated, and the treatment
processes installed. Information was collected from the category
using data collection portfolios, and specific plants were
sampled and the wastewaters analyzed. In making technical
assessments of data, reviewing manufacturing processes, and
assessing wastewater treatment technology options, both indirect
and direct dischargers have been considered as a single group.
An examination of plants and processes did not indicate any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct or indirect.
As explained in Section IV, the secondary precious metals
subcategory has been subdivided into 14 potential wastewater
sources. Since the water use, discharge rates, and pollutant
characteristics of each of these wastewaters is potentially
unique, effluent limitations have been developed for each of the
14 building blocks.
2535
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
For each of the subdivisions, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. The first
requirement to calculate these limitations is to account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant. Therefore,
a unit of production or production normalizing parameter (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
in Section IV. Each plant within the subcategory was then
analyzed to determine which subdivisions were present, the
specific flow rates generated for each subdivision, and the
specific production normalized flows for each subdivision. This
analysis is discussed in detail in Section V. Nonprocess
wastewaters such as. rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water
are not considered in the analysis.
Production normalized flows were then analyzed to determine the
flow to be used as part of the basis for BPT mass limitations.
The selected flow (sometimes referred to as the BPT regulatory
flow or BPT discharge rate) reflects the water use controls which
are common practices within the category. The BPT regulatory
flow is based on the average to all applicable data. Plants with
normalized flows above the average may have to implement some
method of flow reduction to achieve the BPT limitations.
/
The second requirement to calculate mass limitations is the set
of concentrations that are achievable by application of the BPT
level of treatment technology. Section VII discusses the various
control and treatment technologies which are currently in place
for each wastewater source. In most cases, the current control
and treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation and
sedimentation (lime and settle) technology and a combination of
reuse and recycle to reduce flow. Ammonia steam stripping is
applied to streams with treatable concentrations of ammonia.
Cyanide precipitation is applied to streams with treatable
concentrations' of free and complexed cyanide. Ion exchange is
applied as an effluent polishing step to reduce combined, metals
(gold, platinum, and palladium), and palladium concentrations.
Using these regulatory flows and the achievable concentrations,
the next step is to calculate mass loadings for each wastewater
source or subdivision. This calculation was made on a stream-by-
stream basis, primarily because plants in this subcategory may
perform one or more of the operations in various combinations.
The mass loadings (milligrams of pollutant per troy ounce of
production - mg/T.O.) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flow (1/T.O.) by the concentration achievable by the
BPT level of treatment technology (mg/1) for each pollutant
parameter to be limited under BPT. These mass loadings are
published in the Federal Register and in CFR Part 421 as the
effluent limitations guidelines.
The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
2536
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
wastewater sources which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly, all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at secondary precious metals plants.
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/T.O.) is a link
between the production operations and the effluent limitations.
The pollutant discharge attributable to each operation can be
calculated from the normalized flow and effluent concentration
achievable by the treatment technology and summed to derive an
appropriate limitation for each plant.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
In balancing costs in relation to pollutant removal estimates,
EPA considers the volume and nature of existing discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges expected after application of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost and economic impacts of the required pollution control
level. The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality problems attributable to particular point sources or
industries, or water quality improvements in particular water
quality bodies. Accordingly, water quality considerations were
not the basis for selecting the proposed or promulgated BPT. See
Weyer haeujser Company v. Cos tie, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).
The methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates and
plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X. The pollutant
removal estimates have been revised since proposal based on
comments and on new data. Tables X-2 and XII-1 (pages 2574 and
2619) show the estimated pollutant removals for each treatment
option for direct and indirect dischargers. Compliance costs are
presented in Tables X-3 and XII-2 (pages 2575 and 2620).
BPT OPTION SELECTION
The technology basis for the BPT limitations is Option A,
chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology to remove
metals and solids from combined wastewaters and to control pH,
ammonia steam stripping to remove ammonia, cyanide precipitation
to remove free and complexed cyanide and ion exchange to remove
gold, platinum and palladium. The promulgated technology is
equivalent to the proposed technology with the addition of ion
exchange. Chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology is
already in-place at 20 of the plants in the subcategory including
all four direct dischargers. One plant has cyanide precipitation
in-place. Three plants currently practice ion exchange. The
2537
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
technology bases for steam stripping and cyanide precipitation
are discussed below. The pollutants specifically proposed for
regulation at BPT are copper, cyanide, zinc, ammonia, combined
metals (gold, platinum, and palladium), TSS, and pH.
The Agency believes that it may be necessary for some facilities
to use sulfide polishing in order to achieve the promulgated
effluent limitations because of high zinc concentrations or
complexing problems. Because the Agency believes that these
situations will be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide
polishing is not specifically included as part of the model
technology on which the BPT effluent limitations are based. The
Agency has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants. After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing will result in a very small (less than 5 percent)
incremental increase in wastewater treatment costs at a typical
secondary precious metals facility.
Implementation of the promulgated BPT limitations will remove
annually an estimated 34,634 kg of priority pollutants (which
includes 6.3 kg of cyanide), 490 kg of ammonia, and 18,420 kg of
TSS.
The compliance costs for this subcategory are not presented here
because the data on which they are based have been claimed to be
confidential. The Agency has determined that the benefits
justify the costs for this subcategory.
More stringent technology options were not selected for BPT since
they require in-process changes end-of-pipe technologies less
widely practiced in the subcategory, and, therefore, are more
appropriately considered under BAT.
In response to a comment about high zinc concentrations in raw
wastewater, EPA has included sulfide precipitation as a polishing
step to treat high zinc concentrations in secondary precious
metals wastewaters. The Agency, concluded that the addition of
sulfide precipitation would add only approximately 4 percent to
the total annual costs for wastewater treatment at a typical
secondary precious metals plant. Although not including it in
the BPT treatment scheme, the Agency has no doubt that the CMDB
concentrations could be achieved by secondary precious metals
plants using sulfide polishing.
Ammonia steam stripping is demonstrated at six facilities in the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. These facilities are
treating ammonia-bearing wastewaters associated with the
production of primary tungsten, primary columbium and tantalum,
primary molybdenum, secondary tungsten and cobalt, and primary
zirconium and hafnium. EPA believes that performance data from
the iron and steel manufacturing category provide a valid measure
of this technology's performance on nonferrous metals
manufacturing category wastewater because raw wastewater
concentrations of ammonia are of the same order of magnitude in
the respective raw wastewater matrices.
2538
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
Chemical analysis data were collected of raw waste (treatment
influent) and treated waste (treatment effluent) from one coke
plant of the iron and steel manufacturing category. Using EPA
sampling and chemical analysis protocols, six paired samples were
collected in a two-month period. These data are the data base
for determining the effectiveness of anfaionia steam stripping
technology. Ammonia treatment at this coke plant consisted of two
steam stripping columns in series with steam injected
countercurrently to the flow of the wastewater, A lime reactor
for pH adjustment separated the two stripping columns.
The Agency has verified the proposed steam stripping performance
values using steam stripping data collected at a primary
zirconium and hafnium plant which has raw ammonia levels as high
as any in the nonferrous metals manufacturing category. Data
collected by the plant represent almost two years of daily
operations, and support the long-term mean used to establish
treatment effectiveness. Alsdr data from a bench scale
treatability study which was submitted with comments on the
proposed rulemaking show that the proposed steam stripping
performance can be achieved with secondary precious metals
wastewaters.
Cyanide precipitation is demonstrated in the secondary precious
metals subcategory at one plant. Cyanide precipitation
technology is required for the secondary precious metals
subcategory because existing treatment within the subcategory
does not effectively remove cyanide. Most secondary precious
metals plant use alkaline oxidation to destroy free cyanide, but
do not effectively remove complexed cyanide. Cyanide
precipitation is directed at control of free and complexed
cyanides in waste streams within the secondary precious metals
subcategory. This subcategory collectively discharges
approximately 557 kg/yr of cyanide. The achievable performance
is transferred from three well-operated coil coating plants in
the coil coating category, and are contained within the public
record supporting this document. The Agency believes this
technology,! and the achievable concentration limits, are
transferable to the secondary precious metals subcategory because
raw wastewater cyanide concentrations (prior to dilution with
waste streams without cyanide) are of the same order of magnitude
in both categories. Further, no pollutants were identified in
secondary precious metals wastewater that would interfere
with the operation or performance of this technology.
Several discharging plants within the secondary precious metals
subcategory use chlorine gas or hypochlorite solution to oxidize
cyanide in their wastewater. EPA considered chemical oxidation
using chlorine. Although the chlorine oxidation process can be
used effectively for wastewater containing predominantly free
cyanides and easily oxidizable cyanide complexes, the Agency
determined that precipitation with ferrous sulfate is more
effective than chlorine oxidation for the removal of iron-cyanide
complexes which may be found in the secondary precious metals
2539
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
wastewater.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the average of the flows of the existing plants, as determined
from analysis of the dcp. The discharge rate is used with the
achievable treatment concentrations to determine BPT effluent
limitations. Since the discharge rate may be different for each,
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for each of the 14 wastewater sources are discussed below and
summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2546). The discharge rates are
normalized on a production basis by relating the amount of
wastewater generated to the mass of the intermediate product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste stream
in question. These production normalizing parameters, or PNPs,
are also listed in Table IX-1.
Section V of this supplement further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents the water use and discharge flow rates for
each plant by subdivision.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
furnace wet air pollution control is 71.8 liters per troy ounce
of precious metals, including silver, incinerated or smelted,
based on zero percent recycle, This rate is allocated only for
plants practicing wet air pollution control for the furnace.
Seven plants reported this wastewater, two of whom practice 100
percent recycle (plants 1094 and 1084). The BPT rate is based on
the average water use rate of four of the remaining five plants.
Plant 1105 was omitted because its water use rate was not
reported, and its recycle rate was not quantified. The BPT rate
is the average of 137, 116, 27.6, and 7.26 liters per troy ounce.
The distribution of wastewater rates for this waste stream is
presented in Section V (Table V-l, page 2360).
RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION
The BPT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for raw material
granulation is 6.34 liters per troy ounce of precious metals in
the granulated raw material. This rate is different than the
proposed rate, which was 0 liters per troy ounce. Based on
comments received following proposal, the Agency determined that
a discharge is necessary for raw material granulation water. The
promulgated BPT rate is based on the average of the rates
reported by two of the three plants whose production normalized
water use rates are quantified, plants 1008 and 1094. As shown
in Table V-2 (page 2361), these rates are 8.67 and 4.0 liters per
troy ounce, respectively. The production normalized flow rate
for plant 1112 was not included in the calculation of the BPO?
discharge rate for this subdivision as discussed at the front of
this section.
2540
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SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SPENT PLATING SOLUTIONS
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
spent plating solutions is 1.0 liter per liter of spent plating
solution raw material. This rate is applicable to those plants
which recover gold and other precious metals from spent or
contaminated electroplaters solutions which they receive as a raw
material. The discharge rate is given in terms of volume of raw
material because EPA believes plants cannot control the
concentration of precious metals in this raw material, and should
be allowed to discharge the entire volume of solution coming into
the plant, after recovering the precious metals. Only the volume
of raw material solution should be allowed to .be discharged, and
this is why a discharge rate of 1.0 liter per liter was selected.
The 12 plants with this subdivision are shown in Table V-3 (page
2362).
SPENT CYANIDE STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
The BPT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for spent cyanide
stripping solutions is 3.7 liters per troy ounce of gold
recovered by cyanide stripping. This rate applies to plants
which recover gold by stripping it from a raw material such as
electronic scrap, with a cyanide-based solution, and then
recovering the gold from this solution. This rate is based on
the average of the lower five of six water use rates reported for
this stream in Table V-4 (page 2363). Plant 1100 was omitted
because of its excessive water use. EPA proposed 1.1 liters per
troy ounce for this waste stream, but stated that it was
considering 4.7 liters per troy ounce and would select between
the two based on a variety of factors, including public comment.
EPA decided to revise the rate from 1.1 to 3.7 liters per troy
ounce for promulgation based on comments received following
proposal.
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
refinery wet air pollution control is 21.0 liters per troy ounce
of precious metals, including silver, produced in the refinery,
based on zero percent recycle. This rate applies to either acid
or alkaline scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline scrubbers are
present in a particular facility, the same rate applies to each.
This rate is allocated only for plants practicing wet air
pollution control for acid or cyanide fumes in the refinery.
Twenty-eight plants reported this waste stream, five of which
practice zero percent recycle and discharge the wastewater (107,
42, 32.8, 6.8, and 2.4 liters per troy ounce). The BPT rate is
based on the average of the lower four of these five dischargers.
The highest flow rate (107 liters per trey ounce) was omitted
from the BPT rate calculation because there is no reason to
believe this much water is needed for this operation in light of
rates from the other plants. Table V-5 (page 2364) shows the
distribution of water use and discharge rates for refinery wet
air pollution control. The production normalized flow rate for
2541
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGQRY SECT - IX
plant 1112 was not included in the calculation of the BPT
discharge rate for this subdivision as discussed at the front of
this section.
GOLD SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE AND WASH WATER
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water is 0.63 liters
per troy ounce of gold recovered by solvent extraction. This
discharge rate is allocated only to plants which refine gold by a
solvent extraction process. The discharge rate is based on the
rate reported by the only plant with this process (0.63 liters
per troy ounce), as shown in Table V-6 (page 2366).
GOLD SPENT ELECTROLYTE
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
gold spent electrolyte is 0.0087 liters per troy ounce of gold
recovered by electrolysis. This rate only applies to plants
which refine gold by electrolysis. The discharge rate is based
on the lower of the two rates reported for this wastewater stream
(0.0087 liters per troy ounce), as shown in Table V-7 (page
2366). The other flow rate (0.294 liters per troy ounce) is more
than 10 times higher than the selected BPT rate.
GOLD PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
gold precipitation and filtration is 4.4 liters per troy ounce of
gold precipitated. This rate only applies to plants which refine
gold by dissolving gold-containing raw material in acid, and then
recovering gold by precipitation. This discharge rate is based
on the final or net quantity of gold produced using this process,
not the amount precipitated through each refining step. Of the
28 plants using this process, nine plants supplied insufficient
information to calculate discharge rates, two plants report 100
percent reuse of this water, and six plants do not discharge this
waste stream by means of contract hauling (these plants have
water use rates of 560.5, 69.1, 3.34, 0.815, 0.63, and 0.05
liters per troy ounce). The BPT discharge rate is based on the
average water use rate of 10 of the 11 discharging plants (24.3,
7.98, 4.1, 2.65, 2.5, 1.86, 0.341, 0.312. 0.27, and 0.144 liters
per troy ounce). The plant reporting 404 .liters per troy ounces
rate was not considered in the average because this water use
rate is almost 10 times that of the next highest plant. Eight of
the discharging plants meet the BPT rate. Water use and
discharge rates are presented in Table V-8 (page 2367).
PLATINUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
platinum precipitation and filtration is 5.2 liters per troy
ounce of platinum precipitated. This rate only applies to plants
which refine platinum by dissolving it in acid or base, and
recover it by precipitation. This discharge rate is based on the
2542
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
filial or net quantity of metal produced using this process, not
the amount precipitated through each refining step. Of the 18
plants using this process, 13 supplied insufficient information
to calculate discharge rates. Five plants reported sufficient
data (354, 30.2, 10.4, 4.5, and 0.58 liters per troy ounce).
Table V-9 (page 2369) presents the water use and discharge rates
for this waste stream. The BPT discharge rate is based on the
average of the three lowest water use rates. The 354 and 30.2
liters per troy ounce water use rates were omitted from the
average because there is no reason to believe this much water is
needed for this operation in light of the rates from the other
plants.
PALLADIUM PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
palladium precipitation and filtration was 3.5 liters per troy
ounce of palladium precipitated. As a result of the settlement
agreement, EPA is proposing to modify the flow rate from the
palladium precipitation and filtration building block from 3.5 to
6.0 liters per troy ounce of precious metals produced. This
change reflects a recalculation of the average flow for this
building block and the incorporation of new data. This rate only
applies to plants which refine palladium by dissolving it in acid
or base, and then recovering it by precipitation. This discharge
rate is based on the final or net quantity of metal produced
using this process, not the amount precipitated through each
refining step.
OTHER PLATINUM GROUP METALS PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
other platinum group metals (rhodium, iridium, osmium, and
ruthenium) precipitation and filtration is 5.2 liters per troy
ounce of platinum group metals precipitated. This rate only
applies to plants which refine these metals by dissolving them in
either acid or base, and then precipitating them. This discharge
rate is based on the final or net quantity of metal produced
using this process, not the amount precipitated through each
refining step. Three plants use this process and none reported
sufficient information to calculate water use or discharge rates.
This is shown in Table V-ll. The BPT discharge rate is therefore
based on the platinum precipitation and filtration BPT discharge
rate derived from Table V-9. These two subdivisions are expected
to have similar flows because all five metals (platinum, rhodium,
iridium, osmium, and ruthenium) are part of the platinum group,
and all are refined in a similar manner.
SPENT SOLUTION FROM PGC SALT PRODUCTION
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
spent solution from the PGC salt production process is 0.9 liters
per troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product. This rate
applies only to plants which manufacture a potassium gold cyanide
salt product by reacting pure gold with potassium cyanide
2543
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
solution. There are four plants reporting this process, as shown
in Table V-12 (page 2371). The plant reporting 260 liters per
troy ounce explained that part to that water is used in a
scrubber above the reaction vessel, and the two flow rates
(discharging excess solution and scrubber liquor) could not be
separated. It is likely that most of that plant's water
discharge is due to the scrubber. The plant reporting 0.9 liters
per troy ounce confirmed that its water discharge was due
entirely to the excess reaction solution. Because the data from
the plant reporting 260 liters per troy ounce could not be
apportioned between scrubber liquor and spent solution, the BPT
wastewater discharge is based upon 0.9 liters per troy ounce.
The production normalized flow rate for plant 1112 .was not
included in the calculation of the BPT discharge rate' for this
subdivision as discussed at the front of this section.
EQUIPMENT AND FLOOR WASH
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
equipment and floor wash is 0 liters per troy ounce of precious
metals, including silver, produced in the refinery. The BPT
discharge rate is based on recycle of treated effluent for use as
raw water for equipment and floor wash. In precious metals
refineries, EPA realizes there is a possibility of accidental
leaks and spills, which may contain precious metals and silver,
and need to be recovered by washing the equipment and the floor.
We believe that wastewater treatment plant effluent can be
recycled for this purpose, increasing the capacity of treatment
but not the actual amount of water discharged.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
As discussed in Sections V and VII, EPA agreed to establish BPT
limitations for a new building block, preliminary treatment, for
the secondary precious metals subcategory. The BPT water
discharge rate for this block is 50 liters per troy ounce of
precious metal produced. The flow basis is based on information
that is considered confidential.
REGOLATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination and
evaluation was presented in Section VI. Seven pollutant or
pollutant parameters selected for limitation under BPT and are
listed below:
120. copper
121. cyanide
128. zinc
ammonia (as N)
combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium)
total suspended solids (TSS)
2544
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
pH
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The concentrations achievable by application of the promulgated
BPT treatment are explained in Section VII of Vol. I and
summarized there in Table VII-21 (page 248). The achievable
treatment concentrations (both one-day maximum and monthly
average values) are multiplied by the BPT normalized discharge
flows summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2546) to calculate the mass
of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The
results of these calculations in milligrams of pollutant per
troy ounce of product represent the BPT effluent limitations and
are presented in Table IX-2 (page 2548) for each individual
building block.
2545
-------
TABLE IX-1
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
to
Ul
Wastewater Stream
Furnace wet air pollution control
Raw material granulation
Spent plating solutions
Spent cyanide stripping solutions
Refinery wet air pollution control
Gold solvent extraction raffinate
Gold spent electrolyte
Gold precipitation and
filtration
Platinum precipitation and
filtration
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates Production Normalizing Parameter
4.5 1/t.o.
0.64 1/t.o.
1.1 1/1
3.7 1/t.o.
1.0 1/t.o.
0.63 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of precious metals,
including silver, incinerated or
smelted
Troy ounces of precious metals in
the granulated raw material
Liters of spent plating solution
used as a raw material
Troy ounces of gold stripped
Troy ounces of precious metals
produced in refinery, including
silver
Troy ounces of gold produced by
solvent extraction
0.0087 1/t.o. Troy ounces of gold produced by
electrolysis
4.4 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of gold precipitated
Troy ounces of platinum
precipitated
w
w
o
o
a
»
K
»
o
H
O
a
w
s
M
m
c/i
a
to
o
I
o
o
s
w
m
n
i-i
-------
TABLE IX-1 (Continued)
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
to
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SU1CATEGORY
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony 206.100 91.900
Arsenic 150.100 66.770
Cadmium 24.410 10.770
Chromium 31.590 12.920
*Copper 136.400 71.800
*Cyanide 20.820 8.616
Lead 30.160 14.360
Nickel 137.900 91.190
Selenium 88.310 39.490
Silver 29.440 12.210
Thallium 147.200 65.340
*Zinc 104.800 43.800
*Ammonia 9,571.000 4,207.000
*Combined metals 21.540
*TSS 2,944.000 1,400.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2548
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX .
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR. THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for~
pollutant property any one day monthly average
nig/troy dunce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony 18.200 8.115
Arsenic 13.250 5.896
Cadmium . 2.156 . .951
Chromium 2.790 1.141
*Copper 12.050 6.340
*Cyanide 1.839 .761
Lead 2.663 1.268
Nickel 12.170 8.052
Selenium 7.798 3.487
Silver 2.599 1.078
Thallium 13,000 5.769
*Zinc 9.256 3.867
*Ammonia 845.100 , 371.500
*Combined metals 1.902
*TSS 259.900 123.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulateci Pollutant'
2549
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(c) Spent Plating Solutions BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/liter of spent
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
^Combined metals
*TSS
plating solutions
2.870
2.090
.340
.440
1.900
.290
.420
1.920
1.230
.410
2.050
1.460
133.300
.300
41.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
used as a raw material
1.280
.930
.150
.180
1.000
.120
.200
1.270
.550
.170
.910
.610
58.600
19.500
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2550
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGQRY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS F03 THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for , Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold stripped
Antimony 10.620 4.736
Arsenic 7.733 3.441
Cadmium 1.258 .555
Chromium 1.628 .666
*Copper 7.030 3.700
*Cyanide 1.073 .444
Lead 1.554 .740
Nickel 7.104 4.699
Selenium 4.551 2.035
Silver 1.517 , .629
Thallium 7.585 3.367
*Zinc 5.402 2.257
*Ammonia 493.200 216.800
*Combined metals 1.110
*TSS 151.700 72.150
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2551
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony 60 270 26.880
Arsenic 43.890 19.530
Cadmium 7.140 3.150
Chromium 9,240 3.780
*Copper 39.900 21.000
*Cyanide 6.090 2.520
Lead 8.820 4.200
Nickel 40.320 26.670
Selenium 25.830 11.550
Silver 8.610 3.570
Thallium 43.050 19.110
*Zinc 30.660 12.810
*Ammonia 2,799.000 1,231.000
*Combined metals 6.300 —
*TSS 861.000 409.500
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
•'•This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet
air pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline
wet air pollution control scrubbers are present in a
particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
2552
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOOS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOOS METALS SOBCATEGORY
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for '. Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
nig/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
1.808
1.317
.214
.277
1.197
.183
.265
1.210
.775
.258
1.292
.920
83.980
.189
25.830
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
.806
.586
.095
.113
.630
.076
.126
.800
.347
.107
.573
.384
36.920
___
12.290
times
*Regulated Pollutant
2553
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IK-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
ing/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony .025 .011
Arsenic .018 .008
Cadmium .003 .001
Chromium .004 .002
*Copper .017 .009
*Cyanide .003 .001
Lead .004 .002
Nickel .017 .011
Selenium .011 .005
Silver .004 .001
Thallium .018 .008
*Zinc .013 .005
*Ammonia 1.160 .510
*Combined metals .003
*TSS .357 .170
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2554
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or Maximum'for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony 12.630 5.632
Arsenic 9.196 4.092
Cadmium 1.496 .660
Chromium 1.936 .792
*Copper 8.360 4.400
*Cyanide 1.276 .528
Lead 1.848 .880
Nickel 8.448 5.588
Selenium 5.412 2.420
Silver 1.804 .748
Thallium . 9.020 4.004
*Zinc 6.424 2.684
*Anunonia 586.500 257.800
*Combined metals 1.320 •
*TSS 180.400 85.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2555
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATEGORY
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony 14.920 6.656
Arsenic 10.870 4.836
Cadmium 1.768 .780
Chromium 2.288 .936
*Copper 9.880 5.200
*Cyanide 1.508 .624
Lead 2.184 1.040
Nickel 9.984 6.604
Selenium 6.396 2.860
Silver 2.132 .884
Thallium 10.660 4.732
*Zinc 7.592 3.172
*Ammonia 693.200 304.700
*Combined metals 1.560
*TSS 213.200 101.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2556
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant orMaximum for. Maximum for~
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony 17.230 7.680
Arsenic 12.540 5.580
Cadmium 2.040 .900
Chromium " 2.640 1.08
*Copper • 11.400 6.000
*Cyanide 1.740 .720
Lead 2.520 1.200
Nickel • 11.520 7.620
Selenium 7.380 3.300
Silver 2.460 1.020
Thallium ' - - 12.300 5.460
*Zinc 8.760 3.660
*Ammonia ; 799.800 351.600
*Combined metals 1.800
*TSS 246.000 117.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2557
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY • SECT --IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(k) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
14.920
10.870
1.768
2.288
9,880
1.508
2.184
9.984
6.396
2.132
10.660
7.592
693.200
1.560
213.200
range of 7.5 to 10,0 at all
6.656
4.836
.780
.936
5.200
.624
1.040
6.604
2.860
.884
4.732
3.172
304.700
101.400
times
*Regulated Pollutant
2558
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production BPT
PoTlutant or Maximum for Maximum -for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
2.583
1.881
.306
.396
1.710
.261
.378
1.728
1.107
.369
1.845
1.314
120.000
.270
36.900
range of 7.5 to 10,0 at all
i.isi
.837
.135
.162
.900
.108
.180
1.143
.495
.153
.819
.549
52.740
17.550
times
*Regulated Pollutant
2559
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Equipment and Floor Wash BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
rag/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony 0.000 0.000
Arsenic 0.000 0.000
Cadmium 0.000 0.000
Chromium 0.000 0.000
*Copper 0.000 0.000
*Cyanide 0.000 0.000
Lead 0.000 0.000
Nickel 0.000 0.000
Selenium 0.000 0.000
Silver 0.000 0.000
Thallium ' 0.000 0.000
*Zinc 0.000 0.000
*Ammonia 0.000 0.000
*Combined metals 0.000
*TSS 0.000 0.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2560
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT.
IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUECATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*Combined metals
*Total suspended
solids
*pH
143
104
17
22
95
14
21
96
61
20
102
73
6665
15
2050
.500
.500
.000
.000
.000
.500
.000
.000
.500
.500
.5
.000
.000
.000
.000
64
46
7
9
50
6
10
63
27
8
45
30
2930
.000
.500
.500
.000
.000
.000
.000
.500
.500
.500
.5
.500
.000
975.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
^Regulated Pollutant
2561
-------
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Hc»Mtrlli« II Q
\arnJ S
tfl
o
1
H
Figure IX-1
BPT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
These effluent limitations are based on the best control and
treatment technology used by a specific point source within the
industrial category or subcategory, or by another category where
it is readily transferable. Emphasis is placed on additional
treatment techniques applied at the end of the treatment systems
currently used, as well as reduction of the amount of water used
and discharged, process control, and treatment technology
optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and the costs of application of such technology. BAT represents
the best available technology economically achievable at plants
of various ages, sizes, processes, or other characteristics.
Where the Agency has found the existing performance to be
uniformly inadequate, BAT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category. BAT may include feasible process
changes or internal controls, even when not in common practice.
The statutory assessment of BAT considers costs, but does not
require a balancing of costs against pollutant removals (see
Weyerhaeuser v. Costle, 11 ERG 2149 (D.C. Cir. 1978)). However,
in assessing the proposed and promulgated BAT, the Agency has
given substantial weight to the economic achievability of the
technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed a wide range of technology options and
evaluated the available possibilities to ensure that the most
effective and beneficial technologies were used as the basis to
BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency elected to examine three
technology options which could be applied to the secondary
precious metals subcategory as alternatives for the basis of BAT
effluent limitations.
For the development of BAT effluent limitations, mass loadings
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory using the same technical approach as described in
Section IX for BPT limitations development. The differences in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness achievable with the more sophisticated BAT
treatment technology and reductions in the effluent flows
allocated to various waste streams.
In summary, the treatment technologies considered for the
secondary precious metals subcategory are:
2563
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
Option A (Figure X-l, page 2592):
o Cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment for streams
containing cyanide at treatable concentrations
o Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment for streams
containing ammonia at treatable concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
Option B (Figure X-2, page 2593) is based on
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
and raw material granulation water
o Cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment for streams
containing cyanide at treatable concentrations
o Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment for streams
containing ammonia at treatable concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
Option C (Figure x-3, page 2594) is based on
6 In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
and raw material granulation water
o Cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment for streams
containing cyanide at treatable concentrations
o Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment for streams
containing ammonia at treatable concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
The three options examined for BAT are discussed in greater
detail below. The first option considered is the same as the BPT
treatment technology which was presented in the previous section.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary precious metals subcategory is
equivalent to the control and treatment technologies which were
analyzed for BPT in Section IX. The BPT end-of-pipe treatment
scheme includes chemical precipitation, sedimentation (caustic or
lime and settle), and ion exchange, with ammonia steam stripping
preliminary treatment of wastewaters containing treatable
concentrations of ammonia, and cyanide precipitation preliminary
treatment of wastewaters containing treatable concentrations of
cyanide (see Figure X-l, page 2592). The discharge rates for
Option A are equal to the discharge rates allocated to each
stream as a BPT discharge flow,
OPTION B
Option B for the secondary precious metals subcategory achieves
lower pollutant discharge by building upon the Option A (ammonia
2564
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
steam stripping, cyanide precipitation, chemical precipitation,
sedimentation and ,ion exchange) treatment technology. Flow
reduction measures are added to the Option A treatment scheme
(see Figure X-2, page 2593). These flow reduction measures.
including in-process changes, result in the concentration to
pollutants in some wastewatef streams. As explained in Section
VII of the General Development Document, treatment of a more
concentrated effluent allows achievement of a greater net
pollutant removal and introduces the possible economic benefits
associated with treating a lower volume of wastewater.
Option B flow" reduction measures are reflected in the BAT
wastewater discharge rates. Flow reduction has been included in
determining the BAT discharge rates for furnace wet air pollution
control, raw material granulation, and refinery wet air pollution
control. Based on available data, the Agency did not feel that
further flow reduction over BPT would . be feasible for the
remaining 10 waste streams in the secondary precious me.tals
subcategory. These waste streams are:
1. Spent plating solutions,
2. Spent cyanide stripping solutions,
3. Gold solvent extraction raffinate and wash water,
4. Gold spent electrolyte,
5. Gold precipitation and filtration,
6. Platinum precipitation and filtration,
7. Palladium precipitation and filtration
8. Other platinum group metals precipitation and
filtration,
9, Spent solution from PGC salt production, and
10. Equipment and floor wash.
Flow reduction measures used in Option B to reduce process
wastewater generation or discharge rates include the following:
Recycle of Water Used in Wet Air Pollution Control
There are two wastewater sources associated with wet air
pollution control which are regulated under these effluent
limitations:
1. Furnace scrubber, and
2. Refinery scrubber.
Table X-l (page 2592) presents the number of plants reporting
wastewater from the wet air pollution control sources listed
above, the number of plants practicing recycle, and the range of
recycle values being listed. Recycle of both furnace scrubber
water and refinery scrubber water are required for BAT. The
recycle rate used for both sources is based on the average of all
discharging plants which currently practice recycle of these
waste streams (currently practicing greater than 90 percent
recycle), as will be shown later.
2565
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
Recycle of Water Used for Raw Material Granulation
As shown in Table V-2 (page 2361), three plants generate
wastewater from their raw material granulation operation. One
plant (1082) practices 100 percent recycle of this water, and two
plants do not practice any recycle of this water. Flow reduction
based on 90 percent recycle of raw material granulation water
using holding tanks, is included under Option B. Recycle is
demonstrated at one plant for this subdivision, and there is no
reason to believe that 90 percent recycle cannot be practiced at
the two other plants with this subdivision.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary precious metals subcategory consists
of all control and treatment requirements of Option B (in-process
flow reduction, ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation,
and chemical precipitation, sedimentation and ion exchange) plus
multimedia filtration technology added between the sedimentation
and ion exchange operations at the end of the Option B treatment
scheme (see Figure X-3 (page 2594). Multimedia filtration is
used to remove suspended solids, including precipitates of
priority metals, beyond the concentration attainable by gravity
sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the gravity, mixed
media type, although other filters, such as rapid sand filters or
pressure filters, would perform satisfactorily.
INDUSTRY COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
As one means of evaluating each technology option, EPA developed
estimates to the pollutant removals and the compliance costs
associated with each option. The methodologies are described
below.
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
A complete description of the methodology used to calculate the
estimated pollutant removal, or benefit, achieved by the
application of the various treatment options is presented in
Section X of the General Development Document. The pollutant
removal estimates have been revised from proposal based on
comments and new data; however, the methodology for calculating
pollutant removals was not changed. The data used for estimating
removals are the same as those used to revise the compliance
costs.
Sampling data collected during the field sampling program were
used to characterize the major waste streams considered for
regulation. At each sampled facility, the sampling data was
production normalized for each unit operation (i.e., mass of
pollutant generated per mass of product manufactured). This
value, referred to as the raw waste, was used to estimate the
mass of priority pollutants generated within the secondary
precious metals subcategory. The pollutant removal estimates
were calculated £or each plant by first estimating the total mass
2566
-------
SECONDARY-PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
of each pollutant in the untreated wastewater. This was
calculated by first multiplying the raw waste values by the
corresponding production value for that stream and'then summing
these values for each pollutant for every stream generated by the
plant.
The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment option was estimated for each operation at each plant
by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory flow. The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the other
plant flows. The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by multiplying the achievable concentration values attainable
with the option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of process
wastewater discharged by the subcategory. The mass of pollutant
removed is the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated within the subcategory and the mass of pollutant
discharged . after application of the treatment option. The
pollutant removal estimates for direct dischargers in the
secondary precious metals subcategory are presented in Table X-2
(page 2574).
COMPLIANCE COSTS
In estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first step
was to develop a cost model, relating the total costs associated
with installation and operation of wastewater treatment
technologies to plant process wastewater discharge. EPA applied
the model on a per plant basis, a plant's costs (both capital,
and operating and maintenance) being determined by what treatment
it has in place and by its individual process wastewater
discharge (as discussed above, this flow is either the actual or
the BAT regulatory flow, whichever is lesser). The final step
was to annualize the capital costs, and to sum the annualized
capital costs, and the operating and maintenance costs, yielding
the cost of compliance for the subcategory. These costs were
used in assessing economic achievability. Table X-3 (page 2575)
shows the costs developed for promulgation for direct dischargers
in the secondary precious metals subcategory. Compliance costs
for indirect dischargers are presented in Table XII-2 (page
2620).
BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA selected Option C for the proposed BAT, which included
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation preliminary
treatment, flow reduction for furnace and refinery wet air
pollution control, and chemical precipitation, sedimentation and
multimedia filtration end-of-pipe treatment. Although the
compliance costs for the proposed BAT are not presented because
the data on which they are based has been claimed confidential,
it was determined that the pollutant removals justified the costs
for this subcategory. Implementation of the proposed BAT was
estimated to remove 34,580 kg of priority pollutants annually.
2567
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
BAT OPTION SELECTION ~ PROMULGATION
Following proposal, EPA received comments and collected
additional data showing a need for revising two regulatory flows
(raw material granulation and spent cyanide stripping solutions).
to consider additional treatment for high zinc concentrations,
and to include compliance costs for two facilities not included
in the proposal costs. Implementation of the promulgated BAT
limitations would remove annually an estimated 34,650 kg of
priority pollutants, which is 14 kg of priority pollutants
greater than the estimated BPT removal. No additional ammonia or
cyanide is removed at BAT.
EPA has added ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment to the BAT
treatment scheme discussed at proposal. Ion exchange is an
effective method for removing gold, platinum and palladium from
wastewaters generated in the subcategory. EPA has determined
that no additional costs will be generated in this subcategory by
adding ion exchange because of the value of the precious metals
recovered in the column.
EPA is promulgating BAT limitations for this subcategory based on
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation preliminary
treatment, flow reduction for furnace and refinery wet air
pollution control, as well as for raw material granulation, and
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, multimedia filtration and
ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment. This treatment scheme is the
same as that selected at proposal with the addition of flow
reduction for one stream and ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment.
The treatment performance concentrations, upon which the mass
limitations are based, are equal to the values used to calculate
the proposed mass limitations,
EPA is promulgating multimedia filtration as part of the BAT
technology because this technology results in additional removal
of priority metals. Filtration is also presently demonstrated at
25 plants throughout the nonferrous metals manufacturing
category, including one plant in this subcategory. Filtration
adds reliability to the treatment system by making it less
susceptible to operator error and to sudden changes in raw
wastewater flow and concentrations.
Based on comments received after proposal, the Agency believes
that it may be necessary for some facilities to use sulfide
polishing in order .to achieve the promulgated effluent
limitations because of high zinc concentrations or complexing
problems. Because the Agency believes that these situations will
be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide polishing is not
specifically included as part of the model technology on which
effluent limitations and performance standards are based. The
Agency has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants. After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing will result in a very small (less than 5 percent)
incremental increase in wastewater treatment costs at a typical
2568
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
secondary precious metals facility.
BAT treatment for the secondary precious metals subcategory is
shown schematically in Figure X-3 (page 2594).
Based on information made available t:o the Agency after
promulgation, the Agency has agreed to propose to make selected
amendments to the regulation promulgated on September 20, 1985,
(50 FR 38276). These changes included: adding a new (omitted)
building block for preliminary treatment; increasing the
production normalized flow for the palladium precipitation and
filtration building block, reflecting the Agency's recalculation
of the average flow for the building block and the incorporation
of new data; revising the manner of regulating gold, platinum,
and palladium to regulate the sum of these?; and, expanding the
refinery wet air pollution control building block to include
separate flow allowances for acid and alkaline scrubbers at
facilities with both types of scrubbers.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BAT discharge rate was calculated for each subdivision based
upon the flows of the existing plants', as determined from
analysis of the data collection portfolios. The discharge rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentration to determine
BAT effluent limitations. Since the discharge rate may be
different for each wastewater source, separate production
normalized discharge rates for each of the 14 wastewater sources
were determined and are summarized in Table X-4 (page 2576). The
discharge rates are normalized on a production basis by relating
the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of the
intermediate product which is produced by the process associated
with the waste stream in question. These production normalizing
parameters (PNP) are also listed in Table X-4.
As discussed previously, the promulgated BAT wastewater discharge
rate equals the promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for 11
of the 14 waste streams in the secondary precious metals
subcategory. Based on the available data, the Agency determined
that further flow reduction would not be feasible for these
wastewater sources. Wastewater streams for which BAT discharge
rates differ from BPT are discussed below.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BAT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated £or
furnace wet air pollution control is 4.5 liters per troy ounce of
precious metal, including silver, incinerated or smelted. This
rate is based on the value reported by the only discharging plant
practicing recycle, and it is supported by the tact that two
plants achieve zero discharge through 100 percent recycle.
RAW MATERIAL GRANULATION
The BAT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for raw material
2569
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
granulation is 0.64 liters per troy ounce of precious metals in
the granulated raw material. This rate is based on 90 percent
recycle of the promulgated BPT rate of 6.34 liters per troy
ounce. As discussed earlier in this sectionr 100 percent recycle
is practiced by one plant for this subdivision, and recycle is
considered feasible for the two non-recycling plants within this
subdivision.
REFINERY WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BAT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
refinery wet air pollution control is 1.0 liter per troy ounce of
precious metals, including silver, produced in the refinery. This
rate is based on the average of all discharging plants which
practice at least 90 percent recycle. These plants are shown in
Table V-5 (page 2364) (1.75 liters per troy ounce, 0.19 liters
per troy ounce, 0.234 liters per troy ounce, 14.2 liters per troy
ounce, 0.072 liters per troy ounce, 0.67 liters per troy ounce,
0.7 liters per troy ounce, 2.3 liters per troy ounce, 0.04 liters
per troy ounce, 0.174 liters per troy ounce, 0.036 liters per
troy ounce, 1.665 liters per troy ounce, 1.41 liters per troy
ounce, 1.1 liters per troy ounce, 0.06 liters per troy ounce,
4.64 liters per troy ounce, and 0.21 liters per troy ounce).
Omitting the plant discharging 14.2 liters per troy ounce as
being out to line with the water use at the majority of other
dischargers, the average discharge rate equals 1.0 liter per troy
ounce. This rate is supported by the average water use
calculation presented in Section IX. That calculation shows
average water use of 19.8 liters per troy ounce. Assuming 95
percent recycle is achievable (18 of 21 plants reported greater
than 90 percent recycle for this stream), the BAT wastewater
discharge rate of 1.0 liter per troy ounce is supported.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
In implementing the terms of the Consent Agreement in NRDC v.
Train, Op. Cit., and 33 U.S.C. $1314(b)(2)(A and B) (1976), the
Agency placed particular emphasis on the priority pollutants. The
raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and the
subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain pollutants
and pollutant parameters for consideration for limitation. This
examination and evaluation was presented in Section VI. The
Agency, however, has chosen not to regulate all 12 priority
pollutants selected in this analysis.
The high cost associated with analysis for priority metal
pollutants has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for
regulating and monitoring priority pollutant discharges from the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. Rather than developing
specific effluent mass limitations and standards for each of the
priority metals found in treatable concentrations in the raw
wastewaters from a given subcategory, the Agency is promulgating
effluent mass limitations only for those pollutants generated in
the greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal
analysis. The pollutants selected for specific limitation are
2570
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
listed below:
120. copper
121. cyanide
128. zinc
ammonia (as N)
combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium)
By establishing limitations and standards for certain priority
metal pollutants, dischargers will attain the same degree of
control over priority metal pollutants as they would have been
required to achieve had all the priority metal pollutants been
directly limited.
This approach is technically justified since the treatable
concentrations used for caustic precipitation and sedimentation
technology are based on optimized treatment for concomitant
multiple metals removal. Thus, even though metals have somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at very
nearly the same rate in a lime precipitation and sedimentation
treatment system operated for multiple metals removal.
Filtration as part of the technology basis is likewise justified
because this technology removes metals non-preferentially.
The priority metal pollutants selected for specific limitation in
the secondary precious metals subcategory to control the
discharges of priority metal pollutants are copper and zinc.
Cyanide, ammonia, and combined metals (gold, platinum, and
palladium), are also selected for limitation since the methods
used to control copper and zinc are not effective in the control
of cyanide, ammonia, and combined metals (gold, platinum, and
palladium).
The following toxic pollutants are excluded from limitation on
the basis that they are effectively controlled by the limitations
developed for copper and zinc:
114. antimony
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
122. lead
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The treatable concentrations achievable by application of the BAT
technology (Option C) are summarized in Table VII-21 (page 248)
of Vol. I. These treatable concentrations (both one-day maximum
and monthly average) are multiplied by the BAT normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table X-4 (page 2576) to calculate
the mass of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of
2571
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
product. The results of these calculations in milligrams of
pollutant per troy ounce of product represent the promulgated BAT
effluent limitations for the secondary precious metals
subcategory. BAT effluent limitations based on Option C (ammonia
steam stripping, cyanide precipitation, chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, in-process flow reduction, multimedia filtration
and ion exchange) are presented in Table X-5 (page 2578).
2572
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
. - -,..-•-.. = TABLE X-l ,
CORRENT RECYCLE,PRACTICES WITHIN, THE SECONDARY
• PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Number
Number of of Plants Range
Plants With Practicing of Recycle
Wastewater Recycle Values (%)
Furnace Scrubber 7 4 >90 - 100
Raw Material 4 1 100
Granulation
Refinery Scrubber 29 21 75 - 100
2573
-------
TABLE X-2
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Ul
-J
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc 34,
Raw Waste
(kg/yr)
1,23
0.40
3.22
3.88
293.11
17.76
23.27
0.01
89.31
224.90
11.23
0.38
001.15
Option A
Discharged
(kg/yr}
0.90
0.30
0.34
0.29
6.49
11.48
1.34
0.01
8.25
1.86
0.49
0.23
3.69 33
Option A
Removed
(kg/yr)
0.33
0.10
2.88
3.59
286.62
6.29
21.93
0.00
81.06
223.04
10.74
0.10
,937.46
Option B
Discharged
(kq/yr)
0.90
0.30
0.28
0.29
4.78
11.46
0.99
0.01
6.09
0.97
0.36
0.28
2.72 33
Option B
Removed
(kg/yr)
0.33
0.11
2.94
3.59
288.33
6.31
22.28
0.00
83.22
223.93
10.87
0.10
,998.43
Option C
Discharged
(kq/yr)
0.90
0.30
0.18
0.24
3.22
11.46
0.66
0.01
1.81
0.65
0.25
0.28
1.89 33
Option C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0.33
0.11
3.05
3.63
289.89
6.31
22.61
0.00
87.50
224.25
10.98
0.10
,999.26
Total 34,669.85
Priority Pollutants
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Gold
Platinum
Palladium
615.38
0.93
01
86
58
3.58
TOTAL 634.34
NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS 18,555.34
Oil & Grease 8.87
TOTAL 18,564.21
CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL
POLLUTANTS
53,868.40
35.72 34,634.14
29.43 34,639.81
120.98
0.33
2.28
0.08
0.08
0.08
494.39
0.61
0.73
7.78
3.50
3.50
120.80
0.18
2.26
0.05
0.05
0.05
494.57
0.75
0.74
7.81
3.53
3.53
123.83
510.51
123.40
510.94
134.29 18,421.05
6.70 2.17
140.99 18,423.22
300.54 53,567.87
98.91 18,456.43
6.66 2.21
105.57 18,458.64
258.40 53,609.39
21.85 34,648.02
120.80
0.12
2.26
0.05
0.05
0.05
123.34
494.57
0.81
0.74
7.
3.
3.
,81
.53
.53
511.00
22.30 18,533.04
6.66 2.21
28.96 18,535.25
174.15 53,694.27
OPTION A - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchartge, ammonia steam stripping,
and cyanide precipitation.
Option B - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchange, ammonia steam stripping,
cyanide precipitation, and flow reduction
Option C - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchange, ammonia steam stripping,
cyanide precipitation, flow reduction and filtration
W
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-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
Table X-3
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS IN THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
The costs for this subcategory cannot be presented here because
the data on which they are based have been claimed to be
confidential.
2575
-------
NJ
in
-j
TABLE X-4
BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE BATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
Furnace wet air pollution control
Raw material granulation
Spent plating solutions
Spent cyanide stripping solutions
Refinery wet air pollution control
Gold solvent extraction raffinate
Gold spent electrolyte
Gold precipitation and
filtration
Platinum precipitation and
filtration
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates Production Normalizing Parameter
4.5 1/t.o.
0.64 1/t.o.
1.1 1/1
3.7 1/t.o.
1.0 1/t.o.
0.63 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of precious metals,
including silver, incinerated or
smelted
Troy ounces of precious metals in
the granulated raw material
Liters of spent plating solution
used as a raw material
Troy ounces of gold stripped
Troy ounces of precious metals
produced in refinery, including
silver
Troy ounces of gold produced by
solvent eKtraction
0.0087 1/t.o. Troy ounces of gold produced by
electrolysis
4.4 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of gold precipitated
Troy ounces of platinum
precipitated
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Ol
-4
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY
PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
Palladium precipitation
and filtration
Other platinum group metals
precipitation and filtration
Spent solution from
PGC salt production
Equipment and floor wash
NOTES
1/t.o. - liters per troy ounce
1/1 = liters per liter
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates
3.5 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
0.9 1/t.o.
0.0 1/t.o.
Production Normalizing Parameter
Troy ounces of palladium
precipitated
Troy ounces of other platinum
group metals precipitation
Troy ounces of gold contained
in PGC product
Troy ounces of precious metals
metals including silver produced
in refinery
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cn
S
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en
3
o
5
w
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I
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-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum "for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined Metals
8.685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0.585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700
^^w
*Regulated Pollutant
2578
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
0.550
0.397
0.051
0.096
0.390
0.051
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0.390
0.269
37.500
__^
*Regulated Pollutant
2579
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(c) Spent Plating Solutions BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/1 of spent plating solutions used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
••>••••»
*Regulated Pollutant
2580
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold tripped
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
7.141
5.143
0.740
1.369
4.736
0.740
1.036
2.035
3.034
1.073
5.180
3.774
493.200
1.110
3.182
2.294
0.296
0.555
2.257
0.296
0.481
1.369
1.369
0.444
2.257
1.554
216.800
"—""~"111"
*Regulated Pollutant
2581
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Web Air Pollution Control-*- BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
•*"«••*•«
*Regulated Pollutant
allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet
air pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline
wet air pollution control scrubbers are present in a
particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
2582
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATECORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water BAT
Pollutant orMaximum ForMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920
•mm-UM mm
*Regulated Pollutant
2583
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR 'THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
rag/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510
wonwaM
*Regulated Pollutant
2584
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800
"•"•"•"•*
*Regulated Pollutant
2585
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*&mmonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
*_. *•.**»
*Regulated Pollutant
2586
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOOS METALS SOBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration BAT
Pollutant or "Maximum for Maximum for ~~
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Hickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
11.580
8.340
1.200
2.200
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4.420
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
•«•*"*««»
*Regulated Pollutant
2587
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE x-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
( k ) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation a_ml Flit tat, ion BAT
Pollutant or Max irnum For Max I mum
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
other platinum
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
group metals precipitated
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
~* •"•*"•*
*Regulated Pollutant
2588
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.737
1.251
0.180
0.333
1.152
0.180
0.252
0.495
0.738
0.261
1.260
0.918
120.000
0.270
0.774
0.558
0.072
0.135
0.549
0.072
0.117
0.333
0.333
0.108
0.549
0.378
52.740
™"™"'™ *"""
*Regulated Pollutant
2589
-------
PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Equipment and Floor Wash BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
— -—— •
*Regulated Pollutant
2590
-------
SECONDARY pRr:rro;i-: •^;rr."'"i S-BC.VTECORY .SECT
TABLE X-5 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Avcragw
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Antimony 96.500 43.000
Arsenic 69.500 31.000
Cadmium 10.000 4.000
Chromium 18.500 7.500
Copper 64.000 30.500
Cyanide (total) 10.000 4.000
Lead 14.000 1.500
Nickel 27.500 18.500
Selenium 41.000 18.500
Silver 14.500 6.000
Thallium 70.000 30.500
Zinc 51.000 21.000
Combined metals 15.000 —
Ammonia (as N 6665.000 2930.000
2591
-------
ChmlrilJIMIII**
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BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION C
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -'
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
This section describes the technologies for treatment of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for regulated pollutants for NSPS in the secondary precious
metals subcategory, based on the selected treatment technology.
New plants have the opportunity to design the best and most
efficient production processes and wastewater treatment
technologies without facing the added costs and restrictions
encountered in retrofitting an existing plant. Therefore, EPA
considered the best demonstrated process changes, in-plant
controls, and end-of-pipe treatment technologies which reduce
pollution to the maximum extent feasible.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
New source performance standards are equivalent to the best
available technology (BAT) selected for currently existing
secondary precious metals plants. This result is a consequence
of careful review by the Agency of a wide range of technical
options for new source treatment systems. Additionally, there was
nothing found to indicate that the wastewater flows and
characteristics of new plants would not be similar to those from
existing plants since the processes used by new sources are not
expected to differ from those used at existing sources. BAT
production normalized discharge rates, which are based on the
best existing practices of the .subcategory, can also be applied
to new sources. These rates are presented in Table XI-1 (page
2599).
SPA proposed that furnace wet air pollution control be given a
zero discharge allowance for new sources, based on dry air
pollution control techniques. After reviewing comments received
on the proposal, EPA has decided to revise the allowance to be
equal to the allowance for furnace wet ai'r pollution control at
BAT.
Treatment technologies considered for the NSPS options are
identical to the treatment technologies considered for the BAT
options. These options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation (where
required)
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
2595
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
OPTION B
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
(where required)
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction of refinery scrubber liquor
and raw material granulation water
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
OPTION C
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
(where' required)
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction to refinery scrubber liquor
and raw material granulation water
o Multimedia filtration
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed that the best available demonstrated technology for
the secondary precious metals subcategory be equivalent to the
proposed Option C with additional flow reduction, which included
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation preliminary
treatment, dry air pollution control for furnace emissions, flow
reduction for refinery wet air pollution control, and end-of-pipe
treatment consisting of chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and multimedia filtration. Zero discharge for furnace air
pollution control was based on dry scrubbing, which is
demonstrated at 11 of 16 plants which control off-gases from the
furnace. Except for furnace air pollution control, EPA proposed
that NSPS wastewater discharge rates be equivalent to the
proposed BAT rates. Flow reduction beyond BAT for the other 13
streams in this subcategory is not demonstrated.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating best available demonstrated technology for
the secondary precious metals subcategory equivalent to Option C
which includes ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation
preliminary treatment, flow reduction for furnace and refinery
wet air pollution control and raw material granulation, and end-
of-pipe treatment consisting of chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, multimedia filtration and ion exchange. As
discussed under BAT option selection-promulgation, ion exchange
end-of-pipe treatment is necessary to reduce gold, platinum and
palladium concentrations. Regulatory flows for furnace wet air
pollution control, raw material granulation and spent cyanide
stripping solutions have been revised since proposal, based on
2596
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
comments received by the Agency on the proposed flow rates. . The
promulgated NSPS option is equivalent to the promulgated BAT
option.
REGULATED POLLUTANT.PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be found in./treatable concentrations in processes within new
sources will be any different than with existing sources.
Accordingly, pollutants and pollutant parameters selected for
limitation under NSPS, in accordance with the rationale of
Sections VI and X, are' identical to those selected for BAT. The
conventional pollutant parameters TSS and pH are also selected
for limitation.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The promulgated NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source
are the same as the promulgated discharge rates for BAT, except
for furnace wet air pollution control, and are shown in Table XI-
1 (page 2599). The mass of pollutant allowed to be, discharged
per mass of product is calculated by multiplying the appropriate
treatable concentration (mg/1) by the production normalized
wastewater discharge flows (liter/troy ounce). The treatable
concentrations are listed in Table VII-21 (page 248) of Vol. I.
The results of these calculations are the production-based new
source performance standards. These standards are presented in
Tables XI-2 (page 2600).
2597
-------
cn
y>
oo
TABLE XI-1
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
Furnace wet air pollution control
Raw material granulation
Spent plating solutions
Spent cyanide stripping solutions
Refinery wet air pollution control
Gold solvent extraction raffinate
Gold spent electrolyte
Gold precipitation and
filtration
Platinum precipitation and
filtration
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates Production Normalizing Parameter
4.5 1/t.o.
0.64 1/t.o.
1.1 1/1
3.7 1/t.o.
1.0 1/t.o.
0.63 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of precious metals,
including silver, incinerated or
smelted
Troy ounces of precious metals in
the granulated raw material
Liters of spent plating solution
used as a raw material
Troy ounces of gold stripped
Troy ounces of precious metals
produced in refinery, including
silver
Troy ounces of gold produced by
solvent extraction
0.0087 1/t.o. Troy ounces of gold produced by
electrolysis
4.4 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of gold precipitated
Troy ounces of platinum
precipitated
n
a
o
n
H
8
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3
m
n
s
M
W
a
Cd
O
s
M
a
o
w
X
1-1
-------
TABLE XI-1 (Continued)
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
K>
tn
Wastewater Stream
Palladium precipitation
and filtration
Other platinum group metals
precipitation and filtration
Spent solution from
PGC salt production
Equipment and floor wash
NOTES.
1/t.o. = liters per troy ounce
1/1 = liters per liter
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates
3.5 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
0,9 1/t.o.
0.0 1/t.o.
Production Normalizing Parameter
Troy ounces of palladium
precipitated
Troy ounces of other platinum
group metals precipitation
Troy ounces of gold contained
in PGC product
Troy ounces of precious metals
metals including silver produced
in refinery
o
25
t)
w
o
H
o
G
m
&
w
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w
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o
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w
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I
H
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
^a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for"
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony 8 685 3.870
Arsenic 6.255 2.790
Cadmium 0.900 0.360
Chromium 1.665 0.675
*Copper 5.760 2.745
*Cyanide 0.900 0.360
Lead 1.260 0.585
Nickel 2.475 1.665
Selenium . 3.690 1.665
Silver 1.305 0.540
Thallium 6,300 2.745
*Zinc 4.590 1.890
*&mmonia 599.900 263.700
*Combined metals 1.350
*TSS 67.500 54.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2600
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony 1.235 0.550
Arsenic 0.890 0.397
Cadmium 0.128 0.051
Chromium 0.237 0.096
*Copper 0.819 0.390
*Cyanide 0.128 0.051
Lead 0.179 0.083
Nickel 0.352 0.237
Selenium 0.525 0.237
Silver 0.186 0.077
Thallium 0.896 0.390
*Zinc 0.653 0.269
*Ammonia 85.310 37.500
*Combined metals 0.192
*TSS 9.600 7.680
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2601
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(c) Spent Plating Solutions NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/liter of spent
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Cdpper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
plating solutions
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
15.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
used as a raw material
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
•
12.000
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2602
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for~
pollutant property any one day monthly average
^..., , . _ _ _ ,___ 111., 11111111111 1111111111111111 —ii« r nir -.- n i-t i -i-r -n nn 111 i n „ - in. 111 111111111111 n i inui :L.^_n ::: :
mg/troy ounce of gold stripped
Antimony 7.141 3.182
Arsenic 5.143 2.294
Cadmium 0.740 0.296
Chromium 1.369 0.555
*Copper 4.736 2.257
*Cyanide 0.740 0.296
Lead 1.036 0.481
Nickel 2.035 1.369
Selenium 3.034 1.369
Silver 1.073 0.444
Thallium 5.180 2.257
*Zinc 3.774 1.554
*Amraonia 493.200 216.800
*Combined metals 1.110
*TSS 55.500 44.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2603
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Arsenic 1.390 0.620
Cadmium 0.200 0.080
Chromium 0.370 0.150
*Copper 1.280 0.610
*Cyanide ' 0.200 0.080
Lead 0.280 0.130
Nickel 0.550 0.370
Selenium 0.820 0.370
Silver 0.290 0.120
Thallium 1.400 0.610
*Zinc 1.020 0.420
*Ammonia 133.300 58.600
*Combined metals 0.300
*TSS 15.000 12.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
•'•This allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet
air pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline
wet air pollution control scrubbers are present in a
particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
2604
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI -.
TABLE XI -2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
( f ) Gold Solvent Extraction Raf finate and Wash Water NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for : Maximum for ~~~~
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the range
gold produced
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
9.450
of 7.5 to 10.
by solvent extraction
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920
— -
7,560
0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2605
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SrjBCATE.GORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
ounce of gold produced
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007.
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.131
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
by electrolysis
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510
___
0.104
all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2606
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant or'"~Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
nig/ troy
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium ,
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the range
ounce of gold
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.32.0
66.000
of 7.5 to 10.
precipitated
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800
— _
52.800
0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2607
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS M.ET-XLS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
{i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony 10.040 4.472
Arsenic 7.228 3.224
Cadmium 1.040 0.416
Chromium 1.924 0.780
*Copper 6.656 3.172
*Cyanide 1.040 0.416
Lead 1.456 0.676
Nickel 2.860 1.924
Selenium " 4.264 1.924
Silver 1.508 0.624
Thallium 7,280 3.172
*Zinc 5.304 2.184
*Ammonia 693.200 304.700
*Combined metals 1.560
*TSS 78.000 62.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2608
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATSCORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitcited
Antimony 11.580 5.160
Arsenic 8.340 3.720
Cadmium 1.200 0.480
Chromium 2.220 0.900
*Copper 7.680 3.660
*Cyanide 1.200 0.480
Lead 1.680 0.780
Nickel 3.300 2.220
Selenium 4.920 2.220
Silver 1.740 0.720
Thallium 8.400 3.660
*Zinc 6.120 2.520
*Ammonia 799.800 351.600
*Combined metals 1.800
*TSS 90.000 72.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2609
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SQBCATEGORY SECT - XT
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(k) Other Platinum Group Metals P r ec ip i t a t i o n and Filtration NSPS
Pollutant or '. Maximum for Max!mum for
pollutant property any one day . monthly average
i
mg/troy ounce of other platinum group metals precipitated
Antimony 10.040 4.472
Arsenic 7.228 3.224
Cadmium 1.040 0.416
Chromium 1.924 0.780
Copper 6.656 3.172
*Cyanide • 1.040 0.416
Lead 1.456 0.676
Nickel 2.860 1.924
Selenium 4.264 1.924
Silver 1.508 0.624
Thallium 7.280 3.172
*Zinc 5.304 2.184
*Ammonia 693.200 304.700
*Combined metals 1.560
*TSS 78.000 62.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2610
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCA.TEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI -2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
( 1 ) Spent Solution from PGC Sal t Production NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH Within the
ounce of gold contained
1.737
1.251
0.180
0.333
1.152
0.180
0.252
0.495
0.738
0.261
1.260
0.918
120.000
0.270
13.500
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
in PGC product
0.774
0.558
0.072
0.135
0.549
0.072
0.117
0.333
0.333
0.108
0.549
0.378
52.740
10.800
all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2611
-------
HF-TCn\;D5?,Y PRECCOff^ yKT.'XLS SUOCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
CI romium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver-
Thallium
*Zinc
*&mmonia
*Combined metals
*TSS
*pH W-thin the
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
times
*Regulated Pollutant
2612
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy,
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
Total suspended
solids
PH
ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
96
69
10
18
64
10
14
27
41
14
70
51
15
6665
750
.500
.500
.000
.500
.000
.000
.000
.500
.000
.500
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
43.000
31.000
4.000
7.500
30.500
4.000
6.500
18.500
18.500
6.000
30.500
21.000
2930.000
600.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
2613
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS ME'TALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2614
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from existing sources and new
sources in the secondary precious metals subcategory.
Pretreatment standards for regulated pollutants are presented
based on the selected control and treatment technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
Before proposing and promulgating pretreatment standards, the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen sludge disposal practices. In determining whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving secondary
treatment, the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable. A
pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the average
percentage removed nationwide by well-operated POTW meeting
secondary treatment requirements, is less than the percentage
removed by direct dischargers complying with BAT effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant. (See generally, 46 FR
at 9414-16 (January 28, 1981)).
This definition of pass through satisfies two competing
objectives set by Congress: (1) that standards for indirect
dischargers be equivalent to standards for direct dischargers
while at the same time, (2) that the treatment capability and
performance of the POTW be recognized and taken into account in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The Agency compares percentage removal rather than the mass or
concentration of pollutants discharged because the latter would
not take into account the mass of pollutants discharged to the
POTW from non-industrial sources or the dilution of the
pollutants in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
The industry cost and pollutant removal estimates of each
treatment option were used to determine the most cost-effective
option. The methodology applied in calculating pollutant removal
estimates and plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X.
Table XII-1 (page 2619) shows the estimated pollutant removal
benefits for indirect dischargers. A comparison of proposal and
promulgation compliance costs for indirect dischargers are
presented^in Table XII-2 (page 2620).
2615
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGQRY SECT -XII
PRBTRSATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES
Options for pretreatment of wastewaters from both existing and
new sources are based on increasing the effectiveness of end-of-
pipe treatment technologies. All in-plant changes and applicable
end-of-pipe treatment processes have been discussed previously in
Sections X and XI. The options for PSES and PSNS, therefore, are
the same as the BAT and NSPS options discussed in Sections X and
XI, respectively.
A description of each option is presented in Sections X and XI,
while a more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled
by each treatment process is presented in Section VII of Vol. I.
Treatment technologies considered for the PSES and PSNS options
are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
(where required)
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
OPTION B
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
(where required)
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction of furnace and refinery
scrubber liquor as well as for raw material granulation
water
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
OPTION C
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
(where required)
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o In-process flow reduction of furnace and refinery
scrubber liquor as well as for raw material granulation
water
o Multimedia filtration
o Ion exchange end-of-pipe treatment
PSES OPTION SELECTION
2616
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
EPA promulgated PSES equal to BAT (Option C) for this
subcategory. It is necessary to promulgate this PSES to prevent
pass-through of copper, cyanide, zinc, ammonia, gold, platinum
and palladium. These priority pollutants are removed by a well
operated POTW achieving secondary treatment at an average of 32
percent, while BAT level technology removes approximately 99
percent.
The technology basis for PSES thus is chemical precipitation and
sedimentation, ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation,
wastewater flow reduction, multimedia filtration and ion
exchange. The achievable concentration for ammonia steam
stripping is based on iron and steel manufacturing category data,
as explained in the discussion of BPT and BAT for this
subcategory. Flow reduction is based on the same recycle of
scrubber effluent and raw material granulation water that is the
flow basis of BAT. Recycle is practiced by 22 of the 31 existing
plants in the subcategory.
Implementation of the promulgated PSES limitations vould remove
annually an estimated 110,000 kg of priority pollutants including
866 kg of cyanide, and an estimated 10,534 kg of ammonia. Capital
cost for achieving promulgated PSES is $1,809,400 and annualized
cost of $1,100,500. - The promulgated PSES will not result in
adverse economic impacts.
Based on comments received after proposal, the Agency believes
that it , may be necessary for some facilities to use sulfide
polishing in order to achieve the promulgated effluent
limitations because of high zinc concentrations or complexing
problems. Because the Agency believes that these situations will
be the exception, rather than the rule, sulfide polishing is not
specifically included as part of the model technology on which
pretreatment standards for existing sources are based. The
Agency has, however, evaluated the cost associated with the use
of sulfide polishing at secondary precious metals plants. After
performing this evaluation, the Agency has concluded that sulfide
polishing will result in a very small (less than 5 percent)
incremental increase in wastewater treatment costs at a typical
secondary precious metals facility.
PSNS OPTION SELECTION
We are promulgating PSNS equivalent to NSPS (Option C). The
technology basis for promulgated PSNS is identical to NSPS. This
is equivalent to PSES and BAT. The same pollutants pass through
at PSNS as at PSES, for the same reasons. We know of no
economically feasible, demonstrated technology that is better
than NSPS technology. The NSPS flow allowances are based on
minimization of process wastewater wherever possible through the
use of holding tanks to recycle wet scrubbing wastewater and raw
material granulation water. The discharges are based qn recycle
of these waste streams (see Section X - Recycle of Water Used in
Wet Air Pollution Control).
2617
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -XII
EPA believes that the promulgated PSNS are achievable, and that
they are not a barrier to entry of new plants into this
subcategory.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Pollutants selected for limitation, in accordance with the
rationale of Sections VI and X, are identical to those selected
for limitation for BAT. It is necessary to promulgate PSES and
PSNS to prevent the pass-through of copper, cyanide, zinc,
ammonia, and combined metals (gold, platinum, and palladium),
which are the limited pollutants.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Pretreatment standards are based on the treatable concentrations
from the selected treatment technology/ (Option C), and the
discharge rates determined in Sections X and XI for BAT and NSPS,
respectively. A mass of pollutant per mass of product (mg/troy
ounce) allocation is given for each subdivision within the sub-
category. This pollutant allocation is based on the product of
the treatable concentration from the promulgated treatment (mg/1)
and the production normalized wastewater discharge rate (liter/
troy ounce). The achievable treatment concentrations for BAT are
identical to those for PSES and PSNS. These concentrations are
listed in Table VII-21 (page 248) of Vol. I. PSES and PSNS are
presented in Tables XII-4 (page 2623) and Xll-5 (page 2637).
2618
-------
Table XlI-1
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
a\
Pollutant
Antimony
Artiunic
Cadmium
'Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
TOTAL TOXICS
Ammonia
Cobalt
Fluoride
Gold
Platlr.uiB
Palladium
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
Oil and Grease
TOTAL CONVKNTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw Haste
(kg/yr)
34.87
12.16
17.02
187.43
2,603.86
881.57
112.79
0.10
1,161.39
2.630.50
42.41
11.62
102.677.88
110,373.62
10,962.04
5.04
12.12
39.43
!?.96
17.96
11,054.55
61,714.13
37.66
61,751.78
183J79.95
Option A
Discharge
(kg/yr)
9.85
5.73
2.96
2.96
21.71
19.53
4.49
0.09
27.70
11.12
3.74
5.47
12.35
127.70
884.29
1.68
10.57
0.39
0.39
0.39
896.71
449.16
32.87
482.04
1.507.45
Option A
Removed
25.01
6.42
14.06
184.47
2,582.15
862,04
108.29
0.00
1,133.69
2,619.43
38.67
6.15
102,665.53
110,245.92
Option B
Discharge
(kg/yr)
tip t ion B
Removed
8.15
4.61
1.13
1.20
8,31
1 5. 59
1.72
0.09
10.60
4.19
1.43
4.37
4.73
26.72
7.55
15.88
186.22
2,595.55
865.98
111.07
0.01
1,150.79
2,626.36
40.98
7.25
102,673.15
66.13
110,307,49
Option C
Discharge
(kg/yr)
6.31
3.40
0.70
1.00
5.59
15.34
1.15
0.09
3.15
2.79
1.00
3.23
3.30
47.06
10,156:84
61,264.96
4.78
61,269.75
181,672.50
438.99
171.94
30.51
202.44
707.55
10.615.56
61,542.19
7.15
61,549.34
182,472.40
438.76
37.25
30.51
67.76
553.58
Uption U
Removed
(kg/yr)
28.56
8.75
16.31
186.42
2,598.27
866.28
111.64
0.01
1,158.24
2,627.76
41.41
8.38
102,674.59
110,326.56
10,962.04
5.04
12.12
39.43
!?.96
17.96
884.29
1.68
10.57
0.39
0.39
0.39
10,077.75
3.36
1.54
39.04
IT. 5?
17.57
427.92
0.71
9.84
0.17
0.17
0.17
10,534.12
4.33
2.27
39.26
17.79
17.79
427.92
0.48
9.84
0.17
0.17
0.17
10,534.12
4.57
2.27
39.26
17.79
17.79
10,615.79
61,676.87
7.15
61,684.03
182,626.37
M
M
O
O
I
O
H
O
G
W
s
w
w"
G
a
o
w
o
o
pa
w
w
o
Option A - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchange, ammonia steam stripping, and cyanide precipitation.
Option B -Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchange, ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation, and Clow
reduction.
Option C - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, ion exchange, ammonia steam stripping, cyanide precipitation, flow
reduction, and filtration.
H
H
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY
PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total Required Total
Option Capital Cost Annual Cost
A 1,774,400 1,078,000
B Ir707r000 1,034,000
C 1,809,400 1,100,500
2620
-------
TABLE XII-3
PSES AND PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
Ki
a\
Wastewater Stream
Furnace wet air pollution control
Raw material granulation
Spent plating solutions
Spent cyanide stripping solutions
Refinery wet air pollution control
Gold solvent extraction raffinate
Gold spent electrolyte
Gold precipitation and
filtration
Platinum precipitation and
filtration
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates
4.5 1/t.o.
0.64 1/t.o.
1.1 1/1
3.7 1/t.o.
1.0 1/t.o.
0.63 1/t.o.
Production Normalizing Parameter
Troy ounces of precious metals,
including silver, incinerated or
smelted
Troy ounces of precious metals in
the granulated raw material
Liters of spent plating solution
used as a raw material
Troy ounces of gold stripped
Troy ounces of precious metals
produced in refinery, including
silver
Troy ounces of gold produced by
solvent extraction
0.0087 1/t.o. Troy ounces of gold produced by
electrolysis
4.4 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
Troy ounces of gold precipitated
Troy ounces of platinum
precipitated
in
w
a
o
M
8
tn
a
w
§
o
s
M
&
I
W
a
o
Hi
H
H
-------
TABLE XII-3 (Continued)
PSES AND PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
to
o\
to
to
Wastewater Stream
Palladium precipitation
and filtration
Other platinum group metals
precipitation and filtration
Spent solution from
PGC salt production
Equipment and floor wash
NOTES
1/t.o. = liters per troy ounce
1/1 - liters per liter
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rates
3.5 1/t.o.
5.2 1/t.o.
0.9 1/t.o.
0.0 1/t.o.
Production Normalizing Parameter
Troy ounces of palladium
precipitated
Troy ounces of other platinum
group metals precipitation
Troy ounces of gold contained
in PGC product
Troy ounces of precious metals
metals including silver produced
in refinery
w
o
I
M
O
H
O
c
w
m
CO
§
o
§
M
O
I
in
w
o
i-i
x
H
H
-------
• SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS-SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-4
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Contr pi PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0.585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700
_~W«M«
*Regulated Pollutant
2623
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
nig/troy ounce of precious metal in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
0.550
0.397
0.051
0.096
0.390
0.051
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0.390
0.269
37.500
___._
*Regulated Pollutant
2624
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
t°) Spent Plating Solutions PSES
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/liter of spent plating solutions used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
^™^~™"
*Regulated Pollutant
2625
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XTI
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold stripped
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*&mmonia
*Combined metals
7.141
5.143
0.740
1.369
4.736
0.740
1.036
2.035
3.034
1.073
5.180
3.774
493.200
1.110
3.182
2.294
0.296
0.555
2.257
0.296
0.481
1.369
1.369
0.444
2.257
1.554
216.800
"*"* •""»*"*
*Regulated Pollutant
2626
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT -' XII
TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
^*"**™"
*Regulated Pollutant
allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet
air pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline
wet air pollution control scrubbers are present in a
particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
2627
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SOBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Water NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
of gold produced
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
by solvent extraction
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920
MHK^B^V
*Regulated Pollutant
2628
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT"- XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(g) Gold Spent Electrolyte PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of.gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510
«»*OT***M
*Regulated Pollutant
2629
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOOS METALS SDBCATEGORY
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800
"""" ~ "*"•
*Regulated Pollutant
2630
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE Xll-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or '. Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
^__
*Regulated Pollutant
2631
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY . SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*&mmonia
*Combined metals
11.580 ,
8.340
1.200
2.200
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4.920
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
"""""""""'*"*
*Regulated Pollutant
2632
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
4
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(k) Other Platinum Groug Metals Precipitation and Filtration PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce o£
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
other platinum
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
group metals precipitate
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
•""""•™
*Regulated Pollutant
2633
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(1) Solution from PGC Salt Production PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold contained in PGC product
Antimony 1.737 0.774
Arsenic 1.251 0.558
Cadmium 0.180 0.072
Chromium 0.333 0.135
*Copper 1.152 0.549
*Cyanide 0.180 0.072
Lead 0.252 0.117
Nickel 0.495 0.333
Selenium 0.738 0.333
Silver 0.261 0.108
Thallium 1.260 0.549
*Zinc 0,918 0.378
*Ammonia 120.000 52.740
*Combined metals 0.270
*Regulated Pollutant
2634
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash PSES
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
""» «""""*"
*Regulated Pollutant
2635
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
96.500
69.500
10.000
18.500
64.000
10.000
14.000
27.500
41.000
14.500
70.000
51.000
15.000
6665.000
43.000
31.000
4.000
7.500
30.500
4.000
6.500
18.500
18.500
6.000
30.500
21.000
2930.000
2636
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
i
(a) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
__uut^m,.,x.,..m^^ __ ,,,,,,,,,,lt(,,, .,,,,,,,,,,,,1,1 i„ -i-i-m-i-.. . __.. mmm:^^=v=r=v—•4-iiini mnnnn -n 1111 •m 111 •••':: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:.,:.
Pollutant or Maximum for *> Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals incinerated or smelted
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
8.685
6.255
0.900
1.665
5.760
0.900
1.260
2.475
3.690
1.305
6.300
4.590
599.900
1.350
3.870
2.790
0.360
0.675
2.745
0.360
0 . 585
1.665
1.665
0.540
2.745
1.890
263.700
""""""*"'
*Regulated Pollutant
2637
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(b) Raw Material Granulation PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals in the granulated raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.235
0.890
0.128
0.237
0.819
0.128
0.179
0.352
0.525
0.186
0.896
0.653
85.310
0.192
0.550
0.397
0.051
0.096
0.390
0.051
0.083
0.237
0.237
0.077
0,390
0.269
37.500
«•*«**_
*Regulated Pollutant
2638
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(c) Spent Plating Solutions PSNS
Pollutant orMaximumforMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
rag/liter of spent
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zine
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
plating solutions
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
used as a raw material
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
«•••«•• ^™
*Regulated Pollutant
2639
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(d) Spent Cyanide Stripping Solutions PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold
stripped
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
7.141
5.143
0.740
1.369
4.736
0.740
1.036
2.035
3.034
1.073
5.180
3.774
493.200
1.110
3.182
2.294
0.296
0.555
2.257
0.296
0.481
1.369
1.369
0.444
2.257
1.554
216.800
™*^™"~
*Regulated Pollutant
2640
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(e) Refinery Wet Air Pollution Control1 PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.930
1.390
0.200
0.370
1.280
0.200
0.280
0.550
0.820
0.290
1.400
1.020
133.300
0.300
0.860
0.620
0.080
0.150
0.610
0.080
0.130
0.370
0.370
0.120
0.610
0.420
58.600
•••• — —
*Regulated Pollutant
allowance applies to either acid or alkaline wet
air pollution control scrubbers. If both acid and alkaline
wet air pollution control scrubbers are present in a
particular facility the same allowance applies to each.
2641
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE Xll-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(f) Gold Solvent Extraction Raffinate and Wash Waber PSNS
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
nig/troy ounce of gold produced by solvent extraction
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
1.216
0.876
0.126
0.233
0.806
0.126
0.176
0.347
0.517
0.183
0.882
0.643
83.980
0.189
0.542
0.391
0.050
0.095
0.384
0.050
0.082
0.233
0.233
0.076
0.384
0.265
36.920
___
*Regulated Pollutant
2642
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCAT-EGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(9) Gold Spent Electrolyte PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold produced by electrolysis
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.017
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.012
0.009
1.160
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.510
™" ****"
*Regulated Pollutant
2643
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(h) Gold Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of gold precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
^Combined metals
8.492
6.116
0.880
1.628
5.632
0.880
1.232
2.420
3.608
1.276
6.160
4.488
586.500
1.320
3.784
2.728
0.352
0.660
2.684
0.352
0.572
1.628
1.628
0.528
2.684
1.848
257.800
•M M*^
*Regulated Pollutant
2644
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued^
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(i) Platinum Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of platinum precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
— — —
*Regulated Pollutant
2645
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(j) Palladium Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce ot" palladium precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia
*Combined metals
11.580
8.340
1.200
2.200
7.680
1.200
1.680
3.300
4.920
1.740
8.400
6.120
799.800
1.800
5.160
3.720
0.480
0.900
3.660
0.480
0.780
2.220
2.220
0.720
3.660
2.520
351.600
___
*Regulated Pollutant
2646
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(k) Other Platinum Group Metals Precipitation and Filtration PSNS
Pollutant orMaximumforMaximumfor
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce o£ o.ther platinum group metals precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
10.040
7.228
1.040
1.924
6.656
1.040
1.456
2.860
4.264
1.508
7.280
5.304
693.200
1.560
4.472
3.224
0.416
0.780
3.172
0.416
0.676
1.924
1.924
0.624
3.172
2.184
304.700
~~^™~™
*Regulated Pollutant
2647
-------
'SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
t1) Spent Solution from PGC Salt Production PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum CorMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce oE gold contained in PGC product
Antimony 1.737 0.774
Arsenic 1.251 0.558
Cadmium 0.180 0,072
Chromium 0.333 0.135
*Copper 1.152 0.549
*Cyanide 0.180 0.072
Lead 0.252 0.117
Nickel 0.495 0.333
Selenium 0.738 0.333
Silver 0.261 0.108
Thallium 1.260 0.549
*Zinc 0.918 0.378
*Ammonia 120.000 52.740
*Combined metals 0.270
*Regulated Pollutant
2648
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(m) Equipment and Floor Wash PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/troy ounce of precious metals produced in refinery
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
*Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Combined metals
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
*™""™*"^~
*Regulated Pollutant
2649
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XII
TABLE XII-5 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
(n) Preliminary Treatment PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of total precious metals produced
through this operation
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Combined metals
Ammonia (as N)
96.500
69.500
10.000
18.500
64.000
10.000
14.000
27.500
41.000
14.500
70.000
51,000
15.000
6665.000
43.000
31.000
4.000
7.500
30.500
4.000
6.500
18.500
18.500
6.000
30.500
21.000
—
2930.000
2650
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) for the secondary precious metals subcategory at
this time.
2651
-------
SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2652
-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
for the
Secondary Silver Subcategory
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Rebecca Hanmer
Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
2653
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
2654
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Section Page
I SUMMARY 2663
II CONCLUSIONS 2667
III SUBCATEGORY PROFILE 2687
Raw Materials 2687
Photographic Materials 2687
Nonphotographic Materials 2690
Process Wastewater Sources 2692
Other Wastewater Sources 2692
Age, Production, and Process Profile 2693
IV SUBCATEGORIZATION 2701
Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary 2701
Silver Subcategory
Plant Age 2702
Plant Size 2702
Production Normalizing Parameters 2702
V WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 2705
Wastewater Flow Rates 2707
Wastewater Characteristics Data 2707
Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by 2709
Subdivision
Film Stripping 2709
Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and 2709
Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping 2710
Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration cf Photographic 2710
Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic 2710
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control
Electrolytic Refining 2711
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2711
Leaching 2711
Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and 2712
Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic 2712
Solutions
Floor and Equipment Washdown 2712
2655
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
VI SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS 2749
Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant 2749
Parameters Selected
Toxic Priority Pollutants 2750
Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 2750
Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their 2751
Analytical Quantification Limit
Toxic Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 2751
Achievable by Treatment
Toxic Pollutants Detected in a Small Number of 2751
Sources
Priority Pollutants Selected for Further 2754
Consideration in Limitations and Standards
VII CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 2765
Current Control and Treatment Practices 2765
Film Stripping 2765
Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and 2765
Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping 2766
Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic 2766
Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic 2766
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control
Electrolytic Refining 2767
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2767
Leaching 2768
Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and 2768
Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic 2769
Solutions
Control and Treatment Options 2770
Option A 2770
Option B 2770
Option C 2770
Option E 2770
2656
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Section
TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
VIII
IX
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS 2773
Option A 2773
Option B 2773
Option C 2773
Cost Methodology " 2773
Nonwater Quality Aspects 2775
Energy Requirements 2775
Solid Waste 2775
Air Pollution 2776
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY 2779
AVAILABLE
Technical Approach to BPT 2779
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2781
BPT Option Selection - Proposal 2782
BPT Option Selection - Promulgation 2783
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2783
Collection of New Data 2784
Film Stripping 2784
Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and 2785
Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping 2785
Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic 2786
Solutions
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic 2786
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control
Electrolytic Refining 2787
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2787
Leaching 2788
Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and 2788
Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic 2789
Solutions
Floor and Equipment Washdown 2789
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2790
Effluent Limitations 2790
2657
-------
Section
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
X BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY 2801
ACHIEVABLE
Technical Approach to BAT 2801
Option^A 2802
Option's 2803
Option C 2803
Pollutant Removal Estimates 2804
Compliance Costs 2804
BAT Option Selection - Proposal 2805
BAT Option Selection - Promulgation 2805
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2806
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2806
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2806
Effluent Limitations 2808
XI NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2823
Technical Approach to BDT 2823
BDT Option Selection 2824
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2825
New Source Performance Standards 2825
XII PRETREATMENT STANDARDS 2835
Technical Approach to Pretreatment 2835
Pretreatment Standards for Existing and 2836
New Sources
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2836
PSES Option Selection - Proposal 2837
PSES Option Selection - Promulgation 2837
PSNS Options Selection 2837
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2838
Pretreatment Standards 2838
XIII BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 2855
2658
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title ' Page
III-l Initial Operating Year (Range) Summary of 2694
Plants in the Secondary Silver Subcategory
By Discharge Type
III-2 Production Ranges for the Secondary Silver 2695
Subcategory
III-3 Summary of Secondary Silver Subcategory and 2696
Associated Waste Streams
V-l Water Use and Discharge Rate for Film 2714
Stripping
V-2 Secondary Silver Sampling Data Photographic - 2715
Miscellaneous Raw Wastewater
V-3 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation 2722
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
V-4 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation 2723
and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
V-5 Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Photographic 2724
Solutions Raw Wastewater
V-6 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation 2726
and Filtration of Photographic Solutions Wet Air
Pollution Control
V-7 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Electrolytic 2727
Refining
V-5 Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic 2728
- Miscellaneous Raw Wastewater
V~9 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Furnace Wet 2732
Air Pollution Control
V-10 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Leaching 2733
V—11 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Leaching and 2734
Precipitation of Nonphotographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control
V-12 Water Use and Discharge Rate for Precipitation 2735
and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
2659
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Table
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Title
Page
V-13 Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic 2734
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant A
V-14 Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic 2735
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant B
V-15 Secondary Silver Sampling Data - Nonphotographic 2736
Treatment Plant Samples - Plant C
VI-1 Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants 2768
Secondary Silver Raw Wastewater
VI-2 Priority Pollutants Never Detected 2772
VIII-1 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Silver 2778
Subcategory Direct Dischargers
VIII-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Silver 2778
Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
IX-1 BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 2793
Secondary Silver Subcategory
IX-2 BPT Effluent Limitations for the Secondary 2795
Silver Subcategory
X-l Current Recycle Practices Within the Secondary 2812
Silver Silver Subcategory
X-2 Pollutant Removal Estimates for Secondary 2813
Silver Direct Dischargers
X-3 BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Secondary 2814
Silver Subcategory
X-4 BAT Limitations for the Secondary Silver 2815
Subcategory
XI-1 NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 2828
Secondary Silver Subcategory
XI-2 NSPS for the Secondary Silver Subcategory 2830
2660
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGQRY
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Page
XII-1 Pollutant Removal Estimates for Secondary 2841
Silver Indirect Dischargers
XII-2 PSNS and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for 2842
the Secondary Silver Subcategory
XII-3 PSES for the Secondary Silver Subcategory 2844
XII-4 PSNS for the Secondary Silver Subcategory 2850
2661
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
III-l Silver Refining from Photographic Materials 2697
III-2 Silver Refining from Waste Plating Solutions 2698
III-3 Secondary Silver Production Process from 2699
Nonphotographic Scrap.
III-4 Geographic Locations of the Secondary Silver 2700
Plants
V-l Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - A 2744
V-2 Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - B 2745
V-3 Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - C 2746
V-4 Sampling Sites at Secondary Silver Plant - D 2747
IX-1 BPT Treatment Scheme for the Secondary Silver 2801
Subcategory
X-l BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A 2822
Secondary Silver Subcategory
X-2 BAT Treatment Scheme for Option B 2823
Secondary Silver Subcategory
X-2 BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C 2824
Secondary Silver Subcategory
2662
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
SECTION I
SUMMARY
This document provides the technical basis for promulgating
effluent limitations based on best practicable technology (BPT)
and best available technology economically achievable (BAT) for
existing direct dischargers, pretreatment standards for existing
indirect dischargers (PSES), pretreatment standards for new
indirect dischargers (PSNS), and standards of performance for new
source direct dischargers (NSPS) for plants in the Secondary
Silver Subcategory.
The secondary silver subcategory is comprised of 61 plants. Of
the 61 plants, seven discharge directly to rivers, lakes, or
streams; 26 discharge to publicly owned treatment works (POTW);
and 28 achieve zero discharge of process wastewater.
EPA first studied the secondary silver subcategory to determine
whether differences in raw materials, final products,
manufacturing processes, equipment, age and size of plants, or
water usage, required the development of separate effluent
limitations and standards for different segments of the
subcategory. This involved a detailed analysis of wastewater
discharge and treated effluent characteristics, including the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the toxic and
other pollutant constituents of wastewater.
As a result 11 subdivisions or building blocks have been
identified in this subcategory that warrant separate effluent
limitations. These include:
1. Film stripping
2. Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipitation
and filtration of film stripping solutions wet air
pollution control,
3. Precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions,
4. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
5. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control,
6. Electrolytic refining,
7. Furnace wet air pollution control,
8. Leaching,
9. Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
10. Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic solutions,
and
11. Floor and equipment washdown.
Several distinct control and treatment technologies (both in-
plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to the secondary silver
subcategory were identified. The Agency analyzed both historical
2663
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
and newly generated data on the performance of these
technologies, including their nonwater quality environmental
impacts (such as air quality impacts and solid waste generation),
and energy requirements. EPA also studied various flow reduction
techniques reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp) and
plant visits.
Engineering costs were prepared for each of the control and
treatment options considered for the category. These costs were
then 'used by the Agency to estimate the impact of implementing
the various options on the subcategory. For each control and
treatment option that the Agency found to be most effective and
technically feasible in controlling the discharge of pollutants,
the number of potential closures, number of employees affected,
and impact on price were estimated. These results are reported
in a separate document entitled "The Economic Impact Analysis of
Effluent Limitations and Standards for the Nonferrous Metals
Manufacturing Industry."
Based on consideration of the above factors, EPA identified
various control and treatment technologies which formed the basis
for BPT and selected control and treatment appropriate for each
set of standards and limitations. The mass limitations and
standards for BPT, BAT, NSPS, PSES, and PSNS are presented in
Section II.
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
has identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology. Metals removal based on lime precipitation and
sedimentation technology is the basis for the BPT limitations.
Steam stripping was selected as the technology basis for ammonia
limitations. Complete recycle of treated flow and equipment
washdown water is also included. To meet the BPT effluent
limitations, the secondary silver subcategory will incur an
estimated capital cost of $0.110 million (1982 dollars) and an
annual cost of $0.309 million (1982 dollars).
For BAT, the Agency has built upon the BPT basis of lime
precipitation and sedimentation by adding in-process control
technology and multimedia filtration. In-process control
technology includes recycle or reuse of process water from wet
air pollution control. Filtration is added as a polishing step
to further reduce metals and suspended solids concentrations. To
meet BAT effluent limitations based on this technology, the
secondary silver subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost
of $0.278 million (1982 dollars) and an annual cost of $0.390
million (1982 dollars).
The best demonstrated technology, BDT, which is the technical
basis of NSPS, is equivalent to BAT. In selecting BDT, EPA
recognizes that new plants have the opportunity to implement the
best and most efficient manufacturing processes and treatment
technology. However, the technology basis of BAT has been
determined as the best demonstrated technology because no
additional process modifications or treatment technologies have
2664
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
been identified that substantially improve BAT performance.
Pretreatment standards for existing sources are based on the same
technology as BAT. The technology basis is in-process flow
reduction, ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment, lime
precipitation, sedimentation, complete recycle of'treated .floor
and equipment washdown water, and multimedia filtration. To meet
PSES, the secondary silver subcategory is estimated to incur a
capital cost of $0.634 million (1982 dollars) and an annual cost
of $0.422 million (1982 dollars).
For pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS), the Agency
selected preliminary treatment, end-of-pipe treatment, and in-
process flow reduction control techniques equivalent to BDT. As
such, the PSNS are identical to the NSPS for all wastewater
streams.
2665
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2666
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS
EPA has divided the secondary silver subcategory into 11
subdivisions or building blocks for the purpose of effluent
limitations and standards. These subdivisions are:
(a) Film stripping,
(b) Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipitation
and filtration of film stripping solutions wet air
pollution control,
(c) Precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions,
(d) Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
(e) Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control,
(f) Electrolytic refining,
(g) Furnace wet air pollution control,
(h) Leaching,
(i) Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
(j) Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
solutions, and
(k) Floor and equipment washdown.
Promulgated BPT is based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation
(lime and settle) technology, along with preliminary treatment
consisting of ammonia steam stripping for selected waste streams.
Complete recycle of treated floor and equipment washdown is also
included. The following BPT effluent limitations are
promulgated for existing sources:
(a) Film Stripping BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
95.670 50.350
73.510 30.720
6,712.000 2,951.000
2,065.000 981.800
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
2667
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Ai_r Pollution
Control BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of film stripping solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
1.843 0.970
1.416 0.592
129.300 56.840
39.770 18.920
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
109.400 57.570
84.050 35.120
7,674.000 3,374.000
2,361.000 1,123.000
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
Solutions BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
50.540
38.836
3,545.000
1,090.600
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
26.600
16.226
1,559.000
518.700
2668
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
23.070
17.730
1,618.000
497.800
12.140
7.406
711.400
236.800
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(f) Electrolytic Refining BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
1.444 0.760
1.110 0.464
101.300 44.540
31.160 14.820
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(g) Furnace Wet Aijc Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver roasted/ smelted or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
1.273 0.670
0.978 0.409
89.310 39.260
27.470 13.070
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
2669
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(h) Leaching BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
0.164
0.126
11.470
0.086
0.053
5.040
1.677
3.526
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
or silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
8.417
6.468
590.500
181.700
4.430
2.703
259.600
86.390
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
Solutions BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
PH
5.833
4.482
409.300
125.900
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
3.070
1.873
179.900
59.870
2670
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
EPA is promulgating BAT based on the performance achievable
by the application of in-process flow reduction, chemical
precipitation, sedimentation/ complete recycle
floor and facility washdown water, and multimedia
along with ammonia steam stripping for selected
streams. The following BAT effluent limitations are
for existing sources:
of treated
filtration,
wastewater
promulgated
(a) Film Stripping BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia(as N)
64.450
51.360
6,712.000
30.720
21.150
2,951.000
2671
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
or Maximum for '. Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of film stripping solutions-
Copper ! 1.242 0.592
Zinc 0.990 0.408
Ammonia (as N) 129.300 56.840
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions BAT
or ; Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 73.690 35.120
Zinc 58.720 24.180
Ammonia (as N) 7,674.000 3,374.000
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions BAT
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 34.048 16.226
Zinc 27.132 11.172
Ammonia (as N) 3,545.000 1,559.000
2672
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Copper 15.540 7.406
Zinc 12.380 5.099
Ammonia (as N) 1,618.000 711.400
(f) Elect rolyt ic Refining BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper 0.973 0.464
Zinc 0.775 0.319
Ammonia (as N) 101.300 44.540
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper 0.000 0.000
Zinc 0.000 0.000
Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
2673
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(h) Leaching BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper 0.110 0.053
Zinc 0.088 0.036
Ammonia (as N) 11.470 5.040
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
precipitated
Copper 5.671 2.703
Zinc 4.519 1.861
Ammonia (as N) 590.500 259.600
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
Solutions BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 3.930 1.873
Zinc 3.132 1.290
Ammonia (as N) 409.300 179.900
2674
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
Floor and Equipment Washdown BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
mg/troy ounce of silver production
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
NSPS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle, and filter) technology and
in-process flow reduction control methods, along with complete
recycle of treated floor and equipment washdown water and
preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia steam stripping for
selected waste streams. The following effluent standards are
promulgated for new sources:
(a) Film Stripping NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia(as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
64.450 30.720
51.360 21.150
6,712.000 2,951.000
755.300 604.200
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
2675
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
Precipitation and Filtration of~Film StFipping
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of film stripping solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within the
1.242
0.990
129.300
14.550
range of 7.0 to
0.592
0.408
56.840
11.640
10.0 at all times
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
73.690
58.720
7,674.000
863.600
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
35.120
24.180
3,374.000
690.900
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
34.048 16.226
27.132 11.172
3,545.000 1,559.000
399.000 319.200
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
2676
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
15.540 7.406
12.380 5.099
1,618.000 711.400
182.100 145.700
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(f) Electrolytic Refining NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
0.973
0.775
101.300
11.400
0.464
0.319
44.540
9.120
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
2677
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(h) Leaching NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
0.110 0.053
0.088 0.036
11.470 5.040
1.290 1.032
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
5.671 2.703
4.519 1.861
590.500 259.600
66.450 53.160
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
3.930
3.132
409.300
46.050
1.873
1.290
179.900
36.840
Within the range of 7.0 to 10,0
at all times
2678
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
Total Suspended Solids
pH
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.0 to 10.0
at all times
EPA is promulgating PSES based on the performance achievable by
the application of in-process flow reduction, chemical
precipitationf sedimentation, complete recycle of treated floor
and facility washdown water, and multimedia filtration, along
with ammonia steam stripping for selected waste streams. The
following pretreatment standards are promulgated for existing
sources:
(a) Film Stripping PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Coppe r
Zinc
Ammonia (as
N)
64.450 30.720
51.360 21.150
6,712.000 2,951.000
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
Prec ip11ation and Filtration of~Film Stripping
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of film stripping solutions
Copper
zinc
Ammonia (as N)
1.242
0.990
129.300
0.592
0.408
56.840
2679
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper . 73.690 35.120
Zinc 58.720 24.180
Ammonia (as N) 7,674.000 3,374.000
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions PSES
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 34.048 16.226
Zinc 27.132 11.172
Ammonia (as N) 3,545.000 1,559.000
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Copper 15.540 7.406
Zinc 12.380 5.099
Ammonia (as N) 1,618.000 711.400
2680
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT - II
(f) Electrolytic Refining PSES
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper 0.973 0.464
Zinc 0.775 0.319
Ammonia (as NJ 101.300 44.540
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper 0 0
Zinc 0 0
Ammonia (as N) 0 0
(h) Leaching PSES
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper 0.110 0.053
Zinc 0.088 0.036
Ammonia (as N) 11.470 5.040
2681
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY
SECT - II
(I) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
5.671
4.519
590.500
2.703
1.861
259.600
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonpho tog raph i c
Solutions PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 3.930 1.873
Zinc 3.132 1.290
Ammonia (as N) 409.300 179.900
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
mg/troy ounce of silver production
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2682
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT -II
PSNS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle, and filter) technology and
in-process flow reduction control methods, along with complete
recycle of treated floor and equipment washdown water and
preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia steam stripping for
selected waste streams. The following pretreatment standards are
promulgated for new sources:
(a) Film Stripping PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
64.450
51.360
6,712.000
30.720
21.150
2,951.000
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and
Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration
of film stripping solutions
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
1.242
0.990
129.300
0.592
0.408
56.840
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping
Solutions PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper
Zinc
Ammonia (as N)
73.690
58.720
7,674.000
35.120
24.180
3,374.000
2683
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Pho tog raphic Solutions PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day MonthJ-y Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 34.048 16.226
Zinc 27.132 11.172
Ammonia (as N) 3,545.000 1,559.000
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Copper 15.540 7.406
Zinc 12.380 5.099
Ammonia (as N) 1,618.000 711.400
(f) Electrolytic Refining PSNS
Pollutant or~MaximumforMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Copper 0.973 0.464
Zinc . 0.775 0.319
Ammonia (as N) 101.300 44.540
2684
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGOHY SECT - II
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Copper 0.000 0.000
Zinc 0.000 0.000
Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
(h) Leaching PSNS
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Copper 0.110 0.053
Zinc 0.088 0.036
Ammonia {as N) 11.470 5.040
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching or silver
precipitated
Copper 5.671 2.703
Zinc 4.519 1.861
Ammonia (as N) 590.500 259.600
2685
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
( j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
Solutions PSNS
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Copper 3.930 1.873
Zinc 3.132 1.290
Ammonia (as N) 409.300 179.900
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown PSNS
or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Copper 0.000 0.000
Zinc 0.000 0.000
Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
2686
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
SECTION III
SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This section of the secondary silver supplement describes the raw
materials and processes used in refining secondary silver and
presents a profile of the secondary silver plants identified in
this study.
The production of secondary silver can be divided into two
processing types based on the source of raw materials:
photographic and nonphotographic. Photographic processes for
recovering silver include film stripping and precipitation, film
incineration, chemical precipitation from solution, metallic
replacement in solution, and direct electrolytic refining.
Nonphotographic manufacturing involves precipitation of silver
from waste plating solutions, melting and casting of sterling
silver scrap, and processing electrical component scrap.
RAW MATERIALS
The principal raw materials used by plants recovering silver from
photographic materials are discarded photographic film (both
color and black and white), scrap photographic papers, and
silver-rich sludges and solutions from photographic processing.
Waste plating solutions, sterling ware scrap, and electrical
component scrap are the principal raw materials used in the
nonphotographic category.
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS
Photographic raw materials silver recovery can be divided into
two primary sources, discarded film and photographic papers, and
film processing solutions. There are many different processes
for recovering silver from photographic materials. The most
common methods are discussed below.
The silver in the emulsion on discarded film can be recovered by
stripping and precipitation, or incineration. Figure III-1 {page
2697) represents a general flow diagram of photographic film
scrap processes. The primary steps are:
1. Granulation,
2. Stripping,
3. Sedimentation and filtration,
4. Precipitation,
5. Roasting,
6. Casting,
7. Purification, and
8. Melting and casting.
Photographic film can be stripped directly or first shredded and
granulated. Dust generated by granulation is collected with a
2687
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
baghouse and recycled t'o the precipitation step further along in
the process. The film can be stripped of the silver-bearing
emulsion in a number of ways. In one method, the film is
stripped using nitric acid, resulting in a silver nitrate
solution. The reaction of emulsion with nitric acid produces
nitrogen-containing air emissions (NOX), which are removed with a
scrubber, resulting in a wastewater stream. Another method uses
wet oxidation with a catalyst at high temperature and pressure to
produce a silver liquor. A third stripping process converts
silver in the film to silver chloride using ferric chloride
solution containing hydrochloric acid.
A silver-rich solution is usually separated from the granulated
film base (residue) by sedimentation, decantation, and
filtration. The residue is discarded as solid waste, usually in
a landfill. Some plants salvage the film base with washing,
dewatering, and drying steps. The film base can be reused as a
raw material for new photographic film. Wastewater can be
generated during the washing of the film base.
Silver in solution can be precipitated by various precipitating
agents. Caustic soda, soda ash (N32CO3), and proteolytic enzymes
are commonly used. Alum is used as a flocculating agent in some
processes. The addition of chloride ion will precipitate silver
chloride which can be reduced to silver by direct hydrogen
reduction with gaseous hydrogen under high temperature and
pressure. Thiosulfate solution also converts silver chloride to
a soluble silver complex, silver thiosulfate, from which the
silver may be electrodeposited. Recovered baghouse dust from the
granulation step may also be added during the precipitation step.
The silver-free supernatant is decanted and is a source of
wastewater. Silver sludge is dewatered by gravity or filter
thickening, vacuum filtration, centrifuging, or drying. The
water removed is sent to waste treatment. Alkaline or acidic
fumes emitted from the precipitation step are scrubbed, resulting
in a wastewater stream. Silver sludge filtration and washing
produces another silver-free wastewater stream.
The dried cake is roasted in a reverberatory furnace. The impure
silver is then cast into ingots or dore plates. The furnace slag
is crushed and classified, and the silver concentrate recycled as
furnace feed, while the tailings are landfilled. Most processes
have baghouses for control of particulates in furnace off-gases.
Some use scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators. Contact
cooling water is used at some plants during casting. Other
plants air cool the ingots on dore plates.
Dore plates are electrolytically refined on-site or shipped to
other facilities. The electrolytic purification is carried out
in either Balbach-Thum cells (horizontal electrodes) or Moebius
cells (vertical electrodes). A current is passed between an
anode and a cathode which are suspended in solution. Silver
collects on the cathode. A typical electrolyte solution consists
of silver nitrate and a small amount of nitric acid. The
2688
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT - III
electrolyte is kept slightly to mildly acidic, a pH range of
approximately 2 to 6. The refined silver is periodically scraped
from the cathode and washed to remove residual electrolyte. In
addition to refined silver, electrolysis produces a waste stream
of spent electrolyte and wash water, and a slime containing
precious metals such as gold and platinum. The slime may be
further refined for precious metals recovery.
The refined silver is dried, melted in a melting furnace, and
cast as ingots. Pollution control of furnace off-gases is
handled with a baghouse, scrubber, or electrostatic precipitator.
Contact cooling water is used in the casting steps, as well as
casting scrubbers which produce wastewater streams.
Photographic film and photographic papers may be incinerated,
rather than processed by granulation, stripping, and
precipitation. The temperature and rate of burning must be
carefully controlled if high efficiency is to be maintained. Air
emissions include organic vapors from the volatilization oshd
decomposition of organic scrap contaminants, as well as
combustion gases and dust. The emissions are sometimes
controlled by afterburners; at some plants, afterburners are used
in series with a baghouse or scrubber. Wet scrubbing techniques
produce a wastewater discharge. Silver-bearing ash is then fed
directly to roasting and the impure silver is cast and
electrolytically refined as described above. Some refineries buy
silver-bearing ash from scrap dealers.
There are three basic methods for recovering silver from
photographic processing solutionss chemical precipitation,
metallic replacement/ and direct electrolytic refining. Silver
recovery from baths has also been successful by adsorption from
solution by ion exchange. Reverse osmosis has been used on
dilute solutions.
Silver-rich solutions from photographic film developing and
manufacturing undergo precipitation and purification as described
above. One alternate method uses sulfide compounds, particularly
sodium sulfide as the precipitating agent. Gaseous emissions,
such as hydrogen sulfide, are controlled with a wet scrubber,
resulting in a wastewater stream. The subsequent process for
silver recovery is identical to other precipitation methods.
Silver ions can be effectively reduced from solution to a solid
state by a replacement reaction. Any metal more active than
silver will go into solution as an ion, while the silver ion
becomes solid metal. Zinc, aluminum, copper, and iron are
commonly used to recover silver by replacement from photographic
fixing solutions. The silver sludge produced can be filtered,
roasted, and cast as described previously.
Although used as a purification step in other recovery processes,
electrolytic refining is also a direct means of silver recovery.
In the electrolytic method, a current is passed between an anode
and a cathode which are suspended in a solution which contains
2689
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
greater than 1.0 mg/1 of silver. Solutions containing silver
below this concentration are difficult to refine
eleetrolytically. Silver, about 99 percent pure, collects on the
cathode. The cathode is periodically stripped to recover the
silver. If the current density is too high for the amount of
silver in the solution, thiosulfate in solution will decompose,
forming silver sulfide. This reduces current efficiency and will
render the regenerated solution unsuitable for reuse. Spent
electrolyte solution is discarded or further refined for other
precious metals. If the thiosulfate in solution is allowed to
decompose, gaseous sulfur emissions (SOX), must be controlled
with a scrubber. Wastewater may also be generated from washing
the silver scraped off the cathode.
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS
Based on the source of raw materials, the nonphotographic
materials category can be divided into three basic processes for
the recovery of silvers precipitation of waste plating
solutions, melting of silverware, dental scrap, coins, and
sterling-silver industry scrap (e.g., turnings, sweeps), and
refining of electrical components scrap.
Silver-plated tableware is produced by electroplating silver from
cyanide solutions onto preformed shapes made of tin, iron, zinc,
or copper. Silver wastes generated are spills of silver-rich
electrolyte, dilute wash solutions, and spent electrolyte.
Cyanide plating solutions are treated to precipitate the silver
and oxidize the cyanide. As shown in Figure III-2 (page 2698),
the process consists of precipitation, filtration and washing,
drying or roasting, casting, refining, and recasting. Some
processors cast the silver before refining and sell the ingots to
other refiners.
Precipitation is usually accomplished by addition of sodium
hypochlorite, resulting in silver chloride. After settling, the
silver chloride is washed, filtered, and dried to be sold as
product or further processed with methods similar to those used
for photographic silver precipitates. The cyanide left in
solution may be oxidized with sodium hypochlorite and lime and
discarded as wastewater. Wastewater streams also result from
waste washing water and the filtrate and dewatering wastes. Wet
scrubbers are used to control fumes from the precipitation and
filtration steps. Roasting and melting furnaces also require air
pollution control to remove particulates. Baghouses are usually
used.
An alternate silver recovery method is precipitation of silver as
the metal, using zinc metal with sodium chloride solution. The
subsequent steps are identical to other precipitation processes.
The solid waste products from the sterling silver industry
include defective tableware, trimmings, turnings, punchings,
fumes, spillage, drosses from melting and casting, and dusts. The
different wastes vary in impurity and the relatively pure
2690
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
materials are melted, assayed, and reused. Lower quality wastes
are combined, melted and cast, and the bullions are
electrolytically refined as described above.
Silver scrap from electrical components includes electrical
contacts, wire, silver-bearing batteries, condensers and solders.
Figure III-3 (page 2699) shows typical production processes
followed if electrical scrap is not suitable for electrolytic
refining. Silver is recovered from electrical component scrap
using one of three methods.
In the first method, the base metals are leached from the silver
residue after smelting. After careful sorting and sampling, the
scrap is smelted in a reverberatory furnace to produce lead
bullion, copper matte, and slag. The slag is smelted in a blast
furnace to separate the lead and copper portions, which are
recycled. Blast furnace slag is discarded. Dust and fumes from
both the reverberatory and blast furnaces are collected and
recycled. The lead bullion from the reverberatory smelting
furnace and lead from the , blast furnace is fed to a
reverberatory-type cupola furnace. The cupellation produces
litharge and precious metal layers. The litharge is sent to a
lead refinery or reduced for recycle to the reverberatory
smelting unit. The cupola furnace requires a baghouse or
scrubber to remove emission gas pollutants. The precious metal
layer is cast into anodes (dore plates) for electrolytic
refining. The silver collects on the cathodes, which are melted
and cast as refined ingots. The slime residue, containing gold
and platinum, is further refined. The spent electrolyte solution
may be discarded as waste. Wastewater streams are also generated
if contact cooling water is used in casting, and if melting
furnace and casting scrubbers, which remove particulates emitted
from these operations, are used. The copper matte from the
initial smelting is crushed, ground, roasted, and leached. A wet
scrubber may be used to control particulate air emissions from
the roasting furnace, producing a wastewater stream. Leaching
may be effected with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. The leaching
agent dissolves the base metals, leaving silver as a residue
which can be filtered and washed for further processing. This
leaching operation usually produces two wastewater streams: a
silver-free leachate, which may be discharged or recycled, and a
scrubber discharge stream.
In the second leaching process, silver is dissolved or stripped
directly from the electrical component parts and later
precipitated from solution. Nitric acid is the most common
stripping agent. This leaching also results in two wastewater
streams: a lead-iron residue and a scrubber discharge stream,
resulting from the control of acid fumes.
In the third method, the base metals are dissolved directly using
hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. The silver residue is then
roasted, cast, and electrolytically refined, A scrubber stream,
from control of acid fumes, and the lead-iron residue stream are
sources of wastewater.
2691
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT - III
Silver in solution from leaching or direct stripping is
precipitated by metallic replacement (usually with copper or
zinc) and then filtered. Copper sulfate or zinc sulfate is
usually the principal constituent of the supernatant and filtrate
and is either purified for copper recovery or discarded. Water
from washing the silver precipitate is also discharged. Wet
scrubbers may provide control of acidic fumes emitted during the
precipitation step, producing an additional wastewater stream.
The recovered silver is melted in a furnace and cast as ingots.
Silver of insufficient purity is electrolytically refined.
Particulate emissions from the melting furnace are controlled
with a baghouse or scrubber. Venturi scrubbers are commonly used
and a wastewater stream is discharged.
Silver-rich sludges from waste plating solutions, stripping
solutions, and photographic solutions are leached and the silver
recovered, resulting in a silver-rich solution. The leaching
agent used is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid.
*?he silver-rich solution is processed through precipitation,
filtration, roasting, melting, and casting steps to produce
refined silver ingots.
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES
The principal uses of water in secondary silver plants are*
1. Film stripping,
2. Film stripping wet air pollution control and
precipitation of film stripping solutions wet air
pollution control,
3. Precipitation and filtration of film stripping
solutionsi
4. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
5. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control,
6. Electrolytic refining,
7. Furnace wet air pollution control,
8. Leaching,
9. Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
10. Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
solutions, and
11. Floor and equipment washdown.
OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES
There may be other wastewater streams associated with the
production of secondary silver. These wastewater streams may
include maintenance and cleanup water, and direct electrolytic
refining wet air pollution control wastewater. These wastewater
streams are not considered as part of this rulemaklng, EPA
believes that the flows and pollutant loadings associated with
these streams are insignificant relative to the waste streams
2692
-------
'SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
selected and are best handled by the appropriate permit authority
on a ease-by-case basis under the authority of Section 402 of the
Clean Water Act.
Casting contact cooling water is not considered as part of this
rulemaking because, although several plants do discharge this
stream, sampling data from an integrated secondary silver
secondary precious metals plant indicate that the pollutant
loadings are insignificant compared with the other waste streams
selected.
AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE
Of the 61 plants recovering silver from photographic and
nonphotographic materials, Figure III-4 (page 2700} shows that
the plants are concentrated in the Northeast and California, with
plants also located in Idaho, Utah, Louisiana, Florida, and
Texas.
Table III-l (page 2694} summarizes the general type and shows the
relative ages of the secondary silver plants. Seven plants
discharge directly, 26 are indirect dischargers, and 28 are zero
dischargers. Of the discharging plants, five process only
photographic materials, 26 process only nonphotographic
materials, and two plants process both types of materials. The
average plant age is between 10 and 25 years.
Table III-2 (page 2695) shows the production ranges for the 61
secondary silver plants. Over half of the plants that reported
production data produce less than 50,000 troy ounces of silver
per year. Eight of these plants produce over 1,000,000 troy
ounces of silver per year.
Table III-3 (page 2696) provides a summary of the plants having
the various secondary silver processes. The number of plants
generating wastewater from the processes is also shown.
2693
-------
Table III-1
INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OF PLANTS
IN THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
1968- 1958- 1948- 1938- 1928- 1918- Before
1904
80+
Type of 1983- 1973-
Plant 1974 1969 1959 1949 1939 1929 1919 1904
Discharge 0-10 10-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-80
Not
Reported
In dcp Total
Direct
Indirect
Zero
Total
0
8
16
1
6
10
0
4
_7
11
2
1
1
4
0
1
I
2
1
0
0_
1
1
1
0
2
en
0
3
0
3
0
1
0
1
2
1
_8
11
7
26
28
61
en
M
O
I
w
H
S
M
tfl
G
W
n
s
w
o
o
O
Hi
-------
to
en
iff
U1
Type of Plant
Direct Discharger
Indirect Discharger
Zero Discharger
Total
Table III-2
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Silver Production Ranges (troy ounces/year)
0 -
50.000
3
21
_5
29
50,001-
100.000
0
0
1
1
100,001-
500.000
2
3
_!
12
500,001-
1.000.000
0
1
1
2
1,000,000+
1
1
6
8
Not
Reported
in dcp
1
0
8
9
en
w
O
O
m
H
5*1
a
(0
O
>
l-l
w
O
O
a-
OJ
M
n
H
H
H
-------
Table III-3
SUMMARY OF SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY PROCESSES
AND ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
Number of
w
Process
Flla Stripping
o Film Base Processing
o Precipitation and Filtration
o Air Pollution Control
Photographic Solution Processing
o Precipitation and Filtration
^ o Air Pollution Control
vo
o%
Electrolytic Refining
Furnace Air Pollution Control
Casting
Leaching
o Air Pollution Control
Nonphotographic Solution Processing
o Precipitation and Filtration
Number of
Plants With
Process
5
3
5
1
7
7
3
15
" ,
27
34
13
13t
27
27
Plants
Generating
Wastewater*
_
1
4
1
_
7
3
13
12
16
11
13
-
27
ICONDAI
CA
H
1
O
i-3
M
O
O
K|
w
n
^
i
H
H
H
* Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may "generate" a wastewater from a
particular process but not discharge it.
t Includes two scrubbers over leaching and precipitation of nonphotographic solutions
processes
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
Film Base
to
Reclaim
Hashing of
Film Baa*
Wastewatar
CO
Treacmtnc
Tailings to
Waste
Wastevater ^.
CO
Treatment
Wascev«ter^>
CO
Treatment
Crusher
Ball mill
Classifier
Jig
Flotation
cells
I
1
Photographic Film Scrap
i ,
Dust
Granulation
I
Stripping
i
Sedimentation
& Filtration
Precipitation
Silver Sludge
Filer a don
Roasting
I
Casting
Electrolysis
Melting
& Casting
Silvei
Baghouse
•Nitric Acid
Recovered Dust
Wasce Photographic
Solutions
Silver-Bearing Photographic
Film Ash
Electrolysis Slimes Co Au & PC
Recovery
Spent Electrolyte Co Treatment
Silver Ingots
coarse sliver concentrate
(Co Roasting)
Fine silver
concentrate
to (to Precipitation)
Figure 1II-1
SILVER REFINING FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS
2697
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Silver Waste
Plating Solution
Precipitation
Sodium hypochlorite
& lime
•Chemical Addition
Settling
Silver Precipitate
Hastewater
to
Treatment
V
Spent
Electrolyte
to Treatment
Drying
i
Ch
as
t
__ Silver
Chloride sole
as product
Waste Scream
Slimes to Au & Pt
Recovery
Silver ingots
Figure III-2
SILVER REFINING FROM WASTE PLATING SOLUTIONS
2698
-------
Low Tenor Scrap
I
Fluxes
i i r
Pyrlte
Feed
Preparation
Clean Ag-Aii
Scrap
Dust -Free ^
i
hi
/
Reverberator?
Smelting
SJi
1
^ \
g
\
Blast Furnace
i
Lea
o\
ID
W3
Bullion
Refined Silver
Ingots
Slag to Waste
Copper
Hatte
Slime Residue to
Au & Pt Refining
Crushing and
Grinding
Roasting
SulfurIc Acid
Leaching
Solution
Precipitation
Silver on
Copper
Le;
R
d Iron
sldue
Halting
Kefined Sulfer
Ingots
Copper Sulfate
Crystals
W
M
O
O
O
K
H
M
M
G
to
O
w
Q
O
M
M
O
H
H
H
Figure III-3
SECONDARY SILVER PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SCRAP
-------
to
-J
o
o
HAWAII
D-Direct Process fiastewater Discharge Plants
I-Indlrect Wastewater Discharge Plants
Z-Zero Was,tewater Discharge Plants
Figure III-4
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF SECONDARY SILVER PLANTS
m
w
o
i
w
H
w
n
s
w
8
S
W
n
o
H
H
H
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
SECTION IV
SUBCATEGORIZATION
This section summarizes the factors considered during the
designation of the secondary silver subcategory and its related
subdivisions.
The factors listed for general subcategorization were' each
evaluated when considering subdivision of the secondary silver
subcategory. In the discussion that follows, the factors will be
described as they pertain to this particular subcategory.
The rationale for considering segmentation of the secondary
silver subcategory is based primarily on the production processes
used. within the subcategory, a number of different operations
are performed, which may or may not have a water use or
discharge, and which may require the establishment of separate
effluent limitations and standards. While the secondary silver
industry is considered a single subcategory, a more thorough
examination of the production processes, water use and discharge
practices, and pollutant generation rates has illustrated the
need for limitations and standards based on a specific set of
wastewater streams. Limitations and standards will be based on
specific flow allowances for the following subdivisions:
1. Film stripping,
2. Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipi-
tation of film stripping solutions wet air pollution
control,
3. Precipitation and filtration of film stripping
solutions,
4. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
5. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control,
6. Electrolytic refining,
7. Furnace wet air pollution control,
8. Leaching,
9. Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
10. Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
solutions, and
11. Floor and equipment washdown.
A number of other factors considered in this evaluation were
shown to be inappropriate bases for further segmentation. Air
pollution control methods, treatment costs, nonwater quality
aspects, and total energy requirements are functions of the
selected subcategorization factors — raw materials and
production processes. As such, they support the method of
subcategorization which has been developed. Factors determined
to be inappropriate for use as bases for subcategorization are
discussed briefly below.
2701
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
PLANT SIZE
It is difficult to categorize secondary silver plants on the
basis of size. The individual processes involved in silver
production often process different amounts of silver-bearing
material. Therefore, it is more appropriate to categorize silver
plants on the basis of process production, e.g., precipitation
production.
PLANT AGE
Plants within the secondary silver subcategory differ in age, in
terms of initial operating year. However, to remain competitive,
plants are constantly modernized'. Modifications to process
operations have been made, resulting in greater production
efficiency and reduced air pollution emissions. As a result,
neither the concentration of constituents in wastewater nor the
capability to meet the limitations is related to plant age.
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS
The effluent limitations and standards developed in this document
establish mass limitations for the discharge of specific
pollutant parameters. To allow these limitations to be applied
to plants with various production capacities, the mass of
pollutant discharged must be related to a unit of production.
This factor is known as the production normalizing parameter
(PNP). In general, the actual silver production from the
respective manufacturing process is used as the PNP. This is
based on the principle that the amount of water generated is
proportional to the amount of product made. Therefore, the PNPs
for the 11 secondary silver subdivisions are as follows:
Building Block
1. Film stripping
2. Film stripping wet air pollu-
tion control and precipita-
tion of film stripping solu-
tions wet air pollution
control
3. Precipitation and filtration
of film stripping solutions
4. Precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions
5. Precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control
- PNP
troy ounces of silver produced
from film stripping
troy ounces of silver produced
from precipitation and filtra-
tion of film stripping solutions
troy ounces of silver
precipitated
troy ounces of silver
precipitated
troy ounces of silver
precipitated
2702
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
6, Electrolytic refining
7. Furnace wet air pollution
control
8. Leaching
9. Leaching wet air pollutio
control and precipitation of
nonphotographie solutions
wet air pollution control
10. Precipitation and filtra-
tion of non-photographic
solutions
11. Floor and equipment
washdown
troy ounces of silver from
electrolytic refining
troy ounces of silver
smelted, roasted, or dried
troy ounces of silver
produced from leaching
-troy ounces of silver
produced from leaching
or silver precipitated
troy ounces of silver
precipitated
troy ounces of silver
produced
2703
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2704
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
This section describes the characteristics of wastewater
associated with the secondary silver subcategory. Data used to
quantify wastewater flow and pollutant concentrations are
presented, summarized, and discussed. The contribution of
specific production processes to the overall wastewater discharge
from secondary silver plants is identified whenever possible.
Two principal data sources were used in the development of
efflu?nt limitations and standards for this subcategory; data
collection portfolios (dcp) and field sampling results. Data
collection portfolios contain information regarding wastewater
flows and production levels. Data were also collected through
comments and a special request.
In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from secondary
silver plants, a field sampling program was conducted. A
complete list of the pollutants considered and a summary of the
techniques use i in sampling and laboratory analyses are included
in Section V of Vol. I. Wastewater samples were collected in two
phases: screening and verification. The first phase, screen
sampling, was to identify which toxic pollutants were present in
the wastewaters from production of the various metals. Screening
samples were analyzed for 125 of the 126 toxic pollutants and
other pollutants deemed appropriate. (Because the analytical
standard for TCDD was judged to be too hazardous to be made
generally available, samples were never analyzed for this
pollutant. There is no reason to expect that TCDD would be
present in secondary silver wastewater). A total of 10 plants
were selected for screen sampling in the nonferrous metals
manufacturing category, one of these being a secondary silver
plant. Of the 36 plants selected for verification sampling,
three were from the secondary silver subcategory. In general,
the samples were analyzed for three classes of pollutants: toxic
organic pollutants, toxic metal pollutants, and .criteria
pollutants (which includes both conventional and nonconventional
pollutants).
As described in Section IV of this supplement, the secondary
silver subcategory has been further segmented into 11
subdivisions or building blocks, so that the promulgated
regulation contains mass discharge limitations and standards for
11 manufacturing processes discharging process wastewater.
Differences in the wastewater characteristics associated with
these subdivisions are to be expected. For this reason,
wastewater streams corresponding to each subdivision are
addressed separately in the discussions that follow.
The wustewater data presented in this section were evaluated in
light of production process information compiled during this
2705
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
study. As a result, it was possible to identify the principal
wastewater sources in the secondary silver subcategory. They
are:
1. Film stripping,
2. Film stripping wet air pollution control and precipi-
tation of film stripping solutions wet air pollution
control,
3. Precipitation and filtration of film stripping
solutions,
4. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions,
5. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control,
6. Electrolytic refining,
7. Furnace wet air pollution control,
8. Leaching,
9. Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control,
10. Precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
solutions, and
11. Floor and equipment washdown.
In the proposed development document, separate subdivisions were
identified for precipitation and filtration of film stripping
solutions wet air'pollution control, casting contact cooling
water, casting wet air pollution control, and precipitation and
filtration of nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution
control. Based on new data gathered since proposal from
secondary precious metals plants1 dcp, sampling at two integrated
secondary silver and secondary precious metals plants, and
re-evaluation of existing data, these subdivisions were either
combined with other subdivisions or deleted. A subdivision for
floor and equipment washdown also was added. The reasons for
these changes are discussed in detail in Section IX - Wastewater
Discharge Rates.
Although flow and production data were collected in secondary
precious metals dcp in the nonferrous metals manufacturing
category, these data were not used to modify the proposed
regulatory flow allowances. The new data support the proposed
flow allowance and the Agency did not receive any comments
suggesting that the allowances should be revised. The new flow
data are 'included in the water use and discharge tables at the
end of this section.
Additionally, since the dcp were collected, the Agency has
learned that one secondary silver plant has closed and six plants
no longer process secondary silver. Flow and production data
(when available) for these plants are presented in this section
and in the remainder of the development document. These data are
an integral part of the BPT and BAT effluent limitations because
the processes remain representative in determining BPT and BAT
and flow rates. Therefore, it is necessary to present this
information so that the effluent limitations are documented.
2706
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
WASTEWATER PLOW RATES
Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two flow-to-
production ratios were calculated for each stream. The two
ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow, are
differentiated by the flow value used in calculation. Water use
is defined as the volume of water or other fluid (e.g., leachate,
spent electrolyte) required for a given process per mass of
silver product and is therefore based on the sum of recycle and
make-up flows to a given process. Wastewater flow discharged
after pretreatment or recycle (if these are present) is used in
calculating the production normalized flow—the volume of
wastewater discharged from a given process to further treatment,
disposal, or discharge per mass of silver produced. Differences
between the water use and wastewater flows associated with a
given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and carryover on
the product. The production values used in calculation correspond
to the production normalizing parameter, PNP, assigned to each
stream, as outlined in Section IV. The production normalized
flows were compiled and statistically analyzed by stream type.
Where appropriate, an attempt was made to identify factors that
could account for variations in water use. This information is
summarized in this section, A similar analysis of factors
affecting the wastewater values is presented in" Sections IX, X,
XI, and XII where representative BPT, BAT, BDT, and pretreatment
discharge flows are selected for use in calculating the effluent
limitations and standards. As an example, silver precipitation
and filtration scrubbing wastewater flow is related to
precipitate production. As such, the discharge rate is expressed
in liters of scrubber wastewater discharged per troy ounce of
silver produced by precipitation.
WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION DATA
In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from secondary silver plants, wastewater samples were
collected at four plants. Diagrams indicating the sampling sites
and contributing production processes are shown in Figures V-l
through V-4 (pages 2714 - 2723).
The raw wastewater sampling data for the secondary silver
subcategory are presented in Tables V-2, V-5, and V-8 (pages
2715, 2724, and 2728. Treated wastewater sampling data are shown
in Tables v-13 through V-16 (pages 2736 - 2740). The stream
codes presented in the tables may be used to identify the
location of each of the samples on the process flow diagrams in
Figures V-l through V-4. Where no data are listed for a specific
day of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream were not
collected. If the analysis did not detect a pollutant in a waste
stream, the pollutant was omitted from the table.
The data tables include some samples measured at concentrations
considered not quantifiable. The base-neutral extractable, acid
fraction extractable, and volatile organics are generally
considered not quantifiable at concentrations equal to or less
2707
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
than 0.010 mg/1. Below this concentration, organic analytical
results are not quantitatively accurate? however, the analyses
are useful to indicate the presence of a particular pollutant.
The pesticide fraction is considered not quantifiable at
concentrations equal to or less than 0.005 mg/1. Nonquantifiable
results are designated in the tables with an asterisk (double
asterisk for pesticides).
These detection limits shown on the data tables are not the same
in all cases as the published detection limits for these
pollutants by the same analytical methods. The detection limits
used were reported with the analytical data and hence are the
appropriate limits to apply to the data. Detection limit
variation can occur as a resul*-, of a number of laboratory-
specific, equipment-specific, and daily operator-specific
factors. These factors can include day-to-day differences in
machine calibration, variation in stock solutions, and
variation in operators.
The statistical analysis of data includes some samples measured
at concentrations considered not quantifiable. Data reported as
an asterisk are considered as detected but below quantifiable
concentrations, and a value of zero is used for averaging. Toxic
organic, nonconventional, and conventional pollutant data
reported with a "less than" sign are considered as detected, but
not further quantifiable. A value of zero is also used for
averaging. If a pollutant is reported as not detected, it is
excluded in calculating the average. Finally, toxic metal values
reported as less than a certain value were considered as not
detected and a value of zero is used in the calculation of the
average. For example, three samples reported as ND, *, and 0.021
mg/1 have an average value of 0.010 mg/1.
The method by which each sample was collected is indicated by
number, as follows:
1 one-time grab
2 24-hour manual composite
3 24-hour automatic composite
4 48-hour manual composite
5 48-hour automatic composite
6 72-hour manual composite
7 72-hour automatic composite
In the 1977 data collection portfolios, the secondary silver
plants which discharge wastewater were asked to specify the
presence or absence of the toxic pollutants in their effluent. Of
the 44 secondary silver plants submitting a 1977 dcp, 19 did not
respond to this portion of the questionnaire. All plants
responding to the organic compounds portion of the questionnaire
reported that all toxic organic pollutants were known to be
absent or believed to be absent from their wastewater.
2708
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
The responses for the toxic metals and cyanide are summarized
below:
Known Believed Believed Known
Antimony 2 4 14 5
Arsenic 12 16 6
Beryllium 0 2 16 7
Cadmium 4 510 6
Chromium 5 4 10 6
Copper 10 4 6 5
Cyanide 41 13 7
Lead 7 4 8 6
Mercury 1 2 16 6 .
Nickel 8395
Selenium 1 2 15 7
Silver 13 5 34
Thallium 0 1 16 8
Zinc 10 4 7.4
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since secondary silver production involves 11 principal sources
of wastewater and each has potentially different characteristics
and flows, the wastewater characteristics and discharge rates
corresponding to each subdivision will be described separately.
A brief description of why the associated production processes
generate a wastewater and explanations for variations of water
use within each subdivision will also be discussed.
FILM STRIPPING
Photographic film may be stripped of emulsion and the silver
precipitated. The film base can be screened and rinsed,
producing wastewater. Water discharge rates are presented in
Table V-l (page 2714) in liters per troy ounce of silver produced
from film stripping. Table V-2 (page 2715) (stream 14) shows
combined raw wastewater data from film stripping and wet air
pollution control on film stripping and film stripping
precipitation. Data are not available for separate waste streams
because discrete points in each stream were not accessible.
However, based on the combined wastewater data and the raw
materials and process used, film stripping wastewater should
contain toxic organics and metals, cyanide, and total suspended
solids above treatable concentrations, as well as phenols.
FILM STRIPPING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION OF
FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
One plant engaged in film stripping uses a wet scrubber to
control air emissions. This plant uses the same scrubber to
control emissions from film stripping and film stripping
precipitation. A 99+ percent recycle of the scrubber water is
maintained and the discharge rate is 0.034 liters per troy ounce
of silver produced from precipitation and filtration of film
2709
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
stripping solutions. Table V-2 (stream 14) shows combined raw
wastewater data from film stripping and wet air pollution control
on film stripping and film stripping precipitation. Data are not
available for separate waste streams because discrete points in
each stream were not accessible. However, based on the combined
wastewater data and the raw materials and process used, film
stripping wet air pollution control wastewater should contain
toxic organics and metals, cyanide, phenolics, and total
suspended solids.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OP FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
The solution resulting from stripping granulated film is treated
to precipitate the silver. After settling or filtration, the
silver-free solution may be discarded as wastewater. Four of the
five photographic plants that use this process discharge a waste
stream. The water discharge rates, reported in liters per troy
ounce of silver precipitated, are shown in Table V-3 (page 2722).
Sampling data for film stripping solutions precipitation are
summarized in Table y-2 (Stream 12). Raw wastewater from this
process contains toxic organics and metals, cyanide, phenolics,
and total suspended solids at treatable concentrations.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
Silver can be precipitated from discarded photographic hypo
solutions. After filtration, the silver-free solution
constitutes a waste stream. Solutions resulting from
photographic sludges are also included in this subdivision. All
seven plants which have precipitation processes discharge process
wastewater. The discharge rates from these plants, presented in
liters per troy ounce of silver precipitated, are shown in Table
V-4 (page 2723). The Agency did not sample the raw wastewater
from silver solution precipitation directly; however, wastewater
samples were collected after filtering with sawdust (which is
part of the process). This wastewater contains 1,2-
dichloroethane, chloroform, phthalates, and tetrachloroethylene,
all above treatable concentrations (0.025 to 0.132 mg/1). Toxic
metals are also found, including a high concentration of zinc
(200 mg/1). Ammonia (4,630 mg/1), and chloride (734 mg/1) are
also present. Total suspended solids are evident, but most
solids in the raw wastewater were probably removed by the filter.
Raw wastewater sampling data are given in Table V-5 (page 22724).
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL
Of the seven photographic silver plants precipitating silver
solutions, three use wet air pollution control; two of these
discharge wastewater from wet scrubbers. The water discharge
flow rates are shown in Table V-6. Although wastewater samples
were not collected from precipitation of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control, raw wastewater data are available from
a film stripping precipitation scrubber. The wastewater
characteristics for the two scrubbers are expected to be similar
2710
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
because of the similarities in the raw materials and processes
used. Wastewater samples collected from the analogous wet
scrubber stream contain toxic organics and metals, cyanide, and
total suspended solids above treatable concentrations.
ELECTROLYTIC REPINING
Fifteen plants use electrolytic refining as a purification step
in secondary silver processing. Thirteen plants generate waste
streams consisting of spent electrolyte and wash water; 12 of
those discharge the wastewater. Table V-7 (page 2725) shows the
water discharge rates in liters per troy ounce of silver refined.
Electrolytic refining is similar for photographic and
nonphotographic plants, therefore wastewater from each may have
similar characteristics. Table V-8 (page 2728) summarizes the
raw wastewater sampling data for the toxic and selected
conventional and nonconventional pollutants.
The samples were collected at a nonphotographic plant from a
combined waste stream comprised of raw wastewater from
electrolytic refining, as well as metal-depleted solutions. This
raw wastewater contains toxic organics and metals, ammonia,
fluoride, cyanide, and total suspended solids above treatable
concentrations.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Of the secondary silver plants with reverberatory furnaces,
incinerators, or casting furnaces, 27 control off—gas emissions.
Twelve plants use wet scrubbers, and four of these discharge
wastewater, as shown in Table V-9 (page 2732). The Agency did
not collect samples from furnace scrubber wastewater at a
secondary silver plant before proposal. However, after proposal,
samples of this wastewater were collected at an integrated
secondary silver and secondary precious metals facility. This
plant processes nonphotographic materials and the scrubber
controls off-gas emissions from a furnace used to smelt silver,
gold, platinum, and palladium. These data are presented in the
administrative record supporting this regulation. Furnace
scrubber wastewater contains a treatable concentration of total
suspended solids (5,600 mg/1) and has a pH of approximately 7.
LEACHING
In nonphotographic materials plants, leaching is used to recover
silver from silver sludges and copper matte associated with the
melting of electrical component parts. Of the 13 nonphotographic
plants that leach, 11 produce wastewater, consisting of either
silver-free leachate or lead-iron residue. Water discharge rates
are given in Table V-12 (page 2735) in liters per troy ounce of
silver produced from leaching.
Table V-8 (page 2728) (stream 40) shows combined raw wastewater
data from nonphotographic solutions precipitation and
2711
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY. SECT - V
electrolytic refining. Leaching wastewaters have similar
characteristics as precipitation wastewater because of the nature
of the nonphotographic materials processed. Data are not
available for separate waste streams because discrete points in
each stream were not accessible. However, based on the combined
wastewater data and the raw materials and process used, raw
wastewater from leaching should contain toxic organics and
metals, ammonia, fluoride, cyanide, phenolics, and total
suspended solids above treatable concentrations.
LEACHING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION OF
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
For leaching emissions, discharge rates are shown in Table V-13
(page 2736). All 13 of the plants with leaching and precipitation
emissions control.discharge wastewater. For proposal, the Agency
did not have discrete samples of this waste stream. After
proposal, EPA collected samples of scrubbers over leaching and
precipitation processes at two integrated secondary silver and
secondary precious metals plants. These plants also process
gold, platinum, and palladium from nonphotographic materials.
The scrubbers control emissions from the secondary silver and the
secondary precious metals leaching and precipitation processes.
The scrubber wastewater contains treatable concentrations of
toxic metals and total suspended solids. The pH is approximately
8 when a caustic solution is used as a scrubber liquor. At
plants scrubbing with water only, this wastewater is expected to
be acidic. The wastewater data for this stream are presented in
the administrative record supporting this regulation.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
Silver may be recovered by precipitation from leachates, waste
silver-plating solutions or melted silver scrap. Twenty-seven
nonphotographic plants report this process, and all 27 discharge
wastewater. Depleted solutions may be discarded as wastewater,
along with wash water and silver-free filtrates. Discharge water
rates are presented in Table V-15 (page 2740).
Table V-8 (stream 40) shows combined raw wastewater data from
nonphotographic solutions precipitation and electrolytic
refining. Data are not available for separate waste streams
because discrete points in each stream were not accessible.
However, based on the combined wastewater data and the raw
materials and process used, precipitation of nonphotographic
solutions wastewater should be characterized by the presence of
toxic organics and metals, ammonia, cyanide, chloride, fluoride,
phenolics, and suspended solids above treatable concentrations.
FLOOR AND EQUIPMENT WASHDOWN
Many plants wash equipment and floors to recover silver values
that may be contained in accidental leaks and spills of process
solutions. Flow data on the floor wash were not generally
available in the data collection portfolios. However, data from
2712
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
a sampling effort at one secondary silver-secondary precious
metals integrated plant and one secondary precious metals plant
show that one liter per troy ounce of washdown water is typically
generated. Sampling data collected at the two plants show this
wastewater to contain treatable concentrations of toxic metals
and total suspended solids. The flow and sampling data for this
waste stream are included in the administrative record supporting
this regulation.
2713
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-l
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
FILM STRIPPING
(1/troy ounce of silver produced from film stripping)
Plant
Code
30927
596
74
Percent
Recycle
0
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Water Use
50.35
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
50.35
NR
NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
2714
-------
Table V-2
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Pollutant (a)
4.
6.
10.
11.
23.
29.
38.
benzene
carbon tetra-
chloride
1 ,2-dlchloro-
ethane
1,1 , 1-trichloro-
ethane
c lor o form
1 ,1 -dtchloro-
ethylene
ethylbenzene
Stream
Code
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source (b) Day 1
0.084
0.17
0.149
ND
ND
ND
0.061
0.58
0.156
ND
ND
0.022
0.244
1.31
0.36
ND
0.33
6.1
0.017
0.016
*
Day 2
0.132
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 Average
2.05
0.07
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.084
0.784
0.149
0.07
0.061
0.58
0.156
0.022
0.244
1.31
0.36
0.33
6.1
0.017
0.008
*
w
K
n
I
w
H
F
W
n
M
Q
I
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-2 (Continued)
Pollutant(a)
i;-v. methylene
chloride
-J
I-1
Stream
Code
12
14
16
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
68. di-n-butyl
phthalate
69. di-n-octyl
phthalate
diethyl
phthalate
85. tetrachloro-
ethylene
86. toluene
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Sample
Typet Source(b) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
1
0.67
3.23
3.1
*
0.034
C.011
0.015
0.014
0.047
0.033
0.058
ND
ND
0.038
ND
*
0.087
0.042
0.029
0.027
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.032
Average
*
0.087
0.041
0.029
0.03
0.013
03
fci
n
i
d
ND
ND
0.67
3.23
3.1
*
0.034
0.011
0.015
0.015
0.047
0.033
0.058
w
H
M
s
w
so
en
c
w
1
w
o
a
w
o
I
<
-------
Table V-2 (Continued)
KJ
-4
H
Pollutant(a)
87. triehloro-
ethylene
91. chlordane
106. PCB-1242 (c)
107. PCB-1254 (c)
108. PCB-1221 (c)
109. PCB-1232 (d)
110. PCB-1248 (d)
111. PCB-1260 (d)
113. toxaphene
114. ant tmony
115. arsenic
.SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Stream
Code
12
14
16
12
16
12
16
230
12
16
230
12
16
230
12
14
16
12
14
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source (b) Day 1 Day 2
0.473
0.93 ND
0.832
**
<0.01
<0.014
<0.007
0.012
<0.017
<0.015
0.012
**
<0.01
ND
12
0.7
1.5
2.2
0.2
1.9
12.0
0.7
1.5
2.2
0.2
1.9
CO
M
d)
Day 3
ND
Average
0.473
0.93
0.832
**
<0.01
<0.0
<0.0
0.012
• <0.017
<0.015
0.012
**
<0.01
§
o
4<
RY SILVER
CO
3
o
IEGORY
w
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-2 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Pollutant (a)
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
123, mercury
Stream
Code
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source (b) Day 1
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.37
5
0.65
100
9
7
30
2
0.72
5.95
1.83
0.311
9
2
6
0.017
0.0008
Day 2
Day 3 Average
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.37
5.0
0.65
100.0
9.0
7.0
30.0
2.0
0.72
1.13
•1.29
5.95
1.416
0.311
9.0
2.0
6.0
0.017
0.0008
M
w
o
O
m
H
tl
m
§
o
§
n
o
o
a
m
a
I
<
-------
Table V-2 (Continued)
to
Pollutant(a)
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
1>.' . zinc
H o a c onv en t i on a 1 s
chemical oxygen
demand (COD)
phenols (total; by
4-AAP method)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Stream
Code
12
14
16
12
14
16
12
16
12
16
12
14
16
12
16
230
12
14
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
Source (b) Day 1
<0.5
1
2
0.9
0.6
0.25
5
3
0.4
0.2
20
4
10
10,100
6,460
14,800
0.197
32
62.5
Day 2
Day 3 Average
<0.5
1.0
2.0
0.9
0.6
0.25
5.0
3.0
0.4
0.2
20.0
4.0
10.0
10,100
6,460
14,800
w
o
o
z
D
I
Kj
H
c
td
O
M
Q
O
w
w
n
i
<
28.8
16.7
0.197
25.8
62.5
-------
Table V-2 (Continued)
Pollv.tant (a)
total organic
carbon (TOC)
Conventionals
to oil and grease
NJ
o
total suspended
solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Day 3
Stream
Code
12
16
230
12
14
16
12
16
230
12
14
16
Sample
Typet
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
Source (b) Day 1 Day 2
4,040
2,410
13,040
111
130
20
3,664
162
484
2.95
8.4 6.05
1.1
Average
w
m
o
§
1
KJ
4,040
2,410
13,040
111
130
20
3,664
162.0
484.0
OT
H
-------
Table V-2 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
p
tSample type. Note: These numbers also apply to subsequent data tables. §
o
1 one-time grab j§
2 24-hour manual composite *
3 24-hour automatic composite ^
4 48 hour manual composite ^
5 48 hour automatic composite w
6 72 hour manual composite »
7 72 hour automatic composice 2
eo * Less than or equal to 0.01 mg/1
M ** Less than or equal to 0.005 mg/1
to
°
a
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-3
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
(1/troy .ounce of silver produced from film stripping)
Production Production
Plant Percent Normalized Normali2ed
Code Recycle Water Use Discharge Flow
30927 0 112.7 112.7
596 0 2.31 2.31
74 0 0.74 0.74
566 NR NR NR
602 No Wastewater Produced
NR = data not reported in dcp.
2722
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-4
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OP PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
(1/troy ounce of silver precipitated)
Production Production
Plant Percent Normalized Normaliied
Code Recycle Water Use - Discharge Flow
30927 0 89.9 89.9
538 0 21.1 21.1
9022(a) 0 13.5 13.5
437 0 6.75 6.75
615(a) 0 1.6 1.6
74 0 1.35 1.35
563 0 NR NR
567 0 NR NR
4301 0 NR ' NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Plant closed or no longer processing secondary silver.
2723
-------
fable V-5
-j
to
Polluti-nt(a)
Toxic Pollutants
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Stream Sample
Code Typet Source(b) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
10. i,2-dichloro-
ethane
15. 1,1,2,3-tetra-
•rhloroethane
23. chloroform
29. 1,1-dichloro-
ethylene
30. 1,2-trans-
dichloroethylene
66. bis(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate
67. butyl benzyl
phthalate
85. tetrachloro-
raethylene
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120, copper
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. challium
128. zinc
61 1 0.068
61 1 <0.029
0.132
0.049
0.049
0.1195
0.052
<0.025
0.03
6
0.3
1
0.5
1
0.4
<0.04
<9.2
<0.2
200
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Average
0.068
<0.029
w
M
n
P
n
H
m
yo
0.132
0.049
0.049
0.1195
0.052
<9.025
0.03
6.0
0.3
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.4
<0.04
<9.2
<0.2
200
\
-------
Ul
Pollutant(a)
N onconvent: tona Is
ammonia
chemical oxygen
demand (COD)
chloride
total organic
carbon (TOC)
Conventionals
oil and grease
total suspended
solids (TSS)
Table V-5 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Stream Sample
Code Typet Source(b) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
61
61
61
61
61
61
4,630
40,700
734
3,085
Average
4,630
40,700
734
3,085
3
92
3
92
(a) One sample was analyzed for pesticides: dieldrin, chlordane, 4,4'DDT, 4,4'DDE,
endrin, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, alpha-BHC, beta-BHC and gatnma-BHC were
detected but below the quantification limit. One sample was analyzed for PCB
fractions. PCB-1242, 1254, 1221, 1232, 1248, 1260 and1.101.6 were detected, but
below the quantification limit.
m
o
§
o
>
s
OT
H-
w
C
W
O
>
1-3
w
«
o
s
w
w
n
i
<
(b) No source water samples were analyzed.
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT ^ V
TABLE V-6
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of silver precipitated)
Production Production
2d Normalized
5 Discharge Flow
0.58
0.068
0
NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Same scrubber used for film stripping and precipitation of
film stripping solutions
(b) - Plant closed
Plant
Code
553
74{a)
459
567
Percent
Recycle
99+
99+
100
68
Normal
Water
1214.
96,5
NR
NR
2726
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-7
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
(1/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining)
Plant
Code
567{a)
448(b)
457
553
615{a)
1104(b)
460
460{b)
65
1053(b)
4301
1084(b)
578(b)
1138(b)
1071{b)
1088(b)
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
1.97
1.77
1.64
0.63
0.49
0.44
0.31
0.06
0.28
0.16
0.068
0.035
0.024
NR
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
1.97
1.77
1.64
0.63
0.49
0.44
0.31
0.06
0.28
0.16
0.068
0.035
0.024
NR
NR
NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Plant closed or no longer processes secondary silver
(b) - Date from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II 1983 dcp
2727
-------
Table V-8
Pollutant (a)
NJ
-J
to
00
Toxic
1.
4.
S.
7.
11.
15.
23.
Pollutants
acenaphthne
benzene
carbon tetra-
chlorlde
chlorobenzene
1,1 ,1-trichlo-
roethane
1 ,1 ,2,3-tetra-
chloroethane
chloroform
Stream
Code
38. ethylbenzene
47. bromoform
51. chlorodibro-
mome thane
66. is(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate
67. butyl benzyl
puthalate
68. di-n-butyl
phthalate
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Sample
Type Source Day 1 Day 2
40
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
6
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Day 3 Average
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
*
O.Q21
.*
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND "
0.016
*
ND
*
*
*
0.010
0.054
*
ND
ND
*
*
ND
ND
ND
<0.038
ND
0.109
0.021
ND
0.065
ND
ND
ND
0.047
0.011
0.054
ND
0.3
*
ND
*
2.3
*
0.022
ND
ND
*
ND
<0.064.
ND
0.038
1.66
<0.022
ND
ND
0.312
ND
ND
ND
0.01
0.031
*
1.98
*
*
0.022
<0.038
0.312
0.109
0.011
0.065
<0.064
0.047
0.011
0.054
0.3
*
W
M
8
K
w
H
i
M
Q
O
o
I
<
-------
.Table V-8 (Continued)
to
-J
Pollutant(a)
69. di-n-octyl
phthalate
78. anthracene (b)
81. phenanthrene (b)
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloro-
ethylene
86. toluene
£7. trichloro-
ethylene
90. dieldrin
:~1. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4.4'-DDE
,3. endrin
K-0. heptechlor
',03. b-BHC-Beta
;G7. PCB-1254
':"). PCB-1248
. ';•. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
Stream
Code
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Sample
Type Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
40
40
44
40
44
40
44
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
ND
*
*
ND
*
ND
0.011
*
*
ND
ND
ND
**
**
**
ND
**
**
**
**
**
-------
Table V-8 (Continued)
Pollutant(a)
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
i23. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Nonconventionals
ammonia
chemical oxygen
demand (COD)
S t ream
Code
40
44
40
44
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Sample
Type
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
Source
<0.005
<0.005
0.2
0.04
<0.02
<0.02
<0.0001
0.0002
<0.005
<0.005
<0.01
<0.01
<0.02
<0.02
<0.06
<0.06
Day 1
2.0
20.0
70.0
60.0
0.018
0.001
4.0
50.0
<0.0001
0.0001
30.0
800
<0.01
<0.01
0.43
4.7
20.0
2,000
Day 2
Day3 Average
0.132
0.019
<5
<5
2,180
9.5
231
750
3,040
675
20.0
2,000
1,202
9.5
3,040
231
w
w
o
o
3
o
2.0
20.0
70.0
60.0
0.056
0.001
4.0
50.0
<0.0001
0.0001
30.0
800
<0.01
<0.01
0.43
4.7
UJ
H
-------
ho
-J
oo
Pollutant(a)
chloride
fluoride
phenols (total; by
4-AAP method)
total organic
carbon (TOC)
Conventionals
oil and grease
total suspended
solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Table V-8 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - MISCELLANEOUS
RAW WASTEWATER
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Stream
Code
44
40
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
40
44
Sample
Type
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Source
41.0
1.3
4.0
5.0
14
<1
Day 1
32,300
0.017
0.044
24.0
11
8
112
1.9
Day 2
1.2
0.012
435.0
27
118
2.2
Day 3 Average
32,300
1
0.014 0
0
435
24
13 17
' 8
118
112
2.3
.2
.014
.044
.0
.0
.0
.0
w
M
O
O
>
K!
*s
M
H
3
£
»
w
a
w
w
Q
o
»
w
M
Q
I
<
(a) Stream 40 was analyzed for the pesticide fraction, but none were detected above Its
quantification limit.
(b) Reported together.
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-9
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted or dried)
Production
Plant
Code
78
553
65
549
437
9020
1138(C)
596
441
1084
459
4567
Percent
Recycle
99.9
99.7
100
100(A)
0
0
0
100
100
100
0
NR
Normalize
Water Use
143.7
49.21
19.85
11.6
9.4
7.87
0.37
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
0.14
0
0
0
0
7.87
0.37
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Partial evaporation.
(b) - 100 % evaporation.
(c) - Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II 1983
dcp.
2732
-------
SECONDARY SILVER .SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-10
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES POR
LEACHING
(1/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching)
Plant
Code
9022
9020
9020(b)
1145
1150(b)
615(a)
78
553
25
82(a)
567(a)
459
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NR
NR
0
NR
Production
Normalized
Water Use
635.2
98.31
2.97
1.56
NR
0.11
0.079
0.068
NR
NR
NR
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Plow
635.2
98.31
2.97
1.56
NR
0.11
0.079
0.068
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Partial evaporation.
(b) - 100 % evaporation.
(c) - Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II 1983
dcp.
2733
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-ll
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
LEACHING AND PRECIPITATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
or silver precipitated)
Production Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
9.84
0.12
0.90
11.3
0.014
0
NR
0
0
NR
NR
0
NR
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Plant closed or no longer processing secondary silver.
(b) - Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II 1983
dcp.
Plant
Code
9020
74
549
83(a)
553
78
82(a)
459
664
448
567(a)
1204{b)
578
Percent
Recycle
99
99+
99
79.2
99+
100
97.4
100
100
v NR
65
100
NR
Normal iz
Water Ds
984
218
90
54.56
7.0
0.078
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
13.5
NR
2734
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT -
TABLE V-12
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
Plant
Code
1100
1092
9020*
9020
1018
1104
18
615(a)
1128
1165
549
1164
448
1029
1023
74
1053(a)
1167(a)
4640(a)
460
1072
578
1204
1063
1117
(1/troy ounce of silver precipitated)
Percent
Recycle
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
109.5
103.3
78.6
19.9
47.5
17.7
12.96
7.87
7.53
5.16
2.7
2.1
1.77
1.23
1.0
0.90
0.65
0.52
0.5
0.42
0.37
0.19
0.183
0.13
0.098
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
109.5
103.3
78.6
19.9
47.5
17.7
12.96
7
7,
87
53
5.16
2.7
2.1
1.77
1,
1,
23
0
0.90
0.65
0.52
0.5
0.42
0.37
0.19
0.183
0.13
0.098
NR = data not reported in dcp.
(a) - Data from nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II 1983
dcp.
(b)
Plant colsed or no longer processes secondary silver.
2735
-------
to
a\
Table V-13
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Stream
Pollutant Code
Concentrations (mg/1,
Sample
Type Source Day 1
except as noted)
Day 2 Day 3
Average
Toxic Pollutants
4.
6,
1 5.
23.
38.
39.
47.
48.
51.
66.
67.
68.
69.
84.
85.
87.
114.
benzene
carbon tetra-
chloride
1,1,2,3-tetra-
ch loroethane
chloroform
ethylbenzene
f luoranthene
bromoform
dlchlorobromo-
me thane
ehlorodibro-
momethane
bts(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate
butyl benzyl
phthalate
di-n-butyl
phthalate
dl-n-octyl
phthalate
pyrene
tetrachloro-
ethylene
trichloro-
ethylene
antimony
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
2
2 .
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
7
7
7
7
7
2
2
7
ND
ND
ND
0.021
ND
*
ND
ND
ND
0.016
ND
' *
ND
*
0.011
ND
<0.1
0.014
0.394
ND
0.04
0.012
0.198
ND
2.8
<0.047
0.022
0.038
0.082
0.069
0.179
0.017
<0.014
1.5
ND
0.305
0.025
0*305
ND
f 0.013
2.4
ND
*
ND
ND
0.401
ND
ND
*
ND
1.58
ND
*
ND
0.014
0.367
0.025
0.173
0.006
0.198
0.013
2.26
<0.047
0.022
0.038
0.082
0.069
0.179
0.006
<0.014
1.5
SECONDARY £
w*
H
<
M
W
C
W
•O
'S
r j
M
•o
•t<
W
w
^
1
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT A
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Pollutant
15. arsenic
21 . cyanide
.26. silver
Uoncohventionals
amm ia
chem.Cil oxygen
denand (COD)
fluotide
phenols (total; by
4-AAP method)
total organic
carbcn (TOG)
Conventional
oil and grease
total suspended
solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
Sample
Type
7
7
7
1
7
7
2
7
1
7
1
Source
<0.01
<0.02
<5
1.3
4
14
Day 1
1.26
0.020
6.9
2.200 ,
0.008
82
7.3
Day 2 Day 3
0.075 0.053
2.080 1.600
556
2.4
0.023 0.018
97
5 10
3.140
8.1 8.7
Average
1.26
0.049
6.9
1.960
556
2.4
0.016
97
32
3.140
w
w
o
S
K{
to
H
F
C
O
>
ra
8
R
to
w
o
i
-------
Table V-14
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
-J
CO
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
Stream
Code
6. carbon tetra- 45
chloride
66. bis(2-ethyl- 45
hexyl) phthalate
1 18. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
128. zinc
Nonconventionals
ammonia 45
chemical oxygen 45
demand (COD)
chloride 45
phenols (total; by 45
by 4-AAP method)
total organic 45
carbon (TOC)
Concentrations (rag/1, except as noted)
Sample
Type Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
ND
*
<0.002
<0.005
0.04
<0.02
<0.0002
<0.005
<0.06
0.019
0.03
0.1
<0.05
0.6
0.001
<0.2
0.0001
<0.05
1
<5
41
0.49
<5
669
0.011
Average
0.019
0.03
0.1
<0.05
0.6
0.001
<0.2
0.0001
<0.05
1
0.49
<5.0
669
0.011
M
O
I
H
3
O
S
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
NON PHOTOGRAPH 1C - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLES - PLANT B
NJ
^J
U>
VO
Pollutant
Conventionals
oil and grease
total suspended
Stream
Code
45
45
Concentrations
Sample
Type Source
1
1
<1
(mg/1, except as noted)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
to
10
Average
10
10
SECONDARY SILVEI
solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
45
9.9
o
M
Q
O
JO
M
w
o
I
<
-------
Table V-15
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLE - PLANT C
Pollutant
T'.xic Pollutants
4. benzene
^j ,0. 1 ,2-dichloro-
o ethane
23. chloroform
29. 1 ,1-dichloro-
ethylene
38. ethylbenzene
44. methylene
chlortde
85. tetrachloro-
methylene
Stream
Code
13
15
17
13
15
17
13
15
17
13
15
17
13
15
17
13
15
17
1?-
15
17
Concentrations
Sample
Type Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(mg/1, except as noted)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
0.06
* 3.2 ND
0.03
0.126
0.044 ND 0.05
0.26
0.404
0.076 0.07 0.032
3.18
0.101
0.013 ND ND
3.418
0.014
ND 0.036 0.05
ND
0.876
0 086 ND ND
0.89
0.012
ND ND ND
0.041
Average
0.06
. 1.6
0.03
0.126
0.047
0.26
0.404
0.0593
3.18
0.101
0.013
3.418
0.014
0.043
0.876
0.086
0.89
0.012
0.041
w
w
o
o
1
w
H
§
td
JO
w
a
w
o
H
w
o
o
*S
in
w
**
i
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLE - PLANT C
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Pollutant
86.
87.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
toluene
trichlor'o-
ethylene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
Stream
Code
13
15
17
13
15
17
15
17
15
17
15
17
15
17
15
17
15
17
Sample
Type Source Day 1 Day 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.019
* ND
ND
0.334
0.047 ND
0.19
0.45
utr\
ND
0.7
ND
<0.02
ND
3
ND
8
ND
1
ND
Day 3 Average
0.019
ND *
0.334
ND 0.047
0.19
0.45
0.7
<0.02
3
8
1
W
w
o
§
g
8
>s
W
H
£
:•£
»
W
G
td
O
>
w1
. L*J
8
.a
w
ft
o
1
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued).
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLE - PLANT C
tsj
Pollutant
121. cyanide
122. lead
123, mercury
1 .ilckel
12 selenium
126. si. e
127. thallium
128. zinc
Concentrations (mg/1, except as noted)
Stream Sample
Code Type Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
13
15
17
15
17
13
15
17
15 1
17
15
17
13
15
13
15
15 1
17
2.19
1.29 1.62 2.04
0.098
3
ND
0.0032
0.0016
ND
1 4
1 ND
0.4
ND
1
1
0.65
0.2
1 5
1 ND
Average
2
1
0
3
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
0
5
.19
.65
.098
.0032
.0016
.4
.65
,2
w
M
0
O
§
t~-4
1
W
H
s
M
OJ
§
O
Hi
w
I
K
w
w
O
H
^
-------
to
u»
Table V-15 (Continued)
SECONDARY SILVER SAMPLING DATA
PHOTOGRAPHIC - TREATMENT PLANT SAMPLE - PLANT C
Pollutant
!«onconventlonals
phenols (total; by
4-AAP method)
CON VENT IOHALS
oil and grease
pit (standard units)
Stream
Code
13
15
17
15
17
13
15
17
Concentrat Ions
Sample
Type Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(rag/1, except as noted)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Average
0.421 0.421
26.5 26.8 20.3 24.5
51.3 51.3
50 51 195 99
21 21
7.14
8.55 7.16 6.97
6.68
w
M
8
6
K
W
H
i
PI
50
W
§
o
w
Q
§
K
in
w
n
i
<
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SODECE
WATER
IA? IH
LAB
VOA BLANK
KRM.
DEPLETED
SQU31IOH
SPEHT
ELECTROLYTE
J
\ ft-
CTD
TANKS
WTTH
PIG IKON
SETTtCW
TA1TC3
Naoa
ADDITION
398 CPU
DISCHARGE
•igure V«-l
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY SILVER PLANT A
2744
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCAT2GORY
SECT - V
Q"l I VOA BLANK
SPEHT
HHJRQXETAL-
LtmGICAl
PLAKT
LIQUORS'
CONTACT
COOLZNC
HATER
?t & Pd
SC&UBBQl
HATER
fSESS
3600 GPD
DlSCItARCE
Figure V-2
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY SILVER PLANT B
2745
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
EHULSIOH
RECOVER!
PROCESS
fTLH
WASTE
SCRUBBER
SOLUTIONS
SLTOCE
SYSTEM
\
/Ok ^
0.000704 MGD
(
WASTE
0
I
•w
.(
x\
230 1
Hg>-*
02144 M
16 1
/^ ^
vy -
0.000.376 MGD
s
MECI.NG
&
SHriLLNU
tASK
t
COAGULANTS
M32IMC
6
SETTLING
TANK
• I
COAGUI.ANTS
MIXING
SETTLING
TAKE
t
COAGULANTS
\ /*
1 13 1
ii r nmimirrTF ^^ u fer
0.000704 MGD
&
& *
W *
0.002144 MOT
& »
W p
0.000376 MGD
\
FOLISBZNG
POLXS1ING
FILTER,
POLISHING
FLLXKR
'
2311 is a coaposiee o£l 15 I and
DISCHARGE
Figure V-3
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY SILVEk fLaNT C
2746
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SPEOT
SSfO
SOLUTION
060 VGA BUNK
STEEL WOOL
simxuG
TASK
SAWDUST
FILTER
174.7 CfO
DISCHARGE
Figure V-4
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY SILVER PLANT D
2747
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2748
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
SECTION VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
This section examines chemical analysis data presented in
Section V and discusses the selection or exclusion of
pollutants for potential limitation.
The discussion that follows describes the analysis that was
performed to select or exclude pollutants for further
consideration for limitations and standards. Pollutants will be
considered for limitation if they are present in concentrations
treatable by the technologies considered in this analysis. The
treatable concentrations used for the toxic metals were the
long-term performance values achievable by lime precipitation,
sedimentation, arid filtration. The treatable concentrations used
for the toxic organics were the long-term values achievable by
carbon adsorption.
After proposal, the Agency re-evaluated the treatment performance
of activated carbon adsorption to control toxic organic
pollutants. The treatment performance for the»acid extractable,
base-neutral extractable, and volatile organic pollutants has
been set equal to the analytical quantification limit of 0.010
mg/1. The analytical quantification limit for pesticides and
total phenols (by 4-AAP method) is 0.005 mg/1, which is below the
0.010 mg/1 accepted for the other toxic organics. However, to be
consistent, the treatment performance of 0.010 mg/1 is used for
pesticides and total phenols. The 0.010 mg/1 concentration is
achievable, assuming enough carbon is used in the column and a
suitable contact time is allowed. The frequency of occurrence
for 36 of the toxic pollutants has been redetermined based on the
revised treatment performance value. As a result, the following
pollutants, .which were not selected at proposal, have been
selected for further consideration for limitation:
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
38. ethylbenzene
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
The selection of these pollutants is discussed in greater detail
below.
This study examined samples from the secondary silver subcategory
for three conventional pollutant parameters (oil and grease,
total suspended solids, and pH) and six nonconventional pollutant
parameters (ammonia, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, fluoride,
total organic carbon, and total phenols).
CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED
2749
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - ¥1
The conventional and nonconventional pollutants and pollutant
parameters selected for consideration for limitation in this
subcategory are:
ammonia
phenols (total? by 4-AAP method)
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH
Ammonia was found in all four samples analyzed in concentrations
ranging from 675 to 4,630 mg/1. All of the values recorded are
well above the treatable concentration of 32.2 mg/1, attainable
by the available treatment technology. Therefore, ammonia is
selected for consideration for limitation.
Total phenols are detected in all eight samples analyzed. iill
eight samples contained phenols in concentrations above the
treatable concentration of 0.010 mg/1. Concentrations for the
samples ranged from 0.012 to 62.5 mg/1. Therefore, total phenols
are also selected for consideration for limitation.
Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations ranging from 92 to
3,664 mg/1 were observed in the five samples analyzed for this
study. All five samples exhibited concentrations above the
treatable concentration attainable by the identified treatment
technology. Furthermore, most of the specific methods for
removing toxic metals do so by precipitation, and the resulting
toxic metals precipitates should not be discharged. Meeting a
limitation on TSS also aids in removal of precipitated toxic
metals. For these reasons, total suspended solids is considered
for limitation in this subcategory.
The pH values observed in four of seven samples were outside the
6.0 to 10.0 range considered desirable for discharge to receiving
waters. Four pH values ranged from 1.1 to 2.95. The remaining
three samples ranged from 5.9 to 8.4. Effective removal of toxic
metals by chemical precipitation requires careful control of pH.
Therefore, pH is considered for limitation in this subcategory.
TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
The frequency of occurrence of the toxic pollutants in the
wastewater samples taken is presented in Table VI-1 (page 2758),
These data provide the basis for the categorization of specific
pollutants, as discussed below. Table VI-1 is based on the raw
wastewater data from streams 12, 14, 16, 40, 61, and 230 (see
Section V). Treatment plant samples were not considered in the
frequency count. Raw waste stream 44 was not used in the count
because it contained gold, platinum, and palladium processing
wastewater in addition to silver processing wastewater.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS. NEVER DETECTED
The toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 2762) were not
2750
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
detected in any wastewater samples from this subcategory;
therefore, they are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL QUANTIFICA-
TION LIMIT
The toxic pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any wastewater samples
from this subcategoryj therefore, they are not selected for
consideration in establishing limitations.
7. chlorobenzene
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
51. chlorodibromomethane
78. anthracene (a)
81. phenanthrene (a)
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
98. endrin
99. endrin aldehyde
100. heptachlor
102. alpha-BHC
103. beta-BHC
104. gamma-BHC
113. toxaphene
116. asbestos
(a) Reported together.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT
The pollutant listed below is not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations because it was not found in any
wastewater samples from this subcategory above concentrations
considered achievable by existing or available treatment
technologies.
Acenaphthene was detected in only one of nine samples analyzed.
That sample contained 0.010 mg/lf which is the treatable
concentration. Since the pollutant was not detected above the
concentration attainable by identified treatment technology,
acenaphthene is not considered for limitation.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES
The following pollutants were not selected for limitation on the
basis that they were detectable in the effluent from only a small
number of sources within the subcategory and are uniquely related
to only those sources:
23. chloroform
2751
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
44.
47.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
123.
methylene chloride
bromoform
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-octyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
PCB-1242 (b)
PCB-1254 (b)
PCB-1221 (b)
PCB-1232 (c)
PCB-1248 (c)
PCB-1260 (C)
PCB-1016 (c)
mercury
(b),(c) Reported together, as a combined value
Although these pollutants were not selected for consideration in
establishing nationwide limitations, it may be appropriate, on a
case-by-case basis, for the local permitter to specify effluent
limitations.
Chloroform was found at concentrations ranging from 0.109 to 1.31
mg/1 in five of nine samples. The achievable concentration
treatment for chloroform is 0.010 mg/1. Chloroform cannot be
traced to specific materials or processes associated with the
secondary silver subcategory; however, it is a common laboratory
solvent and the high concentrations found could be attributed to
sample contamination. The presence of chloroform in the blank
samples taken attest to this possibility, particularly since the
pollutant was not detected in four samples. The results cannot
be generalized as characteristic of the subcategory. All 25 of
the secondary silver plants reporting the presence or absence of
toxic pollutants indicated in the dcp that this pollutant was
either known or believed to be absent from their wastewater.
Therefore, chloroform is not considered for limitation.
Methylene chloride was measured at a concentration above its
treatable concentration in three of nine samples, with values of
0.67, 3.10, and 3.32 mg/1.- The treatable concentration is 0,010
mg/1. All three treatable samples were from the same plant. This
pollutant is not attributable to specific materials or processes
associated with the secondary silver subcategory, but is a common
solvent used in analytical laboratories. All 25 of the secondary
silver plants reporting the presence or absence of toxic
pollutants indicated in the dcp that this pollutant was either
known or believed to be absent from their wastewater. Because
methylene chloride was not detected in six of nine samples, as
well as the high probability of sample contamination, this
pollutant is not considered for limitation.
Bromoform was not detected in eight of nine samples, but was
found above its treatable concentration in one sample. The 0.065
mg/1 found is greater than the 0.01 mg/1 treatable concentration.
2752
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
All 25 of the secondary silver plants reporting the presence or
absence of toxic pollutants indicated in the dcp that this
pollutant was either known or believed to be absent from their
wastewater. Since bromofora is present at only one source,
bromoform is assumed to be unique to that source and not
considered for limitation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found above its treatable
concentration of 0.010 mg/1 in four of five samples. The
concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.119 mg/1. This pollutant
is not associated with specific processes used in the secondary
silver subeategory, but is commonly used as a plasticizer in
laboratory and field sampling equipment. All 25 of the secondary
silver plants reporting the presence or absence of toxic
pollutants indicated in the dcp that this pollutant was either
known or believed to be absent from their wastewater. Since the
presence of this pollutant may be attributed to sample
contamination, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not considered for
limitation.
Butyl benzyl phthalate was measured in two of five samples at
concentrations of 0.052 and 0.054 rag/1. The treatable
concentration for this pollutant is 0.010 mg/1. This pollutant
is used as a plasticizer in laboratory and field sampling
equipment. Since it was not detected in three of five samples,
the measurements may be regarded as specific to the site an
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
compound is a plastic!zer used in many products found in
manufacturing plants? it is not associated with specific
processes in this subcategory. All 25 of the secondary silver
plants reporting the presence or absence of toxic pollutants
indicated in the dcp that this pollutant was either known or
believed to be absent from their wastewater. Because of the
site-specificity of the one result, diethyl phthalate is not
considered for limitation.
The seven toxic pollutant FCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) are
not clearly separated by the analytical protocol used in this
study; thus, they are reported in two groups. The first group
contains PCB-1242, PCB-1254r and PCB-1221? the second contains
PCB-1232, PCB-1248, PCB-1260, and PCB-1016. Both groups were
found in one of five samples at the same plant. The
concentration for each group was 0.012 rag/1, which slightly
exceeds the treatable concentration of 0.010 mg/1. All 25 of the
secondary silver plants reporting the presence or absence of
toxic pollutants indicated in the dcp that this pollutant was
either known or believed to be absent from their wastewater.
Since these pollutants were found in only one plant, they are
assumed to be unique to that source and are not considered for
limitation.
Mercury was measured above its treatable concentration (0.036
mg/1) in one of four samples. Even though found at 1.0 mg/1,
this pollutant is not attributable to specific materials and
processes in this subcategory. Also, 22 of the 25 secondary
silver plants reporting the presence or absence of toxic
pollutants indicated in the dcp that mercury was known to be
absent or believed to be absent from their wastewater. Since
it was found in only one plant, mercury is not considered for
limitation,
TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR CONSIDERATION IN ESTABLISHING
LIMITATIONS
The pollutants listed below are selected for fu'rther
consideration in establishing limitations and standards for this
subcategory.
4. benzene
6. carbon tetrachloride
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
38. ethylbenzene
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
114. antimony
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
2754
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Benzene was detected above its treatable concentration (0.010
mg/1) in seven of nine samples. The concentrations ranged from
0.017 to 2.05 mg/1. Since benzene was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentration achievable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Carbon tetrachlorlde was found above its treatable concentration
(0.010 mg/1) in three of nine samples. Concentrations ranged
from 0,07 to 2.3 mg/1. Since carbon tetrachloride was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for
consideration for limitation.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane was detected at two plants in two of nine
samples, both at concentrations of 0.022 mg/1. The treatable
concentration is 0.010 mg/1 for this pollutant. Therefore,
1,1,1-trichlorethane is selected for consideration for
limitation.
1,2—Dichloroethane was detected above its quantification limit in
four of nine samples in two plants. Two samples, with
concentrations of 0.58 and 0.156 mg/1, were above the
concentration considered attainable by treatment (0,010 mg/1).
Since 1,2-dichloroethane was present in concentrations exceeding
the concentration achievable by identified treatment technology,
it is selected for consideration for limitation.
1,1-Dichloroethylene was measured above its treatable
concentration (0.010 mg/1) in three of nine samples in two
plants, with concentrations of 0.049, 0.33, and 6.1 mg/1. Since
1,1-dichloroethylene was present in concentrations exceeding the
concentration achievable by identified treatment technology, it
is selected for consideration for limitation.
1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene was detected in one of nine samples
with a concentration of 0.049 mg/1. This value is above the
treatable concentration (0,010 mg/1). The raw wastewater stream
containing this pollutant was sampled at only one plant. There
fore, the presence of this pollutant cannot be regarded as site-
specific. For these reasons, 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene is
selected for consideration for limitation.
Ethylbenzene was found in six of nine samples. Only three
samples contained this pollutant above its concentration
considered attainable by treatment (0.010 rag/1). These .values
2755
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
ranged from 0.016 to 0.021 mg/1. Also, it was detected at two of
three plants. Therefore/ ethylbenzene is selected for
consideration for limitation.
Pyrene was found in one of five samples at a concentration of
2.15 mg/1, which is much greater than its treatable concentration
(0.010 mg/1). The raw wastewater stream containing this
pollutant was sampled at only one plant. Therefore, the presence
of this pollutant cannot be regarded as site-specific and is
selected for consideration for limitation.
Tetrachloroethylene was measured above concentrations regarded
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in
four of nine streams. The values ranged from 0.017 mg/1 to 0.123
mg/1. Tetrachloroethylene was detected below its quantification
limit in two other samples. These samples represent five
different vastewater streams at three plants. For these reasons,
this pollutant is selected for consideration for limitation.
Toluene was detected in seven of nine samples representing four
raw wastewater streams from three plan-3. Five of its measured
concentrations ranged from 0.013 mg/1 to 0.05 mg/1, which is
above the concentration considered attainable by available
treatment for this pollutant (0.010 mg/1). Therefore, toluene is
selected for consideration for limitation.
Trichloroethylene was detected above its treatable concentration
(0.010 mg/1) in three of nine samples. The concentrations ranged
from 0.473 to 0.93 mg/1. Since trichloroethylene was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Antimony was found above its treatable concentration (0.47 mg/1)
in three of five samples. The concentrations ranged from 0.7 to
12.0 mg/1. Since antimony was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentration achievable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Arsenic was measured above its quantification limit in all five
samples analyzed. Two of the five samples contained this
pollutant above the treatable concentration (0.34 mg/.l>, with
concentrations of 1.9 and 2.2 mg/1. Since arsenic was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatme. t technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Chromium was found above its treatable concentration (0.07 mg/1)
in all five samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from 0.3
to 100 mg/1. Since chromium was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentration achievable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Copper was detected above its treatable concentration (0.39 mg/1)
in all five samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from
2756
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
0.72 to 70.0 mg/1. Since copper was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentration achievable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Cyanide was measured above its treatable concentration (0.047
mg/1) in six of nine samples from four of the five waste streams.
The concentrations ranged from 0.132 to 5.95 mg/1, in two plants
(one photographic and one nonphotographic). Since cyanide was
present in concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable
by identified treatment technology, it is selected for
consideration for limitation.
Lead was found above its treatable concentration (0.08 mg/1) in
all five samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from 0.5 to
9.0 mg/1. Since lead was present in concentrations exceeding the
concentration achievable by identified treatment technology, it
is selected for consideration for limitation.
Nickel was measured above its treatable concentration (0.22 mg/1)
in four of five samples. The concentrations ranged from 0.4 to
30.0 mg/1. Since nickel was present in concentrations exceeding
the concentration achievable by identified treatment technology,
it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Selenium was found above its treatable concentration (0.20 mg/1)
in three of five samples. The concentrations ranged from 0.25 to
0.9 mg/1. Since selenium was present in concentrations exceeding
the concentration achievable by identified treatment technology,
it is selected for consideration for limitation.
Silver was detected above its quantification limit in three of
five samples analyzed. Concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 5.0
mg/1. Three samples contained silver at concentrations above the
concentration considered attainable by treatment (0.07 mg/1).
Since silver ,was present in concentrations exceeding the
concentration achievable by identified treatment technology, it
is selected for consideration for limitation.
Thallium was found above its quantification limit in two of the
five samples analyzed for this pollutant. One of the five
samples contained thallium at a concentration of 0.4 mg/1, above
the treatable concentration (0.34 mg/1) for this pollutant. Since
thallium was present in concentrations exceeding the
concent/ration achievable by identified treatment technology, it
is selected for consideration for limitation.
Zinc was measured above its treatable concentration (0.23 mg/1)
in all five samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from 4.0
to 2,000 mg/1. Since zinc was present in concentrations
exceeding the concentration attainable by identified treatment
technology, it is selected for consideration for limitation.
2757
-------
Table VI-1
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY SILVER
RAW WASTEWATER
to
^1
Ul
00
Pollutant
I, acenaphehene
2. acroleln
3, aerylonltrlle
4. benzene
5. benzldine
6. carbon tetrachlorlde
?. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trldilorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
II. 1,1,1-trlchloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dlchloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
5. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
. I. chloroethane
I-', bis(chloromethyl) ether
If. bls(2-chloroethyl) ether
\' . 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
2< . 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trlehlorophenol
22. parachlorumeta creaol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dlchlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dtchlorobenzene
.28. 3,3'-dlchlorobenzldlne
29. 1,1-dlchloroethylene
30, 1.2-trans-dlchloroethylena
31. 2,4-dTcKtorophenol
32. 1,2-dlchloropropane
33. 1,3-dlchloroprupylene
34. 2,4-dlmethylphenol
35. 2,4'dinitror.oluene
36. 2,6-dinltrotoluene
37. 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(n*AXa>
0.010
0.010
O.OJO
0.0 10
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concent ra-
tlon_(as/l)(b)
0.010
0,010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.0)0
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Nuinber of
St reams
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Ntnber of
Samples
Analyzed
5
9
9
9
5
9
9
5
5
9
9
5
9
9
9
9
9
5
9
5
3
3
9
3
5
5
5
5
9
9
3
9
9
3
5
5
5
Detected
Detected Below Belou Treat-
Quantification able Concen-
ND Concentration t rat ion
4 1
9
9
I 1
5
6
6 3
5
5
5
1
5
9
9
8 1
9
9
5
9
5
3
3
4
3
5
5
5
5
6
8
3
9
9
3
5
5
5
Detected
Above Treat'
able concen-
tration
7
3
4
2
5
3
1
cn
W
O
i
D
en
H
tr"
c
w
a
o
I
<
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY SILVER
RAW WASTEWATER
w
o
o
to
Pollutant
38. ethylberaene
39. fltioranthene
40. 4-chloniphenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bronwplienyl pheiiyl ether
42. bls(2-chlorolsoprcpyl) ether
43. bl8(2-chloroetho)ty) methane
44. methylene chloride
45. methyl chloride
46. methyl bromide
47. branoform
'18. dlchlorobromomethane
49. trlchlorofluoromethane
">0. dichloroJlfloororaethnnG
51. chlorodibromomethane
"..">',. hexachlorobutadlene
5J. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. Isqihorone
55. naphthalene
56, nitrobenzene
57, 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nltrophenol
59. 2,4-dlnltrophenol
60. 4,6-dlnttro-o-cresol
6t. H-nltrosodlinethylanlne
62, H-nltroaodlphenylamlne
63. N-nltrosodl-n-propylaralne
64. pcntachlorophcnol
65. phenol
66. blg(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-bulyl phthalate
69. dl-n-octyl plitlinl.ite
70. dlethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(n)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. 3,4-benzofliioranthene
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(rap,/l)(a)
o.oto
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.0 10
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.01(1
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concent ra-
tion (n«/l)(b;
0.0)0
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
Nwnber of
Streams
) Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
9
5
5
5
5
5
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
NO
3
5
5
5
5
5
6
9
9
8
9
9
9
8
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
3
3
3
I
2
4
5
5
5
Detected Below
Quantificatton
Concentration
Detected
Below Treat-
able Concen-
tration
Detected
Above Treat-
able Concen-
tration
OT
H
W
CO
C
W
n
s
w
o
o
C/l
a
n
I
<
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY SILVER
RAW WASTEWATER
Pollutant
75. benzoOOfluoranthene
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (c)
79. benzo(ghl)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (c)
82. (llbenzo(a.h)anthracene
83. ln5. delta-WC
1%. PCB-1242
107. PCB-1254
108. PCB-1221
109. PCB-1232
110. PCB-1248
111. PCB-1260
112. PCB-IOI6
(d)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(TO/I) (a)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Treatable
Concentra-
tion (l71R/l)(b)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Number of
Streams
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Hunter of
Samples
Analyzed
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
9
9
9
9
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
ND
5
5
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
3
2
5
9
5
3
2
3
3
5
5
5
5
3
4
3
5
4
3
4
5
it
Detected
Detected Below Below Treat-
OjjantlClcatlon able Concen-
Concentratlon tratlon
1
I
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
t>
Detected
Above Treat-
able Concen-
tration
1
it
5
3
1
1
CO
M
O
§
en
H
fj
o
>
(-3
tt
O
o
tt
o
(-3
I
<
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY SILVER
RAW WASTEWATER
m
o
o
NJ
-4
Pollutant
113. t0*apfi?ne
114. arjlnuy
115. a.-;«ikt
116. asbestos
117. beryllium
118. cadmlun
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
12?. thallium
128. zinc
129. 2.3.7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-
p-dloxin (TCDD)
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(ns/lXa)
0.005
0.100
o.oto
10 MR
0.010
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02 (f)
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.100
0.050
Treatable
Concentra-
tion (n«/l)(b:
0.010
0.47
0.34
fOtffL
0.20
0.49
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
Not Analyzed
Itefcer of
Streams
> Analyzed
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
Hunker of
Satqples
Analyzed
5
5
S
2
5
5
5
5
9
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
ND
3
2
I
5
1
|
1
2
2
3
Detected
Detected Below Below Treat-
Quantification aMe Concen-
Concentratlon t rat ion
2
3
1
*\ '
2
2
I
Detected
Abwe Treat-
able Concen-
tration
3
2
5
5
5
6
5
1
4
3
3
1
5
C.i) Analytical quantification concentration wag reported with the data (see Section V).
) Treatable concentrations are based on performance of lime precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration for toxic metal pollutants and activated
carbon adsorption for toxic organic pollutants.
,(d),(e) Reported together.
(f, Analytical quantification concentration for EPA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hater and Wastes, EPA-600/4-M-020,
Harch 1979.
K
m
H
i
Cfl
c
w
o
w
o
o
O
I
<
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
5. benzidine
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. DELETED
18. bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. parachlorometa cresol
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,3-dichloropropylene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene .
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
45. methyl chloride
46. methyl bromide
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. DELETED
50. DELETED
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2762
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT - VI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2764
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY, SECT - VII
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters from secondary
silver plants. This section summarizes the description of these
wastewaters and indicates the level of: treatment which is
currently practiced by the secondary silver subcategory for each
waste stream.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently being applied to each of the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed
in Section V, wastewater associated with the secondary silver
subcategory is characterized by the presence of the toxic metal
pollutants and suspended solids. (The raw (untreated) wastewater
data for specific sources as well as combined waste streams are
presented in Section V.) Generally, these pollutants are present
in each of the waste streams at concentrations above treatable
concentrations, so these waste streams are commonly combined for
treatment to reduce the concentrations of these pollutants.
Construction of one wastewater treatment system for combined
treatment allows plants to take advantage of economies of scale
and, in some instances, to combine streams of differing
alkalinity to reduce treatment chemical requirements. Twenty-two
plants in this subcategory currently have combined wastewater
treatment systems, five have lime precipitation and
sedimentation, two have lime precipitation, sedimentation and
filtration, and nine have lime precipitation and filtration. As
such, three options have been selected for consideration for BPT,
BAT, BDT, and pretreatment in this subcategory, based on combined
treatment of these compatible waste streams.
FILM STRIPPING
The film base (residue) resulting from the stripping of
photographic film can be screened and rinsed, producing
wastewater. One of the three plants with this process reported an
effluent, none of which is recycled. As discussed in Section V,
this wastewater should contain treatable concentrations of toxic
metals, oil and grease, cyanide, phenolics, and total suspended
solids. The one plant treats film stripping wastewater with
sedimentation, pH adjustment, a trickling filter, followed by an
activated sludge system.
FILM STRIPPING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION AND
FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
One of the three plants engaged in film stripping and
precipitation of film stripping solutions uses a wet scrubber to
2765
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
control air emissions. Toxic organics, toxic metals, phenolics,
total suspended solids, and cyanide should be present at
treatable concentrations. This plant practices 99+ percent
recycle of film stripping scrubber water. Treatment of the
wastewater consists of neutralization, flocculation, and
sedimentation, followed by polishing filtration.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
Depleted silver solutions from film stripping must be discarded
after precipitation. Four of five plants discharge this
wastewater. Toxic organics, toxic metals, total suspended
solids, phenolics, and cyanide should be present at treatable
concentrations. No plants reported recycling this wastewater.
Treatment at one plant consists of settling, pH adjustment,
trickling filtration, and an activated sludge system. Another
plant treats by neutralization with caustic soda or acidr
flocculation by polymer addition, and settling followed by
polishing filtration. Two plants discharge into municipal sewer
lines without treatment.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
Silver-free solutions are usually discarded after precipitation.
All seven plants precipitating photographic solutions produce
wastewater from this process. Treatable concentrations of
ammonia and toxic metals characterize this wastewater. Most
suspended solids will have been removed with the silver
precipitate during filtration. There are no plants that recycle
this wastewater. A number of treatment methods are applied
before this wastewater is discharged. They are:
1. Neutralization with limestone - one plant,
2. Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
3. Neutralization with caustic, sedimentation, and
filtration - one plant,
4. Settling, pH adjustment, trickling filter, and activated
sludge system - one plant,
5. No treatment - two plants, and
6. Contractor disposal - one plant.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL
Three plants use wet scrubbers on precipitation and filtration
processes. The wastewater characteristics are similar to
scrubber wastewater from film stripping precipitation because of
the similar materials and processes used. Toxic organics,
metalsr cyanide, and total suspended solids should be present in
this wastewater at treatable concentrations. One plant practices
complete recycle of silver solution scrubber water. The three
others practice partial recycle of the scrubber liquor (99+
percent). The following treatment schemes are currently in use
in the subcategory;
2766
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
1. 100 percent evaporation - one plant,
2. Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition,
sedimentation, and polishing filtration - one plant,
3. No treatment - one plant.
ELECTROLYTIC REPINING
Wastewater discharges from electrolytic refining consist of spent
electrolyte solution and water from washing the recovered silver.
Of the 15 plants having an electrolytic refining process, 13
discharge wastewater. This wastewater should contain treatable
concentrations of carbon tetrachloride, pyrene, bromoform,
benzene, and tetrachloroethylene. Toxic metals, ammonia,
cyanide, and total suspended solids are present above treatable
concentrations. One plant reported recycling the spent
electrolyte to a precipitation process. The following treatment
methods are currently practiced:
1. No treatment - three plants,
2. Neutralization with caustic - one plant,
3. Precipitation with sodium bicarbonate and sedimenta-
tion - one plant,
4. Contractor disposal - two plants,
5. Neutralization with caustic and sedimentation -
one plant,
6. Neutralization with caustic, flocculation with alum, and
sedimentation - one plant,
7. Zinc cementation to recover precious metals,
neutralization with caustic, polymer addition, and
pressure filtration - one plant,
8. Iron cementation to recover precious metals and pH
adjustment (chemical unspecified) - one plant,
9. Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
10. Iron cementation to recover precious metals,
neutralization with caustic and sedimentation - one
plant.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Air emission sources in secondary silver furnace operations are
incinerators, roasting and drying furnaces, and melting furnaces.
Nineteen secondary silver producers control air emissions, using
various methods. These are:
1. Baghouse - seven plants,
2. Dry electrostatic precipitator - three plants,
3. Afterburner - four plants,
4. Wet scrubber - eight plants (includes Venturi, wet
electrostatic precipitator, and spray type scrubbers),
5. Wet scrubber and baghouse - two plants,
6. Wet scrubber, afterburner and baghouse - two plants,
7. Afterburner and baghouse - one plant.
Total suspended solids should be present at treatable
concentrations in the wastewater produced by wet air pollution
2767
-------
SECONDARY SILVER -SUBCATEGORY SECT -VII
control. Six plants producing this wastewater practice complete
recycle or evaporation. Two others practice partial recycle (>99
percent). Treatment methods used are:
1. No treatment - five plantsf
2. 100 percent evaporation - one plant,
3. Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
sulfide or calcium chloride, flocculation with polymer,
and sedimentation - one plant,
4. Contractor disposal - one plant.
5. Neutralization with caustic, filtration, evaporation and
complete recycle - one plant.
6. Complete recycle-mechanism not reported - two plants.
LEACHING
Of the 13 nonphotographic silver plants that leach, 11 produce
wastewater. This wastewater should contain treatable
concentrations of toxic organics and metals, ammonia, cyanide,
phenolics, and suspended solids. One plant recovers precious
metals from the waste by electrolysis.. Wastewater treatment
methods used are:
1. Neutralization with caustic, filtration, and ion
exchange - one plant,
2. Neutralization with lime, polymer addition, and sedi-
mentation - one plant,
3. Contractor disposal - two plants,
4. Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
sulfide, or calcium chloride, followed by flocculation
with polymer and sedimentation - one plant,
5. Evaporation - one plant,
6. No treatment - one plant.
LEACHING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION OP
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
All 13 plants that leach nonphotographic materials reported air
emissions controls. Devices commonly used are packed bed, spray
tower, and venturi scrubbers. This wastewater contains treatable
concentrations of toxic metals and total suspended solids. Three
plants practice complete recycle of the scrubber water. Seven
other plants recycle from 65 to 99+ percent. Treatment methods
used consist of;
1. Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
sulfide, or calcium chloride, followed by flocculation
with polymer and sedimentation - one plant,
2. Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition,
sedimentation, and polishing filtration - one plant,
3. Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition, and
sedimentation - one plant,
4. Neutralization in a limestone bed - one plant,
5. Iron cementation and pH adjustment (chemical
unspecified) - one plant,
2768
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
6. Neutralization with caustic - one plant,
7. Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
8. Evaporation - one plant,
9. Contractor disposal - one plant,
10. No treatment - three plants.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OP NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
All 27 of the silver plants with this process produce wastewater.
This wastewater should contain toxic organies, toxic metals,
ammonia, cyanide, phenolics, and total suspended solids. No
plants reported recycling this waste stream. Treatment methods
for this wastewater consist of;
1. Neutralization and precipitation with caustic, sodium
sulfide, or calcium chloride, followed by flocculation
with polymer and sedimentation - one plant,
2. Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition,
sedimentation, and polishing filtration - one plant,
3. Neutralization with caustic and sedimentation - two
plants,
4. Neutralization with caustic, polymer addition, and
sedimentation - one plant,
5. Neutralization with caustic and filtration - one plant,
6. Contractor disposal - three plants,
7. Neutralization with caustic - four plants,
8. Liiue precipitation, polymer addition, and sedimenta-
tion - two plants,
9. Zinc cementation, caustic neutralization, polymer
addition, sedimentation, and pressure filtration - one
plant,
10. Chlorine addition and neutralization with caustic - one
plant,
11. pH adjustment (chemical unspecified) - one plant,
12. Neutralization with limestone - two plants,
13. Chlorination, lime precipitation, sodium sulfide
precipitation, and sedimentation - one plant,
14. Caustic and ammonia addition, sedimentation, and
filtration - one plant,
15. Sodium hydrosulfite and caustic addition, recycle of
sludge to process, ion exchange, pH adjustment with
sulfuric acid - one plant,
1.6. Neutralization with caustic, flocculation with alum,
and sedimentation - one plant,
17. Iron cementation and pH adjustment (chemical
unspecified) - one plant,
18. Iron cementation, neutralization with caustic, and
sedimentation - one plant,
19. No treatment - two plants.
FLOOR AND EQUIPMENT WASHDOWN
Many plants wash equipment and floors to recover silver values
that may be contained in accidental leaks and spills of process
solutions. Data on treatment of floor wash water were not
2769
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT - VII
generally available in the data collection portfolios. However,
some plants practice cementation to recover the precious metals
before discharging the wastewater to POTW or central treatment.
This wastewater contains treatable concentration of toxic metals
and total suspended solids. As described above, central
treatment usually consists of neutralization with lime or caustic
and sedimentation. Eleven plants use filtration either after
sedimentation or as a solids removal step to replace
sedimentation.
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
Based on an examination of the wastewater sampling data, three
control and treatment technologies that effectively control the
pollutants found in secondary silver wastewaters were evaluated
after proposal. These technology options are discussed below.
The effectiveness of these technologies is presented in Section
VII of the General Development Document.
Other treatment technologies included activated alumina
adsorption (Option D) and reverse osmosis (Option F). Although
these technologies are theoretically applicable to wastewaters
generated in the secondary silver subcategory, they were not
selected for evaluation because they are not demonstrated in the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category, nor are they clearly
transferable.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary silver subcategory requires treatment
technologies to reduce pollutant mass. The Option A treatment
scheme consists of ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment
applied to precipitation and filtration of photographic
solutions. Preliminary treatment is followed by lime and settle
(chemical precipitation and sedimentation) applied to the
combined stream steam stripper effluent and the combined stream
of all other wastewater. Complete recycle of treated floor and
equipment washdown wastewater is also included. Chemical
precipitation is used to remove metals by the addition of lime
followed by gravity sedimentation. Suspended solids are also
removed from the process.
OPTION B
Option B for the secondary silver subcategory consists of the
ammonia steam stripping, lime precipitation, and sedimentation
technology considered in Option A plus control technologies to
reduce the discharge of wastewater volume. Complete recycle of
treated floor and equipment washdown wastewater is also included.
Water recycle and reuse of scrubber water is the principal
control mechanism for additional flow reduction.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary silver subcategory consists of the
2770
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
*•>",
ammonia steam stripping, in-process flow reduction, lime
precipitation, and sedimentation technology considered in Option
B plus multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the
Option B treatment scheme. Complete recycle of treated floor and
equipment washdown wastewater is also included. Multimedia
filtration is used to remove suspended solids, including
precipitates of metals, beyond the concentration attainable by
gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the gravity,
mixed media type, although other forms of filters such as rapid
sand filters or pressure filters would perform satisfactorily.
The addition of filters also provides consistent removal during
periods in which there are rapid increases in flows or loadings
of pollutants to the treatment system.
An additional treatment technology was considered prior to
proposing effluent limitations for this subcategory as discussed
below. Activated carbon adsorption was rejected because it is
not necessary since toxic organic pollutants are not selected for
limitation in this subcategory. (Refer to discussion of
regulated pollutant parameters in Section X.)
OPTION E
Option E for the secondary silver subcategory consisted of the
ammonia steam stripping, in-process flow reduction, lime
precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia filtration
technology considered in Option C with the addition of granular
activated carbon technology at the end of the Option C treatment
scheme. The activated carbon process is utilized to control the
discharge of toxic organics.
2771
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATiGORY SECT - VII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2772
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY" ASPECTS
This section describes the method used to develop the costs
associated with the control and treatment technologies discussed
in Section VII for wastewaters from secondary silver plants. The
energy requirements of the considered options as well as solid
waste and air pollution aspects are also discussed.
As discussed in Section VII, three control and treatment options
have been developed for the secondary silver subcategory. The
options are summarized below and schematically presented in
Figures X-l through X-3 (pages 2818 - 2820).
OPTION A
Option A requires preliminary ammonia steam stripping treatment,
and end-of-pipe technology consisting of lime precipitation,
sedimentation, and complete recycle of treated floor and
equipment washdown wastewater. The stream that will require
ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment is precipitation
and filtration of photographic solutions wastewater.
OPTION B
Option B requires in-process flow reduction measures, preliminary
ammonia steam stripping treatment, and end-of-pipe treatment
technology consisting of lime precipitation, sedimentation, and
complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown wastewater. The
in-process flow reduction measures consist of the recycle of wet
air pollution control water through holding tanks.
OPTION C
Option C requires the in-process flow reduction measures of
Option B, preliminary ammonia steam stripping treatment, and end-
of-pipe treatment technology consisting of lime precipitation,
sedimentation, complete recycle of treated floor and equipment
washdown wastewater, and multimedia filtration.
A detailed discussion of the methodology used to develop the
compliance costs is presented in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. , Plant-by-plant compliance costs have been
estimated for the nonferrous metals manufacturing category and
are presented in the administrative record supporting this
regulation. A comparison of the costs developed for proposal and
the revised costs for the final regulation are presented in
Tables VIII-1 and VIII-2 (page 2776) for the direct and indirect
dischargers, respectively.
Each of the major assumptions used to develop compliance costs is
presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. However, each subcategory
2773
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
contains a unique set of waste streams requiring certain
subcategory-specific assumptions to develop compliance costs.
Six major assumptions are discussed briefly below.
(1) Since 23 of the plants whose compliance costs were
estimated overlap with other nonferrous manufacturing
subcategories or categories, costs are apportioned to
each subcategory on a flow-weighted basis.
(2) Although a discharge allowance for floor wash is not
necessary, a flow of 1 liter of floor wash per troy
ounce is used for cost estimation purposes for each
plant on the basis of total production of all precious
metals (including silver) that results in precipitation
and filtration wastewater. Since acceptable floor wash
water may be obtained from recycling treated
wastewater, costs are estimated for a holding tank
after chemical precipitation and settling to recycle
water for floor wash use under all options.
(3) Sodium hydroxide addition was used throughout the
secondary silver subcategory in estimating costs for
chemical precipitation since it is likely that most
plants will recycle treatment plant sludges for
additional metal recovery.
(4) When a plant reported recycle of treatment plant
sludges, capital and annual costs for sludge handling
(vacuum filtration and contract hauling) are not
included. Where the sludge disposal method is reported
as contract hauling, or is unknown, contract hauling
costs are included assuming nonhazardous disposal.
(5) Recycle of air pollution control scrubber liquor is
based on recycle through holding tanks. Annual costs
associated with maintenance and sludge disposal are
included in the estimated compliance costs. If a plant
currently recycles scrubber liquor, capital costs of
the recycle equipment (piping, pumps, and holding
tanks) were not included in the compliance costs.
(6) Costs for ammonia removal for streams with flow rates
below 50 liters per hour (none of- which are air
pollution streams) are estimated using an air stripping
system. Ammonia steam stripping is not considered
feasible due to insufficient hydraulic loading in the
stripping column (given the minimum column diameter of
2 feet used in cost estimation).
The chemical precipitation tank is used for the air
stripping operation. Chemical precipitation is always
operated in the "low flow" batch treatment mode with a
five day holdup due to the low flow rate (see the
discussion on chemical precipitation in Section VIII of
the General Development Document for a description of
2774
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
**
the "low flow" batch treatment mode). An air sparger
is incorporated into the reactor tank. The influent is
sparged while the tank fills with wastewater, i.e.,
over the entire five day holdup period. A hood is
placed over the tank to capture any ammonia-laden
vapors.
Direct capital costs for the ammonia air stripping
system include a blower, a sparger system, and a
ventilation hood. Direct annual costs are assumed to
consist solely of blower operation and maintenance
costs. These are assumed to be 5 percent of the blower
capital cost.
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
A general discussion of the nonwater quality aspects of the
control and treatment options considered for the nonferrous
metals category is contained in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Nonwater quality impacts specific to the
secondary silver subcategory including energy requirements, solid
waste, and air pollution are discussed below:
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
The methodology used for determining the energy requirements for
the various options is discussed in Section VIII of Vol. I.
Energy requirements for the three options considered are
estimated at 0.88 mwh/yr, 0.88 mwh/yr, and 0.93 mwh/yr for
Options A, B, and C respectively. Option C represents roughly
eight percent of a typical plant's electrical usage. It is
therefore concluded that the energy requirements of the treatment
options considered will have no significant impact on total plant
energy consumption.
SOLID WASTES
Sludges associated with the secondary silver subcategory will
necessarily contain additional quantities (and concentrations) of
toxic metal pollutants* Wastes generated by secondary metals
industries can be regulated as hazardous. However, the Agency
examined the solid wastes that would be generated at secondary
nonferrous metals manufacturing plants by the suggested treatment
technologies and believes they are not hazardous wastes under the
Agency's regulations implementing Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. None of these wastes are listed
specifically as hazardous. Nor are they likely to exhibit a
characteristic of hazardous waste. This judgment is made based
on the recommended technology of lime precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration. By the addition of excess lime
during treatment, similar sludges, specifically toxic metal
bearing sludges, generated by other industries such as the iron
and steel industry, passed the Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity
test. See 40 CPR 8261.24. Thus, the Agency believes that the
2775
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
waste water sludges will similarly not be EP toxic if the
recommended technology is applied.
Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result of these guidelines are not expected to be hazardous,
generators of these wastes must test the waste to determine if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste
(see 40 CPR 262.11).
If these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA's "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point of generation to point of final disposition. EPA's
generator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals..manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the.movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR 262.20 45 PR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 PR 86973 (December 31, 1980). The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous wastes
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR 263.20 45 PR 33151
(May 19, 1980), as amended at 45 PR 86973 (December 31, 1980).
Finally, RCRA regulations establish standards for hazardous waste
treatment, storage, and disposal facilities allowed to receive
such wastes. See 40 CFR Part 464 46 FR 2802 (January 12, 1981),
47 PR 32274 (July 26, 1982).
Even if these wastes were not identified as hazardous, they still
must be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open
dumping standards, implementing 4004 of RCRA. See 44 PR 53438
(September 13, 1979). The Agency has calculated as part of the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and disposing
of these wastes. The Agency estimates implementation of lime and
settle technology will generate approximately 2,900 tons per year
of wastewater treatment sludge. Multimedia filtration technology
will not generate any significant amount of sludge over that
resulting from lime precipitation.
AIR POLLUTION
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problem will result from implementation of ammonia steam
stripping, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration. These technologies transfer pollutants to solid
waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.
At three secondary silver plants, streams with treatable
concentrations of ammonia having flows less than 50 1/hr were
treated with air stripping for design and cost determination.
None of the waste streams were air pollution control streams.
The air stripping is accomplished by aeration and agitation in
2776
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT '- VIII
the chemical precipitation batch tank, which includes a
ventilation hood. Air stripping is not a model treatment
technology because it simply transfers the ammonia from one
medium to another, whereas steam stripping allows for ammonia
recovery, and if desired, reuse. Air stripping was used in
costing instead of steam stripping because at such low flow,
continuous operation of steam strippers is not possible.
Therefore, the treatable concentration for ammonia would be
difficult to attain. The Agency does not believe that under
these circumstances (low flow, non-air pollution control streams)
that air stripping will create an air quality problem.
2777
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VIII
TABLE VIII-1
COST OP COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Proposal
Promulgation
Option
A
B
C
Capital Cost
169000
250000
280000
Annual Cost
357000
379000
469000
Capital Cost
110000
110000
278000
Annual Cost
309000
309000
390000
TABLE VIII-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
Proposal
Promulgation
Option
A
B
C
Capital Cost
1066000
1400000
1549000
Annual Cost
1233000
1302000
1454000
Capital Cost
596000
577000
534000
Annual Cost
381000
385000
422000
2778
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT). BPT reflects the existing performance
by plants of various sizes, ages, and manufacturing processes
within the secondary silver subcategory, as well as the
established performance of the recommended BPT systems.
Particular consideration is given to the treatment already in
place at plants within the data base.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the manufacturing processes employed,
nonwater quality environmental impacts (including energy
requirements), and other factors the Administrator considers
appropriate. In general, the BPT level represents the average of
the existing performances of plants of various ages, sizes,
processes, or other common characteristics. Where existing
performance is uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from
a different subcategory or category. Limitations based on
transfer of technology are supported by a rationale concluding
that the technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable
prediction that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed
effluent limits. BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather than
process changes or internal controls, except where such practices
are common within the subcategory.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the nonferrous metals manufacturing category
to identify the processes used, the wastewaters generated, and
the treatment processes installed. information was collected
from industry using data collection portfolios, and specific
plants were sampled and the wastewaters analyzed. Some of the
factors which must be considered in establishing effluent
limitations based on BPT have already been discussed. The age of
equipment and facilities, processes used, and raw materials were
taken into account in subcategorization and subdivision and are
discussed fully in Section IV. Nonwater quality impacts and
energy requirements are considered in Section VIII.
As explained in Section IV, the secondary silver subcategory has
been subdivided into 11 potential wastewater sources. Since the
water use, discharge rates, and pollutant characteristics of each
of these wastewaters is potentially unique, effluent limitations
will be developed for each of the 11 subdivisions.
2779
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
FOJ.' each of the subdivisions, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. To account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant, a unit of
production or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was
determined for eaeh waste stream which could then be related to
the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
in Section IV. Each process within the subcategory was then
analyzed to determine (1) whether or not operations included
generated wastewater, (2) specific flow rates generated, and (3)
the specific production normalized flows for each process. This
analysis is discussed in detail in Section V. Nonprocess
wastewater, such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water,
is not considered in the analysis.
Normalized flows were analyzed to determine which flow was to be
used as part of the basis for BPT mass limitations. The selected
flow (sometimes referred to as a BPT regulatory flow or BPT
discharge rate) reflects the water use controls which are common
prcotices within the subcategory. The BPT normalized flow is
based on the average of all applicable data. Plants with
normalized flows above the average may have to implement some
method, of flow reduction to achieve the BPT limitations. In most
cases, this will involve improving housekeeping practices, better
maintenance to limit water leakage, or reducing excess flow by
turning down a flow valve. It is not believed that these
modifications would incur any costs for the plants.
For the development of effluent limitations, mass limitations
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision. This
calculation was made on a stream-by-stream basis, primarily
because plants in this category may perform one or more of the
operations in various combinations. The mass limitations
(milligrams of pollutant per troy ounce of production unit -
mg/troy ounce) were calculated by multiplying the BPT normalized
flow (1/troy ounce) by the achievable treatment concentrations
using the BPT treatment system (mg/1) for each pollutant
parameter to be limited under BPT.
The mass limitations which are allowed under BPT for each plant
will be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
wastewater sources which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly, all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at secondary silver plants.
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as- a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/troy ounce) is a
link between the production operations and the effluent
2780
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
limitations. The pollutant discharge attributable to each
operation can be calculated from the normalized flow and effluent
concentration achievable by the treatment technology and summed
to derive an appropriate limitation for each subcategory.
BPT effluent limitations are based on the average of the
discharge flow rates for each source; consequently, the treatment
technologies which are currently used by the lowest dischargers
will be the treatment technologies most likely required to meet
BPT guidelines. Section VII discusses the various treatment
technologies which are currently in place for each wastewater
source. In most cases, the current treatment technologies
consist of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle technology) and a combination of reuse and recycle to
reduce flow. Ammonia steam stripping is added to streams
containing treatable concentrations of ammonia.
The overall effectiveness of end-of-pipe treatment for the
removal of wastewater pollutants is improved by the application
of water flow controls within the process to limit the volume of
wastewater requiring treatment. The controls or in-process
technologies recommended under BPT include only those measures
which are commonly practiced within the subcategory and which
reduce flows to meet the production nojrmalized flow for each
operation.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
In balancing costs in relation to effluent removal estimates, EPA
considers the volume and nature of existing discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges expected after application of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost and economic impacts of the required pollution control
level. The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality problems attributable to particular point sources or
industries, or water quality improvements in particular water
quality bodies. Accordingly, water quality considerations were
not the basis for selecting the proposed BPT. See Weyerhaeuser
Company v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).
The methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates and
plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X. Table X-2
(page 2819) shows the estimated pollutant removal estimates for
each treatment option for direct dischargers. Compliance costs
are presented in Table VIII-1 (page 2818) for direct dischargers.
BPT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
The proposed best practicable technology consisted of chemical
precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle technology) with
ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment of wastewaters
containing treatable concentrations of ammonia. The best
practicable technology is presented schematically in Figure IX-1
(page 2797) of this supplement.
2781
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SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT - IX
Ammonia steam stripping is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals
manufacturing category. Two plants in the primary columbium-
tantalum subcategory and three plants in the primary tungsten
subcategory reported steam stripping in-plaee.
EPA believes that performance data from the iron and steel
manufacturing category provide a valid measure of this
technology's performance on nonferrous metals manufacturing
category wastewater because raw wastewater concentrations of
ammonia are of the same order of magnitude in the respective raw
wastewater matrices. A detailed discussion of this technology
transfer is found in Section vii of Vol. I.
Chemical analysis data were collected of raw waste (treatment
influent) and treated waste (treatment effluent) from one coke
plant of the iron and steel manufacturing category. A contractor
for EPA, using EPA sampling and chemical analysis protocols,
collected data paired samples in a two-month period. These data
are the data base for determining the effectiveness of ammonia
steam stripping technology and are contained within the public
record supporting this document. Ammonia treatment at this coke
plant consisted of two steam stripping columns in series with
steam injected countercurrently to the flow of the wastewater.
A lime reactor for pH adjustment separated the two stripping
columns.
The raw untreated wastewater samples from the coke facility
contained ammonia concentrations of 599, 226, 819, 502, 984, and
797 mg/1. Raw untreated wastewater samples from the secondary
silver subcategory contained ammonia concentrations of 1,202 and
4,630 mg/1.
BPT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating BPT limitations for the secondary silver
subcategory based on lime precipitation and sedimentation to
remove toxic metals, control pH, and remove TSS and pretreatment
with steam stripping to reduce ammonia concentrations. Complete
recycle of treated floor and equipment washdown wastewater is
also included. The end-of-pipe treatment technology basis for
the BPT limitations being promulgated is the same as that for the
proposed limitations. Lime and settle treatment technology is
currently in place at five direct discharging facilities.
The Agency has collected data on secondary precious metals
facilities through data collection portfolios (dcp) so that it
may propose mass limitations for the secondary precious metals
subcategory. Many of the plants in the subcategory overlap with
the secondary silver subcategory. Review of these dcp, and the
dcp collected only for the secondary silver subcategory, has led
the Agency to revise the regulatory flows. Accordingly, the
wastewater streams from film stripping wet air pollution control
and precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions wet
air pollution control have been combined into one building block.
Leaching wet air pollution control and precipitation of
2782
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control wastewater
sources have also been combined into one building block. In
addition, the mass limitations proposed for casting contact
cooling water and casting wet air pollution control have been
eliminated. Analytical data collected at a secondary precious
metals plant, demonstrate casting contact cooling water is not
sufficiently contaminated to warrant treatment. Casting wet air
pollution control limitations have been eliminated because the
Agency believes this limitation is duplicated by the furnace wet
air pollution control limitations (these operations are
identical). A flow allowance is not provided for floor and
equipment washdown based on reuse of recycled treatment effluent
as facility washdown water. In developing compliance cost
estimates, the Agency sized treatment equipment to allow for this
flow.
The Agency has verified the proposed steam stripping performance
values using steam stripping data collected at a zirconium-
hafnium plant. Data collected by the plant represent almost two
years of daily operations and support the long-term mean and
variability used to establish treatment effectiveness.
Several comments were received {although none were from secondary
silver plants) stating that ammonia steam stripping performance
data transferred from the iron and steel category are not
appropriate for the nonferrous metals manufacturing category.
Many of the commenters believe plugging of the column due to
precipitates will severely affect their ability to achieve the
promulgated steam stripping performance values. In developing
compliance costs, the Agency designed the steam stripping module
to allow for a weekly acid cleaning to reduce plugging problems.
Through special information requests, the Agency attempted to
gather data at plants which stated they could not achieve the
proposed limits. However, very little data were submitted to
support their claims or document column performance. Therefore,
the Agency has retained the proposed performance, which has been
validated with steam stripping data from a zirconium-hafnium
facility.
The promulgated BPT will result in the removal of an estimated
30,870 kg of toxic pollutants, 664,000 kg of ammonia, and 7,750
kg of TSS per year from raw discharge levels. The estimated
capital investment cost of BPT is $110,000 (March, 1982 dollars)
and the estimated annual cost is $309,000 (March, 1982 dollars).
These costs represent wastewater treatment equipment .not
currently in place.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the average of the flows of the existing plants, as determined
from analysis of the dcp. The discharge rate is used with the
achievable treatment concentration to determine BPT effluent
limitations. Since the discharge rate may be different for each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
2783
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
for each • of the 11 wastewater sources are discussed below and
summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2789). The discharge rates are
normalized on a production basis by relating the amount of
wastewater generated to the mass of the intermediate product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste stream
in question. These production normalizing parameters, or PNPs,
are also listed in Table IX-1.
Section V of this supplement further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents the water use and discharge flow rates for
each plant by subdivision.
COLLECTION OF NEW DATA
In the proposed development document, separate subdivisions were
identified for precipitation and filtration of film stripping
solutions wet air pollution controlr casting contact cooling
water, casting wet air pollution control, and precipitation and
filtration of nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution
control. Based on new data gathered from secondary precious
metals dcp and sampling efforts and re-evaluation of existing
data, these subdivisions were either combined with other
subdivisions or deleted. A subdivision for floor and equipment
washdown was added.
Although flow and production data were collected from secondary
precious metals dcp in the nonferrous metals manufacturing
category, these data were not used to modify the proposed
regulatory flow allowances. The new data support the proposed
flow allowances and the Agency did not receive any comments
suggesting that the allowances should be revised. The new flow
data are included in the water use and discharge tables in
Section V. Wastewater discharge allowances for the 11
subdivisions of the secondary silver subcategory are discussed
below.
The regulatory flow allowance at proposal for casting contact
cooling water has been eliminated. Analytical data collected at
a secondary precious metals plant demonstrate casting contact
cooling water is not sufficiently contaminated to require
treatment. However, it is possible that toxic pollutants may be
present in larger concentrations at any individual plant than the
Agency's sampling data indicate. Therefore, the permitting or
controlling authority should check for the presence of toxic
pollutants on a case-by-case basis and determine if they require
treatment.
FILM STRIPPING
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for film stripping
was 50.35 1/troy ounce of silver produced from film stripping.
At proposal, three plants reported wastewater discharges from
film stripping, but the dcp data provided by two plants were
insufficient to calculate discharge rates. Therefore, the
discharge rate from one plant was used.
2784
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
The BPT wastewater discharge rate is 50.35 1/troy ounce of silver
produced from film stripping. The /gency received no new data
for this waste stream after proposal. Therefore, the flow
allowance is promulgated as proposed.,
FILM STRIPPING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION AND
FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for film stripping
wet air pollution control was 0.485 1/troy ounce of silver
produced from film stripping, based on 99 percent recycle. This
rate was allocated only for plants practicing wet air pollution
control for film stripping. One plant reported this wastewater,
recycling 99+ percent. This plant used the same scrubber to
control air emissions from film stripping and film stripping
precipitation.
The BPT wastewater discharge allowance for film stripping and
precipitation of film stripping solutions wet air pollution
control is 0.97 1/troy ounce of silver produced from
precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions.
Because the one plant tnat uses a wet scrubber on film stripping
also uses the same scrubber on the precipitation of film
stripping solutions, the Agency believes only one allowance is
necessary. This allowance is based on 99 percent recycle of the
water use at the one plant.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF FILM STRIPPING SOLUTIONS
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for film stripping
precipitation and filtration waste streams was 50.57 1/troy ounce
of silver precipitated. Of the six plants with this process,
four reported producing wastewater. The proposed BPT rate was
based on the average discharge rate of two plants, which
generated 112.7 and 2.31 1/troy ounce. A thi -d plant reported
insufficient data to calculate the discharge rate. Another plant
reported this waste stream as a combination of photographic and
nonphotographic wastewater; therefore, this plant also was
omitted from the calculation.
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at promulgation for
precipitation and filtration of film stripping solutions is 57.57
1/troy ounce of silver precipitated. Since proposal, data from
plant 74 were clarified and a flow was attributed to
precipitation of photographic film. The discharge rate at this
plant is below the proposed allowance. The Agency received no
new data or comments suggesting that the proposed allowance
should be changed. Water use and wastewater discharge rates are
presented in Table V-3 (page 2718).
2785
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for the
precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions was 26.6
1/troy ounce of silver precipitated. Of the 15 plants reporting
this process at proposal, nine discharged wastewater. Four
plants did not provide sufficient data to calculate discharge
rates. The discharge rates for the five other plants ranged from
1.6 to 89.9 1/troy ounce. The proposed BPT rate was based on the
average of the discharge rates of these five plants.
The BPT wastewater discharge rate is 26.6 1/troy ounce of silver
precipitated. This is equivalent to the proposed allowance.
Data from plant 74, which precipitates silver from solutions
resulting from photographic sludges, were added since proposal.
However, these data support the proposed allowance. The Agency
received no new data demonstrating that the proposed allowance
should be changed. The distribution of wastewater discharge
rates is presented in Table V-4 (page 2719).
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for precipitation
and filtration of photographic solutions wet air pollution
control was 12.14 1/troy ounce of silver precipitated. This rate
was allocated only to plants having wet air pollution control for
precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions. Of the
15 plants that reported this process at proposal, four used wet
air pollution control devices. Three of the four plants did not
report sufficient production data to calculate a discharge rate
for this waste stream, although sufficient data were reported to
determine recycle practices. One of the four plants achieved
zero discharge of this waste stream through complete recycle,
while two plants practiced 99 percent recycle or greater. The
fourth plant recycled 68 percent of its precipitation and
filtration of photographic solutions wet air pollution control
water. Thus, extensive recycle is possible for this wastewater
stream. However, zero discharge may not be technically feasible
unless a recycle system controls dissolved solids buildup, the
wastewater is evaporated, or this wastewater can be reused in
another production operation that can accept water of this
quality. Some of these zero-discharge possibilities are site-
specific and, therefore, are not applicable to all secondary
silver pollutants that generate this wastewater. Therefore, a
BPT wastewater discharge rate was allocated for precipitation and
filtration of photographic solutions wet air pollution control.
This discharge rate was based on 99 percent recycle of the water
used for precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
wet air pollution control at the only plant for which a discharge
rate could be determined. In the absence of other data, the
Agency normally bases limits on 90 percent recycle of scrubber
discharges; however, the plant that the discharge rate was based
on recycled 99.9 percent of this wastewater, and two other plants
practiced 99 and 100 percent recycle. Thus 99 percent recycle
2786
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SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
represented current subcategory practices for precipitation and
filtration of photographic solutions wet air pollution control
water.
The BPT wastewater discharge rate for precipitation and
filtration of photographic solutions wet air pollution control is
12.14 1/troy ounce of silver precipitated. This is equivalent to
the proposed allowance. Data from plant 74 were added since
proposal. However/ the scrubber at this plant is used over the
film stripping and film stripping precipitation operations as
well as the precipitation of photographic: solutions process. For
this reason, it was not considered representative of this
subdivision and was not used to revise the regulatory allowance.
The Agency received no new data demonstrating that the proposed
flow allowance should be revised. Water use and wastewater
discharge rates are presented in Table V-6 (page 2722).
ELECTROLYTIC REFINING
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for electrolytic
refining was 0.76 1/troy ounce of silver refined. Of the 20
plants reporting electrolytic refining operations at proposal/ 12
produced wastewater. Four plants reported insufficient data to
calculate discharge rates. Data from seven plants/ with
discharge rates ranging from 0.068 to 1.97 1/troy ounce were used
to calculate the BPT rate. Only one plant practiced recycle of
this wastewater and achieved zero discharge by 100 percent reuse.
The promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for electrolytic
refining ia 0.76 1/troy ounce of silver refined. Thia ia
equivalent to the proposed allowance. New data received by the
Agency after proposal support this allowance. The Agency
believes there is no reason to change the proposed allowance
based on the data received. The water use and discharge rates
are presented in Table V-7 (page 2723).
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for the furnace air
wet scrubbing stream was 0.67 1/troy ounce of silver smelted,
roasted/ or dried. This rate was allocated only for plants
practicing wet air pollution control for furnace emissions.
Emissions from furnace operations are controlled by dry or wet
control devices. Common dry methods involve baghouses or dry
electrostatic precipitators. Wet devices include packed bed,
spray, and Venturi scrubbers,. and wet electrostatic
precipitators. Of the 19 plants reporting furnace air pollution
control at proposal, 11 produced waste streams. Seven of the
eleven plants achieved zero discharge through 100 percent
recycle. Two of the four plants that discharged this waste
stream practiced 99 percent recycle or greater, while one plant
used a once-through operation. The remaining plant did not
report production or wastewater flow data for this waste stream.
The proposed BPT discharge rate was based on 99 percent recycle
of the average water use at the three plants for which discharge
2787
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
rates were determined. The 99 percent recycle basis represented
current subcategory practices since nine of the eleven plants
that produced this waste stream recycled 99 percent or greater.
The BPT wastewater discharge rate for furnace wet air pollution
control is 0.67 1/troy ounce of silver smelted, roasted, or
dried. This is equivalent to the proposed BPT allowance. The
Agency received new data from one plant with this waste stream.
These data support the proposed allowance. The water use and
wastewater discharge rates are shown in Table V-9 (page 2732).
There are no new data demonstrating that proposed allowances
should be changed. This allowance also includes the casting wet
air pollution control allowance which was proposed. These two
operations were identical and two allowances are not justified.
Plants having smelting furnaces and casting furnaces use the same
scrubber on both operations (e.g., plant 553),
LEACHING
The BPT discharge rate at proposal for plants with
nonphotographic leaching processes was 0.086 1/troy ounce of
silver produced from leaching. Of the 15 plants using this
process at proposal, 12 discharged wastewater. Six plants
supplied sufficient information to calculate discharge rates.
Three plants with once-through discharge had rates ranging from
0.068 to 0.11 1/troy ounce. The proposed BPT rate was an average
of the discharge from these three plants. Three other once-
through dischargers reported rates ranging from 2.7 to 635.2
1/troy ounce. The rates from these three plants were omitted
from the BPT rate calculation because there was no reason to
believe that water is needed in these amounts, in light of rates
from the other plants.
The BPT wastewater discharge rate for leaching is 0.086 1/troy
ounce of silver produced from leaching. This is equivalent to
the proposed allowance. Since proposal it was determined that
the wastewater reported at plant 549 for leaching was actually
precipitation of nonphotographic solutions wastewater. This did
not affect the regulatory flow because this plant was not used to
calculate the proposed allowance. Data from a plant received
after proposal support the proposed allowance. The distribution
of wastewater discharge rates is shown in Table V-10 (page 2733).
The Agency received no data demonstrating that the proposed
allowances should be revised.
LEACHING WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND PRECIPITATION OF
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for nonphotographic
leaching wet scrubbing was 4.43 1/troy ounce of silver produced
from leaching. This rate was allocated only for plants using wet
air pollution control on leaching processes. At proposal, three
plants achieved zero discharge through 100 percent recycle or
reuse. The recycle in seven additional plants ranged from 65 to
994- percent, four of those using at least 99 percent. Some of
2788
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
the zero discharge possibilities were site-specific and are not
applicable on a nationwide basis. The proposed BPT discharge
rate was based on the average of five plants with discharge rates
ranging from 0.014 to 11.3 1/troy ounce. Insufficient data to
calculate a discharge rate were reported from three of the eight
discharging plants.
The BPT wastewater discharge allowance is 4.43 1/troy ounce of
silver produced from leaching or silver precipitated. This is
equivalent to the proposed allowance. This allowance also
replaces the proposed allowance for precipitation of
nonphotographic solutions wet air pollution control. The Agency
determined that the same scrubbers were used over both processes
(leaching and precipitation) and two allowances were not
justified. Water use and wastewater discharge rates are
presented in Table V-ll (page 2734). The Agency received no new
data demonstrating that the proposed allowance should be revised.
The one plant submitting data for this scrubber subsequent to
proposal practices 100 percent recycle.
PRECIPITATION AND FILTRATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC SOLUTIONS
The BPT wastewater discharge rate at proposal for nonphotographic
precipitation and filtration was 3.07 1/troy ounce of silver
precipitated. Of the nine plants using this process at proposal,
two produced no wastewater. Three plants supplied insufficient
information to calculate discharge rates. Four plants were once-
through dischargers with rates ranging from 0.42 to 78.6 1/troy
ounce. The proposed BPT discharge rate was based on the average
discharge rate of three of these plants. The plant with the 78.6
1/troy ounce rate was not considered in the average because this
discharge rate was nearly ten times that of the next highest
plant.
The BPT wastewater discharge allowance at promulgation is 3.07
1/troy ounce of silver precipitated. This is equivalent to the
proposed allowance. The Agency received revised or new data from
18 plants. The water use and wastewater discharge rates are
presented in Table V-12 (page 2735). After excessive water users
are discarded, the data support the proposed allowance. The
Agency believes there is no reason to revise the proposed
allowance.
FLOOR AND EQOIPMENT WASHDOWN
No BPT wastewater discharge allowance will be provided for floor
and equipment washdown. Many plants generate this wastewater
while recovering silver contained in spills and leaks of process
solutions. Plants usually precipitate the silver by cementation
before discharging the wastewater. The Agency believes that this
wastewater can be reused as washdown water after toxic metals and
total suspended solids removal during treatment. The compliance
costs for the treatment system reflect the additional capacity
and equipment needed to achieve complete recycle of this waste
stream.
2789
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination and
evaluation was presented in Section VI. Five pollutant
parameters are selected for limitation under BPT and are listed
below:
120. copper
128. zinc
ammonia (N)
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH
The concentrations achievable by application of the proposed BPT
treatment are explained in Section VII of this supplement. The
achievable treatment concentrations (both one-day maximum and
monthly average values) are multiplied by the BPT normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table IX-1 (page 2791) to calculate
the mass of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations in milligrams of
pollutant per troy ounce of product represent the BPT effluent
limitations and are presented in Table IX-2 (page 2793) for each
individual waste stream.
2790
-------
Table IX-1
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
K)
Film stripping
Film stripping wet air pollution
control and precipitation and
filtration of film stripping
solutions wet air pollution
control
Precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions wet air pollution
control
Electrolytic refining
Furnace wet air pollution control
BPT Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troy ounce
50.35
0.97
57.57
26.6
12.14
0.76
0.67
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping
troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver refined
troy ounces of
silver smelted,
roasted, or dried
w
w
o
i
d
H
s
B
w
c
a
o
s
M
Q
O
Jd
Cfl
w
o
H
X
-------
Table IX-1 (Continued)
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
to
«j
VD
to
Wastewater Stream
Leaching
Leaching wet air pollution control
and precipitation of nonphoto-
graphic solutions wet air pollu-
tion control
Precipitation and filtration of non-
•,-photographic solutions
BPT Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troy ounce
0.086
4.43
3.07
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching or
precipitation
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
en
w
o
O
Kj
en
H
Pd
en
g
o
B
M
Q
O
»
Kj
Floor and equipment washdown wastewater
0
troy ounces of
silver produced
en
w
o
I
H
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY. SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(a) Film Stripping BPT
Pollutant or''MaximumforMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony 144.500 64.450
Arsenic 105,200 46.830
Cadmium 17.120 7.553
Chromium 22.150 9.063
*Copper 95.660 50.350
Lead 21.150 10.070
Nickel 96.670 63.950
Selenium 61.930 27.690
Silver 20.640 8.560
Thallium 103.200 45.209
*Zinc 73.510 30.710
*Ammonia (as N) 6712.000 2951.000
*TSS 2064.000 981.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping' Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
\
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
film stripping solutions
Antimony 2.784 1.242
Arsenic 2.027 0.902
Cadmium 0.330 0.146
Chromium 0.427 0.175
*Copper 1.843 0.970
Lead 0.407 0.194
Nickel 1.862 1.232
Selenium 1.193 0.534
Silver 0.398 0.165
Thallium 1.988 0.883
*Zinc 1.416 0.592
*Ammonia (as N) 129.300 56.840
*TSS 39.770 18.920
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2793
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
165.230
120.320
19.570
25.330
109.400
24.180
110.500
70.810
23.600
118.000
84.050
7674.000
2360.000
Within the range of 7.5
73.690
53.540
8.636
10.360
57.570
11.510
73.110
31.660
9.787
52.390
35.120
3374.000
1123.000
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH Within
76.340
55.590
0.044
11.700
50.540
11.170
51.070
32.720
10.910
54.530
38.840
3546.000
1091.000
the range of 7.5
34.050
24.740
3.990
4.788
26.600
5.320
33.780
14.630
4.522
24.210
. 16.230
1559.000
518.700
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2794
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Antimony 34.840 15.540
Arsenic 25.370 11.290
Cadmium 4.128 1.821
Chromium 5.342 2.185
*Copper 23.070 12.140
Lead 5.099 2.428
Nickel 23.310 15.420
Selenium 14.930 6.677
Silver 4.977 2.064
Thallium 24.890 11.050
*Zinc 17.720 7.405
*Ammonia (as N) 1618.000 711.400
*TSS 497.700 236.700
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Electrolytic Refining BPT
Pollutant or"Maximum forMaximumfor
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony 2.181 0.973
Arsenic 1.588 0.707
Cadmium 0.258 0.114
Chromium 0.334 0.137
*Copper 1.444 0.760
Lead 0.319 0.152
Nickel 1.459 0.965
Selenium 0.935 0.418
Silver 0.312 0.129
Thallium 1.558 0.692
*Zinc 1.110 0.646
*Ammonia (as N) 101.310 44.540
*TSS 31.160 14.820
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10,0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2795
-------
SECONDARY SILVER S0BCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver roasted, smelted or dried
Antimony 1.923 C 858
Arsenic 1,400 0.623
Cadmium 0.228 0.101
Chromium 0.295 0.121
*Copper 1.273 0.670
Lead 0.281 0.134
Nickel 1,286 0.851
Selenium 0,824 0.369
Silver 0,275 0.114
Thallium 1.374 0.610
*Zinc 0.978 0.409
*Ammonia (as N) 89.310 39.260
*TSS 27.470 13.070
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Leaching BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver produced from leaching
Antimony 0.247 0.110
Arsenic 1.180 0.080
Cadmium 0.029 0.013
Chromium 0.038 0.015
*Copper 0.163 0.086
Lead 0.036 0.017
Nickel 0.165 0.109
Selenium 0.106 0.047
Silver 0.035 0.015
Thallium 0.176 0.078
*Zinc 0.126 0.052
*Ammonia (as N) 11.460 5.040
*TSS 3.526 1.677
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
^Regulated Pollutant
2796
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control BPT
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy oz. of silver produced from leaching or silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
12.710
9.259
1.506
1.949
8.417
1.861
8.506
5.449
1.816
9.082
6.468
590.500
181.600
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
5.670
4.120
0.665
0.797 .
4.430
0.886
5.626
2.437
0.753
4.031
2.702
259.600
86.390
at all times
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic
Solutions BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH Within the
8.811
6.416
1.044
1.351
5.833
1.289
5.894
3.776
1.259
6.293
4.482
409.200
125.900
range of 7.5 to 10.0
3.930
2.855
0.461
0.553
3.070
0.614
3.899
1.689
0.522
2.794
1.873
170.900
59.870
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2797
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(M Floor and Equipment Washdown Water BPT
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH Within
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
the range of 7.5 to
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2798
-------
TO AMMONIA nCCOVEflY
VD
Precipitation and Filtration
ol Photographic Solutions
Uistewater
AMMONIA
•TEAM
atnrPMO
l|i .ig*»
SSsSj
^
Precipitation and Filtration of Honphotographlc
Solutions Haateuater ^
Film Stripping Uasteuater
Precipitation and Filtration of Fill* Stripping Uastewater
electrolytic Refining Uasteuater
Leaclilng Uasteuater
'i i i . . ' »
Floor and Equipment Washdoun Waatewater
Film Stripping and Precipitation of Film
Stripping Solutions Scrubber Liquor
Precipitation and Filtration of Photo- V7
graphic Solutions Scrubber Liquor __ *
Leaching and Precipitation of Nonphoto- J»nk
graphic Solutions Scrubber Liquor
Furnace Scrubber Liquor __
1
i
1
1 '
f>,tpi4»t4» Rftryl* <»f P|«»r »|W* ^ - „ , ^*N
58
O
K
^_ Chralcul Addition ~ CO
r~i i H
r \ Cl ^
1 \J 1 y"^ v ^ v |H,...|,,,Q,
Iqy-H- •"* «e.lcal * * ^j^^ w
Italian Precipitation Sedimentation Tank *•-•
J^Tank . tj)
Sludge |Tj
Sludge Recycle ^
, LrTYo1>i— ^
»acuu« Filtrate \\ I // (Disposal
X>--''V 1 *
^^_-^^ 1 CO
1 w
wmm H
H
1 Recjcla
Sludgt Re«ov«l
Figure IX-1
BPT TREATMENT SCHEME
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2800
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBC&TEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
These effluent limitations are tased on the best control and
treatment technology used by a specific point source within the
industrial category or subeategory, or by another category from
which the technology is transferable. Emphasis is placed on
additional treatment techniques applied at the end of the
treatment systems currently used, as well as reduction of the
amount of water used and discharged, process control, and
treatment technology optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and the costs of application of such technology. BAT may include
feasible process changes or internal controls, even when not in
common practice.
The statutory assessment of BAT considers costs, but does not
require a balancing c-f costs against effluent reduction benefits.
However, in assessing BAT, the Agency has given substantial
weight to the economic achievability of the technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed a wide range of technology options and
evaluated the available possibilities to ensure that the most
effective and beneficial technologies were used as the basis of
BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency elected to examine three
technology options which could be applied to the secondary silver
subcategory as alternatives for the basis of BAT effluent
limitations.
For the development of BAT effluent limitations, mass loadings
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory using the same technical approach as described in
Section IX for BPT limitations development. The differences in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness achievable with the more sophisticated BAT
treatment technology and reductions in the effluent flows
allocated to various waste streams.
2801
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
In summary, the treatment technologies considered for the
secondary silver subcategory are;
Option A (Figure X-l, page 2818) is based on
o Preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
Option B (Figure X-2, page 2819) is based on
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
Option C (Figure X-3, page 2820) is based on
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
o Multimedia filtration
The three options examined for BAT are discussed in greater
detail below. The first option considered is the same as the BPT
treatment technology which was presented in the previous section.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary silver subcategory is equivalent to
the control and treatment technologies which were analyzed for
BPT in Section IX. The BPT end-of-pipe treatment scheme includes
chemical precipitation, and sedimentation (lime and settle), with
preliminary treatment of precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam stripping
(see Figure X-l). Complete recycle of treated floor and
equipment washdown wastewater is also included. The discharge
rates for Option A are equal to the discharge rates allocated to
each stream as a BPT discharge flow.
2802
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT
OPTION B
Option B for the secondary silver subcategory achieves lower
pollutant discharge by building upon the Option A (ammonia steam
stripping, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and recycle of
treated floor and equipment washdown wastewater) treatment
technology. Plow reduction measures are added to the Option A
treatment scheme (see Figure X-2). These flow reduction
measures, including in-process changes, result in the elimination
of some wastewater streams and the concentration of pollutants in
other effluents. As explained in Section VII of the General
Development Document, treatment of a more concentrated effluent
allows achievement of a greater net pollutant removal and
introduces the possible economic benefits associated with
treating a lower volume of wastewater.
Option B flow reduction measures are reflected in the BAT
wastewater discharge rates. Flow reduction has been included in
determining the BAT discharge rates for furnace wet air pollution
control. Based on available data, the Agency did not feel that
further flow reduction over BPT would be feasible for the
remaining 10 waste streams in the secondary silver subcategory.
Flow reduction measures used in Option B to reduce process
wastewater generation or discharge rates include the following:
There are four wastewater sources associated with wet air
pollution control which are regulated under these effluent
limitations:
1. Film stripping scrubber and precipitation of film
stripping solutions scrubber,
2. Precipitation and filtration of photographic solutions
scrubber,
3. Furnace scrubber, and
4. Leaching and precipitation of nonphotographic solutions
scrubber.
Table X-l (page 2818) presents the number of plants reporting
wastewater with the wet air pollution control sources listed
above, the number of plants practicing recycle, and the range of
recycle values being listed. Complete recycle of furnace
scrubber water will be required for BAT. The Agency is not
requiring further flow reduction at BAT for the remaining wet air
pollution control waste streams.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary silver subcategory consists of all
control and treatment requirements of Option B (in-process flow
reduction, ammonia steam stripping, chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, and recycle of treated floor and equipment
washdown wastewater} plus multimedia filtration technology added
at the end of the Option B treatment scheme (see Figure X-3).
Multimedia filtration is used to remove suspended solids,
2803
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
including precipitates of toxic metals, beyond the concentration
attainable by gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of
the gravity, mixed media type, although other filters, such, as
rapid sand filters or pressure filters, would perform
satisfactorily.
As one means of evaluating each technology option, EPA developed
estimates of the pollutant removal estimates and the compliance
costs associated with each option. The methodologies are
described below.
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
A complete description of the methodology used to calculate the
estimated pollutant removals achieved by the application of the
various treatment options is presented in Section X of Vol. I.
The pollutant removal estimates have been revised from proposal
based on comments and new data. However, the methodology for
calculating pollutant removals was not changed. The data used
for estimating removals are the same as those used to revise the
compliance costs.
Sampling data collected during the field sampling program were
used to characterize the major waste streams considered for
regulation. At each sampled facility, the sampling data were
production normalized for each unit operation (i.e., mass of
pollutant generated per mass of product manufactured). This
value, referred to as the raw waste, was used to estimate the
mass of toxic pollutants generated within the secondary silver
subcategory. By multiplying the total subcategory production for
a unit operation by the corresponding raw waste value, the mass
of pollutant generated for that unit operation was estimated.
The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment option was estimated for each operation at each plant
by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory flow. The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the other
plant flows. The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by multiplying the achievable concentration values attainable by
the option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of process waste-^ater
discharged by the subcategory. The mass of pollutant removed is
simply the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated within the subcategory and the mass of pollutant
disci ^rged after application of the treatment option. The
pollutant removal estimates for direct dischargers in the
secondary silver subcategory are presented in Table x-2 (page
2819).
COMPLIANCE COSTS
Compliance costs presented at proposal were estimated using cost
curves, which related the total costs associated with
installation and operation of wastewater treatment technologies
to plant process wastewater discharge. EPA applied these curves
on a per plant basis, a plant's costs — both capital, and
2804
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
operating and maintenance — being determined by what treatment
it has in place and by its individual process wastewater
discharge (from dcp). The final step was to annyalize the capital
costs, and to sum the annualized capital costs, and the operating
and maintenance costs, yielding the cost of compliance for the
subcategory. Since proposal, the cost estimation methodology has
been changed as discussed in Section VIII of this document and in
Section VIII of Vol. I. A design model and plant-specific
information were used to size a wastewater treatment system for
each discharging facility. After completion of the design,
capital and annual costs were estimated for each unit of the
wastewater treatment system. Capital costs were developed from
vendor quotes and annual costs were developed from literature.
The revised compliance costs are presented in Table VIII-1 (page
2776).
BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
At proposal, EPA selected both Option B and Option C as,, the basis
for alternative BAT effluent limitations for the"secondary silver
subcategory due to adverse structural economic changes that the
Agency suspected were not reflected in the Agency's proposed
economic analysis. These alternative limitations were based on
ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment, lime precipitation
and sedimentation, end-of-pipe technology, and in-process control
technologies to reduce the volume of process wastewater
discharged for Option B, and the addition of multimedia
filtration to the end-of-pipe technology for Option C.
Option E was eliminated because the addition of activated carbon
technology is not necessary since toxic organic pollutants are
not selected for limitation in this subcategory.
BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating BAT effluent mass limitations based on lime
precipitation and sedimentation and ammonia steam stripping with
additional reduction in pollutant discharge with the use of
filtration as an effluent polishing step. The end-of-pipe and
pretreatment technology basis for BAT limitations being
promulgated is the same as that proposed for Alternative B. The
Agency expressed concerns at proposal about this option's
economic achievability, but after revising the compliance costs
and the economic analysis, the Agency believes that filtration as
an end-of-pipe treatment technology is economically achievable.
The treatment performance concentrations upon which the mass
limitations are based are equal to values used to calculate the
proposed mass limitations.
Application of the promulgated BAT would remove 31,000 kg/yr of
toxic metals and 664,154 kg/yr of ammonia over the estimated raw
discharge. The BAT effluent mass limitations will remove 132
kg/yr of toxic pollutants above the estimated BPT discharge. The
option is economically achievable. EPA believes that incremental
removal justifies selection of filtration as part of BAT model
2805
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
technology. In addition, filtration is demonstrated at 11
secondary silver facilities. The estimated capital investment
cost of the promulgated BAT is $278,000 (March, 1982 dollars) and
the annual cost is $390,000 (March, 1982 dollars).
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BAT discharge rate was calculated for each subdivision based
upon the flows of the existing plants, as determined from
analysis of the data collection portfolios. The discharge rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentration to determine
BAT effluent limitations. Since the discharge rate may be
different for each wastewater source, separate production
normalized discharge rates for each of the 11 wastewater sources
were determined and are summarized in Table X-3 (page 2810). The
discharge rates are normalized on a production basis by relating
the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of the
intermediate product which is produced by the process associated
with the waste stream in question. These production normalizing
parameters (PNP) are also listed in Table X-3.
As discussed previously, the BAT wastewater discharge rate equals
the BPT wastewater discharge rate for 10 of the 11 waste streams
in the secondary silver subcategory. Based on the available
data, the Agency did not feel that further flow reduction would
be feasible for these wastewater sources. Wastewater streams for
which BAT discharge rates differ from BPT are discussed below.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
No BAT wastewater discharge allowance was provided for furnace
wet air pollution control at proposal. This rate applies to all
air pollution control of furnace operations and was based on
complete recycle of wastewater. Since 15 of the 19 plants with
furnace air pollution control did not discharge water, including
plants with wet scrubber systems, the Agency believed that zero
discharge is feasible for all secondary silver furnace air
pollution control.
No BAT wastewater discharge allowance is provided for furnace wet
air pollution control for promulgation. Only five of the 19
plants with furnace air pollution control currently discharge
wastewater. The Agency believes, as it did at proposal, that
zero discharge is feasible for all secondary silver furnace air
pollution control. No comments were received challenging the
Agency's conclusion.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
In implementing the terms of the Consent Agreement in NRDC v.
Train, Op. Cit.f and 33 U.S.C. (l314(b)(2)(A and B) (1976), the
Agency placed particular emphasis on the toxic pollutants. The
raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and the
subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain pollutant
parameters for consideration for limitation. This examination
2806
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
and evaluation, presented in Section VI, concluded that 26
pollutants and pollutant parameters are present in secondary
silver wastewaters at concentrations than can be effectively
reduced by identified treatment technologies. (Refer to Section
VI.)
However, the cost associated with analysis for toxic metal
pollutants has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for
regulating and monitoring toxic pollutant discharges from the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. Rather than developing
specific effluent mass limitations and standards for each of the
toxic metals found in treatable concentrations in the raw
wastewaters from a given subcategory, the Agency is promulgating
effluent mass limitations only for those pollutants generated in
the greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal
estimates analysis. The pollutants selected for specific
limitation are listed below:
120. copper
128. zinc
ammonia
By establishing limitations and standards for certain toxic metal
pollutants, dischargers will attain the same degree of control
over toxic metal pollutants as they would have been required to
achieve had all the toxic metal pollutants been directly limited.
This approach is justified technically since the treatable
concentrations used for lime precipitation and sedimentation
technology are based on optimized treatment for concomitant
multiple metals removal. Thus, even though metals have somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at very
nearly the same rate in a lime precipitation and sedimentation
treatment system operated for multiple metals removal.
Filtration as part of the technology basis is likewise justified
because this technology removes metals non-preferentially.
The toxic metal pollutants selected for specific limitation' in
the secondary silver subcategory to control the discharges of
toxic metal pollutants are copper and zinc. Ammonia is also
selected for limitation since the methods used to control copper
and zinc are not effective in the control of ammonia.
The following toxic pollutants are excluded from limitation on
the basis that they are effectively controlled by the limitations
developed for copper and zinc:
114. antimony
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
122. lead
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
2807
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
127. thallium
The Agency believes that the organic pollutants in this
subcategory are present only in trace (deminimus quantities) and
are neither causing nor likely to cause toxic effects.
Therefore/ the following organic pollutants are excluded from
limitation:
4. benzene
6. carbon tetrachloride
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
38. ethylbenzene
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene, and
total phenols (by 4-AAP method)
Cyanide was present in the secondary silver subcategory in
certain waste streams at concentrations that can be effectively
reduced by identified treatment technologies. Treatable
concentrations of cyanide were found in one photographic
materials plant and one nonphotographic materials plant. Five
different process waste streams were sampled; four contained
cyanide at treatable concentrations, in six of nine samples.
However, at proposal, when waste streams were combined for
treatment, cyanide was found at a concentration below that
achievable by identified treatment technology. This
determination was made by comparing the raw (untreated) wasteload
and treated discharge estimates presented in the pollutant
removal estimates. Cyanide was thus excluded from limitation.
For promulgation, cyanide is not chosen as a regulated pollutant
parameter on a subcategory-wide basis for the secondary silver
mass limitations. However, secondary silver plants process
plating solutions, which may contain cyanide, to recover silver
contained in the solution. Cyanide is present due to its use as
a process chemical in plating operations. The permitting
authority should check for the presence of cyanide in this waste
stream and develop discharge limitations if necessary. A
discharge allowance can be developed by locating the flow
allowance for precipitation and filtration of nonphotographic
solutions at BPT and BAT in Sections IX and X, respectively, of
the secondary silver supplemental development document.
Treatment performance for cyanide precipitation is presented in
Section VII of the General Development Document. The discharge
allowance (or mass limitation) is the product of the flow
allowance and the treatment performance.
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The treatable concentrations, achievable by application of the
2808
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
BAT technology (Option C) are summarized in Section VII of this
supplement. These treatable concentrations (both one day maximum
and monthly average) are multiplied by the BAT normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table X-3 (page 2810) to calculate
the mass of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations in milligrams of
pollutant per troy ounce of product represent the BAT effluent
limitations for the secondary silver subcategory. The BAT
effluent limitations are presented in Table X-4 (page 2811).
2809
-------
Table X-1
CURRENT RECYCLE PRACTICES WITHIN THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
to
CO
Film stripping and precipitation
of film stripping solutions
scrubber
Photographic solution precipi-
tation and filtration scrubber
Furnace scrubber
Leaching and precipitation of
nonphotographie solutions
scrubber
Number of Plants
with Wastewater
1
Number of Plants
Practicing Recycle
1
11
13
7
8
Range
of Recycle
Values (%)
99+
99.93 - 100
99.7 - 100
99 - 100
M
W
O
i
O
M
w
M
G
tfl
O
w
KJ
w
w
O
1-1
-------
Table X-2
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR SECONDARY SILVER DIRECT DISCHARGERS
POLLUTANT
Arsenic
Antimony
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Copper
Sl"C
2 TOTAL TOXIC METALS
r~
Ammonia
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
FLOW (1/yr)
TOTAL
RAW WASTE
(kg/yr)
6,2
7.0
7.6
87,1
112.8
126.6
9.0
6.9
0,5
224.2
31.125.3
31,713.3
691.477.2
691,477.2
17,999.2
17,999.2
741,189.7
OPTION A
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
6.2
7.0
7.6
71.7
102.5
126.6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
281.8
844.1
27,323.2
27,323.2
10,246.2
10,246.2
38,413.5
853,850.000
OPTION A
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.4
10.3
0.0
0.0
, 0.0
l; o.o
o.o
30,843.5
30,869.2
664,154.0
664,154.0
7,753.0
7.753.0
702.776.1
OPTION B
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
6.2
7.0
7.6
71.7
102,5
126,6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
281.8
844.1
27,323.2
27,323.2
10,246.2
10,246.2
38.413.5
853,850.000
OPTION B
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.4
10.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30,843.5
30,869.2
664,154.0
664,154.0
7,753.0
7,753.0
702,776.1
OPTION C
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
6.2
7,0
7.6
59.8
68.3
126. 6
9.0
6.9
0.5
224.2
196.4
712.6
27.323.2
27,323.2
2,220.0
2,220.0
30,255.8
853,850,000
OPTION C
HEMOVKD
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
i 0.0
'27.3
44.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30,928.9
31,000.7
664,154.0
664,154.0
15,779,2
15.779.2
710,933.8
SECONDARY
I SILVER SUJH
n
f"7
C
g
K
u:
q
i
NOTE: TOTAL TOXIC METALS = Arsenic + Antimony + Cadmium + Chromium
+ Copper t Zinc
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS « TSS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS - Total Toxic Metals + Total Nonconventlonals + Total Conventtonals
OPTION A - Ammonia Steam Stripping, Lime Precipitation, and Sedimentation
OPTION B • Option A, plus In-Process Flow Reduction
OPTION C - Option B, plus Multimedia Filtration
Lead + Nickel + Selenium «• Silver + Thallium
-------
Table X-3
BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
K>
CO
M
to
Wastewater Stream
Film stripping
stripping wet air pollution
control and precipitation and
filtration of film stripping
solutions wet air pollution
control
Precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions wet air pollution
control
Electrolytic refining
Furnace wet air pollution control
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troy ounce
50.35
0.97
57.57
26.6
12.14
0.76
0
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping
troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver refined
troy ounces of
silver smelted,
roasted, or dried
u
R
C.
V
h
t
Cf
«_
tx
C.
>
H
fe
C
K
V.
C
-------
Table X-3 (Continued)
BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
Leaching
Leaching wet air pollution control
and precipitation of nonphoto-
.raphic solutions wet air pollu-
.ion control
'
Precipitation and filtration of non
photographic solutions
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troy ounce
0.086
4.43
3.07
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching or
precipitation
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
§
CO
HI
to
>
[J
Floor and equipment washdown wastewater
0
troy ounces of
silver produced
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
TABLE X-4
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORf
(a) Film Stripping BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
97.180
69.990
10.070
18.630
64.450
14.100
27.690
41.290
14.600
70.490
51.360
6712.000
43.300
31.220
4.028
7.553
30.710
6.546
18.630
18.630
6.042
30.710
21.150
2951.000
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Cont rol BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.872
1.348
0.194
0.359
1.242
0.272
0.534
0.795
0,281
1.358
0.989
129.300
0.834
0.601
0.078
0.146
0.592
0.126
0.359
0.359
0.116
0.592
0.407
56.840
*Regulated Pollutant
2814
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
111.100
80.020
11.510
21.300
73.690
16.120
31.660
47.210
16.700
80.600
58.720
7674.000
49.510
35.690
4.606
8.636
35.120
7.484
21.300
21.300
6.908
35.120
24.180
3374.000
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
51.340
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
22.880
16.490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
*Regulated Pollutant
2815
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - X
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
23.430
16.880
2.428
4.492
15.540
3.399
6.677
9.955
3.521
17.000
12.380
1618.000
10.440
- 7.527
0.971
1.821
7.405
1.578
4.492
4.492
1.457
7.405
5.099
711.400
) Electrolytic Refining BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.467
1.056
0.152
0.281
0.973
0.213
0.418
0.623
0.220
1.064
0.775
101.300
0.654
0.471
0.061
0.114
0.464
0.099
0.281
0.281
0.091
0.464
0.319
44.540
*Regulated Pollutant
2816
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smeltedr or dried
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(h) Leaching BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.166
0.120
0.017
0.032
0.110
0.024
0.047
0.071
0.025
0.120
0.088
11.4(50
0.074
0.053
0.007
0.013
0.052
0.011
0.032
0.032
0.010
0.052
0.036
5.040
*Regulated Pollutant
2817
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet A_ir~Ppllution Control BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
of silver
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
8.550
6.158
0.886
1.639
5.670
1.240
2.437
3.633
1.285
6.202
4.519
590.500
3.810
2.747
0.354
0.665
2.702
0.576
1.639
1.639
0.532
2.702
1.861
259.600
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
*Regulated Pollutant
2818
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
Floor and Equipment Washdown Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
* Regulated Pollutant
2819
-------
10 AMMOHW BECOVE1W
K)
03
Precipitation and FlI trie Ion
of Photographic Solution!
Ws»ccu«ter
Treclpitatlon and Filtration oj Honpliotographic
Solutions Uaatewater
Flljj Stripping Ha»tenater
Precipitation and Filtration of Fill* Stripping Maatenater
Klectrolytlc Refining HasteMter
Leaching Wastevater
floor and Equipment Waslidown Waatewater
film Stripping and Precipitation of Fll*
Stripping Solutions Scrubber Liquor
Precipitation and Filtration of Photo-
graphlc Solutions Scrubber Liquor
:icli ng anrf Precipitation of Nonplioto-
graph!-: Solution* Scrubber Liquor
.fu.aaee Sctubbcr Liquor
Molding
Tank
laelidavm
Water
v
• V
Sedimentation
v
=.
Holding
Tank
Hist li;irgc
Sludge Recycle
Vacuiw Filtrate
Sludge
Sludge Oev.terln«
w
w
O
a
!
H
M
50
W
O
W
a
o
O
1
Figure X-l
BAT TREATMENT SCHEME OPTION A
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
-------
to AMMONIA sweovMrt
CD
K)
Precipitation and Filtration
of Photographic Solutions
Hasteyater
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographlc
Solutions Wastewater
Film Stripping Haatewater
Precipitation and filtration of Film Stripping Hastewater
Leaching Wastewater
Electrolytic Refining Uasteuaeer
Floor and Equipment Waahdown Wasteuster
Film Stripping and Precipitation of Film
Stripping Solutions Scrubber Liquor
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
Solutions Scrubber Liquor
leaching an<* Precipitation of >fpboEO-
graphic Solutions Scrubber Liquor
Holding
Tank
1'
Recycle
Sludge Rcnoval
Furnace Scrubber Liquor
Chenlcal Addition
Complete Recycle of Flour or.d
and Equipment Waslidoun Uater '
IV V
/
Chemical
Precipitation
5?
—
Sedimentation
V
—
Holding
Tank
Sludge Recycle
Sludge
Sludge tu
Vacuum Filtrate
m
m
n
§
a
en
H
a
w
o
w
CT
O
Sludgs Dsua
Holding
Tank
Recycle
Sludge Removal
W
O
Figure X-2
BAT TREATMENT SCHEME OPTION B
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
-------
10 MJMONM nCCOVERV
to
00
to
to
Precipitation and Filtration
of PlKJtograpliIc Solutions
Wnslevater
Backwash
Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphoto-
graplilc Solutions Waatevater
Film Stripping Waatewater
Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Wastewater
Leaching Wastewater
Electrolytic Refining Uastewater
Floor and Equipment Waahdown Wastewater
Complete Recycle of Floor and
Equipment Uashdown Water ^
V
5X.
Sedimentation
V
—
Holding
Tank
Multimedia
Filtration
Film Stripping and Precipitation of Film
Stripping Solutions Scrubber Liquor
Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic
Solutions Scrubber Liquor
l.eachlng and Precipitation of Nonphoto-
graphlc Solutions Scrubber Liquor
W
W
O
§
I
K;
w
H
Discharge |r]
+W
Backwash
O
W
Q
I
w
o
' ' Sludge Removal
Figure X-3
BAT TREATMENT SCHEME OPTION C
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS"
This section describes the control technology for treatment of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge
limitations of regulatory pollutants for NSPS in the secondary
silver subcategory based on the described control technology. New
plants have the opportunity to design the best and most efficient
production processes and wastewater treatment technologies,
without facing the added costs and restrictions encountered in
retrofitting an existing plant.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BDT
All of the treatment technology options applicable to a net
source were previously considered for the BAT options. For this
reason, three options were considered for BDT after proposal, all
identical to the BAT options discussed in Section X.
Treatment and control technologies used for the BDT options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
concentrations
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
OPTION B
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
2823
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
OPTION C
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
o Multimedia filtration
Partial or complete recycle and reuse of wastewater is an
essential part of all three options. Recycle and reuse can
precede or follow end-of-pipe treatment. A more detailed
discussion of the treatment options is presented in Section X.
X \ -.
BDT OPTION SELECTION ..':'"
EPA is promulgating a best available demonstrated technology for
the secondary silver subcategory equal to Option C (in-process
flow reduction, preliminary treatment with ammonia steam
stripping, lime precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration end-of-pipe treatment with complete recycle of treated
floor and equipment washdown wastewater). This technology is
equivalent to the proposed NSPS technology (although flow
allowances for casting and casting wet air pollution have been
eliminated, as explained earlier). The Agency recognizes that
new sources have the opportunity to implement more advanced
levels of treatment without incurring the costs of retrofitting
and the costs of partial or complete shutdown necessary for
installation of the new equipment that existing plants should
have. Review of the subcategory indicates that no new
demonstrated technologies that improve on BAT exist.
Activated carbon adsorption technology (Option E) was eliminated;
it is not necessary since toxic organic pollutants are not
selected for limitation in this subcategory'. (Refer to the
discussion of exclusion of toxic organic pollutants in Sections
VI and X.)
Dry scrubbing is not demonstrated for controlling emissions from
film stripping, precipitation and filtration of film stripping
solutions, precipitation and filtration of photographic
solutions, reduction furnaces, leaching and precipitation and
filtration. The nature of these emissions (acidic fumes, hot
particulate matter) technically precludes the use of dry
scrubbers.
Therefore, EPA is including an allowance for these sources at
NSPS equivalent to that promulgated for BAT Option C. The Agency
also does not believe that new plants could achieve any
additional flow reduction beyond that proposed for BAT.
2824
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGQRY SECT - XI
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be found in treatable concentrations in processes within new
sources will be any different than with existing sources.
Accordingly, pollutants and pollutant parameters selected for
limitation under NSPS, in accordance with the rationale of
Section VI and X, are identical to those selected for BAT. The
conventional pollutant parameters TSS and pH are also selected
for limitation.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source are the same
as the discharge rates for BAT and are listed in Table XI-1 (page
2824). The mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass
of product is calculated by multiplying the appropriate effluent
concentration by the production normalized wastewater discharge
flows (1/troy ounce). New source performance .standards are
presented in Table XI-2 (page 2826).
2825
-------
Table XI-1
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
oo
KJ
a\
Wastewater Stream
Filra stripping
Film stripping wet air pollution
control and precipitation and
filcration of film stripping
solutions wet air pollution
control
Precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions wet air pollution
control
Electrolytic refining
F -nace wet air pollution control
NSPS Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troyounce
50.35
0.97
57.57
26.6
12.14
0.76
0
Production'
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping
troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver refined
troy ounces of
silver smelted,
roasted, or dried
in
m
o
§
O
W
M
JO
M
G
W
O
s
M
o
o
W
in
M
o
I
H
-------
Table XI-1 (Continued)
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
00
NJ
-4
Wastewater Stream
Leaching
Leaching wet air pollution control
and precipitation of nonphoto-
graphic solutions wet air pollu-
tion control
Precipitation and filtration of non-
photographic solutions
NSPS Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troy ounce
0.086
4.43
3.07
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching or
precipitation
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
to
w
o
§
i
CO
§
n
s
m
G>
i
Floor and equipment washdown wastewater
0
troy ounces of
silver produced
to
M
O
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(a) Fil.i Stripping NSPS
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony 97.180 43.300
Arsenic 69.990 31.220
Cadmium 10.070 4.028
Chromium 18.630 7.553
*Copper 64.450 30.710
Lead 14.100 6.546
Nickel 27.690 18.630
Selenium 41.290 18.630
Silver 14.600 6.042
Thallium 70.490 30.710
*Zinc 51.360 21.150
*Ammonia (as N) 6712.000 2951.000
*TSS 755.300 604.200
*pH> Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Antimony 1.872 0.834
Arsenic 1.348 0.601
Cadmium 0.194 0.078
Chromium 0.359 0.146
*Copper 1.242 0.592
Lead 0.272 0.126
Nickel 0.534 0.359
Selenium 0.795 0.359
Silver 0.281 0.116
Thallium 1.358 0.592
*Zinc 0.989 0.407
*Ammonia (as N) 129.300 56.840
*TSS 14.550 11.640
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2828
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
111.100
80.020
11.510
21.300
: 73.690
16.120
31.660
47.210
16.700
80.600
58.720
7674.000
863.600
Within the range of 7.5 to
49.510
35.690
4.606
8.636
35.120
7.484
21.300
21.300
6.908
35.120
24.180
3374.000
690.800
10.0 at all times
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions NSPS
Pollutant or . Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
ing/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony 51.340 22.880
Arsenic 36.970 16.490
Cadmium 5.320 2.128
Chromium 9.842 3.990
*Copper 34.050 16.230
Lead 7.448 3.458
Nickel 14.630 9.842
Selenium 21.810 9.842
Silver 7.714 3.192
Thallium 37.240 16.230
*Zinc 27.130 11.170
*Ammonia (as N) 3546.000 1559.000
*TSS 399.000 319.200
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant : ' ~~ ~~
2829
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Antimony 23.430 10.440
Arsenic 16.880 7.527
Cadmium 2.428 0.971
Chromium 4.492 1.821
*Copper . 15.540 7.405
Lead 3.399 1.578
Nickel 6.677 4.492
Selenium 9.955 4.492
Silver 3.521 1.457
Thallium 17.000 7.405
*Zinc 12.380 5.099
*Ammonia (as N) 1618.000 711.400
*TSS 182.100 145.700
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Electrolytic Refining NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony 1.467 0.654
Arsenic 1.056 0.471
Cadmium 0.152 0.061
Chromium 0.281 0.114
*Copper 0.973 0.464
Lead 0.213 0.099
Nickel 0.418 0.281
Selenium 0.623 0.281
Silver 0.220 0.091
Thallium 1.064 0.464
*Zinc 0.775 0.319
*Ammonia (as N) 101.300 44.540
*TSS 11.400 9.120
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant ''
2830
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted,smelted, or dried
Antimony 0.000 0.000
Arsenic 0.000 0.000
Cadmium 0.000 0.000
Chromium 0.000 0.000
*Copper 0.000 0.000
Lead 0.000 0.000
Nickel 0.000 0.000
Selenium 0.000 0.000
Silver 0.000 0.000
Thallium 0.000 0.000
*Zinc 0.000 0.000
*Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
*TSS 0.000 0.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Leaching NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
Antimony 0.166 0.074
Arsenic 0.120 ' 0.053
Cadmium 0.017 0.007
Chromium 0.032 0.013
*Copper 0.110 0.052
Lead 0.024 0.011
Nickel 0.047 0.032
Selenium 0.071 0.032
Silver 0.025 0.010
Thallium 0.120 0.052
*Zinc 0.088 0.036
*Ammonia (as N) 11.460 5.040
*TSS 1.290 1.032
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2831
-------
SECONDARY SILVER S0BCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
Nonphotographic Solutions Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
of silver
Antimony 8.550 3.810
Arsenic 6.158 2.747
Cadmium 0.886 0,354
Chromium 1.639 0.665
*Copper 5.670 2.702
Lead 1.240 0.576
Nickel 2.437 1.639
Selenium 3.633 1.639
Silver 1.285 0.532
Thallium 6.202 2.702
*Zinc 4.519 1.861
*Ammonia (as N) 590.500 259.600
*TSS 66.450 53.160
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j)Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions"
NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH Within the
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
46.050
range of 7.5 to
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
36.840
10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2832
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown Water NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
*TSS
*pH
O.OOC
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
0.000
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2833
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2834
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY- SECT - XII
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
\
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from existing sources and new
sources in the secondary silver subcategory. Pretreatment
standards for regulated pollutants are presented based on the
selected control and treatment technologies.
PSES are designed to prevent the discharge of pollutants which
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with
the operation of publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The
Clean Water Act of 1977 requires pretreatment for pollutants,
such as toxic metals, that limit POTW sludge management
alternatives. New indirect discharge facilities, like new direct
discharge facilities, have the opportunity to incorporate the
best available demonstrated technologies, including process
changes, in-plant controls, and erid-of-pipe treatment
technologies, and to use plant site selection to ensure adequate
treatment system installation. Pretreatment standards are to be
technology based, analogous to the best available technology for
removal of toxic pollutants.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
Before proposing pretreatment standards, the Agency examines
whether the pollutants discharged by the industry pass through
the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its chosen
sludge disposal practices. In determining whether pollutants
pass through a well-operated POTW, achieving secondary treatment,
the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant removed by POTW
with the percentage removed by direct dischargers applying the
best available technology economically achievable. A pollutant
is deemed to pass through the POTW when the average percentage
removed nationwide by well-operated POTW meeting secondary
treatment requirements, is less than the percentage removed by
direct dischargers complying with BAT effluent limitations
guidelines for that pollutant. (See generally, 46 FR at 9415-16
(January 28, 1981).)
This definition of pass through satisfies two competing
objectives set by Congress: (1) that standards for indirect
dischargers be equivalent to standards for direct dischargers,
while at the same time, (2) that the treatment capability and
performance of the POTW be recognized and taken into account in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The Agency compares percentage removal rather than the mass or
concentration of pollutants discharged because the latter would
not take into account the mass of pollutants discharged to the
POTW from non-industrial sources nor the -dilution of the
pollutants in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.
2835
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES
Options for pretreatment of wastewaters are based on increasing
the effectiveness of end-of-pipe treatment technologies. All in-
plant changes and applicable end-of-pipe treatment processes have
been discussed previously in Sections X and XI. The options for
PSES and PSNS, therefore, are the same as the BAT options
discussed in Section X.
A description of each option is presented in Section X, while a
more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled by each
treatment process and achievable treatment concentration for each
option, is presented in Section VII oj; Vol. I.
Treatment technology used for the PSES and PSNS options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
OPTION B
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater after treatment
OPTION C
o In-process flow reduction of wet air pollution control
water
o Preliminary treatment for precipitation and filtration
of photographic solutions wastewater with ammonia steam
stripping
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Complete recycle of floor and equipment washdown
wastewater ^.fter treatment
o Multimedia filtration
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
The industry cost and pollutant removal estimates of each
treatment option were used to determine the most cost-effective
option. The methodology applied in calculating pollutant removal
estimates and plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X.
2836
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
Table XII-1 (page 2837) shows the estimated pollutant removals
for indirect dischargers, while compliance costs for indirect
discharges are presented in Table VIII-2 (page 2838).
PSES OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
At proposal, EPA selected in-process flow reduction, ammonia
steam stripping preliminary treatment, lime precipitation, and
sedimentation (Option B) and in-process flow reduction, ammonia
steam stripping preliminary treatment, chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, and multimedia filtration (Option C) as
alternative pretreatment standards for existing sources for this
subcategory. This selection follows from the rationale used in
selecting alternative options as the basis for BAT. (Refer to
Section X.)
Activated carbon adsorption technology (Option E) was,eliminated
because it is not necessary since toxic organic pollutants are
not selected for limitation in this subcategory. (Refer to the
discussion of selection of pollutants for limitation in Section
X.)
PSES OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating PSES equal to promulgated BAT for this
subcategory. The technology basis for PSES thus is lime
precipitation and sedimentation, ammonia steam stripping,
wastewater flow reduction, and filtration. Flow reduction for
the selected technology represents a 23 percent reduction in flow
over current discharge rates.
Based on revised calculations, EPA estimates that implementation
of the promulgated PSES limitations would remove annually an
estimated 4,259 kg of toxic pollutants and 42,900 kg of ammonia
over estimated raw discharge. The final PSES effluent mass
limitations will remove 13 kg/yr of toxic metals over the
intermediate PSES option considered, which lacks filtration.
Both options are economically achievable. The Agency believes
the incremental removal justifies selection of filtration as part
of PSES model technology. Filtration is currently demonstrated
by eight indirect discharging secondary silver plants. Capital
cost for achieving proposed PSES is $634,000 (March, 1982
dollars), and annual cost of $422,000 (March, 1982 dollars).
PSNS OPTION SELECTION
i
EPA has. selected in-process flow reduction, preliminary treatment
with ammonia steam stripping, lime precipitation, sedimentation,
complete recycle of treated floor and equipment washdown
wastewater, and multimedia filtration (Option C) as the
technology basis for PSNS. The Agency recognizes that new
sources have the opportunity to implement more advanced levels of
treatment without incurring the costs of retrofitting and the
costs of partial or complete shutdown necessary for installation
of the new equipment that existing plants should have.
2837
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
2FA has not identified any demonstrated technology that provides
more efficient pollutant removal' than PSNS technology. No
additional flow reduction for new sources is feasible because dry
scrubbing is not demonstrated for controlling emissions from film
stripping, precipitation and filtration of photographic
solutions, reduction furnaces, leaching and precipitation and
filtration. The nature of these emissions (acidic fumes, hot
particulate matter) technically precludes the use of dry
scrubbers. Since PSNS does not include any additional costs
compared to NSPS, the Agency does not believe PSNS will be a
barrier to entry for new facilities.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Pollutants and pollutant parameters selected for limitation for
PSES and PSNS, in accordance with the rationale of Section VI and
X, are identical to those selected for limitation for BAT. EPA
is proposing PSNS for copper, zinc, and ammonia to prevent pass-
through. The conventional pollutants, TSS and pH, are not
limited under PSES and PSNS because they are effectively
controlled by POTW.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
The PSES and PSNS discharge flows are identical to the BAT
discharge flows for all processes. These discharge flows are
listed in Table XII-2 (page 2838). The mass of pollutant allowed
to be discharged per mass of product is calculated by multiplying
the achievable treatment concentration (mg/1) by the normalized
wastewater discharge flow (1/troy ounce). Pretreatment standards
for existing and new sources, as determined from the above
procedure, are shown in Tables XII-3 and XI1-4 (pages 2840 and
2846) for each waste stream.
Mass-based standards are promulgated for the secondary silver
subcategory to ensure that the standards are achieved by means of
pollutant removal rather than by dilution. They are particularly
important since the standards are based upon flow reduction.
Pollutant limitations associated with flow reduction cannot be
measured any way but as a reduction of mass discharged. Mass-
based PSES without alternative concentration-based standards are
promulgated in this subcategory, although the flow reduction for
the entire subcategory is not great. However, several plants
grossly exceed the flow basis of PSES. Mass-based standards are
needed to ensure that these plants reduce their water usage.
Mass-based PSNS are promulgated in this subcategory because PSNS
for secondary silver is based on 99 percent flow reduction of raw
wastewater by recycle, and new plants would lack incentive to
achieve these reductions without a mass-based standard.
2838
-------
Table XII-1
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR SECONDARY SILVER INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
KJ
oo
NOTE: TOTAL TOXIC METALS - Arsenic * Antimony * Cadmium t Chromlun
* Copper + Zinc
TOTAL NONCONVEtmoNALS - Ammonia
TOTAL CONVENT I ONALS - TSS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS - Total Toxic Metals + Total Nonconvent lonals -I- Total Convent tonal a
OPTION A - Ammonia Steam Stripping, Lime Precipitation, and Sedimentation
OPTION B *• Option A, plus In-Process Flow Reduction
OPTION C - Option B, plus Multimedia Filtration
Lead t Nickel f Selenium * Stiver * Thallium
D
P
POLLUTANT
Arsenic
Antlnony
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Sliver
Thallium
Copper
Sine
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
TOTAL
Ammonia
NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
FLOW (l/yr>
TOTAL
RAW WASTE
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
11.6
34.0
59.4
129.1
441.0
7.3
1.2
184.7
3.417.2
4.295.5
43,519.2
43.519.2
13,602.8
13.602.8
61,417.5
OPTION A
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
I.S
1.6
2.3
14.3
5.8
1.9
11.2*
6.4
56.2
618.0
618.0
231.8
231.8
906.0
19.313,320
OPTION A
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
~- 0.0
0.0
10.1
32.4
57.1
114.0
435.2
5.3
0.0
"*" 173.5
3.410.8
4,239.3
42,901.2
42,901.2
13,371.0
13,371.0
60,511.6
OPTION B
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
2.1
7.8
I.S
1.6
2.3
14.3
5.8
1.9
1.2
11.2
6.4
56.2
618.0
618.0
231.8
231.8
906.0
19,313.320
OPTION B
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0.0
0.0
10.1
32.4
57.1
114.8
435.2
5.3
0.0
17315
3.410.8
4,239.3
42,901.2
42,901.2
13.371.0
13,371.0
60,511.6
OPTION C
DISCHARGED
(kg/yr)
2
7
0
1
1
4
3
1
1
7
4
36
618
618
50
SO
704
19,313,320
.1
.8
.9
.4
.5
.2
.9
.4
.2
.5
.4
.4
.0
.0
,2
.2
.6
OPTION C
REMOVED
(kg/yr)
0
0
10
32
57
124
437
5
0
177
3.412
4,259
42,901
42.901
13.552
13.552
60,712
.0
.0
.7
.7
.9
.8
.2
.9
.0
.2
.8
.1
.2
.2
.6
.6
.9
*
1
I
t-
t
t-
C
c
t
f
j!
t
c
t
f
c
t
1
-------
Table XII-2
PSES AND PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
M
00
*>.
O
Wastewater Stream
i^,n stripping
Filrr. stripping wet air pollution
control and precipitation and
filtration of film stripping
solutions wet air pollution
control
Precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions
Precipitation and filtration of photo-
graphic solutions wet air pollution
control
Electrolytic refining
Furnace wet air pollution control
PSES and PSNS
Normalized
D18charge Rate
I/troy ounce
50.35
0.97
57.57
26.6
12.14
0.76
0
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from film stripping
troy ounces of
silver produced
from precipitation
and filtration of
film stripping
solutions
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
A.
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver refined
troy ounces of
silver smelted,
roasted, or dried
m
a
o
s;
o
m
H
i
50
w
c
to
o
w
m
m
o
(-3
H
H
-------
Table XII-2 (Continued)
PSES AND PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
to
00
Wastewater Stream
Leaching
Leaching wet air pollution control
and precipitation of nonphoto-
graphlc solutions wet air pollu-
tion control
Precipitation and filtration of non-
photographic solutions
Floor and equipment washdown wastewater
PSES and PSNS
Normalized
Discharge Rate
I/troy ounce
0.086
4.43
3.07
0
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching
troy ounces of
silver produced
from leaching
or precipitation
troy ounces of
silver precipitated
troy ounces of
silver produced
en
M
C
§
I
K
V
H
f
V
C
d
*
t-
t
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XII
TABLE XII-3
PSES EFFL0ENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER S0BCATEGORY
(a) Film Stripping PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
97.180
69.990
10.070
18.630
64.450
14.100
27.690
41.290
14.600
70.490
51.360
6712.000
43.300
31.220
4.028
7.553
30.710
6.546
18.630
18.630
6.042
30.710
21.150
2951.000
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
ControlPSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
rag/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.872
1.348
0.194
0.359
1.242
0.272
0.534
0.795
0.281
1.358
0.989
129.300
0.834
0.601
0.078
0.146
0.592
0.126
0.359
0.359
0.116
0.592
0.407
56.840
*Regulated Pollutant
2842
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-3 (Continued)
PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony 111.100 49.510
Arsenic 80.020 35.690
Cadmium 11.510 4.606
Chromium 21.300 8.636
*Copper 73.690 35.120
Lead 16.120 7.484
Nickel 31.660 21.300
Selenium 47.210 21.300
Silver 16.700 6.908
Thallium 80.600 35.120
*Zinc 58.720 24.180
*Ammonia (as N) 7674.000 3374.000
(d) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
51.34C
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
22.880
16,490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
*Regulated Pollutant
2843
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT -XII
TABLE XI1-3 (Continued)
PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia {as N)
23.430
16.880
2.428
4.492
15.540
3.399
6.677
9.955
3.521
17.000
12.380
1618.000
10.440
7.527
0.971
1.821
7.405
1.578
4.492
4.492
1.457
7.405
5.099
711.400
(f) Electrolytic Refining PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.467
1.056
0.152
0.281
0.973
0.213
0.418
0.623
0.220
1.064
0.775
101.300
0.654
0.471
0.061
0.114
0.464
0.099
0.281
0.281
0.091
0.464
0.319
44.540
*Regulated Pollutant
2844
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XII
TABLE XII-3 (Continued)
PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(9) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average"
rag/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(h) Leaching PSES
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
0.166
0.120
0.017
0.03,2
0.110
0.024
0.047
0.071
0.025
0.120
0.088
11.460
0.074
0.053
0.007
0.013
0.052
0.011
0.032
0.032
0.010
0.052
0.036
5.040
*Regulated Pollutant
2845
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-3 (Continued)
PSES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation o£_
NonphotographicSolutions Wet Air~Pollution Control PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
. or silver
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
8.550
6.158
0.886
1.639
5.670
1.240
2.437 '
3.633
Ii285
6.202
4.519
590.500
3.810
2.747
0.354
0.665
2.702
0.576
1.639
1.639
0.532
2.702
1.861>
259.600
(j) Precipitation and Filtration of Nonphotographic Solutions
PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
*Regulated Pollutant
2846
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-3 (Continued)
Pf.ES EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown Water PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
silver production
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2847
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4
PSNS EFFL0ENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(a) Film Stripping PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
nig/troy ounce of silver from film stripping
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
97.180
69.990
10.070
18.630
64.450
14.100
27.690
41.290
14.600
70.490
51.360
6712.000
43.300
31.220
4.028
7.553
30.710
6.546
18.630
18.630
6.042
30.710
21.150
2951.000
(b) Film Stripping Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation
and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions Wet Air Pollution
Control PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of film
stripping solutions
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.872
1.348
0.194
0.359
1.242
0.272
0.534
0.795
0.281
1.358
0.989
129.300
0.834
0.601
0.078
0.146
0.592
0.126
0.359
0.359
0.116
0.592
0.407
56.840
*Regulate
-------
SECONDARY SILVEH SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(c) Precipitation and Filtration of Film Stripping Solutions
PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony 111,100 49.510
Arsenic 80.020 35.690
Cadmium 11.510 4.606
Chromium 21.300 8.636
*Copper 73.690 35.120
Lead 16.120 7.484
Nickel 31.660 21.300
Selenium 47.210 21.300
Silver 16.700 6.908
Thallium 80.600 35.120
*Zinc 58.720 24.180
*Ammonia (as N) 7674.000 3374.000
(d) P r_ec_ip it a t i on and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
51.340
36.970
5.320
9.842
34.050
7.448
14.630
21.810
7.714
37.240
27.130
3546.000
22.880
16.490
2.128
3.990
16.230
3.458
9.842
9.842
3.192
16.230
11.170
1559.000
*Regulated Pollutant
2849
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY
SECT
XII
TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)
PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(e) Precipitation and Filtration of Photographic Solutions
Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
rug/troy ounce of silver from precipitation and filtration of
photographic solutions
Ant imony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
23.430
16.880
2.428
4.492
15.540
3.399
6.677
9.955
3.521
17.000
12.380
1618.000
10.440
7.527
0.971
1.821
7.405
1.578
4.492
4.492
1.457
7.405
5.099
711.400
(f) Electrolytic Refining PSNS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from electrolytic refining
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
1.467
1.056
0.152
0.281
0.973
0.213
0.418
0.623
0.220
1.064
0.775
101.300
0.654
0.471
0.061
0.114
0.464
0.099
0.281
0.281
0.091
0.464
0.319
44.540
*Regulated Pollutant
2850
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)
PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(g) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver roasted, smelted, or dried
Antimony 0.000 0.000
Arsenic 0.000 0.000
Cadmium 0.000 0.000
Chromium 0.000 0.000
*Copper 0.000 0.000
Lead 0.000 0.000
Nickel 0.000 0.000
Selenium 0.000 0.000
Silver 0.000 0.000
Thallium 0.000 0.000
*Zinc 0.000 0.000
*Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
(h) Leaching PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
* Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*zinc
* Ammonia (as N)
0.166
0.120
0.017
0.032
,0.110
0.024
0.047
0.071
0.025
0.120
0.088
11.460
0.074
0.053
0.007
0.013
0.052
0.011
0.032
0.032
0.010
0.052
0.036
5.040
*Regulated Pollutant
2851
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
* f * ' i
TABLE XI1-4 (Continued)
PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY
(i) Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control and Precipitation of
NonphotographicSolutions Wet Air~Pollutipn Control PSNS
Pollutant or ^Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver from silver produced from leaching
or silver
Antimony
Arsenic •
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
8.550
6.158
0.886
1.639
5.670
1.240
2,437
3.633
1 . 285
6.202
4.519
590.500
3.810
2.747
0.354
0.665
2.702
0.576
1.639
1.639
0.532
2.702
1.861
259.600
(j) p_r ecipi tat ion and Filtration of No npho t og r aph i c Solutions
PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver precipitated
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
*Copper
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
*Zinc
*Ammonia (as N)
5.925
4.267
0.614
1.136
3.930
0.860
1.689
2.517
0.890
4.298
3.131
409.200
2.640
1.903
0.246
0.461
1.873
0.399
1.136
1.136
0.399
1.873
1.289
179.900
*Regulated Pollutant
2852
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SOBCATEGORY SECT ~ XII
TABLE XII-4 (Continued)
PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY
(k) Floor and Equipment Washdown Water PSNS
Pollutant or . Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/troy ounce of silver production
Antimony 0.000 0.000
Arsenic 0.000 0.000
Cadmium 0.000 0.000
Chromium 0.000 0.000
*Copper 0.000 0.000
Lead 0.000 0.000
Nickel , 0.000 0.000
Selenium 0.000 0.000
Silver 0.000 0.000
Thallium 0.000 0.000
*Zinc 0.000 0.000
*Ammonia (as N) 0.000 0.000
*RegulatedPollutant'
2853
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2854
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATE60RY SECT -XIII
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) for the secondary silver subcategory at this
time.
2855
-------
SECONDARY SILVER SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2856
-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
for the
Secondary Mercury Subcategory
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Rebecca Hanmer
Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards,,
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hal.1, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office o.l Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
2857
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
2858
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Section
I SUMMARY 2865
II CONCLUSIONS 2867
III SUBCATEGORY PROFILE 2871
Description of Secondary Mercury Production 2871
Raw Materials 2871
Separation of Gross Impurities 2871
Distillation 2872
Acid Washing 2872
Process Wastewater Sources 2872
Other Wastewater Sources 2873
Age, Production, and Process Profile 2873
IV SUBCATEGORIZATION 2879
Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary 2879
Mercury Subcategory
Other Factors 2880
Production Normalizing Parameters 2880
V WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 2881
Wastewater Flow Rates 2882
Wastewater Characteristics Data 2882
Data Collection Portfolios 2882
Field Sampling Data 2883
Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by 2883
Subdivision
Spent Battery Electrolyte 2883
Acid Wash and Rinse Water 2884
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2884
VI SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS 2887
Conventional Pollutant Parameters 2887
Conventional Pollutant Parameters Selected 2887
Toxic Priority Pollutants 2887
Priority Pollutants Never Detected 2887
Priority Pollutants Never Found Above Their 2887
Analytical Quantification Concentration
Priority Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 2889
Achievable by Treatment
Priority Pollutants Selected for Further 2889
Consideration in Establishing Limitations
and Standards
2859
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
VII CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 2895
Current Control and Treatment 2895
Practices
Spent Battery Electrolyte 2895
Acid Wash and Rinse Water 2985
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control 2896
Control and Treatment Options 2896
Option A 2896
Option C 2896
VIII COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY 2897
ASPECTS
Treatment Options for New Sources 2897
Option A 2897
Option C 2897
Cost Methodology 2897
Nonwater Quality Aspects 2898
Energy Requirements 2898
Solid Waste 2898
Air Pollution 2900
IX BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 2903
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
X BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY 2903
ACHIEVABLE
XI NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2905
Technical Approach to NSPS 2905
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 2906
Pollutant Removal Estimates 2906
Compliance Costs 2907
NSPS Option Selection - Proposal 2908
NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation 2908
Wastewater Discharge Rates 2908
Spent Battery Electrolyte 2909
Acid Wash and Rinse Water 2909
Furnace Wet Air Pollution 2909
Control
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2909
New Source Performance Standards 2930
2860
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
*
Section Page
XII PRETREATMENT STANDARDS 2917
Technical Approach to Pretreatment 2917
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources 2917
PSNS Option Selection 2918
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 2918
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources 2918
XIII BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL 2923
TECHNOLOGY
2861
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SOBCATEGORY
LIST OP TABLES
Table
III-l
III-2
III-3
V-l
V-2
V-3
VI-1
VIII-1
XI-1
XI-2
XI-3
XI-4
XII-1
XII-2
Title Page
Initial Operating Year (Range) Summary 2874
of Plants in the Secondary Mercury
Subcategory by Discharge Type
Production Ranges for the Secondary 2875
Mercury Subcategory
Summary of Subcategory Processes and 2875
Associated Waste Streams
Water Use and Discharge Rates for 2885
Spent Battery Electrolyte
Water Use and Discharge Rates for 2885
Acid Wash and Rinse Water
Water Use and Discharge Rates for 2886
Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 2891
Cost of Compliance for New Source 2901
Model Plants in the Secondary
Mercury Subcategory*
Pollutant Removal Estimates for 2911
New Source Model Plants*
Cost of Compliance for New Source 2912
Model Plants in the Secondary
Mercury Subcategory*
NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates 2912
for the Secondary Mercury
Subcategory
NSPS for the Secondary Mercury 2913
Subcategory
PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 2920
Secondary Mercury Subcategory
PSNS for the Secondary Mercury 2921
Subcategory
2862
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCAT1GORY
LIST OP FIGURES
Figures • Title Page
III-l Secondary Mercury Production Process 2876
III-2 Geographic Locations of the Secondary 2877
Mercury Subcategory Plants
XI-1 NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option A 2914
XI-2 MSPS Treatment Scheme for Option C 2915
2863
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SDBCATEGORY
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2864
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
SECTION I
SUMMARY
This document provides the technical basis for promulgating
pretreatment standards for new indirect dischargers (PSNS) and
standards of performance for new source direct dischargers
(NSPS). The secondary mercury subcategory is comprised of four
plants. Two plants achieve zero discharge of process wastewater,
and two plants do not generate process wastewater.
EPA first studied the secondary mercury subcategory to determine
whether differences in raw materials, final products,
manufacturing processes, equipment, age and size of plants, or
water usage, required the development of separate effluent
limitations and standards for different segments of the
subcategory. This involved a detailed analysis of wastewater
discharge and treated effluent characteristics, including the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the constituents
of wastewaters including priority pollutants. As a result, three
subdivisions have been identified for this subcategory that
warrant separate effluent limitations. These include:
1. Spent battery electrolyte,
2. Acid wash and rinse water, and >••
3. Furnace wet air pollution control.
Several distinct control and treatment technologies (both in-
plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to the secondary mercury
subcategory were identified. The Agency analyzed both historical
and newly generated data on the performance of these
technologies, including their nonwater quality environmental
impacts and air quality, solid waste generation, and energy
requirements. EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp) and plant
visits.
Engineering costs were prepared for each of the control and
treatment options considered for the subcategory. These costs
were then used by the Agency to estimate the impact of
implementing the various options on the subcategory. For each
control and treatment option that the Agency found to be
effective and technically feasible in controlling the discharge
of pollutants, the number of potential closures, number of
employees affected, and impact on price were investigated. These
results are reported in a separate document entitled "The
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations and Standards
for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."
No plants in the secondary mercury subcategory discharge process
wastewater. This is achieved by 100 percent recycle on-site or by
contractor disposal of process wastewater, or is a result of a
2865
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
production process that generates no process wastewater.
Therefore, BPT, BAT, BCT, and PSES are not being promulgated for
this subcategory. The secondary mercury subcategory is regulated
under New Source Performance Standards and Pretreatment Standards
for New Sources.
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
has identified best demonstrated technology, which is the
technical basis of NSPS, to represent the best existing
technology in the nonferrous metals manufacturing category.
Metals removal based on chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and multimedia filtration technology is the basis for the NSPS
limitations. In selecting NSPS, EPA recognizes that new plants
have the opportunity to implement the best and most efficient
manufacturing processes and treatment technologies available.
PSES is not being promulgated for this subcategory because there
are no existing indirect dischargers in the secondary mercury
subcategory. For PSNS, the Agency selected end-of-pipe treatment
techniques equivalent to NSPS.
BCT is not being promulgated because there are no direct
dischargers.
The mass limitations for NSPS and PSNS are presented in Section
II.
2866
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS
EPA has divided the secondary mercury subcategory into three
subdivisions or building blocks for the purpose of effluent
limitations and standards. These subdivisions are:
(a) Spent battery electrolyte,
(b) Acid wash and rinse water, and
(c) Furnace wet air pollution control.
BPT is not being promulgated because there are no direct
dischargers in the secondary mercury subcategory.
BAT is not being promulgated because there are no direct
dischargers in the secondary mercury subcategory.
NSPS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration technology. The following effluent
standards are promulgated for new sources?
(a) Spent Battery Electrolyte NSPS
Pollutant or:Maximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
/
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury produced from batteries
Lead 0.030 0.014
Mercury 0.016 0.006
TSS 1.590 1.272
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Acid Wash and Rinse Water NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed and rinsed
Lead 0.00056 0.00026
Mercury 0.00030 0.00012
TSS 0.03000 0.02400
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
2867
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury processed through furnace
Lead 0.000 0.000
Mercury 0.000 0.000
TSS 0.000 0.000
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
PSES is not being promulgated because there are no indirect
dischargers in the secondary mercury subcategory.
PSNS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation. sedimentationf and
multimedia filtration technology. The following pretreatment
standards are promulgated for new sources:
(a) Spent Battery Electrolyte PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury produced from batteries
Lead 0.030 0.014
Mercury 0.016 0.006
Acid Wash and Rinse Water PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed and rinsed
Lead 0.00056 0.00026
Mercury 0.00030 0.00012
2868
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control PSK'S
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury processed through furnace
Lead 0.000 0.000
Mercury 0.000 0.000
BCT is not being promulgated for the secondary mercury
subcategory at this time.
2869
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SOBCATEGORY SECT - II
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2870
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - -III
SECTION III
SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This , section of the secondary mercury supplement describes the
raw materials and processes used in producing secondary mercury
and presents a profile of the secondary mercury plants identified
in this study. For a discussion of the purpose, authority, and
methodology for this studyf and a general description of the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category, refer to Section III of
Vol. I.
Mercury is used in numerous agricultural, chemical and electrical
applications. Mercury is used extensively in the chemical
industry, particularly in the production of chlorine and caustic
soda. Mercury compounds are also used extensively in paints and
as catalysts. Agricultural uses of mercury include germicides
for seed protection and weed control, and fungicidal fruit
sprays. Electrical applications include low-pressure and high
pressure mercury vapor lamps, power control switches, and drycell
batteries. Other uses are in barometers, thermometers, as a
vibration damper, and as a coolant. Mercury produced from
secondary sources is used in many applications, such as those
described above.
DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY MERCURY PRODUCTION
The production of secondary mercury can bei divided into three
distinct stages: separation of gross impurities, distillation,
and acid washing. The actual processes used in each stage vary
with the type and purity of the raw material used. The secondary
mercury production process is presented schematically in Figure
III-l (page 2876) and is described below.
RAW MATERIALS
Mercury can be reclaimed from a variety of raw materials.
including thermometers, switches, filters, controls, zinc and
silver amalgams, mercuric oxide battery cells, and other types of
scrap. Secondary mercury annually supplies the United States with
approximately 20 percent of domestic requirements. Several
plants refining secondary mercury also refine prime virgin
mercury. Although prime virgin mercury can be considered to be a
primary raw material, its refining is included with secondary
mercury, because it is refined on-site with secondary mercury
using the same equipment and production processes.
SEPARATION OF GROSS IMPURITIES
Depending on the type of raw material being processed, gross
impurities, such as glass from mercury thermometers, or spent
electrolyte from mercuric oxide battery cells, may have to be
2871
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
separated from the mercury. The separation of gross impurities
must occur prior to distilling the mercury. Raw materials such
as thermometers, switches, filters, controls, and zinc and silver
amalgams may be separated from their gross impurities by roasting
in a furnace. The mercury is separated from impurities by
vaporizing it, and then recovering mercury by condensation The
nonvolatilized solids are removed from the furnace after all the
mercury has been removed. A water scrubber may be used to
control air emissions from the mercury furnace and condenser, and
the scrubber may have a discharge from it.
Before mercury can be recovered from mercuric oxide battery
cells, the battery electrolyte must be removed. On a small
scale, this is most likely accomplished by manually draining the
spent electrolyte from each cell. Spent electrolyte removed in
this step is a wast'e stream.
DISTILLATION
Mercury distillation columns, also known as retorts stills, or
kettles, are used to produce high-purity mercury. No wastewater
is generated by this process. A typical distillation process
consists of charging raw, impure mercury into the bottom of a
still and heating the charge to a prescribed temperature, some.
what less than the boiling point of mercury, 356.9°C. While
heating the charge, air may be bubbled through the still in order
to oxidize metallic impurities, such as lead, zinc, cadmium,
copper or tin. When the charge reaches the critical temperature.
the mercury begins to vaporize, and the mercury is recovered in
an overhead, water cooled condensing system. Mercury
distillation may be run batchwise or continuously, and in both
cases it can be considered a dry process. None of the water used
in the condensing coils contacts the mercury.
Multiple distillation units may be operated in series to produce
high purity (approximately 99.999999 percent) mercury. Like the
single distillation process, no wastewater is generated by
multiple distillation units.
ACID WASHING
Another method for further purifying mercury is acid washing and
rinsing. In this method, a small amount of dilute nitric acid is
used to wash the distilled mercury product, and then a small
amount of distilled water is used to wash the residual acid from
the mercury product. Mercury of 99.9 percent purity can be
produced in this manner. The acid wash and rinse water may be
discharged from this process as a waste stream.
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES
Although a variety of processes are involved in secondary mercury
production the process wastewater sources can be subdivided as
follows?
2872
-------
SECONDARY MERCORY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
1. Spent battery electrolyte,
2. Acid wash and rinse water, and
3. Furnace wet air pollution control.
OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES
There are other wastewater streams associated with the secondary
mercury subcategory. These wastewater streams may include
stormwater runoff, maintenance and cleanup water, and noncontact
cooling water. These waste streams are not considered as a part
of this rulemaking. EPA believes that the flows and pollutant
loadings associated with these waste streams are insignificant
relative to the waste streams selected, or are best handled by
the appropriate permit authority on a case-by-case basis under
authority of Section 402 of the Clean Water Act.
AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE
Figure III-2 (page 2877) shows the locations of the four
secondary mercury plants operating in the United States. Two of
the four plants are located near the industrial centers of the
Northeast, one is in Illinois, and one in California,
Table III-l (page 2874) shows the relative age and discharge
status of the mercury plants and illustrates that all the plants
were built after World War II. The average plant age is 30 years
old. From Table IIi-2 (page 2875), it can be seen that two
plants produce between 50 and 100 tons per year of metal, while
one plant produces less than 25 tons per year. Mean production
is about 55 tons per year.
Table III-3 (page 2875) provides a summary of the number of
plants generating wastewater for the waste streams associated
with various processes and the number of plants with the process.
2873
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Table III-l
INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OF PLANTS
IN THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
Initial Operating Year (Range)
(Plant Age in Years)
1982- 1967- 1957-
Type 1968 1958 1948
of Plant (0-15) (16-25) (26-35) Total
*One plant did not report initial operating year
Direct 0000
Indirect 0000
Zero 0022
Dry 0102*
TOTAL 0014
2874
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
Table II1-2
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Mercury Production Range for 1982
0-25
Plant (tons/yr)
0
0
1
0
25-50
( tons/yr)
0
0
0
0
50-100
( tons/yr)
0
0
i
i
Total Number
of Plants
0
0
2
2*
4" -
Direct
Indirect
Zero
Dry
* One plant did not report mercury production,
Table III-3
SUMMARY OF SUBCATEGORY PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED
WASTE STREAMS
Process or Waste Stream
Spent battery electrolyte
Furnace wet air pollution control
Distillation
Acid wash and rinse water
Number of
Plants With
Process or
Waste Stream
Number
of Plants
Reporting
Generation
of Wastewater*
1
1
4
1
1
0
0
1
*Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may "generate"
a wastewater from a particular process but not discharge it.
2875
-------
— >
KuuUlo^J Hdrcury:
Flltum
Conimlu "™- ~~ *•
Zinc Jit'l Silver
Hcrciirli: Ox ME
ItalKfy cUill* — — •*
M
00
01
Stray Mercury
PritK! Vlrnln ,
Hercury
Air fallulliMi
Cuntrul
1 '
Sultdtt
B^v.J
Keauvc S|n!ltt
0J
Spent
Kluctralyte
®,
H*:n.ury
Heronry
w
o
S
Dlluta Distilled S
WWj M.jO ^
1 1 §
O
UluiilUtimt lercury Ai-id Hath High purity C
fruduct Product . ^
w
1 5)1 §
1 ' - ®l I
iBpurltlcn Umih *nd g
Rciuvcd RlnBi! U«ter 3
O
K
OlatlllMton ^Hlgh Purity
Column *" (99.99*1) M
1 ?
l»purltl«!i
Kemved {"j
r™l
M
Figure III-l
SECONDARY MERCURY PRODUCTION PROCESS
-------
oo
•sj
•s]
Z - Zero Process Waatewater Discharge Plants
Dry - No Process Waatewater Generation
M
O
Q
s
w
Jd
o
c
a
w
g
1
W
n
o
H
H
H
Figure III-2
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY PLANTS
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY S0BCATEGORY SECT - III
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2878
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
SECTION IV
SUBCATEGORIZATION
This section summarizes the factors considered during the
designation of the secondary mercury subcategory and its related
subdivisions. Production normalizing parameters for each
subdivision will also be discussed.
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY MERCURY
SUBCATEGQRY
The general factors for subcategorization listed previously were
each evaluated when considering subdivision of the secondary
mercury subcategory. In the discussion that follows, the factors
will be described as they pertain to this subcategory.
The rationale for considering subdivision of the secondary
mercury subcategory is based primarily on differences in the
production processes and raw materials used. Within this
subcategory, a number of different operations are performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require the establishment of separate effluent limitations.
While secondary mercury is considered a single subcategory, a
more thorough examination of the production processes has
illustrated the need for limitations and standards based on
specific flow allowances for the following subdivisions:
1. Spent battery electrolyte,
2. Acid wash and rinse water, and
3. Furnace wet air pollution control.
These subdivisions follow directly from differences within the
three distinct production states of secondary mercury:
separation of gross impurities, distillation, and additional
purification. A secondary mercury plant may have one, two, or
all three of these production states.
Separation of gross impurities such as spent battery electrolyte
or glass from thermometers gives rise to the first and third
subdivisions: spent battery electrolyte and furnace wet air
pollution control. A plant which recovers mercury from mercuric
oxide battery cells must first drain the spent electrolyte from
the cells. This wastewater may be discharged. A plant which
recovers mercury from recycled thermometers, switches, filters,
and amalgams may remove the mercury from the unwanted solids by
vaporizing mercury in a furnace. After condensing the product
mercury, the air emissions may be controlled with a scrubber. The
furnace scrubber may have a discharge, and this creates the need
for the third subdivision.
Additional purification of the mercury product gives rise to the
secpnd subdivision: acid wash and rinse water. After distilling
2879
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SU1CATEGORY SECT - IV
*
the mercury, it may be washed with acid and rinsed with water to
increase its purity. The acid wash and rinse water may be
discharged as a waste stream.
OTHER FACTORS
The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to be
inappropriate bases for subdivision. Air pollution control
methods, treatment costs, and total energy requirements are
functions of the selected subcategorization factors — metal
product, raw materials, and production processes. Therefore,
they are not independent factors and do not affect the
subcategorization which has been applied. Certain other factors,
such as plant age, plant size, and the number of employees were
also evaluated and determined to be inappropriate for use as
bases for subdivision of secondary mercury plants.
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS
As discussed previously, the effluent limitations and standards
developed in this document establish mass limitations for the
discharge of specific pollutant parameters. To allow these
regulations to be applied to plants with various production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit of production. This factor is known as the production
normalizing parameter (PNP).
In general, for each production process which has a wastewater
associated with it, the actual mass of mercury product or inter-
mediate produced will be used as the PNP Thus, the PNPs for the
three subdivisions are as follows;
Subdivision PNP
1. Spent battery electrolyte mercury produced from
batteries
2. Acid wash and rinse water mercury washed and rinsed
3. Furnace wet air pollution mercury processed through
control furnace
Other PNPs were considered. The use of production capacity in-
stead of actual production was eliminated from consideration be-
cause the mass of the pollutant produced is more a function of
true production than of installed capacity.
2880
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
This section describes the characteristics of the wastewaters
associated with the secondary mercury subcategory. Water use and
discharge rates are explained and then summarized in tables at
the end of this section. Data used to characterize the
wastewaters are presented. Finally, the specific source, water
use and discharge flows, and wastewater characteristics for each
separate wastewater source are discussed.
The two principal data sources were used in the development of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory are data
collection portfolios (dcp) and field sampling results. Data
collection portfolios contain information regarding wastewater
flows and production levels.
In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from secondary
mercury plants, the levels of priority pollutants in the
wastewaters must be known. Since field sampling was not
performed at any plants in the secondary mercury subcategory,
analytical data, presented in Section V of the supplement for the
primary precious metals and mercury subcategory, were transferred
from a primary mercury plant to characterize wastewater in the
secondary mercury subcategory. In general, the samples were
analyzed for two classes of pollutants (including 13 of the 126
priority pollutants): priority metal pollutants and criteria
pollutants (which includes both conventional and nonconventional
pollutants). Because the analytical standard for TCDD was judged
to be too hazardous to be made generally available, samples were
never analyzed for this pollutant. Samples were also never
analyzed for asbestos or cyanide. There is no reason to expect
that TCDD, asbestos, or cyanide would be present in secondary
mercury wastewater.
As described in Section IV of this supplement, the secondary
mercury subcategory has been divided into three wastewater source
oriented subdivisions or building blocks, so that the promulgated
regulation contains mass discharge limitations and standards for
three manufacturing processes that discharge process wastewater.
Differences in the wastewater characteristics associated with
these subdivisions are to be expected. For this reason,
wastewater streams corresponding to each subdivision are
addressed separately in the discussions that follow. These
wastewater sources are:
1. Spent battery electrolyte,
2. Acid wash and rinse water, and
3. Furnace wet air pollution control.
No additional sampling data for this subcategory were obtained
from EPA sampling efforts or industry comments between proposal
and promulgation. Characterization of secondary mercury
2881
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
subcategory wastewaters (Section V), and selection of pollutant
parameters for limitation (Section VI) are based upon the same
data used for proposal.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two flow-to-
production ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow, were
calculated for each stream. The two ratios are differentiated by
the flow value used in calculation. Water use is defined as the
volume of water or other fluid required for a given process per
mass of mercury product and is therefore based on the sum of
recycle and make-up flows to a given process. Wastewater flow
discharged after pretreatment or recycle (if these are present)
is used in calculating the production normalized flow — the
volume of wastewater discharged from a given process to further
treatment, disposal, or discharge per mass of mercury produced.
Differences between the water use and wastewater flows associated
with a given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and carry-
over on the product. The production values used in calculation
correspond to the production normalizing parameter, PNP, assigned
to each stream, as outlined in Section IV. As an example, acid
wash and rinse water flow is related to the amount of mercury
washed and rinsed. As such, the discharge rate is expressed in
liters of acid wash and rinse water per metric ton of mercury
washed and rinsed (gallons of acid wash and rinse water per ton
of mercury washed and rinsed).
The production normalized discharge flows were compiled and
statistically analyzed by stream type. These production
normalized water use and discharge flows are presented by
subdivision in Tables V-l through V-3 (pages 2885 - 2886). Where
appropriate, an attempt was made to identify factors that could
account for variations in water use and discharge rates. These
variations are discussed later in th'is section by subdivision. A
similar analysis of factors affecting the wastewater flows is
presented in Sections XI and XII where representative NSPS and
pretreatment flows are selected for use in calculating the
effluent limitations.
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS DATA
Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
secondary mercury production come from two sources — data
collection portfolios and analytical data from field sampling
trips.
DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS
In the data collection portfolios, the mercury plants that
generate wastewater were asked to specify the presence of
priority pollutants in their wastewater. No plants indicated
that any priority organic pollutants were present. However, one
of the two plants stated that they either knew priority metals to
be present or they believed the metals to be present. The
2882
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
responses for the metals and cyanide are summarized below:
Known Believed
Pollutant Present Present
Antimony 0 0
Arsenic 0 0
Beryllium 0 0
Cadmium 0 0
Chromium 0 0
Copper 00
Cyanide. 0 0
Lead 0 0
Mercury 1 1
Nickel 00
Selenium 0 0
Silver 0 0
Thallium 0 0
Zinc 0 0
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from secondary mercury plants, wastewater samples were
collected at one primary mercury plant, which roasts mercury ore
to produce mercury metal. Analytical data from the primary
mercury plant are presented in the supplement for the primary
precious metals and mercury subcategory. Primary mercury and
secondary mercury field sampling data are expected to show
similar characteristics because of similarities in raw materials
and production processes. Both plants roast or distill a
mercury-containing raw material and use wet scrubbers to control
emissions, and also wash their product to increase its purity.
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since secondary . mercury production involves three principal
sources of wastewater and each has potentially different
characteristics and flows, the wastewater characteristics and
discharge rates corresponding to each subdivision will be
described separately. A brief description of why the associated
production processes generate a wastewater and explanations for
variations of water use within each subdivision will also be
discussed.
SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE
One plant recovers mercury from mercuric oxide battery cells. The
first step in this recovery is to drain the spent electrolyte
from the cells. Spent battery electrolyte may be discharged as a
wastewater stream. Production normalized water use and discharge
rates for this waste stream are shown in Table V-l (page 2885),
in liters per metric ton of mercury produced from batteries.
This subdivision is similar to spent battery electrolyte from
lead batteries (see the battery cracking subdivision of the
2883
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
secondary lead subcategory), however, secondary mercury spent
electrolyte is not expected to have similar pollutant
characteristics nor similar production normalized flows.
Although spent battery electrolyte was not sampled, wastewater
from the primary mercury industry should have similar
characteristics to this waste stream. Spent battery electrolyte
should contain treatable concentrations of priority metals, total
suspended solids, and exhibit a low pH.
ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER
After recovering mercury in a distillation system, the product
may be washed with dilute nitric acid and rinsed with distilled
water in order to further purify it. Acid washing and water
rinsing produces a high-purity (99.9 percent) mercury product,
and also generates a wastewater stream which may be discharged.
The production normalized water use and discharge rates for acid
wash and rinse water are given in Table V-2 (page 2885) in liters
per metric ton of mercury washed and rinsed.
Although acid wash and rinse water was not sampled, data from the
primary mercury industry should be similar to this waste stream.
Acid wash and rinse water should contain treatable concentrations
of priority metals, total suspended solids, and exhibit a low pH.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
One plant recovers mercury from sources such as thermometers,
switches, contacts, and amalgams by heating the raw materials in
a furnace in order to vaporize the mercury. After condensing the
mercury product, air emissions from the furnace may be controlled
with a wet scrubber. The furnace scrubber may have a discharge
associated with it. Water use and discharge rates for furnace
wet air pollution control are presented in Table V-3 (page 2886).
Only one plant has this process and operates its scrubber at
100 percent recycle.
2884
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Table V-l
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE
(1/kkg of mercury produced from batteries)
Production
Production Normalized
Percent Normalized Discharge
Plant Code Recycle Water Use Flow
1161 0 106 106
Table V-2
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER
(1/kkg of mercury washed and rinsed)
Production
Production Normalized
Percent Normalized Discharge
Plant Code Recycle Water Use Flow
1161 0 2.0 2.0
2885
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Table V-3
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
(1/kkg of mercury processed through furnace)
Production
Production Normalized
Percent Normalized Discharge
Plant Code Recycle Water Use Flow
1011 100 Unknown
2886
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SOBCATEGORY SECT - VI
SECTION VI
SELECTION OP POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Although wastewater from secondary mercury facilities was not
sampled, it should have similar characteristics to wastewater
from a primary mercury facility. Analytical data from a primary
mercury plant are presented in Section V of the supplement for
primary precious metals and mercury. This section examines that
data and discusses the selection or exclusion of pollutants for
potential limitation.
%
The basis for the regulation of toxic and other pollutants along
with a discussion of each pollutant selected for potential
limitation is discussed in Section VI of the General Development
Document. That discussion provides information concerning the
nature of the pollutant (i.e., whether it is a naturally
occurring substance, processed metal, or a manufactured
compound); general physical properties and the form of the
pollutant; toxic effects of the pollutant in humans and other
animals; and behavior of the pollutant in POTW at the
concentrations expected in industrial discharges.
The discussion that follows presents and briefly discusses the
selection of conventional pollutants for effluent limitations.
Also described is the analysis that was performed to select or
exclude priority pollutants for further consideration for
limitations and standards. Pollutants will be considered for
limitation if they are present in concentrations treatable by the
technologies considered in this analysis. The treatable
concentrations used for the priority metals were the long-term
performance values achievable by chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration.
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
This study examined samples for the secondary mercury subcategory
for three conventional pollutant parameters (oil and grease,
total suspended solids, and pH).
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED
The conventional pollutants or pollutant parameters selected for
limitation in this subcategory are:
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH
No nonconventional pollutants or pollutant parameters are
selected for limitation in this subcategory.
TSS are expected to be present in secondary mercury wastewaters
in concentrations exceeding that achievable by identified
2887
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
treatment technologies (2.6 mg/1). In the primary mercury
plant's wastewater, TSS concentrations ranged front 4 mg/1 to
3,700 mg/1. Furthermore, most of the specific methods used to
remove toxic metals do so by converting these metals to
precipitates, and these toxic-metal-containing precipitates
should not be discharged. Meeting a limitation on total
suspended solids helps ensure that removal of these precipitated
toxic metals has been effective. For these reasons, total
suspended solids are selected for limitation in this subcategory.
Spent battery electrolyte and acid wash and rinse water are
expected to have pH values less than pH 7.5, which is outside the
pH 7.5 to 10 range considered desirable for discharge to
receiving waters. Four of the six primary mercury wastewater
samples had pH values between 2.3 and 2.6. Many deleterious
effects are caused by extreme pH values or rapid changes in pH.
Also, effective removal of toxic metals by precipitation requires
careful control of pH. Since pH control within the desirable
limits is readily attainable by available treatment, pH is
selected for limitation in this subcategory.
TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
Raw wastewater from secondary mercury plants was not sampled,
however, raw wastewater samples from the primary mercury industry
should be representative of the wastewater from secondary mercury
plants. These data provide the basis for the categorization of
specific pollutants, as discussed below. Treatment plant samples
were not considered in the frequency count.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
The priority pollutants listed in Table VI-1 (page 2891) were not
detected or not analyzed for in any raw wastewater samples?
therefore, they are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION
The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any raw wastewater
samplesi therefore, they are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations.
114. antimony
117. beryllium
119. chromium (Total)
120. copper
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
2888
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SOBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT
The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations because they were not found in any raw
wastewater samples above concentrations considered achievable by
existing or available treatment technologies. These pollutants
are discussed individually following the list.
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
Arsenic was detected above the quantification concentration but
below the treatable concentration in one sample analyzed. The
sample contained 0.32 mg/1 arsenic which is below the 0.34 mg/1
treatable concentration. Therefore, arsenic is not selected for
limitation.
Cadmium was detected above the quantification concentration in
one sample analyzed. The sample indicated a cadmium
concentration of 0.04 mg/1. This is below the 0.049 mg/1
treatable concentration, thus cadmium is not selected for
limitation.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION IN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
The priority pollutants listed below are selected for further
consideration in establishing limitations and standards for this
subcategory. The toxic pollutants selected for further
consideration for limitation are each discussed following the
list. ,
122. lead
123. mercury
127. thallium
128. zinc
Lead was detected above its treatable concentration of 0.08 mg/1
in one sample. This sample indicated a lead concentration of 22
mg/1. Lead is also expected to be present in wastewaters from
this industry because it is a contaminant of the raw materials
used for mercury recovery. Thus, lead is selected for further
consideration for limitation.
Mercury was present above treatable concentrations in the
wastewater from this industry. One sample showed a concentration
of 360 mg/1 of mercury. In the recovery of secondary mercury,
mercury contacts various aqueous streams in which it is partially
soluble. For these reasons, mercury is selected for further
consideration for limitation.
Thallium was detected above its treatable concentration of 0.34
mg/1 in one sample. This sample indicated 0.61 mg/1 of thallium.
Thus, thallium is selected for consideration for limitation.
2889
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
Zinc was detected above treatable concentrations in one sample
indicating 0.73 mg/1. Treatable concentration for zinc is 0.23
mg/1. Zinc is also expected to be present in wastewaters from
this industry because it is present in batteries which are used
as raw materials for secondary mercury recovery. Therefore, zinc
is selected for further consideration for limitation.
2890
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-1
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
1. aeenaphthene*
2. acrolein*
3. acrylonitrile*
4. benzene*
5. benzidine*
6. carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)*
7. chlorobenzene*
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene*
9. hexachlorobenzene*
10. 1,2-dichloroethane*
11. 1,1,1-triehloroethane*
12. hexachloroethane*
13. 1,1-dichloroethane*
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane*
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane*
16. chloroethane*
17. bis (chloromethyl) ether (Deleted)*
18. bis (2-chloroethyl) ether*
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)*
20. 2-chloronaphthalene*
21. 2,4,6-triehlorophenol*
22. parachlorometa cresol*
23. chloroform (trichloromethane)*
24. 2-chlorophenol*
25. I,2-dichlorooenzene*
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene*
27. 1,4'-dichlorobenzene*
28. 3.3 -dichlorobenzidine*
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene*
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene*
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol*
32. 1^2-dichloropropane*
33. 1.2-dichloropropylene (1.3-dichloropropene)*
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol*
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene*
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene*
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine*
38. ethylbenzene*
39. fluoranthene*
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether*
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether*
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether*
43. bis(2-choroerhoxy) methane*
44. methylene chloride (dichloromethane)*
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)*
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)*
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)*
2891
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-1 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
48. dichlorobromomethane*
49. trichlorofluoromethane (Deleted)*
50. dichlorodifluoromethane (Deleted)*
51. chlorodibromomethane*
52. hexachlorooutadiene*
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene*
54. isophorone*
55. naphthalene*
56. nitrobenzene*
57. 2-nitrophenol*
58. 4-nitrophenol*
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol*
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol*
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine*
62. N.nitrosodiphenylamine*
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine*
64. pentachlorophenol*
65. phenol*
66. bis(2~ethylhexyl) phthalate*
67. butyl benzyl phthalate*
68. di.n-butyl phthalate*
69. di-n-octyl phthalate*
70, diethyl phthalate*
71. dimethyl phthalate*
72. benzo (a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)*
73. benzo (a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)*
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene*
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane (11,12-benzofluoranthene)*
76. chrysene*
77. acenaphthylene*
78. anthracene*
79. benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)*
80. fluorene*
81. phenanthrene*
82. dibenzo (a,h)anthracene (1,2.5,6-dibenzarithraeene)*
83. indeno (1.2,3-cd)pyrene (wre,-o-phenylenepyrene)*
84. pyrene*
85. tetrachloroethylene*
86. toluene*
87. trichloroethylene*
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)*
89. aldrin*
90. dieldrin*
91. chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)*
92. 4,4'-DDT*
93. 4,4'-DDE(p,p'DDX)*
94. 4,4'-DDD(p,p'TDE)*
2892
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
TABLE VI-1 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
116.
121.
129.
Alpha-endosulfan*
Beta-endosulfan*
endosulfan sulfate*
endrin*
endrin aldehyde*
heptachlor*'
heptachlor epoxide*
Alpha-BHC*
Beta-BHC-*
Gamma-BBC .(lindane)*
Delta-BHC*
PCB-1242 (Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
1242}*
1254)*
1221)*
1232)*
1248)*
1260)*
1016)*
toxaphene*
asbestos (Fibrous)
cyanide (Total)*
2,3,7,8-tetra chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin CTCDD)
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1Z?Z
PCB-1Z?8
PCB-1Z60
PCB-1016
*We did not analyze for these pollutants in samples of raw
wastewater from this subcategory. These pollutants are not
believed to be present based on the Agency's best engineering
judgment which includes consideration of: raw materials and
process operations.
2893
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SOBCATEGORY SECT - VI
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2894
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters from secondary
mercury plants. This section summarizes the description of these
wastewaters and indicates the treatment technologies which are
currently practiced in the secondary mercury subcategory for each
waste stream. Secondly, this section presents the control and
treatment technology options which were examined by the Agency
for possible application to the secondary mercury subcategory.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently being applied to each of the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed
in Section v, wastewater associated with the secondary mercury
subcategory is characterized by the presence of the toxic metal
pollutants and suspended solids. This analysis is supported by
the raw (untreated) wastewater data presented for primary mercury
sources as well as raw materials and production processes as
shown in Section VI. Generally, these pollutants are present in
each of the waste streams at concentrations above treatability,
and these waste streams are commonly combined for treatment.
Construction of one wastewater treatment system for combined
treatment allows plants to take advantage of economic scale and
in some instances to combine streams of different alkalinity to
reduce treatment chemical requirements. No plants in this
subcategory currently treat their wastewater. One plant employs
contractor disposal of their wastewater, and one plant employs
100 percent recycle of scrubber liquor. The options selected for
consideration for NSPS and pretreattnent based on combined
treatment of these compatible waste streams will be summarized
toward the end of this section.
SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE
Mercury may be reclaimed from recycled mercuric oxide battery
cells. Before distilling the mercury contained in the battery,
the spent electrolyte must be drained. One plant processes
recycled batteries, and has their spent battery electrolyte
hauled away by an approved contractor.
ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER
After recovering mercury from recycled batteries by distillation,
the mercury product may be further purified. Purification is
effected by washing the mercury with dilute nitric acid, and then
rinsing it with water. One plant generates an acid wash and
rinse wastewater stream in this manner, and disposes of it by
having a contractor haul it away.
2895
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
Mercury may be reclaimed from scrap such as thermometers,
switches, filters, controls, amalgams, and soil samples by
vaporizing the mercury in a furnace. After recovering the
vaporized mercury by condensation, the air emissions from the
furnace may be controlled with a wet scrubber. One plant
practices furnace wet air pollution control, and recycles 100
percent of the scrubber liquor. There is no liquid effluent from
this process.
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
The Agency examined- two control and treatment technology options
that are applicable to the secondary mercury subeategory. The
options selected for evaluation represent a combination of end-
of-pipe treatment technologies. The effectiveness of these
technologies is detailed in Section VII of Vol. I.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary mercury subcategory requires control
and treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of wastewater
pollutant mass.
The Option A treatment scheme consists of chemical precipitation
and sedimentation technology. Specifically, lime or some other
alkaline compound is used to precipitate metal ions as metal
hydroxides. The metal hydroxides and suspended solids settle out
and the sludge is collected. Vacuum filtration is used to
dewater sludge.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary mercury subcategory consists of all
control and treatment requirements of Option A (chemical
precipitation and sedimentation) plus multimedia filtration
technology added at the end of the Option A treatment scheme.
Multimedia filtration is used to remove suspended solids,
including precipitates of metals, beyond the concentration
attainable by gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of
the gravity, mixed media type, although other forms of filters,
such as rapid sand filters or pressure filters would perform
satisfactorily. The addition of filters also provides consistent
removal during periods in which there are rapid increases in
flows or loadings of pollutants to the treatment system.
2896
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
This section presents a summary of compliance costs for the
secondary mercury subcategory and a.description of the treatment
options and subcategory-specific assumptions used to develop
these estimates. Together with the estimated pollutant removal
performance presented in Section XI of this supplement, these
cost estimates provide a basis for evaluating each regulatory
option. These cost estimates are also used in determining the
probable economic impact of regulation on the subcategory at
different pollutant discharge levels.
As there are no existing direct or indirect dischargers in this
subcategory, plant-by-plant compliance cost estimation was not
appropriate. Rather, based on analysis of the production
sampling data from plants presently in the subcategory,
compliance costs for new source model plants were estimated for
each of the considered treatment options. Since no new
information or data were received from industry comments between
proposal and promulgation, new source model plant compliance
costs for promulgation are the same as for proposal.
In addition, this section addresses nonwater quality
environmental impacts of wastewater treatment and control
alternatives, including air pollution, solid wastes, and energy
requirements, which are specific to the secondary mercury
subcategory.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR NEW SOURCES
As discussed in Section VII, two treatment options have been
developed and considered in proposing standards for the secondary
mercury subcategory. These options are summarized below and
schematically presented in Figures XI-1 and XI-2 Pages 2914 -
2915).
OPTION A
The Option A treatment scheme consists of chemical precipitation
and sedimentation technology.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary mercury subcategory consists of all
control and treatment requirements of Option A (chemical
precipitation and sedimentation) plus multimedia filtration
technology added at the end of the Option A treatment scheme.
COST METHODOLOGY
A detailed discussion of the methodology used to develop the
2897
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
compliance costs is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I.
Projected compliance costs for new source model plants in the
secondary mercury subcategory have been determined and are
presented in the administrative record supporting this
regulation. The costs developed for the promulgated regulation
are presented in Table VIII-1 (page 2901) for model new sources
in the secondary mercury subcategory.
Each of the general assumptions used to develop compliance costs
is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. Each subcategory contains
a unique set of waste streams requiring certain subcategory-
specific assumptions to develop compliance costs. Three major
assumptions relevant to the cost estimation of new source model
plants in the secondary mercury subcategory are discussed briefly
below.
(1) Operating hours are assumed to be 2,000 hours per year
(8 hrs/day, 250 days/yr).
(2) Treatment of the furnace wet air pollution control
wastewater stream is not included in the cost estimate
because it is considered a process step in the recovery
of mercury from furnace scrubber liquor.
(3) Pollutant concentration data for the two wastewater
streams included in the treatment scheme were
transferred from the calciner venturi scrubber in the
primary mercury subcategory.
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
Nonwater quality impacts specific to the secondary mercury
subcategory, including energy requirements, solid waste, and air
pollution are discussed below.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
The methodology used for determining the energy requirements for
the various options is discussed in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Energy requirements for new source model
plants are estimated at 2,300 kwh/yr for Option A and 3,500
kwh/yr for Option C. Option C energy requirements increase over
those for Option A because filtration is being added as an end-
of-pipe treatment technology. Both options represent less than
one percent of a typical existing plant's energy usage. It is
therefore expected that the energy requirements of the treatment
options considered will have no significant impact on total plant
energy consumption for new sources.
SOLID WASTE
Sludge generated in the secondary mercury subcategory is due to
the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using lime.
Sludges associated with the secondary mercury subcategory will
necessarily contain quantities of toxic metal pollutants. Wastes
2898
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
generated by secondary metal industries can be regulated as
hazardous. However, the Agency examined the solid wastes that
would be generated at secondary nonferrous metals manufacturing
plants by the suggested treatment technologies and believes they
are not hazardous wastes under . the Agency's regulations
implementing Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. None of the secondary mercury wastes are listed
specifically as hazardous, nor are they likely to exhibit a
characteristic of hazardous waste. This judgment is made based
on the recommended technology of lime precipitation and
filtration. By the addition of a small (5-10%) excess of lime
during treatment, similar sludges, specifically toxic metal-
bearing sludges, generated by other industries such as the iron
and steel industry passed the Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity
test. See 40 CFR $261.24. Thus, the Agency believes that the
wastewater sludges will .similarly not be EP toxic if the
recommended technology is applied.
Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result of these guidelines are not expected to be hazardous
generators of these wastes must test the waste to determine if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste
(see 40 CFR 262.11).
If these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA's "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point of generation to point of final disposition. EPA's
generator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements? if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR 262.20 45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980). The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous wastes
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR 263.20 45 FR 33151
(May 19, 1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980).
Finally, RCRA regulations establish standards for hazardous waste
treatment, storage, and disposal faciliticjs allowed to receive
such wastes. See 40 CFR Part 464 46 FR 2802 (January 12, 1981),
47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982).
Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they still
must be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open
dumping standards, implementing 4004 of RCRA. See 40 FR 53438
(September 13, 1979). It is estimated that a new source model
plant in the secondary mercury subcategory would generate an
estimated 12 kg/yr of sludge when implementing the promulgated
NSPS treatment technology, based on a production level of 50
metric tons of mercury per year. The Agency has calculated as
part of the costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling
and disposing of solid wastes.
2899
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
AIR POLLUTION
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems will result from implementation of chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia filtration. These
technologies transfer pollutants to solid waste and are not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
2900
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
TABLE VIII-1
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR NEW SOURCE MODEL
PLANTS IN THE SECONDARY MERCURY SOBCATEGORY*
(March, 1982 Dollars)
Total Required Total
Option Capital Cost Annual Cost
A 1,237 3,070
C 3,162 4,530
*Based on production of 50 metric tons of mesrcury per year
2901
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
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2902
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
The wastewater handling practices of the plants within the
secondary mercury subcategory were studied. BPT was found to be
not applicable to this industrial subcategory. Existing
performance of plants in the secondary mercury subcategory is
such that no discharge of process wastewater is presently
practiced. This is achieved by 100 percent recycle on-site or by
contractor disposal of process wastewater, or is a result of a
production process that generates no process wastewater. Since
there are no discharge from secondary mercury producers, BPT and
BAT mass limitations, with their corresponding treatment
technologies, need not be promulgated for this subcategory.
Rather, the secondary mercury subcategory will be regulated under
New Source Performance Standards in Section XI, and Pretreatment
Standards for New Sources in Section XII.
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
As described in Section IX, BAT is not applicable to the
secondary mercury subcategory because no plants in the data base
discharge process wastewater. Regulation of the secondary
mercury subcategory is covered in Section XI under New Source
Performance Standards, and Section XII under Pretreatment
Standards for New Sources.
2903
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
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2904
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
This section describes the technologies for treatment of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for regulated pollutants for NSPS in the secondary mercury
subcategory, based on the selected treatment technology. *
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
New source performance standards are based on the most effective
and beneficial technologies currently available. The Agency
reviewed and evaluated a wide range of technology options, and
elected to examine two technology options, applied to combined
wastewater streams, which could be applied to the secondary
mercury subcategory as alternatives for the basis of NSPS.
Treatment technologies considered for the NSPS options are
summarized below:
OPTION A (Figure XI-1, page 2914) is based on;
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
OPTION C (Figure XI-2 page 2915) is based on:
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
As explained in Section IV, the secondary mercury subcategory has
been subdivided into three potential wastewater sources. Since
the water use, discharge rates, and pollutant characteristics of
each of these wastewaters is potentially unique, effluent
limitations will be developed for each of the three subdivisions.
For each of the building blocks, a specific approach was followed
for the development of NSPS. The first requirement to calculate
these limitations is to account for production and flow
variability from plant to plant. Therefore, a unit of production
or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was determined for each
wastewater stream which could then be related to the flow from
the process to determine a production normalized flow. Selection
of the PNP for each process element is discussed in Section IV.
Each process within the subcategory was then analyzed to
determine (1) which subdivisions were present, (2) the specific
flow rates generated for each subdivision, and (3) the specific
production normalized flows for each subdivision. This analysis
is discussed in detail in Section V. Nonprocess wastewaters such
as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water are not
considered in the analysis.
Production normalized flows for each subdivision were analyzed to
determine which flow was to be used as part of the basis for
2905
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
NSPS. The selected flow (sometimes referred to as the NSPS
regulatory flow or NSPS discharge flow) reflects the water use
controls which are practiced within the subcategory. The NSPS
normalized flow is based on the average of all applicable data.
Nothing was found to indicate that the wastewater flows and
characteristics of new plants would not be similar to those from
existing plants, since the processes used by new sources are not
expected to differ from those used at existing sources.
For the development of NSPS, mass loadings were calculated for
each wastewater source or building block. This calculation was
made on a stream-by-stream basis, primarily because plants in
this subcategory may perform one or more of the operations in
various combinations. The mass loadings (milligrams of pollutant
per metric ton of production unit - mg/kkg) were calculated by
multiplying the NSPS normalized flow (1/kkg) by the
treatment effectiveness concentration using the NSPS treatment
system (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter to be limited under
NSPS.
The mass loadings which are allowed under NSPS for each plant
will be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
building blocks which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly, all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at secondary mercury plants.
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/kkg) is a link
between the production operations and the effluent limitations.
The pollutant discharge attributable to each operation can be
calculated from the normalized flow and effluent concentration
achievable by the treatment technology and summed to derive an
appropriate limitation for each plant.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
As one means of evaluating each technology option, EPA developed
estimates of the pollutant removals and the compliance costs
associated with each option. The methodologies are described
below. For both pollutant removals and compliance costs,
estimates reported at promulgation are the same as those reported
at proposal. This is because new information or data were not
received from industry during the comment period between proposal
and promulgation.
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
Since there are no existing discharging plants in the secondary
2906
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
mercury subeategory, the pollutant removal analysis was carried
out for new source model plants.
A complete description of the methodology used to calculate the
estimated pollutant removal achieved by the application of the
various treatment options is presented in Section X of Vol. I.
In short, sampling data used to characterize the major waste
streams considered for regulation was production normalized for
each unit operation (i.e., mass of pollutant generated per mass
of product manufactured). This value, referred to as the raw
waste was used to estimate the mass of toxic pollutants
generated within the secondary mercury subeategory. The
pollutant removal estimates were calculated for each plant by
first estimating the total mass of each pollutant in the
untreated wastewater. This was calculated by multiplying the raw
waste values by the corresponding new source model plant
production value for that stream and then summing these values
for each pollutant for every stream generated by the plant.
Next, the volume of wastewater discharged after the application
of each treatment option was estimated for each operation at each
plant by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory flow.
The smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the
other plant flows. The mass of pollutant discharged was then
estimated by multiplying the achievable concentration values
attainable with the option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of
process wastewater discharged by the subeategory. The mass of
pollutant removed is the difference between the estimated mass of
pollutant generated within the subeategory and the mass of
pollutant discharged after application of the treatment option.
The pollutant removal estimates for the new source model plant in
the secondary mercury subeategory are presented in Table Xl-1
(page 2911).
COMPLIANCE COSTS
In estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first step
was to develop a cost estimation model, relating the total costs
associated with installation and operation of wastewater
treatment technologies to plant process wastewater discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant. The plant's investment and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in place
and by its individual process wastewater discharge flow. As
discussed above, this flow is either the actual or the BDT
regulatory flow, whichever is lesser. The final step was to
annualize the capital costs, and to sum the annualized capital
costs, and the operating and maintenance costs for each plant,
yielding the cost of compliance for the subeategory. The
compliance costs associated with each option are presented in
Table XI-2 (page 2912) for new source model plants in the
secondary mercury subeategory. These costs were used in
assessing economic achievability.
2907
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA selected Option C for the proposed NSPS, which includes
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration.
The pollutants proposed for limitation under NSPS were lead,
mercury, total suspended solids, and pH. The estimated capital
cost of proposed NSPS was $3,162 and the estimated annual cost
was $4,530 (1982 dollars) for new facilities.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
The Agency received no industry comments on the proposed
regulation for the secondary mercury subcategory. Therefore,
the promulgated -regulation is equivalent to the proposed
regulation for the secondary mercury subcategory.
EPA is promulgating NSPS based on the best available demonstrated
technology for the secondary mercury subcategory which is
equivalent to Option C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and multimedia filtration). This selection is based on an
economic analysis of the two NSPS options and their impact on the
cost of building new production plants within the scope of this
subcategory. ERA believes the promulgated NSPS are economically
achievable, and that they are not. a barrier to entry of new
plants into this subcategory. The estimated capital cost of
promulgated NSPS for new source model plants is $3,162, and the
estimated annual cost is $4,530 (1982 dollars), based on
production of 50 metric tons of mercury per year. The end-of-
pipe treatment configuration for Option C is presented in Figure
XI-2 (page 2915).
WASTSWAT1R DISCHARGE RATES
A NSPS discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the average of the flows of the existing plants, as determined
from analysis of dcp. The discharge rate is used with the
achievable treatment concentrations to determine NSPS. Since the
discharge rate may be different for each wastewater source,
separate production normalized discharge rates for each of the
three wastewater sources are discussed below and summarized in
Table XI-3 (page 2912). The discharge rates are normalized on a
production basis by relating the amount of wastewater generated
to the mass of the product which is produced by the process
associated with the waste stream in question. These production
normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are also listed in Table XI-3.
Section V of this document further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents production normalized water use and discharge
rates for each plant by subdivision in Tables V-l through V-3
(pages 2885 - 2886). For all subdivisions, the proposed and
promulgated NSPS discharge rates are equivalent. These rates are
discussed below.
2908
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
SPENT BATTERY ELECTROLYTE
The proposed and promulgated NSPS wastewater discharge rate for
spent battery electrolyte is 106 liters per kkg of mercury
produced from batteries. This rate is allocated only for those
plants which drain electrolyte from mercuric oxide batteries
prior to recovering mercury. Water use and wastewater discharge
rates are presented in Table V-l (page 2885). One plant drains
spent battery electrolyte, and generates 106 1/kkg.
ACID WASH AND RINSE WATER
The proposed and promulgated NSPS wastewater discharge rate for
acid wash and rinse water is 2.0 liters per kkg of mercury washed
and rinsed. This rate is allocated only for those plants which
further purify their mercury product by washing with acid and
then rinsing with water. Water use and wastewater discharge
rates are presented in Table V-2 (page 2885). One plant further
purifies their mercury product in this manner, and generates 2.0
1/kkg.
FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
No NSPS wastewater discharge rate for furnace wet air pollution
control is provided based on 100 percent recycle of furnace
scrubber water, as demonstrated at the one plant operating this
process. This is shown in Table V-3 (page 2886).
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination and
evaluation was presented in Section VI. A total of Jrour
pollutants or pollutant parameters are selected for limitation
under NSPS and are listed belows
122. lead
123. mercury
TSS
pH
The Agency has chosen not to regulate all four priority
pollutants selected in Section VI for further consideration.
The high cost associated with analysis for priority metal
pollutants has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for
regulating and monitoring priority pollutant discharges from the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. Rather than developing
specific effluent mass .limitations and standards for each of the
priority metals found in treatable concentrations in the raw
wastewater from a given subcategory, the Agency is promulgating
effluent mass limitations only for those pollutants generated in
the greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal
analysis.
2909
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
By establishing limitations and standards for certain toxic metal
pollutants, dischargers will attain the same degree of control
over toxic metal pollutants as they would have been required to
achieve had all the priority metal pollutants been directly
limited.
This approach is technically justified since the treatable
concentrations used for chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology are based on optimized treatment for concomitant
multiple metals removal. Thus, even though metals have somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at very
nearly the same rate in a chemical precipitation and
sedimentation treatment system operated for multiple metals
removal. The mass limits established for lead and mercury will
ensure that thallium and zinc, the other two priority metals
selected for further consideration, will be adequately removed by
a lime and settle unit.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The treatable concentrations achievable by application of the
promulgated NSPS are discussed in Section VII of Vol. I and
summarized there in Table VII-21 (page 248). These treatable
concentrations (both one day maximum and monthly aver-age values)
are multiplied by the NSPS normalized discharge flows summarized
in' Table XI-3 (page 2912) to calculate the mass of pollutants
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations in milligrams of pollutant per kilogram of
product represent the NSPS effluent standards and are presented
in Table XI-4 (page 2913) for each individual waste stream.
2910
-------
Table Xl-1
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR NEW SOURCE MODEL PLANTS*
to
vo
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
TOTAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
(kg/yr)
0
0.0017
0.0002
0
0
0.0119
1 .9440
0
0
0
0.0033
0.0039
1.9651
0.4320
0.4320
2.3971
Option A
Discharge
(kg/vr)
0
0.0017
0.0002
0
0
0.0006
0.0003
0
0
0
0.0027
0.0018
0.0074
0.0646
0.0646
0.0720
Option A
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
0
0
0.0112
1.9437
0
0
0
0.0006
0.0022
1.9577
0.3674
0.3674
2.3250
Option C
Discharge
(kg/vr)
0
0.0017
0.0002
0
0
0.0004
0.0002
0
0
0
0.0018
0.0012
0.0056
0.0140
0.0140
0.0196
Option C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
0
0
0.0114
1 .9438
0
0
0
0.0015
0.0027
1.9594
0.4180
0.4180
2.3774
w
W
O
O
8
§
K
3
M
n
K
G
tt
o
1
Q
O
K
w
m
o
H
i
X
*Based on production of 50 metric tons mercury per year.
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR NEW SOURCE MODEL
PLANTS IN THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY*
{March, 1982 Dollars)
Option
A
C
Total Required
Capital Cost
1,237
3,162
Total
Annual Cost
3,070
4,530
*Based on production of 50 metric tons of mercury per year,
TABLE XI-3
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
Spent battery electrolyte
Acid wash and rinse water
Furnace wet air pollution
NSPS Normalized
Discharge Rate
1/kkg gal/ton
106
2.0
25.5
0.5
Production
Normalized
Parameter
mercury produced
from batteries
mercury washed
and rinsed
mercury control
processed
through
furnace
2912
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-4
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
(a) Spent Battery Electrolyte NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury produced from batteries
*Lead
*Mercury
Thallium
Zinc
*TSS
*pH
0.030
0.016
0.148
0.108
1.590
Within the range of 7.5
0.014
0.006
0.065
0.045
1.272
to 10.0 at all times
(b) Acid Wash and Rinse Water NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of mercury washed and rinsed
*Lead 0.00056 0.00026
*Mercury 0.00030 0.00012
Thallium 0.00280 0.00122
Zinc 0.00204 0.00084
*TSS 0.03000 0.02400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control
Pollutant or'Maximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg
*Lead
*Mercury
Thallium
Zinc
*TSS
*pH
(Ib/million Ibs) of mercury
through furnace
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10
control processei
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
2913
-------
Cfae*lc«l Addition
Sftmt jgu«cy Electr"lyj«
AcU UauU and ftiuM Utcer
*-
Equal ls*tlua
I
Ctiealcal
freclpltatloa
Sludge Recycle
Vacuum Flic me
Kurnai-a Uet Air rulltttloit Control
17
at
Moldtat
T.ok
••cycle —
UUclurgc
Sedlaeitcat Ion
Sludge
Sludge
CO
m
o
Q
Kj
S
M
»
O
H
Figure XI-1
NSPS TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION A
-------
Speut Battery Elect rulyie
AclJ UaMli and Rlnutt Uater
VO
H1
Ul
Utt Air Pollution Control
Clieatcat AOJltimi
equalisation
¥
Molding
Tank
Cbe*ical
Free Ipl tat tun
«=>(=,
Sl^dne Kecvclc
Recycle ^_
Vacuuai Filtrate
1
H
Figure XI-2
NSPS TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION C
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2916
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from sources in the secondary
mercury subcategory. Pretreatment standards for regulated
pollutants are presented based on the selected control and
treatment technology. Pretreatment standards for existing sources
(PSES) will not be promulgated for the secondary mercury
subcategory because there are no existing indirect dischargers in
this subcategory. However, pretreatment standards for new sources
(PSNS) for this subcategory will be promulgated.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
Before proposing and promulgating pretreatment standards, the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen sludge disposal practices. In determining whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving secondary
treatment, the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable. A
pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the average
percentage removed nationwide by well-operated POTW meeting
secondary treatment requirements is less than the percentage
removed by direct dischargers complying with BAT effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant. (See generally, 46 PR
at 9415-16 (January 28, 1981).)
This definition of pass-through satisfies two competing
objectives set by Congress: (1) that standards for indirect
discharg-ers be equivalent to standards for direct dischargers
while at the same time, (2) that the treatment capability and
performance of the POTW be recognized and taken into account in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The Agency compares percentage removal rather than the mass or
concentration of pollutants discharged because the latter would
not take into account the mass of pollutants discharged to the
POTW from non-industrial sources or the dilution of the
pollutants in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
Options for pretreatment of wastewaters from new sources are
based on increasing the effectiveness of end-of-pipe treatment
technologies. All in-plant changes and applicable end-of-pipe
2917
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SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
treatment processes have been discussed previously in Section XI.
The options for PSNSf therefore, are the same as the NSPS options
discussed in Section XI.
A description of each option is presented in Section XI, while a
more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled by each
treatment process, is presented in Section VII of Vol. I.
Treatment technologies considered for the PSNS options are:
OPTION A
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
OPTION C
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
PSNS OPTION SELECTION
Option C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration) has been selected as the treatment technology for the
proposed and promulgated pretreatment standards for new sources
(PSNS) on the basis that it achieves effective removal of toxic
pollutants at a reasonable cost. In addition, filtration is
demonstrated in the nonferrous metals manufacturing category at
25 plants, and will not result in adverse economic impacts.
The wastewater discharge rates for promulgated PSNS are identical
to the promulgated NSPS discharge rates for each waste stream.
The PSNS discharge rates are shown in Table XII-1 (page 2920). No
additional flow reduction measures for PSNS are feasible beyond
the flow allowances given for NSPS.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The toxic pollutants selected for limitation, in accordance with
the rationale of Sections VI and XI, are identical to those
selected for limitation for NSPS. It is necessary to promulgate
PSNS to prevent the pass-through of lead and mercury, which are
the limited pollutants. The toxic pollutants are removed by a
well operated POTW achieving secondary treatment at an average of
59 percent, while PSNS level technology removes approximately 99
percent.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
Pretreatment standards for new sources are based on the treatable
concentrations from the selected treatment technology (Option C),
and the discharge rates determined in Section XI for NSPS. A
mass of pollutant per mass of product (mg/kg) allocation is given
for each subdivision within the subcategory. This pollutant
allocation is based on the product of the treatable concentration
from the promulgated treatment (mg/1) and the production
2918
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
normalized wastewater discharge rate (1/kkg). The achievable
treatment concentrations for NSFS are identical to those for
PSNS, These concentrations are listed in Table VII-21 (page
248) of Vol. I. PSNS are presented in Table XII-2 (page 2921).
2919
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-1
PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
PSNS Normalized
Discharge Rate
1/kkg gal/ton
Production
Normalized
Parameter
Spent battery electrolyte 106
Acid wash and rinse water
Furnace wet air pollution
control
2.0
25.5
0.5
mercury produced
from batteries
mercury washed
and rinsed
mercury control
processed through
furnace
2920
-------
SECONDARY MERCORY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
Table XI1-2
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2922
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) for the secondary mercury subcategory at this
time.
2923
-------
SECONDARY MERCURY SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
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2924
ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1(88-625-943
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