-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
H
00
00
o
Pollutant
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
1)7.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
gamma -BUG
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene
ant 1 irony
arsenic
asbestos
beryllium
caJmium
chromium
copper
cyanide
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
7.1 nc
(«1)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
2 , 3 , 7 , 8 -tetrach lorodi benzo
p-dioxin
(TCOD)
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
0.005
0.005
0,005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
10 MFL
0,010
0.002
0,005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0,01
0.02
0.100
0.050
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
0,01
0.01
0.01
0,01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.47
0.34
10 HFL
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
Number of
Streams
Analyzed
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
NO
Detected Below
Quantification
Concentration
Detected
Below Treat-
able Concen-
tration
Detected
Above Treat-
able Concen-
tration
5
as
H
O
*
m
o
o
o
W
a
m
o
W
O
o
W
W
(a) Analytical quantification concentration was reported with the data (see Section V).
(b) Treatable concentrations for isetals are based on performance of line precipitation, sedimentation, anJ filtration; for organica, treatable
concentrations are based on performance of activated carbon.
<
H
(c), (d), (e) Reported together.
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
1. acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. 1.1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis (chloromethyl) ether (deleted)
18. bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 4,6-triehlorophenol
22. parachlorometa cresol
23. chloroform (trichloromethane)
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4—dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
29, 1,1-dichloroethylene
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. lf2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl. ether
41. 4—bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43. bis(2-choroethoxy) methane
44. methylene chloride (dichloromethane)
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluororaethane (deleted)
3881
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
50. dichlorodifluoromethane (deleted)
51. chlorodibromomethane
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,6-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N.nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo (a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthraeene)
73. benzo (a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane (11r!2-benzofluoranthene)
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene
79. benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene
82. dibenzo (a,h)anthracene (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene)
83. indeno (1,2,3-ed)pyrene (w,e,-o-phenylenepyrene)
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4 -DDE(p,p'DDX)
94. 4,4'-DDD(p.p'TDE)
95. Alpha-endosulfan
96. Beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulCate
98. endrin
99. endrin aldehyde
3882
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
SECT - VI
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105,
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
116.
121.
129.
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide
Alpha-BHC
Beta-BHC
Gamma-BHC (lindane)
Delta-BHC
PCB-1242 (Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
(Arochlor
{Arochlor
1242)
1254)
1221)
1232)
1248)
1260)
1016)
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene
asbestos (Fibrous)
cyanide*
2,3,7,8-tetra chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
*We did not analyze for this pollutant in samples of raw
wastewater from this subcategory. This pollutant is not
believed to be present based on the Agency's best engineering
judgment which includes consideration of raw materials and
process operations.
3883
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3884
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters from primary nickel
and cobalt plants. This section summarizes the description of
these wastewaters and indicates the treatment technologies which
are currently practiced in the primary nickel and cobalt
subcategory for each wastewater stream. Secondly, this section
presents the control and treatment technology options which were
examined by the Agency for possible application to the primary
nickel and cobalt subcategory.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently applied to each of the sources
generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed in
Section V, wastewater associated with the primary nickel and
cobalt subcategory is characterized by the presence of the toxic
metal pollutants and suspended solids. This analysis is
supported by raw (untreated) wastewater data presented for a
combined waste stream in Section V. Generally, these pollutants
are present in each of the waste streams at treatable
concentrations, and these waste streams are commonly combined for
treatment. Construction of one wastewater treatment system for
combined treatment allows plants to take advantage of economies
of scale and, in some instances, to combine streams of differing
alkalinity to reduce treatment chemical requirements. The one
plant in this subcategory currently has a combined wastewater
treatment system, consisting of chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration. Two options have been selected
for consideration for BPT, BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment in this
subcategory, based on combined treatment of these compatible
waste streams.
RAW MATERIAL DUST CONTROL
Copper matte is crushed and ground as a preliminary step in the
processing of primary nickel and cobalt. Dust and particulates
generated by the crushing and grinding operations are controlled
with a dry baghouse, and then slurried with water for
transportation to treatment. One plant treats this waste stream
as a combined wastewater with chemical precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration prior to direct discharge.
COBALT REDUCTION DECANT
The excess solution from the cobalt reduction autoclave furnace
is discharged, along with the nickel reduction decant, to a by-
product recovery system. In by-product recovery, the ammonium
3885
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL, AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
sulfate values are recovered in a fertilizer product. There is
no wastewater treatment for this stream.
NICKEL, REDUCTION DECANT
The excess solution from the nickel reduction autoclave furnace
is discharged to a by-product recovery system. In by-product
recovery, the ammonium sulfate values are recovered in a
fertilizer product. There is no wastewater treatment for this
stream.
NICKEL WASH WATER
After reducing nickel to powder in a hydrogen furnace, the powder
is washed with water. The wastewater produced here is combined
with other wastes and treated using lime, settle, and filter
technology described for the previous waste stream. Nickel wash
water is discharged directly after treatment.
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
The Agency examined two control and treatment technology options
that are applicable to the primary nickel and cobalt
subcategory. The options selected for evaluation represent a
combination of preliminary treatment technologies applicable to
individual waste screams and end-of-pipe treatment technologies.
The effectiveness of these technologies is presented in Section
VII of the General Development Document.
OPTION A
Option A for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory requires
control and treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of
wastewater pollutant mass.
The Option A treatment scheme consists of ammonia steam stripping
preliminary treatment to reduce the concentration of ammonia in
selected streams, and chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology. Specifically, lime or some other alkaline compound
is used to precipitate metal ions as metal hydroxides. The metal
hydroxides and suspended solids settle out and the sludge is
collected. Vacuum filtration is used to dewater sludge.
OPTION C
Option C for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory consists
of all control and treatment requirements of Option A (ammonia
steam stripping, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the Option A
treatment scheme. Multimedia filtration is used to remove
suspended solids, including precipitates of metals, beyond the
concentration attainable by gravity sedimentation. The filter
suggested is of the gravity, mixed-media type, although other
forms of filters, such as rapid sand filters or pressure filters
would perform satisfactorily. The addition of filters also
3886
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SOBCATEGORY SECT - VII
provides consistent removal during periods of time in which there
are rapid increases in flows or loadings of pollutants to the
treatment system.
3887
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK
3888
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COSTS/ ENERGY AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
This section presents a summary of compliance costs for the
primary nickel and cobalt subcategory and a description of the
treatment options and subcategory-specific assumptions used to
develop these estimates. Together with the estimated pollutant
reduction performance presented in Sections IX, X, XI, and XII of
this supplement/ these cost estimates provide a basis for
evaluating each regulatory option. These cost estimates are also
used in determining the probable economic impact of regulation on
the subcategory at different pollutant discharge levels. In
addition/ this section addresses nonwater quality environmental
impacts of wastewater treatment and control alternatives/
including air pollution, solid wastes, and energy requirements,
which are specific to the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
As discussed in Section VII, two treatment options have been
developed for existing primary nickel and cobalt sources. The
treatment schemes for each option are summarized below and
schematically presented in Figures X-l and X-2 (pages 3916 and
3917).
OPTION A
Option A consists of ammonia steam stripping preliminary
treatment, where required and chemical precipitation and
sedimentation end-of-pipe technology.
OPTION C
Option C consists of all control and treatment technology for
Option A (ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment, chemical
precipitation and sedimentation) plus multimedia filtration
technology added at the end of the Option A treatment scheme.
COST METHODOLOGY
A detailed discussion of the methodology used to develop the
compliance costs is presented in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Plant-by-plant compliance costs for the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category have been revised as
necessary following proposal. These revisions calculate
incremental costs/ above treatment already in place, necessary to
comply with the promulgated effluent limitations and standards
and are presented in the administrative record supporting this
regulation. A comparison of the costs developed for proposal and
the revised costs for the final regulation are presented in Table
VIII-1 (page 3893) for the direct discharger.
3889
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
Each of the general assumptions used to develop compliance costs
is presented in Section VIII of the General Development Document.
Each subcategory contains a unique set of waste streams requiring
certain subcategory-specific assumptions to develop compliance
costs. The major assumptions relevant to cost estimates for the
primary nickel and cobalt subcategory are discussed briefly
below.
(1) Caustic is used instead of lime in chemical precipita-
tion for this plant, because the one direct discharger
in the subcategory currently uses caustic.
(2) Raw material dust control wastewater is assumed to
have a pH = 5 because of sulfides present, and a
concentration of TSS = 12 mg/1. Nickel wash water is
also assumed to have pH = 5 and a concentration of
TSS = 12 mg/1.
(3) Sampling data indicate that the raw material dust con-
trol and nickel wash waste streams contain treatable
concentrations of ammonia. However, examination of
the processes involved and correspondence with plant
personnel indicate that the reported ammonia level is
not due to the presence of ammonia in the process
streams. Rather, ammonia enters the treatment system
influent (sample number 367) through spills in the
process areas. Consequently, these two process
streams do not require ammonia steam stripping.
Revised direct discharge compliance cost estimates for this
subcategory reflect a correction in the treatment-in-place credit
assumptions made at proposal. Plant 1062 presently operates
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration, and treats
a combined wastewater consisting of nonferrous metals
manufacturing wastewater and plant stormwater. Because
stormwater is the major component of the wastewater, and because
it is not in the scope of this regulation, compliance costing at
proposal estimated the cost to segregate process wastewater and
treat it in a separate treatment system. However, treatment-
inplace credit for lime and settle was incorrectly attributed to
the plant; therefore, proposal costs did not accurately reflect
the cost to the direct discharger for compliance with the
proposed and promulgated rulemaking. EPA believes that the
existing filter can continue to be used if a holding tank is
installed after lime and settle treatment of raw material dust
slurry water and nickel wash water. The costs for this holding
tank are included in EPA's compliance cost estimate. The revised
compliance cost estimates prepared for promulgation are presented
in Table VIII-1.
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
Nonwater quality impacts specific to the primary nickel and
cobalt subcategory, including energy requirements, solid waste
and air pollution, are discussed below.
3890
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
The methodology used for determining the energy requirements for
the various options is discussed in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Energy requirements for the two options
considered are estimated at 20,600 kwh/yr and 28,570 kwh/yr for
Options A and C, respectively. Option C, which includes
filtration, increases energy consumption over Option A by
approximately 39 percent. Option C represents less than 1
percent of a typical plant's electrical energy usage. It is
therefore concluded that the energy requirements of the treatment
options considered will have no significant impact on total plant
energy consumption.
SOLID WASTE
Sludge generated in the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory is
due to the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using
lime or various other chemicals. Sludges associated with the
primary nickel and cobalt subcategory will necessarily contain
quantities of toxic metal pollutants. These sludges are not
subject to regulation as hazardous wastes since wastes generated
by primary smelters and refiners are currently exempt from
regulation by Act of Congress (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), Section 3001(b)), as interpreted by EPA. If a small
excess of lime is added during treatment/ the Agency does not
believe these sludges would be identified as hazardous under RCRA
in any case. (Compliance costs include this amount of lime.)
This judgment is based on the results of Extraction Procedure
(EP) toxicity tests performed on similar sludges (toxic metal-
bearing sludges) generated by other categories such as the iron
and steel industry. A small amount of excess lime was added
during treatment, and the sludges subsequently generated passed
the toxicity test. See CFR 8261.24. Thus, the Agency believes
that the wastewater sludges will similarly not be EP toxic if the
recommended technology is applied.
Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result of these guidelines are not expected to be hazardous,
generators of these wastes must test the waste to determine if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste.
If these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA's "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation, from
the point of generation to point of final disposition. EPA's
gener-ator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR 262.20, 45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980). The
3891
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous wastes
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR 263.20, 45 FR
33151 (May 19, 1980), as amended at 45 PR 86973 (December 31,
1980). Finally, RCRA regulations establish standards for
hazardous waste treat-ment, storage, and disposal facilities
allowed to receive such wastes. See 40 CFR Part 464, 46 FR 2802
(January 12, 1981), and 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982).
Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they still
must be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open
dumping standards, implementing 4004 of RCRA. See 44 FR 53438
(September 13, 1979). The Agency has calculated as part of the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and disposing
of these wastes.
Sludge generation for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory
is estimated at 10.41 metric tons per year when implementing the
promulgated BPT technology. Sludge generation for promulgated
BAT is not expected to be significantly different.
AIR POLLUTION
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems will result from implementation of ammonia steam
stripping, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration. Ammonia steam stripping yields an aqueous ammonia
stream. The other technologies transfer pollutants to solid
waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.
3892
-------
Table VIII-1
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
Proposal Costs
Option
A
C
Capital Cost
31,075
31,075
u>
03
ID
Annual Cost
20,053
27,844
Promulgation Costs
Capital Coat
71,400
86,500
Annual Cost
27,200
31,800
H
s
53
H
O
o
O
O
CO
O
s
w
Q
O
3
Kj
Cfl
w
n
rt
H
H
H
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3894
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT). BPT reflects the existing performance
by plants of various sizes, ages, and manufacturing processes
within the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory, as well as the
established performance of the recommended BPT systems.
Particular consideration is given to the treatment already in
place at plants within the data base.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the manufacturing processes used, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and other factors the Administrator considers appropriate. In
general, the BPT level represents the average of the existing
performances of plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or
other common characteristics. Where existing performance is
uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category.' Limitations based on transfer of
technology are supported by a rationale concluding that the
technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable prediction
that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed effluent
limits BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather than process
changes or internal controls, except where such practices are
common industry practice.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes used, the wastewaters generated, and the treatment
processes installed. Information was collected from the category
using data collection portfolios, and specific plants were
sampled and the wastewaters analyzed. In making technical
assessments of data, reviewing manufacturing processes, and
assessing wastewater treatment technology options, both indirect
and direct dischargers have been considered as a single group.
An examination of plants and processes did not indicate any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct or indirect. As explained in Section IV, the primary
nickel and cobalt subcategory has been subdivided into four
potential wastewater sources. Since the water use, discharge
rates, and pollutant characteristics of each of these
wastewaters is potentially unique, effluent limitations will be
developed for each of the four subdivisions.
For each of the subdivisions, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. The first
requirement to calculate these limitations is to account for
3895
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
production and flow variability from plant to plant. Therefore,
a unit of production or production normalizing parameter (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
in Section IV. Each process within the subcategory was then
analyzed to determine which subdivisions were present, the
specific flow rates generated for each subdivision, and the
specific production normalized flows for each subdivision. This
analysis is discussed in detail in Section V. Nonprocess
wastewaters such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water
are not considered in the analysis.
Production normalized flows for each subdivision were then
analyzed to determine the flow to be used as part of the basis
for BPT mass limitations. The selected flow (sometimes referred
to as a BPT regulatory flow or BPT discharge flow) reflects the
water use controls which are common practices within the
category. The BPT regulatory flow is based on the average of all
applicable data. Plants with normalized flows above the average
may have to implement some method of flow reduction to achieve
the BPT limitations.
The second requirement to calculate mass limitations is the set
of concentrations that are achievable by application of the BPT
level of treatment technology. Section VII discusses the various
control and treatment technologies which are currently in place
for each wastewater source. In most cases, the current control
and treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation, and
sedimentation (lime and settle technology) and a combination of
reuse and recycle to reduce flow. Ammonia steam stripping is
applied to streams with treatable concentrations of ammonia.
Using these regulatory flows and the achievable concentrations,
the next step is to calculate mass loadings for each wastewater
source or subdivision. This calculation was made on a stream-by
stream basis, primarily because plants in this subcategory may
perform one or more of the operations in various combinations.
The mass loadings (milligrams of pollutant per kilogram of
production - mg/kg) are based on multiplying the BPT regulatory
flow (1/kkg) by the concentration achievable by the BPT level of
treatment technology (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter to be
limited under BPT. These mass loadings are published in the
Federal Register and in CFR Part 421 as the effluent limitations.
The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
wastewater sources which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly. all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at primary nickel and cobalt plants-.
3896
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/kkg) is a link
between the production operations and the effluent limitations.
The pollutant discharge attributable to each operation can be
calculated from the normalized flow and effluent concentration
achievable by the treatment technology and summed to derive an
appropriate limitation for each plant.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
In balancing costs in relation to pollutant removal estimates.
EPA considers the volume and nature of existing discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges expected after application of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost and economic impacts of the required pollution control
level. The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality problems attributable to particular point sources or
industries, or water quality improvements in particular water
quality bodies. Accordingly, water quality considerations were
not the basis for selecting the proposed or promulgated BPT.
The methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates and
plant compliance costs is discussed in Section X. Table X-l
(page 3911) shows the pollutant removal estimates for each
treatment option. Compliance costs are presented in Table X-2
(page 3912).
BPT OPTION SELECTION
The technology basis for the proposed and promulgated BPT
limitations is Option A, chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology to remove metals and solids from combined wastewaters
and to control pH, and ammonia steam stripping to remove ammonia.
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology is already
in-place in the subcategory. The pollutants specifically
promulgated for regulation at BPT are copper, nickel, cobalt,
ammonia, TSS, and pH.
Ammonia steam stripping is demonstrated at six facilities in the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. These facilities are
treating ammonia-bearing wastewaters associated with the
production of primary tungsten, primary columbium and tantalum,
primary molybdenum, secondary tungsten and cobalt, and primary
zirconium and hafnium. EPA believes that performance data from
the iron and steel manufacturing category provide a valid measure
of this technology's performance on nonferrous metals
manufacturing category wastewater because raw wastewater
concentrations of ammonia are of the same order of magnitude in
the respective raw wastewater matrices.
Chemical analysis data were collected of raw waste (treatment
3897
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
influent) and treated waste (treatment effluent) from one coke
plant of the iron and steel manufacturing category. A contractor
for EPA, using EPA sampling and chemical analysis protocols,
collected six paired samples in a two-month period. These data
are the data base for determining the effectiveness of ammonia
steam stripping technology and are contained with the public
record supporting this document. Ammonia treatment at this coke
plant consisted of two steam stripping columns in series with
steam injected countercurrently to the flow of the wastewater. A
lime reactor for pH adjustment separated the two stripping
columns.
The raw untreated wastewater samples from the coke facility
contained ammonia concentrations of 599, 226, 819, 502, 984, and
797 mg/1. Raw untreated wastewater samples from the primary
nickel and cobalt subcategory should have ammonia concentrations
on a similar order of magnitude.
The Agency has verified the promulgated steam stripping
performance values using steam stripping data collected at a
primary zirconium and hafnium plant which has raw ammonia levels
as high as any in the nonferrous metals manufacturing category.
Data collected by the plant represent almost two years of daily
operations, and support the long-term mean used to establish
treatment effectiveness.
In addition, data submitted by a primary columbium-tantalum
plant, which also has significant raw ammonia levels, verifies
the promulgated steam stripping performance values.
Implementation of the promulgated BPT limitations will remove
annually an estimated 241 kg of toxic metals. The Agency
projects capital and annual costs of $71,400 and $27,200 (1982
dollars), respectively for the discharging facility to achieve
the promulgated BPT regulations. The BPT treatment configuration
is presented in Figure IX-1 (page 3904).
More stringent technology options were not selected for BPT since
they require in-process changes or end-of-pipe technologies less
widely practiced in the subcategory, and, therefore, are more
appropriately considered under BAT.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the average of the flows of the existing plants, as determined
from analysis of dcp. The discharge rate is used with the
achievable treatment concentrations to determine BPT effluent
limitations. Since the discharge rate may be different for each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for each of the four wastewater sources are discussed below and
summarized in Table IX-1 (page 3901). The discharge rates are
normalized on a production basis by relating the amount of
wastewater generated to the mass of the intermediate product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste stream
3898
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
in question. These production normalizing parameters, or PNPs,
are also listed in Table IX-1.
Section V of this document further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents the water use and discharge flow rates for
each subdivision by plant in Tables V-l through V-4.
RAW MATERIAL DUST CONTROL
The BPT wastewater discharge rate used at proposal and
promulgation for raw material dust control is 77 liters/kkg (18.5
gal/ton) of copper, nickel, and cobalt in the crushed raw
material. This rate is allocated only for those plants which
produce nickel and cobalt from an ore concentrate raw material
and transport dust from the baghouse over the crushing and
grinding operations with a water slurry system. Water use and
wastewater discharge rates are presented in Table V-l (page
3848). The BPT flow is based on the reported rate of 77
liters/kkg).
COBALT REDUCTION DECANT
The BPT wastewater discharge rate used at proposal and
promulgation for cobalt reduction decant is 21,398 liters/kkg
(5.128 gal/ton) of cobalt produced. The BPT flow is based on the
water use rate reported, as shown in Table V-2 (page 3849). This
rate is allocated only for those plants which reduce cobalt from
solution in a hydrogen autoclave, and decant excess solution.
NICKEL REDUCTION DECANT
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
nickel reduction decant is 12,695 liters/kkg (3,042 gal/ton) of
nickel produced. The BPT flow is based on the water use rate
reported by the only plant with this process waste stream, as
shown in Table V-3 (page 3850). This rate is allocated only for
those plants which reduce nickel from solution in a hydrogen
autoclave, and decant excess solution.
NICKEL WASH WATER
The proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for
nickel wash water is 33.87 liters/kkg (8.12 gal/ton) of nickel
powder washed. This rate is allocated only for those plants
which produce nickel from primary sources via a hydrogen
reduction autoclave, and then wash the product with water. Water
use and wastewater discharge rates are presented in Table V-4
(page 3851). The BPT flow is based on the reported rate of 33.87
liters/kkg.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination and
3899
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
evaluation was presented in Section VI. A total of six
pollutants or pollutant parameters were selected for limitation
under the promulgated BPT and are listed below:
120. copper
124. nickel
ammonia (as N)
cobalt
total suspended solids (TSS)
PH
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The pollutant concentrations achievable by application of the BPT
technology are discussed in Section VII of this supplement. These
achievable concentrations (both one day maximum and monthly
average values) are multiplied by the BPT normalized discharge
flows summarized in Table IX-1 to calculate the mass of
pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The
results of these calculations in milligrams of pollutant per
kilogram of product represent the BPT effluent limitations and
are presented in Table IX-2 (page 3902) for each individual waste
stream.
3900
-------
Table IX-1
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
CO
VD
O
I-1
Waatewater Stream
1. Raw Material Dust
Control
2. Cobalt Reduction
Decant
3. Nickel Reduction
Decant
4. Nickel Wash Water
BPT Normalized
DischargeRate
I/kkg
77
21,398
12,695
33.87
gal/ton
18.5
5,128
3.042
8.12
Production
Normalizing Parameter
Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material
Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
KJ
as
H
W
8
tr»
e/5
a
tM
O
Q
O
W
O
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(a) Raw Material Dust Control BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
nig/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and
cobalt in the crushed raw material
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Amraonia
* Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
0.146
0.148
0.112
10.260
0.016
3.157
Within the range of 7.5
0.077
0.098
0.047
4.512
0.007
1,502
to 10.0 at all times
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
*Regulated
Within
Pollutant
40
41
31
2,852
4
877
the range
.660
.080
.240
.000
.494
.300
of 7.5
21
27
13
1,254
1
417
.400
.180
.050
.000
.926
.300
to 10.0 at all times
3902
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(c) Nickel Reduction Decant BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel produced
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Anunonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
24.120
24.370
18.530
1,692.000
2.666
520.500
Within the range of 7.5
12.700
16.120
7.744
743.900
1.143
247.600
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Nickel Wash Water BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed
*Copper 0.064 0.034
*Nickel 0.065 0.043
Zinc 0.050 0.021
*Ammonia 4.515 1.985
*Cobalt 0.00? 0.003
*TSS 1.389 0.660
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
3903
-------
to
i£>
O
Hickel leJuctlon Peoot
Cobalt Reduction Decant
•aw Material Duac Control
Hickel Uaah Water
lecu»ery
Aaaonl*
Stt««
Stripping
St.
Chculcil Addition
Equalization
«*4
I : it
I
Chenicai
Precipitation
ofo
Sludge Recycle
Vacuuai nitrate
Sedimentation
Sludge
Discharge
Figure IX-t
BPT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
H
H
O
X
w
O
O
w
W
c
W
O
s
ta
W
O
1
H
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
These effluent limitations are based on the best control and
treatment technology used by a specific point source within the
industrial category or subcategory, or by another industry from
which it is transferable. Emphasis is placed on additional
treatment techniques applied at the end of the treatment systems
currently used, as well as reduction of the amount of water used
and discharged, process control, and treatment technology
optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process used process changes, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements).
and the costs of application of such technology. BAT represents
the best available technology economically achievable at plants
of various ages, sizes, processes, or other characteristics.
Where the Agency has found the existing performance to be
uniformly inadequate, BAT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category. BAT may include feasible process
changes or internal controls, even when not in common industry
practice.
The required assessment of BAT considers costs, but does not
require a balancing of costs against pollutant removals However,
in assessing the proposed and promulgated BAT the Agency has
given substantial weight to the economic achievability of the
technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed a wide range of technology options and
evaluated the available possibilities to ensure that the most
effective and beneficial technologies were used as the basis of
BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency elected to examine two
technology options which could be applied to the primary nickel
and cobalt subcategory as alternatives for the basis of BAT
effluent limitations.
For the development of BAT effluent limitations, mass loadings
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory using the same technical approach as described in
Section IX for BPT limitations development. The differences in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness achievable with the more sophisticated BAT
treatment technology.
The treatment technologies considered for BAT are summarized
below:
3905
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
Option A (Figure X-l, page 3916) is based on:
o Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment (where
required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Option C (Figure X-2, page 3917) is based on:
o Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment (where
r equ i r ed)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
The first option considered (Option A) is the same as the BPT
treatment and control technology which was presented in the
previous section. The second option represents substantial
progress toward the reduction of pollutant discharges above and
beyond the progress achievable by BPT.
OPTION A
Option A for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory is
equivalent to the control and treatment technologies which were
analyzed for BPT in Section IX (see Figures IX-1 or X-l). The
BPT end-of-pipe treatment scheme includes ammonia steam stripping
pretreatment, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation. The
discharge rates for Option A are equal to the discharge rates
allocated to each stream as a BPT discharge flow.
OPTION C
Option C for the primary, nickel and cobalt subcategory consists
of all control and treatment requirements of Option A (ammonia
steam stripping, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the Option A
treatment scheme (see Figure X-2). Multimedia filtration is used
to remove suspended solids, including precipitates of toxic
metals, beyond the concentrations attainable by gravity
sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the gravity, mixed
media type, although other forms of filters, such as rapid sand
filters or pressure filters, would perform satisfactorily.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
As one means of evaluating each technology option, EPA developed
estimates of the pollutant removals and compliance costs
associated with each option. The methodologies are described
below.
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
A complete description of the methodology used to calculate the
3906
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
estimated pollutant removal, or benefit, achieved by the
application of the various treatment options is presented in
Section X of Vol. I. In short, sampling data collected during
the field sampling program were used to characterize the major
waste streams considered for regulation. At each sampled
facility the sampling data were production normalized for each
unit operation (i.e. mass of pollutant generated per mass • of
product manufactured). This value, referred to as the raw waste,
was used to estimate the mass of toxic pollutants generated
within the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory. The pollutant
removal estimates were calculated for each plant by first
estimating the total mass of each pollutant in the untreated
wastewater. This was calculated by first multiplying the raw
waste values by the corresponding production value for that
stream and then summing these values for each pollutant for every
stream generated by the plant.
The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment option was estimated for each operation at each plant
by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory flow. The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the other
plant flows. The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by multiplying the achievable concentration values attainable
with the option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of process
wastewater discharged by the subcategory. The mass of pollutant
removed is the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated within the subcategory and the mass of pollutant
discharged after application of the treatment option. The
pollutant removal estimates for direct dischargers in the primary
nickel and cobalt subcategory are presented in Table X-l (page
3911). These pollutant removal estimates are equivalent to those
presented at proposal.
COMPLIANCE COSTS
In estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first step
was to develop a cost estimation model, relating the total costs
associated with installation and operation of wastewater
treatment technologies to,plant process wastewater discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant. The plant's investment and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in place
and by its individual process wastewater discharge flow. As
discussed above, this flow is either the actual or the BAT
regulatory flow, whichever is lesser. The final step was to
annualize the capital costs, and to sum the annualized capital
costs, and the operating and maintenance costs for each plant,
yielding the cost of compliance for the subcategory (see Table
X-2, page 3912). These costs were used in assessing economic
achievabi1i ty.
BAT OPTION SELECTION ^ PROPOSAL
EPA proposed BAT limitations for the primary nickel and cobalt
subcategory based on Option C, preliminary treatment consisting
of ammonia steam stripping followed by end-of-pipe treatment
3907
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
consisting of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
filtration. The pollutants specifically proposed for regulation
under BAT were copper, nickel, ammonia, and cobalt.
Implementation of the proposed BAT limitations was estimated to
remove 246 kilograms of priority metals annually. The projected
capital and annual costs for the proposed BAT technology were
estimated to be $31,075 and $27,844 (1982 dollars), respectively.
BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
Our promulgated BAT limitations for this Subcategory are based
on Option C, preliminary treatment of ammonia steam stripping
followed by end-of-pipe treatment consisting of chemical
precipitation and sedimentation (BPT technology), and filtration.
Filters are presently utilized by the one plant in this
subcategory.
We are promulgating filtration as part of the BAT technology
because this technology is demonstrated in the primary nickel and
cobalt subcategory (the one discharger in this subcategory
presently has a filter, and a total of 25 facilities in eight
nonferrous metals manufacturing subcategories currently have
filters), and results in additional removals of toxic metals. In
addition, filtration adds reliability to the treatment system by
making it less susceptible to operator error and to sudden
changes in raw wastewater flows and concentrations.
The pollutants specifically limited under BAT are cobalt, copper,
nickel, and ammonia. The toxic pollutant zinc was also
considered for regulation because it was found at trea.table
concentrations in the raw wastewaters from this subcategory.
This pollutant was not selected for specific regulation because
it will be effectively controlled when the regulated toxic metals
are treated to the concentrations achievable by the model BAT
technology.
Implementation of the promulgated BAT limitations would remove
annually an estimated 246 kg of priority metals, which is 5 kg of
toxic metals greater than the estimated BPT removal. The Agency
projects capital and annual costs of $86,500 and $31,800 (1982
dollars), respectively for technology required to achieve; the
promulgated BAT regulations. The BAT treatment scheme; is
presented in Figure X-2.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BAT discharge rate was calculated for each subdivision based
upon the flows of the existing plants, as determined from
analysis of the data collection portfolios. The discharge rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentrations to determine
BAT effluent limitations. Since the discharge rate may be
different for each wastewater source, separate production
normalized discharge rates for each of the four wastewater
sources were determined and are summarized in Table X-3 (page
3908
-------
PRIMAHY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
3913). The discharge rates are normalized on a production basis
by relating the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of the
intermediate product which is produced by the process associated
with the waste stream in question. These production normalizing
parameters, or PNPs, are also listed in Table X-3.
The BAT discharge rates reflect the flow reduction requirements
of the selected BAT option. Since no flow reduction beyond the
flow reduction practices of BPT is required for this subcategory,
BAT discharge rates are identical to BPT discharge rates.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutants and pollutant parameters for limitation. This
examination and evaluation was presented in Section VI. The
Agency, however, has chosen not to regulate all three toxic
pollutants selected in this analysis.
The high cost associated with analysis for toxic metal pollutants
has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for regulating
and monitoring toxic pollutant discharges from the nonferrous
metals manufacturing category. Rather than developing specific
effluent mass limitations and standards for each of the toxic
metals found in treatable concentrations in the raw wastewater
from a given subcategory, the Agency is promulgating effluent
mass limitations only for those pollutants generated in the
greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal estimates.
The pollutants selected for specific limitation are listed below:
120. copper
124. nickel
cobalt
By establishing limitations and standards for certain priority
metal pollutants, discharges will attain the same degree of
control over priority metal pollutants as they would have been
required to achieve had all the priority metal pollutants been
directly limited.
This approach is technically justified since the treatable
concentrations used for chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology are based on optimized treatment for concomitant
multiple metals removal. Thus, even though metals have somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at very
nearly the same rate in a chemical precipitation and
sedimentation treatment system operated for multiple metals
removal. Filtration as part of the technology basis is likewise
justified because this technology removes metals non-
preferential ly.
The toxic metal pollutants selected for specific limitation in
the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory to control the
discharges of toxic metal pollutants are copper and nickel. The
3909
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
following toxic metal pollutant is excluded from limitation on
the basis that it is effectively controlled by the limitations
developed for copper and nickel:
128. zinc
The nonconventional pollutants ammonia and cobalt will be limited
in the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory along with the
priority pollutants nickel and copper. It is necessary to limit
ammonia because the treatment technology used to control copper
and nickel (chemical precipitation and sedimentation) does not
remove ammonia. The priority metal pollutants copper and nickel,
as well as the nonconventional metal pollutant cobalt, are
specifically limited to ensure the control of the excluded
priority metal pollutant. These pollutants are indicators of, the
performance of the treatment technology.
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The concentrations achievable by application of BAT are discussed
in Section VII of this supplement. The treatable concentrations
both one day maximum and monthly average values are multiplied by
the BAT normalized discharge flows summarized in Table X-3 to
calculate the mass of pollutants allowed to be discharged per
mass of product. The results of these calculations in milligrams
of pollutant per kilogram of product represent the BAT effluent
limitations and are presented in Table X-4 (page 3914) for each
waste stream.
3910
-------
Table X-l
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
TOTAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
Ammonia
Cobalt
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
(kg/yr)
0.11
0
0.04
0
8.58
0
0
0
239.96
1.08
0
0
2.26
252.04
2,639.55
27.60
2,667.15
71.98
71.98
2,991.16
Option A
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0.11
0
0.04
0
3.47
0
0
0
4,43
1.08
0
0
1.98
11.12
2,635.23
0.30
2,635.53
71.87
71.87
2,718.51
Option A
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
0
5.11
0
0
0
235.53
0
0
0
0.29
240.92
4.32
27.30
31.62
0.11
0.11
272.65
Option C
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0.11
0
0.04
0
2.34
0
0
0
1.32
1.08
0
0
1.38
6.27
2,635.23
0.20
2,635.43
15.57
15.57
2,657.27
Option C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
0
6.24
0
0
0
238.64
0
0
0
0.88
245.77
4.32
27.39
31.71
56.41
56.41
333.89
H
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25
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O
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25
9
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O
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X
Option A - Ammonia steam stripping, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation
Option C - Ammonia steam stripping, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
filtration
-------
Table X-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
Option
A
C
Proposal Costa
Capital Cost
31,075
31,075
Annual Cost
20,053
27.844
Promulgation Costs
Capital Cost
71,400
86,500
AnnualCost
27,200
31,800
H
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as
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1-1
-------
Table X-3
W
Wastewater Stream
1, Raw Material Dust
Control
2. Cobalt Reduction
Decant
3. Nickel Reduction
Decant
4. Nickel Wash Water
BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
BAT Normalized
Discharge Rate
ITO
77
21,398
12,695
gal/ton
18.5
5,128
3,042
33.87
8.12
Production
Normalizing Parameter
Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material
Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
•x)
»
H
ss
H
n
o
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n
>
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-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-4
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(a) Raw, Material Dust Control BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
(Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel,
in the crushed raw material
0.099
0.042
0.079
10.260
0.011
and cobalt
0.047
0.029
0.032
4.512
0.005
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Cobalt
27.390
11.770
21.830
2,852.000
2.996
13.050
7.917
8.987
1,254.000
1.498
*Regulated Pollutant
3914
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
TABLE X-4 (Continued)
BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(c) Nickel Reduction Decant BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel produced
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
16.250
6.982
12.950
1,692.000
1.777
7.744
4.697
5.332
743.900
0.889
(d) Nickel Wash Water BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed
*Copper 0.043 0.021
*Nickel 0.019 0.013
Zinc 0.035 0.014
*Ammonia 4.515 1.985
*Cobalt 0.005 0.002
*Regulated Pollutant
3915
-------
Nickel deduction Decant
U)
U3
Cobalt Reduction Decant
R>u Haterial Dust Control
Nickel Hash Water
Aawml*
St«M
Chenica! Addition
Dlacharge
Figure X-J
BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION A
H
5-5
H
O
f*5
W
tr"
a
n
8
w
a
IB
n
B
w
Q
O
s
W
W
O
-------
Tu Ammonia Recovery
Ki-iliiri Ion Decant
Cobalt Reduction Decant
Raw Material Dust Control
U)
Nickel Wash Uater
Chemical Addition
7
Equalitation
an
I
/ =
Chemical
Precipitation
cX
Sludge Recycle
Vacuum Flltr.it c
Backwash
Sludge
Figure X-2
BAT TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION C
SludRe Dewaterfns
H
S
H
a
t*
o
o
w
o
o
"2
K3
i
X
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3918
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The basis for new source performance standards (NSPS) is the best
available demonstrated technology (BDT). New plants have the
opportunity to design the best and most efficient production
processes and wastewater treatment technologies without facing
the added costs and restrictions encountered in retrofitting an
existing plant. Therefore, EPA has considered the best
demonstrated process changes, in-plant controls, and end-of-pipe
treatment technologies which reduce pollution to the maximum
extent feasible.
This section describes the technologies for treatment of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for regulated pollutants for NSPS in the primary nickel and
cobalt subcategory, based on the selected treatment technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
New source performance standards are equivalent to the best
available technology (BAT) selected for currently existing
primary nickel and cobalt plants. This result is a consequence of
careful review by the Agency of a wide range of technical options
for new source treatment systems. There was nothing found to
indicate that the wastewater flows and characteristics of new
plants would not be similar to those from existing plants, since
the processes used by new sources are not expected to differ from
those used at existing sources. Consequently, BAT production
normalized discharge rates, which are based on the best existing
practices of the subcategory, can also be applied to new sources.
These rates are presented in Table XI-1 (page 3921).
Treatment technologies considered for the NSPS options are
identical to the treatment technologies considered for the BAT
options. These options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
OPTION C
o
o
o
Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Multimedia filtration
3919
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed that the technology basis for NSPS be equal to that
for BAT (preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia steam
stripping, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
filtration). The same pollutants were proposed for regulation at
NSPS as at BAT, and the proposed wastewater discharge rates for
NSPS were equivalent to those proposed for BAT.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
We are promulgating NSPS equal to BAT. We believe that new
plants could not achieve any flow reduction beyond the
allowances promulgated for BAT. Because NSPS is equal to BAT we
believe that the promulgated NSPS will not pose a barrier to the
entry of new plants into this subcategory.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be found in treatable concentrations in processes within new
sources will be any different than with existing sources.
Accordingly, pollutants and pollutant parameters selected for
limitation under NSPS, in accordance with the rationales of
Sections VI and X, are identical to those selected for BAT. The
conventional pollutant parameters TSS and pH are also selected
for limitation.
NSW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source are the same
as the discharge rates for BAT and are shown in Table XI-1. The
mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of product is
based on the product of the appropriate treatable concentration
(mg/1) and the production normalized wastewater discharge flows
(1/kkg). The results of these calculations are the production-
based new source performance standards. These standards are
presented in Table XI-2 (page 3922).
3920
-------
Table KI-1
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
VD
Wastewater Stream
1. Raw Material Dust
Control
2. Cobalt Reduction
Decant
3. Nickel Reduction
Decant
4. Nickel Wash Water
NSPS Normalized
Discharge Rate
T_.
77
21,398
12,695
33.87
18.5
5,128
3.042
8.12
Production
Normalizing Parameter
Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material
Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
H
s
z
H
O
w
o
O
o
s
w
Q
O
w
w
a
I
H
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
Table XI-2
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(a) Raw Material Dust Contrg_l NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and
cobalt in the crushed raw material
*Copper 0.099 0.047
*Nickel 0.042 0.029
Zinc 0.079 0.032
*Amraonia 10.260 4.512
*Cobalt 0.011 0.005
*TSS 1.155 0.924
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant NSPS
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt
27.390
11.770
21.830
2,852.000
2.996
321.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10
produced
13.050
7.917
8.987
1,254.000
1.498
256.800
.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
3922
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2 (Continued)
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(c) Nickel Reduction Decant NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (lb/million Ibs) of nickel
16.250
6.982
12.950
1,692.000
1.777
190.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.
produced
7.744
4.697
5.332
743.900
0.889
152.300
0 at all times
(d) Nickel Wash Water NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (lb/million Ibs) of nickel
0.043
0.019
0.035
4.515
0.005
0.508
Within the range of 7.5 to
powder washed
0.021
0.013
0.014
1.985
0.002
0.406
10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
3923
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3924
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
PSES are designed to prevent the discharge of pollutants which
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with
the operation of publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The
Clean Water Act requires pretreatment for pollutants, such as
toxic metals, that limit POTW sludge management alternatives.
New indirect discharge facilities, like new direct discharge
facilities, have the opportunity to incorporate the best
available demonstrated .technologies including process changes
in-plant controls, and end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and to
use plant site selection co ensure adequate treatment system
installation. Pretreatment standards are to be technology based,
analogous to the best available technology for removal of toxic
pollutants.
EPA is not promulgating pretreatment standards for existing
sources in this subcategory because no indirect dischargers
exist. However, EPA is promulgating pretreatment standards for
new sources because plants may be constructed in the future which
may discharge to a POTW.
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process 'wastewaters from new sources in the
primary nickel and cobalt subcategory. Pretreatment standards
for regulated pollutants are presented based on the selected
control and treatment technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
Before proposing and promulgating pretreatment standards, the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen sludge disposal practices. In determining whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving secondary
treatment, the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable.
A pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the average
percentage removed nationwide by well-operated POTW meeting
secondary treatment requirements, is less than the percentage
removed by direct dischargers complying with BAT effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant.
This definition of pass through satisfies the two competing
objectives set by Congress that standards for indirect
dischargers be equivalent'to standards for direct dischargers
while at the same time, the treatment capability and performance
of the POTW be recognized and taken into account in regulating
the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The Agency compares percentage removal rather than the mass or
3925
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
concentration of pollutants discharged because the latter would
not take into account the mass of pollutants discharged to the
POTW from non-industrial sources or the dilution of the
pollutants in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
Options for pretreatment of wastewaters from new sources are
based on increasing the effectiveness of end-of-pipe treatment
technologies. All in-plant changes and applicable end-of-pipe
treatment processes have been discussed previously in Sections X
and XI. The options for PSNS are the same as the BAT and NSPS
options discussed in Sections X and XI, respectively.
A description of each option is presented in Section X, while a
more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled by each
treatment process is presented in Section VII of the General
Development Document.
Treatment technologies considered for the PSNS options are:
OPTION A
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping (where
required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
OPTION C
o Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping (where
required)
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed the technology basis for PSNS equal to BAT
(preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia steam stripping,
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration). The same
pollutants were proposed for regulation at PSNS as at BAT, and
the proposed wastewater discharge rates for PSNS were equivalent
to those proposed for BAT.
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
We are promulgating PSNS equal to BAT and NSPS for this
subcategory. It is necessary to promulgate PSNS to prevent pass-
through of copper, nickel, cobalt, and ammonia. These toxic
pollutants are removed by a well-operated POTW at an average of
26 percent, while BAT technology removes approximately 58
percent.
3926
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
The technology basis for PSNS thus is chemical precipitation and
sedimentation, ammonia steam stripping, and filtration. The
achievable concentration for ammonia steam stripping is based on
iron and steel manufacturing category data, as explained in the
discussion of BPT for this subcategory.
We believe that the proposed PSNS are achievable, and that they
are not a barrier to entry of new plants into this subcategory.
The PSNS discharge rates are shown in Table XII-1 (page 3928).
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Pollutants selected for limitation, in accordance with the
rationale of Sections VI and X, are identical to those selected
for limitation for BAT. It is necessary to promulgate PSNS to
prevent the pass-through of copper, nickel, ammonia, and cobalt.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
Pretreatment standards for new sources are based on the treatable
concentrations from the selected treatment technology, (Option
C), and the discharge rates determined in Sections X and XI for
BAT and NSPS, respectively. A mass of pollutant per mass of
product (mg/kg) allocation is given for each subdivision within
the subcategory. This pollutant allocation is based on the
product of the treatable concentration from the promulgated
treatment (mg/1) and the production normalized wastewater
discharge rate (1/kkg). The achievable treatment concentrations
for PSNS are identical to those for BAT. PSNS are presented in
Table XII-2 (page 3929).
3927
-------
OJ
fO
00
Wastewater Stream
1. Raw Material Dust
Control
2. Cobalt Reduction
Decant
3. Nickel Reduction
Decant
4. Nickel Wash Water
Table XII-1
PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
PSNS Normalized
DischargeRate
T/kkg
77
21,398
12,695
33,87
gal/ton
18.5
5,128
3,042
8.12
Production
Normalizing Parameter
Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material
Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
H
*
S5
H
O
O
O
O
C
W
O
s
w
O
8-
K;
w
n
HI
H
H
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-2
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(a) Raw Material Dust Control PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Anunonia
*Cobalt
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel
cobalt in the crushed raw material
0.099
0.042
0.079
10.260
0.011
, and
0.047
0.029
0.032
4.512
0.005
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Cobalt
27.390
11.770
21.830
2,852.000
2.996
13.050
7.917
8.987
1,254.000
1.498
*Regulated Pollutant
3929
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-2 (Continued)
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
t°) Nickel Reduction Decant PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Cobalt
(d) Nickel
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of
16.250
6.982
12.950
1,692.000
1.777
Wash Water PSNS
nickel produced
7.744
4.697
5.332
743.900
0.889
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed
*Copper 0.043 0.021
*Nickel 0.019 0.013
Zinc 0.035 0.014
*Ammonia 4.515 1.985
*Cobalt 0.005 0.002
*Regulated Pollutant
3930
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SOBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory at
this time.
3931
-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3932
-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
for the
Secondary Nickel Subcategory
William K. Reilly
Administrator
Rebecca Hanmer
Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
3933
-------
3934
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Section
I SUMMARY 3941
II CONCLUSIONS 3943
III SUBCATEGORY PROFILE 3947
Description of Secondary Nickel Production 3947
Raw Materials 3947
Slag Reclamation 3947
Acid Reclamation 3948
Scrap Reclamation 3948
Process Wastewater Sources 3948
Other Wastewater Sources 3948
Age, Production, and Process Profile 3948
IV SUBCATEGORIZATION 3955
Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary 3955
Nickel Subcategory
Other Factors 3956
Production Normalizing Parameters 3956
V WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 3959
Wastewater Flow Rates 3958
Wastewater Characteristics Data 3958
Data Collection Portfolios 3958
Field Sampling Data 3959
Wastewater Characteristics and Flow by 3960
Subdivision
Slag Reclaim Tailings 3960
Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate 3960
Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash 3960
VI SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS 3975
Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant 3975
Parameters Selected
Toxic Priority Pollutants 3976
Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 3976
Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their 3976
Analytical Quantification Concentration
Toxic Pollutants Selected for for Further 3976
Consideration in Establishing Limitations
and Standards
3935
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
VII CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3983
Current Control and Treatment Practices 3983
Slag Reclaim Tailings 3983
Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate 3983
Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash 3984
Control and Treatment Options 3984
Option A 3984
Option C 3984
VIII COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS 3985
Treatment Options for Existing Sources 3985
Option A 3985
Option C 3985
Cost Methodology 3985
Nonwater Quality Aspects 3986
Energy Requirements 3986
Solid Waste 3986
Air Pollution 3998
IX BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY 3991
AVAILABLE
X BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY 3991
ACHIEVABLE
XI NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 3993
Technical Approach to NSPS 3993
Pollutant Removal Estimates 3995
Compliance Costs 3996
NSPS Option Selection - Proposal 3996
NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation 3996
Wastewater Discharge Rates 3997
Slag Reclaim Tailings 3997
Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate 3997
Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash 3997
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 3997
New Source Performance Standards 3999
3936
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section gage
XII PRETREATMENT STANDARDS 4003
Technical Approach to Pretreatment 4003
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 4004
Pretreatment Standards for Existing and New 4004
Sources
PSES Option Selection - Proposal 4004
PSES Option Selection - Promulgation 4005
PSNS Option Selection - Proposal 4005
PSNS Option Selection - Promulgation 4005
Pretreatment Standards 4006
XIII BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 4013
3937
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
III-l Initial Operating Year Summary of Plants in the 3950
Secondary Nickel Subcategory by Discharge Type
III-2 Production Ranges for the Secondary Nickel 3951
Subcategory
III-3 Summary of Secondary Nickel Subcategory 3952
Processes and Associated Waste Streams
V-l Water Use and Discharge Rates for Slag Reclaim 3962
Tailings
V-2 Water Use and Discharge Rates for Acid Reclaim 3963
Leaching Filtrate
V-3 Water Use and Discharge Rates for Acid Reclaim 3964
Leaching Belt filter Removal
V-4 Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Slag Reclaim 3965
Tailings Pond Influent Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
"V— 5 Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Slag Reclaim 3965
Tailings Pond Effluent Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
V-6 Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Acid Reclaim 3970
Leaching Filtrate Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
V-7 Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Acid Reclaim 3972
Leaching Belt Filter Backwash Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
VI-1 Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants 3978
Secondary Nickel Subcategory Raw Wastewater
VI-2 Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 3979
VIII-1 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Nickel 3989
Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
XI-1 NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4000
Secondary Nickel Subcategory
3938
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGOEY
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Page
XI-2 NSPS for the Secondary Nickel Subcategory 4001
XII-1 Pollutant Removal Estimates for Indirect 4009
Dischargers in the Secondary Nickel Subcategory
XII-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Nickel 4010
Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
XII-3 PSES and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4011
Secondary Nickel Subcategory
XII-4 PSES for the Secondary Nickel Subcategory 4012
XII-5 PSNS for the Secondary Nickel Subcategory 4013
3939
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
III-l Secondary Nickel Manufacturing Processes 3953
III-2 Geographic Locations o£ Secondary Nickel 3954
Subcategory Plants
V-l Sampling Sites at Secondary Nickel Plant A 3974
XI-1 NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option A 4002
XI-2 NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option C 4003
XI-3 NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option C Without 4004
Filtration for Slag Reclaim Tailings
3940
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
SECTION I
SUMMARY
This document provides the technical basis for promulgating
pretreatment standards for existing indirect dischargers (PSES),
pretreatment standards for new indirect dischargers (PSNS), and
standards of performance for new source direct dischargers
(NSPS)for plants in the secondary nickel subcategory.
The secondary nickel subcategory consists of two plants. One of
the two plants discharges to a publicly-owned treatment works,
and one achieves zero discharge of process wastewater. There are
no plants discharging directly to rivers, streams, or lakes.
EPA first studied the secondary nickel subcategory to determine
whether differences in raw materials, final products,
manufacturing processes, equipment, age and size of plants, or
water usage, required the development of separate effluent
limitations and standards for different segments of the
subcategory. This involved a detailed analysis of wastewater
discharge and treated effluent characteristics, including the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the constituents
of wastewaters, including toxic pollutants. As a result, three
subdivisions have been identified for this subcategory that
warrant separate effluent limitations. These include:
o Slag reclaim tailings,
o Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
o Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.
Several distinct control and treatment technologies (both in
plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to the secondary nickel
subcategory were identified. The Agency analyzed both historical
and newly generated data on the performance of these
technologies, including their nonwater quality environmental
impacts and air quality, solid waste generation, and energy
requirements. EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp) and plant
visits.
Engineering costs were prepared for each of the control and
treatment options considered for the subcategory. These costs
were than used by the Agency to estimate the impact of
implementing the various options on the subcategory. For each
control and treatment option that the Agency found to be most
effective and technically feasible in controlling the discharge
of pollutants, the number of potential closures, number of
employees affected, and impact on price were estimated. These
results are reported in a separate document entitled "The
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations and Standards
3941
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."
Because there are no direct dischargers in the secondary nickel
subcategory, EPA is not promulgating BPT, BAT or BCT.
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
selected PSES to consist of metals removal based on chemical
precipitation and sedimentation technology. Chemical
precipitation and sedimentation technology represents the best
existing technology in this subcategory. To meet the
pretreatment standards for existing sources, the secondary nickel
subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost of $320,100 and
an annual cost of $161,200.
NSPS is equivalent to PSES technology. In selecting NSPS, EPA
recognizes that new plants have the opportunity to implement the
best and most efficient manufacturing processes and treatment
technology. As such, the technology basis of PSES has been
determined as the best demonstrated technology.
For PSNS, the Agency selected end-of-pipe treatment equivalent to
NSPS.
The best conventional technology (BCT) replaces BAT for the
control of conventional pollutants. Although the methodology for
BCT has not yet been finalized, BCT is not promulgated for this
subcategory because there are no direct discharges.
The mass limitations and standards for NSPS, PSES, and PSNS are
presented in Section II.
3942
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS
EPA has divided the secondary nickel subcategory into three
subdivisions or building blocks for the purpose of effluent
limitations and standards. These subdivisions are:
(a) Slag reclaim tailings,
(b) Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
(c) Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.
BPT is not promulgated for this subcategory because there are no
direct dischargers.
BAT is not promulgated because there are no direct dischargers.
NSPS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology (lime and settle). The following new source
performance standards are promulgated:
(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings NSPS
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of slag input to reclaim process
Chromium (total) 5.653 2.313
Copper 24.410 12.850
Nickel 24.670 16.320
TSS 526.800 250.500
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate NSPS
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced
Chromium (total) 2.198 0.089
Copper 9.491 4.995
Nickel 9.590 6.344
TSS 214.800 87.400
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
3943
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash NSPS
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Chromium (total) 0.528 0.216
Copper 2.278 1.199
Nickel 2.302 1.523
TSS 49.160 23.380
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
PSES are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology (lime and settle). The following pretreatment
standards for existing sources are promulgated:
(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings PSES
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of slag input to reclaim process
Chromium (total) 5.653 2.313
Copper 24.410 12.850
Nickel 24.670 16.320
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate PSES
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Chromium (total) 2.198 0.899
Copper 9.491 4.995
Nickel 9.590 6.344
3944
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash PSES
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced
Chromium (total) 0.528 0.216
Copper 2.278 1.199
Nickel 2.302 1.523
PSNS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by
application of chemical, precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle). The following pretreatment standards for new sources
are promulgated:
(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings PSNS
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of slag input toreclaim process
Chromium (total) 5.653 2.313
Copper 24.410 12.850
Nickel 24.670 16.320
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate PSNS
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Chromium (total) 2.198 0.899
Copper 9.491 4.995
Nickel 9.590 6.344
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash PSNS
PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced
Chromium (total) 0.528 0.216
Copper 2.278 1.199
Nickel 2.302 1.523
BCT is not promulgated for this subcategory at this time.
3945
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3946
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
SECTION III
SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This section of the secondary nickel supplement describes the raw
materials and processes used in smelting and refining secondary
nickel and presents a profile of the secondary nickel plants
identified in this study.
DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY NICKEL PRODUCTION
Secondary nickel production can be divided into three distinct
operations — slag reclamation, acid reclamation. and scrap
reclamation. Slag reclamation is a wet mechanical granulation
operation. Acid reclamation and scrap reclamation are
hydrometallurgical refining processes. One plant in the U.S.
reclaims nickel from slag and pickling acids, and a second plant
reclaims nickel from scrap. Secondary nickel production
processes are presented schematically in Figure III-l (Page 3953)
and described below.
RAW MATERIALS
Secondary nickel is reclaimed from three raw materials; nickel
melt furnace slag, nickel carbonate produced from waste pickling
acids and wastewater treatment sludges from nickel forming
operations/ and solid nickel scrap from other manufacturing
operations. Nickel alloy scrap generated at steel mills may also
be recycled within the mills however, no refining of the nickel
scrap takes place prior to recycle and therefore, direct recycle
of nickel scrap is not considered within this subcategory.
SLAG RECLAMATION
The objective of slag reclamation is to recover the nickel values
from the dross or slag produced in nickel melt furnaces. When
the nickel ingots are smelted in the presence of fluxing agents,
the oxidized metals and impurities rise to the surface of the
liquid metal and are removed from the furnace. This slag
contains approximately 10 percent metallics.
The dross or slag is first air cooled and solidified, and then
mechanically granulated with a jaw crusher and a wet rod mill. It
is then fed onto a wet mineral jig, which uses specific gravity
differences to recover a nickel concentrate product. The mineral
jig is a shaking table. Large volumes of water wash over the
crushed slag on the table carrying away the lighter (less dense)
non-metallics. The denser, nickel-containing solids are the
product. A large volume of tailings wastewater is produced. The
nickel product is returned to the melt furnace and the wastewater
is discharged.
3947
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
ACID RECLAMATION
In the acid reclamation process, spent pickling acids and
wastewater treatment sludges from nickel forming operations are
introduced into a vessel with soda ash (Na2CO3) which
precipitates the nickel as nickel carbonate. The impure nickel
carbonate, which is separated from the liquid phase by
filtration, is the raw material for the acid reclaim process.
Impure nickel carbonate is slurried with water to produce a
homogeneous solution, and then roasted in an open hearth furnace
to produce nickel oxide. The nickel oxide produced by roasting
is then leached with water to remove impurities, and filtered.
The leaching filtrate may be discharged as a waste stream. After
filtering, the filter is backwashed and the backwash water may
also be discharged as a waste stream. The nickel oxide product
is approximately 35 percent nickel, and is returned to the nickel
melting furnaces.
SCRAP RECLAMATION
Scrap resulting from the manufacture of nickel products may be
recycled to recover the nickel values. The scrap is fed into a
digestion unit with nitric acid and water. The acid removes
silver and other impurities, and a 95 percent nickel product is
either sold or returned to the manufacturing facility. The
resultant solution, which contains significant silver values, is
routed to a silver recovery process. The silver recovery process
and resultant wastewater are covered by the regulations for
secondary silver refining which is part of the nonferrous metals
manufacturing category. There are no wastewater streams
associated with nickel scrap reclamation which are within the
scope of the secondary nickel subcategory.
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES
Although a variety of processes are involved in secondary nickel
production, the significant wastewater sources that are
associated with the secondary nickel subcategory can be
subdivided into the following building blocks:
1. Slag reclaim tailings,
2. Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
3. Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.
OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES
There may be other wastewater streams associated with the
secondary nickel subcategory. These streams include but are not
limited to stormwater runoff, maintenance and cleanup water, and
noncontact cooling water. These wastewater streams are not
considered as a part of this rulemaking. EPA believes that the
flows and pollutant loadings associated with these wastewaters
are insignificant relative to waste streams selected and are best
handled by the appropriate permit authority on a case-by-case
3948
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
basis under authority of Section 403 of the Clean Water Act.
AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE
Figure III-2 {Page 3954) shows the locations of the two secondary
nickel plants operating in the United States. Both are located
east of the Mississippi River, near the industrial centers of
western Pennsylvania.
Table III-l (Page 3950) illustrates the relative age and
discharge status of the secondary nickel plants in the United
States. One plant was built in 1923, and the other was built in
1976.
Prom Table III-2 (Page 3951) it can be seen that of the two
facilities which reclaim nickel, one plant reclaims between 500
and 1,000 tons per year, and the other less than 50 tons per
year.
Table II1-3 (Page 3952) provides a summary of the number of
plants generating wastewater for the waste streams associated
with the various processes and the number of plants with the
process.
3949
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
TABLE III-l
INITIAL OPERATING YEAR SUMMARY OF PLANTS IN THE
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
Initial Operating Year
(Plant Age in Years)
Type of
Plant
Direct
Indirect
Zero
Total
1982-
1966
(0-15)
0
0
1
1
1965-
1946
(15-35)
0
0
0
0
1945-
1926
(35-55)
0
0
0
0
1925-
1906
(55-75)
0
1
0
1
Total
0
1
1
2
3950
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
TABLE II1-2
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
Production Ranges for 1982
(Tons/Year)a
0 - 50
50 - 100
500 - 1,000
Total
Number of Plants
1
0
1
2
(a) Based on production of reclaimed nickel
3951
-------
Table 111-3
SUMMARY UK SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
Ul
NJ
Process
Slag Reclaim
Slag Reclaim Tailings
Acid Reclaim
Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate
Acid Reclaim Belt Filter Backwash
Scrap Reclaim
Number of Plants
With the Process
1
Number of
Plants Reporting
Generation of
Wastewater*
to
W
o
o
H
O
X
a
tr"
to
a
ro
o
M
3
^Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may "generate" a wastewater from a
particular process but not discharge it.
M
O
H
H
H
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
i) Slag Seclai.1
H20
Sl»g
fro«
Sn*li
Funu
or Dross
Mlctol • »
:iag
ic«
Mechanical
Granulation
Xineral
-its
G
7
Tali lags
co Pond
Hickei Concentrate
1 Produce
ii) Acid Reclaim
Spent Acids
ceacmenc
Sludge
Pickling «»ac«s
T
Soda Ash
Evaporate
"2°
K0
Sick*! .
Carbonate *
pH
Adj us cm* nc
Filter
r
Open
Furnace
HickeJ
Oxide
L r
Leaching
Recycle
Solids
to
Process
Nickel Forming
Wascewacar
Leacning
Filerace
Bete
Filter
iii) Scrap Reclaim
Manufacturing _»
Scrap
OigMdon
HN03
A
i
Saparacion j
I
1
r
Nickel Product Sold
or Recycled to Process
Silvar-Ricb Str
co Silver
Figure III-1
SECONDARY NICKEL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
3953
-------
10
U3
t/1
HAWAII
I - Indirect Process Mastewater Discharge Plants
Z - Zero Process Uastewater Discharge Plants
Figure III-2
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY PLANTS
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
, SECTION IV
SUBCATEGORIZATION
This section summarizes the factors considered during the
designation of the subdivision of the secondary nickel
subcategory. Production normalizing parameters for each
subdivision are also discussed.
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY NICKEL
SUBCATEGORY
The factors listed for general subcategorization were each
evaluated when considering subdivision of the secondary nickel
subcategory. In the discussion that follows, the factors will be
described as they pertain to this particular subcategory.
The rationale for considering segmentation of the secondary
nickel subcategory is based primarily on differences in the
production processes and raw materials used. Within this
subcategory, a number of different operations are performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require the establishment of separate effluent limitations. While
secondary nickel is considered a single subcategory, a more
thorough examination of the production processes has illustrated
the need for limitations and standards based on a specific set of
waste streams. Limitations will be based on specific flow
allowances for the following subdivisions:
1. Slag reclaim tailings,
2. Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
3. Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.
These subdivisions follow directly from differences between the
processing steps of secondary nickel production. Slag reclaim
and acid reclaim both have various steps which generate
wastewater.
Slag reclamation establishes the need for the first subdivision
slag reclaim tailings. After crushing and milling the nickel
rich slag, a nickel concentrate is separated from impurities with
a wet mineral jig. This produces a tailings waste stream which
is discharged.
Acid reclamation establishes the need for the second and third
subdivisions — acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and acid reclaim
leaching belt filter backwash. Spent pickling acids and
wastewater treatment sludges are added to a tank containing soda
ash in order to precipitate nickel as nickel carbonate. After
filtration, the precipitate is slurried with water and roasted in
an open hearth furnace in order to oxidize the nickel. The nickel
oxide is leached with water to remove impurities and then
filtered on a belt filter. The acid reclaim leaching filtrate is
discharged as a waste stream. The belt filter is backwashed with
3955
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
water, and the backwash water is also discharged as a waste
stream.
OTHER FACTORS
The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to be
inappropriate bases for further segmentation. Air pollution
control methods, treatment costs, and total energy requirements
are functions of the selected subcategorization factors — metal
product, raw materials, and production processes. Certain other
factors, such as plant age, plant size, and the number of
employees, were also evaluated and determined to be inappropriate
for use as the basis for subdivision of the nonferrous metals
subcategory.
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS
As discussed previously, the effluent limitations and standards
developed in this document establish mass limitations on the
discharge of specific pollutant parameters. To allow these
regulations to be applied to plants with various production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit of production. This factor is known as the production
normalizing parameter (PNP). The PNPs for the three subdivisions
are as follows:
Subdivision PNP
1. Slag reclaim tailings slag input to reclaim
process
2. Acid reclaim leaching filtrate acid reclaim nickel
produced
3. Acid reclaim leaching belt filter acid reclaim nickel
backwash produced
At proposal the production normalizing parameter for slag
reclaim tailings was the mass of slag reclaim nickel produced.
Industry comments on the choice of PNP prompted EPA to consider
other parameters. The industry comments included flow and
production information which allowed EPA to recalculate the
production normalized flow. Based on the new information, EPA
concluded that the generation of slag reclaim tailings wastewater
is more closely related to raw material input to the reclaim
process. Therefore, for promulgation, the PNP for slag reclaim
tailings has been changed to the quantity of slag input to the
reclaim process.
3956
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
This section describes the characteristics of the wastewaters
associated with the secondary nickel subcategory. Water use and
discharge rates are explained and then summarized in tables at
the end of this section. Data used to characterize the
wastewaters are presented. Finally, the specific source, water
use and discharge flows, and wastewater characteristics for each
separate wastewater source are discussed.
The two principal data sources used in the development of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory are data
collection portfolios and field sampling results. Data
collection portfolios contain information regarding wastewater
flows and production levels.
In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from secondary
nickel plants, a field sampling program was conducted. A
complete list of the pollutants considered and a summary of the
techniques used in the sampling and laboratory analyses are
included in. Section V of Vol. I. Samples were analyzed for 124 of
the 126 priority pollutants and other pollutants deemed
appropriate. Because the analytical standard for TCDD was judged
to be too hazardous to be made generally available, samples were
never analyzed for this pollutant, samples were also not analyzed
for asbestos. There is no. reason to expect that TCDD or asbestos
would be present in nonferrous metals manufacturing wastewater.
One plant was selected for sampling in the secondary nickel
subcategory. In general, the samples were analyzed for three
classes of pollutants: toxic organic pollutants, toxic metal
pollutants. and criteria pollutants (which includes both
conventional and nonconventional pollutants).
No additional sampling data for this subcategory were obtained
from EPA sampling efforts or industry comments between proposal
and promulgation. Characterization of secondary nickel
subcategory wastewaters (Section V), and selection of pollutant
parameters for limitation (Section VI) has been based on the same
data used at proposal.
As described in Section IV of this supplement, the secondary
nickel subcategory has been divided into three subdivisions, so
that the promulgated regulation contains mass discharge
limitations and standards for three unit processes discharging
process wastewater. Differences in the wastewater
characteristics associated with these subdivisions are to be
expected. For this reason, wastewater streams corresponding to
each subdivision are addressed separately in the discussions that
follow. These wastewater sources are:
3957
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
1. Slag reclaim tailings,
2. Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
3. Acid reclaim, leaching belt filter backwash.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two flow-to-
production ratios were calculated for each stream. The two
ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow, are
differentiated by the flow value used in calculation. Water use
is defined as the volume of water required for a given process
per mass of nickel product and is therefore based on the sum of
recycle and make-up flows to a given process. Wastewater flow
discharged after pretreatment or recycle (if these are present)
is used in calculating the production normalized flow — the
volume of wastewater discharged from a given process to further
treatment, disposal, or discharge per mass of nickel produced.
Differences between the water use and wastewater flows associated
with a given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and
carry-over on the product. The production values used in
calculation correspond to the production normalizing parameter,
PNP, assigned to each stream, as outlined in Section IV. As an
example, acid reclaim leaching filtrate wastewater flow is
related to acid reclaim nickel production. As such, the
discharge rate is expressed in liters of leaching filtrate
wastewater discharged per metric ton of acid reclaim nickel
production.
The production normalized flows were compiled and statistically
analyzed by stream type. These production normalized water use
and discharge flows are presented by subdivision in Tables V-l
through V-3 (pages 3962 -3964). Where appropriate, an attempt was
made to identify factors that could account for variations in
water use. This information is summarized in this section. A
similar analysis of factors affecting the wastewater values is
presented in Sections XI arid XII where representative NSPS and
pretreatment discharge flows are selected for use in calculating
the effluent limitations and standards.
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS DATA
Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
secondary nickel production come from two sources — data
collection portfolios and analytical data from field sampling
trips.
DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS
In the data collection portfolios, plants were asked to indicate
whether or not any of the priority pollutants were present in
their effluent. The one discharging plant indicated that most
toxic organic pollutants were believed to be absent from their
effluent. The plant indicated that a few of the priority organic
pollutants are believed to be present in its effluent. The plant
stated that some of the priority metals were known to be present
3958
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
in their effluent. The responses for the toxic metals are
summarized below.
Pollutant Known Present Believed Present
Antimony 0 0
Arsenic 0 0
Beryllium 0 0
Cadmium 0 0
Chromium 1 1
Copper 1 1
Lead 0 0
Mercury 0 0
Nickel i 1 1
Selenium 0 0
Silver 0 0
Thallium 0 0
Zinc 1 1
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from secondary nickel plants, wastewater samples were
collected at one plant. A diagram indicating the sampling sites
and contributing production processes is shown in Figure V-l
(Page 3974).
The sampling data for the secondary nickel subcategory are
presented in Tables V-4 through V-7 (pages 3965 - 3972). The
stream codes displayed in Tables ¥.4 through V-7 may be used to
identify the location of each of the samples on process flow
diagrams in Figure V.I. Where no data are listed for a specific
day of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream were not
collected.
The detection limits shown on the data tables are not the same in
all cases as the published detection limits for these pollutants
by the same analytical methods. The detection limits used were
reported with the analytical data and hence are the appropriate
limits to apply to the data. Detection limit variation can occur
as a result of a number of laboratory-specific, equipment-
specific, and daily operator-specific factors. These factors can
include day-to-day differences in machine calibration, variation
in stock solutions, and variation in operators.
The statistical analysis of data includes some samples measured
at concentrations considered not quantifiable. Priority metal
and conventional and nonconventional pollutant values reported as
less than a certain value were considered as not quantifiable and
a value of zero is used in the calculation of the average.
Appropriate source water concentrations are presented with the
summaries of the sampling data. The method by which each sample
was collected is indicated by number, as follows:
3959
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
1 - One-time grab
2 - Manual composite during intermittent process operation
3 - 8-hour manual composite
4 - 8-hour automatic composite
5 - 24-hour manual composite
6-24 hour automatic composite
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since secondary nickel production involves three principal
sources of wastewater and each has potentially different
characteristics and flows, the wastewater characteristics and
discharge rates corresponding to each subdivision will be
described separately. A brief description of why the associated
production processes generate a wastewater and explanations for
variations of water use within each subdivision will also be
discussed.
SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS
Nickel is recovered from dross or slag generated in nickel
smelting furnaces by a wet granulation operation After
recovering the nickel values from the granulated slag, the wet
residue is discharged to a railings pond and the overflow from
the tailings pond is discharged as a waste stream. One plant
reported generating this waste stream, and its water use and
discharge rates are presented in Table V-l (Page 3962).
Sampling data for slag reclaim tailings is presented in Table V-4
(page 3965). This waste stream is characterized by the presence
of treatable concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel,
suspended solids, and pH. Sampling data for tailings pond
effluent is presented in Table V-5 (page 3967).
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE
After nickel is precipitated from waste pickling acids with
sodium carbonate and roasted to produce nickel oxide, the nickel
oxide is leached with water to remove impurities. The wet nickel
oxide is dewatered on a belt filter and the filtrate is
discarded. One plant reported generating this waste stream, and
its water use and discharge rates are presented in Table V-2
(page 3963).
Sampling data for acid reclaim leaching belt filtrate is
presented in Table V-6 (page 3970). This waste stream is
characterized by the presence of treatable concentrations of
chromium, copper, nickel, and suspended solids.
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
In the acid reclaim process, after the dewatered nickel oxide is
scraped from the belt filter, the filter is backwashed with water
and the backwash water may be discharged. One plant reported
3960
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
generating this waste stream, and its water use and discharge
rates are presented in Table V-3 (page 3964).
Sampling data for acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash is
presented in Table V-7 (page 3972). This waste stream is
characterized by the presence of treatable concentrations of
chromium, copper, nickel, and suspended solids.
3961
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-l
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS
(1/kkg of slag input to reclaim process)
Plant Percent Recycle
Code or Reuse
1169 0
Production
Normalized
Water Use Flow
12,848
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
12,848
3962
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-2
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE
(1/kkg of acid reclaim nickel produced)
Plant Percent Recycle
Code or Reuse
1169 0
Production
Normalized
Water Use Flow
4,995
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
4,995
3963
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-3
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
(1/kkg of acid reclaim nickel produced)
Plant Percent Recycle
Code or Reuse
1169 0
Production
Normalized
Water Use Flow
1,199
Production
Normalized
Discharge Flow
1,199
3964
-------
Table V-4
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
SLAG KECLAIM TAILINGS POND INFLUENT
KAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
1 118.
en
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
w
Sample Concentrations (mg/1) 8
Typet Source
1 <0.002
1 <0.005
1 <0.01
1 <0.05
1 <0.10
1 0.170
1 <0.02
1 <0.10
1 <0.002
1 0.20
1 <0.01
1 <0.002
1 <0.005
1 <0.05
Day 1
<0.002
0.93
<0.02
<0.027
5.35
0.59
<0.02
<0.2
<0.002
7.5
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
0.15
Day 2 Day g
K
H
O
M
tr<
W
G
W
O
I
Q
O
tfl
W
O
1
<
-------
Table V-4 (Continued)
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS POND INFLUENT
HAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
en
en
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
chloride
fluoride
sulfate
total solids (TS)
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended aolida (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
<,
61 9,
12
0.43
130
330 16,
<1
22 16,
6.64
Day 1 Day 2 D
<,
000
550
22
42
000
10
000
11.38
w
M
O
lay 3 §
o
»
S3
H
O
M
f
w
c
w
n
>
(-3
W
Q
O
*
W
W
O
I
<
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
-------
Table V-5
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS POND EFFLUENT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
u>
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
1 1 5. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
9tt/
Sample
Typet
1
.. .1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/l)
Source
<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.05
<0.10
0.170
<0.02
<0.10
<0.002
0.20
<0.01
<0.002
<0.005
<0.05
Day 1 Day 2
<0.002
0.290
<0.02
<0.02
0.170
27.0
<0.02
<0.20
<0.002
0.10
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.02
w
n
f-S
Day 3§
Nj
H
O
1
G
O
1-3
M
0
*
cn
M
o
H
1
<
-------
Table V-5 (Continued)
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS POND EFFLUENT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
to
Pollutant
Nonconventionai Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
chloride
u> fluoride
vo
a\
03 sulfate
total solids (TS)
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pri (standard units)
Stream
Code
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) g
Source
<1
61
12
0.43
130
330 1
<1
22
6.64
Day i
<1
880
25
0.41
18
,800
12
670
11.01
Day 2 Day 3 Q
e
IS
H
O
m
8
o
tj
w
n
o
Kj
w
o
H
1
tSample Type Code: 1 - Qne-tirae grab
-------
Table V-6
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
ACID RECLAIM LEACHINO FILTRATE
RAW WASTEUATER SAMPLING DATA
VD
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
1 15. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
1 19. chromium (total)
1 20. copper
121. cyanide (total)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
1 25 . selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.05
<0.10
0.170
<0,02
<0.10
<0.002
0.20
<0.01
<0.002
<0.005
<0.05
Day 1 Day 2
<0.002
0.029
<0.020
<0.02
3.40
38.0
<0.02
<0.2
<0.002
49.0
<0.01
0.008
<0.002
0.26
en
W
8
Day 3§
K
H
O
M
OT
a
03
a
s
M
Q
O
cn
w
o
Hi
1
<
-------
Table V-6 (Continued)
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
chloride
w fluoride
0 sulfate
total solids (TS)
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pri (standard units)
Stream
Code
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
004
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (og/11 o
Source
«
61
12
0.43
130 1,
330 2,
<1
22
6.64
Day 1
<1
52
68
1.7
000
800
10
350
7.39
Day 2 Day 3g
o
s
2!
H
O
M
f
in
a
w
o
o
o
*
w
a
n
i
<
tSaraple Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
-------
Table V-7
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant:
Toxic Pollutants
114. antimony
i15. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
en
M
Stream
Code
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations ^mg/1)
Source
<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.05
<0.10
0.170
<0.02
<0.10
<0.002
0.20
<0.01
<0.002
<0.005
<0.05
Day 1 Day 2
0.004
0.013
<0.02
<0.02
O.BB
60.0
<0.02
<0.2
<0.002
96.0
<0.01
o.ooa
<0.002
0.12
O
Day 3§
K
H
-I
SUBCATEGOI
K$
M
i
<
-------
Table V-7 (Continued)
SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
w
Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (rag/i) w
Source
Day 1
Day 2 Day 3 o
|
Nonconventional Pollutants §
acidity
alkalinity
chloride
fluoride
sulfate
total solids
Conventional
- — .
(TS)
Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard
units)
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
<1
61
12
0.43
130
330 3,
<1
22 2,
6.64
<1
51
22
1.7
98
760
9
900
6.61
K
2!
H
O
M
r1
w
c
w
o
>
w
1
*
M
O
I
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
-0—»
Discharge
"(^ ' *" Dischasg*
Non-scope VMCev*e«r
Equalization
task
'i » Discharge
Sludge
to Proc«3«
Figure V-l
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY NICKEL PLANT A
3973
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3974
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
SECTION VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS
This section examines chemical analysis presented in Section V
and discusses the selection or exclusion of priority pollutants
for potential limitation. Conventional and nonconventional
pollutants are selected or excluded for regulation in this
section. The basis for the selection of toxic and other
pollutants, along with a discussion of each pollutant selected
for potential limitation, is discussed in Section VI of Vol. I.
That discussion provides information about the nature of the
pollutant (i.e., whether it is a naturally occurring substance,
processed metal, or a manufactured compound), general physical
properties and the form of the pollutant, toxic effects of the
pollutants in humans and other animals, and behavior of .the
pollutant in POTW at the concentrations expected in industrial
discharges.
The discussion that follows describes the analysis that was
performed to select or exclude priority pollutants for further
consideration for limitations and standards. The data from three
wastewater samples collected at one nickel plant were considered
in this analysis. All samples are raw wastewater samples
collected on one day at one of the plants. Pollutants will be
selected for further consideration if they are present in
concentrations treatable by the technologies considered in this
analysis. In Sections IX through XII, a final selection of the
pollutants to be limited will be made, based on relative factors.
CONVENTIONAL AND NONCQNVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED
This study examined samples from secondary nickel plants for
conventional pollutant parameters (oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH). The conventional and nonconventional
pollutants or pollutant parameters selected for limitation in
this subcategory are:
total suspended solids (TSS)
PH
Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the three samples
ranged from 350 mg/1 to 16,000 mg/1. All of the observed
concentrations are above the 2.6 mg/1 concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology. Furthermore, most
of the technologies used to remove toxic metals do so by
converting these metals to precipitates. A limitation on total
suspended solids ensures that sedimentation to remove
precipitated toxic metals is effectively operating. For these
reasons, total suspended solids is a pollutant parameter selected
for limitation in this subcategory.
The pH values observed ranged from 6.6 to 11.4. Effective
3975
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
removal of toxic metals by precipitation requires careful control
of pH. Therefore pH is selected for limitation in this
subcategory
TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
The frequency of occurrence of the toxic pollutants in the
wastewater samples considered in this analysis is presented in
Table VI-1 (Page 3978). These data provide the basis for the
categorization of specific pollutants, as discussed below. Table
VI-1 is based on the raw wastewater sampling data from streams
986. 004. and 005. Stream 987 was sampled after settling and was
not used in the frequency count.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
The toxic pollutants listed in table VI-2 (page 3979) were not
detected in any raw wastewater samples from this subcategoryj
therefore, they are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations:
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION
The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any wastewater samples
from this subcategory; therefore, they are not selected for
consideration in establishing effluent limitations and standards.
114. antimony
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
121. cyanide :
122. lead I
123. mercury '
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION _IN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
The toxic pollutants selected for further consideration in
establishing limitations and standards for this subcategory are
listed below:
115. arsenic
119. chromium
120. copper
124. nickel
128, zinc
Arsenic was detected above its treatable concentration (0.34
mg/1) in one of three samples. The quantifiable concentrations
3976
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
ranged from 0.013 mg/1 to 0.93 mg/1. Since arsenic was present
in concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Chromium was detected above its treatable concentration (0.07
mg/1) in three of three samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.88 mg/1 to 5.35 mg/1. Since chromium was present
in concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Copper was detected above its treatable concentration (0.39 mg/1)
in three of three samples. The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 0.59 mg/1 to 60 mg/1. Since copper was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Nickel was detected above its treatable concentration (0.22 mg/1)
in three of three samples The quantifiable concentrations
ranged from 7.5 mg/1 to 96 mg/1. Since nickel was present in
concentrations exceeding' the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
Zinc was detected above its treatable concentration (0.23 mg/1)
in one of three samples. The quantifiable concentrations ranged
from 0.12 mg/1 to 0.26 mg/1. Since zinc was present in
concentrations exceeding the concentration achievable by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
3977
-------
Table Vl-t
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
Pollutant («g/l)(a)
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
£ 122.
-3 123.
00 124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
.
antlMuny
arsenic
beryl llin
cadnlun
chroiiun
cupper
cyanide (c)
lead
isercury
nickel
selaiium
silver
thallium
zinc
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
0.100
0.010
o.oto
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
O.Oi
0.02
0.100
0.050
5.0
1.0
Treatable
Concentration
(mum
0.47
0.34
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
10.0
2.6
(tidier of
Streams
Analyzed
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Number of Detected tie low
Samples tbt f^iantiflcatlon
Analyzed Detected Concentration
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
3
3
0
0
3
3
3
0
3
3
3
0
0
0
Detected
Below
Treatable
Concentration
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
W
w
o
o
3
Detected g
Above ^
Treatable K
Concent rat ionM
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
3
— *-t
H
O
!*!
M
•
w
c;
o
HI
O
o
gj
KJ
en
w
o
HI
i
H
(a) Analytical quantification concentration MBS reported with the data (see Section V).
(b) Treatable concentrations are based on performance of chemical precipitation, sedboentation, and filtration.
(c) Analytical quantification ccncaitraticn for t£Hh Method 335.2, '(btal Cyanide (tecnods for Ihenicai Analysis of Water aid Wastes, £HA
6QO/'i-79-0<;0, Hircii
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
1. acenaphthene*
2. acrolein*
3. acrylonitrile*
4. benzene*
5. benzedine*
6. carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)*
7. chlorobenzene*
8. 1,2,4-thrichlorobenzene*
9. hexaehlorobenzene*
10. 1,2,-dichloroethane*
11. 1,1,1,-thrichloroethane*
12. hexachloroethane*
13. 1,1-dichloroethane*
14. 1,1,2-thrichloroethane*
15. 1,1,2-tetrachloroethane*
16. chloroethane*
17. bis (chloromethyl) ether (deleted)*
18. bis (2-chloroethyl) ether*
19. 2-chlordethyl vinyl ether (mixed)*
20. 2-chloronaphthalene*
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol*
22. para-chloro meta-cresol*
23. chloroform (trichloromethane)*
24. 2-chlorophenol*
25. 1f2-dichlorobenzene*
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene*
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene*
28. 3,3-dichlorobenzidine*
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene*
30. 1,2-trans-diehloroethylene*
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol*
32. 1,2-dichloropropane*
33. 1,3-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)*
34. 2,4-dimerhylphenol*
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene*
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene*
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine*
38. ethylbenzene*
39. fluoranrhene*
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether*
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether*
42. bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether*
43. bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane*
44 methylene chloride (dichloromethane)*
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)*
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)*
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)*
48. dichlorobromomethane*
49. trichlorofluoromethane (deleted)*
3979
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SDBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
50. dichlorodifluororaethane (deleted)*
51. chlorodibromoxnerhane*
52. hexachlorobutadiene*
53. hexachlorocyclopenradiene*
54. isophorone*
55. naphthalene*
56. nitrobenzene*
57. 2-nitrophenol*
58. 4-nitrophenol*
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol*
60. 4,5-dinirro-o-eresol*
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine*
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine*
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine*
64. pentachlorophenol*
65. phenol*
66. bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate*
67. buryl benzyl phthalate*
68. di-n-butyl phthalate*
69. di-n-octyl phthalate*
70. diethyl phthalate*
71. dimethyl phthalare*
72. benzo (a) anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)*
73. benzo (a) pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)*
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene*
75. benzo (k) fluoranthene*
76. chrysene*
77. acenaphthylene*
78. anthracene*
79. benzo (ghi) perylene (1,12-benzoperylene)*
80. fluorene*
81. phenanthrene*
82. dibenzo (a,h) anthracene (1,2 5ro-dibenzanthracene)*
83. ideno (Ir2,3-cd) pyrene (2,3,-o-phenylenepyrene)*
84, pyrene*
85. tetrachloroethylene*
86. roluene.
87. trichloroethylene*
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)*
89. aldrin*
90. dieldrin*
91. chlordan'e (technical mixture and metabolites)*
92. 4,4'-DDT*
93. 4,4'-DDE (p,p'DDX)*
94. 4,4'-ODD (p,p'TDE)*
95. Alpha-endosulfah*
96. Beta-endosulfan*
97. endosulfan sulfate*
98. endrin*
99. endrin aldehyde*
3980
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
100. heptachlor*
101. heptachlor epoxide*
102. Alpha-8HC*
103. Beta-BHC*
104. Gamma-BBC (lindane)*
105. Delta-BHC*
106. PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)*
107. PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1254)*
108. PCB.12-21 (Arochlor 1221)*
109. PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)*
110. PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)*
111. PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260)*
112. PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)*
113. toxaphene *
116. asbestos
129. 2,3,7r8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p~dioxin (TCDD)
*The Agency did not analyze for these pollutants in samples of
raw wastewater from this subcategory. These pollutants are not
believed to be present based on the Agency's best engineering
judgment which includes consideration of raw materials and
process operations.
3981
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3982
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
• SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters from secondary
nickel plants. This section summarizes the description of these
wastewaters and indicates the treatment technologies which are
currently practiced in the secondary nickel subcategory for each
waste stream. Secondly, this section presents the control and
treatment technology options which were examined by the Agency
for possible application to the secondary nickel subcategory.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently being applied to each of the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed
in Section V, wastewater associated with the secondary nickel
subcategory is characterized by the presence of the toxic metal
pollutants and suspended solids. This analysis is supported by
the raw (untreated) wastewater data presented for specific
sources as well as combined waste streams in Section V.
Generally, these pollutants are present in each of the waste
streams at concentrations above treatability, and these waste
streams are commonly combined for treatment. Construction of one
wastewater treatment system for combined treatment allows plants
to take advantage of economic scale and in some instances to
combine streams of different alkalinity to reduce treatment
chemical requirements. The one discharging plant in this
subcategory currently has a combined wastewater treatment system
treating nickel forming and acid reclaim wastewater, consisting
of lime precipitation and sedimentation. Two options have been
selected for consideration for NSPS and pretreatment based on
combined treatment of these compatible waste streams.
SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS
Slag or dross from a nickel smelting furnace may be reclaimed for
its nickel values with a wet granulation operation. The tailings
generated by this operation are discharged to a railings pond
where solids are settled. The tailings pond overflows and
discharges to a POTW. The tailings pond acts as a primary
settling unit, and no additional treatment is performed on this
wastewater. One plant has this waste stream and treatment. The
raw waste is characterized by toxic metals and suspended solids.
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE
After nickel is precipitated from spent pickling acids with
sodium carbonate and roasted to produce nickel oxide, the nickel
oxide is leached with water to remove impurities and then
dewatered on a belt filter. One plant discharges the resultant
leaching filtrate without treatment to a POTW.
3983
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
In the acid reclaim process, after the dewatered nickel oxide is
scraped from the belt filter, the filter is backwashed with
water. The resultant backwash water is treated as a combined
waste stream along with nickel forming wastewaters in a lime
precipitation and sedimentation system prior to discharge.
Recycle is not practiced on these three wastewater streams and
all are indirectly discharged. All have toxic metals and
suspended solids above treatable concentrations.
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
The Agency examined two control and treatment technology options
that are applicable to the secondary nickel subcategory. The
options selected for evaluation represent a combination of
preliminary treatment technologies applicable to individual waste
streams and end-of-pipe treatment technologies. The effectiveness
of these technologies is presented in Section VII of the General
Development Document.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary nickel subcategory requires control
and treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of wastewater
pollutant mass.
The Option A treatment scheme consists of chemical precipitation
and sedimentation technology. Specifically, lime or some other
chemical is used to precipitate metal ions as metal hydroxides.
The metal hydroxides and suspended solids settle out and the
sludge is collected. Vacuum filtration is used to dewater
sludge.
Slag reclaim and acid reclaim wastewaters are treated separately
because of economic considerations.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary nickel subcategory consists of all
control and treatment requirements of Option A (chemical
precipitation and sedimentation, separate treatment of slag and
acid reclaim wastewater) plus multimedia filtration technology
added at the end of the Option A treatment scheme. Multimedia
filtration is used to remove suspended solids including
precipitates of metals, beyond the concentration attainable by
gravity sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the gravity,
mixed-media type, although other forms of filters, such as rapid
sand filters or pressure filters would perform satisfactorily.
The addition of filters also provides consistent removal during
periods of time in which there are rapid increases in flows or
loadings of pollutants to the treatment system.
3984
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
This section presents a summary of compliance costs for the
secondary nickel subcategory and a description of the treatment
options and subcategory-specific assumptions used to develop
these estimates. Together with the estimated pollutant reduction
performance presented in Sections XI and XII of this supplement,
these cost estimates provide a basis for evaluating each
regulatory option. These cost estimates are also used in
determining the probable economic impact of regulation on the
subcategory at different pollutant discharge levels. In
addition, this section addresses nonwater quality environmental
impacts of wastewater treatment and control alternatives,
including air pollution, solid wastes, and energy requirements,
which are specific to the secondary nickel subcategory.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
As discussed in Section VII, two treatment options have been
developed for existing secondary nickel sources. The treatment
schemes for each option are summarized below and schematically
presented in Figures Xl-1 and XI-2 (pages 4002 - 4003).
OPTION A
Option A consists of chemical precipitation and sedimentation
end-of-pipe technology. Slag reclaim tailings is treated
separately from acid reclaim wastewater.
OPTION C
Option C consists of Option A (chemical precipitation and
sedimentation, and separate treatment of slag and acid reclaim
wastewater) with the addition of multimedia filtration to the end
of the Option A treatment scheme.
COST METHODOLOGY
Plant-by-plant compliance costs for the nonferrous metals
manufacturing category have been revised following . proposal
because of new flow and production data for slag reclaim
wastewater received through industry comments. These revisions
calculate incremental costs, above treatment already in place,
necessary to comply with the promulgated effluent limitations and
standards and are presented in the administrative record
supporting this regulation. A comparison of the costs developed
for proposal and the revised costs for the final regulation are
presented in Table VIII-1 (Page 3989) for the one indirect
discharger in the secondary nickel subcategory. Each subcategory
contains a unique set of waste streams requiring certain
subcategory-specific assumptions to develop compliance costs.
3985
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
The major assumptions relevant to cost estimates for the
secondary nickel subcategory are discussed briefly below.
(1) Compliance costs are based on integrated treatment of
the two acid reclaim waste streams (with forming streams)
and separate treatment of the slag reclaim tailings stream.
Costs attributable to treating the streams associated with
acid reclaim operations at this plant are based on flow
weighting the integrated treatment costs.
(2) The slag reclaim tailings stream is not recycled at BAT
since recycling is not demonstrated on this waste stream.
Plant operation shows that numerous attempts have been made
to recycle this stream without success.
(3) Costs of treating the slag reclaim railings stream are
based on primary settling and removal of the majority of
settleable solids in the existing lagoon prior to entering
chemical precipitation. Chemical precipitation is
accomplished using sulfuric acid as the precipitant rather
than lime due to the high pH of the influent (pH 11).
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
A general discussion of the nonwater quality aspects of the
control and treatment options considered for the nonferrous
metals category is contained in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Nonwater quality impacts specific to the
secondary nickel subcategory, including energy requirements,
solid waste and air pollution are discussed below.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
The methodology used for determining the energy requirements; for
the various options is discussed in Section VIII of the General
Development Document. Energy requirements for the two
options considered are estimated at 89,000 kwh/yr and 112,000
kwh/yr for Options A and C, respectively. Option C represents
less than one percent of a typical plant's electrical energy
usage. It is therefore concluded that the energy requirements of
the treatment options considered will not have a significant
impact on total plant energy consumption.
SOLID WASTE
Sludge generated in the secondary nickel subcategory is due to
the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using lime
or sulfuric acid. Sludges associated with the secondary nickel
subcategory will necessarily contain quantities of toxic metal
pollutants. Wastes generated by secondary metal industries can
be regulated as hazardous. However, the Agency examined the
solid wastes that would be generated at secondary nonferrous
metals manufacturing plants by the suggested treatment
technologies, and believes they are not hazardous wastes under
the Agency's regulations implementing Section 3001 of the
3986
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The one exception to
this is solid wastes generated by cyanide precipitation. These
sludges are expected to be hazardous and this judgment was
included in this study. None of the non-cyanide wastes are
listed specifically as hazardous. Nor are they likely to exhibit
a characteristic of hazardous waste. This judgment is made based
on the recommended technology of lime precipitation and
filtration. By the addition of a small excess of lime during
treatment, similar sludges, specifically toxic metal bearing
sludges, generated by other industries such as the iron and steel
industry passed the Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity test. See
40 CFR $261.24. Thus, the Agency believes that the wastewater
sludges will similarly not be EP toxic if the recommended
technology is applied.
Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result of these guidelines are not expected to be hazardous,
generators of these wastes must test the waste to determine if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste
(see 40 CFR $262.11).
If these wastes identified should be or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA's "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point of generation to .point of final disposition. EPA's
generator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR $262.20 [45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980)]. The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous waste
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR $263.20 [45 FR
33151 (May 19, 1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31,
1980)]. Finally, RCRA regulations establish standards for
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
allowed to receive such wastes. See 40 CFR Part 464 [46 FR 2802
(January 12, 1981), 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982)].
Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they still
must be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open
dumping standards, implementing S4004 of RCRA. See 44 FR 53438
(September 13, 1979). The Agency has calculated as part of the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and disposing
of these wastes. '
The Agency estimates that the promulgated PSES regulation for
secondary nickel manufacturing facilities will generate 423
metric tons of solid wastes (wet basis) in 1982 as a result of
wastewater treatment.
AIR POLLUTION
3987
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems will result from implementation of chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia filtration. These
technologies transfer pollutants to solid waste and are not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
3988
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Table VIII-1
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
w
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O
Proposal Coats _ _ Promulgation Costs _ S
Option Capital Cost Annual Cost Capital^Coit Annual Cost o
A 286,137 119,339 320,100 161,200 *
25
C 341,274 147,750 387,300 196,200 o
(286,549)* (119,616)* (320,500)* (161,500)*
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*These costs represent Option C without filtration for slag reclaim tailings.
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
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3990
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
The plants within the secondary nickel subcategory were studied
as to their wastewater disposal practices and it was determined
that BPT and BAT are not applicable to this subcategory. This is
because there are no direct dischargers of process wastewater.
The secondary nickel subcategory is regulated under New Source
Performance Standards in Section XI and Pretreatment Standards in
Section XII.
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
As described in Section IX, BAT is not applicable to the
secondary nickel subcategory because none of the plants in the
subcategory directly discharge any wastewater to surface waters.
Regulation of the secondary nickel subcategory is covered in
Section XI under New Source Performance Standards and Section XII
under Pretreatment Standards.
3991
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
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3992
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
This section describes the technologies for treatment of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for regulated pollutants for NSPS in the secondary nickel
subcategory, based on the selected treatment technology. The
basis for new source performance standards (NSPS) is the best
available demonstrated' technology (BDT). New plants have the
opportunity to design the best and most efficient production
processes and wastewater treatment technologies without facing
the added costs and restrictions encountered in retrofitting an
existing plant. Therefore, EPA has considered the best
demonstrated process changes, in-plant controls, and end-of-pipe
treatment technologies which reduce pollution to the maximum
extent feasible.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
New source performance standards are based on the most effective
and beneficial technologies currently available. The Agency
reviewed and evaluated a wide range of technology options for new
sources. The Agency elected to examine two technology options.
applied to combined wastewater streams, which could be applied to
the secondary nickel subcategory as alternatives for the basis of
NSPS.
Treatment technologies considered for the NSPS options are
summarized below:
OPTION A (Figure XI-1, page 4000) is based on:
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater
OPTION C (Figure XI-2, page 4001) is based on:
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Multimedia filtration
Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater
As explained in Section IV, the secondary nickel subcategory has
been subdivided into three potential wastewater sources or
building blocks. Since the water use. discharge rates, and
pollutant characteristics of each of these wastewaters is
potentially unique, effluent limitations will be developed for
each of the three subdivisions.
For each of the building blocks a specific approach was followed
for the development of NSPS. The first requirement to calculate
these limitations is to account for production and flow
3993
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SECONDARY NICKEL SOBCATEGORY SECT - XI
variability from plant to plant. Therefore, a unit of production
or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was determined for each
waste stream which could then be related to the flow from the
process to determine a production normalized flow. Selection of
the PNP for each process element is discussed in Section IV. Each
plant within the subcategory was then analyzed to determine which
subdivisions were present, specific flow rates generated for each
subdivision, and the specific production normalized flows for
each subdivision. This analysis is discussed in detail in
Section V. Nonprocess wastewater such as rainfall runoff and
noncontact cooling water is not considered in the analysis.
Production normalized flows for each subdivision were analyzed to
determine which flow was to be used as part of the basis for
NSPS. The selected flow (sometimes referred to as a NSPS
regulatory flow or NSPS discharge flow) reflected the water use
controls which are common practice within the industry, The NSPS
normalized flow is based on the average of all applicable data.
Nothing was found to indicate that the wastewater flows and
characteristics of new plants would not be similar to those from
existing plants, since the processes used by new sources are not
expected to differ from those used at existing sources.
The second requirement to calculate new source performance
standards is the set of concentrations that are achievable by
application of NSPS level treatment technology. Section VII
discusses the various control and treatment technologies which
are currently in place for each wastewater source. In most cases,
the current control and treatment technologies consist of
chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle)
technology.
Using theses regulatory flows and the achievable concentrations,
the next step is to calculate mass loadings for each wastewater
source by subdivision or building block. This calculation was
made on a stream by stream basis primarily because plants in this
subcategory may perform one or more of the operations in various
combinations. The mass loadings (milligrams of pollutant per
metric ton — mg/kkg) were calculated by multiplying the NSPS
regulatory flow (1/kkg) by the concentration achievable by the
NSPS level of treatment technology (mg/1) for each pollutant
parameter limited under NSPS. These mass loadings are published
in the Federal Register and in 40 CFR part 421 as the effluent
limitations.
The mass loadings which are allowed under NSPS for each plant
will be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
wastewater sources which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly, all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at secondary nickel plants.
3994
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/kkg) is a link
between the production operations and the effluent limitations.
The pollutant discharge attributable to each operation can be
calculated from the normalized flow and effluent concentration
achievable by the treatment technology and summed to derive an
appropriate limitation for each subcategory.
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
As one means of evaluating each technology option, EPA developed
estimates of the pollutant removal and the compliance costs
associated with each option. Since there are no existing direct
dischargers in the secondary nickel subcategory, the estimated
pollutant removal analysis was only carried out for indirect
dischargers.
A complete description of the methodology used to calculate the
estimated pollutant removal, or benefit, achieved by the
application of the various treatment options is presented in
Section X of Vol. I. Sampling data collected during the field
sampling program were used to characterize the major waste
streams considered for regulation. At each sampled facility, the
sampling data was production normalized for each unit operation
(i.e., mass of pollutant generated per mass of product
manufactured). This value, referred to as the raw waste, was
used to estimate the mass of toxic pollutants generated within
the secondary nickel subcategory. The pollutant removal
estimates were calculated for each plant by first estimating the
total mass of each pollutant in the untreated wastewater. This
was calculated by first multiplying the raw waste values by the
corresponding production value for that stream and then summing
these values for each pollutant for every stream generated by the
plant.
The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment option was estimated for each operation at each plant
by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory flow. The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the other
plant flows. The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by multiplying the achievable concentration values attainable
with the option (mg/1) by the estimated volume of process
wastewater discharged by the subcategory. The mass of pollutant
removed is the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated within the subcategory and the mass of pollutant
discharged after application of the treatment option. The
pollutant removal estimates for indirect dischargers in the
secondary nickel subcategory have been revised since proposal
based on new flow and production data and are presented in Table
XII-1 (Page 4009) .
J995
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
COMPLIANCE COSTS
In estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first step
was to develop a cost estimation model, relating the total costs
associated with installation and operation of wastewater
treatment technologies to plant process wastewater, discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant. The plant's investment and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in place
and by its individual process wastewater discharge flow. As
discussed above, this flow is either the actual or the NSPS
regulatory flow, whichever is lesser. The final step was to
annualize the capital costs, and to sum the annualized capital
costs and the operating and maintenance costs for each plant,
yielding the cost of compliance for the subcategory. A
comparison of the costs developed for proposal and the revised
costs for promulgation is presented in Table XII-2 (Page 4010).
These costs were used in assessing economic achievability.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed that NSPS for the secondary nickel subcategory be
based on Option C, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration. Filtration was proposed for acid reclaim
leaching filtrate and acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash,
but not for slag reclaim tailings. Filtration was not proposed
for slag reclaim tailings wastewater because it was not found to
be cost effective.
The wastewater flow rates for NSPS were equivalent to the
proposed PSES flow rates. Flow reduction measures were not
considered feasible for the waste streams generated in this
subcategory.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
We are promulgating NSPS for the secondary nickel subcategory
based on Option A, chemical precipitation and sedimentation. The
end-of-pipe treatment configuration for the NSPS option selected
is presented in Figure XI-3 (Page 4011). It was determined that
filtration for slag reclaim tailings and acid reclaim wastewater
would not remove much additional pollutants beyond lime and
settle treatment, and therefore, is not justified.
The pollutants and pollutant parameters specifically limited
under NSPS are chromium, copper, nickel, total suspended solids
and pH. The toxic pollutants arsenic and zinc were also
considered for regulation because they are present at treatable
concentrations in the raw wastewaters from this subcategory.
These pollutants were not selected for-specific regulation
because they will be effectively controlled when the regulated
toxic metals are treated to the levels achievable by the model
technology.
Promulgated NSPS technology and discharge rates are equivalent to
promulgated PSES technology and discharge rates. Because NSPS is
3996
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
equal to PSES, we believe that the promulgated NSPS will not have
a detrimental impact on the entry of new plants into this
subcategory.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A NSPS discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the average of the flows of the existing plants, as determined
from analysis of dcp. The discharge rate is used with the
achievable treatment concentrations to determine NSPS effluent
limitations. Since the discharge rate may be different for each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for each of the three wastewater sources are discussed below and
summarized in Table XI - 1 (Page 4002). The discharge rates are
normalized on a production basis by relating the amount of
wastewater generated to the mass of the product which is produced
by the process associated with the wastewater stream in question.
These production normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are also listed
in Table XI - 1.
Section V of this document further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents water use and discharge flow rates for each
plant by subdivision in Tables V - 1 through V - 3 (Pages 3962 -
3964).
SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS
NSPS wastewater discharge allowance at proposal for slag reclaim
tailings was 85,600 1/kkg (20,513 gal/ton) of slag reclaim nickel
produced. The NSPS allowances were based on the discharge rate
at the only plant reporting this stream. Since proposal, industry
comments which included flow and production information enabled
EPA to recalculate the production normalized flow. In addition,
industry comments prompted EPA to reconsider the production
normalizing parameter for this stream. Based on the new
information submitted, EPA concluded that the generation of slag
reclaim tailings wastewater is related more closely to raw
material input to the reclaim process than to the quantity of
nickel produced from the process.
The NSPS wastewater discharge allowance used at promulgation for
slag reclaim tailings is 12,848 1/kkg (3,079 gal/ton) of slag
input to the reclaim process. This rate is allocated only for
those plants that reclaim nickel from slag generated in melt
furnaces with a wet granulation process. The water use and
wastewater discharge rates are presented in Table V - 1 (Page
3962) .
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE
The NSPS wastewater discharge allowance used for both proposal
and promulgation for acid reclaim leaching filtrate is 4,995
1/kkg (1,197 gal/ton) of acid reclaim nickel produced. This rate
is allocated only for those plants that reclaim nickel from spent
acids, pickling wastes, and wastewater treatment sludges by
3997
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
precipitation or nickel carbonate, followed by roasting to
produce nickel oxide and leaching with water. The water use and
wastewater discharge rates are presented in Table V - 2 (Page
3963).
ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
The NSPS wastewater discharge allowance used at both proposal and
promulgation for acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash is
1,199 1/kkg (287 gal/ton) of acid reclaim nickel produced. This
rate is allocated only for those plants that reclaim nickel from
spent acids, pickling wastes, and wastewater treatment sludges as
explained above, and clean the belt filter with water. The water
use and wastewater discharge rates are presented in Table V - 3
(Page 3964).
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations form individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination and
evaluation was presented in Section VI. A total of five
pollutants or pollutant parameters are selected for limitation
under NSPS and are listed below:
119. chromium
120. copper
124. nickel
TSS
pH
The Agency has chosen not to regulate all five priority
pollutants selected in Section VI for further consideration.
i
The high cost associated with analysis for priority metal
pollutants has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for
regulating and monitoring priority pollutant discharges from the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. Rather than developing
specific effluent mass limitations and standards for each of the
priority metals found above treatable concentrations in the raw
wastewater from a given subcategory, the Agency is promulgating
effluent mass limitations ohly for those pollutants generated in
the greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal
analysis.
By establishing limitations and standards for certain priority
metal pollutants, dischargers will attain the same degree of
control over priority metal pollutants as they would have been
required to achieve had all the toxic metal pollutants been
directly limited.
This approach is technically justified since the treatable
concentrations used for chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology are based on optimized treatment for concomitant
3998
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT -r XI
multiple metals removal. Thus, even though metals have somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at very
nearly the same rate in a chemical precipitation and
sedimentation treatment system operated for multiple metals
removal.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The pollutant concentrations achievable by application of the
NSPS technology are discussed in Section VII of this supplement.
These achievable concentrations (both one day maximum and monthly
average values) are multiplied by the NSPS normalized discharge
flows summarized in Table XI-1 (Page 4000) to calculate the mass
of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The
results of these calculations in milligrams of pollutant per
kilogram of product represent the new source performance
standards and are presented in Table XI-2 (Page 4001) for each
individual building block.
3999
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XI
TABLE XI-1
NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
Building Block
Slag Reclaim Tailings
Acid reclaim Leaching
Filtrate
Acid Reclaim Leaching
Belt Filter Backwash
NSPS Normalized
Discharge Rate
(1/kkg) (gal/ton)
12,848
4,995
1,199
3,079
1,197
287
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
slag input to
reclaim process
acid reclaim
nickel produced
acid reclaim
nickel produced
4000
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XI
TABLE XI-2
NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of slag input to reclaim process
Arsenic 26.850 11.950
*Chromium 5.653 2.313
*Copper ; 24.410 12.850
*Nickel 24.670 16.320
Zinc 18.760 7.837
*TSS 526.800 250.500
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Arsenic ! 10.440 4.645
*Chromium 2.198 0.899
*Copper 9.491 4.995
*Nickel ' 9.590 6.344
Zinc 7.293 3.047
*TSS 204.800 97.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Arsenic 2.506 1.115
*Chromium 0.528 0.216
*Copper 2.278 1.199
*Nickel 2.302 1.523
Zinc 1.751 0.731
*TSS 49.160 23.380
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4001
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Figure XI-1
NSPS TKEATMKNT SCHKMK FOR OPTION A
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Figure XI-3
NSPS TREATMENT SCHEME FOR OPTION C WITHOUT
FILTRATION FOR SIAG RECLAIM TAI LINUS
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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from existing sources and new
sources in the secondary nickel subcategory. PSES are designed
to prevent the discharge of pollutants which pass through,
interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with the operation
of publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The Clean Water Act
requires pretreatment for pollutants, such as toxic metals, that
limit POTW sludge management alternatives. New indirect
discharge facilities, like new direct discharge facilities, have
the opportunity to incorporate the best available demonstrated
technologies, including process changes, in-plant controls, and
end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and to use plant site
selection to ensure adequate treatment system installation.
Pretreatment standards are to be technology based, analogous to
the best available or best demonstrated technology for removal of
toxic pollutants.
Pretreatment standards for regulated pollutants are presented
based on the selected control and treatment technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT
Before proposing or promulgating pretreatment standards, the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen sludge disposal practices. In determining whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving secondary
treatment, the Agency compares the percentage of a pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable. A
pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the average
percentage removed nationwide by well-operated POTW meeting
secondary treatment requirements, is less than the percentage
removed by direct dischargers complying with BAT effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant.
This definition of pass through satisfies two competing
objectives set by Congress that standards for indirect
dischargers be equivalent to standards for direct dischargers,
while at the same time, the treatment capability and performance
of the POTW be recognized and taken into account in regulating
the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.
The Agency compares percentage removal rather than the mass or
concentration of pollutants discharged because the latter would
not take into account the mass of pollutants discharged to the
POTW from non-industrial sources or the dilution of the
pollutants in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.
4005
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SECONDARY NICKEL SDBCATEGORY SECT - XII
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
The industry cost and pollutant removal estimates of each
treatment option were used to determine the most cost-effective
option. The methodology applied in calculating pollutant removal
estimates and plant compliance costs is discussed in Section XI.
The compliance costs and pollutant removal estimates have been
recalculated since proposal based on new flow and production data
for the slag reclaim tailings stream obtained through industry
comments. Table XII-1 (Page 4009) shows the revised pollutant
removal estimates for indirect dischargers. A comparison of
proposal and promulgation compliance costs for indirect
dischargers is presented in Table XII-2 (Page 4010).
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES
Options for pretreatment of wastewaters from both existing and
new sources are based on increasing the effectiveness of end-of-
pipe treatment technologies.' All in-plant changes and applicable
end-of-pipe treatment processes have been discussed previously in
Section XI. The options for PSNS and PSES, therefore, are the
same as the NSPS options discussed in Section XI. A description
of each option is presented in Section XI.
Treatment technologies considered for the PSES and PSNS options
are:
OPTION A
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater
OPTION C
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
o Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater
PSES OPTION SELECTION PROPOSAL
EPA proposed PSES for the secondary nickel subcategory based on
Option C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration). Filtration was proposed for acid reclaim leaching
filtrate and acid reclaim leaching filter backwash wastewaters,
but not for slag reclaim tailings wastewater. Filtration for
slag reclaim tailings wastewater was not found to be cost
effective.
Implementation of the proposed PSES limitations was estimated to
remove 1,113 kilograms of toxic metal pollutants annually.
Capital and annual costs of $286,549 and $119,616 (1982 dollars),
respectively, were estimated in order to achieve the proposed
PSES.
4006
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
PSES OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating PSES for this subcategory based on Option A,
chemical precipitation and sedimentation. Filtration was not
found to be cost effective for any subdivisions in this
subcategory because it would not remove much additional pollutant
beyond that removed with lime and settle treatment. The
pollutants specifically regulated under PSES are chromium,
copper, and nickel. The toxic pollutants arsenic and zinc were
also considered for regulation because they are present at
treatable concentrations in the raw wastewaters from this
subcategory. These pollutants were not selected for specific
regulation because they will be effectively controlled when the
regulated toxic metals are treated to the levels achievable by
the model technology. We are promulgating PSES to prevent pass-
through of chromium, copper, and nickel. These priority
pollutants are removed by a well-operated POTW at an average of
32 percent while PSES technology removes approximately 84
percent.
Implementation of the promulgated PSES limitations will remove
annually an estimated 1,625 kg of priority metals. We estimate a
capital cost of $320,100 and an annualized cost of $161,200 (1982
dollars) to achieve the promulgated PSES. The promulgated PSES
will not result in adverse economic impacts.
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL
EPA proposed PSNS for the'secondary nickel subcategory based on
Option C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia
filtration). Filtration was not proposed for slag reclaim
tailings wastewater, however, because it was not shown to be cost
effective for this waste stream.
Wastewater discharge rates for PSNS were proposed equivalent to
the PSES discharge rates.
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION
EPA is promulgating PSNS equivalent to promulgated NSPS and PSES.
The same pollutants pass through at PSNS as at PSES, for the same
reasons.
The PSES flow allowances ,are based on minimization of process
wastewater wherever possible.
The Agency believes that the promulgated PSNS are achievable, and
that they are not a barrier to entry of new plants into this
subcategory.
The wastewater discharge rates for PSNS are identical to the NSPS
discharge rates for each waste stream. The PSNS discharge rates
are shown in Table XII-3 (Table 4012).
4007
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Pretreatment standards are based on the achievable concentrations
from the selected treatment technology and the discharge rates
determined in Section XI for NSPS and shown in Table Xll-3. A
mass of pollutant per mass of product (mg/kg) allocation is given
for each subdivision within the subcategory. This pollutant
allocation is based on the product of the concentration
achievable from the model treatment (mg/1} and the production
normalized wastewater discharge rate (1/kkg). The achievable
treatment concentrations for NSPS are identical to those for PSES
and PSNS. PSES and PSNS are presented in Table XII-4 and XII-5,
respectively (pages 4012 - 4013).
4008
-------
Table XII-1
POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR INDIRECT DISCHARGERS IN THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
foi lut ant
Ant iraony
Arsenic
Cadmium
ChronluB (total)
Capper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Total Raw
Discharge
(kfl/yr)
0
16.90
0
12.20
1,606. 3D
0
0
0
51.68
0
0
0
0.19
TOTAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS 1,687.35
Ammon i a
Cobalt
Fluoride
TOTAL NONCOHVKNTIONALS
TSS
Oil & Crease
U
0
23.89
23.89
932,833.74
699.12
Optioit A
Discharge
^kn/yr)
0
16.90
0
4.95
34.18
0
0
0
6.41
0
0
0
0.19
62.63
0
0
23.89
23.89
707,09
581.35
Opt ion A
Kemuved
(kts/yr)
0
U
0
7.25
1,572.20
0
0
0
45.2?
0
0
0
0
I ,624.72
0
0
ft
0
932,126.65
117.77
Opt ion C
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0
16.90
0
4.13
22. 98
0
0
0
6.00
0
0
0
0.17
30.18
0
0
23.89
23.89
153.20
581.35
Up t ion C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
8.07
1,583.40
0
0 .
0
45.68
0
0
0
0.02
I ,637.17
0
0
0
0
932.6ttO.54
117.77
Selected
Option
Discharge
(kR/yr)
0
16.90
0
4.94
34.03
0
0
0
6.00
0
0
0
0.17
62.04
0
0
23.89
23.89
699. 6U
581.35
.Selected
Option
Removed
(kK/yr)
0
0
0
7.26
1,572.35
0
0
0
45.68
0
0
0
0.02
1,625.31
0
0
0
0
932, 134. Ob
117.77
tn
W
O
O
t)
55
H
O
W
tr"
c
to
o
i-1
w
Q
1
Cfl
w
o
1
(xj
M
H
TUTAL CONVKNTiUNALS
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
93S.244.1U
1.2B8.44 932,244.42
1,374.96 933.B69.I4
734.55 932.798.31
aOB.62 934,435.48
.2U1.03 932,251.83
1,366.96 933.877.14
Option A * Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Option C - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration
-------
O
M
O
Table XII-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
(March, 1982 Dollars)
w
w
O
_ Proposal Costs _ __ Promulgation Costs _ 3
Option Capital Cost Annual Cost Capital Cost Annual Cost >
A 286,137 119,339 320,100 161,200 *
C 341,274 147,750 387,300 196,200 £
M
(286,549)* (119,616)* (320,500)* (161,500)* £-
a
to
O
>
H
M
Q
t/3
M
O
^
I
X
H
*These costs represent Option C without filtration for slag reclaim tailings.
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
SECT - XII
. TABLE XII-3
PSES AND PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
Wastewater Stream
Slag Reclaim Tailings
Acid reclaim Leaching
Filtrate
Acid Reclaim Leaching
Belt Filter Backwash
PSES and PSNS
Normalized
Discharge Rate
(1/kkg) (gal/ton)
12,848
4,995
1,199
3.079
1,197
287
Production
Normalizing
Parameter
slag input to
reclaim process
acid reclaim
nickel produced
acid reclaim
nickel produced
4011
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XII-4
PSES FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg
Arsenic
* Chromium
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
(Ib/million Ibs)
of slag
26.850
5.653
24.410
24.670
18.760
input to reclaim process
11.950
2.313
12.850
16.320
7.837
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Arsenic 10.440 4.645
*Chromium 2.198 0.899
*Copper 9.491 4.995
*Nickel 9.590 6.344
Zinc 7.293 3.047
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Arsenic 2.506 1.115
*Chromium 0.528 0.216
*Copper 2.278 1.199
*Nickel 2.302 1.523
Zinc 1.751 0.731
*Regulated Pollutant
4012
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
TABLE XI1-5
PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg
Arsenic
*Chromium
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
(Ib/million Ibs) of slag
26.850
5.653
24.410
24.670
18.760
input to reclaim process
11.950
2.313
12.850
16.320
7.837
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced
Arsenic . 10.440 4.645
*Chromium 2.198 0.899
*Copper 9.491 4.995
*Nickel 9.590 6.344
Zinc 7.293 3.047
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced
Arsenic 2.506 1.115
*Chromium 0.528 0.216
*Copper 2.278 1.199
*Nickel 2.302 1.523
Zinc 1.751 0.731
*Regulated Pollutant
4013
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4014
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SU1CATEGORY SECT - XIII
SECTION XIII
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
EPA is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control for
the secondary nickel subcategory at this time.
4015
-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY SECT - XIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Pages 4017 and 4018 are omitted,
4016
-------
NONPERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT
for the
Secondary Tin Subcategory
William K. Reilly
Administrator
R'ebecca Hanmer
Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
Martha Prothro, Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Industrial Technology Division
Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
Metals Industry Branch
and
Technical Project Officer
May 1989
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Industrial Technology Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
4019
-------
4020
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
I SUMMARY 4029
II CONCLUSIONS 4031
III SUBCATEGORY PROFILE 4045
Description of Secondary Tin Production 4045
Raw Materials 4045
Tin Smelting 4046
Alkaline Detinning 4046
Electrowinning 4047
Precipitation of Tin Hydroxide 4047
Reduction to Tin Metal 4047
Process Wastewater Sources 4948
Other Wastewater Sources 4048
Age, Production, and Process Profile 4048
IV SUBCATEGORIZATION 4055
Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary 4055
Tin Subcategory
Other Factors 4057
Production Normalizing Parameters 4057
V WATER AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS 4059
Wastewater Flow Rates 4060
Wastewater Characteristics Data 4061
Data Collection Portfolios 4061
Field Sampling Data 4062
Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by 4063
Subdivision
Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber 4063
Dealuminizing Rinse 4063
Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate 4064
Tin Hydroxide Wash 4064
Spent Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap 4064
Spent Electrowinning Solution From Municipal 4065
Solid Waste
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Scrap 4065
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Plating 4066
Solutions and Sludges
Tin Hydroxide Filtrate 4066
4021
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
VI SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant
Parameters Selected
Toxic Priority Pollutants 4217
Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 4217
Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their 4217
Analytical Quantification Concentration
Toxic Pollutants Present Below Concentrations 4218
Achievable by Treatment
Toxic Pollutants Detected in a Small Number 4218
of Sources
Toxic Pollutants Selected for Further 4220
Consideration in Establishing Limitations and
Standards
VII CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 4229
Current Control and Treatment Practices 4229
Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber 4229
Dealuminizing Rinse 4229
Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate 4230
Tin Hydroxide Wash 4230
Spent Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap 4230
Spent Electrowinning Solution From Municipal 4230
Solid Waste
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Scrap 4231
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Plating Solutions 4231
and Sludges
Tin Hydroxide Filtrate 4231
Control and Treatment Options 4231
Option A 4231
Option C 4232
VIII COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL 4233
Treatment Options for Existing Sources 4233
Option A 4233
Option C 4233
Cost Methodology 4234
Nonwater Quality Aspects 4234
Energy Requirements . 4235
Solid Waste 4235
Air Pollution 4236
4022
-------
Section
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)
IX BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY 4239
AVAILABLE
Technical Approach to BPT 4239
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 4241
BPT Option Selection 4241
Wastewater Discharge Rates 4242
Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber 4242
Deal umini zing- Rinse 4243
Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate 4243
Tin Hydroxide Wash 4243
Spent Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap 4243
Spent Electrowinning Solution Prom Municipal 2444
Solid Waste
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Scrap 4244
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Plating Solutions 4244
and Sludges
Tin Hydroxide Filtrate 4245
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 4245
Effluent Limitations 4245
X BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY 4259
ACHIEVABLE
Technical Approach to BAT 4259
Option A 4260
Option C 4260
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 4260
Pollutant Removal Estimates 4260
Compliance Costs 4261
BAT Option Selection - Proposal 4261
BAT Option Selection - Promulgation 4262
Wastewater Discharge Rates 4263
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 4263
Effluent Limitations 4264
XI NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 4281
Technical Approach to NSPS 4281
NSPS Option Selection - Proposal 4282
NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation 4282
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 4282
New Source Performance Standards 4282
4023
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
XII PRETREATMENT STANDARDS 4293
Technical Approach to Pretreatment 4293
Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates 4293
Pretreatment Standards for Existing and New 4294
Sources
PSES and PSNS Option Selection 4294
Regulated Pollutant Parameters 4295
Pretreatment Standards 4295
XIII BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 4317
4024
-------
SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY
LIST OP TABLES
Table Title Page
III-l Initial Operating Year (Range) Summary of Plants 4049
in the Secondary Tin Subcategory By
Discharge Type
III-2 Production Ranges for Secondary Tin Plants 4050
for 1982
III-3 Summary of Secondary Tin Subcategory Processes 4051
and Associated Waste Streams
V-l Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Smelter SO2 4068
Scrubber
V-2 Water Use and Discharge Rates Dealuminizing 4068
Rinse
V-3 Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Mud Acid 4068
Neutralization Filtrate
V-4 Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide Wash 4069
V-5 Water Use and Discharge Rates Spent 4069
Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap
V-6 Water Use and Discharge Rates Spent 4069
Electrowinning Solution From Municipal
Solid Waste
V-7 Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide 4070
Supernatant From Scrap
V-8 Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide 4070
Supernatant From Plating Solutions and Sludges
V-9 Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide 4071
Filtrate
V-10 Scrubber Blowdown Raw Wastewater Sampling Data 4071
V-ll Spent Electrowinning Solution Raw Wastewater 4082
Sampling Data
V-12 Tin Hydroxide Precipitation Supernatant (From 4102
Scrap) Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
4025
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Page
V—13 Tin Hydroxide Precipitation Supernatant (Prom 4113
Spent Plating Solution and Sludges) Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
V-14 Tin Hydroxide Filtrate Raw Wastewater Sampling 4129
Data
V-15 Mud Pond Supernatant Raw Wastewater Sampling 4140
Data
V-16 Electrowinning Solution After Chlorination - 4151
Plant C Treated Wastewater Sampling Data
V-17 Electrowinning Solution After Chlorination and 4161
Neutralization - Plant C Treated Wastewater
Sampling Data
V-18 Electrowinning Solution After Chlorination, 4181
Neutralization, and Sedimentation - Plant C
Treated Wastewater Sampling Data
V-19 Final Effluent - Plant C Treated Wastewater 4181
Sampling Data
V-20 Electrowinning Solution After Carbonation - 4191
Plant D Treated Wastewater Sampling Data
V-21 Influent to Treatment - Plant E Raw Wastewater 4201
Sampling Data
V-22 Treated Effluent - Plant E Treated Wastewater 4205
Sampling Data
V-23 Secondary Tin Sampling Data, Raw Wastewater 4209
from Self Sampling Data
VI-1 Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants 4223
Secondary Tin Subcategory Raw Wastewater
VI-2 Toxic Pollutants Never Detected 4227
VIII-1 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Tin 4237
Subcategory Direct Dischargers
VIII-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Tin 4237
Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
4026
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Title Page
IX-1 BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4247
Secondary Tin Subcategory
IX-2 BPT Mass Limitations for the Secondary Tin 4248
Subcategory
X-l Secondary Tin Subcategory Pollutant Removal 4266
Estimates Direct Dischargers
X-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Tin 4268
Subcategory Direct Dischargers
X-3 BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4269
Secondary Tin Subcategory
X-4 BAT Mass Limitations for the Secondary Tin 4270
Subcategory
XI-1 NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4283
Secondary Tin Subcategory
XI-2 NSPS for the Secondary Tin Subcategory 4284
XIl-1 Secondary Tin Subcategory Pollutant Removal 4296
Estimates Indirect Dischargers
XII-2 Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Tin 4297
Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
XII-3 PSES and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4298
Secondary Tin Subcategory
XII-4 PSES for the Secondary Tin Subcategory 4299
XII-5 PSNS for the Secondary Tin Subcategory 4308
4027
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
LIST OP FIGURES
Figure Title
III-l Tin Smelting Production Process
III-2 Other Tin Production Processes
III-3 Geographic Locations of the Secondary Tin
Subeategory Plants
V—1 Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant A
V-2 Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant B
V-3 Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant C
V-4 Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant D
V-5 Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant E
XI-1 BPT Treatment Scheme for Option A
X-l BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A
X-2 • BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C
4052
4053
4054
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4257
4279
4280
4028
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
SECTION I
SUMMARY
This document provides the technical basis for promulgating
effluent limitations based on best practicable technology (BPT)
and best available technology (BAT) for existing direct
dischargers, pretreatment standards for existing indirect
dischargers (PSES), pretreatment standards for new indirect
dischargers (PSNS), and standards of performance for new source
direct dischargers (NSPS).
The secondary tin subcategory consists of twelve plants. Of the
twelve plants, three discharge directly to rivers,
lakes, or streams; one discharges to a publicly owned
treatment works (POTW); and eight achieve zero discharge of
process wastewater.
EPA first studied the secondary tin subcategory to determine
whether differences in raw materials, final products,
manufacturing processes, equipment, age and size of plants, or
water usage, required the development of separate effluent
limitations and standards for different segments of the
subcategory. This involved a detailed analysis of wastewater
discharge and treated effluent characteristics, including the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the
sources of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the
constituents of wastewaters, including toxic priority
pollutants. As a result, nine subdivisions or building blocks
have been identified for this subcategory that warrant
separate effluent limitations. These include:
(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate*
EPA also identified several distinct control and treatment
technologies (both in-plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to the
secondary tin subcategory. The Agency analyzed both historical
and newly generated data on the performance of these
technologies, including their nonwater quality environmental
impacts and air quality, solid waste generation, and energy
requirements. EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported in the data collection portfolios (dcp) and plant
visits.
4029
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - I
Engineering costs were prepared for each of the control and
treatment options considered;for the subcategory. These costs
were then used by the Agency to estimate the impact of
implementing the various options on the subcategory. For each
control and treatment option that the Agency found to be most
effective and technically feasible in controlling the discharge
of pollutants, we estimated the number of potential closures/
number of employees affectedv and impact on price. These results
are reported in a separate document entitled "The Economic Impact
Analysis of Effluent Limitations and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Industry."
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
has identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology. Metals removal based on chemical precipitation and
sedimentation technology is the basis for the BPT limitations.
Cyanide precipitation was selected as the basis for cyanide
limitations. To meet the BPT effluent limitations based on this
technology, the secondary tin subcategory is expected to incur
capital and annual costs. However, these costs are not
presented here because they are based on information claimed to
be confidential.
For BAT, the Agency has built upon the BPT technology basis by
adding filtration as an effluent polishing step to the
end-of-pipe treatment scheme. To meet the BAT effluent
limitations based on this technology, the secondary tin
subcategory is estimated tb incur capital and annual costs.
However, these costs are not presented here because the data on
which they are based has been claimed to be confidential.
NSPS, which are based on best demonstrated technology, are
equivalent to BAT. In selecting NSPS, EPA recognizes that new
plants have the opportunity to implement the best and most
efficient manufacturing processes and treatment technology.
However, the technology basis of BAT has been determined as the
best demonstrated technology for this subcategory.
The technology basis for PSES is equivalent to BAT. To meet the
pretreatment standards for existing sources, the secondary
tin subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost of $160,187
and an annual cost of $50,044. For PSNS, the Agency selected
end-of-pipe treatment and in-process flow reduction control
techniques equivalent to NSPS.
The mass limitations and standards for BPT, BAT, NSPS, PSES and
PSNS are presented in Section II.
4030
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS
EPA has divided the secondary tin subcategory into nine
subdivisions for the purpose of effluent limitations and
standards. These subdivisions are:
(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.
BPT is promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle) technology, along with preliminary treatment consisting
of cyanide precipitation for selected waste streams. The
following BPT limitations are promulgated:
(a) Tig Smelter SO2 Scrubber BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of crude tapped tin produced
Arsenic 19.220 8.554
Lead 3.863 1.840
Iron 11.040 5.611
Tin 3.495 2.024
TSS 377.100 179.400
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
4031
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced
Lead 0.015 0.007
Cyanide (total) OiOlO 0.004
Fluoride 1.225 0.700
Tin 0.013 0.008
TSS 1.435 0.683
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs
Lead
Cyanide (total)
Fluoride
Tin
TSS
pH Within
) of neutralized
2.120
1.464
176.600
1.918
206.900
the range of 7.5
dewatered tin mud pro
1.009
0.606
100.400
1.110
98.420
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Tin Hydroxide Wash BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed
Lead 5.020 2.391
Cyanide (total) 3.466 1.434
Fluoride 418.400 237.900
Tin 4.542 2.630
TSS 490.100 233.100
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
4032
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)ofcathodetin produced
Lead 7.056 3.360
Cyanide (total) 4.872 2.016
Fluoride 588.000 334.300
Tin 6.384 3.696
TSS 688.800 327.600
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
Waste BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap used as raw material
Lead 0.050 0.024
Cyanide (total) 0.035 0.014
Fluoride .4.165 2.368
Tin 0.045 0.026
TSS 4.879 2.321
pH Within the tange of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) oftin metalrecovered from scrap
Lead 23.370 11.130
Cyanide (total) 16.140 6.677
Fluoride 1,947.000 1,107.000
Tin 21.140 12.240
TSS 2,281.000 1,085.000
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
4033
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
Solutions and Sludges BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal recovered from
plating solutions and sludges
Lead
Cyanide (
Fluoride
Tin
TSS
pH
total)
Within
4,
4,
the
48,
33,
025.
43,
715.
.300
.350
.000
.700
.000
range of 7.5
2
2
to
23
13
,289
25
,243
10.0
.000
.800
.000
.300
.000
at all
times
(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal produced
Lead 10.520 5.009
Cyanide (total) 7.263 3.005
Fluoride 876.500 498.400
Tin 9.517 5.510
TSS 1,027.000 488.400
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BAT is promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime,:settle, and filter) technology along
with preliminary treatment consisting cyanide precipitation for
selected waste streams. The following BAT effluent limitations
are promulgated:
(a) Tin Smelter S02 Scrubber BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of crude tapped tin produced
Arsenic
Lead
Iron
Tin
12.790
2.575
11.040
3.495
5.703
1.196
5.611
2.024
4034
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced
Lead .0.010 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.007 0.0028
Fluoride . 1.225 0.697
Tin 0.013 0.008
(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized dewatered tin
mud produced
Lead 1.413 0.656
Cyanide (total) 1.009 0.404
Fluoride 176.600 100.400
Tin 1.918 1.110
(d) Tin Hydroxide Wash BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed
Lead 3.347 1.554
Cyanide (total) 2.391 0.956
Fluoride 418.400 237.900
Tin 4.542 2.630
(e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cathode tin produced
Lead
Cyanide (total)
Fluoride
Tin
4.704
3.360
588.000
6.384
2.184
1.344
334.300
3.696
4035
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(f) Spent Elecbrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
Waste BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of MSW scrap used as raw material
Lead 0.033 0.015
Cyanide (total) 0.024 « 0.010
Fluoride 4.165 2.368
Tin 0.045 0.026
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal recovered from scrap
Lead 15.580 7.233
Cyanide (total) 11.130 4.451
Fluoride 1,947.000 1,107.000
Tin 21.140 12.240
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
Solutions and Sludges BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal recovered from
plating solutions and sludges
Lead 32.200 14.950
Cyanide (total) 23.000 9.200
Fluoride 4,,025.000 2,289.000
Tin 43.700 25.300
(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate BAT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced
*
Lead 7.012 3.256
Cyanide (total) 5.009 2.004
Fluoride 876.500 498.400
Tin 9.517 5.510
4036
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
NSPS are based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle and filter) technology, along
with preliminary treatment consisting of cyanide precipitation
for selected waste streams. The following effluent standards are
promulgated for new sources:
(a) Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of crude tapped tin produced
Arsenic 12.790 5.703
Lead 2.575 1.196
Iron 11.040 5.611
Tin 3.495 2.024
TSS 138.000 110.400
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse NSPS
Pollutant or:Maximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced
Lead 0.010 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.007 0.003
Fluoride 1.225 0.697
Tin 0.013 0.008
TSS 0.525 0.420
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized dewatered tin
mud produced
Lead 1.413 0.656
Cyanide (total) 1.009 0.404
Fluoride 176.600 100.400
Tin 1.918 1.110
TSS 75.710 60.560
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
4037
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(d) Tin Hydroxide Wash NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed
Lead 3.347 1.554
Cyanide (total) 2.391 0.956
Fluoride 418.400 237.900
Tin 4.542 2.630
TSS 179.300 143.400
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of cathode tin produced
Lead 4.704 2.184
Cyanide (total) 3.360 1.344
Fluoride 588.000 334.300
Tin 6.384 3.696
TSS 252.000 201.600
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
Waste NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap used as raw material
Lead 0.033 0.015
Cyanide (total) 0.024 0.001
Fluoride 4.165 2.368
Tin 0.045 0.026
TSS 1.785 1.428
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
4038
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap NSPS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal recovered from scrap
Lead 15.580 7.233
Cyanide (total) 11.130 4.451
Fluoride 1,947.000 1,107.000
Tin 21.140 12.240
TSS 834.600 667.700
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
Solutions and Sludges NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)oftin metal recovered from
plating solutions and sludges
Lead 32.200 14.950
Cyanide (total) 23.000 9.200
Fluoride 4,025.000 2,289.000
Tin 43.700 25.300
TSS 1,725.000 1,380.000
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate NSPS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)oftin metal produced
Lead 7.012 3.256
Cyanide (total) 5.009 2.004
Fluoride 876.500 498.400
Tin 9.517 5.510
TSS 375.700 300.500
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
PSES are promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle and filter) technology, along
with preliminary treatment consisting of cyanide precipitation
for selected waste streams. The following pretreatment standards
are promulgated for existing sources:
4039
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(a) Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million
Arsenic
Lead
Iron
Tin
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse
Ibs) of crude
12.790
2.575
11.040
3.495
PSES
tapped
5.
1.
5.
2.
tin produced
703
196
611
024
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/milliori Ibs) of dealuminized scrap produced
Lead 0.010 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.007 0.003
Fluoride 1.225 0.697
Tin 0.013 0.008
(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized dewatered tin
mud produced
Lead 1.413 0.656
Cyanide (total) 1.009 0.404
Fluoride 176.600 100.400
Tin 1.918 1.110
(d) Tin Hydroxide Wash PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin hydroxide washed
Lead 3.347 1.554
Cyanide (total) 2.391 0.956
Fluoride 418.400 237.900
Tin 4.542 2.630
4040
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cathode -tin produced
Lead 4.704 2.184
Cyanide (total) ,3.360 1.344
Fluoride 588.000 334.300
Tin 6.384 3.696
(f) Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
Waste PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of MSW scrap used as raw material
Lead 0.033 0.015
Cyanide (total) 0.024 0.010
Fluoride 4.165 2.368
Tin 0.045 0.026
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap PSES
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal recovered from scrap
Lead 15.580 7.233
Cyanide (total) 11.130 4.451
Fluoride 1,947.000 1,107.000
Tin 21.140 12.240
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
Solutions and Sludges PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metalrecovered from
plating solutions and sludges
Lead 32.200 14.950
Cyanide (total) 23.000 9.200
Fluoride 4,025.000 2,289.000
Tin 43.700 25.300
4041
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate PSES
Pollutant or Maximum! for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced
Lead 7.012 3.256
Cyanide (total) 5.009 2.004
Fluoride 876.500 498.400
Tin 9.517 5.510
PSNS are promulgated based on the performance achievable by
the application of chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, ^settle and filter) technology, along
with preliminary treatment consisting of cyanide precipitation
for selected waste streams. The following pretreatment standards
are promulgated for new sources.
(a) Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg
Arsenic
Lead
Iron
Tin
(Ib/million Ibs) of crude
12.790
2.575
11.040
3.495
tapped tin produced
5.703
1.196
5.611
2.024
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of dealuminized scrap produced
Lead 0.010 0.005
Cyanide (total) 0.007 0.003
Fluoride 1.225 0.697
Tin 0.013 0.008
4042
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibsjof neutralized dewatered tin
,mud produced
Lead 1.413 0.656
Cyanide (total) 1.009 0.404
Fluoride 176.600 100.400
Tin 1.918 1.110
d) Tin Hydroxide Wash PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed
Lead 3.347 1.554
Cyanide (total) 2.391 0.956
Fluoride 418.400 237.900
Tin 4.542 2.630
e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of cathode tin produced
Lead 4.704 2.184
Cyanide (total) 3.360 1.344
Fluoride 588.000 334.300
Tin 6.384 3.696
f) Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
Waste PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap used as
raw material
Lead 0.033 0.015
Cyanide (total) 0.024 0.010
Fluoride 4.165 2.368
Tin 0.045 0.026
4043
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - II
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)oftin metal recovered from scrap
Lead 15.580 7.233
Cyanide (total) li.130 4.451
Fluoride 1,947.000 1,107.000
Tin 21.140 12.240
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
Solutions and Sludges PSNS
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal recovered from
plating solutions and sludges
Lead 32.200 14.950
Cyanide (total) 23.000 9.200
Fluoride 4,025.000 2,289.000
Tin 43.700 25.300
(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property Any One Day Monthly Average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced
Lead 7.012 3.256
Cyanide (total) 5.009 2.004
Fluoride 876.500 498.400
Tin 9.517 5.510
EPA is not promulgating BCT for the secondary tin subcategory at
this time.
4044
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
SECTION III
SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This section of the secondary tin supplement describes
the raw materials and processes used in the production of
secondary tin and presents a profile of the secondary tin
plants identified in this study.
The largest total use of tin is in solders which are manufactured
from both primary tin and secondary tin. The low melting point
of tin (232°C) makes it ideal for this application. Tin plated
steel products represent the second largest use of tin. Only
primary tin is used for this application.
Tin is also used in a number of alloys such as brass, bronze,
and white metal alloys including babbitt. White metal alloys
are low melting point alloys consisting primarily of tin or
lead. These alloys may also contain lesser amounts of copper,
zinc and antimony and are used primarily in bearings.
DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY TIN PRODUCTION
Tin is produced by smelting tin concentrates with
limestone and coke. The •crude tin is then electrolytically
refined and cast. The process is presented schematically in
Figure III-l (page 4052).
Tin may also be produced by smelting tin residues, particularly
detinners mud from secondary tin recovery operations. Most
secondary tin, however, is produced by dissolving tin from tin
plated steel scrap, and recovering the tin by electrowinning. Tin
may also be recovered from solution by precipitation of tin as
tin hydroxide, Sn(OH)4. A smaller amount of secondary tin is
recovered from tin plating sludges which are generated by tin
plated steel production operations. These secondary tin
production operations can be divided into four major operations:
alkaline detinning, electrowinning, tin hydroxide precipitation,
and reduction to tin metal. These operations are shown
schematically in Figure III-2 (page 4053).
RAW MATERIALS
Tin concentrates used in tin production are imported from South
America and Malaysia. EPA considers these tin concentrates to be
secondary raw materials flor the purpose of establishing effluent
limitations. There are no tin producing facilities in the United
States that manufacture tin from concentrates alone.
The other principal raw material for the secondary tin industry
is tin plated steel scrap. Virtually all of this scrap
comes from fabrication plants which produce cans and a variety of
4045
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
other tin plated steel products. Such scrap may include
punched sheets, rolls and bundles. One producer also reported
tin recovery from tin plated steel separated from municipal
solid waste. Two producers reported that they recovered tin
from spent tin electroplating solutions and plating sludges.
TIN SMELTING
There is currently one tin smelter in the United States. Tin
residues (and sometimes concentrates) are smelted in a kaldo
furnace with limestone, magnesium oxide, and coke at 2,000 to
2,400°F. When the tin content of the residual slag reaches 5 to 7
percent, pyrite is added to liberate additional tin as volatile
tin sulfide. The tin sulfide is contacted with atmospheric
oxygen which results in the generation of sulfur dioxide and tin
oxide particles which are captured in a baghouse and later
recycled to the furnace. Sulfur dioxide emissions from the
smelting furnace are controlled with a scrubber employing a
slurry of finely ground aragonite and water as the scrubbing
solution. Crude molten tin is periodically tapped from the
furnace, fire refined and cast into anodes. The anodes are
consumed in an electrolytic refining process and the purified tin
is cast into ingots.
ALKALINE DETINNING
The first step in recovering tin from tin plated scrap is hot
alkaline detinning. Tin plated scrap is loaded into perforated
steel detinning baskets and placed in a detinning tank which
contains a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate. The
solution is heated to near the boiling point and the tin
dissolves into solution as sodium stannate,
Na2SnO3. The chemical reaction is as follows:
9Sn + 6NaNO3 + 12NaOH + 9H2O >
9Na2SnO3 • H2O + 2NH3 + 2N2 + 3H2O
i
The detinning cycle is complete after 4 to 12 hours. Scrap
containing aluminum is prietreated in a solution of sodium
hydroxide, in which the aluminum dissolves. After rinsing, the
dealuminized scrap is sent to the detinning tanks.
There are two variations oif the alkaline detinning process: the
saturated process and the unsaturated process. In the saturated
process, the sodium stannate solution is allowed to become
supersaturated and sodium stannate crystals precipitate from
solution. The sodium stannate is recovered from the solution in
a filter press and the solution is returned to the detinning
tanks. The sodium stannate filter cake may then be sold as a
product or redissolved in water for further processing or
electrowinning.
In the unsaturated process, the sodium stannate concentration in
the solution is kept below the saturation point and the solution
4046
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
is pumped directly to further processing or electrowinning. In
both the saturated and the unsaturated process, the sodium
stannate solution is purified by adding sodium sulfide, Na2S or
sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS, to precipitate lead and other
metal impurities as insoluble metal sulfides. The precipitated
residue is called tin mud or detinners mud and is sold to tin
smelters.
Detinners mud may also include residues removed from the bottoms
of detinning tanks. This mud contains 3 to 5 percent tin and is
sold as a by-product to tin smelters. The tin mud is usually
rinsed to recover any soluble tin which may be present. The
rinse water is recycled to the detinning tanks. One producer
reported an acid neutralization step in which sulfuric acid is
added to the mud. The neutralized mud is then dewatered in a
filter press and sold as a by-product containing approximately
10 percent tin.
When the detinning cycle is complete, the detinned steel is
removed from the detinning tanks. The steel is then rinsed to
recover any tin solution which may be adhering to it, pressed or
baled, and sold as a product. The rinse water is recycled to the
detinning tanks to recover tin.
ELECTROWINNING
The purified sodium stannate solution is sent to electrolytic
cells where pure tin metal is deposited onto cathodes. The tin
is then removed from the cathodes, melted and cast. The
elecfcrowinning solution is then recycled to the detinning tanks.
A blowdown stream must periodically be discharged from the
electrowinning circuit in order to control the concentration of
aluminum, carbonates, and other impurities in the solution.
One producer reported the use of tin hydroxide, Sn(OH)4, as a
raw material. The tin hydroxide is first washed with water
and then dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide. The
resultant sodium stannate solution is then purified and added to
the sodium stannate solution from alkaline detinning and
the combined solution enters the electrowinning tanks.
PRECIPITATION OF TIN HYDROXIDE
As an alternative to electrowinning, tin can be recovered from
solution as tin hydroxide, Sn(OH)4. Sulfuric acid is added to
lower the pH to 7 and sodium carbonate is then added to raise the
pH to 7.8. At this point tin hydroxide will precipitate from the
solution. The one plant which uses this process precipitates tin
from a solution which is a mixture of alkaline detinning
solution, spent plating solution, and a solution generated by
dissolving tin electroplating sludge in water.
REDUCTION TO TIN METAL
The tin hydroxide is dried and calcined in a furnace to produce
4047
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - III
tin dioxide, SnO2- The tin dioxide is then charged to a
reduction furnace with carbon where it is reduced to tin metal.
PROCESS WASTEWATER SOORCES
Although a variety of processes are involved in secondary
tin production, the process wastewater sources can be subdivided
as follows:
(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.
OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES
There may be other waste streams associated with the
secondary tin subcategory. These streams may include noncontact
cooling water, stormwater runoff, and maintenance and cleanup
water. These wastewater streams are not considered as a
part of this rulemaking. EPA believes that the flows and
pollutant loadings associated with these streams are
insignificant relative to the wastewater streams selected and
are best handled by the appropriate permit authority on
a case-by-case basis under authority of Section 403 of the
Clean Water Act.
AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE
Table III-l (page 4049) shows the relative age and discharge
status of the secondary tin plants. The average plant
age is between 16 and 25 [years. All of the plants have been
built since 1940. Table III-2 (page 4050) shows the 1982
production for secondary tin. Eleven of the 12 secondary
tin plants have production levels less than 1,000 kkg/yr. One
tin producer has a production level between 1,000 and 5,000
kkg/yr.
Table III-3 (page 4051) provides a summary of the number of
plants with the various production processes and the number
of plants which-generate wastewater from each process.
Alkaline detinning is practiced by 10 of the 12 secondary tin
plants. Of these 10 plants, eight also practice electrowinning.
Figure III-3 (page 4054) shows the geographic locations of the
secondary tin facilities in the United States by discharge
status.
4048
-------
Table III-1
INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE) SUMMARY OF PLANTS IN THE
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE
Discharge
Type
Direct
Indirect
Zero
TOTAL
Initial
1982-
1973
(0-10)
0
0
2
2
Operating Year (Range) (Plant Age in Years)
1972-
1968
(11-15)
0
0
1
1
1967-
1958
(16-25)
1
1
3
5
1957-
1948
(26-35)
1
0
1
2
1947-
1938
(36-45)
1
0
1
2
Total
3
1
8
12
en
W
o
O
K
H
cn
o
a*
Q
O
0>
M
O
H
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-------
SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY SECT - III
TABLE II1-2
PRODUCTION RANGES FOR SECONDARY TIN PLANTS FOR 1982
1000-5000 Total
* 3
0 1
i I
* 12
Discharge
Type
Direct
Indirect
Zero
Total
Production
Range
0-100 100-1000
*
1
•4
*
*
0
•4
,*
*Direct discharge production data have been withheld because the
information on which they are based has been claimed to be
confidential.
4050
-------
*»
o
Table III-3
SUMMARY OF SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
Process and Waste Streams
Tin Smelting
Smelter S02 scrubber
Alkaline Detinning
Dealuminizing rinse
Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate
Electrowinning
Tin hydroxide wash
Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap
Spent electrowinning solution from municipal
solid waste
Tin Hydroxide Precipitation
Supernatant from scrap
Supernatant from plating solutions and sludges
- Tin hydroxide filtrate
Number of
Plants With
Process or
Waste Stream
1
1
10
1
1
8
1
8
1
2
1
2
1
Number
of Plants
Reporting
Generation
of Wastewater*
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
SBCONDAI
»*v
K;
1-3
H
53
w
c
»
o
M
Q
O
*
W
a
,
H
H
H
Reduction to Tin Metal
*Through reuse or evaporation practices, a plant may "generate" wastewater from a
particular process but not discharge it.
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - III
Alkaline
Slurry
Tin Concentrates
and Residues
I
S02 Scrubber
Crude
Tin
Fire
Refining
and
Anode
Casting
I
Electrolytic Refining
Casting
Tin Ingots
Figure II1-1
TIN SMELTING PRODUCTION PROCESS
4052
-------
Recycle
Tin PlaieJ Scrap
NaOH
NaNO
*».
0
Ul
U)
Tin Sludg
Spent
Haling
Solution
M
I
1
H
ss
§
o
»-3
w
o
en
w
Wjslew.Ui-r
Figure III-2
OTHER TIN PRODUCTION PROCESSES
-------
O
Ul
( MASH*
Direct Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
Indirect Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
Zero Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
w
W
O
O
H
G
W
O
w
Q
I
CO
w
o
1-3
H
H
H
Figure III-3
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE ««MAR¥-A!W SECONDARY TIN
SUBCATEGORY PLANTS
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
SECTION IV
SUBCATEGORIZATION
This section summarizes the factors considered during the
designation of the related subdivisions or building blocks
of the secondary tin subcategory. Following proposal, the Agency
decided to revise the name of this subcategory to Secondary Tin,
instead of Primary and Secondary Tin, to more accurately
reflect the nature of the raw materials used in this
subcategory. The same plants and operations that were included
in this Subcategory- at proposal are included for
promulgation.
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY TIN
SUBCATEGORY
The factors listed for general subcategorization were each
evaluated when considering subdivision of the secondary
tin subcategory. In the discussion that follows, the factors
will be described as they pertain to this particular subcategory.
The rationale for considering segmentation of the
secondary tin subcategory is based primarily on differences in
the production processes and raw materials used. Within this
subcategory, a number of different operations are performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require the establishment of separate effluent limitations.
While secondary tin is still considered a single
subcategory, a more thorough examination of the production
processes has illustrated the need for limitations and standards
based on a specific set of waste streams. Limitations will be
based on specific flow allowances for the following subdivisions:
(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.
These subdivisions follow directly from differences within the
five production processes which may be used in the
production of secondary tin: tin smelting, alkaline detinning,
electrowinning, precipitation and reduction.
The smelting of tin gives rise to the first subdivision. The
control of sulfur dioxide emissions from smelter flue gases is
accomplished through the use of a wet alkaline scrubbing system.
Slowdown of scrubbing solution comprises the wastewater stream
4055
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
associated with this subdivision.
Although alkaline detinning is a net consumer of water because of
evaporation losses, a number of wastewater streams may be
generated. When tin scrap containing aluminum is used, the scrap
is leached with a sodium hydroxide solution prior to entering the
detinning tanks. The aluminum dissolves in the caustic solution
and the scrap is then rinsed with water. The spent caustic
leaching solution and rinse water are discharged as a waste
stream.
Another wastewater stream associated with alkaline detinning is
tin mud acid neutralization filtrate. Tin mud may consist of
residues from the detinning tanks, precipitates formed when
sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide is added to the sodium
stannate solution to precipitate base metal impurities, or a
combination of the two. This "detinners mud" typically contains
from 3 to 5 percent tin by weight. The mud is rinsed with fresh
water to recover soluble tin compounds which are returned to the
detinning tanks. The rinsed mud is filtered and eventually sold
to smelters. One producer neutralizes this mud with sulfuric
acid prior to dewatering in a pressure filter. The filtrate
cannot be returned to the detinning tanks and is therefore
discharged as a waste stream. The mud has been upgraded to a
product that is approximately 10 percent tin.
Electrowinning is the principal means of recovering tin from the
sodium stannate solution which is generated in alkaline detinning
operations. One producer reported the use of tin hydroxide as an
additional raw material to the electrowinning solution. Prior to
being dissolved in the sodium stannate solution the tin hydroxide
is washed with water to 'remove impurities. The wash water is
then discharged as a wastewater stream. The most significant
wastewater stream associated with electrowinning is spent
electrowinning solution. The partially depleted sodium stannate
solution is recycled to the1 detinning tanks where additional tin
is taken into solution. A bleed stream is required, however, in
order to control the buildup of impurities, particularly aluminum
and carbonates, in the solution. This bleed stream comprises a
wastewater stream associated with the electrowinning operation.
When municipal solid waste is used as a raw material to alkaline
detinning operations, a much larger discharge of spent
electrowinning solution results. This larger blowdown stream is
necessitated by impurities which are introduced into the sodium
stannate solution by the raw material. Consequently, spent
electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste processing is
identified as a separate subdivision.
As an alternative to electrowinning, tin may be precipitated from
solution as tin hydroxide. The tin hydroxide sludge is dewatered
in a filter press, dried and sold or calcined to tin oxide in a
furnace, and reduced with carbon in a reduction furnace to
produce tin metal. The 'supernatant and filtrate streams
associated with tin hydroxide precipitation comprise wastewater
4056
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IV
streams associated with this operation.
The flow rates and characteristics of the tin hydroxide
supernatant stream vary significantly depending on the raw
materials used. Because of this, separate subdivisions have been
identified for tin hydroxide supernatant from each of two types
of raw -materials: tin plated steel scrap, and plating solutions
and sludges. Tin hydroxide filtrate from dewatering the
precipitated tin hydroxide is also designated as a separate
subdivision.
Following proposal, the Agency decided to combine tin hydroxide
supernatant from spent plating solutions and tin plating sludge
solids into one subdivision because there is only one plant
discharging these streams, as discussed in Section V.
OTHER FACTORS
The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown
to be inappropriate bases for subdivision. Air pollution
control methods, treatment costs, and total energy
requirements are functions of the selected subcategorization
factors—metal product, raw materials, and production
processes. Therefore, they are not independent factors
and do not affect the subcategorization which has been
developed. As discussed in Section IV of the General
Development Document, certain other factors, such as plant age,
plant size, and the number of employees, were also evaluated
and determined to be inappropriate for use as bases for
subdivision of nonferrous metals plants.
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS
As discussed previously, the effluent limitations and standards
developed in this document establish mass limitations on the
discharge of specific pollutant parameters. To allow these
regulations to be applied to plants with various production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit of production. This factor is known as the production
normalizing parameter (PNP).
In general, for each production process which has a wastewater
associated with it, the actual mass of tin product, intermediate
or raw material processed will be used as the PNP. Thus, the
PNPs for the nine subdivisions are as follows;
Building Block PNP
1. Tin smelter SO2 scrubber kkg of crude tapped tin
produced
2, Dealuminizing rinse kkg of dealuminized scrap
produced
4057
-------
SECONDMIY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IV
3. Tin mud acid neutralization
filtrate
4. Tin hydroxide wash
5. Spent electrowinning solution
from new scrap
6. Spent electrowinning
solution from municipal
solid waste
7. Tin hydroxide supernatant from
scrap
8. Tin hydroxide supernatant from
plating solutions and
sludges
9. Tin hydroxide filtrate
kkg of neutralized, dewatered
tin mud produced
kkg of tin hydroxide washed
kkg of cathode tin produced
kkg of MSW scrap
used as raw material
kkg of tin metal recovered
kkg of tin metal recovered
from plating solutions and
sludges
kkg of tin metal produced
The PNP for subdivision 1, tin smelter S02 scrubber, has
been changed following proposal to kkg of crude tapped tin
produced. This change was made based on information obtained
during a visit to a facility generating this wastewater stream.
Subdivision 8, tin hydroxide, supernatant from plating solutions
and sludges, is a new subdivision for promulgation, consisting of
the proposed subdivisions 8 and 9. As such, the PNP for
subdivision 8 is a combination of the proposed PNPs for
subdivisions 8 and 9? that is, kkg of tin metal recovered from
plating solutions and sludges.
4058
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
This section describes the characteristics of the wastewaters
associated with the secondary tin subcategory. Water use and
discharge rates are explained and then summarized in tables
at the end of this section. Data used to characterize the
wastewaters are presented. Finally, the specific source, water
use and discharge flows,, and wastewater characteristics for each
separate wastewater source are discussed. Data collection
portfolios (dcp) and field sampling results were used in the
development of effluent limitations and standards for this
subcategory. Data collection portfolios contain information
regarding wastewater flows and production levels.
In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from secondary
tin plants, a field sampling program was conducted. A complete
list of the pollutants considered and a summary of the
techniques used in sampling and laboratory analyses are included
in Section V of the General Development Document. Samples were
analyzed for 124 of the 126 priority pollutants and other
pollutants deemed appropriate. Because the analytical
standard for TCDD was judged to be too hazardous to be made
generally available, samples were never analyzed for this
pollutant. Samples were also not analyzed for asbestos. There
is no reason to expect that TCDD or asbestos would be
present in wastewater in the secondary tin subcategory. In
general, the samples were analyzed for cyanide and three
classes of pollutants: priority organic priority pollutants,
priority metal pollutants, and criteria pollutants (which
includes both conventional and nonconventional pollutants).
Following proposal, additional data were gathered concerning
flow, production, and wastewater characteristics at one of
the tin plants identified in this study. These data were
obtained during a field sampling episode, and are contained in
the administrative record supporting this rulemaking.
In addition, EPA collected more economic information on plants in
the secondary tin subcategory, which is contained in the
administrative record supporting this rulemaking. Revisions to
the economics analysis are discussed in a separate document.
Through the economic data gathering, EPA learned that one
secondary tin plant had changed discharge status following
proposal. Using an evaporation system, plant 1014 changed from
being an indirect discharger to a zero discharge facility. Due
to this process change, EPA decided to revise the subdivision
scheme for this subcategory, by combining 2 subdivisions into 1
subdivision, namely, combining tin hydroxide supernatant from
spent plating solutions and tin hydroxide supernatant from sludge
solids into tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and
4059
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
sludges. As discussed in Section IV, the PNP for this new
subdivision has also been appropriately revised. This revision
is being made for regulatory simplification reasons, and will not
affect the mass limitations with which any plant in this
subcategory must comply. This change is discussed in more detail
later in this section and als^o in section IX.
After proposal, EPA gathered additional wastewater sampling data
for two of the subdivisions in this subcategory, tin mud acid
neutralization filtrate and dealuminizing rinse. These data were
acquired through a self sampling program conducted at the
specific request of EPA. The data include analysis for the
priority metals antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper,
lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium and zinc. The data
also include analyses for cyanide and the nonconventional
pollutant tin. The data support the assumptions which EPA had
made at proposal concerning the presence and concentrations
of pollutants in these subdivisions where we did not have
analytical data for specific pollutants. For this reason,
the selection of pollutant parameters for limitation in this
subcategory (Section VI) has not been revised based on this new
data.
As described in Section IV of this supplement, the secondary
tin subcategory has been divided into 9 subdivisions or
wastewater sources, so that the promulgated regulation
contains mass discharge limitations and standards for 9
unit processes discharging process wastewater. Differences in
the wastewater characteristics associated with these
subdivisions are to be expected. For this reason, wastewater
streams corresponding to each subdivision are addressed
separately in the discussions that follow. These wastewater
sources are:
(a) Tin smelter SC>2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solytion from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
Data supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two
flow-to-production ratios, water use and wastewater discharge,
were calculated for each stream. The two ratios are
differentiated by the flow value used in the calculation. Water
use is defined as the volume of water or other fluid required for
a given process per mass of tin product and is therefore based on
the sum of recycle and make-;up flows to a given process to
further treatment, disposal, or discharge per mass of tin
4060
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
produced. Differences between the water use and wastewater flows
associated with a given stream result from recycle, evaporation,
and carry-over on the product. The production values used
in calculation correspond to the production normalizing
parameter, PNP, assigned to each stream, as outlined in Section
IV. As an example, tin smelter S02 scrubber water flow is
related to the production of crude tapped tin. As such,
the discharge rate is expressed in liters of scrubber water per
metric ton of crude tapped tin (gallons of scrubber
water per ton of crude tapped tin)."
The production normalized discharge flows were compiled and
statistically analyzed by stream type. These production
normalized water use and discharge flows are presented by
subdivision in Tables V-l through V-9 (pages 4068 - 4070).
Where appropriate, an attempt was made to identify factors
that could account for variations in water use and
discharge rates. These variations are discussed later in this
section by subdivision. A similar analysis of factors affecting
the wastewater flows is presented in Sections X, XI, and XII
where representative BAT; NSPS, and pretreatment flows are
selected for use in calculating the effluent limitations.
The water use and discharge rates shown do not include nonprocess
wastewater, such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water.
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS DATA
Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
secondary tin production come from two sources —- data collection
portfolios and analytical data from field sampling trips.
DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS
In the data collection portfolios, the tin plants that discharge
wastewater were asked to specify the presence or absence of
priority pollutants in their wastewater. Three of the five
discharging plants responded. The responses are summarized
below:
Pollutant Known Present Believed Present
antimony 1 2
arsenic 1 0
cadmium 1 0
chromium 1 0
copper 1 1
cyanide 1 0
lead 1 1
mercury 0 1
nickel 2 0
selenium 0 1
silver 1 0
zinc 1 1
4061
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from secondary tin plants, wastewater samples were
collected at five plants, which represent more than one-third
of the secondary tin plants in the United States. Diagrams
indicating the sampling sites and contributing production
processes are shown in Figures V-l through V-5 (pages 4210
4214).
Raw wastewater data are summarized in Tables V-10 through V-15
(pages 4071 - 4140). Data from samples of treated and partially
treated wastewater streams are presented in Tables V-16
through V-22 (pages 4151 - 4205). The stream numbers listed
in the tables correspond to those given in the individual plant
sampling site diagrams, Figures V-l through V-5. Where no
data are listed for a specific day of sampling, the wastewater
samples for the stream were not collected.
Several points regarding these tables should be noted. The data
tables include some samples measured at concentrations considered
not quantifiable. The base-neutral extractable, acid
extractable, and volatile prganics generally are considered not
quantifiable at concentrations equal to or less than 0.010 mg/1.
Below this concentration, organic analytical results are not
quantitatively accurate; however, the analyses are useful to
indicate the presence of a particular pollutant. The pesticide
fraction is considered not quantifiable at concentrations equal
to or less than 0.005 mg/1.
The detection limits shown on the data tables for priority metals
and conventional and nonconventional pollutants are not the same
in all cases as the published detection limits for these
pollutants by the same analytical methods. The detection limits
used were reported with the analytical data and hence are the
appropriate limits to apply to the data. Detection limit
variation can occur as a result of a number of laboratory-
specific, equipment-specific, and daily operator-specific
factors. These factors can include day-to-day differences in
machine calibration, variation in stock solutions, and variation
in operators.
The statistical analysis of data includes some samples
measured at concentrations considered not quantifiable. For data
considered as detected but below quantifiable concentrations, a
value of zero is used for averaging. Priority
organic, nonconventional, and conventional pollutant data
reported with a "less . than" sign are considered as
detected, but not further quantifiable. A value of zero is also
used for averaging. If one of these pollutants is
reported as not detected, it is assigned a value of zero in
calculating the average. Finally, priority metal values
reported as less than a certain value were considered as below
quantification, and consequently were assigned a value of
4062
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
zero in the calculation of the average.
Finally, appropriate source water concentrations are presented
with the summaries of the sampling data. The method by which
each sample was collected is indicated by number, as follows:
1 one-time grab
2 manual composite during intermittent process operation
3 8-hour manual composite
4 8-hour automatic composite
5 24-hour manual composite
6 24-hour automatic composite
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION
Since secondary tin production involves 9 principal sources of
wastewater and each has potentially different
characteristics and flows, the wastewater characteristics and
discharge rates corresponding to each subdivision will be
described separately. A brief description of why the associated
production processes generate a wastewater and explanations for
variations of water use within each subdivision will also be
discussed.
TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER
There is one facility which produces tin metal through the
smelting of tin concentrates and residues. This facility
reported the use of a 'wet scrubbing system to control
SO2s emissions in the smelter flue gas. The scrubber
uses a recirculating alkaline solution. A portion of the
solution must be discharged in order to maintain effective
SO2 removal. The water use and wastewater discharge rates for
this stream are shown in liters per metric ton of crude
tapped tin in Table V-l (page 4049).
Following proposal, the one facility reporting this waste stream
was visited and the scrubber blowdown was sampled. It was
determined that this scrubber currently operates at greater than
90 percent recycle. The blowdown is directly discharged
following equalization, chemical precipitation and sedimentation.
Analytical data for this stream are presented in Table V-10
(page 4071). These data show treatable concentrations of
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, selenium, zinc,
tin, and suspended solids.
DEALUMINIZING RINSE
Aluminum present in tin plated steel scrap may be removed by
leaching in a sodium hydroxide solution prior to alkaline
detinning. The aluminum dissolves in the caustic solution and
the scrap is then rinsed and charged to the alkaline detinning
tanks. One plant reported this practice. A portion of their raw
material is tin plated steel scrap separated from municipal solid
waste. The spent caustic leaching solution and rinse water are
4063
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
discharged as a waste stream. The one facility reporting this
waste stream is a direct discharger. The dealuminizing waste
stream is treated with sodium sulfide to precipitate metals,
chlorinated to destroy cyanide, and neutralized with sulfuric
acid. Solids are removed from the neutralized stream in a
sedimentation pond prior to discharge. The water use and
discharge rates are presented in Table V-2 (page 4068) in liters
per metric ton of dealuminized scrap produced.
There was no analytical data for this stream available before
proposal and it was expected to be similar to the spent
electrowinning solution with a very alkaline pH and treatable
levels of cyanide and certain toxic metals including arsenic,
lead, nickel and selenium. Data supplied to the Agency after
proposal corroborates the assumption that a treatable level of
cyanide is present.
TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE
One facility reported neutralization of tin mud with sulfuric
acid prior to dewatering in a filter press. The neutralized,
dewatered mud is sold as a by-product. The filtrate from the
dewatering step is discharged as a wastewater stream. Water use
and discharge rates are presented in Table V-3 (page 4068)
in liters per metric ton of neutralized, dewatered tin mud
produced.
Analytical data for this wastewater stream were collected
after proposal through a self sampling program at the specific
request of EPA. These data are presented in Table V-23 (page
4209) and show that this stream contains treatable
concentrations of cyanide and zinc.
TIN HYDROXIDE WASH
One facility reported the use of tin hydroxide, Sn(OH)4, as
a raw material in their electrolytic tin production process. The
tin hydroxide is washed with water to remove
impurities, dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution and mixed
with the tin solution from the alkaline detinning operation
prior to entering the electrowinning cell. The tin
hydroxide wash water is discharged as a waste stream. The
one facility reporting this stream achieves zero discharge
through the use of an evaporation pond. The water use and
discharge rates are shown in liters per metric ton of tin
hydroxide washed in Table V-4 (page 4069).
There are no analytical data available for this stream. It is
expected to have an alkaline pH and a treatable level of total
suspended solids. Also, Some priority metals may be present if
they are present in the tin hydroxide.
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP
Electrowinning is the principal method for recovering tin from
4064
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
the alkaline detinning solution. After the tin has been plated
onto the cathode and the solution has been depleted, the solution
is either recycled to the detinning tank or discarded depending
on the amount and type of impurities present. Of the 10 plants
which practice alkaline detinning, eight recover tin from
solution via electrowinning. Of these eight facilities, six
achieve zero discharge through various combinations of recycle,
evaporation, contractor disposal and sales. Of the two remaining
plants one is a direct discharger; and the other is an indirect
discharger. Water use and discharge rates are presented in Table
V-5 (page 4069) in liters per metric ton of cathode tin produced.
Table V-ll (page 4082) summarizes the raw wastewater sampling
data for the priority and selected conventional and
nonconventional pollutants. It can be seen that there are
treatable concentrations of several priority metals present
including antimony, arsenic, lead, nickel, selenium, thallium
and zinc. Also, treatable concentrations of cyanide are present.
This wastewater stream has a very alkaline pH (approximately 12)
and high concentrations of total suspended solids.
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
When tin plated steel scrap which was recovered from municipal
solid waste (MSW) is Used as a raw material for alkaline
detinning and electrowinning, a significantly larger discharge of
spent electrowinning solution is necessary because of additional
impurities introduced into the solution. There is currently one
facility using MSW as a source of raw material. The water use
and discharge rates for this stream are shown in Table V-6
(page 4069) in liters per metric ton of MSW scrap used as raw
material. This flow rate is estimated using a procedure
described in Section IX of this document.
The facility reporting this extra discharge of spent
electrowinning solution is a direct discharger after treatment
consisting of chlorination, acid neutralization and
sedimentation. The characteristics of this wastewater are
assumed to be similar to the characteristics of spent
electrowinning solution as discussed previously.
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP
Tin may be recovered from solution by precipitation as tin
hydroxide, Sn(OH)4. Tin is present in solution as sodium
stannate, Na2SnO3. Tin hydroxide will precipitate when the pH is
lowered to 7.0 with sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate is added
to pH 7.8. The characteristics and production normalized flow
rates of the resultant supernatant stream are dependent upon the
raw material used. The three possible raw materials are tin
plated steel scrap, spent plating solutions, and plating sludge
solids.
The water use and wastewater discharge rates for tin hydroxide
supernatant from scrap are shown in Table V-7 (page 4070) in
4065
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
liters per metric ton of tin metal recovered from scrap. The
one facility reporting this stream is a direct discharger after
treatment by sedimentation. Table V-12 (page 4102) summarizes
the raw wastewater sampling data for the priority and selected
conventional and nonconventional pollutants. It can be seen that
treatable levels of priority metals are present, particularly
antimony at 4.4 mg/1. This'waste stream has a pH of 8.3 and
treatable levels of oil and grease and total suspended solids
(TSS).
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES
Two plants reported the use of spent tin plating solutions as raw
material. One facility recovers tin as tin hydroxide from both
spent plating solutions and plating sludge solids. This facility
dissolves tin from the sludge1solids into the plating solution by
adding additional water, while heating and lancing with air. Tin
hydroxide is then precipitated from the resultant solution. The
second facility uses only ,spent plating solutions. Following
proposal, the Agency learned that the second facility
revised their process for recovering tin from solution.
Instead of precipitating tin hydroxide using ammonia, and
discharging the liquids, the solution is completely evaporated in
an oven to produce a tin hydrate product. No process water is
discharged from this operation.
The Agency revised this subdivision for promulgation by combining
tin hydroxide supernatant from spent plating solutions with tin
hydroxide supernatant from tin plating sludge solids to form a
new subdivision, namely tin hydroxide supernatant from plating
solutions and sludges. The water use and discharge rates for
this subdivision are presented in Table V-8 (page 4070). This
revision was made to simplify the regulation, and will not
change the mass limitations with which any plant must comply.
Sampling data for tin hydroxide supernatant from tin plating
solutions and sludges is presented in Table V-13 (page 4113).
The samples were collected at the facility which uses both
spent plating solutions and tin sludge solids as raw materials
to tin hydroxide precipitation operations. It can be seen
that treatable concentrations of priority metals are
present, particularly antimony which was detected at a
maximum concentration of 3.1 mg/1. Cyanide is also
present with a maximum observed concentration of 16 mg/1.
Very high concentrations of fluoride are present in this
wastewater with concentrations from 12,000 to 15,000 mg/1.
This fluoride originates from tin fluoroborate and
fluoroboric acid which are used in the tin plating baths.
This wastewater has a nearly-neutral pH and treatable
concentrations of suspended solids.
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
When tin hydroxide slurry is separated from the supernatant
stream, it may be further dewatered in a filter press prior to
4066
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
drying. The resultant filtrate is discharged as a wastewater
stream. Water use and discharge rates are presented in Table
V-10 (page 4071) in liters per metric ton of tin metal produced.
The one facility reporting this stream is a direct discharger
after treatment by sedimentation. Table V-14 (page 4129)
summarizes the sampling data for this waste stream. Treatable
concentrations of cyanide and priority metals are present
including antimony at 2.4 mg/1. Treatable concentrations of
fluoride and TSS are also present.
4067
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - ¥
TABLE V-l
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER
(1/kkg of crude tapped tin produced)
Plant Code
1118
Percent
Recycle
>90
Production
Normalized
Water Use
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
9198
TABLE ¥-2
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
DEALU^INIZING RINSE
(1/kkg of dealurainized scrap produced)
Plant Code
1046
Percent
Recycle
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
35
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
35
TABLE ¥-3
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE
(1/kkg of neutralized, dewatered tin mud produced)
Plant Code
1046
Percent
Recycle
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
5047
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
5047
4068
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Plant Code
1049
TABLE V-4
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
TIN HYDROXIDE WASH
(1/kkg of tin hydroxide washed)
Percent
Recycle
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
11953
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
11953
TABLE V-5
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP
(1/kkg of cathode tin produced)
Plant Code
1047
1049
1048
1054
1046
1056
1057
1144
Percent
Recycle
0
0
NR
0
0
0
0
NR
Production
Normalized
Water Use
NR
24069
NR
; 16609
15145
12489
10498
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
NR
24069
21982
16609
15145
12489
10498
NR
TABLE V-6
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
(1/kkg of MSW scrap used as a raw material)
Percent
Plant Code Recycle
1047
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
119
Production
Normali zed
Discharge.Rate
119
4069
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
TABLE V-7
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP
(1/kkg of tin metal recovered from scrap)
Plant Code
1036
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use
55640
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
55640
TABLE V-8
WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM. PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES
(1/kkg of tin metal recovered from plating solutions and sludges)
Plant Code
1036
Percent
Recycle
0
Production
Normalized
Water Use
115000
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
115000
TABLE V-9
WATER USE,AND DISCHARGE RATES
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
(1/kkg of tin metal produced)
Plant Code
1118
Percent
Recycle
>90
Production
Normalized
Water Use
NR
Production
Normalized
Discharge Rate
9198
4070
-------
Table V-10
SCRUBBER BLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample
Concentrations (mg/1)
Toxic
1.
5.
8.
9.
12.
18.
20.
21.
22.
24.
Pollutant
Pollutants
acenaphthene
benzidine
1 , 2,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
hexachlo roe thane
bts(2-ehloroethyl) ether
2-chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
p-chloro-m-cresol
2-ehlorophenol
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 S
o
§
O
s
K
HI
H
25
CO
c
w
o
!-3
W
Q
0
%
OT
O
^
i
"^
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
25.
26.
o 27.
tu
28.
31.
34.
35.
36.
37.
39.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
1 , 2-dichlorobenzene
1 , 3-d ichlorobenzene
1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
3,3' -dichlorobenzidine
2 , 4 -d ichloropheno 1
2,4-dimethylphenol
2, 4-d in itro toluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine
fluoranthene
Stream
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (rag/1) &
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 "
o
1
1
i-i
H
53
w
C
ta
o
s
M
Q
O
K
W
M
O
I
<
-------
O
us
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Toxic
40.
41.
42.
43.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
bis(2-ehloroisopropyl) ether
bis ( 2-chloroethoxy) methane
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
isophorone
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
-ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
o
55
O
H
25
to
• - ' ' 'G
ttJ
a
1-3
M
Q
0
K
V)
w
Q
1
<
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
57.
58.
o 59.
-4
id
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
2-nitrophenol
4 -nitro phenol
2,4-dinitrophenol
4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodimethylaraine
N-nitrosodiphenylaraine
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
pentaehlorophenol
phenol
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 "
O
§
1
i-a
H
W
. a
w
o
U3
i
Q
O
»
tn
M
Q
1
<
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
66.
67.
*».
3 68.
Cn
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
•J
74.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-oetyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzo ( a) anthracene
benzo(a)pyrene
benzo(b)fluoranthene
Stream
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 n
P
O
50
K
3
25
to
G
co
o
HI
M
3
to
M
Q
1-3
i
<
-------
Table V-1Q (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>.
O
CTS
Toxic
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
benzo ( k) fluoran thane
chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene (a)
benzo (ghi) per ylene
fluorene
phenanthrene (a)
dibenzo(a ,h) anthracene
indeno (1 ,2,3-c,d)pyrene
Stream
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
2!
O
1
1-3
H
X
W
C
w
o
H!
C5
O
K
n
t-3
i
<
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
84.
114.
g 115.
-4
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
pyrene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
Stream
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.0013
" 0.007
<0.010
<0.030
<0.030
<0.030
<0.01
0.054
0.0149
Day 1
ND
ND
0.047
3.20
4.50
<0.010
<0.010
0.30
0.30
0.10
0.084
0.35
0.37
<0.01
<0.01
3.00
3.70
0.0129
0.005
Day 2
0.078
4.50
<0.010
0.30
0.12
0.28
<0.01
3.70
0.013
Day 3
0.048
2,10
<0.010
0.30
0.99
0.60
<0.01
2.80
0.0094
OT
O
a
1
K
HI
I—I
55
W
W
O
s
w
o
K
m
o
>3
i
<
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet
Source Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
124.
125.
it*
5 126.
00
127.
128.
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
895
895
895
895
895
6
6
6
6
6
0.052 <0.
0.
<0.001 0.
0.
0.0014 0.
0.
<0.001 0.
0.
0.030 0.
2.
25
15
33
44
0045
0133
0026
0037
14
30
0.18
0.55
0.0042
0.0031
2.20
!
0.16
0.40
0.0059
0.0030
2.10
Nonconventional Pollutants
Acidity
Alkalinity
Aluminum
895
895
895
6
6
6
10 60
180
160 <1
65
2.80 5.
6.
50
00
50
99
7.80
61
80
7.50
OT
' W
O
1
1
h3
H
53
W
§
O
g
w
o
o
£2
w
W
o
1
<
-------
*».
o
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
Ammonia Nitrogen
Barium
Boron
Calcium
Chloride
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Source
0.04
0.12
0.17
0.067
2
155 >19
^19
<0.030
0.40
2.80
0.018
0.11
Day 1
2.2
2.4
0.18
0;43
26.00
40.00
3.40
,700
,000
,000
0.081
0.11
9.3
7.5
140
190
0.069
58
0.45
0.25
Day 2
1.9
0.21
36.00
4.20
780
0.13
7.4
250
0.078
0.47
Day 3
1.8
0.27
5.90
3.00
380
0.60
7.0
250
0.070
0.49
w
o
o
65
O
1
H
Ol
G
W
O
tt
Q
O
3
OT
ft
O
I
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
Molybdenum
Germanium
Indium
Sodium
Sulfate
Tin
Titanium
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOG)
btream
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
895
bample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Con
Source
<0.030
<0.50
<0.50
0.12
46 1,
1,
<0.25
<0.25
510 4,
3,
13
;cen
-------
Table V-10 (Continued)
SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Total Solids (TS)
Vanadium
Yttrium
*>.
o
2 Conventional Pollutants
Oil and Grease
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
895
895
895
895
895
895
Sample Concentrations ^ing/1)
Typet Source Day 1
6 650
6 <0.030
6 <0.25
1 <1
6 5
7.20
6,400 35,
9,300
0.048
<0.030
<0.25
<0.25
<1
5,400 26,
9,900
6.25
6.25
in
Day 2 Day 3 w
000
0.
<0.
1
000
6.
1,800
067 0.070
25 <0.25
4
10,000
20 6.60
O
|
1-3
H
as
w
G
a
if
w
Q
O
to
W
o
I
J
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
6 - 24-hour automatic composite
-------
Table V-11
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
o
00
Toxic Pollutants
1, acenaphthene
2. acroletn
3. acrylonitrile
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
w
I
KJ
1-1
H
•25
M
a
td
o
s
g
o
4. benzene
5. benzldine
455
843
856
455
843
856
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.051
0.047
0.003
ND
ND
ND
M
O
i
<
6. carbon tetrachlortde
455
843
856
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7, chlorobenzene
455
843
856
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
o
00
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
8, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. acenaphthene
10. acrolein
11, acrylonitrile
12. benzene
13. 1,1-diehloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.066
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
en
w
Day 3 8
""'"••'«'••••••« ' in -J- y**t
O
Kj
H
25
CO
§
o
w
Q
§
(<
w
w
o
1-3
I
<;
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
00
tfc.
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. ehloroethane
17. bis(chlororaethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-triehlorophenol
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 £
55
O
.B
K
H
25
W
§
O
t-i
w
Q
O
K
W
W
O
Hi
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
oo
Ul
Pollutant
Toxic P o11utant s (Continued)
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-diehlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.038
ND
0.037
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
. -ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
•ND
ND-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
K
H
as
w
•s
n
-H
M
Q
O
KJ
Cfl
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINN ING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
01
Pollutant
Tox1c Po1lutant s (Continued)
29. 1,I-dichloroethylene
30. 1 ,2-trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,3-dichloropropene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.009
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
i
o
H
S
W
C
w
o
w
Q
O
w
w
n
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT KLh'CTKOWINNINU SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
03
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. 1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39, fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41 . 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
.1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
UJ
w
Day 3 g
i
K
1-3
H
25
W
cj
W
O
1
Q
O
K;
w
M
O
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy)raethane
44. methylene chloride
o
03
03
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47. bromoforra (tribromomethane)
48. diehlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.019
ND
0.021
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
0.031
ND
0.025
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
O
X
(-3
H
as
w
s
o
1
Q
8
KJ
M
O
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
HAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*».
o
00
VD
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
50. dichlorodifluoromethane
51. chlorodibromomethane
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
Q
•z
u
§
K
M
Cfl
§
O
f-3
M
Q
O
Kj
W
M
O
>"3
I
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
it*.
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-eresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.060
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
S3
O
I
H
- as
w
§
a
1
o
s
w
M
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROW1NNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATEK SAMPLING DATA
o
vo
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) &
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.006
0.054
0.004
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
0.017
0.130
0.020
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 n
Q
1
NJ
1-3
H
a;
en
s
o
i-3
M
Q
O
S
w
t*3
o
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
.fa.
o
(O
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthene
76. ehrysene
77. acenaphthylene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cone
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
entrations (ing/l)
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
w
Day 3 »
o
1
H3
H
25
W
O
§
w
8
3
w
td
o
i
.
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
k0
UJ
Pollutant
Toxjic Po 1 lutants (Continued)
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.063
WJ
W
Day 3 §
1
H
53
W
Q
td
0
KX
Kj
W
w
o
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTRONINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic P o 1 1 u t an t s (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86
89
90
91
toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
aldrin
dieldrin
chlordane
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations ^rag/l) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.001
0.093
0.005
ND
ND
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
0.399
0.018
0.017
0.005
ND
ND
0.009
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
o
55
O
g
K;
H
a
CO
i
Q
B
M
O
O
«!
w
M
H3
I
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
O
\O
in
Pollutant
Toxi c PoIlutant s (Continued)
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-DDD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. endrin
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 O
§
O
3
K
Hi
3
C/l
a
td
n
•if*
m
n
§
K
w
a
(-3
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT KLECTROWINN1NG SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
a\
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
99. endrin aldehyde
100. heptachlor
101. heptachlor epoxide
102. alpha-BHC
103. beta-BHC
104. garama-BHC
105. delta-BHC
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
I
H
55
m
S
o
M
Ci
O
Hj
W
(1
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWIMNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
VD
Pollutant
ToxicPollutants (Continued)
1D6. PCB-1242 (b)
107. PGB-1254 (b)
1U8. PCB-1221 (b)
109. PCB-1232 (c)
11U. PCB-1248 (c)
111.. PCB-1260 (c)
112. PCB-1016 (c)
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
S56
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) %*
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
•N;D
Day 2 Day 3 Q
J. J. Q
as
&
S*
H
as
01
w
o
i-a
M
Q
o
Kj
w
w
o
1-3
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTKOWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
vo
00
Pollutant:
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
113. toxaphene
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
120. copper
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
.856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) £3
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.008
0.007
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.020
<0.001
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.008
0.14
0.016
Day 1
ND
ND
HD
5.0
0.9
0.41
2.0
1.9
6.6
0.08
0.005
0.20
0.42
0.34
0.29
0.94
0.30
0.56
0.50
0.30
0.41
Day 2 Day 3 o
i
o
£
K
H
a
w
cj
W
D
1-3
W
8
O
50
K
W
w
a
^3
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*>.
o
VD
VO
Pollutant
Tox1c Po1lutants (Continued)
121. cyanide (total)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.002
ND
0.004
0.019
0.001
0.011
<0.002
<0.002
0.007
<0.001
0.001
0.003
0.033
3.1
<0.005
<0.001
0.02
<0.001
0.14
<0.001
0.005
Day 1 Day 2
3.6
ND
2.4
2.6
1.0
9.0
<0.002
<0.002
0.026
2.5
4.1
3.7
0.040
32
<0.005
0.40
0.35
0.30
3.1
2.0
2.0
M
Day 3 o
1 Q
ss
o
B
K
H
55
Cfl
c
CO
o
•>
j-3
w
»
K
W
O
&
1
<
-------
Table V-11 (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride
magnesium
phenollcs
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
455
843
856
455
455
455
455
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.08
0.06
0.24
60
1.90
1.5
0.3
11
4.0
1.2
5.5
0.011
0.002
0.001
Day 1 Day 2
29
1.1
0.24
220,000
13,000
20
92
<0.1
3,600
0.5
0.04
1.4
0.006
0.11
w
Day 3 g
o
1
H
2
Cfl
§
o
M
o
w
M
a
H
i
<
-------
Table V-1T (Continued)
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
tin
Conventional Pollutants
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
1.6
0.28
1.7
1
19
9
6.2
6.5
7
Day 1 Day 2
760
2,600
8,800
23,000
50,000
5,100
13.3
12.5
w
Day 3 "
o
55
g
|
hi
M
55
cn
§
n
>
M
Q
O
K-
w
w
n
tSaraple Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-12
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
O
NJ
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1. acenaphthene
2. acroletn
3. acrylonitrile
4, benzene
5. benzidine
6, carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1 ,2,4-trlchlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1 ,2-dichloroethane
11. 1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1»1-dlchloroethane
14. 1 ,1,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
O
jjj
H3
H
V>
W
§
O
1
Q
O
a
?
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. ehloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-eresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-diehlorobenzene
27. 1,4-diehlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) rn
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
'ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 W
___*___ ' O
O
S3
a
I
A3
K;
H
•25
to
' ' a
w
ci
w
8
Kj
W
w
0
1
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) w
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 "
g
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) O
(g
29. 1 ,1-dichloroethylene 395 1 <0.01 <0.01 *
n
30' 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene 395 1 ND ND 5
w
31, 2,4-dichlorophenol 395 1 ND ND |
O
32. 1,2-dichloropropane 395 1 ND ND g
w
33. 1,3-dichloropropene 395 1 ND ND O
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol 395 1 ND ND
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 395 1 ND ND w
w
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 395 1 ND ND n
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine 395 1 ND <0.01 <
38. ethylbenzene 395 1 ND 0.011
39. fluoranthene 395 1 ND ND
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 395 1 ND ND
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 395 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 395 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) jjg
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day' 1 Day 2 Day 3 o
__ _^_- g
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) g
ia
43. bls(2-choroethoxy)methane 395 1 ND ND **
1-3
44. methylene chloride 395 1 <0.01 <0.01 3
w
45. methyl chloride (chloronethane) 395 1 ND ND g
*» ...... ^
h-» >"
o 46. methyl bromide (bromomethane) 395 1 ND ND hi
en M
o
47. bromoform (tribromomethane) 395 1 ND ND O
K
48. dtchlorobromoraethane 395 1 ND ND
49. trichlorofluoromethane 395 1 ND ND en
M
O
50. dichlorodifluoromethane 395 1 ND ND ^
i
51. chlorodibromoroethane 395 1 ND ND <
52. hexachlorobutadiene 395 1 ND ND
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 395 1 ND ND
54. isophorone 395 1 ND ND
55. naphthalene 395 1 ND ND
56. nitrobenzene 395 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Cpncenfcrations (ing/1) w
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 ^
o
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) §
>
57. 2-nitrophenol 395 1 ND 0.031 %
t-3
58. 4-nitrophenol 395 1 <0.01 0.026 g
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol 395 1 ND 0.086 d
g 60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 395 1 ND ND g
ON W
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine 395 1 ND ND o
»
K
62, N-nitrosodiphenylamine 395 1 ND ND
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine 395 1 ND ND w
W
64. pentachlorophenol 395 1 ND <0.01 S
65. phenol 395 1 ND ND <
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 395 1 <0.01 <0.01
67. butyl benzyl phthalate 395 1 ND ND
68. di-n-butyl phthalate 395 1 ND ND
69. di-n-octyl phthalate 395 1 ND ND
70. diethyl phthalate 395 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
rfc.
"
O
-J
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81 . phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
S cream
Code
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample Concentrations (tng/1) M
Typet Source
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND .
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 §
25
O
K
H
m
G
W
0
1-3
a
a
o
K
en
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
^ .....
H
g 8B. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-UUE
94. 4,4'-ODD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. heptachlor
Stream
Code
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
• Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
<0.01
0.036
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
w
M
Day 3 o
i Q
1
K
H
55
w
g
o
1-3
M
Q
O
W
M
Q
i-3
i
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic
99.
100.
101 .
it»
o 102.
VO
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111 .
112.
Pollutants
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamma- BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCb-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 n
§
1
H
as
w
g
o
B
w
Q
O
K
01
M
O
H3
1
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
M 117.
o
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
s liver
thallium
Stream
Code
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.006
<0.001
<0.0005
<0.001
0.032
0.031
0.040
0.12
<0.0002
<0.025
<0.008
0.001
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2
ND
4.4
0.135
0.001
0.140
0.068
0.11
0.48
0.30
<0.0002
0.540
<0.008
0.065
0.590
M
frl
Day 3 n
o
H
as
G
a
o
Q
o
^
w
M
Q
HI
I
<
-------
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>.
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconvent ional Pollutants
alkalinity
ammonia nitrogen
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride
magnesium
phenolics
sulfate
tin
total dissolved solids (TDS)
Conventional Pollutants
Stream
Code
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source
1 0.05
1 77
1 2
1 17
1 <1
1 0.94
1 7.2
1 0.026
1 29
1 <0.025
1 160
Day 1 Day 2
0.210
2,200
1 .1
0.16
170
320
0.80
0.002
2,000
5.8
13,000
in
M
Day 3 Q
o
2!
a
K-
H
55
to
O
1-3
td
O
O
JO
cn
M
o
1-3
i
<
oil and grease
395
<1
87
-------
to
Table V-12 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) w
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 o
Conventional Pollutants (Continued)
total suspended solids (TSS) 395 1 9 25 ^
t-i
pH (standard units) 395 1 7.3 8.3 8
w
G
W
O
>
w
O
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
M
n
«
i
<
-------
Table V-13
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1. acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
4, benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
-ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
to
W
Day 3 §
a
K
M
55
in
a
ea
o
H3
w
Q
O
S
K
tn
M
O
H3
i
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
10. 1,2-dtchloroethane
11. 1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
12, hexachloroethane
13. 1 ,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. 1 ,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND •
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 o
O
o
1
*q
H
DJ
g
o
s
M
Q
O
s
U
w
o
1-3
1
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
19, 2-ehloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1 ,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
' 1
Concentrations (ny»/l)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
c/i
W
Day 3 8
g
^
M
25
W
a
w
1-3
KJ
D
O
!*)
*<
w
O
H
1
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*>.
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
29. 1,1-diehloroethylene
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dlehlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,3-diehloropropene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code Typet Source
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
W
w
Day 2 Day 3 fi
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
*
H
W
w
O
«
O
O
Kj
w
w
O
1-1
1
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazlne
38. ethylbenzene
t u||
M 39. fluoranthene
^4
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane
44. methylene chloride
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromoraethane)
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.724
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND .
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
W
Day 3 g
O
so
K
H
S5
TO
C
to
o
l-i
ftf
Q
O
K
OT
M
n
i
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATKR SAMPLING DATA
CO
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane
50. dichlorodifluoromethane
51. chlorodibroraomethane
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54, isophorone
55. naphthalene
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
Day 1
ND
NO'
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (PROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Po11u t a n t s (Continued)
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylatnine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
<0.01
' ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant:
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
H
o 67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
71 . dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
<0.01
<0.01
0.268
<0.01
0.025
0.012
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
0.011
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CO
w
Day 3 8
• 55
d
50
H
a
Cfl
c
w
o
l-i
w
Q
O
K
W
O
I
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77, acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
tn
Day 3 O
O
JO
H
w
•s
o
w
Q
O
K
to
W
o
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
UJ
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-ODD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. endrin
99. endrin aldehyde
100. heptachlor
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
in
fr-H
Day 3 8
o
as
o
K
f-3
H-f
ss
M
• • G
03
O
H
W
O
O
s
01
w
n
1-3
i
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
tsj
is.
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
101. heptachlor epoxide
102. alpha-BHC
103. beta-BHC
104. gamma-BHC
105. delta-BHC
106. PCB-1242 (b)
107. PCB-1254 (b)
108. PCB-1221 (b)
109. PCB-1232 (c)
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
(/)
uay j n
o
55
o
3
H
23
W
§
O
§
w
o
o
*!
w
w
o
1
<
-------
•t*
"H
K)
Ul
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING' SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
TOKJC Pollutants (Continued)
110. PCB-1248 (c)
111. PCB-1260 (c)
112. PCB-1016 (c)
113. toxaphene
114. antimony
115. arsenic
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium (total)
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample Concentrations (rag/1)
Typet Source
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
- 1 . . ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 0.006
1 0.006
1 <0.001
1 <0.001
1 <0.0005
1 <0.0005
1 <0.001
1 <0.001
1 0.032
1 0.032
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.40
0.75
0.12
0.13
<0.0005
0.02
0.03
0.10
0.020
0.031
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.1
2.2
0.34
0.30
0.001
<0.0005
0.08
0.08
0.032
0.028
w
m
Day 3 g
K
(-3
H
W
a
• •• eo
o
HI
M
Q
O
K
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
K)
O\
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
120. copper
121. cyanide (total)
122. lead
123. mercury
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.031
0.031
0.040
0.040
0.12
0.12
<0.0002
<0.0002
<0.025
<0.025
<0.008
<0-008
0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.05
0.05
Day 1
0.05
0.13
2.2
3.6
0.075
0.03
<0.0002
<0.0002
0.16 .
0.41
0.05
0.03
<0.0005
<0.0005
<0.001
0.33
0.06
0.16
Day 2
0.12
0.16
0.49
16.0
0.075
0.13
<0.0002
<0.0002
0.35
0.45
<0.008
0.62
0.001
0.001
<0.001
0.28
0.14
0.59
w
Pay 3 |
a
1
H
M
s
ri
:ATEGORY
w
M
n
i
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
NonconventlonalPollutants
alkalinity
ammonia nitrogen
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride
magnesium
phenolics
sulfate
tin
Strean.
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
77
77
2
2
17
17
<1
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
total dissolved solids (TDS)
Conventional Pollutants
J^ oil and grease
to
00
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
160
160
<^1
<1
9
9
7.3
7.3
Day 1
26,000
46,000
2.9
1.3
26
61
7.6
7.8
Day 2
37,000
38,000
51
17
50
35
7.8
8.2
M
W
Day 3 8
o
§
t-3
H
C/l
c
w
n
1-3
M
o
o
s
Kj
(n
m
a
\
<
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-14
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
1.
2.
3.
.t»
1 ;
» 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Pollutant
Pollutants
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonitrile
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2-dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
hexachloroe thane
1 , 1 -dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 H
|
g
1-3
fi!
W
O
M
O
w
w
o
i
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£».
M
OJ
O
Pollutant
Toxic Pollytants (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetraehloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-ehloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23, chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25, 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) g
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
i- O
o
g
K
H
•z,
01
CJ
DO
O
HI
w
o
o
K
OT
W
O
H
I
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 g
as
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) ^
SO
29. 1 ,1-dichloroethylene 398 1 <0.01 ND K
H
30. 1 ,2-trans-dichloroethylene 398 1 ND ND *
w
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol 398 1 ND ND §
...... o
32. 1,2-dichloropropane 398 1 ND ND §
Q
33. 1,3-dlehloropropene 398 1 ND ND g
KJ
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol 398 1 ND ND
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 398 1 ND ND g
n
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 398 1 ND ND ^
i
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine 398 1 ND ND <
38. ethylbenzene 398 1 ND ND
39. fluoranthene 398 1 ND ND
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 398 1 ND ND
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 398 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 398 1 ND ND
-------
*>.
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane
44. methylene chloride
45. methyl chloride (ehloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (broraomethane)
47. broraoforra (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane
50. dichlorodifluoromethane
51. chlorodibromomethane
52. hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. ispphorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
en
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 b
1
H
to
§
o
M
Q
O
to
W
O
1
*
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>
(_.
U>
Pollutant
TqxIc Po1lutants (Continued)
57. 2-nttrophenql
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinltrophenol
60. 4,6-dinltro-o-eresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamlne
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylaralne
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bts(2-ethyIhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. dt-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
Stream Sample
Code Typet
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
0.010
0.025
0.033
ND
ND
<0.010
ND
ND
ND
<0.010
<0.010
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene «t (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1 ,2 , 3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
O
K
H
W
a
w
o
w
Q
1
M
a
1-3
1
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
ToxicPollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
M
£ 88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-ODD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. heptachlor
Stream Sample
Code Typet
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
Concentrations (rag/1) ts
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 §
a
H!
H
C
Od
H3
I
K
W
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111 .
112.
Pollutants
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamma -BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) M
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 p
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
S
R
H
ss
w
a
ro
a
>
w
Q
O
»
W
O
hi
I
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
*», - - • -
M 117
W It/.
«J
1 18.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
-
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
. .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.006
<0.001
<0.0005
<0.001
0.032
0.031
0.040
0.12
<0.0002
<0.025
<0.008
0.001
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2
ND
2.4
0.024
0.002
0.002
0.04
0.280
10.0
0.037
<0.0002
0.380
0.430
0.012
0.320
w
Day 3 ^
O
§
fa
KJ
H
55
W
G
to
O
§
M
8
*
to
W
O
t-3
I
<
-------
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconvent tonal Pollutants
alkalinity
ammonia nitrogen
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride
magnesium
phenolics
sulfate
tin
total dissolved solids (TDS)
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.05
77
2
17
<1
0.94
7.2
0.26
29
<0.025
160
Day 1 Day 2
0.220
34,000
<0.01
0,46
180
17,000
0.49
0.32
2,000
7.8
50,000
Day 3 w
o
as
HI
H
W
c
w
o
HI
W
n
o
K
w
w
o
HI
<
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
398
<1
56
-------
M
US
Table V-14 (Continued)
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Po1lutant
Conventional Pollutants (Continued)
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 £j
O
5$
O
g
9 32 3
7.3 8.1 g
en
. . . , . - C
" CO
n
w
Q
O
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
w
o
I
<
-------
Table V-15
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1, acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
4. benzene
5, benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1»2-diehloroethane
11. 1 ,1,1-trlchloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) RJ
Source
ND
ND
ND
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.015
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
0.008
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
ND
0.003
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 S
:z;
0
§
K«
1-3
H
2!
W
s
Q
W
Ci
O
K
w
w
a
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£*
M
M
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-ehloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1 ,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.038
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
•
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.005
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
w
w
n
o
as
o
K
H
. . . . 55
W
G
W
O
H!
M
1
W
W
0
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) _ M
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 w
o
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) §
_
29. 1 ,1-dichloroethylene 456 1 ND ND
30. 1 ,2-trans-dlchloroethylene 456 1 ND ND
1-3
g
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol 456 1 ND ND q
o
32. 1 ,2-dichloropropane 456 1 ND ND g
W
33. 1 ,3-dichloropropene 456 1 ND ND §
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol 456 1 ND 0.004
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 456 1 ND ND w
M
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 456 1 ND ND t*
i
37. 1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine 456 1 ND ND <
38. ethylbenzene 456 1 ND ND
39. fluoranthene 456 1 ND ND
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 456 1 ND ND
41 . 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 456 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 456 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Cone en t r a t i ons (mg/1) &2
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 o
g
ToKJc Pollutants (Continued) Sg
»
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane 456 1 ND ND ^
HI
44. tnethylene chloride 456 1 0.190 0.005 §
to
45. methyl chloride (chlororaethane) 456 -1 ND ND -g
*» " " o
H* !>
*^ 46. methyl bromide (bromomethane) 456 1 ND ND HI
U) W
Q
47. bromoform (tribromomethane) 456 1 ND ND O
Kj
48. dichlorobromomethane 456 1 ND ND
49. trichlorofluoromethane 456 1 ND ND 2
w
o
50. dichlorodifluoromethane 456 1 ND ND ^
i
51. chlorodibromoraethane 456 1 0.002 ND
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
w
CO
o
o
w
s
o
CD
CO
23
H
EH
g
Q
5
O
w
CO
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.006
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
0.020
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
TableV-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
ToxicPollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1 ,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
456
456
456 .
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) Q
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 a
1
£
^
H
to
g
O
M
O
1
M
O
Hi
1
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85, tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
*»
(—1
•fa. 88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-DDD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. heptachlor
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source
ND
0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.004
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 Q
i
O
s
Kj
H
3
w
c
w
o
HI
W
Q
O
W
W
O
H3
I
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*».
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamma-BHC
delta-BriC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1U16
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
456 1 '
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source
ND
ND
. ND .
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CO
M
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 fi
ND
ND
ND . . . .
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NL)
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
^
1-3
H
2
to
§
O
1
O
Pd
en
W
O
(-3
I
<
-------
Table V-13 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
£>
i "7.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
ant imony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.001
0.002
<0.001
0.02
0.003
0.008
0.0022
0.019
<0.0002
<0.001
0.033
<0.001
0.14
Day 1 Day 2
ND
12
3.4
0.064
0.40
0.004
0.52
1 .900
11
0.0004
2.1
0.050
0.40
2.5
CO
w
Day 3 g
25
O
§
KJ
H
*
m
C
w
o
H3
W
Q
O
Cfl
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
VD
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride
magnesium
phenolics
tin
Conventional Pollutants
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.08
60
1.90
0.18
11
4.0
1.2
5.5
0.011 v
1.6
Day 1 Day 2
190
90,000
30,000
<0.1
5,700
0.4
0.12
0.011
240
w
Cd
Day 3 g
1
H3
H
W
G
ro
o
M
8
K
Dl
M
O
(-3
I
<
oil and grease
456
<1
-------
Table V-15 (Continued)
MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Conventiona1 Pollutants (Continued)
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2
1 400
6.2 13.4
UJ
w
Day 3 §
1
H
2
CO
a
w
n
1-3
M
Q
O
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
CO
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-16
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1, acenaphthene
2. acroleln
3. acrylonitrile
{^ 4. benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-triehlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11, 1,1,1-trtehloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-diehloroethane
14. 1 ,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
1
H
55
W
a
ra
a
M
Q
o
M
a
i
<
-------
m
to
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutanta (Continued)
15. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. .chloroethane
17. bis(ehloromethyl)ether
18. bls(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dlchlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
tn
Stream
Code
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
£5
O
B
KJ
1-3
H
3
a
w
o
w
o
o
a
w
a
o
i
^
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTKOWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C :
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (ing/1) H
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 g
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) >
$30
29. 1 ,1-dichloroethylene 849 1 ND ND *?
i~3
M
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene 849 1 ND ND *
w
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol 849 1 ND ND §
• • ' ' ' ' s
32. 1,2-dichloropropane 849 1 ND ND g
Q
33. 1,3-dichloropropene 849 1 ND ND g
Kj
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol 849 1 ND ND
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 849 1 ND ND w
o
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 849 1 ND ND ^
i
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine 849 1 ND ND <
38. ethylbenzene 849 1 ND ND
39. fluoranthene 849 1 ND 0.003
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 849 1 ND ND
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 849 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether 849 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT €
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) m
Pollutant Code Typet SourceDay 1Day 2Day 3 §
. g
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) >
K
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane 849 1 ND ND ^
H
44. methylene chloride 849 1 ND 0.015 ^
w
cj
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane) 849 1 ND ND co
M >
V£ 46. methyl bromide (bromomethane) 849 1 ND ND j|
Q
47. bromoform (tribroinomethane) 849 1 ND ND »
48. diehlorobromomethane 849 1 ND ND
49. trichlorofluoromethane 849 1 ND ND w
o
50. dichlorodifluoromethane 849 1 ND ND (
51. chlorodibromomethane 849 1 ND ND <
52. hexachlorobutadiene • 849 1 ND ND
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 849 1 ND ND
54. isophorone 849 1 ND ND
55. naphthalene 849 1 ND 0.002
56. nitrobenzene 849 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-lb (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) tt
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 o
S
Toxic Pollu t a n t s (Continued) £
57. 2-nitrophenol 849 1 ND 0.020
t-3
58. 4-nitrophenol 849 1 ND ND
a
^ 59. 2,4-dinitrophenol 849 1 ND ND o
S 60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 849 1 ND ND w
tn
o
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine 849 1 ND ND 2
62. N-nitrosodiphenylaraine 849 1 ND ND
w
63. N-nitrosodl-n-propylamine 849 1 ND ND M
Hi
64. pentachlorophenol 849 1 ND ND ,
65. phenol 849 1 ND 0.08 <
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 849 1 0.054 ND
67. butyl benzyl phthalate 849 1 ND ND
68. di-n-butyl phthalate 849 1 ND ND
69. di-n-octyl phthalate 849 1 ND ND
70. dlethyl phthalate 849 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINAT10N - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
tn
en
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthraeene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. ehrysene
77. acenaphthylene
7B. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) S
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
Day 2 Day 3 g
s
1-1
H
03
G
W
O
W
Q
O
to
M
O
1
<
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trlchloroethylene
H
Sg 88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dteldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-DDD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. heptachlor
Stream Sample
Code Typet
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
«49 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
Concentrations (mg/1) td
Source
ND
0.093
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.001
0.016
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 H
»
K
LJ
HI
H
2$
to
G
s
o
M
Q
H-
W
W
O
t-3
I
<
-------
Table V-lb (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
CO
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
garama-BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(0
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 g
o
§
1
H
53
tn
G
«
O
s
M
O
O
K;
M
W
o
1
<
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTMOWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream Sample
Code Typet
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
C/l
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source
ND
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.14
0.005
0.001
<0.002
0.001
3.1
0.02
<0.001
Day 1
ND
<0.001
1.8
0.012
0.32
0.31
0.26
4.6
0.98
<0.002
4.3
39
0.30
1 .9
Day 2 Day 3 o
U
»
M
25
OT
- §
Q
M
Q
O
Kj
CO
M
O
^
1
<
-------
Table V-16 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
en
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
phenolics
tin
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.06
1.5
0.002
0.28
5.6
19
6.5
Day 1 Day 2
1.1
20
0.003
2,300
ND
25,000
13
in
Irl
Day 3 o
o
o
*
H
M
§
O
HI
ra
o
o
w
M
a
<;
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-17
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1. acenaphthene
2. acroleln
3. aerylonitrile
4. benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7, chlorobenzene
8. 1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1 ,2-dichloroethane
11. 1 ,1 ,1-trtchloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1 ,1-dichloroethane
14. 1 ,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 Q
§
K
H
**•
t/J
CJ
ttf
n
M
O
W
w
O
^
1
<
-------
.fc.
M
O\
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
.20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1 ,2-diehlorobenzene
26. 1 ,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1 ,4-diehlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream Sample
Code Typet
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
u
K
H
M
C
O
1-3
W
Q
1
in
m
o
i
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
I
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) n
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 $
u
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) >•
29. 1,1-diehloroethylene 850 1 ND ND
H
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene 850 1 ND ND ^
w
31. 2,4-diehlorophenol 850 1 ND ND . ..§
r o
>
32. 1,2-diehloropropane 850 1 ND ND g
Q
33. 1,3-dichloropropene 850 1 ND ND §
K
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol 850 1 ND ND
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 850 1 ' ND ND $
o
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 850 1 ND ND H
i
37. 1,2-diphenylhydra2ine 850 1 ND ND <
38. ethylbenzene 850 1 ND ND
39. fluoranthene 850 1 ND ND
40. 4-ehlorophenyl phenyl ether 850 1 ND ND
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 850 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether 850 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINAT10N AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
w
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) ^
o
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane 850 1 ND ND §
8
44. methylene chloride 850 1 ND 0.045 *
1-3
[t
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane) 850 1 ND ND 2;
en
46, methyl bromide (bromomethane) 850 1 ND ND g
•^ o
tmiiiJ *hx|
cn 47. bromoforra (tribromomethane) 850 1 ND ND 1-3
*• w
Q
48. dichlorobromomethane 850 1 ND ND o
49. trichlorofluoromethane 850 1 ND ND
50. dichlorodif luorotnethane 85U 1 ND ND w
w
o
51. chlorodibroraomethane 850 1 ND ND ^
i
52. heKachlorobutadiene 850 1 ND ND <
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 850 1 ND ND
54. isophorone 850 1 ND ND
55. naphthalene 850 1 ND ND
56. nitrobenzene 850 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
-
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
57. 2-nitrophenol
56. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4.6-dinitro-o-eresol
61. N-nitrosodiraethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.054
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND ;•
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.035
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
w
o
o
as
§
v
*
H
. . . . "Z.
CO
c!
W
O
>
td
8
V^j
M
O
l-i
1
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTRGWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71 . dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b) f luoranthene
75. benzo(k) f luoranthane
76. chrysena
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1 ,2 ,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream Sample
Code Typet
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
CO
M
O
O
5
fd
H
^
0)
G
n
M
O
s
K
M
W
a
^
i
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROyiNNlNy SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT €
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. ehlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-DDD
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. heptachLor
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) 2
Source
ND
0.093
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0:01
0.021
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
K
H
W
§
O
M
I
K
M
W
O
•i
I
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
en
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamma -BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
w
W
O
53
O
K
H
53
cn
G
CO
h3
w
Q
O
K
W
M
O
1-3
I
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTEK CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
it*.
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
«50
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.14
0.005
0.001
<0.002
0.001
3.1
0.02
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2
ND
0.77
4.8
0.007
0.13
0.002
0.10
4.70
0.51
<0.002
•2.0
30
0.08
0.78
Day 3
w
o
1
^
H
25
OT
CJ
to
O
M
Q
O
W
M
O
1
<
-------
Table V-17 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER GHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
^ phenolics
M
~J
o tin
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.06
1.5
0.002
0.28
5.6
19
Day 1 Day 2
0.12
23
0.5
15
ND
140,000
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
en
>•
«3
Q
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b) , (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-18
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1 . acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
4. benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetraehloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2 ,4-triehlorobenzene
9, hexachlorobenzene
10, 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1 ,1,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1 ,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.210
ND
ND
ND l
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
t/3
W
0
o
o
*
3
en
to
Q
s
w
8
K
W
w
o
^
1
<
-------
ifc*
H
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINN1NG SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15, 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20, 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-m-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1 ,2-diehlorobenzene
26. 1 ,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3 -diehlorobenzidine
Stream Sample
Code Typet
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
t/5
M
0
O
1
HI
H
2!
C/5
G
a
o
H3
M
Q
g
H5
M
O
I
<
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION , NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) _
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
£0
M
Tox i c Po I lutants (Continued) g
.3
29. 1 ,1-dichloroethylene 845 1 ND ND ND ND §2
W
^u- 1 ,2-trans-dichloroethylene 845 1 ND ND ND ND K
M
31. 2,4-diehiorophenol .845 1 ND ND ND ND ^
w
32. 1 ,2-dichloropropane 845 1 ND ND ND ND §
*- o
33. 1 ,3-dichloropropene 845 1 ND ND ND ND
Q
g
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol 845 1 ND ND ND ND
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 845 1 ND ND ND ND
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 845 1 ND ND ND ND g
o
37. 1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine 845 1 ND ND ND ND *
38. ethylbenzene 845 1 ND ND ND ND <
39. fluoranthene 845 1 ND O.OU6 0.005 0.004
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 845 1 ND ND ND ND
41 . 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 845 1 ND ND ND ND
42. bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether 845 1 NO ND ND ND
-------
*».
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLOR1NATION , NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/l) _
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
^
w
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) o
z
43. bis(2-ehoroethoxy)methane 845 1 ND ND ND ND g
I
44. methylene chloride 845 1 ND 0.038 0.024 0.041 K
t-3
H
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane) 845 1 ND ND ND ND 3
M
46. methyl bromide (broraomethane) 845 1 ND ND ND ND §
o
>
47. bromotorra (tribromomethane) 845 1 ND ND ND ND ^3
cd
o
48. dichlorobromoraethane 845 1 ND ND ND ND g
K!
49. trichlorofluoromethane 845 1 ND ND ND ND
50. dichlorodifluoromethane 845 1 ND ND ND ND |
o
51. chlorodibromomethane 845 1 ND ND ND ND H
i
52. hexachlorobutadiene 845 1 ND ND ND ND <
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 845 1 ND ND ND ND
54. isophorone 845 1 ND ND ND ND
55. naphthalene 845 1 ND ND ND ND
56. nitrobenzene 845 1 ND ND ND ND
-------
&>.
M
in
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA «IAHUN fLANl L
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample Concentrations
Typet Source
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 0.054
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
, ND
ND
(mg/1)
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.007
1 .300
0.710
ND
0.710
ND
cn
M
o
O
55
1
K)
H
£5
to
§
O
M
n
o
K;
w
M
o
i
<
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
cn
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74. benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
o.ooy
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
Day 3
ND
0.013
ND
ND
ND
0.01 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
M
O
0
1
H
2!
G
M
ATEGORY
SECT -
<
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINAT10N, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88, vinyl chloride (chloroethylene) 845
89. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-DDD
95, alpha-endosuifan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98, heptachlor
Stream
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.093
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.009
0.015
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
0.014
0.025
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cfl
M
O
O
55
%
H
. ^
W
§
O
HI
ra
n
1
w
M
O
Hi
1
<
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.
101.
102.
£*
2 iu3-
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamma- BHC
deita-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
W
O
o
i
1
H
53
W
§
O
t-3
W
O
o
w
K
0
1-3
1
<
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>
M
Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample
Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3 rft
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
113.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
1 NO
1 <0
1 0
1 <0
1 <0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 <0
1 0
1 3
1 0
1 <0
.001
.008
.001
.001
.003
.14
.005
.001
.0002
.001
.1
.02
.001
ND
<0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
<0
5
39
0
2
.001
.3
.014
.28
.004
.26
.6
.93
.0002
.6
.22
.2
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Table V-18 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
O
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
phenolics
tin
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream Sample
Concentrations (mg/1)
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Source Day 1
0.06 0.56
1.5 3
0.002 0.20
0 . 28 19
5.6 29
19 1,600
6.5 8.9
Day 2
1.0
1 .6
0.23
22
21
530
8.9
Day 3
0.8
1.3
0.20
16
20
1 ,300
en
w
o
o
1
Kj
(-3
i_i
CO
G
W
n
1-3
w
Q
o
w
M
O
1-3
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-19
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
.fc.
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
1. acenaphthene
2. acrolein
3. acrylonitrile
4. benzene
5. benzidine
6. carbon tetrachloride
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
9. hexachlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13. 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
\t
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
tn
M
O
O
§
»
i_i
CO
g
o
M
O
O
W
M
O
1
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
H
00
to
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1 ,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chloromethyl)ether
18. bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-ra-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1 ,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
M
W
O
O
u
§
H
H
S3
w
a
to
o
H3
w
o
o
s
w
M
O
HI
I
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
ifct
M
O3
Pollutant
Tox 1 c PoIluEanE s (Continued)
29. 1,1-diehloroethylene
30. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,3-dtchloropropene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,b-dinitrotoluene
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bts(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SECON;
§
HI
H
65
W
a
w
o
(-3
w
8
•<
CO
M
O
>3
i
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (rog/1)
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
O)
t in I
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) o
§
43. bis(2-ehoroethoxy)methane 844 1 ND ND ND ND O
3
44. methylene chloride 844 1 ND ND ND ND K
H
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane) 844 1 ND ND ND ND §
w
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane) 844 1 ND ND ND ND §
*«• o
M >
os 47. broraoform (tribromomethane) 844 1 ND ND ND ND 1-3
** M
48. diehlorobromomethane 844 1 ND ND ND ND g
K
49. trichlorofluororaethane 844 1 ND ND ND ND
50. dichlorodifluororaethane 844 1 ND ND ND ND w
w
n
51. chlorodibromomethane 844 1 ND ND ND NU ^
i
52. hexachlorobutadiene 844 1 ND ND ND ND <
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 844 1 ND ND ND ND
54. isophorone 844 1 ND ND ND ND
55. naphthalene 844 1 ND ND ND UL>
56. nitrobenzene 844 1 ND ND ND ND
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
Ul
Toxic
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
2-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol
2 ,4-dinitrophenol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodirnethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
pentachlorophenol
phenol
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-octyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.054
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.004
0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
ND
0.002
ND
0.007
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.084
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.045
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cfl
M
Q
i
o
»
HI
H
25
W
a
w
a
1
8
*
w
w
n
i
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
71.
72.
73.
74.
H
03 1C
a\ 75 .
76.
77.
78.
79.
8U.
81.
82.
83.
84.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
dimethyl phthalate
benzo (a) anthracene
benzo(a)pyrene
benzo(b) f luoranthene
benzo(k) f luoranthane
chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene (a)
benzo(ghi)perylene
f luorene
phenanthrene (a)
dibenzo (a , h) anthracene
indeno ( 1 ,2 , 3~e,d)pyrene
pyrene
Stream Sample
Code Typet
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
o
0
o
1
^
H
X
w
a
w
Q
M
Q
o
W
w
o
1-3
1
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
85.
86.
87.
»»•
i^
3 89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
tetrachloroethylene
toluene
trichloroethyler.e
vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
aldrin
dieldrin
chlordane
4, 4 '-DDT
4, 4 '-DDE
4, 4 '-ODD
alpha-endosulfan
beta-endosulfan
endosulfan sulfate
heptachlor
Stream
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet
1
1
.1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.093
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
0.008
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SECONDARY
>N
H
55
W
a
w
o
1
»
OT
W
a
i
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
OD
Pollutant
Toxic
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
10».
109.
110.
111.
l"l2.
Pollutants
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamnia-BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
w
0
o
H3
H
as
in
a
to
0
HI
w
1
w
w
o
^
1
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
vo
Toxic
113.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121 .
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.14
0.005
0.001
<0.002
0.001
3.1
0.02
<0.001
Day 1
ND
0.004
0.068
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.20
0.015
0.015
<0.002
0.10
1 .8
<0.001
0.008
Day 2
<0.001
0.021
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.14
0.031
0.010
<0.002
0.04
2.7
<0.001
<0.001
Day 3
<0.001
0.061
<0.001
0.02
0.003
0.20
0.021
0.015
<0.002
0.023
3.0
0.03
<0.001
SECONDARY 1
H
55
cn
§
O
H
W
^
W
w
o
1
<
-------
Table V-19 (Continued)
FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
phenolics
i_i
o tin
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Concentrations
Typet Source
1 0
1 1
1 0
1 0
1 5
1 19
1 6
.06
.5
.002
.28
.6
.5
Day 1
0.05
0.5
0.003
0.95
14
31
6.9
(ms/l)
Day 2
0.04
0.6
0.003
0.85
12
32
7.1
Day 3
<0.02
0.8
0.002
1 .4
7.6
29
W
W
1
tJ
i-l
H
2!
OT
UJ
O
W
1
Kj
CO
M
O
1-3
i
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-20
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
1.
2.
3.
£> *
M
V£> c
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12,
13.
14.
Pollutant
Pollutants
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonitrile
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2-dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
hexachloroethane
1 , 1 -dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
,ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 M
W
o
o
1
H
H
55
W
CJ
W
o
If
w
o
1
w
m
o
i
<
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*»
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
15. 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis(chlororaethyl)ether
18. bls(2-chloroethyl)ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. p-chloro-ni-cresol
23. chloroform
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1 ,2-dichlorobenzene
26. 1 ,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1 ,4-dichloroben2ene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
S t ream
Code
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.037
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 ....
1 r~™ -~~ ' """ ~ " '""" v3
w
D
O
O
w
CJ
a
o
M
o
o
W
D
HI
1
<
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAHPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
en
M
T_ox_ic Po 1 lutants (Continued) O
*z
2y. 1 ,1-dichloroethylene 858 1 NU ND jg
3
30. 1,2-trans-dlchloroethylene 858 1 ND ND K
H3
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol 858 1 ND ND as
| w
32. 1,2-dichloropropane 858 1 ND ND g
o
33. 1 ,3-dtchloropropene 858 1 ND ND S
34. 2,4-diroethylphenol 858 1 ND ND g
Kj
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 858 1 ND Nl)
36. 2.6-dlnitrotoluene 858 1 ND ND w
M
O
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine 858 1 ND ND ^
i
38. ethylbenzene 858 1 ND ND <
39. fluoranthene 858 1 ND ND
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 858 1 ND ND
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 858 1 ND ND
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 858 1 ND ND
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTRON INN ING SOLUTION AFTER CARBON ATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concent r a 1 1 ons ( rog / 1 ) _
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
to
B
Toxic Pollutants (Continued) g
g
43. bis(2-choroethoxy)methane 858 1 ND ND 5
»
44. raethylene chloride 858 1 0.021 0.045
H
H
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane) 858 1 ND ND *
w
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane) 858 1 ND ND §
O
>
47. bromoform (tribroroomethane) 858 1 ND ND H
Q
48. dichlorobromomethane 858 1 ND ND g
K
49. trichlorof luororaethane 858 1 ND ND
50. .dichlorodifluoromethane 858 1 ND ND
51. chlorodibromomethane 858 1 ND ND
i
52. hexachlorobutadiene 858 1 ND ND <
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene 858 1 ND ND
54. isophorone 858 1 ND ND
55. naphthalene 858 1 ND ND
56. nitrobenzene 858 1 ND ND
o
-------
Table V-2U (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic P o11u t an t s (Continued)
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-eresol
£»
H>
^ 61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
62. N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
Stream Sample
Code Typet
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
O.OU4
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.028
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
in
w
o
O
5?
O
K!
H
2!
Co
g
0
Ki
B
O
O
K
W
O
H
I
<
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene
73. benzo(a)pyrene
74, benzo(b)fluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthane
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
78. anthracene (a)
79. benzo(ghi)perylene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene (a)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
83. indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
84. pyrene
Stream
Code
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 „
w
o
o
S3
O
|8
n
H
S3
Cfl
G
e
o
1-3
M
O
O
50
Kj
0
W
o
*3
1
<
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
85. tetrachloroethylene
86. toluene
87. trichloroethylene
88. vinyl chloride (ehloroethylene)
«y. aldrin
90. dieldrin
91. chlordane
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE
94. 4,4'-DDU
95. alpha-endosulfan
96. beta-endosulfan
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. heptachlor
Stream
Code
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.005
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.001
0.027
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
M
O
§
>
i-S
M
• - &
a
da
o
w
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTRO-WINNING SOLUTION AFTER CAKBONATION - PLANT 0
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*>.
VD
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
ioy.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
garama-BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
epoxide
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
w
O
o
H
2!
in
C
W
O
w
O
O
tn
M
O
(-3
1
<
•
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT i)
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121 .
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (tptal)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream Sample
Code Typet
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.001
0.007
<0.001
0.001
0.004
0.016
0.004
0.011
0.0007
0.003
<0.005
<0.001
0.005
Day 1 Day 2
ND
0.300
2.6
0.003
0.20
0.37
0.15
31 ,000
0.50
<0.0002
2.4
<0.005
0.14
0.88
Day 3
w
M
O
O
Z
>
K
H
• r?
CO
§
o
B
M
O
0
K
OT
W
O
i-3
1
<
-------
Table V-20 (Continued)
ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
phenolics
tin
Conventional Pollutants
total suspended solids (TSS)
Stream
Code
858
858
858
858
858
Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source Day 1 Day 2
1 0.24 0.14
1 0.3 0.6
1 0.001 0.0003
1 1.7 26
1 y 25,000
Day 3
w
o
o
25
O
K
1-3
H
25
W
§
o
m
Q
o
K!
w
M
o
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
(a), (b), (c) Reported together.
-------
Table V-21
INFLUENT TO TREATMENT - PLANT E
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
£»
NJ
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.0013
0.007
<0.010
<0.030
<0.030
<0.030
<0.01
0.054
0.0149
0.052
<0.001
0.0014
<0.001
<0.030
Day 1
0.0008
1.60
<0.010
0.061
<0,030
0.13
<0.01
0.11
0.0073
0.16
0.046
0.0010
0.0011
0.36
Day 2
0.0016
0.069
<0.010
0.50
0.035
1.50
<0.01
0.18
0.0031
1.40
0.0042
0.0015
0.0035
1.10
Day 3 w
bd
o
§
0.0047 |
K
0.11 ^
H
<0.010 ^
en
0.30 |
0.035 [I
Q
7.50 §
<0.01
1.10 8
o
<0.0025^
6.40 <
0.0011
0.0118
0.0020
3.40
-------
Table V-21 (Continued)
INFLUENT TO TREATMENT - PLANT E
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
Acidity
Alkalinity
Aluminum
Ammonia Nitrogen
*»
K)
° Barium
Boron
Calcium
Chloride
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Stream
Code
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg71)
Source
10
160
2.80
0.04
0.12
0.17
0.067
155
<0.030
0.40
2.80
0.018
0.11
<0.030
Day 1
30
200
1.20
0.50
0.13
4.30
0.26
250
<0.030
4.7
23.00
0.022
0.28
0.70
Day 2
61
110
1.80
3.2
0.75
6.40
0.37
770
0.45
6.4
8.80
0.030
0.91
1.70
Day 3
270
<1
7.60
1.2
0.040
5.40
0.51
930
1.00
8.8
86.00
0.040
1.20
0.64
w
M
O
i
1
*
H
*
m
G
ttf
O
S
w
Q
O
s
w
M
O
i-i
1
<
-------
o
co
Table V-21 (Continued)
INFLUENT TO TREATMENT - PLANT E
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Contir
Germanium
Indium
Sod iuni
Sulfate
Tin
Titanium
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOG)
.Total Solids (TS)
Vanadium
Yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
Oil and Grease
Stream
Code
lued)
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
Sample
lyper
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
OUUi.
<0.50
<0.50
0.12
46
<0.25
<0.25
510
13
640
<0.030
<0.25
<1
Concentrations (mg/1)
ce Day 1 ~ ~
0.50
<0.50
0.18
190
<0.25
<0.25
1,300 1
8
1,300 2
<0.030
<0.25
<1
uay z
<0.50
<0.50
0.18
320
<0.25
<0.25
,900 2,
<20
,100 3,
<0.030
<0.25
73
H
H
2
W
S
o
w
Q
O
W
W
n
i
<
-------
*»
NJ
O
Table V-21 (Continued)
INFLUENT TO TREATMENT - PLANT E
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 w
M
Conventional Pollutants (Continued) O
g
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 896 65 19 43 91 g
K
pH (standard units) 896 7.20 7.30 5.70 3.90 ^
H
25
W
' C
a
o
w
Q
o
w
M
Q
I
<
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
6 - 24-hour automatic composite
-------
Table V-22
TREATED EFFLUENT - PLANT E
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
o
Ul
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.0013
0.007
<0.010
<0.030
<0.030
<0.030
<0.01
0.054
0.0149
0.052
<0.001
0.0014
<0.001
<0.030
Day 1
0.
0.
<0.
0.
<0.
0.
<0.
0.
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
TREATED EFFLUENT - PLANT E
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
Acidity
Alkalinity
Aluminum
4-, Ammonia Nitrogen
to
o _
m Barium
Boron
Calcium
Chloride
Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Stream
Code
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
10 4,
160
2.80
0.04
0.12
0.17
0.067
155
<0.030
0.40
2.80
0.018
0.11
<0.030
Day 1
800
56
0.50
3.1
0.080
3.80
0.60
48
0.099
13
0.47
0.036
5.10
1.30
Day 2
20
62
0.80
2.9
0.040
3.70
0.63
950
0.094
61
0.81
0.036
1.10
0.47
Day 3
10
68
0.60
2.5
0.040
3.50
0.60
880
0.083
7.8
0.32
0.035
1.00
<0.030
M
W
O
9
§
1-1
H
S3
w
G
w
o
>£*
M
Q
O
*
M
W
O
i
<
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
TREATED EFFLUENT - PLANT E
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sampli
Typet
e Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
Germanium
Indium
Sodium
^ Sulfate
M
5 Tin
Titanium
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Total Solids (TS)
Vanadium
Yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
Oil and Grease
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
899
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
^6
6
1
<0.50
<0.50
0.12
46
<0.25
<0.25
510
13
640
<0.030
<0.25
0
<0.50
<0.50
0.34
630
<0.25
<0.25
3,800
11
3,600
<0.030
2.10
78
1 Day 2
<0.50
<0.50
0.34
600
<0.25
<0.25
3,400 3,
35
3,500 3,
<0.030
<0.25
11
Day 3
j
<0.50
<0.50
0.32 .
480
<0.25
<0.25
100
190
300
1.30
<0.25
3
M
o
i
I
H
H
as
w
c
W
o
!
O
o
W
M
O
1
'<
-------
Table V-22 (Continued)
TREATED EFFLUENT - PLANT E
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1) _
Pollutant Code Typet Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 m
' ™» i ••ilium™ ..... — ii— ——•• ••MMM J ~*-~~ ::l =....=— 1111 z=ri1fii«fc.j, — r ji = jjjjjjminigniiim™ n ..... - ~~:~^rJf=^ r" - """ :::~ ' " .a-i.::iii_ _ - - yj
w
Con yen t iona 1 Po 1 lu t an ts (Continued) §
2!
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 899 6 5 <1 4 4
pH (standard units) 899 7.20 6,30 6.30 6.0
O
OQ
tSample Type Code: 1 - One-time grab
6 - 24-hour automatic composite
H
2!
W
a
w
P
^
w
n
o
S
Kj
w
o
I
<
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
TABLE V-23
SECONDARY TIN SAMPLING DATA
RAW WASTEWATER FROM SELF SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Sample Number
Toxic Pollutants
117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
124. nickel
128. zinc
Nonconventiona1 Pollutants
aluminum
cobalt
iron
manganese
molybdenum
tin
titanium
vanadium
Con c e n tratipn (mg/1)
88176 88147
<0.050
0.050
<0.500
<0.500
2.000
<0.200
0.500
0.480
12.000
<0.500
1.500
<0.050
0.520
<5.000
<2.000
<1.000
75.000
Note: 88176 = Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate
88147 = De-Aluminizing Rinse
4209
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
Tin
Hydroxide
Supernatant
From Scrap
Precipitation
Supernatant
Tank No. 1
(Sludge and
Plating Solutions)
396
Precipitation
Supernatant
Tank No. 2
(Sludge and
Plating Solutions)
399
&
Tin
Hydroxide
Filtrate
398
Lagoons
Discharge
to River
Source
Water
394
Figure V-l
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY TIN PLANT A
4210
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
Source
Water
454
Spent
Elec trowinning
Solution
455
To Sales
Mud Pond
456
Figure V-2
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY TIN PLANT B
4211
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
Source
Water
Spent
Electrowintiing
Solution
XN
846
NaOCl
843
Chlorination
849
Neutralization
x\
850
Sedimentation
Ponds
Noncontact
Cooling
Water
845
844
Discharge
to River
Figure V-3
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY TIN PLANT C
4212
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
Source
Water
857
Spent
Elec trowinning
Solution
Carbonation
858
Discharge to
Surface Water
Figure V-4
SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY TIN PLANT D
4213
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - V
Source Hater
Scrubber
Slowdown
<8>
38,000 gp
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
SECTION VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
This section examines the chemical analysis data presented in
Section V and discusses the selection or exclusion of pollutants
for potential limitation. The basis for the regulation of
toxic and other pollutants, along with a discussion of each
pollutant selected for potential limitation is presented in
Section VI of Vol. I. That discussion provides information
concerning the nature of the pollutant (i.e., whether it
is a naturally occurring substance, processed metal, or a
manufactured compound); general physical properties and the
form of the pollutant; priority effects of the pollutant in
humans and other animals; and behavior of the pollutant in
POTW at the concentrations expected in industrial discharges.
The discussion that follows describes the analysis that was
performed to select or exclude priority pollutants for
further consideration for limitations and standards. Pollutants
will be considered for limitation if they are present in
concentrations treatable by the technologies considered in this
analysis. The treatable concentrations used for the priority
metals were the long-term performance values achievable by
lime precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration. The
treatable concentrations used for the priority organics are
the long-term performance values achievable by carbon
adsorption. Also, conventional and nonconventional
pollutants and pollutant parameters are selected or
excluded from limitation.
Following proposal, additional data was collected concerning raw
wastewater characteristics from tin smelter scrubbing
operations. This data is presented in section V of this
document. Based on comments, the Agency has decided to
promulgate different limitations for tin smelter scrubbing
operations than for other secondary tin operations. Although
secondary tin is still considered a single subcategory, the
pollutants selected for tin smelter SO2 scrubber operations are
different than for other secondary tin operations. This is
discussed further in Section X.
CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED
As part of this study, the Agency examined samples for two
conventional pollutant parameters (total suspended solids and pH)
and the nonconventional pollutant parameters aluminum, barium,
boron, fluoride, iron, manganese and tin. On March 18, 1985 the
Agency published a notice of data availability which stated that
for the tin smelter S02 scrubber building block, the Agency was
considering regulating the nonconventional pollutants
aluminum, barium, boron, iron, manganese and tin. For
promulgation, the Agency has decided not to regulate aluminum,
4215
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
barium, boron, or manganese for the tin smelter SC«2 scrubber
building block because these pollutants will be effectively
controlled by the limitations developed for the regulated
priority metal pollutants and the nonconventional pollutants iron
and tin.
The conventional and nonconventional pollutants or pollutant
parameters selected for limitation for the secondary tin
subcategory are:
o fluoride
o iron
o tin
o total suspended solids (TSS)
o pH
Plants which only smelt tin concentrates and control the SC>2
off-gases with a wet scrubber will not be regulated for
fluoride. All other tin facilities will be regulated for
fluoride, but will not be regulated for iron.
Fluoride was detected in all 12 raw wastewater samples
analyzed for this study. Five of the 12 values are equal to or
greater than 12,000 mg/1. These high concentrations of
fluoride are found in wastewaters associated with secondary tin
production from tin plating solutions and sludges. The fluoride
originates as tin fluoroborate or fluoroboric acid which are
constituents of tin plating baths. For these reasons, fluoride
is selected for limitation in this subcategory.
Iron was analyzed for in four raw wastewater samples. The
observed concentrations were 140 mg/1, 190 mg/1, 250 mg/1, and
250 mg/1. All 4 concentrations are greater than the
concentration considered achievable with lime, settle and filter
treatment (0.28 mg/1). In addition, an iron compound is used as
a raw material in the tin smelting operation. For these reasons,
iron is selected for limitation in this subcategory.
Tin was analyzed for in all 14 raw waste samples, and was found
in concentrations ranging from 0.89 mg/1 to 8800 mg/1. All 14
values are greater than the 0.14 mg/1 concentration considered
achievable by lime, settle and filter technology. Also, tin is
expected to be present in the wastewaters from this subcategory
because of its prevalence in the process and its solubility. For
these reasons, tin is selected for limitation in this
subcategory.
TSS concentrations ranging from 25 to 50,000 mg/1 were observed
in the 14 raw waste samples analyzed for this study. All 14
concentrations are well above the 2.6 mg/1 treatable
concentration. Furthermore, most of the specific methods used to
remove priority metals do so by converting these metals
to precipitates, and these priority-metal-containing
precipitates should not be discharged. Meeting a
limitation on total suspended solids helps ensure that removal
4216
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
of these precipitated priority metals has been effective.
For these reasons, total suspended solids is selected for
limitation in this subcategory.
The 12 pH values observed during this study ranged from 6.2 to
13.3. Six of the 12 values were outside the 7.5 to 10.0 range
considered desirable for discharge to receiving waters. Many
deleterious effects are caused by extreme pH values or rapid
changes in pH. Also, effective removal of priority metals
by precipitation requires careful control of pH. Since pH
control within the desirable limits is readily attainable by
available treatment, pH is selected for limitation in this
subcategory.
TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS - SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
The frequency of occurrence of the priority pollutants in the
raw wastewater samples is presented in Table VI-1 (page
4233). Table VI-1 is based on the raw wastewater data from
streams 895, 455, 456, 395, 396, 398, 399, 843, and 856
(see Section V). These data provide the basis for the
categorization of specific pollutants, as discussed
below. Treatment plant samples were not considered in the
frequency count.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
The toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 4223) were not
detected in any raw wastewater samples in this
subcategory; therefore, they are not selected for
consideration in establishing limitations.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION
The toxic pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any raw wastewater
samples in this subcategory; therefore, they are not selected for
consideration in establishing limitations.
9. hexachlorobenzene
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
23. chloroform
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
39. fluoranthene
55. naphthalene
62. n-nitrosodimethylamine
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
78. anthracene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene
87. trichloroethylene
4217
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT
The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration in
establishing limitations because they were not found in any raw
wastewater samples operations in this subcategory above
concentrations considered achievable by existing or available
treatment technologies. These pollutants are discussed
individually following the list.
117. beryllium
123. mercury
Beryllium was detected above its analytical quantification level
(0.1 mg/1) in four out of 14 raw wastewater samples. The
observed concentrations ranged from 0.02 mg/1 to 0.20 mg/1.
Three of these values are below the treatable concentration for
beryllium (0.20 mg/1). One is right at the treatability
concentration and would therefore not be reduced by available
treatment technology. Beryllium is therefore not selected for
limitation.
Mercury was detected in six out of 14 raw wastewater samples.
The six observed concentrations range from 0.0004 mg/1 to
0.026 mg/1, all below the concentration considered achievable by
identified treatment technology (.036 mg/1). Mercury is
therefore not selected for limitation.
TOXIC POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES
The following pollutants were not selected for limitation on the
basis that they are detectable in the effluent from only a small
number of sources within the subcategory and they are
uniquely related to only those sources.
4. benzene
38. ethylbenzene
44. methylene chloride
57. 2-nitrophenol
58. 4-nitrophenol
59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
65. phenol
66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
84. pyrene
86. toluene
88. vinyl chloride
Although these pollutants were not selected for limitation in
establishing nationwide regulations, it may be appropriate, on a
case-by-case basis, for the local permit issuing authority to
specify effluent limitations for one or more of these pollutants.
4218
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
Benzene was detected above its treatable level of 0.01 mg/1 in
two out of 10 raw wastewater samples. The observed treatable
concentrations are .051 and .047 mg/1, just slightly higher than
the treatability concentration. Because these values are only
slightly higher than could be achieved by treatment and only two
in 10 samples showed benzene at a treatable concentration,
benzene is not selected for further consideration for limitation.
Ethylbenzene was detected above its treatable concentration of
0.01 mg/1 in only one out of ten raw wastewater samples. The
observed treatable concentration is 0.011 mg/1. Because it was
found at a treatable concentration in only one out of ten samples
and because the observed value is only slightly above the
treatable concentration, ethylbenzene is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Methylene chloride was found above its treatable concentration of
0.01 mg/1 in three out of 10 raw wastewater samples. Methylene
chloride is a common laboratory reagent often detected in blank
and raw water samples. The treatable concentrations observed
(0.031, 0.025 and 1.724 mg/1) are probably due to laboratory
contamination. Methylene chloride is therefore not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
2-Nitrophenol was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (.01 mg/1) in three
out of 12 raw wastewater samples. The treatable concentrations
observed were .031 mg/1, .06 mg/1 and .02 mg/1. The Agency has
no reason to believe that treatable concentrations of
2-nitrophenol should be present in secondary tin wastewaters.
For this reason, and because it was detected in such a small
number of samples, 2-nitrophenol is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
4-Nitrophenol was detected above its treatable concentration of
0.01 mg/1 in two out of 12 raw wastewater samples. The observed
treatable concentrations are 0.026 and 0.025 mg/1. Because it
was found at a treatable concentration in only two out of 12
samples and because the Agency has no reason to believe that
treatable concentrations of 4-nitrophenol should be present in
secondary tin wastewaters, 4-nitrophenol is not selected for
further consideration for regulation.
2,4-Dinitrophenol was detected above its treatable concentration
of 0.01 mg/1 in two out of 12 raw wastewater samples. The
treatable concentrations observed are .033 mg/1 and .086 mg/1.
Because very little removal could be expected with treatment and
because it was detected at treatable concentrations in only two
out of 12 samples, 2,4-dinitrophenol is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Phenol was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by available treatment technology (.01 mg/1) in three out of 12
raw wastewater samples. The observed treatable concentrations
are 0.017, 0.02 and 0.13 mg/1. Because it was detected in only
4219
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
three of 12 samples, and because the Agency has no reason to
believe that treatable concentrations of phenol should be present
in secondary tin wastewaters, phenol is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected above its treatability
concentration of .01 mg/1 in only one out of 12 raw wastewater
samples. The observed treatable concentration is 0.268 mg/1.
This compound is a plasticizer commonly used in laboratory and
field sampling equipment, and is not used or formed as a
by-product in this subcategory. For this reason and because it
was detected at a treatable concentration in only one out of 12
raw wastewater samples, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not
selected for further consideration for limitation.
Butyl benzyl phthalate was detected above the concentration
considered achievable by available treatment technology (.01
mg/1) in three out of 12 raw wastewater samples. The observed
concentrations are .011 mg/1, .012 mg/1, and .025 mg/1. This
compound is a plasticizer commonly used in laboratory and field
equipment, and is not used or formed as a by-product in this
subcategory. For this reason, and because it was detected in
only three out of 12 samples, butyl benzyl phthalate is not
selected for further consideration for limitation.
Pyrene was detected above its treatability concentration of .01
mg/1 in only one out of 12 raw wastewater samples. The observed
treatable concentration is .063 mg/1. The Agency has no reason
to believe that treatable concentration of pyrene should be
present in secondary tin wastewaters. For this reason, and
because it was detected at a treatable concentration in only
one out of 12 samples, pyrene is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Toluene was detected above its treatable concentration of 0.01
mg/1 in two out of ten raw wastewater samples. The observed
treatable concentrations are 0.018 and 0.017 mg/1. Because
toluene was detected in only two out of ten raw wastewater
samples at concentrations only slightly above treatabilty and
because it was detected in the source water sample at 0.093 mg/1,
toluene is not selected for further consideration for regulation.
Vinyl chloride was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (.01 mg/1) in only
one out of 10 raw wastewater samples. The treatable
concentration observed is .036 mg/1. Because it was detected in
only one out of 10 samples, vinyl chloride is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
4220
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION IN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
The toxic pollutants listed below are selected for
further consideration in establishing limitations and
standards in this subcategory. The priority pollutants
selected for further consideration for limitation are each
discussed following the list.
114. antimony
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc
Antimony was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.47 mg/1) in
eight out of 13 raw wastewater samples. The treatable
concentrations observed range from 0.9 mg/1 to 12.0 mg/1.
Antimony is therefore selected for further consideration for
limitation.
Arsenic was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.34 mg/1) in
eight out of 14 raw wastewater samples. The treatable
concentrations observed range from 1.9 mg/1 to 6.6 mg/1.
Arsenic is therefore selected for further consideration for
limitation.
Cadmium was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.049 mg/1) in
13 out of 14 raw wastewater samples. The treatable
concentrations observed range from 0.08 mg/1 to 0.42 mg/1.
Cadmium is therefore selected for further consideration for
limitation.
Chromium was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.07 mg/1) in
seven out of 14 raw wastewater samples. The treatable
concentrations observed range from 0.084 mg/1 to 0.99
mg/1. Chromium is therefore selected for further
consideration for limitation.
Copper was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.39 mg/1) in four out of 14
raw wastewater samples. The treatable concentrations observed
range from 0.41 mg/1 to 0.60 mg/1. Copper is therefore selected
for further consideration for limitation.
4221
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
Cyanide was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.047 mg/1) in
nine out of 13 raw wastewater samples analyzed for this
study. The treatable concentrations observed range from 0.22
mg/1 to 24 mg/1. Cyanide is therefore selected for further
consideration for limitation.
Lead was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.08 mg/1) in ten out of 14
raw wastewater samples. The treatable concentrations observed
range from 1.0 mg/1 to 11 mg/1. Lead is therefore selected for
further consideration for limitation.
Nickel was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.22 mg/1) in nine out of 14
raw wastewater samples. The treatable concentrations observed
range from 0.35 mg/1 to 4.1 mg/1. Nickel is therefore selected
for further consideration for limitation.
Selenium was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.07 mg/1) in
seven out of 14 raw wastewater samples. The treatable
concentrations observed range from 0.33 mg/1 to 32 mg/1.
Selenium is therefore selected for further consideration for
limitation. Selenium was detected at 3.1 mg/1 in the source
water sample associated with the wastewater sample in which
selenium was observed at 32 mg/1.
Silver was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.07 mg/1) in four out of 14
raw wastewater samples. The treatable concentrations observed
range from 0.30 mg/1 to 0.40 mg/1. Silver is therefore selected
for further consideration for limitation.
Thallium was detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.34 mg/1) in five
out of 14 raw wastewater samples. The treatable concentrations
observed range from 0.59 mg/1 tO 3.1 mg/1. Thallium is therefore
selected for further consideration for limitation.
Zinc was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.23 mg/1) in eight out of
14 raw wastewater samples. The treatab'.e concentrations
observed range from 0.24 mg/1 to 190 mg/1. Zinc is therefore
selected for further consideration for limitation.
4222
-------
Table VI-1
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
KAW WASTEWATKR
U)
1 .
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
1 2,
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Pollutant
acenaphthene
acroleln
acrylonitrlle
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
,2-dichloroethane
,1,1-trlchloroethane
hexachloroethane
, 1 -d ichloroethane
, 1.2-trichloroethane
, 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
chloroetnaiie
bis(chloromethyl) ether
bls(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
parachlorometa cresol
chloroform
2-chlorophenol
,2-dichlorobenzene
,3-dIchlorobenzene
,4-diehlorobenzene
3,3'-diehk>robenzidine
,1-dichloroethylene
,2-trans-dichloroethyla>e
,4-diehlorophenol
,2-dtchk>ropropane
,3-dichloropropylene
2,4-tliiiieihylphenol
Aialytical
Quantification
Concentration
(mg/l)(a)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
(rog/l)(b)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Number of
Streams
Analyzed
9
8
8
8
9
8
8
9
9
8
8
9
8
8
8
8
8
9
8
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
9
8
8
9
Number of
Samples
Analyzed
12
10
10
10
12
10
10
12
12
10
10
12
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
12
12
12
10
12
12
12
12
12
10
10
12
10
10
12
Detected
Ueteeted Below Below 'Ireat-
Quantification able (Jbncen-
ND Concentration tration
12
10
10
6 2
12
10
10
12
10 2
10
8 2
12
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
12
12
12
8 2
12
12
12
12
12
9 1
10
12
10
10
10 2
Ueteeted (fl
Above 'It eat- 3
able Cbncen- Q
tration 55
...._ o
S*
3
K<
2 H
H
^
W
c
a
n
HI
w
8
u
Kj
cn
W
O
. i
ra
1
<
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
NJ
NJ
Pollutant
35. 2,4-dinttrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
37. 1,2-
w
Q
O
cn
W
o
HI
3 ,
2
2 <
H
3
1
3
-------
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
C/l
01
69.
70.
71 4
72.
?'j.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
?9.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
80.
86.
b/.
88.
89,
90.
91.
92.
9i.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
hi').
Pol lutant
di-n-oetyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzo(a)anthraeene
benzo(a)pyrene
3,4-benzofluoranthene
bfcni5o(kjf luoranthene
chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene (c)
berizo(ghi)perylene
fluorene
pherwnthrene (c)
dibeii2O(a,h)dnthracene
ind«To(1,2,3-c,•
w
Q
O
Kj
1
2 C/l
W
| O
Hi
1
<
H
-------
CB
ftillutant
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
ganna-81IC
delta-BBC
KB- 1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
K»-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PUB- 101 6
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
asbestos
beryllium
cadmium
chroinfun
copper
cyanide
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thalliun
zinc
2,3.7,8-tet
<«J)
(d)
(d)
<«0
(e)
(e)
(e)
(f)
rachlt
Table VI-1 (Continued)
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
RAW WASTEWATER
Analytical
Quant ificac ion
Concentration
(rng/i)(a)
0.005
0.005
0.005
0,005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
10 MFL
0.010
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.100
0.050
Itea table
Concent ra-
don
(ne/D(b)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.47
0.34
10 MFL
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
timber of
Streams
Analyzed
3
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Number of Detected below
Samples Quantification
Analyzed ND Concentration
Delected
Below 'iteat-
able Cbncen-
tratlon
Detected w
Above 'It eat- |rj
able (Jbncen- O
tratlon Q
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
13
14
14
14
14
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
0
5
6
10
1
1
4
8
1
3
9
6
1
4
6
10
4
6
4
4
1
3
5
a
8
13
7
4
9
10
9
7
4
5
8
U
1
1-3
H
S!
to
a
w
o
>
Lj
•3
M
O
O
»
Kj
' ^
w
a
0
^
i
<
H
p-dioxin (TCUD)
(a) Analytical qudutification concentration WEJS reported with tlv data (see Section V).
(b) Treatable concentrations are based on performance of lime precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration.
(c), (d), (e) Reported together.
(f) Analytical quantification concentration for BFA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods for Chemical Analysis ot Water and Wastes,
EPA 600/4-79-020, March 1979.
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY . SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
1. acenaphthene
2. aerolein
3. acrylonitrlie
5. benzidene
6. carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
7. chlorobenzene
8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13, 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. l,lf2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis (chloromethyl) ether (deleted)
18. bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. parachlorometa cresol
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-cichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
30. lf2-trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane (deleted)
50. dichlorodifluoromethane (deleted)
51, chlorodibromomethane
52, hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
56. nitrobenzene
-4227
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VI
TABLE VI-2 (Continued)
TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64. pentachlorophenol
69. di-n-octyl phthalate
70. diethyl phthalate
71. dimethyl phthalate
72. benzo(a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
73. benzo(a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)
74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene
75. benzo(k)fluoranthene (11,12-benzofluoranthene)
76. chrysene
77. acenaphthylene
79. benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)
82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (l,2,5,6-diben2anthracene)
83. indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene (w,e,-o~phenylenepyrene)
85. tetrachloroethylene
89. aldrin
90. dieldrln
91. chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
92. 4,4'-DDT
93. 4,4'-DDE(p,p'DDX)
94. 4,4'-DDD(p,p'TDE)
95. a-endosulfan-Alpha
96. b-endosulfan-Beta
97. endosulfan sulfate
98. endrin
99. endrin aldehyde
100. heptachlor
101. heptachlor epoxide
102. Alpha - BHC
103. Beta - BHC
104. Gamma - BHC (lindane)
105. Delta - BHC
106. PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)
107. PCB-1254 {Arochlor 1254)
108. PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221)
109. PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)
110. PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)
111. PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260)
112. PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)
113. toxaphene
116. asbestos
129. 2,3,7,8-tetraehlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
4228
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters generated in the
secondary tin subcategory. This section summarizes the
description of these wastewaters and indicates the level of
treatment which is currently practiced for each waste stream.
This section also presents the control and treatment technology
options which were examined by the Agency for possible
application to the secondary tin subcategory.
CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
This section presents a summary of the control and treatment
technologies that are currently applied to each of the sources
generating wastewater in this subcategory. As discussed in
Section V, wastewater associated with the secondary tin
subcategory is characterized by the presence of the priority
metal pollutants, cyanide, iron, fluoride, tin and suspended
solids. This analysis is supported by the raw
(untreated) wastewater data presented for specific sources as
well as combined waste streams in Section V. Generally, these
pollutants are present in each of the waste streams at
concentrations above treatability, and these waste streams are
commonly combined for treatment. Construction of one wastewater
treatment system for combined treatment allows plants to take
advantage of economies of scale, and, in some instances, to
combine streams of differing alkalinity to reduce treatment
chemical requirements. Three plants in this subcategory
currently have combined wastewater treatment systems. One has
cyanide oxidation with chlorine, followed by acid neutralization
and sedimentation. One has lime precipitation and sedimentation
and one has sedimentation lagoons only. Two options have been
selected for consideration for BPT, BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment
in this subcategory, based on combined treatment of these
compatible waste streams.
TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER
The one plant which practices tin smelting from concentrates and
residues uses an alkaline scrubber to control SO2 emissions from
the smelting operations. The facility practices greater than
90 percent recycle of the scrubber liquor. The scrubber
liquor contains treatable concentrations of priority metals and
suspended solids. This stream is directly discharged after
treatment consisting of lime addition and sedimentation.
DEALUMINIZING RINSE
The facility which reported the use of municipal solid waste as a
4229
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
raw material uses an alkaline leaching and rinsing process to
remove aluminum from the scrap prior to detinning operations. The
spent leachate and rinse water have a very alkaline pH and
contain treatable concentrations of cyanide and priority
metals. The one facility reporting this stream discharges it
directly after treatment consisting of sulfide addition to
precipitate aluminum, cyanide oxidation with sodium
hypochlorite, acid neutralization, vacuum filtration and
sedimentation.
TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE
Tin mud may be neutralized with sulfuric acid and dewatered in a
filter press prior to sales to a tin smelter. The filtrate
contains treatable concentrations of priority metals and
cyanide. The one facility reporting this waste stream is an
indirect discharger with no treatment in place.
TIN HYDROXIDE WASH
The one facility which reported the use of tin hydroxide,
Sn(OH)4, as a raw material, washes the tin hydroxide with
water prior to dissolving it in a caustic solution. This
solution is then mixed with the sodium stannate solution
from alkaline detinning and tin is recovered from the
combined stream by electrowinning. The spent wash water
contains treatable concentrations of priority metals and
suspended solids. The one facility reporting this waste stream
achieves zero discharge through the use of evaporation ponds.
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP
New tin plated steel scrap is used as a raw material at 10 out of
12 secondary tin plants. After alkaline detinning, the tin is
recovered by electrowinning and either all or a portion of the
spent solution is discharged as a waste stream. The spent
solution has a very alkaline pH and contains treatable
concentrations of cyanide, priority metals, and suspended
solids. Of the eight plants which practice electrowinning, six
achieve zero discharge by contractor disposal, sales or
evaporation ponds. Of the two plants which discharge this
stream, one is an indirect discharger with no treatment in place
and the other is a direct discharger with treatment consisting
of cyanide oxidation with chlorine, acid addition, vacuum
filtration and sedimentation.
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
The one facility which reported the use of municipal solid waste
as a raw material to alkaline detinning and electrowinning
discharges a spent electrowinning solution waste stream. This
stream has a very alkaline pH and contains treatable
concentrations of cyanide, priority metals, and suspended
solids. This stream is discharged directly after treatment
consisting of cyanide oxidation with chlorine, acid addition,
4230
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
vacuum filtration and sedimentation.
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP
Tin hydroxide may be precipitated from alkaline detinning
solution as an alternative to electrowinning for tin recovery.
Sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate are added to the sodium
stannate solution and the tin hydroxide forms an insoluble
precipitate which is separated from the liquid phase by
sedimentation. The supernatant waste stream contains treatable
concentrations of cyanide and priority metals. The
one plant reporting this waste stream is a direct
discharger after treatment in sedimentation lagoons.
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES
Tin hydroxide may be precipitated from spent plating solutions
and sludges generated from tin plated steel manufacturing
operations. Sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate are added to the
solution and an insoluble precipitate of tin hydroxide is formed.
The precipitate is separated from the liquid phase by
sedimentation. The supernatant stream contains treatable
concentrations of cyanide and priority metals as well as
high concentrations of fluoride. The one plant reporting this
waste stream is a direct discharger after treatment in
sedimentation lagoons.
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
Tin hydroxide slurry which has been separated from the
supernatant stream may be further dewatered in a filter press
prior to drying. The resultant filtrate waste stream contains
treatable concentrations of antimony, cyanide, fluoride, and
suspended solids. The one facility reporting this waste stream
is a direct discharger after treatment in sedimentation lagoons.
CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
The Agency examined two control and treatment technology
alternatives that are applicable to the secondary tin
subcategory. The options selected for evaluation represent a
combination of flow reduction, pretreatment technology applicable
to individual waste streams, and end-of-pipe treatment
technologies.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary tin subcategory requires treatment
technologies to reduce pollutant mass. The Option A treatment
scheme consists of cyanide precipitation preliminary treatment
applied to the combined stream of dealuminizing rinse, spent
electrowinning solution from new scrap and municipal solid
waste, tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap, tin hydroxide
supernatant from plating solutions and sludges, tin hydroxide
filtrate, and tin mud acid neutralization filtrate. Preliminary
4231
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VII
treatment is followed by chemical precipitation and
sedimentation applied to the combined stream of cyanide
precipitation effluent, tin smelter SC*2 scrubber and tin
hydroxide wash. Chemical precipitation is used to remove metals
and fluoride by the addition of lime or sulfuric acid followed by
gravity sedimentation. Suspended solids are also removed by the
process. It is necessary to use lime as the precipitation
chemical in order to achieve effective tin removal.
OPTION C
Option C for the secondary tin subcategory consists of all
control and treatment requirements of Option A (cyanide
precipitation, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the Option
A treatment scheme. Multimedia filtration is used to remove
suspended solids, including precipitates of metals and
fluoride, beyond the concentration attainable by gravity
sedimentation. The filter suggested is of the gravity, mixed
media type, although other forms of filters such as rapid sand
filters or pressure filters would perform as well. The
addition of filters also provides consistent removal during
periods in which there are rapid increases in flows or loadings
of pollutants to the treatment system.
4232
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
SECTION VIII
COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL
This section presents a summary of compliance costs for the
secondary tin subcategory and a description of the treatment
options and subcategory-specific assumptions used to develop
these estimates. Together with the estimated pollutant
removals presented in Sections IX, X, XI, and XII of this
supplement, these cost estimates provide a basis for evaluating
each regulatory option. These cost estimates are also used in
determining the probable economic impact of regulation on the
subcategory at different pollutant discharge levels. In
addition, this section addresses nonwater quality environmental
impacts of wastewater treatment and control alternatives,
including air pollution, solid wastes, and energy requirements,
which are specific to the secondary tin subcategory.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
As discussed in Section VII, two treatment options have been
developed for existing secondary tin sources. The treatment
schemes for each option are summarized below and
schematically presented in Figures X-l and X-2 (pages 4279
4280) .
OPTION A
Option A consists of preliminary treatment consisting of cyanide
precipitation where required and chemical precipitation and
sedimentation end-of-pipe technology.
OPTION C
Option C consists of Option A preliminary treatment consisting of
cyanide precipitation where required and chemical precipitation
and sedimentation with the addition of multimedia filtration.
COST METHODOLOGY
A detailed discussion of the methodology used to develop the
compliance costs is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I.
Plant-by-plant compliance costs for the nonferrous metals
manufacturing category have been revised as necessary
following proposal. These revisions calculate incremental
costs, above treatment already in place, necessary to comply with
the promulgated effluent limitations and standards and are
presented in the administrative record supporting this
regulation. A comparison of the costs developed for proposal and
the revised costs for the final rulemaking for the secondary
tin subcategory are presented in Tables VIII-1 and VIII-2
(page 4237).
4233
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
Each of the general assumptions used to develop compliance costs
is presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. Each subcategory also
contains a unique set of waste streams requiring certain
subcategory-specific assumptions to develop compliance costs.
The four major assumptions specific to the secondary tin
subcategory are discussed briefly below.
(1) The generation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) during
chemical precipitation was considered in cases where
significant amounts of fluoride were present. If the sludge
resulting from chemical precipitation was mostly composed of
CaF2 (> 50 percent), it was assumed to be suitable for
resale for use as a fluxing agent. Thus, annual costs for
contract hauling of these sludges were not included in these
instances.
(2) All sludges produced from wastewater treatment are considered
to be nonhazardous except for those resulting from cyanide
precipitation, which contain cyanide. Such cyanide bearing
sludges were costed as being disposed separately based on
hazardous waste contract hauling costs.
(3) The sampling values for TSS and aluminum concentration in
spent electrowinning solutions were revised. It was assumed that
the values reported were in error by a factor of 1000 based on
conversations with personnel at one of the two sampled plants and
evaluation of the reported data. The concentrations were revised
as follows:
Old New
TSS 36,500 mg/1 36.5 mg/1
Al 28,700 mg/1 28.7 mg/1
(4) Cost estimates for cyanide precipitation for plants 1046 and
1047 do not include costs for a reaction tank and agitator. This
was done because in each case the low total flow rates into the
treatment system resulted in retention (or holdup) times in the
chemical precipitation tank large enough to allow both cyanide
precipitation and chemical precipitation to occur without
significantly increasing the tank size. For example, the
retention time in the chemical precipitation tank for Plant 1047
was four days or 96 hours. Since the required batch duration for
cyanide precipitation was 8.5 hr. and 16 hr. for chemical
precipitation, both processes could be accomplished within the
time available. The above procedure resulted in a significant
reduction in capital investment.
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
Nonwater quality impacts specific to the secondary tin
subcategory, including energy requirements, solid waste and
4234
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
air pollution are discussed below.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
Energy requirements for Option A are estimated at
576,000 kwh/yr. Option C, which includes filtration, is
estimated to increase energy consumption over Option A by
approximately one percent. Further, the total energy requirement
for Option C is approximately one percent of the estimated
total plant energy usage. It is therefore concluded that the
energy requirements of the treatment options considered will
have no significant impact on total plant energy
consumption.
SOLID WASTE
Sludge generated in the secondary tin subcategory is due to the
precipitation of metals as hydroxides and carbonates using
lime. Sludges associated with the secondary tin subcategory
will necessary contain quantities of priority metal pollutants.
Sludges from primary operations are not subject to regulation as
hazardous wastes since wastes generated by primary smelters and
refiners are currently exempt from regulation by Act of Congress
(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Section
3001(b)), as interpreted by EPA. Wastes from secondary metal
operations can be regulated as hazardous. However, the Agency
examined the solid wastes that would be generated at
secondary nonferrous metals manufacturing plants by the suggested
treatment technologies and believes they are not hazardous wastes
under the Agency's regulations implementing Section 3001 of RCRA,
with one exception. This judgment is based on the results of
Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity tests performed on similar
sludges (i.e. toxic-metal-bearing lime sludges) generated by
other industries such as the iron and steel industry. A small
amount (5-10%) excess lime was added during treatment, and the
sludges subsequently generated passed the toxicity test. See CFR
8261.24. Thus, the Agency believes that the wastewater sludges
from both secondary operations will not be EP toxic if the
recommended technology is applied. The one exception is that
sludges produced as a result of cyanide precipitation are
expected to exhibit hazardous characteristics, and have been
treated as such in our analysis.
Although it is the Agency's view that most of the solid wastes
generated as a result of these guidelines are not expected to be
hazardous, generators of these wastes must test the waste to
determine if the wastes meet any of the characteristics of
hazardous waste (see 40 CFR 262.11).
If these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the scope of RCRA's "cradle to grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point of generation to point of final disposition. EPA's
generator standards would require generators of hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
4235
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off60site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility. See 40 CFR 262.20, 45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31, 1980). The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous wastes
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility. See 40 CFR 263.20, 45 FR
33151 (May 19f 1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31,
1980). Finally, RCRA regulations establish standards for
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
allowed to receive such wastes. See 40 CFR Part 464, 46 FR 2802
(January 12, 1981), and 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982).
Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they still
must be disposed of in compliance with the Subtitle D open
dumping standards, implementing Section 4004 of RCRA. See 44 FR
53438 (September 13, 1979). The Agency has calculated as part
of the costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and
disposing of these wastes.
It is estimated that 2,781 metric tons per year of sludge will be
generated as a result of these proposed BAT and PSES regulations
for the secondary tin subcategory.
AIR POLLUTION
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems will result from implementation of cyanide
precipitation, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration. These technologies transfer pollutants to
solid waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.
4236
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
TABLE VIII-1
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Compliance costs for direct dischargers in this subcategory are
not presented here because the data on which they are based has
been claimed to be confidential.
TABLE VIII-2
COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
Proposal Costs Promulgation Costs
Option Capital Cost Annual Cost Capital Cost Annual Cost
A
B
333400
341700
112200
119900
156612
160187
46676
50044
4237
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - VIII
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4238
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SECTION IX
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT). BPT reflects the existing
performance by plants of various sizes, ages, and manufacturing
processes within the secondary tin subcategory, as well as
the established performance of the recommended BPT systems.
Particular consideration is given to the treatment
already in plac.e at the plants within the data base.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the manufacturing processes used, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and other factors the Administrator considers appropriate. In
general, the BPT level represents the average of the existing
performances of plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or
other common characteristics. Where existing performance is
uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category. Limitations based on transfer of
technology are supported by a rationale concluding that the
technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable prediction
that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed effluent
limits (see Tanner's Council of America v. Train, 540 F.2d 1188
(4th Cir. 1976). BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather
than process changes or internal controls, except where such
practices are common industry practice.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes used, the wastewaters generated, and the treatment
processes installed. Information was collected from the category
using data collection portfolios, and specific plants were
sampled and the wastewaters analyzed. In making technical
assessments of data, reviewing manufacturing processes, and
assessing wastewater treatment technology options, both indirect
and direct dischargers have been considered as a single group.
An examination of plants and processes did not indicate any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct or indirect.
As explained in Section IV, the secondary tin subcategory
has been subdivided into nine potential wastewater sources.
Since the water use, discharge rates, and pollutant
characteristics of each of these wastewaters is potentially
unique, effluent limitations will be developed for each of the
nine subdivisions.
4239
-------
SECONDARY TIN SDBCATEGORY SECT - IX
For each of the subdivisions, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. The first
requirement to calculate these limitations is to account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant. Therefore,
a unit of production or production normalizing parameter (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
in Section IV. Nonprocess wastewaters such as rainfall runoff
and noncontact cooling water are not considered in the analysis.
Production normalized flows for each subdivision were then
analyzed to determine the flow to be used as part of the basis
for BPT mass limitations. The selected flow (sometimes referred
to as the BPT regulatory flow or BPT discharge rate) reflects the
water use controls which are common practices within the
category. The BPT regulatory flow is based on the average of all
applicable data. Plants with normalized flows above the average
may have to implement some method of flow reduction to achieve
the BPT limitations.
The second requirement to calculate mass limitations is the set
of concentrations that are achievable by application of the BPT
level of treatment technology. Section VII discusses the various
control and treatment technologies which are currently in place
for each wastewater source. In most cases, the current control
and treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation and
sedimentation (lime and settle technology). Cyanide
precipitation is applied to streams with treatable
concentrations of cyanide.
Using these regulatory flows and the achievable concentrations,
the next step is to calculate mass loadings for each wastewater
source or subdivision. This calculation was made on a
stream-by-stream basis, primarily because plants in this
subcategory may perform one or more of the operations in various
combinations. The mass loadings (milligrams of pollutant per
metric ton of production mg/kkg) were calculated by
multiplying the BPT regulatory flow (1/kkg) by the concentration
achievable by the BPT level of treatment technology (mg/1) for
each pollutant parameter to be limited under BPT. These mass
loadings are published in the Federal Register and in CFR Part
421 as the effluent limitations and standards for the
subcategory.
The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the various
building blocks which are found at particular plants.
Accordingly, all the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or common treatment system,
but the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow. This method accounts for the variety of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
4240
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
may be found at secondary tin plants.
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration. This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except for controlling pH).
The production normalized wastewater flow (1/kkg) is a link
between the production operations and the effluent limitations.
The pollutant discharge attributable to each operation can be
calculated from the normalized flow and effluent concentration
achievable by the treatment technology and summed to derive an
appropriate limitation for each plant.
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES
In balancing costs in relation to effluent reduction benefits,
EPA considers the volume and nature of existing discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges expected after application of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost and economic impacts of the required pollution control
level. The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality problems attributable to particular point sources or
industries, or water quality improvements in particular water
quality bodies. Accordingly, water quality considerations were
not the basis for selecting, the proposed or promulgated BPT. See
Weyerhaeuser Company v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).
The methodology for calculating pollutant removals and compliance
costs is discussed in Section X. The pollutant removal estimates
have been revised since proposal based on comments and on new
data. Table X-l (page 4266) shows the pollutant removal estimates
for each treatment option for direct dischargers. Compliance
costs for direct dischargers are presented in Table X-2 (page
4268).
BPT OPTION SELECTION
The technology basis for the promulgated BPT limitations is
Option A, chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology to
remove metals, fluoride, and solids from combined wastewaters
and to control pH, with preliminary treatment consisting of
cyanide precipitation. The promulgated technology is equivalent
to the proposed technology. Chemical precipitation and
sedimentation technology is already in-place at two of the
three direct dischargers in the subcategory. The
pollutants specifically selected for regulation at BPT are
arsenic, cyanide, lead, iron, tin, fluoride, TSS, and pH. As
discussed in Section X, plants which only smelt tin concentrates
and control SO2 off-gases with a wet scrubber will not be
regulated for cyanide or fluoride. All other secondary tin
plants will be regulated for cyanide and fluoride, but will not
be regulated for arsenic and iron. The BPT treatment scheme is
presented schematically in Figure IX-1 (page 4257).
Implementation of the promulgated BPT limitations will remove
annually an estimated 544 kg of priority metals, 144 kg of
4241
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
cyanide, 237,220 kg of fluoride, and 506,900 kg of TSS.
Capital and annual costs for achieving BPT are not presented
here because the data on which they are based has been claimed to
be confidential.
More stringent technology options were not selected for BPT since
they require in-process changes or end-of-pipe technologies
not demonstrated in the subcategory, and, therefore, are more
appropriately considered under BAT.
We are transferring cyanide precipitation technology and
performance to the secondary tin subcategory from coil
coating plants. We believe the technology is transferable to
these subcategories because the raw wastewater concentrations
are of the same order of magnitude as those observed in coil
coating wastewater. In that cyanide precipitation converts all
cyanide species to complex cyanides and that precipitation of the
complexed cyanides is solubility related, we believe that the
technology will achieve identical effluent concentrations in both
categories.
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES
A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each building block based
on the average of the flows of the existing plants, as
determined from analysis of dcp. The discharge rate is used
with the achievable treatment concentrations to determine
BPT effluent limitations. Since the discharge rate may be
different for each wastewater source, separate production
normalized discharge rates for each of the 9 wastewater
sources are discussed below and summarized in Table IX-1 (page
4247). The discharge rates are normalized on a production basis
by relating the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of the
intermediate or product which is produced by the process
associated with the waste stream in question. These production
normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are also listed in Table IX-1
(page 4247).
Section V of this document further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents the water use and discharge flow rates for
each plant by subdivision in Tables V-l through V-9 (pages 4068 -
4070)
TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER
The BPT wastewater discharge promulgated for tin smelter
SC-2 scrubber water is 9,198 1/kkg (2,204 gal/ton) of crude
tapped tin, based on greater than 90 percent recycle. This
rate is allocated only to those plants which use wet air
pollution control to control SO2 emissions from tin
smelting operations. Only one facility reported tin smelting
operations and the use of wet scrubbing. Water use and discharge
rates are presented in Table V-l (page 4068). This
facility has a recycle rate of greater than 90 percent.
The BPT flow was revised following proposal based on data
4242
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
obtained during a field sampling episode.
DEALUMINIZING RINSE
The BPT flow allowance proposed and promulgated for dealuminizing
rinse wastewater is 35 1/kkg (9 gal/ton) of dealuminized scrap
produced. This rate is allocated only to those plants which
practice dealuminizing of tin bearing steel scrap prior to
alkaline detinning. Only one facility reported this practice,
which is apparently only necessary when municipal solid waste is
used as a raw material. The water use and discharge rates
reported by this facility are presented in Table V-2 (page
4068). The BPT flow rate is based on the wastewater discharge
rate reported by this facility.
TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin mud acid neutralization filtrate is 5,047 1/kkg (1,210
gal/ton) of neutralized, dewatered tin mud produced. This rate
is allocated only to those facilities which neutralize tin mud
with sulfuric acid and dewater the neutralized mud. One facility
reported this practice. Water use and discharge rates are
presented in Table V-3 (page 4068). The BPT flow rate is
based on the production normalized flow reported by this
facility.
TIN HYDROXIDE WASH
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin hydroxide wash water is 11,953 1/kkg (2,869 gal/ton) of tin
hydroxide washed. This rate is only allocated to those
facilities which use tin hydroxide as a raw material in tin
electrowinning operations and wash the tin hydroxide prior to
dissolution in a caustic solution. One plant reported this
practice. The water use and wastewater discharge rates reported
by this facility are presented in Table V-4 (page 4069). The
BPT flow rate is based on the wastewater discharge rate
reported by this facility.
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
spent electrowinning solution from new scrap is 16,800 1/kkg
(4,029 gal/ton) of cathode tin produced. This rate is allocated
only to those plants which produce tin metal by electrowinning.
There are eight facilities which produce tin by electrowinning.
Six of these eight plants reported sufficient information to
calculate a discharge rate from this process. The BPT flow
allowance is based on the average of the production normalized
flows reported by these six facilities (see Table V-5, page
4069). These production normalized flows ranged from 10,498
1/kkg to 24,069 1/kkg.
4243
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
The BPT flow rate proposed and promulgated for spent
electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste is 119 1/kkg
(29 gal/ton) of MSW scrap used as a raw material in alkaline
detinning operations. This rate is allocated only to those
plants which recover secondary tin from municipal solid waste by
alkaline detinning and electrowinning. One facility reported the
use of municipal solid waste as a raw material in addition to new
scrap. This facility discharges four to five times as much spent
electrowinning solution per mass of electrolytic tin produced
than the average of the other six plants which reported flows for
this waste stream. The large flow is a direct result of
impurities which are introduced into the electrowinning solution
from the municipal solid waste.
This wastewater flow allowance for sites which process
municipal solid waste was calculated by subtracting the
facility's BPT flow allowance for spent electrowinning solution
from new scrap from the total spent electrowinning solution flow
rate reported by the facility. The difference represents the
flow due to municipal solid waste processing. This flow was
divided by the amount of municipal solid waste scrap which the
facility uses as a raw material to alkaline detinning operations.
The resultant production normalized flow rate is 119 1/kkg of
municipal solid waste scrap used as a raw material, as shown in
Table V-6 (page 4069).
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap is 55,640 1/kkg (13,354
gal/ton) of tin metal recovered from scrap. This rate is
allocated only to those facilities which precipitate tin
hydroxide from tin solutions generated from alkaline detinning of
tin plated steel scrap. One facility reported this practice.
Water use and discharge rates are presented in Table V-7 (page
4070). The BPT flow rate is based on the production normalized
flow rate at the one facility currently generating this waste
stream.
TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES
The promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for tin hydroxide
supernatant from plating solutions and sludges is 115,000 1/kkg
(17,600 gal/ton) of tin metal recovered from plating solutions
and sludges. This rate is allocated only to those facilities
which recover tin from plating solutions and sludges by
precipitation of tin hydroxide.
One facility reports this practice. Water use and wastewater
discharge rates are presented in Table V-8 (page 4070). The
Agency decided to combine two proposed subdivisions into one
subdivision for promulgation. Tin hydroxide supernatant from
spent plating solutions has been combined with tin hydroxide
4244
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
supernatant from sludge solids to form this subdivision.
This change will simplify the regulation, but will not cause
the limitations with which any plant must comply to change. At
proposal, a plant generating both wastewater from plating
solutions and from sludges would have calculated separate
mg/kg limits for each operation and summed them for a
plant limitation. For plant 1036, the only facility discharging
both streams, the promulgated mg/kg limitations for these
operations will be identical to the proposed limitations.
TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin hydroxide filtrate is 25,044 1/kkg (6,011 gal/ton) of tin
metal produced. This rate is allocated only for those plants
which dewater tin hydroxide slurries from tin hydroxide
precipitation operations in a filter press. There is currently
only one plant which reported this practice. Water use and
discharge rates are presented in Table V-9 (page 4070). The BPT
wastewater discharge rate for tin hydroxide filtrate is based
on the value reported by the one facility which currently
generates this waste stream.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations and
the subcategory as a whole were examined to select certain
pollutant parameters for limitation. This examination is
presented in Sections VI and X.
A total of eight pollutants or pollutant parameters are selected
for limitation under BPT and are listed below:
115. arsenic
121. cyanide
122. lead
iron
tin
fluoride
TSS
pH
Because of the nature of the wastewaters in this subcategory,
secondary tin plants which only smelt concentrates will not be
regulated for cyanide or fluoride. Other secondary tin plants,
those which do not smelt concentrates, will not be regulated for
iron or arsenic.
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
The treatable concentrations achievable by application of the
promulgated BPT are discussed in Section VII of Vol. I and
summarized there in Table VII-21 (page 248). These treatable
concentrations (both one day maximum and monthly average
values) are multiplied by the BPT normalized discharge flows
4245
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
summarized in Table IX-1 (page 4247) to calculate the mass
of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of product.
The results of these calculations in milligrams of pollutant
per kilogram of product represent the BPT effluent limitations
and are presented in Table IX-2 (page 4248 ) for each individual
waste stream.
4246
-------
Table IX-1
BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
*>
K)
Wastewater Stream
Tin smelter S02 scrubber
Dealuminizing rinse
Tin mud acid neutralization
filtrate
Tin hydroxide wash
Spent electrowinning solution
from new scrap
Spent electrowinning solution
from municipal solid waste
Tin hydroxide supernatant from
scrap
Tin hydroxide supernatant from
plating solutions and sludges
BPT Normalized
Discharge Rate
1/kkg gal/ton
9,198 2,204
35 9
5,047 1,210
11,953
16,800
119
55,640
115,000
2,869
4,029
29
13,354
27,600
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Crude tapped tin produced
Dealuminized scrap produced
Neutralized, dewatered tin mud
produced
Tin hydroxide washed
Cathode tin produced
MSW scrap used as a raw
material
Tin metal recovered from scrap
Tin metal recovered from plat-
ing solutions and sludges
en
w
o
o
§
H
S5
C/3
G
03
O
s
W
O
o
M
O
Tin hydroxide filtrate
25,044
6,011
Tin metal produced
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
Smelter SO 2 Scrubber BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of crude tapped tin produced
Antimony
*Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
26.400
19.220
3.127
4.047
17.480
3.863
17.660
11.310
3.771
18.860
13.430
59.140
51.050
16.920
11.040
6.255
3.495
377.100
the range of 7.5 to 10.0
11.770
8.554
1.380
1.656
9.198
1.840
11.680
5.059
1.564
8.370
5.611
29.430
23.360
7.726
5.611
2.667
2.024
179.400
at all times
^Regulated Pollutant
4248
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse BPT
PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Pluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within the
0.100
0.073
0.012
0.015
0.067
0.010
0.015
0.067
0.043
0.014
0.072
0.051
0.225
0.194
0.064
1.225
0.042
0.024
0.013
1.435
range of 7.5
0.045
0.033
0.005
0,006
0.035
0.004
0.007
0.045
0.019
0.006
0.032
0.021
0.112
0.089
0.029
0.697
0.021
0.010
0.008
0.683
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4249
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCAT1GORY
SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY
(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized,
dewatered tin mud produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
14.480
10.550
1.716
2.221
9.589
1.464
2.120
9.690
6.208
2.069
10.350
7.369
32.450
28.010
9.286
176.600
6.056
3.432
1.918
206.900
Within the range of 7.5
6.460
4.694
.757
.908
5.047
.606
1.009
6.410
2.776
.858
4.593
3.079
16.150
12.820
4.239
100.400
3.079
1.464
1.110
98.420
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4250
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
(d) Tin Hydroxide Wash BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of tin hydroxide washed
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Coppe r
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
34.310
24.980
4.064
5.259
22.710
3.466
5.020
22.950
14.700
4.901
24.500
17.450
76.860
66.340
21.990
418.400
14.340
8.128
4.542
490.100
Within the range of 7 . 5
15.300
11.120
1.793
2.152
11.950
1.434
2.391
15.180
6.574
2.032
10.880
7.291
38.250
30.360
10.040
237.900
7.291
3.466
2.630
233.100
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4251
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
(e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
rag/kg (Ib/million Ibsj ofcathode tin produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Pluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
48.220
35.110
5.712
7.392
31.920
4.872
7.056
32.260
20.660
6.888
34.440
24.530
108.000
93.240
30.910
588.000
20.160
11.420
6.384
688.800
the range of 7.5
21.500
15.620
2.520
3.024
16.800
2.016
3.360
21.340
9.240
2.856
15.290
10.250
53.760
42.670
14.110
334.300
10.250
4.872
3.696
327.600
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4252
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGQRY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
) Spent ELectrowinning Solutions from
Municipal Solid Waste BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap
" used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
0.342
0.249
0.041
0.052
0.226
0,035
0.050
0.228
0.146
0.049
0.244
0.174
0.765
0.660
0.219
4.165
0.143
0.081
0.045
4.879
the range of 7.5
0.152
0.111
0.018
0.021
0.119
0.014
0.024
0.151
0.066
0.020
0.108
0.073
0.381
0.302
0.100
2.368
0.073
0.035
0.026
2.321
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4253
-------
SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY
SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN !SUBCATEGORY
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal
recovered from scrap
159.700
116.300
18.920
24.480
105.700
16.140
23.370
106.800
68.440
22.810
114.100
81.230
357.800
308.800
102.400
1,947.000
66.770
37.840
21.140
2,281.000
Within the range of 7
71.220
51.750
8.346
10.020
55.640
6.677
11.130
70.660
30.600
9.459
50.630
33.940
178.000
141.300
46.740
1,107.000
33.940
16.140
12.240
1,085.000
5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4254
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SDBCATEGORY
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from
Plating Solutions and Sludges BPT
Pollutant orMaximum forMaximumfor
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million IDS) of tin metal
recovered f.rom plating solutions and sludges
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
330.100
240.400
39.100
50.600
218.500
33.350
48.300
220.800
141.500
47.150
235.800
167.900
739.500
638.300
211.600
4,025.000
138.000
78.200
43.700
4,715.000
the range of 7.5
147.200
107.000
17.250
20.700
115.000
13.800
23.000
146.100
63.250
19.550
104.700
70.150
368.000
292.100
96.600
2,289.000
70.150
33.350
25.300
2,243.000
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4255
-------
SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGQRY
SECT - IX
TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Pluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
71.880
52.340
8.515
11.020
47.580
7.263
10.520
48.080
30.800
10.270
51.340
36.560
161.000
139.000
46.080
876.500
30.050
17.030
9.517
1,027.000
Within the range of 7.5 to
32.060
23.290
3.757
4.508
25.040
3.005
5.009
31.810
13.770
4.257
22.790
15.280
80.140
63.610
21.040
498.400
15.280
7.263
5.510
488.400
10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
4256
-------
Ul
Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
Solutions ana Sludged
Ut*aiui9inlxing Rinse
Tin Hud Ac til Jteut raJ izat Ion Filtrate
Spent Electrouinnlng Solution tin*
H»u Si!rap
Spent Electrowinolng Solution froin
Hunictpal Solid Waste
Tin Hydroxide Supetnaunt tron Scrap
Tin llyurunidg FUtmtt
Chealcai
Addition
UldcturKC
w
o
o
Cfl
§
o
s
w
Q
O
tfl
o
Figure IX-1
BPT TREATMENT SCHEME FOE OPTION A
-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - IX
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4258
-------
SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY SECT - X
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
These effluent limitations are based on the best control and
treatment technology used by a specific point source within
the industrial category or subcategory, or by another
industry where it is readily transferable. Emphasis is
placed on additional treatment techniques applied at the
end of the treatment systems currently used, as well as reduction
of the amount of water used and discharged, process
control, and treatment technology optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and the costs of application of such technology At a
minimum BAT technology represents the best available technology
at plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or other
characteristics. BAT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category and may include feasible process
changes or internal controls, even when not in common industry
practice.
The statutory assessment of BAT considers costs, but does not
require a balancing of costs against effluent reduction benefits
However, in assessing the proposed and promulgated BAT, the
Agency has given substantial weight to the economic achievability
of the selected technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed a wide range of technology options and
evaluated the available possibilities to ensure that the most
effective and beneficial technologies were used as the basis of
BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency elected to examine two
technology options which could be applied to the secondary
tin subcategory as treatment options for the basis of BAT
effluent limitations.
For the development of BAT effluent limitations, mass loadings
were calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory using the same technical approach as described in
Section IX for BPT limitations development. The differences in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness achievable with the more sophisticated BAT
treatment technology.
In summary the treatment technologies considered for BAT are
presented below:
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SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - X
Option A (Figure X-l, page 4279) is based on
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Option C (Figure X-2, page 4280) is based on
o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration
The two options examined for BAT are discussed in greater detail
below. The first option considered is the same as the BPT
treatment which was presented in the previous section. The
latter option represents substantial progress toward the
prevention of polluting the environment above and beyond the
progress achievable by BPT.
OPTION A
Option A for the secondary tin subcategory is equivalent
to the control and treatment technologies which were analyzed
for BPT in Section IX. The BPT end-of-pipe treatment scheme
includes chemical precipitation and sedimentation, wit