United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
           Office of Water Regulations
           and Standards (WH-552)
           Industrial Technology Division
           Washington, DC 20460
EPA 440/1-89-019.7
May 1989
                       NAI
Development        FIN/
Document for
Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and
Standards for the
Nonferrous Metals
Manufacturing
Point Source
Category

Volume VII
Primary Beryllium
Primary Nickel and Cobalt
Secondary Nickel
Secondary Tin
                        Printed on Recycled Paper

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                  ORGANIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

This development document for the nonferrous metals manufacturing
category  consists  of  a  general  development  document   which
considers  the general and overall aspects of the regulation  and
31  subcategory specific supplements. These parts  are  organized
into 10 volumes as listed below.

The information in the general document and in the supplements is
organized  by sections with the same type of information reported
in  the same section of each part.  Hence to find information  on
any  specific aspect of the category one would need only look  in
the  same  section  of  the general  document  and  the  specific
supplements of interest.

The ten volumes contain contain the following subjects:
   Volume I

   Volume II



   Volume III




   Volume IV




   Volume V




   Volume VI




   Volume VII
General Development Document

Bauxite Refining
Primary Aluminum Smelting
Secondary Aluminum Smelting

Primary Copper Smelting
Primary Electrolytic Copper Refining
Secondary Copper Refining
Metallurgical Acid Plants

Primary Zinc
Primary Lead
Secondary Lead
Primary Antimony

Primary Precious Metals and Mercury
Secondary Precious Metals
Secondary Silver
Secondary Mercury

Primary Tungsten
Secondary Tungsten and Cobalt
Primary Molybdenum and Rhenium
Secondary Molybdenum and Vanadium

Primary Beryllium
Primary Nickel and Cobalt
Secondary Nickel
Secondary Tin
   Volume VIII Primary Columbium and Tantalum
               Secondary Tantalum
               Secondary Uranium

   Volume IX   Primary and Secondary Titanium
               Primary Zirconium and Hafnium

   Volume X    Primary and Secondary Germanium and Gallium
               Primary Rare Earth Metals
               Secondary Indium

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                DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT

                         for

    EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS

                       for the

NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY

                     VOLUME VII

                  Primary Beryllium
              Primary Nickel and Cobalt
                  Secondary Nickel
                    Secondary Tin

                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                Rebecca Hanmer, Acting
          Assistant Administrator for Water
              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and Standards
            Thomas P.  O'Farrell,  Director
           Industrial  Technology  Division
             Ernst P.  Hall,  P.E.,  Chief
               Metals  Industry Branch
                         and
              Technical Project Officer
                     May 1989
        U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                   Office of Water
      Office  of Water Regulations and Standards
           Industrial Technology Division
              Washington, D. C.   20460

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11

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS




Supplement                                        Page


Primary Beryllium                                      3605


Primary Nickel and Cobalt                              3819


Secondary Nickel                                       3933


Secondary Tin                                          4019
For detailed contents see detailed contents list in
individual supplement.
                               111

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IV

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NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY


           DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT


                       for the


            Primary Beryllium Subcategory
                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                   Rebecca Hanmer
      Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and.Standards
            Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
           Industrial Technology Division
             Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
               Metals Industry Branch
                         and
              Technical Project Officer
                     May 1989
        U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                   Office of Water
      Office  of Water Regulations and Standards
           Industrial Technology Division
              Washington, D. C.  20460
                         3605

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3606

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


                        TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

I         SUMMARY

II        CONCLUSIONS

III       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE

          Description of Primary Beryllium Production      3641
          Raw Materials                                    3641
          Production of Beryllium Hydroxide                3642
          Beryllium Oxide Production                       3643
          Beryllium Metal Production                       3643
          Process Wastewater Sources                       3644
          Other Wastewater Sources                         3645
          Age, Production, and Process Profile             3645

IV        SUBCATEGORIZATION                                3651

          Factors Considered in Subdividing the Primary    3651
            Beryllium Subcategory
          Other Factors                                    3652
          Production Normalizing Parameters                3652

V         WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS         3655

          Wastewater Flow Rates                            3656
          Wastewater Characteristics Data                  3656
          Data Collection Portfolios                       3657
          Field Sampling Data                              3657
          Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by          3658
            Subdivision
          Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore3658
          Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore      3659
          Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate                     3659
          Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate                     3659
          Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet Air        3660
            Pollution Control
          Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant                  3660
          Process Water                                    3660
          Fluoride Furnace Scrubber                        3661
          Chip Treatment Wastewater                        3661
          Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air         3662
            Pollution Control
          Additional Building Blocks                       3662
                               3607

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)

Section

VI        SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

          Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant
            Parameters
          Conventional Pollutant Parameters Selected       3729
          Toxic Priority Pollutants                        3730
          Toxic Pollutants Never Detected                  3731
          Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their         3731
            Analytical Quantification Concentration
          Toxic Pollutants Present Below Concentrations    3731
            Achievable by Treatment
          Toxic Pollutants Detected in a Small Number      3731
            of Sources
          Toxic Pollutants Selected for Further            3737
            Consideration in Limitations and Standards

VII       CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES               3745

          Current Control and Treatment Practices          3745
          Beryllium Hydroxide Production                   3745
          Beryllium Oxide and Beryllium Metal Production   3746
            from Beryllium Hydroxide
          Control and Treatment Options                    3746
          Option A                                         3746
          Option C                                         3746

VIII      COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS      3749

          Treatment Options for Existing Sources           3749
          Option A                                         3749
          Option C                                         3749
          Cost Methodology                                 3749
          Nonwater Quality Aspects                         3749
          Energy Requirements                              3750
          Solid Waste                                      3750
          Air Pollution                                    3651
                               3608

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Section
                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
IX        BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY    3753
          AVAILABLE

          Technical Approach to BPT                        3753
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    3755
          BPT Option Selection — Proposal                 3755
          BPT Option Selection — Promulgation             3756
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       3757
          Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore3758
          Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore      3758
          Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate                     3758
          Beryllium .Hydroxide Filtrate                     3758
          Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet Air        3759
            Pollution Control
          Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant                  3759
          Process Water                                    3759
          Fluoride Furnace Scrubber                        3759
          Chip Treatment Wastewater            •            3760
          Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air         3761
            Pollution Control
          Additional Building Blocks                       3761
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3761
          Effluent Limitations                             3762

X         BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY           3775
          ACHIEVABLE

          Technical Approach to BAT                        3775
          Option A                                         3776
          Option C                                         3776
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    3776
          Pollutant Removal Estimates                      3776
          Compliance Costs                                 3777
          BAT Option Selection - Proposal                  3778
          BAT Option Selection - Promulgation              3778
          Final Amendments to the Regulation               3778
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       3779
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3779
          Effluent Limitations                             3780

XI        NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                 3793

          Technical Approach to NSPS                       3793
          NSPS Option Selection - Proposal                 3793
          NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation             3794
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3794
          New Source Performance Standards                 3794
                               3609

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section

XII       PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

          Technical Approach to Pretreatment               3805
          Pretreatment Standards for New Sources           3805
          PSNS Option Selection - Proposal                 3806
          PSNS Option Selection - Promulgation             3806
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3806
          Pretreatment Standards for New Sources           3807

XIII      BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY   3817
                               3610

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SOBCATEGORI


                         LIST OF TABLES

Table                  Title                               Page

V-l       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Solvent        3663
          Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore
¥-2       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Solvent        3663
          Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore

V-3       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Beryllium      3663
          Carbonate Filtrate

V-4       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Beryllium      3664
          Hydroxide Filtrate

V-5       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Beryllium      3664
          Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet Air Pollution Control

V-6       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Beryllium      3664
          Hydroxide Supernatant

V-7       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Process Water  3665

V-8       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Fluoride       3665
          Furnace Scrubber

V-9       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Chip Treatment 3665
          Wastewater

V-1Q      Water Use and Discharge Rates for Beryllium      3666
          Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air Pollution Control

V-ll      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Beryllium        366?
          Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet Air Pollution
          Control Raw Wastewater

V-12      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Beryllium        3672
          Hydroxide Supernatant Raw Wastewater

V-13      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Process Water    3676
          Raw Wastewater

V-14      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Pebble Plant     3691
          Area Vent Scrubber Raw Wastewater
                               3611

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SOBCATEGORY


                   LIST OP TABLES (Continued)

Table                    Title                             Page

V-15      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Chip Treatment   3696
          Raw Wastewater

V-16      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Triangular       3700
          Lagoon Effluent

V—17      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Number 6 Lagoon  3705
          Effluent

V-18      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Lime             3715
          Tank Effluent

V-19      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Stripper         3719
          Effluent

V-20      Primary Beryllium Sampling Data Number 5 Lagoon  3723

VI-1      Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants   3739
          Primary Beryllium Subcategory Raw Wastewater

VI-2      Toxic Pollutants Never Protected                 3742

VI-3      Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their         3744
          Analytical Quantification Concentration

¥111-1    Cost of Compliance for the Primary Beryllium     3752
          Subcategory Direct Dischargers

IX-1      BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary   3763
          Beryllium Subcategory

IX-2      BPT Mass Limitations for the Primary Beryllium   3765
          Subcategory

X-l       Pollutant Removal Estimates Primary Beryllium    3781
          Subcategory

X-2       Cost of Compliance for the Primary Beryllium     3782
          Subcategory Direct Dischargers

X-3       BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary   3782
          Beryllium Subcategory

X-4       BAT Mass Limitations for the Primary Beryllium   3785
          Subcategory
                               3612

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Table                     Title                            Page

XI-1      NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary  3796
          Beryllium Subcategory

XI-2      NSPS for the Primary Beryllium Subcategory       3798

XII-1     PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary  3808
          Beryllium Subcategory

XII-2     PSNS for the Primary Beryllium Subcategory       3810
                               3613

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                 PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


                         LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No.               Title                             Page

III-l     Beryllium Hydroxide Production Process           3646

III-2     Beryllium Oxide Production Process               3647

III-3     Beryllium Metal Production Process               3648

III—4     Geographic Locations of the Primary Beryllium    3649
          Subcategory Plants

V-l       Sampling Locations at Beryllium Plant A -        3727
          Beryllium Oxide Production Area

V-2       Sampling Locations at Beryllium Plant A -        3728
          Beryllium Metal Production Area

IX-1      Treatment Scheme                                 3773

X-l       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A                3791

X-2       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C                3792
                               3614

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - I



                            SECTION I

                             SUMMARY

This  document  provides  the technical  basis  for  promulgating
effluent  limitations based on best practicable technology  (BPT)
and  best available technology economically achievable (BAT)  for
existing  direct  dischargers,  pretreatment  standards  for  new
indirect dischargers (PSNS), and standards of performance for new
source direct dischargers (NSPS).

The primary beryllium subcategory consists of three plants.   One
discharges  directly to a river or stream, and two  achieve  zero
discharge of process wastewater.

EPA first studied the primary beryllium subcategory to  determine
whether   differences   in   raw   materials,   final   products,
manufacturing  processes, equipment, age and size of plants,  and
water  usage  required  the  development  of  separate   effluent
limitations   and  standards  for  different  segments   of   the
subcategory.   This  involved a detailed analysis  of  wastewater
discharge  and  treated effluent characteristics,  including  the
sources  and  volumes  of water used,  the  processes  used,  the
sources  of  pollutants  and wastewaters in the  plant,  and  the
constituents of wastewaters  including priority pollutants.  As a
result,  16 subdivisions or building blocks have been  identified
for this subcategory that warrant separate effluent  limitations.
These include:

     a  Solvent extraction raffinate from bertrandite ore,
     b  Solvent extraction raffinate from beryl ore,
     c  Beryllium carbonate filtrate,
     d  Beryllium hydroxide filtrate,
     f  Beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution
        control,
     g  Beryllium hydroxide supernatant,
     h  Process water,
     i  Fluoride furnace scrubber,
     j  Chip treatment  wastewater,
     k  Beryllium pebble plant area vent wet air pollution
        control,
     1  Beryl ore gangue dewatering,
     m  Bertrandite ore gangue dewatering,
     n  Beryl ore processing,
     o  AIS area wastewater,
     p  Bertrandite ore leaching scrubber, and
     q  Bertrandite ore counter current decantation scrubber.


EPA  also  identified  several  distinct  control  and  treatment
technologies  (both  in-plant  and end-of-pipe) applicable to  the
primary   beryllium  subcategory.    The  Agency  analyzed   both
historical  and newly generated data on the performance of  these
technologies,  including  their  nonwater  quality  environmental


                               3615

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - I


 impacts  and  air quality,  solid waste  generation,  and  energy
 requirements.  EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
 reported  in  the  data collection  portfolios  (dcp)  and  plant
 visits.

 Engineering,  costs were prepared for each plant for each  of  the
 control  and  treatment options considered for  the  subcategory.
 These  costs were then used by the Agency to estimate the  impact
 of  implementing the various options in the subcategory.  For each
 control  and  treatment option that the Agency found to  be  most
 effective  and technically feasible in controlling the  discharge
 of  pollutants,  the  number of  potential  closures,  number  of
 employees  affected,  and impact on  price  were estimated. These
 results  are reported in a separate document  entitled  "Economic
 Impact  Analysis  of Effluent Limitations and Standards  for  the
 Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."

 After  examining  treatment  technology  being  operated  in  the
 subcategory,   the  Agency  has  identified  promulgated  BPT  as
 pollutant   removal   based   on   chemical   precipitation   and
 sedimentation technology, and ammonia steam stripping and cyanide
 precipitation  pretreatment for selected waste streams.   To meet
 the  BPT  effluent  limitations based  on  this  technology,  the
 primary  beryllium  subcategory is estimated to incur  a  capital
 cost of $226,500 and an annual cost of $251,200.

 For  BAT,  the Agency has built upon the BPT technology basis  by
 adding  filtration as an effluent polishing step to  the  end-of-
 pipe  treatment  scheme.   To meet the BAT  effluent  limitations
 based  on this technology,  the primary beryllium subcategory  is
 estimated  to incur a capital cost of $256,200 and an annual cost
 of $265,600.

 NSPS and PSNS are equivalent to BAT.  In selecting NSPS and PSNS,
 EPA recognizes that new plants have the opportunity to  implement
 the best and most efficient manufacturing processes and treatment
 technology.    However,  no such processes or treatment technology
were  considered to meet the NSPS or PSNS  criteria.    Therefore,
 the  technology  basis  of BAT has been determined  as  the  best
demonstrated technology.

The  best  conventional  technology (BCT) replaces  BAT  for  the
control of conventional pollutants.  BCT is not being promulgated
because the methodology for BCT has not yet been finalized.

The mass limitations and standards for BPT,  BAT,   NSPS,  and PSNS
are presented in Section II.
                               3616

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT -  II



                           SECTION II

                           CONCLUSIONS

EPA  has  divided  the  primary  beryllium  subcategory  into  16
subdivisions   for  the  purpose  of  effluent  limitations   and
standards.  These subdivisions are:

     (a)  Solvent extraction raffinate from bertrandite ore,
     (b)  Solvent extraction raffinate from beryl ore,
     (c)  Beryllium carbonate filtrate,
     (d)  Beryllium hydroxide filtrate,
     (e)  Beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air
         pollution control,
     (f)  Beryllium hydroxide supernatant,
     (g)  Process water,
     (h)  Fluoride furnace scrubber,
     (i)  Chip treatment wastewater,
     (j)  Beryllium pebble plant area vent wet air pollution
         control.
     (k) Beryl ore gangue dewatering,
     (1) Bertrandite ore gangue dewatering,
     (m) Beryl ore processing,
     (n) AIS area wastewater,
     (o) Bertrandite ore leaching scrubber, and
     (p) Bertrandite ore counter current decantation scrubber.


BPT  is  promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application of ammonia steam stripping and cyanide  precipitation
pretreatment  for selected .waste streams, followed by    chemical
precipitation  and sedimentation (lime and settle)    technology.
The following BPT effluent limitations are   promulgated:

(a)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property   Any One Day    .  Monthly Average


     nig/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate produced
                from bertrandite ore as beryllium

Beryllium             2,763.000          1,235.000
Chromium (Total)         988.200            404.300
Copper                4,267.000          2,246.000
Cyanide (Total)          651.300            269.500
Ammonia (as N)       299,400.000        131,600.000
Fluoride             78,610.000         44,700.000
TSS                  92,090.000         43,800.000
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0  at all times
                               3617

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


(b)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate produced
                   from beryl ore as beryllium

Beryllium                   270.600            121.000
Chromium (Total)             96.800             39.600
Copper                      418.000            22O.OOO
Cyanide (Total)              63.800             26.400
Ammonia (as N)           29,330.000         12,890.000
Fluoride                  7,700.000          4,378.000
TSS                       9,020.000          4,290.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(c)  Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                          as beryllium

Beryllium                   263.800            118.000
Chromium (Total)             94.380             38.610
Copper  '                    407.600            214.500
Cyanide (Total)              62.210             25.740
Ammonia (as N)           28,590.000         12,570.000
Fluoride                  7,508.000          4,269.000
TSS                       8,795.000          4,183.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(d)  Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced
                          as beryllium
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
167.280
59.840
258.400
39.440
18,128.800
4,760.000
5,576.000
Within the range of 7
(e) Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace
74.800
24.480
136.000
16.320
7,969.600
2,652.000
2,652.000
.5 to 10.0 at all
Wet Air Pollution







times

    Control BPT
                               3618

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
       nig/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium oxide produced
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
            324.400
            116.000
            501.000
             76.470
         35,150.000
          9,230.000
         10,810.000
        145.000
         47.470
        263.700
         31.640
     15,450.000
      5,248.000
      5,142.000
Within the range of 7,5 to 10.0 at all times
 (f)  Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant   BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced
              from scrap and residues as beryllium
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
            282.900
            101.200
            437.000
             66.700
         30,660.000
        160,300.000
          9,430.000
        126.500
         41.400
        230.000
         27.600
     13,480.000
     71,200.000
      4,485.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g)  Process Water
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
      mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
            215.000
             76.91Q
            332.100
             50.690
         23,300.000
          6,118.000
          7,167.000
       96.140
       31.460
      174.800
       20.980
   10,240.000
    3,479.000
    3,409.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3619

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              PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SUBCATEGORY    SECT  -  II
 (h)   Fluoride  Furnace  Scrubber    BPT
 Pollutant  or            Maximum  for       Maximum  for
 Pollutant  Property      Any  One  Day     Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)  of beryllium pebbles produced

 Beryllium                     0.000               0.000
 Chromium  (Total)              0.000               0.000
 Copper                        0.000               0.000
 Cyanide  (Total)               0.000               0.000
 Ammonia  (as N)                0.000               0.000
 Fluoride                      0.000               0.000
 TSS                           0.000               0.000
 pH              Within  the  range of  7.5  to  10.0 at all  times


           Treatment Wastewater   BPT

 Pollutant  orMaximum  forMaximum  for
 Pollutant  Property      Any  One  Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million  Ibs) of  beryllium scrap chips treated

 Beryllium                     9.533               4.263
 Chromium (Total)              3.410               1.395
 Copper                        14.730               7.750
 Cyanide (Total)               2.248               0.930
 Ammonia (as N)            1,033.000            454.200
 Fluoride                    271.300             154.200
 TSS                         317.800             151.100
 pH              Within  the  range of  7.5  to  10.0 at all  times


 (j)  Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air Pollution
     Control  BPT

 Pollutant  orMaximum  forMaximum  for
 Pollutant  Property      Any One  Day     Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million  Ibs)  of  beryllium pebbles produced

 Beryllium                     0.000               0.000
 Chromium (Total)              0.000               0.000
 Copper                        0.000               0.000
 Cyanide (Total)               0.000               0.000
Ammonia (as N)                0.000               0.000
 Fluoride                      0.000               0.000
 TSS                           0.000               0.000
 pH              Within  the range of  7.5  to  10.0 at all  times
                               3620

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


 (k)  Beryl Ore Gangue Dewatering  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                  1.283            0.574
Chromium (Total)           0.459            0.188
Copper                     1.982            1.043
Cyanide (Total)            0.302            0.125
Ammonia (as N)           139.032           61.120
Fluoride                  36.505           20.756
TSS                       42.763           20.339
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (1)  Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

   mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of bertrandite processed

Beryllium                3.279              1.466
Chromium (Total)         1.173              0.480
Copper                   5.064              2.665
Cyanide (Total)          0.773              0.320
Ammonia (as N)         355.245            156.169
Fluoride                93.275             53.034
TSS                    109^265             51.968
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (m)  Beryl Ore Processing  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for~~
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                8.983                4.017
Chromium (Total)         3.213                1.315
Copper                  13.876                7.303
Cyanide (Total)          2.118                0.876
Ammonia (as N)         973.490              427.956
Fluoride               255.605              145.330
TSS                    299.423              142.409
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3621

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                             SECT - II
(n)  Aluminum Iron Sludge  (AIS) Area Wastewater  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
      mg/kg  (pounds per million pounds) of total beryllium
                 carbonate produced as beryllium
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
         575.640
         205.920
         889.200
         135.720
      62,384.400
      16,380.000
      19,188.000
   247.400
    84.240
   468.000
    56.160
27,424.800
 9,313.200
 9,126.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o)  Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  BPT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
                    mg/kg of bertrandite ore
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
1.859
0.665
2.871
0.438
201.416
52.885
61.951
pH Within the range of
(p) Bertrandite Ore
(CCD) Scrubber
Countercurrent
BPT
0.831
0.272
1.511
0.181
88.545
30.069
29.465
7.5 to 10.0 at all times
and Decantation

Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
         0.124
         0.044
         0.192
         0.029
        13.463
         3.535
         4.141
     0.056
     0.018
       101
     0.012
     5.919
       010
       970
0
2
1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3622

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


BAT  is  promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application of ammonia steam stripping and cyanide  precipitation
pretreatment  for  selected waste streams, followed  by  chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation, and multimedia  filtration  (lime,
settle,  and  filter)  technology.  The  following  BAT  effluent
limitations are promulgated:

(a)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore  BAT

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                from bertrandite ore as beryllium

Beryllium                1,842.000          831.000
Chromium (Total)           831.000          336.900
Copper                   2,875.000        1,370.000
Cyanide (Total)            449.200          179.700
Ammonia (as N)         299,400.000      131,600.000
Fluoride                78,610.000       44,700.000


(b)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                   from beryl ore as beryllium

Beryllium                   180.400             81.400
Chromium (Total)             81.400             33.000
Copper                      281.600            134.200
Cyanide (Total)              44.000             17.600
Ammonia (as N)           29,330.000         12,890.000
Fluoride                  7,700.000          4,378.000


(c)  Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate  BAT

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                          as beryllium

Beryllium                   175.900             79.370
Chromium (Total)             79.370             32.180
Copper                      274.600            130.800
Cyanide (Total)              42.900             17.160
Ammonia (as N)           28,590.000         12,570.000
Fluoride                  7,508.000          4.269.000
                               3623

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II
 (d)  Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  BAT

 Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

          mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide
                      produced as beryllium
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
(e) Beryllium Oxide
111.520
50.320
174.080
27.200
18,128.800
4,760.000
Calcining Furnace
50.320
20.400
82.960
10.880
7,969.600
2,706.400
Wet Air Pollution
Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

       mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium oxide produced

Beryllium                   216 200             97.570
Chromium (Total)             97.570             39.560
Copper                      337.500            160.900
Cyanide (Total)              52.740             21.100
Ammonia (as N)           35,150.000         15,450.000
Fluoride                  9,230.000          5,248.000
(f)  Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant  BAT

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced
              from scrap and residues as beryllium

Beryllium                   188.600             85.100
Chromium (Total)             85.100             34.500
Copper                      294.400            140.300
Cyanide (Total)              46.000             18.400
Ammonia (as N)           30,660.000         13,480.000
Fluoride                160,300.000         71,200.000
                               3624

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


 (g)  Process Water

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property      Any One Day       Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium pebbles produced

 Beryllium                 143.300             64.680
 Chromium (Total)           64.680             26.220
 Copper                    223.700            106.600
 Cyanide (Total)            34.960             13.980
 Ammonia (as N)         23,300.000         10,240.000
 Fluoride                6,118.000          3,479.000


 (h)  Fluoride Furnace Scrubber  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
of beryllium
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
pebbles produced
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(i) Chip Treatment Wastewater BAT

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium scrap chips treated

Beryllium                     6.355              2.868
Chromium (Total)              2.868              1.163
Copper                        9.920              4.728
Cyanide (Total)               1.550              0.62O
Ammonia (as N)            1,033.000            454.200
Fluoride                    271.300            154.200
                               3625

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


(j)  Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air Pollution
     Control  BAT

Pollutant forMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced

Beryllium                     0.000              0.000
Chromium (Total)              0.000              0.000
Copper                        0.000              0.000
Cyanide (Total)               0.000              0.000
Ammonia (as N)                0.000              0.000
Fluoride                      0.000              0.000


(k)   Beryl Ore Gangue Dewatering  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                 0.855              0.386
Chromium (Total)          0.386              0.156
Copper                    1.335              0.636
Cyanide (Total)           0.209              0.083
Ammonia (as N)          139.032             61.120
Fluoride                 36.505             20.756


(1)  Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                  2.185             0.986
Chromium (Total)           0.986             0.400
Copper                     3.411             1.626
Cyanide (Total)            0.533             0.213
Ammonia (as N)           355.245           156.169
Fluoride                  93.275            53.034
                               3626

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


 (m)  Beryl Ore Processing  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

    mg/kg (pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

 Beryllium                 5.988              2.702
 Chromium (Total)          2.702              1.095
 Copper                    9.348              4.455
 Cyanide (Total)           1.461              0.584
 Ammonia (as N)          973.490            427.956
 Fluoride                255.605            145.330


 (n)  Aluminum Iron Sludge (AIS) Area Wastewater  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds) of total beryllium carbonate
                      produced as beryllium

 Beryllium                 383.760           173.160
 Chromium (Total)          173.160            70.200
 Copper                    599.040           285.480
 Cyanide (Total)            93.600            37.440
 Ammonia (as N)         62,384.400        27,424.800
 Fluoride               16,380.000         9,313.200


 (o)  Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed

 Beryllium                 1.239               0.559
 Chromium (Total)          0.559               0.227
 Copper                    1.934               0.922
 Cyanide (Total)           0.302               0.121
Ammonia (as N)          201.416              88.545
 Fluoride                 52.885              30.069
                               3627

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                      SECT - II
(P)  Bertrandite Ore CPU ntercur_ren t and Decantation
     (CCD) Scrubber  BAT
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
Maximum for
Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
0.083
0.037
0.129
0.020
13.463
3.535
0.037
0.015
0.062
0.008
5.919
2.010
NSPS  is promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application of ammonia steam stripping and cyanide  precipitation
pretreatment  for  selected waste streams, followed  by  chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation, and multimedia  filtration  (lime,
settle, and filter) technology. The following effluent  standards
are promulgated for new sources:
                               3628

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGQRY   SECT - II
(a)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore  NSPS

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     ^g^kg(ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonateproduced
                from bertrandite ore as beryllium

Beryllium                 1,842.000            831.000
Chromium (Total)            831.000            336.900
Copper                    2,875.000          1,370.000
Cyanide (Total)             449.200            179.700
Ammonia (as N)          299,400.000        131,600.000
Fluoride                 78,610.000         44,700.000
TSS                      33,690.000         26,950.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3629

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


 (b)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore  NSPS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                   from beryl ore as beryllium

 Beryllium                180.400               81.400
 Chromium (Total)          81.400               33.000
 Copper                   281.600              134.200
 Cyanide (Total)           44.000               17.600
 Ammonia (as N)        29,330.000           12,890.000
 Fluoride               7,700.000            4,378.000
 TSS                    3,300.000            2,640.000
 pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (c)  Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate  NSPS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                          as beryllium

 Beryllium                   175.900             79.370
 Chromium (Total)             79.370             32.180
 Copper                      274.600            130.800
 Cyanide (Total)              42.900             17.160
Ammonia (as N)           28,590.000         12,570.000
 Fluoride                  7,508.000          4,269.000
 TSS                       3,218.000          2,574.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (d)  Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium hydroxide produced as beryllium

Beryllium                111.520           50.320
Chromium (-Total)          50.320           20.400
Copper                   174.080           82.960
Cyanide (Total)           27.200           10.880
Ammonia (as N)        18,128.800        7,969.600
Fluoride               4,760.000        2,706.400
TSS                    2,040.000        1,632.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3630

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II
 (e)  Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet Air Pollution
     Control  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
Ibs) of beryllium
216.200
97.570
337.500
52.740
35,150.000
9,230.000
3,956.000
pH Within the range of 7.5 to
oxide produced
97.570
39.560
160.900
21.100
15,450.000
5,248.000
3,164.000
10.0 at all times
(f)  Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
  Maximum for
Monthly Average
     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced
              from scrap and residues as beryllium
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
            188.600
             85.10Q
            294.400
             46.000
         30,660.000
        160,300.000
          3,450.000
         85.100
         34.500
        140.300
         18.400
     13,480.000
     71,200.000
      2,760.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g)  Process Water  NSPS
Pollutant or
Pollutant Property
       Maximum for
       Any One Day
   Maximum for
Monthly Average
      mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH
            143.300
             64.68Q
            223.700
             34.960
         23,300.000
          6,118.000
          2,622.000
         64.680
         26.220
        106.600
         13.980
     10,240.000
      3,479.000
      2,098.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3631

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II
 (h)  Fluoride Furnace Scrubber  NSPS
Pollutant or           Maximum for        Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium pebbles produced

Beryllium                     0.000              0.000
Chromium (Total)              0.000              0.000
Copper                        0.000              0.000
Cyanide (Total)               0.000              0.000
Ammonia (as N)                0.000              0.000
Fluoride                      0.000              0.000
TSS                           0.000              0.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


         Treatment Wastewater  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)ofberyllium scrap chipstreated

Beryllium                     6.355              2.868
Chromium (Total)              2.868              1.163
Copper                        9.920              4.728
Cyanide (Total)               1.550              0.620
Ammonia (as N)            1,033.000            454.200
Fluoride                    271.300            154.200
TSS                         116.300             93.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(j)  Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air Pollution
     Control  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

      ^g^kg^ib/million Ibs)of beryllium pebbles produced

Beryllium                     0.000              0.000
Chromium (Total)              0.000              0.000
Copper                        0.000              0.000
Cyanide (Total)               0.000              0.000
Ammonia (as N)                0.000              0.000
Fluoride                      0.000              0.000
TSS                           0.000              0.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times

(k)Beryl Ore Gangue DewateringNSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average
                               3632

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II
    mg/kg  (pounds per million pounds) of beryl ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
TSS
pH Within
0.855
0.386
1.335
0.209
139.032
36.505
15.645
the range of 7.5
0.386
0.156
0.636
0.083
61.120
20.756
12.516
to 10.0 at all







times
 (1)  Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                   2.185              0.986
Chromium (Total)            0.986              0.400
Copper                      3.411              1.626
Cyanide (Total)             0.533              0.213
Ammonia (as N)            355.245            156.169
Fluoride                   93.275             53.034
TSS                        39.975             31.980
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (m)  Beryl Ore Processing  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                   5.988             2.702
Chromium (Total)            2.702             1.095
Copper                      9.348             4.455
Cyanide (Total)             1.461             0.584
Ammonia (as N)            973.490           427.956
Fluoride                  255.605           145.330
TSS                       109.545            87.636
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3633

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


(n)  Aluminum Iron Sludge (AIS) Area Wastewater  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of total beryllium carbonate
                      produced as beryllium

Beryllium                 383.760            173.160
Chromium (Total)          173.160             70.200
Copper                    599.040            285.480
Cyanide (Total)            93.600             37.440
Ammonia (as N)          62384.400          27424.800
Fluoride                16380.000           9313.200
TSS                      7020.000           5616.000
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(o)  Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                 1.239                0.559
Chromium (Total)          0.559                0.227
Copper                    1.934                0.922
Cyanide (Total)           0.302                0.121
Ammonia (as N)          201.416               88.545
Fluoride                 52.885               30.069
TSS                      22.665               18.132
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(p) Bertrandite Ore Countercurrent and Decantation
    (CCD) Scrubber  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                 0.083                0.037
Chromium (Total)          0.037                0.015
Copper                    0.129                0.062
Cyanide (Total)           0.020                0.008
Ammonia (as N)           13.463                5.919
Fluoride                  3.535                2.010
TSS                   '    1.515                1.212
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3634

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


EPA  is  not  promulgating pretreatment  standards  for  existing
sources  (PSES) for the primary beryllium subcategory.

PSNS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application of ammonia steam stripping and cyanide  precipitation
pretreatment  for  selected waste streams, followed  by  chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation, and multimedia  filtration   (lime,
settle,  and  filter)  technology.  The  following   pretreatment
standards are promulgated for new sources:

(a)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore  PSNS

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                from bertrandite ore as beryllium

Beryllium                 1,842.000            831.000
Chromium (Total)            831.OQO            336.900
Copper                    2,875.000          1,370.000
Cyanide  (Total)             449.200            179.700
Ammonia  (as N)          299,400.000        131,600.000
Fluoride                 78,610.000         44,700.000


(b)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate produced
                   from beryl ore as beryllium

Beryllium                   180.000             81.000
Chromium (Total)             81.400             33.000
Copper                      281.600            134.200
Cyanide  (Total)              44.000             17.600
Ammonia  (as N)           29,330.000         12,890.000
Fluoride                  7,700.000          4,378.000
                               3635

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SDBCATEGORY   SECT - II
 (c)  Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate  PSNS

 Pollutant or'MaximumforMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/mi 1lion Ibs)of beryllium carbonate produced
                          as beryllium

 Beryllium                   175.900             79.370
 Chromium (Total)             79.370             32.180
 Copper                      274.600            130.800
 Cyanide (Total)              42.900             17.160
 Ammonia (as N)           28,590.000         12,570.000
 Fluoride                  7,508.000          4,269.000
 (d)  Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  PSNS

Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/mi11ion Ibs)ofberyllium hydroxide produced
                          as beryllium

Beryllium                111.520            50.320
Chromium (Total)          50.320            20.400
Copper                   174.080            82.960
Cyanide (Total)           27.200            10.880
Ammonia (as N)        18,128.800         7,969.600
Fluoride               4,760.000         2,706.400
(e)  Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet Air Pollution
     Control  PSNS

PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium oxideproduced

Beryllium                   216.200             97.570
Chromium (Total)             97.570             39.560
Copper                      337.500            160.900
Cyanide (Total)              52.740             21.100
Ammonia (as N)           35,150.000         15,450.000
Fluoride                  9,230.000          5,248.000
                               3636

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT -  II


 (f)  Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant  PSNS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium hydroxide produced
              from scrap and residues as beryllium

 Beryllium                   188.600             85.100
 Chromium (Total)             85.100             34.500
 Copper                      294.400            140.300
 Cyanide (Total)              46.000             18.400
 Ammonia (as N)           30,660.000         13,480.000
 Fluoride                160,300.000         71,200.000


 (g)  Process Water  PSNS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium pebbles produced

 Beryllium                   143.300             64.680
 Chromium (Total)             64.680             26.220
 Copper                      223.700            106.600
 Cyanide (Total)              34.960             13.980
 Ammonia (as N)           23,300.000         10,240.000
 Fluoride                  6,118.000          3,479.000


 (h)  Fluoride Furnace Scrubber  PSNS

 Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium pebbles produced

 Beryllium                     0.000              0.000
 Chromium (Total)              0.000              0.000
 Copper                        0.000              0.000
 Cyanide (Total)               0.000              0.000
Ammonia (as N)                0.000              0.000
Fluoride
                               3637

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SDBCATEGORY   SECT - II
 (i)  Chip Treatment Wastewater  PSNS
Pollutant or           Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg (Ib/million. Ibs)of beryllium scrap chips treated

Beryllium                     6.355              2.868
Chromium (Total)              2.868              1.163
Copper                        9.920              4.728
Cyanide (Total)               1.550              0.620
Ammonia (as N)            1,033.000            454.200
Fluoride                    271.300            154.200
(J)  Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet Air Pollution
     Control  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
of beryllium pebbles produced
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
(k) Beryl Ore Gangue Dewatering PSNS

Pollutant or           Maximum for        Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                    0.855             0.386
Chromium (Total)             0.386             0.156
Copper                       1.335             0.636
Cyanide (Total)              0.209             0.083
Ammonia (as N)             139.032            61.120
Fluoride                    36.505            20.756
                               3638

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


 (1)  Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                   2.185              0.986
Chromium (Total)            0.986              0.400
Copper                      3.411              1.626
Cyanide (Total)             0.533              0.213
Ammonia (as N)            355.245            156.169
Fluoride                   93.275             53.034


 (m)  Beryl Ore Processing  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any 1 Day          Monthly Average

    mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                   5.988             2.702
Chromium (Total)            2.702             1.095
Copper                      9.348             4.455
Cyanide (Total)             1.461             0.584
Ammonia (as N)            973.490           427.956
Fluoride                  255.605           145.330


 (n)  Aluminum Iron Sludge (AIS) Area Wastewater  PSNS

Pollutant or           Maximum for        Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any 1 Day          Monthly Average

      mg/kg(pounds per million pounds) of total beryllium
                 carbonate produced as beryllium

Beryllium                 383.760            173.160
Chromium (Total)          173.160             70.200
Copper                    599.040            285.480
Cyanide (Total)            93.600             37.440
Ammonia (as N)          62384.400          27424.800
Fluoride                16380.000           9313.200
                               3639

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - II


(o)  Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  PSNS

Pollutant or           Maximum for        Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
1.239
0.559
1.934
0.302
201.416
52.885
0.559
0.227
0.922
0.121
88.545
30.069
(p)  Bertrandite Ore Countercurrent and Decantation
     (CCD) Scrubber  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day      Monthly Average

mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
0.083
0.037
0.129
0.020
13.463
3.535
0.037
0.015
0.062
0.008
5.919
2.010
EPA  is  not  promulgating best  conventional  pollutant  control
technology   (BCT)   limitations  for   the   primary   beryllium
subcategory at this time.
                               3640

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III



                           SECTION III

                       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE


This  section  of the primary beryllium supplement describes  the
raw  materials and processes used in producing primary  beryllium
and presents a profile of the primary beryllium plants identified
in this study.

Beryllium,  the seventh lightest known metal, is manufactured and
used  in three principal product forms:   beryllium copper alloy,
beryllium oxide  and beryllium metal.  It is estimated that about
80  percent of beryllium consumption is in the form of  beryllium
copper  or  other  master alloy, and  the  remaining  20  percent
represents  approximately  equal quantities of beryllium  as  the
oxide and as the pure metal.  Beryllium copper alloy,  containing
0.5  to 2.75 percent beryllium is used in various electrical  and
mechanical  applications  including  current  carrying   springs,
welding components, tooling dies, safety tools, bearing  sleeves,
and overseas cable housings.  Beryllium oxide, in pure or ceramic
form,  is used in a number of electronic applications as  a  heat
sink  in  resistor  cores,  integrated  circuit  chip   carriers,
traveling  wave tubes, and laser tubes.  Pure beryllium metal  is
used  primarily  in  aerospace  applications  including   missile
components,   aircraft  brakes,  nozzles,  optics,  and   nuclear
components.

DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY BERYLLIUM PRODUCTION

The  production of beryllium products can be divided  into  three
distinct  operations  - production  of beryllium  hydroxide  from
beryllium  ores,  production  of beryllium oxide  from  beryllium
hydroxide,  and  production  of beryllium  metal  from  beryllium
hydroxide.   The primary beryllium production processes are shown
schematically  in Figures III-l through III-3  (pages  3646-3649)
and  described below. Beryllium-copper master alloy  is  produced
from  beryllium hydroxide in a two-step process:  calcination  of
beryllium  hydroxide  to  beryllium  oxide,  and  production   of
beryllium-copper  master alloy using a carbon reduction  process.
No  process  wastewater is generated by  beryllium-copper  master
alloy production.

RAW MATERIALS

Most  domestic  beryllium  is  extracted  from  bertrandite   ore
(4BeO2SiO2H2O).   Imported  and domestically produced  beryl  ore
(3BeOAl2O36SiO2)   is  another  raw  material  for  the   primary
beryllium  industry.  The only company processing  ore  maintains
the capability for processing beryl ore, and, in 1985,  processed
approximately  2,200 tons of beryl ore, compared with the  95,000
tons of bertrandite ore processed that year.
                               3641

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III
PRODUCTION OF BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE

The production of beryllium hydroxide from beryl and  bertrandite
ores  is  presented schematically in Figure  III-l  (page  3646).
Bertrandite ore is first wet ground and screened to form a slurry
which  is leached with a 10 percent sulfuric acid solution.   The
mixture   is  washed  and  tailings  removed  in   countercurrent
thickeners.   The  sludge from the thickeners is  pumped  to  the
tailings pond as a slurry.  The thickener supernatant, containing
0.5  to 0.6 grams per liter of beryllium, next enters  a  solvent
extraction  process  where beryllium is extracted  from  solution
with  di-2-ethylhexyl  phosphoric acid in kerosene.   The  barren
raffinate solution is discarded as a wastewater stream.

Wastewater  streams are generated from both the  bertrandite  ore
gangue  and  beryl  ore gangue  dewatering  processes.   Further,
wastewater streams are generated in the bertrandite ore  leaching
scrubber  and  bertrandite counter current  decantation  scrubber
processes.

The  beryllium is stripped from the organic phase into an aqueous
solution  containing  4  to  5  grams  per  liter  of  beryllium.
Aluminum and iron are precipitated from solution and the aluminum
iron  sludge is discarded.  Beryllium is then  precipitated  from
solution  as  beryllium  carbonate which is  separated  from  the
liquid phase by filtration.  The barren filtrate is discarded  as
a wastewater stream or further processed for uranium recovery  by
solvent  extraction prior to discharge.  The beryllium  carbonate
may  be  sold  as a product or  further  processed  to  beryllium
hydroxide.

The  beryllium carbonate filter cake is reslurried  in  deionized
water  and  hydrolyzed in an autoclave to convert  the  suspended
solids  to  beryllium  hydroxide.  Beryllium  hydroxide  is  then
separated  from the liquid phase by filtration and  the  filtrate
discarded as a waste stream.  Beryllium hydroxide may be  further
processed  to  make beryllium copper alloy, beryllium  oxide,  or
pure beryllium metal.

When  beryl  ore is processed, the ore is crushed and  melted  at
about  1625°C.   The molten material is  quenched  with  cold
water  to  produce a glassy material called frit.   The  frit  is
dried,  ground and leached with strong sulfuric acid,  forming  a
mixture  of  beryllium  sulfate, aluminum  sulfate,  and  silica.
Water  is added to the mixture and the silica is separated  in  a
series of countercurrent decantation steps.  The resultant silica
sludge   is  discarded.   The  beryllium   solution,   containing
approximately  10 to 11 grams per liter of beryllium  is  further
processed  by solvent extraction, purification and  precipitation
in  an  identical manner as beryllium solution  from  bertrandite
ore.  Beryl ore processing generates wastewater streams from the
quench pit, scrubber and washdown operations.
                               3642

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III
BERYLLIUM OXIDE PRODUCTION

Pure  beryllium oxide is produced for use in ceramics  production
or   sold   directly  to  customers.   The   process   is   shown
schematically in Figure III-2 (page 3647).  The oxide is produced
by  dissolving  beryllium hydroxide in water and  sulfuric  acid.
The  resulting  beryllium sulfate solution is  then  filtered  to
remove impurities.  The solution flows to an evaporator  followed
by two crystallizers in parallel where beryllium sulfate crystals
are formed.  The crystals are separated from the mother liquor in
a  centrifuge and the mother liquor is recycled to the  beryllium
hydroxide  dissolver. The beryllium sulfate is calcined  in  gas-
fired furnaces at about 1100°C to beryllium oxide.

Sulfur  dioxide in the exhaust gases from the calcining  furnaces
is removed in caustic scrubbers which discharge scrubber water to
treatment.

BERYLLIUM METAL PRODUCTION

The  beryllium  manufacturing process is shown  schematically  in
Figure III-3 (page 3649).  Beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)2, is added
to  a  batch  makeup  tank  along  with  an  ammonium  bifluoride
solution,  calcium  carbonate, and  recycled  beryllium  fluoride
(BeF2).   The resultant ammonium beryllium fluoride  solution  is
filtered  to  remove insoluble impurities.  The  filter  cake  is
filtered  a  second  time and  rinsed  with  ammonium  bifluoride
solution  to  recover any beryllium present in the  filter  cake.
The rinse water is sent to an evaporator where it is concentrated
prior  to  being recycled to the batch makeup tank.   The  washed
filter cake is a fluoride sludge which is sent to treatment.  The
condensate from the evaporator flows to the process water pit for
reuse.

The filtered ammonium beryllium fluoride solution is treated with
ammonium    sulfide   to   precipitate   dissolved    impurities,
particularly  iron.   The  precipitated solids are removed  in  a
filter and the resultant sulfide sludge is sent to treatment.

The ammonium beryllium fluoride solution flows to a  crystallizer
where ammonium beryllium fluoride crystals are formed.  Solids are
separated from the liquid phase in a centrifuge,  the  supernatant
from the centrifuge is recycled back to the crystallizer and  the
solids are sent to a drier.  The condensate from the  crystallizer
is sent to the process water pit for reuse.

The dried ammonium beryllium fluoride,  (NH4)2BeF4, is heated in a
graphite induction furnace to drive off ammonium fluoride  (NH4F)
and  produce beryllium fluoride (BeF2).  The off-gases   from  the
fluoride furnace pass through a recirculating wet scrubber  where
ammonium  fluoride  is  absorbed from the  gas  into  an  aqueous
solution.  The resultant ammonium fluoride solution generated  in
the  scrubber  is  used, along with hydrofluoric   acid,   to  make
ammonium  bifluoride solution.  This solution is  used in  various
steps in the beryllium metal production process,  particularly  in


                               3643

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III


the  dissolution  of  beryllium  hydroxide  to  produce  ammonium
beryllium fluoride solution.

Beryllium  fluoride is reduced to beryllium metal in  a  furnace.
Magnesium is added to the furnace and the resulting product is  a
matrix  of  beryllium metal and magnesium fluoride  (MgF2).  This
matrix is crushed in a hammer mill and ball mill.  The beryllium,
referred  to  as beryllium pebbles, is separated  from  magnesium
fluoride by washing our during milling.  Gravity separation in  a
bath of bromochloromethane is used to separate heavy metals  from
beryllium pebbles after milling.  The magnesium fluoride  residue
is  washed  with  ammonium bifluoride  solution  to  recover  any
beryllium  which  may  be present  as  beryllium  fluoride.   The
beryllium fluoride solution is recycled to the batch makeup  tank
where  beryllium  hydroxide  is  dissolved  to  produce  ammonium
beryllium  fluoride solution.  The magnesium fluoride residue  is
then slurried to a disposal pond.

Two other additional beryllium recovery operations are present in.
the  primary  beryllium  subcategory.   These  are  recovery   of
beryllium as a hydroxide from low-grade sources and treatment  of
high-grade  beryllium  chips.  The hydroxide  operation  recovers
beryllium  from various internal and external  sources,  although.
the  amount  of total plant beryllium production  resulting  from
secondary   material   (i.e..  beryllium  scrap   recycled   from
customers)   is   very   small.   Beryllium   is   recovered   by
precipitating it as Be(OH)2 with sodium hydroxide, separating
the precipitate in a clarifier, and dewatering the hydroxide in a
centrifuge.   The overflow (or supernatant) from the clarifier  is
discarded.

PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES

Although a variety of processes are involved in primary beryllium
production,  the process wastewater sources can be subdivided into
the 18 building blocks listed below.

(a)  Solvent extraction raffinate from bertrandite ore,
(b)  Solvent extraction raffinate from beryl ore,
(c)  Beryllium carbonate filtrate,
(d)  Beryllium hydroxide filtrate,
(e)  Beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution control,
(f)  Beryllium hydroxide supernatant,
(g)  Process water,
(h)  Fluoride furnace scrubber
(i)  Chip leaching wastewater,
(j)  Beryllium pebble plant area vent wet air pollution control,
(k)  Beryl ore gangue dewatering,
(1)  Bertrandite ore gangue dewatering,
(m)  Beryl ore processing,
(n)  AIS area wastewater,
(o)  Bertrandite ore leaching scrubber,  and
(p)  Bertrandite ore counter current  decantation scrubber.
                               3644

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             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SOBCATEGORY   SECT - III


OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES

There may be other wastewater streams associated with the primary
beryllium subcategory.  These streams include  stormwater runoff,
and  maintenance and cleanup water. These waste streams  are  not
considered  as a part of this rulemaking.  EPA believes that  the
flows and pollutant loadings associated with these waste  streams
are insignificant relative to the waste streams selected and  are
best  handled by the appropriate permit authority on  a  case-by-
case basis under authority of Section 403 of the Clean Water Act.

AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE

Figure 111-4 (page 3649) shows the location of the three  primary
beryllium  plants operating in the United States.   The  facility
which  produces beryllium hydroxide from ore is a zero  discharge
facility and is located in a net evaporation area.  The  facility
which  produces beryllium oxide, beryllium-copper  master  alloy,
and  beryllium  metal  from  beryllium  hydroxide  is  a   direct
discharger.   The other facility which produces  beryllium-copper
master  alloy  has  a  dry  process.  The  plant  which  produces
beryllium hydroxide from ores began producing hydroxide in  1969.
The  facility which produces beryllium oxide and beryllium  metal
has been operating since 1957.
                               3645

-------
PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                                 SECT  - III
Beryl or
Bertrandite'
Ore
Sulfuric
Acid
Solvent
Deionized
Water
                       Ore
                   Preparation
                     Leaching
                       and
                  Countercurrent
                   Decantation
                     Solvent
                    Extraction
                       and
                    Stripping
                       Iron
                  Precipitation
                    Beryllium
                    Carbonate
                  Precipitation
                    Repulping,
                   Autoclaving,
                       and
                    Filtration
 Sludge  and  Ho
 "to  Disposal
..Raffinate  to
 Disposal
                                            Sulfide
                                       Sludge to Disposal
                                       ^Filtrate to
                                       Disposal
.Filtrate  to
 Disposal
               Beryllium Hydroxide


                   Figure III-1

      BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE PRODUCTION PROCESS
                    3646

-------
      PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY     SECT  - III
                            H0
Mother Liquor to
terylliun
Hydroxide Productton
Periodic Bleed
Be (OH) _ 	
Centrate
— »•
-*
>n
I 1 -
Dissolver
i

Filter
i
t
Evaporator
i
f
Crystalliz*r
i
<
Centrifuge
1
Calcl
Furn
Berylliu
Sulfate
ning
ace
	 ^ Waste Solids
Condenaates
Vent to
Atmosphere
f
Crystals 1
Caustic

                                                             "Water
                              Beryllium
                               Oxide
Wastewater
                             Figure  111-2

                BERYLLIUM OXIDE PRODUCTION PROCESS
                              3647

-------
00
                                                                       Pebble    Vent  Sulflde
                                                                      Plant Vent   to   Sludge
                                                                                         Recycle
                                                                                         Water
MgF  Slurry
to Disposal
                                                      Figure  III-3
                                         BERYLLIUM METAL  PRODUCTION  PROCESS

-------
U>
OS
it*.
                                                      D - Direct  Process Wastewater Discharge Plants

                                                      I - Indirect Wastewater Discharge Plants

                                                      Z - Zero Wastewater Discharge Plants
                                                                                                             H
                                                                                                             3
                                                                                                             W
                                                                                                             bd
                                                                                                             W
                                                                                                             KJ
                                                                                                             H
                                                                                                             c
                                                                                                             2
s
o
                                                                                                              Q
                                                                                                              O
                                                                                                              O
                                                Figure III-4

                               GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF THE PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM
                                             SUBCATEGORY  PLANTS

-------
PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT -  III
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                  3650

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV



                           SECTION IV

                        SUBCATEGQRIZATION


This  section  summarizes  the  factors  considered  during   the
designation of the primary beryllium subcategory and its  related
subdivisions.    Production  normalizing  parameters   for   each
subdivision will also be discussed.

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM
SOBCATEGORY

The   factors   listed  previously  were  each   evaluated   when
considering subdivision of the primary beryllium subcategory.  In
the  discussion  that follows, the factors will be  described  as
they pertain to this particular subcategory.

The rationale for considering further subdivision of the  primary
beryllium  subcategory is based primarily on differences  in  the
production  processes  and  raw  materials  used.   Within   this
subcategory.  a  number of different  operations  are  performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge  and which may
require the establishment of separate effluent limitations. While
primary  beryllium is still considered a single  subcategory,  an
examination of the production processes has illustrated the  need
for  limitations  and  standards  based  on  a  specific  set  of
wastewater  streams.  Limitations will be based on specific  flow
allowances for the following subdivisions:

(a)  Solvent extraction raffinate from bertrandite ore,
(b)  Solvent extraction raffinate from beryl ore,
(c)  Beryllium carbonate filtrate,
(d)  Beryllium hydroxide filtrate,
(e)  Beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution control,
(f)  Beryllium hydroxide supernatant,
(g)  Process water,        '.
(h)  Fluoride furnace scrubber,
(i)  Chip treatment wastewater,
(j)  Beryllium pebble plant area vent wet air pollution control,
(k)  Beryl ore gangue dewatering,
(1)  Bertrandite ore gangue dewatering,
(m)  Beryl ore processing,
(n)  AIS area wastewater,
(o)  Bertrandite ore leaching scrubber, and
(p)  Bertrandite ore counter current decantation scrubber.

These building blocks follow directly from differences within the
three   distinct  beryllium  production  operations;    beryllium
hydroxide  production from ore,  beryllium oxide production  from
beryllium   hydroxide,  and  beryllium  metal   production   from
beryllium hydroxide.

The production of beryllium hydroxide from ore gives rise to  the


                               3651

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV


subdivisions   (a)  through  (d) and  (k)  through  (p).   Solvent
extraction  raffinates are a major source of wastewater  directly
attributable   to leaching bertrandite or beryl ore with  sulfuric
acid   and   extracting  beryllium  from  the   leach   solution.
Precipitation  of beryllium carbonate and beryllium hydroxide each
result in filtrate wastewater streams.

Wastewater  is  generated  from the dewatering of beryl  ore  and
bertrandite    ore  gangue.    Beryl  ore   processing   generates
wastewater  from  quenching,  scrubber  operation  and  washdown.
Aluminum-iron  sludge removal generates wastewater.  Wastewater is
also   generated   by   scrubbing  operations   associated   with
bertrandite  ore  leaching and bertrandite  ore  counter  current
decantation operations.

Wastewater  from scrubbers which control emissions from calcining
furnaces  are  a major source of wastewater associated  with  the
production of  beryllium oxide from beryllium hydroxide.

The operations associated with the production of beryllium  metal
from  beryllium hydroxide give rise to subdivisions  (x)  through
(y). In one by-product recovery operation, beryllium is recovered
from internally generated scrap and residues and small amounts of
recycled  material from customers, by leaching in  sulfuric  acid
and precipitating beryllium hydroxide.  A supernatant  wastewater
stream   results.   Process  condensates  result  from   ammonium
beryllium  fluoride crystallization and evaporation  of  ammonium
bifluoride filtrate.  Wet scrubbers are used to control emissions
from fluoride  furnaces which convert ammonium beryllium  fluoride
to  beryllium  fluoride,  and to recover  ammonium  fluoride  for
reuse.    In   addition,  wet  scrubbers  are  used   to   control
particulate  levels in the air vented from the  beryllium  pebble
plant.  Pure   beryllium metal scrap is treated  with  nitric  and
hydrofluoric acid prior to being vacuum cast along with beryllium
pebbles  prior  to  billet  manufacturing.   The  spent  acid  is
discharged as  a wastewater stream.

OTHER FACTORS

The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to  be
inappropriate  bases  for  subdivision.   Air  pollution  control
methods,   treatment  costs,  and total  energy  requirements  are
functions  of  the selected subcategorization  factors  —  metal
product,   raw  materials, and production  processes.    Therefore,
they   are  not  independent  factors  and  do  not  affect   the
subcategorization which has been applied. Certain other  factors,
such as plant  age, plant size, and the number of employees,  were
also  evaluated  and determined to be inappropriate  for  use  as
bases   for    further  subdivision  of  the   primary   beryllium
subcategory.

PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS

As  discussed previously,  the effluent limitations and standards
developed  in  this document establish mass  limitations  on  the


                               3652

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
   SECT - IV
discharge  of  specific  pollutant parameters.   To  allow  these
regulations  to  be  applied to plants  with  various  production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit  of  production.   This factor is known  as  the  production
normalizing parameter (PNP).

In  general,  for each production process which has a  wastewater
associated  with  it,  the  actual mass of beryllium  product  or
intermediate produced will be used as the PNP.   Thus,  the  PNPs
for the 16 subdivisions or building blocks are listed below.
         Building Block

      Solvent extraction raffinate
      from bertrandite ore
      Solvent extraction raffinate
      from beryl ore


      Beryllium carbonate filtrate


      Beryllium hydroxide filtrate
      Beryllium oxide calcining fur-
      nace wet air pollution control

      Beryllium hydroxide supernatant
  7.   Process water
      Fluoride furnace scrubber
      Chip treatment wastewater
 10.   Beryllium pebble plant area
      vent wet  air  pollution control

 11.   Beryl ore gangue dewatering

 12.   Bertrandite ore gangue
      dewatering

 13.   Beryl ore processing '
        PNP

kkg of beryllium carbonate
produced from bertrandite
ore as beryllium

kkg .of beryllium carbonate
produced from beryl ore as
beryllium

kkg of beryllium carbonate
produced as beryllium

kkg of beryllium hydroxide
produced as beryllium

kkg of beryllium oxide
produced

kkg of beryllium hydroxide
produced from scrap and
residues as beryllium

kkg of beryllium pebbles
produced

kkg of beryllium pebbles
produced

kkg of beryllium scrap
chips treated

kkg of beryllium pebbles
produced

kkg of beryl ore processed

kkg of bertrandite ore
processed

kkg of beryl ore processed
                               3653

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV
         Building Block

 14.  AIS area wastewater
 15.  Bertrandite ore leaching
      scrubber
        PNP

kkg of total beryllium
carbonate produced as
beryllium

kkg of bertrandite ore
processed
 16.  Bertrandite ore counter
      current decantation
      scrubber
kkg of bertrandite ore
processed
Other  PNPs  were  considered.   The use of  production  capacity
instead  of actual production was eliminated  from  consideration
because the mass of the pollutant produced is more a function  of
true production than of installed capacity.
                               3654

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V



                            SECTION V

            WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS

This  section  describes the characteristics of  the  wastewaters
associated with the primary beryllium subcategory.  Water use and
discharge  rates are explained and then summarized in  tables  at
the  end  of  this  section.   Data  used  to  characterize   the
wastewaters  are presented.  Finally, the specific source,  water
use and discharge flows, and wastewater characteristics for  each
separate wastewater source are discussed.

Two  principal  data  sources were used  in  the  development  of
effluent  limitations  and standards for this  subcategory;  data
collection  portfolios  (dcp) and field sampling  results.   Data
collection  portfolios contain information  regarding  wastewater
flows and production levels.

In  order  to  quantify  the  pollutant  discharge  from  primary
beryllium plants, a field sampling program was conducted. Samples
were  analyzed for 124 of the 126 priority pollutants  and  other
pollutants deemed appropriate.  (Because the analytical  standard
for  TCDD  was judged to be too hazardous to  be  made  generally
available,  samples  were  never  analyzed  for  this  pollutant.
Samples  were  also  never analyzed for asbestos.    There  is  no
reason  to  expect  that TCDD or asbestos  would  be  present  in
nonferrous  metals  manufacturing.)  One plant was  selected  for
sampling  in the primary beryllium subcategory.  In general,  the
samples were analyzed for three classes of pollutants:   priority
organic  pollutants,  priority  metal  pollutants,  and  criteria
pollutants (which includes both conventional and  nonconventional
pollutants).

As  described  in  Section IV of  this  supplement,  the  primary
beryllium  subcategory has been divided into 16  subdivisions  or
wastewater  sources, so that the promulgated regulation  contains
mass  discharge limitations and standards for 16 building  blocks
which  may  discharge  process wastewater.    Differences  in  the
wastewater characteristics associated with these subdivisions are
to   be   expected.     For  this   reason,    wastewater   streams
corresponding to each subdivision are addressed separately in the
discussions  that follow.  These wastewater sources are:

(a)  Solvent extraction raffinate from bertrandite ore,
(b)  Solvent extraction raffinate from beryl ore,
(c)  Beryllium carbonate filtrate,
(d)  Beryllium hydroxide filtrate,
(e)  Beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet  air pollution control,
(f)  Beryllium hydroxide supernatant,
(g)  Process water,
(h)  Fluoride furnace scrubber,
(i)  Chip treatment  wastewater,
(j)  Beryllium pebble plant area vent wet air pollution control,
(k)  Beryl ore gangue dewatering,


                               3655

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


 (1)  Bertrandite ore gangue dewatering,
 (m)  Beryl ore processing,
 (n)  AIS area wastewater,
 (o)  Bertrandite ore leaching scrubber, and
 (p)  Bertrandite ore counter current decantation scrubber.


 WASTEWATER FLOW RATES

 Data  supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two  flow-to-
 production ratios, water use and wastewater discharge flow,  were
 calculated for each stream.  The two ratios are differentiated by
 the flow value used in calculation.  Water use is defined as  the
 volume  of water or other fluid required for a given process  per
 mass  of beryllium product and is therefore based on the  sum  of
 recycle  and  makeup flows to a given process.   Wastewater  flow
 discharged  after pretreatment or recycle (if these are  present)
 is  used  in calculating the production normalized  flow  —  the
 volume  of wastewater discharged from a given process to  further
 treatment, disposal, or discharge per mass of beryllium produced.
 Differences between the water use and wastewater flows associated
 with a given stream result from recycle, evaporation, and  carry-
 over  on the product.  The production values used in  calculation
 correspond to the production normalizing parameter, PNP, assigned
 to  each  stream,  as outlined in Section  IV.   As  an  example,
 beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution control water
 flow  is  related to the production of the beryllium  oxide.   As
 such, the discharge rate is expressed in liters of scrubber water
 per  metric ton of beryllium oxide produced (gallons of  scrubber
 water per ton of beryllium oxide as produced).

 The  production  normalized  discharge flows  were  compiled  and
 statistically   analyzed  by  stream  type.    These   production
 normalized  water  use  and  discharge  flows  are  presented  by
 subdivision in Tables V-l through V-10 (pages 3663 - 36666) Where
 appropriate,  an attempt was made to identify factors that  could
 account  for variations in water use and discharge rates.   These
 variations are discussed later in this section by subdivision.  A
 similar  analysis  of factors affecting the wastewater  flows  is
 presented  in  Sections IX, X, XI, and XII  where  representative
 BPT,  BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment flows are selected for  use  in
 calculating the effluent limitations.

 The water use and discharge rates shown do not include nonprocess
 wastewater, such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION DATA

Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
primary   beryllium  production  come  from   two   sources—data
collection  portfolios  and analytical data from  field  sampling
 trips.
                               3656

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS

In  the  data collection portfolios, the  beryllium  plants  that
discharge  wastewater  were  asked to  specify  the  presence  or
absence  of toxic pollutants in their wastewater.  In all  cases,
the  plants indicated that the priority organic  pollutants  were
believed to be absent.  The responses for the priority metals and
cyanide are summarized below:

                                   Known       Believed
                    Pollutant     Present      Present

                    Antimony         0             0
                    Arsenic          0             0
                    Beryllium        1             1
                    Cadmium          0             0
                    Chromium         0             0
                    Copper           1             1
                    Cyanide          1             0
                    Lead             1             1
                    Mercury          0             0
                    Nickel           1             0
                    Selenium         0             0
                    Silver           0     .        0
                    Thallium         0             0
                    Zinc             0             0
FIELD SAMPLING DATA

In  order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present in
wastewater from primary beryllium plants, wastewater samples were
collected  at  one  of the two primary beryllium  plants  in  the
United  States.   A  diagram indicating the  sampling  sites  and
contributing production processes is shown in Figures V-l and V-2
(page 3727 - 3728).

Raw  wastewater data are summarized in Tables V-ll  through  V-15
(pages  3667 - 3696) Analytical results at various points in  the
treatment scheme of plant A are summarized in Tables V-l6 through
V-20 (pages 3700 - 3723).  Note that the stream numbers listed in
the tables correspond to those given in individual plant sampling
site diagrams, Figures V-l ,and V-2.  Where no data are listed for
a specific day of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream
were not collected.

The  data tables include some samples measured at  concentrations
considered not quantifiable.   The base-neutral extractable, acid
extractable,  and volatile organics generally are considered  not
quantifiable  at concentrations equal to or less than 0.010 rag/1.
Below  this  concentration  organic analytical  results  are  not
quantitatively  accurate?  however,  the  analyses are useful  to
indicate  the presence of a particular pollutant.  The  pesticide
fraction  is considered not quantifiable at concentrations  equal
to or less than 0.005 mg/1.


                               3657

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
The detection limits shown on the data tables for priority metals
and conventional and nonconventional pollutants are not the  same
in  all  cases  as  the  published  detection  limits  for  these
pollutants by the same analytical methods.  The detection  limits
used  were  reported with the analytical data and hence  are  the
appropriate  limits  to  apply  to  the  data.   Detection  limit
variation  can  occur  as a result of  a  number  of  laboratory-
specific equipment-specific  and daily operator-specific factors.
These  factors  can  include day-to-day  differences  in  machine
calibration,  variation  in  stock solutions,  and  variation  in
operators.

The  statistical analysis of data includes some samples  measured
at   concentrations  considered  not  quantifiable.    For   data
considered  as detected but below quantifiable concentrations.  a
value   of  zero  is  used  for  averaging.    Priority   organic:
nonconventional, and conventional pollutant data reported with  a
"less  than"  sign are considered as detected,  but  not  further
quantifiable.'  A value of zero is also used for averaging.  If  a
pollutant is reported as not detected, it is assigned a value  of
zero in calculating the average.  Finally, priority metal  values
reported  as  less than a certain value were  considered  as  not
quantifiable,  and consequently were assigned a value of zero  in
the calculation of the average.

Finally,  appropriate  source water concentrations are  presented
with  the summaries of the sampling data.   The method  by  which
'each sample was collected is indicated by number, as follows:

   1.     one-time grab
   2.     manual composite during intermittent process operation
   3.     8-hour manual composite
   4.     8-hour automatic composite
   5.     24-hour manual composite
   6.     24thour automatic^ composite


WASTEWATER 'CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION

Since  primary beryllium production involves 16 principal sources
of wastewater and each has potentially different  characteristics
and  flows,  the  wastewater characteristics and discharge  rates
corresponding to each subdivision will be described separately  A
brief  description  of  why the associated  production  processes
generate  a wastewater and explanations for variations  of  water
use within each subdivision will also be discussed.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE FROM BERTRANDITE ORE

Beryllium  is  extracted from bertrandite ore  by  leaching  with
sulfuric  acid  and extracting beryllium from the  acid  solution
with  an  organic  solvent, di-2-ethylhexyl  phosphoric  acid  in
kerosene. The  barren  acid solution,  or  raffinate  stream,  is
discarded  as a waste stream.  Water use and discharge rates  for


                               3658

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


this stream are presented in Table V-l (page 3663) in liters  per
metric ton of beryllium carbonate produced (as beryllium).  These
flows  were calculated based on process information from the  one
facility currently processing bertrandite ore.

Although no sampling data are available for this waste stream, it
is  expected to have an acidic pH,  treatable  concentrations  of
beryllium  and  other toxic metals which may be leached from  the
ore  along  with  beryllium,   and  treatable  concentrations  of
suspended  solids.   It  is  also possible  that  low  levels  of
priority  organic  pollutants  are  present  in  this  stream  as
residuals from the solvent extraction process.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE FROM BERYL ORE

Beryllium is extracted from beryl ore in a manner similar to that
used  with bertrandite ore.   After preliminary processing steps,
the ore is leached with sulfuric acid and beryllium is  extracted
from  the  acid  solution with an organic  solvent.   The  barren
raffinate is discharged.   Water use and discharge rates for this
wastewater  stream  are  presented in Table V-2  (page  3663)  in
liters  per  metric  ton  of  beryllium  carbonate  produced  (as
beryllium).

No sampling data are available for this waste stream; however, it
is expected to have an acidic pH and treatable concentrations  of
beryllium  and other priority metals which may be present in  the
beryl  ore raw material.  Treatable concentrations  of  suspended
solids are also expected to be present.  It is also possible that
toxic organic pollutants may be present in this wastewater stream
if they are present in the organic solvent as impurities.


BERYLLIUM CARBONATE FILTRATE

Beryllium  is  stripped from the organic phase  into  an  aqueous
solution.  Beryllium carbonate is precipitated and separated from
the  liquid  phase by filtration.  The filtrate  stream  is  then
discharged.  Water use and discharge rates for this waste  stream
are  presented in Table V-3 (page 3663) in liters per metric  ton
of beryllium carbonate produced (as beryllium).

Although  there  are no sampling data available  for  this  waste
stream   it  is  expected to have an alkaline  pH  and  treatable
concentrations  of  beryllium  and possibly other  toxic  metals.
Since the separation of BeC04 from the organic phase is virtually
complete,  no  priority  organic pollutants are  expected  to  be
present in this stream.

BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

Beryllium  carbonate  is  reslurried  in  deionized  water,    and
hydrolyzed  in  an autoclave to convert the suspended  solids  to
beryllium  hydroxide.   The beryllium hydroxide is separated  from
the  liquid  phase by filtration.  The filtrate  stream  is  then


                               3659

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


discharged.  Water use and discharge rates are shown in Table V-4
(page  3664)  in  liters per metric ton  of  beryllium  hydroxide
produced  (as beryllium).

The  flow  rate  shown  in Table V-4 was  revised  based  on  new
information  supplied  to  Agency after  the  completion  of  the
original  rulemaking.

No  sampling  data  are available  for  this  wastewater  stream;
however,   it is expected to have an alkaline pH and may  contain
treatable concentrations of beryllium.

BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

When  beryllium oxide is produced from beryllium  hydroxide,  the
hydroxide  is converted to beryllium sulfate and the  sulfate  is
calcined  in a furnace to produce beryllium oxide.  Sulfur  oxide
emissions   from  the  furnaces  are  controlled   with   caustic
scrubbers.   The  scrubber liquor is discharged as  a  wastewater
stream.  The production normalized water use and discharge  rates
for  beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution  control
are  shown in Table V-5 (page 3664) in liters per metric  ton  of
beryllium  oxide  produced  and  the  water  use  data   includes
extensive recycle (i.e., greater than 90 percent recycle).

Table  V-ll  (page 3667) summarizes the field sampling  data  for
beryllium oxide calcining wet air pollution control.  This  waste
stream has a neutral pH and very high concentrations of dissolved
solids  (primarily sodium sulfate).  Treatable concentrations  of
beryllium, fluoride, and suspended solids are present.

BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT

When  beryllium  is recovered from  recycled  customer  material,
internally generated residues,  scrap, and recycled mother liquor
from  the  beryllium oxide crystallization  operations,  the  raw
material  is  dissolved  in sulfuric acid and beryllium  is  then
precipitated with caustic as beryllium hydroxide   After  gravity
separation, the supernatant is discharged as a wastewater stream.
Production  normalized water use and discharge data for beryllium
hydroxide  supernatant  are  shown in Table V-6  (page  3664)  in
liters  per  metric  ton  of  beryllium  hydroxide  produced  (as
beryllium).

Table  V-12  (page 3672) summarizes the field sampling  data  for
beryllium hydroxide supernatant.  It can be seen that this  waste
stream  has  an  alkaline  pH  and  treatable  concentrations  of
beryllium, copper, fluoride, and suspended solids.

PROCESS WATER

Process  condensates  are generated from the  ammonium  beryllium
fluoride  crystallizer and the ammonium fluoride sludge  filtrate
evaporator.   The  condensed  water is used  as  makeup  for  the
fluoride furnace scrubbing system, for the beryllium pebble plant


                               3660

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


scrubbing  system,  for sludge washing, and general  plant  water
usage  such  as  floor washings.   Periodic  discharge  from  the
process  water  pit  is necessary  to  prevent  dissolved  solids
build-up. Production normalized water use and discharge rates for
process water are presented in Table V-7 in liters per metric ton
of beryllium metal produced.

Field sampling data for process water are summarized in Table  V-
13  (page 3676).  These data are from samples collected from  the
process  water  pit.   The  data  show  that  process  water   is
characterized  by a neutral pH, and treatable  concentrations  of
beryllium and fluoride.  Ammonia and cyanide are also reported as
present above treatable concentrations.

FLUORIDE FURNACE SCRUBBER

Beryllium  fluoride  (BeF2) intermediate is produced  by  heating
ammonium  beryllium fluoride in a graphite induction furnace  and
driving  off  ammonium fluoride  (NH^F).   Ammonium  fluoride  is
recovered  in  a  wet scrubbing system.   Although  the  scrubber
liquor is recycled extensively (>99.9 percent), a blowdown stream
is  periodically recycled to the ammonium bifluoride makeup  tank
to   be  used  in  beryllium  fluoride  intermediate   production
Production normalized water use and discharge rates for  fluoride
furnace  scrubbing liquor are presented in Table V-8 (page  3665)
in liters per metric ton of beryllium pebbles produced.

Although  at  proposal  this stream was  believed  to  have  been
sampled,  comments  from the plant indicated  that  the  scrubber
sampled was the area vent scrubber in the beryllium pebble plant.
Fluoride   furnace   scrubber  wastewater  is  expected   to   be
contaminated  with  ammonia  and fluoride based  on  the  process
occurring in the furnace.

CHIP TREATMENT WASTEWATER

Pure  beryllium metal scrap in the form of chips is treated  with
nitric  acid  and rinsed prior to being vacuum  cast  along  with
beryllium pebbles into a beryllium metal billet.  The spent  acid
and rinse water are discharged.  This operation combines refining
beryllium  from  secondary  as  well  as  primary  sources.   The
quantity  of beryllium scrap treated and subsequently  cast  with
the   beryllium  pebbles,  however,  is  small  enough  to   have
negligible  impact  on the production normalized  water  use  and
discharge  rates  for this operation.  Water  use  and  discharge
rates are presented in Table V-9 (page 3665) in liters per metric
ton of beryllium scrap chips treated.

Table  V-15  (page 3696) summarizes the field sampling  data  for
chip  treatment wastewater.  This wastewater is characterized  by
an  acid  pH and very high concentrations  of  beryllium.    Other
priority metals are present at treatable concentrations including
chromium  and  zinc.  Treatable concentrations  of  fluoride  and
suspended solids are also present.
                               3661

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


BERYLLIUM PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The  beryllium pebble plant contains a ventilation system for air
circulation    A wet scrubber is employed to clean the  used  air
prior to venting to the atmosphere.  Although the scrubber liquor
is  recycled  extensively,  a  blowdown  stream  is  periodically
discharged  to  the  process water pit.   Makeup  water  for  the
scrubber is obtained from the process water pit.

Field sampling data for beryllium pebble plant area vent scrubber
are  summarized  in Table V-14 (page 3691).  The data  show  that
this  stream  is  characterized  by a  slightly  acidic  pH,  and
treatable concentrations of beryllium and fluoride.

ADDITIONAL  BUILDING BLOCKS

In the settlement agreement of April 1987,  EPA agreed to propose
to add new building blocks for the following six processes in the
primary  beryllium  subcategory:   beryl ore  gangue  dewatering,
bertrandite   ore   gangue  dewatering,   beryl  ore   processing
(comprises  quench  pit,   scrubber  and  washdown),   AIS   area
wastewater,  bertrandite  ore leaching scrubber,  and bertrandite
ore counter current decantation scrubber.   These building blocks
were  not  included in the promulgated rule  because  the  Agency
lacked  adequate information about these processes to  promulgate
effluent  limits  at  that time.   The  Agency  anticipated  that
effluent  limits for these wastestreams would be established on a
best  professional judgment ("BPJ") basis by the  permit  writers
during the permit issuance process.  The petitioner has requested
that  EPA establish national regulations for these processes  and
during  the  settlement  negotiations,  the Agency  obtained  the
necessary additional information about these processes to do so.

The wastewater discharge rates for these six processes are  given
below:  beryl  ore  gangue dewatering 1,043 1/kkg  of  beryl  ore
processed,  bertrandite  ore  gangue dewatering  2,665  1/kkg  of
bertrandite  ore processed, beryl ore processing 7,303  1/kkg  of
beryl  ore processed, aluminum iron sludge (AIS) area  wastewater
468,000 1/kkg of total beryllium carbonate produced as beryllium,
bertrandite ore leaching scrubber 1,511 1/kkg of bertrandite  ore
processed,  bertrandite  ore  countercurrent  decantation   (CCD)
scrubber 101 1/kkg of bertrandite ore processed.
                               3662

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           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


                            TABLE ¥-1

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
       SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAPPINATE PROM BERTRANDITE ORE

          (10^  1/kkg of beryllium carbonate produced
               from bertrandite ore as beryllium)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1177                 0  ,            2246               2246
                            TABLE V-2

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
           SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE FROM BERYL ORE

         (1CP  1/kkg of beryllium carbonate produced
                  from beryl ore as beryllium)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1177                 0               220                220
                            TABLE V-3

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                  BERYLLIUM CARBONATE FILTRATE

  (10^  1/kkg of beryllium carbonate produced as beryllium)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1177                 0              214.5              214.5
                               3663

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


                            TABLE V-4

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                  BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

  (10^  1/kkg of beryllium carbonate produced as beryllium)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1177                 0              136.0              136.0
                            TABLE V-5

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
   BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

         (10   1/kkg of beryllium oxide produced)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1111               >90                NR               263.7
                            TABLE V-6

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                 BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT

         (10^  1/kkg of beryllium hydroxide produced
              from scrap and residues as beryllium)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1111                 0              230.0              230.0
                               3664

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
Plant Code
  1111
                            TABLE V-7

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                          PROCESS WATER

               1/kkg of beryllium pebbles produced)
Percent
Recycle

  NR
Production
Normalized
Water  Use

     NR
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

    174.8
                            TABLE V-8

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
       SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE FROM BERTRANDITE ORE

         (10^  1/kkg of beryllium carbonate produced
               from bertrandite ore as beryllium)
Plant Code
  1111
Percent
Recycle

  100
Production
Normalized
Water  Use

     NR
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

       0
Plant Code
  1111
                            TABLE V-9

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                    CHIP TREATMENT WASTEWATER

              1/kkg of beryllium scrap chips treated)
Percent
Recycle

   0
Production
Normalized
Water  Use

   7.75
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

    7.75
                               3665

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


                            TABLE V-10

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
   BERYLLIUM PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

         (10^  1/kkg of beryllium pebbles produced)

                                   Production          Production
                    Percent        Normalized          Normalized
Plant Code          Recycle        Water  Use        Discharge Rate

  1111                 NR               NR                  0
                               3666

-------
                                              Table V-11
                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                     BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
o\
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

114.  antimony


11 5..  arsenic


117.  beryllium


118.  cadm i um


119.  chromium (total)


120.  copper


122.  lead


123.  mercury
Stream
Code


481
484

481
484

481
484

481
484
481
484

481
484
481
484
481
484
Sample
Typet


6
6

6
6

6
6

6
6
6
6

6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


<0.003


<0.003


<0.001


<0.004

0.017


0.47

<0.16

<0.0002

Day 1


<0.003
0.015

<0.003
<0.003

0.49
2.0

0.005
<0.004
0.055
0.050

0.13
1.5
<0.168
<0.168
<0.0002
<0.0002
Day 2


<0.003
0.013

<0.003
<0.003

0.89
1.20

<0.004
0.012
0.042
0.086

0.17
0.38
<0.168
<0.168
<0.0002
<0.0002
Day 3


<0.003
<0.003

< 0.00 3
<0.003

0.88
0.98

<0.004
0.015
0.042
0.13

0.12
0.16
<0.168
<0.16
<0.0002
<0.0002
hj
H
§
w
M
3
f
H
'S

m
w
o
s
w
8
S

Ui
w
o
1
<




-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                     BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
U)
03
           Pollutant

Toxtc PoIlutants (Continued)

124.  nickel


125.  selenium


126.  silver


127.  thallium


128.  zinc


ttonconventional Pollutants

acidity


alkalinity


aluminum
Stream
Code

481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
Sample
Typet

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1

<0.006 0.043
0.022
<0.003 <0.003
<0.003
<0.0005 0.10
0.066
<0.002 <0.002
<0.002
0.018 0.052
0.054
<1 <1
<1
311 1,350
240
<0. 100 0.49
0.51
Day 2
0.019
0.036
<0.003
<0.003
0.024
0.070
<0.002
<0.002
0.039
0.051
0
<1
710
280
0.47
0.47
Day 3
0.022
0.036
<0.003
<0.003
0.033
0.10
<0.002
<0.002
0.087
0.049

-------
Ch
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                     BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR  POLLUTION CONTROL
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
           Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

ammonia nitrogen


barium


boron


calcium


chemical oxygen demand (COD)


chloride


cobalt


fluoride


iron
Stream
Code

481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
Sample
Typet

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
^Concentrations (rag/1)
Source

6.6

. 0.20

<0.018

57


-------
en
~J
o
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                     BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR  POLLUTION  CONTROL
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
           Pollutant

Nonconventiona1 Pqllutants (Continued)

magnesium


manganese


molybdenum


phosphate


sodium


sulfate


tin


titanium


total dissolved solids (IDS)
Stream
Code
481
484
481
484

481
484

481
484
481
484


481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
Sample
Typet
6
6
6
6

6
6

6
6
6
6


6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1
36

0.


0.


<0.

17



1,400

<0.

0.

550

15
19
013 0.
0.

005 0.
0.

732 1.
<0.
8,800
4,200


39,000
24,000
12 <0.
<0.
73 0.
<0.
39,000
22;000


039
067

046
043

1
732
1,
9,


6,
29,
12
12
035
010
8,
42. .
D§3 !_2
21
15
0.
0.

0.
0.

8.
2.
800
800


500
000
<0.
<0.
<0.
0.
200
000


058
072

059
052

0
9
3,
6,


7,
18,
12
12
010
40
33,
23,
Day 3
15
18
0.
0.

0.
0.

1.
1.
300
000


300
000

-------
Ul
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)

                                    PRH4ARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                     BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR  POLLUTION CONTROL
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
           Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

total organic carbon (TOG)


total solids (TS)


vanadium


yttrium


Conventional Pollutants

oil and grease


total suspended solids (TSS)


pH (standard units)
    tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab
                        6 - 24-hour automatic composite
Stream
Code


481
484
481
484

481
484

481
484
481
484
481
484
481
484
Sample
Typet


6
6
6
6

6
6

6
6
1
1
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1


<1 10
8
550 39,000 8,
22,000 42,

<0.006 0.032
0.019

<0.001 <0.001
<0.001
<1 <1
<1
4 100
45
6.84 8.10
7.58
Day 2


11
8
280 34,
000 25,

<0.006
0.058

<0.001
<0.001
26
<1
33
60
8.24
6.86
Day 3


11
2
000
000

<0.006
0.10

<0.001
<0.001
0
<1
55

7.52
6.90
PRIMA]
70
ta
M
5;


t/3
a
tu
o
s
M
0
s
W
o

1




-------
                                              Table V-12
                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                   BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
u
CTs
-J
NJ
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

114.  antimony

115.  arsenic

117.  beryllium

118.  cadmium

119.  chromium (total)

120.  copper

122.  lead

123.  mercury

124,  nickel

125.  selenium

126.  silver

127.  thallium
Stream Sample
Code Typet
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
491 1
Concentrations
Source
<0.003
<0.003
<0.001
<0.004
0.017
0.47
<0.16
<0.0002
<0.006
<0.003
<0.0005
<0.002
0,018
Day 1
<0.003
<0.003
12
<0.004
0.11
1.4
<0.168
<0.0002
0.12
<0.003
0.32
<0.002
0.19
hd
(mg/1) H
Day 2 Day 3 g
w
t-i
H
OT
§
O
Q
O
a

m
o
i
<




-------
                                         Table V-12 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                    BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
u»
u»
           Pollutant

Nonconvent iona1 Po1lutants

acidity

alkalinity

aluminum

ammonia nitrogen

barium

boron

calcium

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

chloride

cobalt

fluoride

iron

magnesium
Stream
Code

491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

<1
311 2
<0.100
6.6
0.20
<0.018
57
<1
95
<0.012
0.81 1
1.4
36
Day 1 Day 2

<1
,450
13
13.4
0.-57
<0.018
3.5
300
520
0.019
,600
3.2
2.7
M
Day 3 JS
W
w
f»
M
i
w
a
w
a
w
a
o
S

w
M
O
I
<




-------
                                        Table  V-12  (Continued)
                                    PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                                   BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
                Pollutant
    Nonconventional Pollutants  (Continued)
    manganese
    molybdenum
    phosphate
U)
2   sodium
    sulfate
    tin
    titanium
    total dissolved solids  (TDS)
    total organic carbon  (TOG)
    total solids (TS)
    van ad iura
    yttrium
Stream
Code


491

491

491


491
491

491
491

491

491
491
491
491
Sample
Typet


1

1

1


1
1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


0.013

0.005

<0.732


17 23,
1,400 130,

<0.12
0.73

550 99,

<1
550 100,
<0.006
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2


0.092

0.41

19


000
000

<0.12
1.3

000

<1
000
0.10
<0.001
M
3
Day 3 g
w
w
K
f
tr«
H
a
s
Crt
a
w
n
a
o
%

w
M
O
i-i
1




-------
U!
a\
-j
                                        Table V-12  (Continued)


                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA

                                   BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT

                                            RAW WASTEVJATER
               Pollutant


    Conventional Pollutants


    oil and grease


    total suspended solids (TSS)


    pH (standard units)
Stream

 Code
491


491


491
Sample

Typet
                                                                    Concentrations (mg/1)
                   Source     Day  1
                  Da
4


6.84
                             100


                              11.5
Day 3   S3
	i	   ,3
                                                       W
                                                       M
                                                       W
                                                       G
                                                       OJ
                                                       O
                                                                                                    m
                                                                                                    Q
                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                    w
                                                                                                    w
                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                    I

                                                                                                    <
    tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab

-------
UJ
a\
                                              Table V-13


                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                            PROCESS WATER
                                            RAW WASTEWATER




Toxic

1.

2.



3.



4.

5.



6.

7.

8.

9.



Pollutant

Pollutants

acenaphthene

acrolein



acrylonitrile



benzene

benzidine



carbon tetrachloride

chlorobenzene

1 , 2,4-trichlorobenzene

hexachlorobenzene


Stream
Code



426

426



426



426

426



426

426

426

426


Sample
Typet



1

1



1



1

1



1

1

1

1


Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2



ND * *
*

ND ND ND
ND


* 1.682 4.593
4.559


* 0.188 0.207
0.617
ND ND ND
ND


* 0.069 0.161
0.162
* * *
*
ND ND ND
ND
ND ND ND
ND
Nj
H
Day 3 |
Kj
w
w
s
f
H
§
w
c
03
n
f-3
M
Q
O
XI


W
M
O
H3
I
<






-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER
       Stream    Sample
Concentrations (rag/1)
H

Toxic
10.


11.


W 1O
^1
^4
13.

14.



15.


16.

17.

18.

Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
1 , 2-dichloroethane


1 , 1 , 1 -trichloroethane


hexachloroe thane


1 , 1 -dichloroethane

1 , 1 ,2-trichloroethane



1,1, 2,2-tetraehloroethane


chloroe thane

bis (chloromethyl) ether

bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

Code Typet

426 1


426 1


426 1


426 1

426 1



426 1


426 1

426 1

426 1

Source Day 1 Day 2

* * 0.211
0.142

* * *
*


ND ND *
*

* 0.019 0.043
0.043
* * *
*


* * 0.078
*

ND * ND
ND
ND ND ND
ND
ND ND ND
ND
Day 3 §
K
1
1
M
s
W
c
(XI
o

m
Q
O



en
m
o

i
<






-------
                                        Table  V-13  (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                                             PROCESS WATER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
m
oo
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether


 20.  2-ehloronaphthalene


 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol


 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol


 23.  chloroform


 24.  2-chlorophenol


 25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene


 26.  1,3-diehlorobenzene


 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene
Code Typet



426 1


426 1



426 1



426 1

426 1


426 1

426 1

426 1

426 1

Source



*


ND



ND



ND

*


ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1



0.101


ND



ND



*

0.044


ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 2



0.015
0.030

ND
ND

-
ND
ND


ND
0.072
0.106
0.109

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 §
5«
ft)
w
»
tr<
H
g

OT
C
W
O

H3
M
O
O
%

W
M
HI
1
<






-------
                                        Table V-13  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                                            PROCESS WATER
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
Stream    Sample
                                                                   Concentrations  (mg/1)
                                                                                                   H
VD

Toxic

28.



29.


30.


31.

32.


33.

34.

35.

36.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)

3,3' -dichlorobenzidine



1 , 1 -dichloroethylene .


1 , 2-trans-dichloroethylene


2 , 4-d ichloropheno 1

1 ,2-dichloropropane


1 , 3-dichloropropene

2, 4-dimethylphenol

2, 4-d in itro toluene

2,6-dinitrotoluene
Code


426



426


426


426

426


426

426

426

426
Typet


1



1


1


1

1


1

1

1

1
Source Day 1 Day 2


ND ND ND
ND


* 0.047 0.111
0.115

* 0.053 0.134
0.133

ND ND ND
ND
* 0.043 0.113
0.104

* * 0.036
0.023
ND ND ND
ND
ND ND ND
*
* * *
*
Day 3 g
w
w
K
f
M
cj
~ 3
w
to
o

Q
1


tfl
0
^
1
<





-------
                                         Table  V-13  (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                             PROCESS WATER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
oo
o


Toxic

37.

38.



39.



40.

41.


42.

43.

44.

45.

Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)

1 , 2 -d iphenylhydrazine

ethylbenzene



flubranthene



4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether

4 -bromo phenyl phenyl ether


bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether

b is ( 2-chloroethoxy) methane

methylene chloride

methyl chloride (chlororaethane)
Stream
Code


426

426



426



426

426


426

426

426

426
Sample
Typet


1

1



1



1

1


1

1

1

1
Concentrations
Source Day 1


* *

* *



* ND



ND ND

ND ND


ND ND

* ND

* 0.114

* *
(rag/1)
Day 2


*
*

*
*


ND
*


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
*
0.211
0.208
*
*
H
2
Day 3 g
W
M
K
t<
H
i
w
c
03
O
i-3
W
O
o
K

Cfl
M
O
^3
I






-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER



Toxic

46.


47.


U>
S 48.
M

49.

50.



51.

52.

53.

54.


Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)

methyl bromide (bromoraethane)


bromoform (tribromomethane)



diehlorobromomethane


trichlorofluorome thane

d ichlorod i fluorome thane



chlorodibroraomethane

hexachlorobutadiene

hexachlorocyclopentadiene

isophorone

Stream
Code



426


426



426


426

426



426

426

426

426

Sample
Typet



1


1



1


1

1



1

1

1

1

Concentrations
Source Day 1



ND *


* *



* 0.021


ND ND

ND ND



* 0.080

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

(mg/1)
Day 2



*
*


0.130
0.077


0.051
0.051

ND
ND
ND
ND


0.288
0.139
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
50
H
S
Day 3 E
K
w
w
K;
f1
M
• •• G
g
tn
G
w
o
H
o
o
K

w
M
O
i-3
I
<






-------
                                         Table  V-13 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                             PROCESS WATER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
                Pollutant

     Toxic  Pollutants  (Continued)

      55.   naphthalene


      56.   nitrobenzene

u>
§     57.   2-nitrophenol


      58.   4-nitrophenol


      59.   2,4-dinitrophenol


      60.   4,6-dinitro-o-eresol


      61.   N-nitrosodiraethylamine


      62.   N-nitrosodiphenylamine


      63.   N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Code


426



426



426


426


426



426

426

426

426

Typet


1



1



1


1


1



1

1

1

1

Source


*



ND



ND


ND


ND



ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1


*



ND



ND


ND


ND



ND

ND

*

ND

Day 2

*
*


ND
*


ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
*
ND
*
ND
ND
Day 3 §
S
to
M
K
f
H
G
"3,
m
G
to
(1

w
Q
O

K


W
W
O
I
<






-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER
                                                              H
Stream    Sample
                               Concentrations (mg/1)

Toxic
64.


65.
us
o° 66.
U)


67.

68.


69.

70.

71.

72.

Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
pentachlorophenol


phenol

bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate



butyl benzyl phthalate

di-n-butyl phthalate


di-n-octyl phthalate

diethyl phthalate

dimethyl phthalate

ben zo (a) anthracene

Code

426


426

426



426

426


426

426

426

426

Typet Source

1 ND


1 ND

1 0.024



1 *

1 • 0.157


1 *

1 0.076

1 ND

\ *

Day 1 Day 2

ND ND
ND

ND ND
ND
* *
*


* *
*
0.034 0.134
ND

ND ND
ND
* 0.270
*
* ND
*
ND ND
ND
Day 3 g
tfl
m
1
M
- • • 3
W
G
CM
n
i?
w
Q
O
s!

w
w
0
Hi
1
<







-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER
       Stream    Sample
Concentrat ions (mg/1)
                                                              H

Toxic
73.
74.
75.

76.

77.



78.

79.

80.

81.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
benzo(a)pyrene
benzo(b)fluoranthene
benzo(k)f luoranthane

chrysene

acenaphthylene



anthracene (a)

benzo(ghi)perylene

fluorene

phenanthrene (a)
Code Typet

426 1
426 1
426 1

426 1

426 1



426 1

426 1

426 1

426 1
Source Day 1

* ND
0.016 ND
0.011 ND

0.017 ND

ND ND



ND *

ND ND

ND *

ND *
Day 2

ND
ND
ND
*
ND

ND
ND
*
*


*
*
ND
*
*
*
*
*
Day 3 »
w
iTl
JRYLLIUM SUBCATE
Q
O
8
*^l
w
w
o
n
1







-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER


Toxic

82.


83.

U)
S 84.
tn

85.

86.


87.

88.

114.

115.


Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)

dibenzo (a , h) anthracene


indeno (1 , 2,3-c ,d)pyrene

pyrene

tetrachloroethylene

toluene


trichloroethylene

vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)

antimony

arsenic

Stream
Code


426


426

426

426

426


426

426

426

426

Sample
Typet


1


1

1

1

1


1

1

1
QC
1
QC
Concentrat ions
Source Day 1


ND ND


ND ND

* ND

* 0.184

0.085 0.029


* 0.017

ND *

<0.003 <0.003

<0.003 0.19

(mg/1)
Day 2


ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
*

0.474
0.481
0.085
0.065

0.015
0.086
*
*
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
r— i
3
Day 3 »
Dd
w
Kj
IT1
f"
. M
- s
to
w
o
w
8
s

w
o
«
<


<0.003

0.12


-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER




Toxic
117.

118.
u>
a\
OO 1 1 Q
o\ » '»•


120.

121.

122.

123.

124.

125.



Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)
beryllium

cadmium


chromium (total)


copper

cyanide (total)

lead

mercury

nickel

selenium


Stream
Code


426

426


426


426

426

426

426

426

426


Sample
Typet


1
QC
1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
1

1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
1
QC




Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


<0.001

<0.004


0.017


0.47



<0.16

<0.0002

<0.006

<0.003

Day 1


230

0.047


0.11


1.6



<0.16

0.0006

0.067

<0.003

Day 2


86
84
0.007
0.005

0.058
0.059

1.2
1.1
32.6**

<0. 168
<0.168
0.0009
0.0008
0.027
0.019
<0.003
<0.003
Day 3


36

0.023


0.090


1.5



<0.16

0.0006

0.032

<0.003

t)
»
H
s
K^j
1
K
W
K
H
s
M
G
td
n
w
Q
O
K
M
W
n
i
<






-------
                                        Table V-13 (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                            PROCESS WATER
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
U)
00


Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


126. silver


127. thallium


128. zinc


Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity

alkalinity

aluminum

ammonia nitrogen
barium

boron


Stream
Code



426


426


426



426

426

426

426
426

426


Sample
Typet



1
QC

1
QC

1
QC


1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
1
1
QC
1
QC


Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1



<0.0005 <0.0005


<0.002 <0.002


0.018 0.10



<1 <1

311 1,300 1,
1,
<0.100 26

4,
0.20 3.3

<0.018 53

Day 2 Day 3



0.006 <0.0005
0.007

<0.002 <0.002
<0.002

0.047 0.091
0.041


<1 <1
<1
400 1,560
270
18 16
19
300**
2.0 2.3
3.6
44 37
39
•D
H
3
K
a
M

3
tr1
1
w
c
da
o

w
O
K

w
M
O
1-3
I
<






-------
    Table V-13 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
        PROCESS WATER
        RAW WASTEWATER


Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

calcium


chemical oxygen demand (COD)

us
g chloride
00
cobalt

fluoride



iron

magnesium

manganese

molybdenum


Stream
Code



426


426


426

426

426



426

426

426

426


Sample
Typet



1
QC

1
Qc

1
QC
l
QC
1
QC


1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
1
r\r>




Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



57


<1


95

<0.012

0.81 5,



1.4

36

0.013

0.005

Day 1



<0.090


55 1
1

66

0.062

600



3.6

1.1

0.065

0.092

Day 2


0.44
0.97

,600 1
,600

<1
<1
0.013
0.014
43 3
47


4.2
3.6
0.19
0.29
0.036
0.030
0.013
0.024
Day 3



4.0


,990


<1

0.044

,500



3*9

2.5

0.083

0.068

*$
50
H
*3?
1
»

pd
s
tr<
F
H
G
S
W
s
O
S
Q
O
»

w
M
O
^
1
<






-------
00
                                         Table V-13 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                             PROCESS WATER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
                                            Stream    Sample        Concentrations (mg/1)
Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

phosphate

sodium 	 . . .


sulfate



tin

titanium



total dissolved solids (TDS)

total organic carbon (TOG)

total solids (TS)

vanadium

Code



426

426 -


426



426

426



426

426

426

426

Typet



1
QC
1
QC

1
QC


1
QC
1
QC


1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
Source



<0.732

17


1,400



<0.12

0.73



550 3,

<1

550 4,

<0.006

Day 1



17

56


130



<0.12

1.9



800

510 1

200

0.22

Day 2



6.6
6.0
41
40

100
100


<0.12
<0.12
1.4
1.4


98
100
,350
980
98
129
<0.006
<0.006
Day 3



9.2

39


83



<0.12

1.7



530

440

570

0.10

i i
Vj
§
K
W
M
K
H
§
to
§
O
i-3
W

O
K!


t/i
w

,
<






-------
GJ
CTs
<£»
O
                                         Table V-13 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                             PROCESS WATER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
                Pollutant
                                       Stream
                                        Code
     Nonconyen t iona1 Pollutan ts (Continued)

     yttrium                                 426
     Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
     total suspended solids (TSS)
     pH (standard units)
426


426


426
      tSample Type Code:  1  - One-time grab

      *Less than or equal to 0.010 rag/1.
         Sample
         Typet
                                                   1
                                                   QC
1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
Source Day 1



<0.001 <0.001



<1 <1


4 34


»
6.84 7.94






Day 2



<0.001
<0.001


5.2

7.9
<1

\ 1

8.09
7.99





Day 3 §
S
K
W
<0.001 gj
s
H
a
1 »J .
Ci
* — i
to
4 [J
Dy
Q
O
7.83 *

en
w
O
1
<
     **Data from split samples analyzed by the plant and used because EPA analyses were
       inconclusive.

-------
                                              Table V-14
                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                   PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT SCRUBBER
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
U)
           Pollutant

Toxic Po1lutan t s

114.  antimony


115.  arsenic


117.  beryllium


118.  cadmium


119.  chromium (total)


120.  copper


122.  lead


123.  mercury
Stream
Code


473

'

- 473


473


473

473


473

473

473

Sample
Typet


1
QC


1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
1
QC

1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


<0.003



< 0.003


<0.001


<0.004

0.017


0.47

<0.16

<0.0002

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3


<0.003
<0.003


0.042
0.060

210
210

0.033
0.034
0.14
0.093

0.58
0.50
<0.168
<0.168
0.0004
0.0003
hj
H
M
Cd
w
S
f
Ir1
H
•C
3
W
s
o
H
W
O
X

Cfl
w
o
•^
1
<




-------
                                         Table V-14 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                    PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT SCRUBBER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
U!
a\
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

124.  nickel


125.  selenium


126.  silver


127.  thallium


128.  zinc


Nonconyentional _P_o 1 lutants

acidity


alkalinity


aluminum
Stream
Code



473


473


473

473


473




473

473

473

Sample
Typet



1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
1
QC

1
QC



1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



<0.006


<0.003


<0.0005

<0.002


0.018





Hj
w
H
Kj
f
H
s
W
c
ttl
a
w
o
o
K


to
W
o
1
<





-------
u>
CO
                                         Table V-14 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                    PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT SCRUBBER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
           Pollutant

Nonconyentlonal Pollutants (Continued)

ammonia nitrogen


barium                -             ~


boron


calcium


chemical oxygen demand (COD)


chloride


cobalt


fluoride
Stream
Code



473



473


473


473

473


473

473

473

Sample
Typet



1
QC


1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
1
QC

1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



6.6



0. 20


<0.018


57

<1


95

<0.012

0.81

Day 1 Day 2



<0.02
<0.02


21
24

57
62

4.5
4.9
1,930
1,900

61
36
0.074
0.035
6,650
6,350
M
Day 3 §
B
w
w
ja
tr<
t1
H

3
W
a
w
Q

W
Q
O
8

w
M
O
^
,
<




-------
                                    Table V-14 (Continued)

                                PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                               PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT SCRUBBER
                                        RAW WASTEWATER
           Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

iron


magnesium


manganese


molybdenum


phosphate


sodium


sulfate


tin


titanium
Stream
Code


473

473


473


473

473


473

473

473

473

Sample
Typet


1
QC
1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
1
QC

1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
1
oc
Concentrations
Source Day 1


1.4

36


0.013


0.005

<0.732


17

1 ,400 1
1
<0.12

0.73

(mg/1)
Day 2


3.7
4.6
1.6
0.72

0.041
0.066

0.083
0.082
2.9
4.0

74
76
40
50
<0. 12
<0.12
1.6
1.4
73
H
Day 3 |
w
w
»
P
H
W
a
a
o

w
8
3

w
w
n
i
<






-------
                                         Table V-14 (Continued)
                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                    PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT SCRUBBER
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
U)
CTl
Ul
           Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

total dissolved solids (TDS)


total organic carbon (TOG)


total solids (TS)


vanadium


yttrium


Conventional Pollutants

oil and grease


total suspended solids (TSS)


pH (standard units)


tSarnple Type Code:  1 - One-time grab
                                                                                                    •X!
Stream
Code



473


473


473


473

473




473

473

473

Sample
Typet



1
QC

1
QC

1
QC

1
QC
1
QC



1
QC
1
QC
1
QC
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2



550 3,910
3,500

<1 470
440

550 3,900
3,700

<0.006 0.12
0.011
<0.001 <0.001
<0.001



<1 < 1
8
4 5
23
6.84 5.41
5.43
*)
M
Day 3 g
»
w
M
t-d
^JN
M
-a-
g

a
w
a

w
Q
0
s

en
M
O
I







-------
                                              Table V-15

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                            CHIP TREATMENT
                                            RAW WASTEWATER
               Pollutant
w
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
122.
123.
124.
125.'
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thall ium
zinc
Stream
Code


495


495

495

495

495

495
495
495

495

495
495
495
495
Sample
Typet


1


1

1

1

1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg
Source Day 1 Day


<0.003


<0.003

<0.001

<0.004

0.017

0.47
<0.16
<0.0002

<0.006

<0.003
<0.0005
<0.002
0.018
/I)
2 Day 3


<0.003


<0.003

3,300

0.063

7.4

1.4
0.20
<0.0002

0.78

<0.003
0,040
<0.002
7.2
H

si
w
w
K
IT"
H
c
3
tfi
c
td
Q
m
o
o

M
O
^
1
<




-------
                                         Table  V-15  (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                                             CHIP TREATMENT
                                             RAW WASTEWATER
CO

Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants

acidity

alkalinity
. _ . - . - -
aluminum


ammonia nitrogen
barium

boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)

chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
Stream
Code


495

495
	
495


495
495

495
495
495

495
495
495
495
495
Sample
Typet


1

1

1


1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1


<1

311

<0.100


6.6
0.20

<0.18
57
<1

95
<0.012
0.81
1.4
36
(mg/1)
Day 2 Day 3


6,300

<1

110


<0.02
0.068

2.3
8.8
300

170
0.10
2,500
87
37
M

*
Cd
M
tT«
f
M
G
3
w
a
td
o
w
o
O
pa

W
a
i
<




-------
w
                                        Table V-15  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                            CHIP TREATMENT
                                            RAW WASTEWATER

Pollutant

Non conventional Pollutants (Continued)

manganese
molybdenum

phosphate

sodium

sulfate

tin
titanium

total dissolved solids (TDS)
total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
Stream
Code



495
495

495

495

495

495
495

495
495
495
495
495
Sample
Typet



1
1

1

1

1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations
Source Day 1



0.013
0.005

<0.732

17

1,400

<0.12
0.73

550
0
550
<0.006
<0.001
(mg/1)
Day 2 Day 3



9.9
0.44

18

51

73

<0.12
3.9

34,000
170
35,000
0.35
<0.001
H
§
K
to
m
1
H
a
g
w
c
m

n
m
Q
o
K

w
M
O
•-a
i




-------
                                        Table V-15  (Continued)
us
o\
VD
                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING DATA

                                            CHIP TREATMENT

                                            RAW WASTEWATER
               Pollutant


    Conventional Pollutants


    oil and grease


    total  suspended solids  (TSS)


    pH  (standard units)
Stream

 Code
 495


 495


 495
Sample

Typet
                                                                    Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
Day 1
Day 2    Day 3
           4


           6.84
                Hj
                #
                H
                3
                                                        w
35


370
0.97





•N
tr"
H

w
a
w
o
w
o
o
                                                                                                    m
                                                                                                    w
                                                                                                    o
                                                                                                    1-3
    tSample Type Code:   1  - One-time grab

-------
                                              Table V-16


                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                      TRIANGULAR LAGOON EFFLUENT
UJ
O
o


Toxic

114.


115.


117.

118.

119.


120.


121.

122.

123.


Pollutant
Pollutants

antimony


arsenic


beryllium

cadmium

chromium (total)


copper


cyanide (total)

lead

mercury

Stream
Code


477


477


477

477

477


477


477

477

477

Sample
Typef


2
QC

2
QC

2
QC
2
QC
2
QC

2
QC

1
QC
2
QC
2
OC
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


<0.003


<0.003


<0.001

<0.004

0.017


0.47


0.12

<0.16

<0.0002

Day 1


' <0.003


<0.003


1.3

0.027

0.084


39




<0.16

<0.0002

Day 2


<0.003
<0.003

<0.003
<0.003

0.46
0.46
<0.004
<0.004
0.043
0.039

2.1
2.7

0.09
0.10
<0.168
<0.168
<0.0002
<0.0002
Day 3


<0.003


<0.003


1.4

0.009

0.11


60




<0.168

<0.0002

*w
50
H
g
1
w
w
F
t-l
H
3
W
a
o
M
Q
1


W
O
Kj
•J
1
<






-------
    Table V-16 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
  TRIANGULAR LAGOON EFFLUENT

Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

124. nickel

125. selenium
1 •

3 126. silver
O
I— 1

127. thallium


128. zinc


Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity

alkalinity

aluminum

Stream
Code



477

477


477


477


477



477

477

477

Sample
Typet



2
QC
2
QC

2
QC

2
QC

2
QC


2
QC
2
QC
2
QC
Concentrations £mg/l)
Source Day 1



<0.006 0.26

<0.003 <0.003


<0.0005 0.042


<0.002 <0.002


0.018 0.42



<1 <1

311 263

<0.100 5.0

Day 2 Day 3



0.015 0.65
0.020
<0.003 <0.003
<0.003

0.010 0.016
0.013

<0.002 <0.002
<0.002

0.11 0.51
0.052


<1 <1

-------
    Table V-16 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
  TRIANGULAR LAGOON EFFLUENT

Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

ammonia nitrogen

barium

boron
UJ
O
K5
calcium


chemical oxygen demand (COD)

chloride

cobalt

fluoride

a cream
Code


477

477

477


477


477

477

477

477

sample
Typet


2
QC
2
QC
2
QC

2
QC

2
QC
2
QC
2
QC
2
QC
uon
Source


6.6

0.20

<0.018


57


<1

95

<0.012

0.81

cencracio
Day 1


13.4

0.28

1.5


40


39

100

0.077

20

ms ^mg/ LJ
Day 2


6.9
9.1
0.21
0.25
0.99
1.2

22
22

34
33
180
270
0.014
0.022
26 4,
28

Day 3


<0.02

0.33

0.90


66


79

230

0.10

500

NJ
H

K$
W
w
sa
H

W
W
O
**L
M
O
O
3
><

w
w
O
1
<



-------
    Table V-16 (Continued)

PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
  TRIANGULAR LAGOON EFFLUENT
       Stream    Sample        Concentrations  (mg/1)	 >|
Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
iron



magnesium

^ manganese
o
UJ
molybdenum

phosphate


sodium


sulfate

tin

titanium

Code


477



477
. . ..
477


477

477


477


477

477

477

Typet


2
QC


2
QC
2
QC

2
QC
2
QC

2
QC

2
QC
2
QC
2
QC
Source


1.4



36

0.013


0.005

<0.732


17 2,


1,400 7,

<0.12

0.73

Day 1


1,7



32

0.094


0.095

480


500 2,
2,

000 3,
3,
<0.12

0.85

Day 2


0.83
0.87


4.0
5.2
0.045
0.035

0.024
0.029
3.8
4.4

100 2,
000

900 4,
900
<0.12
<0.12
<0.010
<0,010
Day 3


2.5



38

0.11


0.031

170


300


300

<0.12

1.0

H
3
i
K
M
K
tr*
tr*
M
i
a
03
O
S
M
O
K;

w
M
O
H
I
<






-------
O
*»
                                         Table  V-16  (Concinued)

                                     PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                      TRIANGULAR  LAGOON  EFFLUENT
                                            Stream     Sample         Concentrations(rag/1)
Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

total dissolved solids (TDS)


total organic carbon (TOC)


total solids (TS)

vanadium


yttrium


Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease

total suspended solids (TSS)

pH (standard units)

Code


477


477


477

477


477



477

477

477

Typet


2
QC

2
QC

2
QC
2
QC

2
QC


1
QC
2
QC
2
QC
Source Day 1


550 12,000 10,
10,

<1 45


550 12,000 11,
11,
<0.006 0.15


<0.001 <0.006



<1 <1

4 170

6.84 7.61

Day 2


000 14,
000

19
19

000 15,
000
<0.006
<0.006

<0.001
<0.001


0
6
24
21
11.20
11.30
Day 3


000


19


000

<0.006


<0.001





260

6.8

r-i
K
W
W
$
tr1
H
C
S
w
G
W
O
w
Q
O
KJ


M
O
i
<




    tSaraple Type Code:  1 - One-time grab
                        2 - Manual composite during  intermittent  process  operation

-------
                                              Table V-17
                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                      NUMBER  6  LAGOON EFFLUENT
o
Ul
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants


  1.   acenaphthene


  2.   acrolein


  3.   aerylonitrile


  4.   benzene

  5.   benzidine


  6.   carbon tetrachloride


  7.   chlorobenzene


  8.   1,2,4-trichlorobenzene


  9.   hexachlorobenzene


 10.   1,2-dichloroethane


 11.   1,1,1-trichloroethane


 12.   hexaehloroethane


 13.   1,1-dichloroethane


 14.   1,1,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code

427

427

427

427

427


427

427
427


427

427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet

6

1

1

1

6


1

1
6


6

1
1
6
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND

ND

. *

*

ND


*

*
ND


ND

*
*
ND
*
*
Day 1

ND

ND

*

*

ND


*

*
ND


ND

*
*
ND
*
*
Day 2

ND

ND

*

0.011

ND


*

*
ND


ND

*
*
*
*
*
Day 3

ND

ND

*

0.014

ND


*

*
ND


ND

*
*
*
*
*
T3
H
3
w
w
K;
p
H
c
M
C
w
o
1-3
W
O
O
JO
K

Ifi
M
O
1-3
I
<





-------
                                    Table V-17 (Continued)
                                PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                   NUMBER 6 LAGOON EFFLUENT
           Pollutant
TOKJC Pollutants (Continued)
 15.   1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
 16.   chloroethane
 17.   bis(chloromethyl)ether
 18.   bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
 19.   2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
 20.   2-chloronaphthalene
 21.   2,4,6-trichlorophenol
 22.   p-chloro-ra-cresol
 23.   chloroform
 24.   2-chlorophenol
 25.   1,2-dichlorobenzene
 26.   1,3-dichlorobenzene
 27.   1,4-dichlorobenzene
 28.   3,3!-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code

427
427

427
427
427
427
427
427
427

427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet

1
1

1
6
1
6
6
6
1

6
6
6
6
A
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source

*
ND

ND
ND
*
ND
ND
ND
*

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1

*
ND

ND
ND
*
ND
ND
*
*

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2

*
ND

ND
ND
*
ND
ND
ND
*

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3

*
ND

ND
ND
*
ND
ND
ND
*

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
IMARY
ffl
W
tr"
H
i
m
o
w
1

w
w
o
(-3
1
<





-------
                                    Table V-17 (Continued)
                                PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                   NUMBER 6 LAGOON EFFLUENT
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
 29.  1,1-dichloroethylene
 30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
 3J.  2,4-dichlorophenol
 32.  1,2-dichloropropane
 33.  1,3-dichloropropene
 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol
 35.  2,4-dinltrotoluene
 36.  2,6-dinltrotoluene
 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine
 38.  ethylbenzene
 39.  fluoranthene
 40.  4~ehlorophenyl phenyl ether
 41.  4-broraophenyl phenyl ether
 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Stream
Code
427
427

427
427

427


427

427
427

427
427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet
1
1

6
1

1


6

6
6

6
1
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1) »3
Source
*
*

ND
*

*


ND

ND
*

*
*
*
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
*
*

ND
*

*


ND

ND
*

ND
*
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
*
*

ND
*

*


ND

ND
*

*
*
ND
ND
ND
*
Day 3
*
*

ND
*

*


ND

ND
*

ND
*
ND
ND
ND
ND
JO
H
W
jl
H
§
CO
w
o
H3
M
Q
O
s
K

M
O
I





-------
                                        Table V-17 (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                       NUMBER 6 LAGOON EFFLUENT
O
00

Toxic

43.
44.

45.

46.

47.


48.
49.
50.


51 j

52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)

bis(2-ehloroethoxy)methane
raethylene chloride

methyl chloride (chloromethane)

methyl bromide (broraomethane)

bromoform (tribroraome thane)


dichlorobromome thane
trichlorof luoromethane
dichlorodif luoromethane


chlorodibromome thane

hexachlorobutad iene
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
isophorone
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
Stream
Code


427
427

427

427

427


427
427
427


427

427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet


6
1

1

1

1


1
1
1


1

6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


*
*

*

ND

*


*
ND
ND


*

ND
ND
ND
*
ND
Day 1


*
*

*

ND

*


*
ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2


*
*

*

ND

*


*
ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
*
*
Day 3


*
*

*

ND

*


*
ND
ND


*.

ND
ND
ND
*
*
nd
jo
H

w
M
jo
f
p
H
G
3
w
G
W
O
1-3
W
Q
O

05
W
O
i-3
I
<





-------
                                        Table V-17 (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                       NUMBER 6 LAGOON EFFLUENT
U)
O
WJ
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 57.  2-nitrophenol

 58.  4-nitrophenol

 59.  2,4-dinitrophenol

 60.  4,6-dinitro-o-eresol

 61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine

 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylaraine

 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

 64.  pentachlorophenol

 65.  phenol

 66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

 67.  butyl benzyl phthalate

 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate

 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate

 70.  diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
427
427
427^
427
427
427
427
427
427
427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet
6
6
6 -
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.024
*
0.157
*
0.076
Day 1
*
ND
ND
0.012
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.012
*
0.087
ND
0.071
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
*
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.014
*
0.049
*
0.018
Day 3
*
ND
ND
ND
*
ND
ND
ND
0.066
*
*
0.026
*
0.018
PRIMARY BER1
g
hH
g
G
a
o
BiTEGORl
>^N
w
w
o
1-3
l
<





-------
                                       Table V-17 (Continued)

                                   PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                      NUMBER 6 LAGOON EFFLUENT
H
O


Toxic
71.
72.

73.
74.

75.

76.
77.
78.


79.

30.
81.
82.
83.
84.

Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
dimethyl phthalate
benzo ( a) an thracene

benzo(a)pyrene
benzo(b)fluoranthene

benzo (k)f luoranthane

chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene (a)


benzo(ghi)perylene

f luorene
phenanthrene (a)
dibenzo(a , h) anthracene
indeno ( 1 , 2,3-c,d)pyrene
pyrene
Stream
Code

427
427

427
427

427

427
427
427


427

427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet

6
6

6
6

6

6
6
6


6

6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations img/1) »
Source

ND
*

*
0.016

0.011

0.017
ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
*
Day 1

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
*


ND

ND
*
ND
ND
ND
Day 3

ND
ND

ND
*

*

ND
ND
*


ND

ND
*
ND
ND
ND
H
•g
|
W
W
$
H
1
1
o
Hi
w
Q
1

W
M
O

1
<





-------
                                         Table  V-17  (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                        NUMBER  6  LAGOON EFFLUENT
U)


Toxic

85.


86.

87.

88.

114.

115.
117.
118.

119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.

Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)

tetrachloroethylene


toluene

trichloroethylene

vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)

antimony

arsenic
beryllium
cadmium

chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
Stream
Code



427


427

427

427

427

427
427
427

427
427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet



1


1

1 - -

1

6

6
6
6

6
6
1
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



*


0.085

*

ND

<0.003

<0.003
<0.001
<0.004

0.017
0.47
0.12
<0.16
<0.0002
<0.006
Day 1



*


*

. ..*

ND

<0.003

<0.003
0.029
0.005

0.013
0.75
0.08
<0.168
0.0011
0.055
Day 2



*


*

*

ND

<0.003

<0.003
0.27
<0.004

0.047
0.59
0.06
<0.168
0.0008
0.029
Day 3



*


*

* '

*

<0.003

<0.003
0.024
<0.004

0.034
0.38
<0.02
<0.168
0.0007
0.023

S
K
w
w
K
t~<
f"
M
c
s
t/J
cj
W
O
t-3
W
CD
O

W
W
O
H3
<





-------
                                         Table  V-17  (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                        NUMBER  6  LAGOON EFFLUENT
                Pollutant

     Toxic  Pollutants (Continued)

     125.   selenium

     126.   silver

     127.   thallium

u>    128.   zinc

N>    Nonconvent ional  Pollutants

     acidity

     alkalinity

     aluminum

     ammonia nitrogen

     barium

     boron

     calcium

     chemical  OKygen  demand  (COD)

     chloride
Stream
Code


427
427

427
427


427

427
427

427
427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet


6
6

6
6


6

6
6

6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1) H
Source


<0.003
<0.0005

<0.002
0.018


<1

311
<0.100

6.6
0.20
<0.018
57
<1
95
Day 1


<0.003
0.017

<0.002
0.006


<1

92
0.28

8.9
0.15
1.2
140
31
510
Day 2


<0.003
0.011

<0.002
0.048


<1

80
<0.100

<0.02
0.27
1.7
97
47
830
Day 3


<0.003
0.019

<0.002
0.019


<1

82
<0.100

210
0.23
1.7
120
25
810
fO
H
S
1
W
w
s
H
G
S
i
o
M
O
O
XJ
K|
w
M
O
<





-------
                                        Table V-17  (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                                       NUMBER 6  LAGOON EFFLUENT
               Pollutant

    Nonconventional Pollutants  (Continued)

    cobalt

    fluoride

    iron

w   magnesium

w   manganese

    molybdenum

    phosphate

    sodium

    sulfate

    tin

    titanium

    total dissolved solids  (TDS)

    total organic carbon  (TOO)

    total solids  (TS)
Stream
Code

427
427
427 ..
427
427
427
427
427

427
427
427
427
427
427
Sample
Typet

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

<0.012
0.81
1.4
36
0.013
0.005
<0.732
17 2

1,400 3
<0.12
0.73
550 10
<1
550 11
Day 1

<0.012
26
1.4
15
0.010
0.022
2.8
,400 1,

,600 3,
<0.12
0.78
,000 9,
12
,000 9,
Day 2

<0.012
16.5
1.8
11
0.045
0.028
1.7
700

700
<0.12
0.70
300
18
800
Day 3

<0.012
17
0.95
12
0.005
0.032
2.6
1,900

3,800
<0.12
<0.010
310
13
300
PRIMARY
Od
t?3
*ri
JYLLIUM
c
o
>
w
o
o
K

w
g
<





-------
                                         Table  V-17  (Continued)


                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                        NUMBER  6  LAGOON EFFLUENT
                Pollutant


    None onv en t iona1  Po11u t an t s  (Continued)


    vanadium


    yttrium


    Conventional Pollutants

Co
-j   oil and grease


    total suspended  solids  (TSS)


    pH (standard units)
Stream
Code



427
427


427

427

427





Sample
Typet



6
6


1

6

6





Concentrations (mg/l)
Source Day 1 Day 2



<0.006 <0.006 <0.006
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001


 >
Hi
34 S
o
8.29 K
en
M
O
1
<
    tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab
                        6 - 24-hour automatic composite


    *Less than or equal to 0.010 mg/i.

-------
                                                Table V-18

                                      PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                            LIME TANK EFFLUENT
                                                                                                     hj
                 Pollutant
U)
ui
Toxic
114.
115.
1.17.
iis.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code

487
487 __
V
487
487
487
487
487
487
487
487
487
487
487
487
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) g
Source

<0.003
<0.003
<0.001
<0.004
0.017
0.47
0.12
<0.16
<0.0002
<0.006
<0.003
<0.0005
<0.002
0.018
Day 1
<0.003
0.47
240
0.13
8.4
2.5
11
1.1
<0.0002
<0.300
<0.003
0.089
<0.002
2.6
Day 2

<0.003
0.33
1 00
0.032
2.0
13
21
0.54
<0.0002
0.50
<0.003
0.098
<0.002
0.93
Day 3

<0.003
<0.003
550
0.23
13
7.7
<0.02
2.3
<0.0002
3.9
<0.003
0.27
<0.002
4.1
g
K
W
M
H
a
3
w
o
**~j
\TEGORY

M
O
HI
1
<





-------
                                        Table V-18  (Continued)


                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                          LIME TANK EFFLUENT
to
-4
I-1
           Pollutant

Noncqnyentiqnal Pollutants

acidity

alkalinity

aluminum

ammonia nitrogen

barium

boron

calcium

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

chloride

cobalt

fluoride

iron

magnesium
Stream
Code



487

487
487

487
487


487
487
487


487
487
487
487
487
Sample
Typet



1

1
1

1
1


1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



<1

311 29,
<0.100

6.6
0.20


<0.018
57 11,
<1 1


95 1,
<0.012
0.81 34,
1.4
36 1,
Day 1



<1

000 . 20,
<0.100

<0.02
2.9


9.1
000 12,
500


300
0.16
000 55,
310
300
Day 2



<1

000
69

<0.02
3.3


29
000 1
<1


<1
0.076
000
110
370
Day 3



<1

2,800
<0.100

<0.02
2.9


12
8,000
1,630


<1
0.23
14
630
490
H
•bl
B
Kj
IB
W
tr<
Ir1
H
^
c
w
o
M
Q
o


w
w
o
^
1
<




-------
                                         Table  V-18 (Continued)
                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA

                                           LIME  TANK EFFLUENT
-j
i->
-j
           Pollutant


Nonconventional Pollutants  (Continued)


manganese


molybdenum


phosphate         .._-..


sodium


sulfate


tin


titanium


total dissolved solids (TDS)


total organic carbon (TOG)


total solids (TS)


vanadium


yttrium
Stream
Code

487
487


487

487

487

487

487
487

487

487
487
487
Sample
Typet

1
1


1

1

1

1

1
1

1

1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

0.013
0.005


< 0.732

17

1,400 21

<0.12

0.73
550 4

<1

550 150
<0.006
<0.001
Day 1

5.0
0.26


56

810

,000 1

<0.12

9.1
,900 20

19

,000 20
1.1
<0.001
Day 2

1.6
0,11


13

420

,500

<0.12

4.2
,000 16,

300

,000 17,
0.39
<0.001
Day 3

8.1
0.53


20

270

320

<0.12

13
000

550

000
1.8
<0.001
%*
JO
2
W
w
10
p
H
C
s
w
c
o
H
W
O
O
yj
Hj

M
w
o
H
i
<



-------
                                         Table V-18 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                          .LIME TANK EFFLUENT
H
03
                Pollutant

     Conventional  Pollutants

     oil and grease

     total  suspended solids  (TSS)

     pH  (standard  units)
Stream Sample
Code Typet


487 1

487 1


487 1











Concentrations (mg/1) >5
Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 |
K
w
/ 1 1 Q / 1 C. M
<1 18 <1 6 g
K;
4 130,000 420 29 $
. . . H
CJ
6.84 10.40 11.20 9.28 3
a
w
o
w
Q
O
w
n
1-3
1
<
    tSample  Type  Code:   1  - One-time  grab

-------
                                              Table V-19

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                          STRIPPER EFFLUENT
               Pollutant
VO
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code
488
488
488 -
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
Sample
Typet
1
1
1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) »
Source
<0.003
<0.003
<0.001
<0.004
0.017
0.47
0.12
<0.16
<0.0002
<0.006
<0.003
<0.0005
<0.002
0.018
Day 1
<0.003
0.53
-340
0.18
11
3.2
4.2
1.8
<0.0002
<0.006
< 0.003
0.15
<0.002
4.0
Day 2
<0.003
<0.003
39
0.014
0.91
5.7
2.4
0.19
<0.0002
0.34
<0.003
0.025
<0.002
0.63
Day 3
<0.003
0.15
480
0.019
0.33
4.5
<0.02
0.20
<0.0002
0.15
<0.003
0.013
<0.002
0.41
i — i
tu
w
t-»
M
i
G
td
O
W
Q
O
K!

W
M
I
<





-------
                                        Table V-19  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING  DATA
                                          STRIPPER  EFFLUENT
NJ
O
           Pollutant

Nonconventiqnal Pollutants

acidity

alkalinity

aluminum

ammonia nitrogen

barium

boron

calcium

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

chloride

cobalt

fluoride

iron

magnesium
Stream
Code

488
488
488

488

488
488
488
488
488

488
488
488
488
Sample
Typet

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

<1
311 9,
<0.100

6.6

0.20
<0.018
57 16,
<1
95

<0.012
0.81 40,
1.4
36 2f
Day 1

<1
900 6,
<0.100

<0.02

3.9
18
000 7,
<1 1,
130

0.21
000 9,
550
600
Day 2
<1
000
32

<0.02

1.7
17
300 7,
300 1,
<1 1,

0.067
700
50
290
Day 3

<1
25
43

<0.02

1.6
8.4
500
320
700

0.051
23
26
160
•u
H
5!
w
w
H
1
W
§
n
M
Qi
O

en
o
i-3
i
<




-------
                                    Table V-19 (Continued)

                                PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                      STRIPPER EFFLUENT
           Pollutant

Nonconvent ional Pollutants (Continued)

manganese

molybdenum

phosphate

sodium

sulfate

tin

titanium

total dissolved solids (TDS)

total organic carbon (TOG)

total solids (TS)

vanadium

yttrium
Stream
Code

488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
488
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

Q.
0.
<0.
17
1,400
<0.
0.
550
0
550
<0.
<0.

013
005
732

15,
12
73
13,

160,
006
001
Day 1 Da^ 2 Day 3

8.
0.
56
700
000
12
000
920
000
1.

-------
                                         Table V-19 (Continued)

                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                           STRIPPER EFFLUENT
Ul
~4
N3
tvJ
                Pollutant

     Cony ent ional Pollutan ts

     oil  and grease

     total  suspended solids (TSS)

     pH (standard units)
Stream Sample
Code Typet



488 1
488 1


488 1












Concentrations (mg/1) pa
Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 £»
to
K
Cd
<-1 11 <1 18 g
4 150,000 12,000 68 £
H
G
6.84 8.61 7.85 9.09 3
m
G
W
O
M
Q
O
PO
K
w
M
O
1-3
     tSample  Type  Code:   1  - One-time grab

-------
                                               Table V-20


                                     PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                            NUMBER 5 LAGOON
                Pollutant
to
U)
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
-beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code

480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) q
Source

<0.003
<0.003
<0.001
<0.004
0.017
0.47
0.12
<0.16
<0.0002
<0.006
<0.003
<0.0005
<0.002
0.018
Day 1 Day 2

<0.003
< 0.003
0.74
<0.004
0.043
0.17

<0.168
<0.0002
0.11
<0.003
0.093
<0.003
0.034
Day 3 g
K
tO
M
tr"
M
to
c
Cd
n
1-3
O
O
3
Kj

Crt
w
O
H3
<





-------
                                    Table V-20 (Continued)
                                PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                       NUMBER 5 LAGOON
           Pollutant
Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity
alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
barium
boron
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
chloride
cobalt
fluoride
iron
magnesium
Stream
Code

480

480


480 -

480

480

480, _
480
480

480

480
480
480
480
Sample
Typet

1

1


1

1

1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ?o
Source

<1

311


<0.100

6.6

0.20

<0.018
57
<1

95

<0.012
0.81
1.4
36
Day 1

<1

180


0.19

53

0.22

1.5
100
31

570

0.024
43
0.41
57
Day 2 Day 3 s
ea
M
1
i-
H
d
s
w
§
o
H3
M
O
O

OT
M
O
H
1
<




-------
en
                                        Table V-20  (Continued)

                                    PRIMARY BERYLLIUM  SAMPLING  DATA
                                           NUMBER 5 LAGOON
Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample
Concentrations (mg/1) 3
Typet Source
Day 1 Day 2
Day 3 S
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued) HJ
manganese
molybdenum
phosphate -
sodium
sulfate
tin
titanium
total dissolved solids (TDS)
total organic carbon (TOG)
total solids (TS)
vanadium
yttrium
480
480
- 480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
1 0.
1 0.
1 <0.
1 17
1 1,400
1 <0.
1 0.
1 550
1 <1
1 550
1 <0.
1 <0.
013
005
732
4,
16,
12
73
19,
20,
006
001
0.059
0.21
2.8
400
000
<0.12
<0.010
000
7.0
000
0.017
<0.001
03
M
H
1
w
§
o
w
Q
O

m
a
o
1-3
I
<



-------
                                         Table  V-20 (Continued)


                                     PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM SAMPLING DATA
                                            NUMBER  5  LAGOON
Ul
-J
a\
                Pollutant


     Conventional Pollutants


     oil and grease


     total suspended solids (TSS)


     pH (standard units)
Stream
 Code
480


480


480
         Sample

         Typet
Source
                                                                     Concentrat ions  (mg/_l)_
 4


 6.84
                   Day  3
54


 8.89
                                    pa
                                    H
                                    g
                                                        to
                                                        w
                                                        M
                                                        tr1
                                                        H

                                                        I

                                                        W
                                                        G
                                                        tt)
                                                        O
                                                        >
                                                        (-1
                                                        w
                                                        n
                                                        o
                                                                                                     w

                                                                                                     n

                                                                                                     i

                                                                                                     <
     tSaraple Type Code:  1  - One-time grab

-------
      PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
    SECT  -  V
BeO Calcining Caustic
Scrubber-Furnaces 4,5,
              &6
                             481
BeO Calcining Caustic
Scrubber-Furnaces 7,8
                             484
              Boiler Slowdown,
              Water Softening
              Sludge, Cooling
              Tower Slowdown,
              Stormwater,  and
              Drainage from
              Chemical Storage
              Area
                                                        rwas
                                                        Be-
                                                 	
             Other Process
             Wastewater from
                •Cu Forming
Triangular
  Lagoon
CaO
                                                         477
                                            Number
                                               3
                                            Lagoon
                                                            •CaCl,
                                                            •HMO,
                                            Number
                                               6
                                            Lagoon
                                                         427
                                     Continous Discharge
                                          to River
                          Figure V-1
          SAMPLING  LOCATIONS AT BERYLLIUM  PLANT A
               BERYLLIUM OXIDE PRODUCTION  AREA
                              3727

-------
         PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY     SECT  -  V
Pebble Plant Area Vent
      Scrubber
                    x\
                     473
    Process Water Pit
    Chip Treatment
  Beryllium hydroxide
      Supernatant
                                     426
                                    495
                              MgF  Slurry
                                    491
                              Figure V-2
              Sludges  and
              -Wastewater
  Lime
  Tank
                                                                    CaO
                                                                    CaCl,
                                                            487
                                                Stripping
                                                 Tank
                                                                Sodium
                                                                Hypochloride
                  -Air
                                                            488
Number
   5
Lagoon
Recycle
to MgF,
Slurry
                                                           /\
                                                            480
                                           Periodic Discharge
                                                to River
             SAMPLING LOCATIONS AT BERYLLIUM PLANT A -
                  BERYLLIUM METAL PRODUCTION AREA
                               3728

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI



                          ' SECTION VI

                SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

Section  V  of  this  supplement  presented  data  from   primary
beryllium plant sampling visits and subsequent chemical analyses.
This  section examines that data and discusses the  selection  or
exclusion of pollutants for potential limitation.

Each pollutant selected for potential limitation is discussed  in
Section  VI  of  Vol. I.  That  discussion  provides  information
concerning  the  nature of the pollutant (i.e., whether it  is  a
naturally occurring substance, processed metal, or a manufactured
compound);  general  physical  properties and  the  form  of  the
pollutant;  toxic  effects of the pollutant in humans  and  other
animals;   and  behavior  of  the  pollutant  in  POTW   at   the
concentrations expected in industrial discharges.

The  discussion that follows presents and briefly  discusses  the
selection  of  conventional  and nonconventional  pollutants  for
effluent  limitations.   Also described is the analysis that  was
performed  to  select or exclude toxic  priority  pollutants  for
further consideration for limitations and standards.   Pollutants
will  be  considered  for  limitation  if  they  are  present  in
concentrations  treatable by the technologies considered in  this
analysis.   The  treatable^concentrations used for  the  priority
metals  were  the  long-term  performance  values  achievable  by
chemical  precipitation.  sedimentation,  and  filtration.    The
treatable concentrations used for the priority organics were  the
long-term performance values achievable by carbon adsorption.

CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

This   study   examined  samples  from  the   primary   beryllium
subcategory  for three conventional pollutant parameters (oil and
grease,  total suspended solids, . and pH) and two nonconventional
pollutant parameters (ammonia and fluoride).

Other  nonconventional pollutants were  analyzed  for,  including
aluminum,  barium,  boron,  cobalt,  iron,   magnesium, manganese,
molybdenum,  tin,  titanium, and vanadium.   These nonconventional
pollutants  were not selected for limitations in this subcategory
because they were generally not found in treatable concentrations
in  raw  wastewater samples,  and there is  no reason  to  believe
these pollutants should be present based on an examination of the
raw  materials and production processes involved.   In  addition,
the  Agency  believes these nonconventional  pollutants  will  be
effectively  controlled  by the limitations established  for  the
selected priority metal pollutants.

CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT  PARAMETERS SELECTED

The  conventional  and  nonconventional pollutants  or  pollutant
parameters selected for limitation in this  subcategory are:


                               3729

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
 ammonia
 fluoride
 total suspended solids (TSS)
 PH

Although  ammonia was not proposed for  limitations/  the  Agency
stated  that it was considering limiting ammonia in the Notice of
Data Availability,  based on data received in a comment.  Ammonia
is selected for regulation in this subcategory.  In samples split
and analyzed by the primary beryllium plant sampled, up to  4,300
mg/1  of  NH3 were found in samples of  process  water.   Ammonia
compounds  are  used throughout the beryllium production  process
and  are expected to be present in wastewaters generated  by  the
process.   Therefore,  the Agency is selecting this pollutant for
regulation.

Fluoride  was detected in all 14 raw wastewater samples analyzed.
Eleven  of the observed concentrations were above  the  treatable
concentration   of  14.5  mg/1.    The  treatable  concentrations
observed ranged from 35 to 6,650 mg/1.  For this reason, fluoride
is selected for limitation in this subcategory.

TSS  concentrations  ranging from less than 1 to  370  mg/1  were
observed in the 13 raw waste samples analyzed for this study. Ten
of   the  concentrations  are  above  the  2.6   mg/1   treatable
concentration.  Most of the specific methods used to remove toxic
metals  do  so by converting these metals  to  precipitates,  and
these   toxic-metal-containing   precipitates   should   not   be
discharged.  Meeting a limitation on total suspended solids helps
ensure  that removal of these precipitated toxic metals has  been
effective.   For  these  reasons,  total  suspended  solids   are
selected for limitation in this subcategory.

The  14 pH values observed during this study ranged from 0.97  to
11.5.    Effective  removal  of  toxic  metals  by  precipitation
requires  careful  control of pH.   Since pH control  within  the
desirable limits is readily attainable by available treatment, pH
is selected for limitation in this subcategory.

TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

The frequency of occurrence of the priority metal pollutants  and
cyanide in the raw wastewater samples taken is presented in Table
VI-1 (page 3739).  Table Vl-1 is based on the raw wastewater data
from  streams 481. 484. 491, 426. 473, and 495 (see  Section  V).
These  data provide the basis for the categorization of  specific
pollutants, as discussed below.  Treatment plant samples were not
considered in the frequency count.

Some  samples  were analyzed for toxic  organic  pollutants,  and
although  these analytical data were not available in  sufficient
time  prior  to  the regulatory proposal to  allow  for  thorough
analysis,  these  data are presented in Section V and  have  been
used  in the selection of pollutant parameters for limitation for


                               3730

-------
           PRIMARY BERYI/LIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


 the promulgated regulation.

 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 The  toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 3742)  were  not
 detected  in  any raw wastewater samples from  this  subcategory;
 therefore,   they   are  not  selected   for   consideration    in
 establishing limitations.

 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
 QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION

 The toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-3 (page 3744) were  never
 found above their analytical quantification concentration in  any
 raw wastewater samples from this subcategory; therefore, they are
 not selected for consideration in establishing limitations.

 TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
 TREATMENT

 The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration  in
 establishing  limitations because they were not found in any  raw
 wastewater  samples  from this subcategory  above  concentrations
 considered   achievable  by  existing  or   available   treatment
 technologies.    These   pollutants  are  discussed  individually
 following the list.

 114.  arsenic
 123.  mercury

Arsenic was detected above its quantifiable concentration of 0.01
mg/1  in  four out of 14 raw wastewater  samples  analyzed.   The
quantifiable  concentrations observed ranged from 0.042  to  0.19
mg/1,  all  of  which  are  below  the  concentration  considered
achievable by available treatment technology (0.34 mg/1).

Arsenic  is therefore not selected for further consideration  for
 regulation.

Mercury   was  detected  above  the   analytical   quantification
concentration  in six out of 14 raw wastewater samples  analyzed.
The largest concentration observed is 0.0009 mg/1, which is  well
below  the  treatable concentration of 0.036  mg/1.    Mercury  is
 therefore not selected for further consideration for regulation.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES

The   toxic  pollutants  listed  below  were  not   selected   for
limitation because they were detectable in the effluent from only
a small number of sources within the subcategory and are uniquely
related to only those sources.

   3.   acrylonitrile
   4.   benzene             j
   6.   carbon tetrachloride
                               3731

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


  10.  1,2-dichloroethane
  13.  If1-dichloroethane
  15.  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
  19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
  22.  p-ehloro-m-cresol
  23.  chloroform
  29.  1,1-dichloroethylene
  30.  1r2-trans-dichloroethylene
  32.  1,2-propropane
  33.  1,3-dichloropropene
  44.  methylene chloride
  47.  bromoform
  48.  dichlorobromomethane
  51.  chlorodibromomethane
  68.  di-n-butyl phthalate
  70.  diethyl phthalate
  85.  tetrachloroethylene
  86.  toluene
  87.  trichloroethylene
 118.  cadmium
 122.  lead
 124.  nickel
 126.  silver
 128.  zinc

Acrylonitrile  was detected above the level considered achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in three out  of
three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable  concentrations
observed are 1.68.  4.59 and 4.56 mg/1.  The Agency has no reason
to believe that treatable concentrations of acrylonitrile  should
be present in primary beryllium wastewaters.  The Agency believes
that these observed values are not representative and may be  due
to  analytical error or site specific factors.  Acrylonitriile  is
therefore not selected for further consideration for limitation.

Benzene  was  detected above the level considered  achievable  by
identified  treatment  technology  in  three  out  of  three  raw
wastewater  samples.   The treatable concentrations observed  are
0.188r  0.207,  and  0.617  mg/1.   The Agency has no  reason  to
believe  that  treatable  concentrations  of  benzene  should  be
present  in primary beryllium wastewaters.  The  Agency  believes
that these observed values are not representative and may be  due
to  analytical  error  or  site  specific  factors.   Benzene  is
therefore not selected for further consideration for limitation.

Carbon  tetrachloride  was detected above  the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentrations  observed  are 0.069, 0.161 and 0.164  mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
carbon  tetrachloride  should  be present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.  Carbon tetrachloride is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.
                               3732

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
1,2-Dichloroethane  was  detected  above  the  level   considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in two
out   of   three   raw   wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations observed are 0.211 and 0.142 mg/1.  The Agency has
no  reason  to  believe that treatable  concentrations  of  1  2-
dichloroethane   should   be   present   in   primary   beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific  factors.  1,2-Dichloroethane is therefore not  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

1,1-Dichloroethane  was  detected  above  the  level   considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentrations observed are 0.019,  0.043,  and 0.043 mg/1.   The
Agency  has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations of
1,1-dichloroethane   should  be  present  in  primary   beryllium
wastewaters.   The Agency believes that these observed values are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.   1,1-Dichloroethane is therefore not  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was detected above the level considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in one
out of three raw wastewater samples.  The treatable concentration
observed is 0.078 mg/1.  The Agency has no reason to believe that
treatable  concentrations of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane should  be
present  in primary beryllium wastewaters.   The Agency  believes
that  the observed value is not representative and may be due  to
analytical   error   or   site   specific   factors.     1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethane   is   therefore  not  selected   for   further
consideration for limitation.

2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether was detected above the level considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentrations observed are 0.101,  0.014,  and 0.030 mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
2-chloroethyl  vinyl ether should be present in primary beryllium
wastewaters.   The Agency believes that these observed values are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific  factors.   2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether is  therefore  not
selected for further consideration for limitation.

Parachlorometacresol  was  detected  above the  level  considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in one
out of three raw wastewater samples.  The treatable concentration
observed is 0.072 mg/1.  The Agency has no reason to believe that
treatable   concentrations  of  parachlorometacresol  should   be
present  in primary beryllium wastewaters.   The Agency  believes
that  the observed value is not representative and may be due  to
analytical error or site specific factors.   Parachlorometacresol
is   therefore  not  selected  for  further   consideration   for
limitation.
                               3733

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
Chloroform  was detected above the level considered achievable by
identified  treatment  technology (0.010 mg/1) in  three  out  of
three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable  concentrations
observed  are 0.044,  0.106,  and 0.109 mg/1.   The Agency has no
reason  to  believe that treatable concentrations  of  chloroform
should be present in primary beryllium wastewaters.   The  Agency
believes  that  these observed values are not representative  and
may  be  due  to  analytical  error  or  site  specific  factors.
Chloroform  is therefore not selected for  further  consideration
for limitation.

1,1-Dichloroethylene  was  detected  above the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentrations observed are 0.047,  0.111,  and 0.115 mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
1,1-dichloroethylene  should  be  present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters.   The Agency believes that these observed values are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.  1,1-Dichloroethylene is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.

1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene   was   detected   above   the   level
considered  achievable by identified treatment technology  (0.010
mg/1)  in  three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The
treatable  concentrations  observed are 0.053, 0.134,  and  0.133
mg/1.   The  Agency  has  no reason  to  Believe  that  treatable
concentrations of 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene should be present in
primary  beryllium wastewaters.  The Agency believes  that  these
observed  values  are  not  representative  and  may  be  due  to
analytical   error   or  site   specific   factors.    1,2-Trans-
dichloroethylene   is   therefore  not   selected   for   further
consideration for limitation.

1,2-Dichloropropane  was  detected  above  the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentrations observed are 0.043,  0.113,  and 0.104 mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
1,2-dichloropropane  should  be  present  in  primary   beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  sire
specific factors.  1,2-Dichloropropane is therefore not  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

1,3-Dichloropropene  was  detected  above  the  level  considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in two
out   of   three   raw   wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations observed are 0.036 and 0.023 mg/1.  The Agency has
no  reason  to  believe that  treatable  concentrations  of  1,3-
dichloropropene   should   be  present   in   primary   beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.  1,3-Dichloropropene is therefore not  selected


                               3734

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


for further consideration for limitation.

Methylene  chloride  was  detected  above  the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three  out  of  three  raw  wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentrations observed are 0.114,  0.211,  and 0.208 mg/1.   The
Agency  has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations of
methylene  chloride  should  be  present  in  primary   beryllium
wastewaters.   The Agency believes that these observed values are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific  factors.   Methylene chloride is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Bromoform  was detected above the level considered achievable  by
identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in two out of  three
raw  wastewater samples.   The treatable concentrations  observed
are  0.130 and 0.077 mg/1.:   The Agency has no reason to  believe
that  treatable concentrations of bromoform should be present  in
primary  beryllium wastewaters.   The Agency believes that  these
observed  values  are  not  representative  and  may  be  due  to
analytical   error  or  site  specific  factors.    Bromoform  is
therefore not selected for further consideration for limitation.

Dichlorobromomethane  was  detected above  the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three   of   three  raw  wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed are 0.021, 0.041. and 0.041  mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
dichlorobromomethane  should  be  present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.   Dichlorobromomethane is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Chlorodibromomethane  was  detected above  the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three   of   three  raw  wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed are 0.080, 0.288, and 0.139  mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
Chlorodibromomethane  should  be  present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.   Chlorodibromomethane is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Di-ri-butyl  phthalate  was detected above  the  level  considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1)  in two
out   of   three   raw   wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations observed are 0.034 and 0.134 mg/1.   The Agency has
no reason to believe that treatable concentrations of  di-n-butyl
phthalate  should  be present in primary  beryllium  wastewaters.
The   Agency  believes  that  these  observed  values   are   not
representative  and  may  be  due to  analytical  error  or  site
specific factors.   Di-n-butyl phthalate is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.


                               3735

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
Diethyl  phthalate  was  detected  above  the  level   considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in one
out of three raw wastewater samples.  The treatable concentration
observed is 0.270 mg/1.  The Agency has no reason to believe that
treatable  concentrations of diethyl phthalate should be  present
in  primary beryllium wastewaters.   The Agency believes that the
observed value is not representative and may be due to analytical
error or site specific factors.   Diethyl phthalate is  therefore
not selected for further consideration for limitation.

Tetrachloroethylene  was  detected  above  the  level  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three   of   three  raw  wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations observed are 0.184,  0.474,  and 0.481 mg/1.   The
Agency  has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations of
tetrachloroethylene  should   be  present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors.  Tetrachloroethylene is therefore not  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Toluene  was  detected above the level considered  achievable  by
identified  treatment technology (0.010 mg/1) in three  of  three
raw  wastewater samples.   The treatable concentrations  observed
are 0.029,  0.084,  and 0.064 mg/1.   The Agency has no reason to
believe  that  treatable  concentrations  of  toluene  should  be
present  in primary beryllium wastewaters.   The Agency  believes
that  these observed values are not representative and may be due
to  analytical  error  or  site  specific  factors.   Toluene  is
therefore not selected for further consideration for limitation.

Trichloroethylene   was  detected  above  the  level   considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.010  mg/1)  in
three   of   three  raw  wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed are 0.017, 0.014, and 0.086  mg/1.   The
Agency has no reason to believe that treatable concentrations  of
trichloroethylene   should  be  present  in   primary   beryllium
wastewaters.  The Agency believes that these observed values  are
not  representative  and may be due to analytical error  or  site
specific factors. Trichloroethylene is therefore not selected for
further consideration for limitation.

Although  these  pollutants were not selected for  limitation  in
establishing nationwide regulations,  it may be appropriate, on a
case-by-case  basis,  for the local permit issuing  authority  to
specify effluent limitations.

Cadmium detected above the concentration considered achievable by
identified treatment technology (0.049 mg/1)  in one out of 14 raw
wastewater  samples.   The  treatable  concentration  observed  is
0.063 mg/1.   The Agency has no reason to believe that  treatable
cadmium  concentrations  should be present in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters   and   believes   that  this  one   value   is   not
representative  of  the subcategory.   Cadmium is  therefore  net


                               3736

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


selected for further consideration for limitation.

Lead  was detected above the concentration considered  achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.08 mg/1) in one out of  14
raw wastewater samples.   The treatable concentration observed is
0.20  mg/1.   The Agency has no reason to believe that  treatable
lead  concentrations  should  be  present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters   and   believes   that  this  one   value   is   not
representative  of  the  subcategory.    Lead  is  therefore  not
selected for limitation.

Nickel was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.204 mg/1) in one out of 14
raw wastewater samples.   The treatable concentration observed is
0.78  mg/1.   The Agency has no reason to believe that  treatable
nickel  concentrations  should be present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters,  and  does  not  believe  that  this  one  value  is
representative  of  the  subcategory.   Nickel is  therefore  not
selected for further consideration for limitation.

Silver was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.07 mg/1) in three out of 14
raw  wastewater samples   The treatable  concentrations  observed
range  from 0.10 mg/1 to 0.32 mg/1.   The Agency has no reason to
believe that treatable silver concentrations should be present in
primary beryllium wastewaters.   Silver is therefore not selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Zinc  was detected above the concentration considered  achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.23 mg/1) in one out of  14
raw wastewater samples.   The treatable concentration observed is
7.2  mg/1.   The Agency has no reason to believe  that  treatable
zinc  concentrations  should  be  present  in  primary  beryllium
wastewaters,  and  does  not  believe  that  this  one  value  is
representative.   Zinc  is  therefore not  selected  for  further
consideration for limitation.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION HJ
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS

The  priority  pollutants listed below are selected  for  further
consideration in establishing limitations and standards for  this
subcategory.    The   toxic,  pollutants  selected   for   further
consideration  for  limitation are each discussed  following  the
list.

 117.   beryllium
 119.   chromium
 120.   copper
 121.   cyanide

Beryllium   was  detected  above  the  concentration   considered
achievable  by identified treatment technology (0.20 mg/1) in all
14 raw wastewater samples.  'The treatable concentrations observed
range  from  0.49 mg/1 to 3/300  mg/1.    Beryllium  is  therefore


                               3737

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


selected for further consideration for limitation.

Chromium   was   detected  above  the  concentration   considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology  (0,07  mg/1)  in
eight   out  of  14  raw  wastewater  samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed  range  from  0.086 mg/1  to  7.5  mg/1.
Chromium  is  therefore selected for  further  consideration  for
limitation.

Copper was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.39 mg/1) in nine out of 14
raw  wastewater samples.   The treatable concentrations  observed
range from 0.50 mg/1 to 1.6 rag/1.   Copper is therefore  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Although  cyanide  was not proposed for limitations,  the  Agency
stated that it was considering limiting cyanide in the Notice  of
Data Availability,  based on data received in a comment.  Cyanide
was  detected  above the concentration considered  achievable  by
identified  treatment technology (0.047 mg/1) in the only  sample
for which the Agency has reliable cyanide data.  This sample  was
a  split  sample  from  the Agency's  sampling  visit  which  was
analyzed  by  the facility.  The observed concentration  of  32,6
mg/1  was verified by the plant as being a  representative  value
for  process  water.   Cyanide  is formed  in  the  carbon  lined
induction  furnaces  which  are used  to  produce  BeP4  from
{NH4)2BeF4-  The  cyanide is picked up  in  the  fluorine
furnace  scrubber which discharges an ammonium fluoride  solution
to various plant processes.
                               3738

-------
                                                       Table  VI-1

                             FREQUENCY OF  OCCURRENCE  OF  PRIORITY  POLLUTANTS
                                        PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SUBCATEGORY
                                                    RAW  WASTRWATER
1,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
a.
9.
UJ 10.
-J 11.
W 12.
« 13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
18.
3
Ci
el
1
hi
1
1,
h<
1,
1
1
c»
b:
bi
2-
2-
2,
pi
c]
2-
1,
1
1,
3,
1,
1
2,
1
1
2
2
2
1
el
f
      Pollutant

acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonltrlle
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetrachloride
ehlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
1,2-dichlorobenzene
t,1,1-trlchlotobenzene
hexachloroethane
1,1-dlchloroethane
t, 1,2-trichloroethane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
chloroethane
blstchloromethyUether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
parachlorometa cresol
chloroform
2-chlorophenol
1,2-
w
Q
O
3
K



C/3
M
O
H
I


-------
                                                   Table  VI-1  (Continued)
                                 FREQUENCY  OF OCCURRENCE  OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                             PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM  SUBCATEGORY
                                                         RAW  WASTEWATER
          Pollutant

40.   4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41.   4-bronophenyl phanyl ether
42.   bis(2-chlorolsopropyl)ether
43-   biaS2-chloroethoxy)i!iethane
44.   methylene chloride
45.   methyl chloride
46.   methyl bromide
47.   bronoform
48.   dichlorobromomethane
49.   trichlorofluoromethane
50.   diehlorodifiuoromethane
51.   chlorodibromoraethane
52.   hexachlorobutajiene
53.   hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54,   isophorone
55.   naphthalene
56.   nitrobenzene
57.   2-nitrophenol
58.   4-nitrophenol
59.   2,4-dinitrophenol
60.   4,6-Uinltro-o-cresol
61.   n-nitroaodimethylaraine
62.   n-nitrosodiphenylanine
63.   n-nltroso-n-piopylaraine
64.   pentachlorophenol
65.   phenol
66.   bls(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
67.   biltyl benzyl phthalate
68.   dl-n-butyl phthalate
69.   di-n-octyl phthalate
70.   diethyl phthalate
71.   dimethyl phthalate
72.   benzola)anthracene
73.   benzol aJpyrene
74.   3,4-benzofluoranthene
75.   benzo(k)fluoranthene
76,   chryaene
77.   acenaphthylene
78.   anthracene
79.   benzoi g,h, Dperylene
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
(rag/1 ) (a)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
{ag/1 )(b)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0,010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010

Nussber of N matter of
Streams Samples
Analyzed Analyzed
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 . - . . . 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3



ND
3
3
3
2




3
3

31
3
3

2
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
3


1
3

1
3
3
2
2
3
1

2
Detected Detected
Detected Below Below Treat- Above Treat-
Qjantification able Concen- able Concen-
Concent ration tratlon tration



1
3
3
3
1 2
3


3

- - , —

3
1




1
2



3
3
2

2 1
2


1
1

2
3
1

trj
W
H
1
K

W
W

1
H
G
S

G
tD
O
1-3
W
Q
O
a



en
W
O
H3
l


-------
U)
               Pollutant
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
t luorene
phenanthrene
dibenzol a ,h) anthracene
indeno( 1,2,3-cdlpyrene
pyrene
tetrachloroethylene
toluene
t rich lor oethylene
vinyl chloride
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide (c)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
                                                   Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                                    FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE  OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                              PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                                                        RAW WASTEWATER
Analytical Treatable
Quantification Concentra-
Concentration
(ng/l)(a) (n>

0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.010
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.100
0.050

tration was reported
tlon
i/l)(b)

0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010 '
0.47
0.34
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23

with the
Number of
Streams
Analyzed








1
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

data (see Section
Number of
Samples
Analyzed

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
14
14
14
14
14
14
1
14
14
14
14
14
14
14

V).
Detected Below
Quantification
NO Concentration

3
3
3
3
2 1



"a
14
to

4



13
8

14
6
14
4


Detected Detected
Below Treat- Above Treat-
able Concen- able Concen-
tration tration






3
3
	 	 - - 3.


4
14
9 1
6 8
5 9
1
1
6
.13 1

5 3

9 1


td
M
3
»
K
W
M
3?
S
tr1
M
i

w
c
w
o

H3
M
o
fd
••^



in
M
O
I
<
      Cb) Treatable concentrations are based on performance of line precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration.
      (ci Analytical quantification concentration for EPA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods for Chemical Analysis of Mater and Wastes,  EPA 600/4-79-020,
         March 1979.

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


                          TABLE VI-2

                TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

  2.  acrolein              :
  5.  benzidine
  8.  1.2,4-trichlorobenzene
  9.  hexachlorobenzene
 17.  bis (chloromerhyl) ether (deleted)
 18.  bis (2-ehloroethyl) ether
 20,  2-chloronaphthalene
 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol
 22.  2-chlorophenol
 23.  1,2-dichlorobenzene
 26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene   ,
 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene
 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol
 33.  1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol
 35.  2.4-dinitrotoluene
 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
 49.  drichlorofluoromethane (deleted)
 50.  dichlorodifluoroinethane (delered)
 60.  4.6-dinicro-o-cresol
 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
 64.  pentachlorophenol
 65.  phenol
 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate
 72,  benzo (a)anthracene (1/2-benzanthracene)
 73.  benzo (a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)v
 76.  chrysene
 82.  dibenzo (a,h)anthracene (1.2.5.6-dibenzanthracene)
 83.  indeno (1.2.3-cd)pyrene (w,e,-o-phenylenepyrene)
 89.  aldrin*
 90.  dieldrin*
 91.  chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)*
 92.  4,4'-DDT*
 93.  4,4'-DDE(p,plDDX)*
 94.  4,4'-DDD(p,p'TDE)*
 95.  Alpha-endosulfan*
 96.  Beta-endosulfan*
 97.  endosulfan sulfate*
 98.  endrin*
 99.  endrin aldehyde*
100,  heptachlor*
                              3742

-------
           PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


                     TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

                 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED


 101.  heptachlor epoxide*
 102.  Alpha-BHC*
 103.  Beta-BHC*
 104.  Gamma-BBC (lindane)*
 105.  Delta-BHC*
 106.  PCB-1244 (Arochlor 1242)*
 107.  PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1244)*
 108.  PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221)*
 109.  PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)*
 110.  PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)*
 111.  PCB.1260 (Arochlor 1260)*
 112.  PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)*
 113.  toxaphene*
 116.  asbestos (fibrous)
 129.  2,3,7f8-tetra chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

*The  Agency did not analyze for these pollutants in  samples  of
raw  wastewater from this subcategory.   These pollutants are not
believed  to  be present based on the Agency's  best  engineering
judgment of the manufacturing process operations.
                               3743

-------
         PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
                         TABLE VI-3

         PRIORITY POLLUTANTS NEVER POUND ABOVE THEIR
           ANALYTICAL QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION

 1.  acenaphthene
 7.  chlorobenzene
11.  1/1,1-trichloroethane
12.  hexachloroethane
14.  1,1,2-trichloroethane
16.  chloroethane
36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine
38.  ethylbenzene
39.  fluoranthene
43.  bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
44.  methyl chloride
46.  methyl bromide
55.  naphthalene
56.  nitrobenzene
61.  N-nitrosodidimethylamine
62.  N-nirrosodiphenylamine
66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
67.  butyl benzyl phthalare
71.  dimethyl phthalate
72.  3,4-benzofluoranthene
73.  benzo(k)fluoranthene
77.  acenaphthylene
78.  anthracene
79.  benzo(g,h,i)perylene
80.  fluorene
81.  phenanthrene
84.  pyrene
88.  vinyl chloride
114. antimony
125. selenium
127. thallium
                             3744

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII



                           SECTION VII

               CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES


The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the  sources,
flows,  and  characteristics  of  the  wastewaters  from  primary
beryllium  plants.   This section summarizes the  description  of
these wastewaters and indicates the treatment technologies  which
are currently practiced in the primary beryllium subcategory  for
each  waste stream.  Secondly, this section presents the  control
and  treatment  technology  options which were  examined  by  the
Agency   for  possible  application  to  the  primary   beryllium
subcategory.

CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

This  section  presents a summary of the  control  and  treatment
technologies  that  are currently being applied to  each  of  the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory.  As  discussed
in  Section V, wastewater associated with the  primary  beryllium
subcategory  is characterized by the presence of the toxic  metal
pollutants  and suspended solids.  This analysis is supported  by
the  raw  (untreated)  wastewater  data  presented  for  specific
sources  as  well  as  combined  waste  streams  in  Section   V.
Generally,  these  pollutants are present in each  of  the  waste
streams   at   concentrations  above  treatability,   and   these
wastewater   streams   are , commonly  combined   for   treatment.
Construction  of  one wastewater treatment  system  for  combined
treatment  allows plants to take advantage of economies of  scale
and in some instances to combine streams of different  alkalinity
to  reduce  treatment chemical requirements.  One plant  in  this
subcategory currently has a combined wastewater treatment  system
consisting  of  chemical precipitation and  sedimentation.   None
have  chemical precipitation, sedimentation and  filtration.   As
such, three options have been selected for consideration for BPT,
BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment based on combined treatment of  these
compatible waste streams.

BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE PRODUCTION

There  is currently only one facility in the United Stated  which
produces beryllium hydroxide from bertrandite or beryl ore.   This
facility   is  in  a  net  evaporation  area  and  achieves  zero
discharge,   through  the  use  of  evaporation  ponds,   of  all
wastewater streams associated with beryllium hydroxide production
from ore. These ten wastewater streams are listed below:

(a)  Solvent extraction raffinate from bertrandite ore,
(b)  Solvent extraction raffinate from beryl ore,
(c)  Beryllium carbonate  filtrate,
(d)  Beryllium hydroxide filtrate,
(k)  Beryl ore gangue dewatering,
(1)  Bertrandite ore gangue dewatering,


                               3745

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


(m) Beryl ore processing,
(n) AIS area wastewater,
(o) Bertrandite ore leaching scrubber, and
(p) Bertrandite ore counter current decantation scrubber.


BERYLLIUM OXIDE AND BERYLLIUM METAL PRODUCTION FROM BERYLLIUM
HYDROXIDE

There  is currently only one facility in the United States  which
produces  beryllium  oxide  and beryllium  metal  from  beryllium
hydroxide.   This plant is a direct discharger and treats all  of
the  wastewater  streams  associated  with  beryllium  oxide  and
beryllium  metal  production  with  chemical  precipitation   and
sedimentation  technology.   These  six  wastewater  streams  are
listed below:

(e)  Beryllium oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution control,
(f)  Beryllium hydroxide supernatant,
(g)  Process water,
(h)  Fluoride furnace scrubber,
(i)  Chip treatment wastewater, and
(j)  Beryllium pebble plant area vent wet air pollution control.

The  process water stream is used in the beryllium  pebble  plant
scrubbing  system prior to treatment and discharge.   Two  plants
produce  beryllium  copper master alloy from beryllium  hydroxide
using a dry process.

CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

The Agency examined two control and treatment technology  options
that  are applicable to the primary beryllium  subcategory.   The
options  selected  for  evaluation  represent  a  combination  of
pretreatment and end-of-pipe treatment technologies.


OPTION A

Option  A for the primary beryllium subcategory requires  control
and treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of  wastewater
pollutant mass.

The  Option  A treatment scheme consists of recycle  of  scrubber
liquors,  ammonia  steam  stripping,  and  cyanide  precipitation
pretreatment  for  selected waste streams,  followed by  chemical
precipitation and sedimentation technology.   Specifically,  lime
or some other alkaline compound is used to precipitate metal ions
as metal hydroxides.   The metal hydroxides and suspended  solids
settle  out  and the sludge is collected.   Vacuum filtration  is
used to dewater sludge.

OPTION C

Option  C for the primary beryllium subcategory consists  of  all


                               3746

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


control  and  treatment  requirements of  Option  A  (recycle  of
scrubber   liquors,   ammonia  steam   stripping,   and   cyanide
precipitation  pretreatment  steps,  chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation) plus multimedia filtration technology added at the
end  of the Option A treatment scheme.  Multimedia filtration  is
used  to  remove  suspended  solids,  including  precipitates  of
metals,   beyond   the  concentration   attainable   by   gravity
sedimentation.   The filter suggested is of the  gravity,  mixed-
media  type, although other forms of filters, such as rapid  sand
filters  or pressure filters would perform  satisfactorily.   The
addition  of  filters  also provides  consistent  removal  during
periods  of time in which there are rapid increases in  flows  or
loadings of pollutants to the treatment system.
                               3747

-------
PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII
   THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                   3748

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII



                          SECTION VIII

           COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

This  section  presents  a summary of compliance  costs  for  the
primary beryllium subcategory and a description of the  treatment
options  and  subcategory-specific assumptions  used  to  develop
these estimates.  Together with the estimated pollutant reduction
performance  presented  in Sections IX, X, XI, and  XII  of  this
supplement,  these cost estimates provide a basis for  evaluating
each  regulatory, option.  These cost estimates are also  used  in
determining  the  probable economic impact of regulation  on  the
subcategory   at  different  pollutant  discharge   levels.    In
addition,  this section addresses nonwater quality  environmental
impacts   of  wastewater  treatment  and  control   alternatives,
including  air pollution, solid wastes, and energy  requirements,
which are specific to the primary beryllium subcategory.

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES

As  discussed  in Section VII,  two treatment options  have  been
developed for existing primary beryllium sources.   The treatment
schemes  for each option are summarized below  and  schematically
presented in Figures X-l and X-2 (pages 3791 and 3792).

OPTION A

Option  A consists of recycle of scrubber liquors,  ammonia steam
stripping,  and  cyanide precipitation pretreatment  followed  by
chemical precipitation and sedimentation end-of-pipe technology.

OPTION C

Option  C  requires recycle of scrubber  liquors,  ammonia  steam
stripping,  and  cyanide precipitation pretreatment,  followed by
end-of-pipe   treatment   technology   consisting   of   chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia filtration.

COST METHODOLOGY

A  detailed  discussion of the methodology used  to  develop  the
compliance  costs is presented in Section VIII of Vol.  I.  These
compliance  costs  calculate incremental costs,  above  treatment
already  in  place,  necessary to  comply  with  the  promulgated
effluent  limitations and standards.  The costs developed for  the
final  regulation are presented in Table VIII-1 (page  3752).  No
subcategory-specific   assumptions   were  used   in   developing
compliance costs for the primary beryllium subcategory.

NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Nonwater  quality  impacts  specific  to  the  primary  beryllium
subcategory,   including energy requirements,  solid waste and  air
pollution, are discussed below.


                               3749

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

Energy  requirements  for  Option A are  estimated  at  1,136,000
kwh/yr.   Option  C, which includes filtration, is  estimated  to
increase  energy consumption over Option A by  approximately  one
percent.   Further, the total energy requirement for Option C  is
approximately  two  percent of the estimated total  plant  energy
usage.  It is therefore concluded that the energy requirements of
the treatment options considered will have no significant  impact
on total plant energy consumption.

SOLID WASTE

Sludge  generated in the primary beryllium subcategory is due  to
the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using  lime.
Sludges  associated with the primary beryllium  subcategory  will
necessarily contain quantities of toxic metal pollutants.  Except
for sludges produced by cyanide precipitation, these sludges  are
not  subject  to  regulation as  hazardous  wastes  since  wastes
generated  by primary smelters and refiners are currently  exempt
from  regulation  by Act of Congress (Resource  Conservation  and
Recovery Act (RCRA), Section 3001(b)), as interpreted by EPA.  If
a  small excess (5-10 %) of lime is added during  treatment,  the
Agency  does  not believe these sludges would  be  identified  as
hazardous under RCRA in any case.  (Compliance costs include this
amount  of  lime.)   This judgment is based  on  the  results  of
Extraction  Procedure  (EP) toxicity tests performed  on  similar
sludges   (toxic  metal-bearing  sludges)  generated   by   other
industries  such as the iron and steel industrY-  A small  amount
of  excess  lime  was added during  treatment,  and  the  sludges
subsequently  generated  passed  the  toxicity  test.   See   CFR
8261.24.   Thus, the Agency believes that the wastewater  sludges
will  similarly not be EP toxic if the recommended technology  is
applied.

Throughout  this study,  sludges generated as a result of cyanide
precipitation have been considered as hazardous,  and appropriate
costs  for  disposal have been included in  the  compliance  cost
estimates.

Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result  of  these  guidelines are not expected to  be  hazardous,
generators  of these wastes must test the waste to  determine  if:
the  wastes  meet any of the characteristics of  hazardous  waste
(see 40 CFR 262.11).

If  these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they  will  come  within the scope of RCRA's  "cradle  to  grave"
hazardous waste management program,  requiring  regulation,  from
the  point  of generation to point of final disposition.   EPA  s
generator   standards  would  require  generators  of   hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet  containerization,
labeling,  recordkeeping, and reporting requirements;  if  plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to  prepare


                               3750

-------
             PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII


a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from  the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment,  storage,
or  disposal facility.  See 40 CFR 262.2O, 45 FR 33142  (May  19,
1980),  as  amended  at 45 FR 86973  (December  31,  1980).   The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous  wastes
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes  are
delivered  to  a permitted facility.  See 40 CFR  263.20,  45  FR
33151  (May  19, 1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973  (December  31,
1980).    Finally,  RCRA  regulations  establish  standards   for
hazardous  waste  treatment,  storage,  and  disposal  facilities
allowed to receive such wastes.  See 40 CFR Part 464, 46 FR  2802
(January 12, 1981), and 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982).

Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous,  they still
must  be  disposed  of  in compliance with the  Subtitle  D  open
dumping standards,  implementing Section 4004 of RCRA.  See 44 FR
53438 (September 13, 1979).  The Agency has calculated as part of
the  costs  for  wastewater treatment the  cost  of  hauling  and
disposing of these wastes.

It  is estimated that 696 metric tons per year of sludge will  be
generated  as  a result of these promulgated regulations for  the
primary  beryllium subcategory.   Sixty-five metric tons of  this
sludge is considered to be hazardous.

AIR POLLUTION             '|

There is no reason to believe that any substantial air  pollution
problems   will   result   from   implementation   of    chemical
precipitation,   sedimentation, and multimedia filtration.   These
technologies  transfer  pollutants  to solid waste  and  are  not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
                               3751

-------
         PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VIII
                      TABLE VIII-1

COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                   DIRECT DISCHARGERS

                 (March 1982 Dollars)

      Option         Capital Cost        Annual Cost

        A               226500             251200

        B               256200             265600
                           3752

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SDBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
                           SECTION IX

               BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
                       CURRENTLY AVAILABLE


This  section  defines  the effluent  characteristics  attainable
through  the application of best practicable  control  technology
currently  available (BPT). BPT reflects
the existing performance by plants of various  sizes,  ages,  and
manufacturing processes within the primary beryllium subcategory,
as  well  as the established performance of the  recommended  BPT
systems.   Particular  consideration  is given to  the  treatment
already in place at plants within the data base.

The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total  cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent  reduction
benefits  from  such  application,  the  age  of  equipment   and
facilities  involved, the manufacturing processes used,  nonwater
quality  environmental impacts (including  energy  requirements),
and  other factors the Administrator considers  appropriate.   In
general,  the  BPT level represents the average of  the  existing
performances  of  plants of various ages,  sizes.  processes,  or
other  common  characteristics.  Where  existing  performance  is
uniformly  inadequate,  BPT may be transferred from  a  different
subcategory  or  category.  Limitations  based  on  transfer   of
technology  are  supported  by a rationale  concluding  that  the
technology  is indeed transferable, and a  reasonable  prediction
that  it  will be, capable of achieving the  prescribed  effluent
limits. BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather than  process
changes  or  internal controls  except where such  practices  are
common industry practice.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT

The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes  used,   the wastewaters generated  and  the  treatment
processes installed.  Information was collected from the category
using  data  collection  portfolios,  and  specific  plants  were
sampled  and  the  wastewaters  analyzed.   In  making  technical
assessments  of  data,  reviewing  manufacturing  processes,  and
assessing wastewater treatment technology options,  both indirect
and  direct  dischargers have been considered as a single  group.
An  examination  of  plants and processes did  not  indicate  any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct or indirect.

As explained in Section IV, the primary beryllium subcategory has
been subdivided into 16 potential wastewater sources.   Since the
water use, discharge rates, and pollutant characteristics of each
of these wastewaters is potentially unique,   effluent limitations
will be developed for each of the 16 subdivisions.

For  each of the subdivisions, a specific approach  was  followed


                               3753

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


for   the  development  of  BPT  mass  limitations    The   first
requirement  to  calculate these limitations is  to  account  for
production and flow variability from plant to plant.   Therefore,
a  unit of production or production normalizing  parameter  (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be  related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is  discussed
in  Section  IV.   Each plant within  the  Subcategory  was  then
analyzed  to determine (1) which subdivisions were  present,  (2)
the  specific flow rates generated for each subdivision, and  (3)
the  specific production normalized flows for  each  subdivision.
This  analysis is discussed in detail in Section  V.   Nonprocess
wastewaters such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling  water
are not considered in the analysis.

Production  normalized  flows  for  each  subdivision  were  then
analyzed  to determine the flow to be used as part of  the  basis
for BPT mass limitations.  The selected flow (sometimes  referred
to  as a BPT regulatory flow or BPT discharge rate) reflects  the
water  use  controls  which  are  common  practices  within   the
category.  The BPT regulatory flow is based on the average of all
applicable data.  Plants with normalized flows above the  average
may  have to implement some method of flow reduction  to  achieve
the BPT limitations.

The second requirements to calculate mass limitations is the  set
of  concentrations that are achievable by application of the  BPT
level of treatment technology.  Section VII discusses the various
control  and treatment technologies which are currently in  place
for each wastewater source.   In most cases,  the current control
and  treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation and
sedimentation  (lime and settle technology) and a combination  of
reuse and recycle to reduce flow.

Using  these regulatory flows and the achievable  concentrations,
the  next step is to calculate mass loadings for each  wastewater
source  or subdivision.   This calculation was made on  a  stream
stream-by-stream   basis,   primarily  because  plants  in   this
subcategory  may perform one or more of the operations in various
combinations.   The  mass loadings (milligrams of  pollutant  per
kilogram of production unit - mg/kg) are based on multiplying the
BPT  regulatory  flow (1/kkg) by the concentration achievable  by
the  BPT level of treatment technology (mg/1) for each  pollutant
parameter  to  be limited under BPT.   These  mass  loadings  are
published  in the Federal Register and in 40 CFR Part 421 as  the
effluent limitations guidelines.

The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
be  the  sum  of the individual mass  loadings  for  the  various
wastewater   sources  which  are  found  at  particular   plants.
Accordingly,  all the wastewater generated within a plant may  be
combined  for treatment in a single or common  treatment  system,
but  the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters  are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to  the combined flow.  This method accounts for the  variety  of


                               3754

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at primary beryllium plants.

The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass rather than concentration.   This approach prevents the  use
of  dilution  as a treatment method  (except for controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized  wastewater flow  (1/kkg)  is  a  link
between  the production operations and the effluent  limitations.
The  pollutant  discharge attributable to each operation  can  be
calculated  from the normalized flow and  effluent  concentration
achievable  by the treatment technology and summed to  derive  an
appropriate limitation for each plant.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

In  balancing costs in relation to pollutant  removal  estimates,
EPA  considers the volume and nature of existing discharges,  the
volume  and  nature of discharges expected after  application  of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost  and  economic  impacts of the  required  pollution  control
level.  The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality  problems  attributable to particular  point  sources  or
industries,  or  water  quality improvements in particular  water
quality bodies.   Accordingly,  water quality considerations were
not the basis for selecting the proposed or promulgated BPT.

The  methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates  and
plant  compliance  costs is discussed in  Section  X.   Pollutant
removal estimates have been revised since proposal to  correspond
to  the  new costs generated for promulgation.  Table  X-l  (page
3781)  shows the estimated pollutant removal estimates  for  each
treatment  option for direct dischargers.  Compliance  costs  for
each option are presented in Table X-2 (page 3782).

BPT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

The technology basis for the proposed BPT limitations was  Option
A,  chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology to remove
metals and solids from combined wastewaters and to control pH and
fluoride.   This  technology  is  already  in-place  at  the  one
discharger  in  the  subcategory.    The  pollutants  specifically
proposed for regulation at BPT were beryllium, chromium,  copper,
fluoride,  TSS, and pH.  The Agency was also considering  ammonia
limitations   based  on  ammonia  steam  stripping  and   cyanide
limitations based on cyanide precipitation.

Because  the  one discharging facility in the  primary  beryllium
subcategory already has the BPT technology in-place,  and our data
indicated  that  the  technology is achieving  the  proposed  BPT
limitations,   no  pollutant removal above the  current  discharge
level and no incremental capital or annual costs were expected at
proposal.
                               3755

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
BPT OPTION SELECTION ^ PROMULGATION

The  technology  basis  for the promulgated  BPT  limitations  is
Option  A, recycle of scrubber liquors, ammonia steam  stripping,
and   cyanide  precipitation  pretreatment  for  selected   waste
streams, and chemical precipitation and sedimentation  technology
to  remove  metals and solids from combined  wastewaters  and  to
control  pH  and  fluoride.  The  Agency  decided  to  promulgate
ammonia and cyanide limitations based on ammonia steam  stripping
and  cyanide  precipitation because data  submitted  in  comments
confirmed  the presence of ammonia and cyanide in process  waters
generated  in the beryllium industry.  The  remaining  pollutants
specifically  promulgated  for regulation at BPT  are  beryllium,
chromium, copper, fluoride, TSS, and pH.

Ammonia  steam stripping is demonstrated at six facilities in the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category.   These facilities  are
treating   ammonia   bearing  wastewaters  associated  with   the
production of primary tungsten,  primary columbium and  tantalum,
primary  molybdenum,  secondary tungsten and cobalt,  and primary
zirconium and hafnium.   EPA believes that performance data  from
the iron and steel manufacturing category provide a valid measure
of   this   technology's   performance   on   nonferrous   metals
manufacturing   category   wastewater  because   raw   wastewater
concentrations  of ammonia are of the same order of magnitude  in
the respective raw wastewater matrices.

Chemical  analysis  data were collected of raw  waste  (treatment
influent)  and  treated waste (treatment effluent) from one  coke
plant of the iron and steel manufacturing category.  A contractor
for  EPA,  using  EPA sampling'and chemical  analysis  protocols,
collected six paired samples in a two-month period.   These  data
are  the  data base for determining the effectiveness of  ammonia
steam  stripping technology and are contained within  the  public
record supporting this document.   Ammonia treatment at this coke
plant  consisted  of two steam stripping columns in  series  with
steam injected countercurrently to the flow of the wastewater.  A
lime  reactor  for  pH  adjustment separated  the  two  stripping
columns.

The   Agency  has  verified  the  promulgated   steam   stripping
performance  values  using steam stripping data  collected  at  a
zirconium-hafnium plant, which has raw ammonia levels as high  as
any  in  the  nonferrous  metals  manufacturing  category.   Data
collected  by  the  plant represent almost  two  years  of  daily
operations,  and  support the long-term mean  used  to  establish
treatment effectiveness.

In  addition,  data  submitted by  a  primary  columbium-tantalum
plant,  which  also has significant raw ammonia levels,  verifies
the promulgated steam stripping performance values.

Cyanide  precipitation  technology is required  for  the  primary
beryllium  subcategory  because  existing  treatment  within  the
subcategory   does  not  effectively  remove  cyanide.    Cyanide


                               3756

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


precipitation  is  directed  at control  of  free  and  complexed
cyanides.  This subcategory collectively discharges approximately
536 kg/yr of cyanide.  The achievable performance is  transferred
from three well-operated coil coating plants in the coil  coating
category,  and are contained within the public record  supporting
this  document.   The Agency believes this  technology,  and  the
achievable concentration limits, are transferable to the  primary
beryllium    subcategory   because   raw    wastewater    cyanide
concentrations  (prior  to dilution with  waste  streams  without
cyanide)  are of the same order of magnitude in both  categories.
Further,  no  pollutants  were identified  in  primary  beryllium
wastewater that would interfere with the operation or performance
of this technology.

Implementation of the promulgated BPT limitations is estimated to
remove 2,698 kilograms of priority pollutants,  70,000  kilograms
of ammonia and 313 kilograms of TSS from raw wastewater annually.
The  estimated  capital  cost for achieving  promulgated  BPT  is
$226,500  and  the  annual cost is estimated  at  $251,200  (1982
dollars) .    A  schematic  representation  of  the  selected  BPT
treatment option is presented in Figure IX-1 (page 3763).

Revisions to the promulgated BPT limitations are identical to the
revisions  to the promulgated BAT limitations which are discussed
in Section X.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based  on
the  average of the flows of all representative existing  plants,
as  determined from analysis of dcp.   The discharge rate is used
with  the  achievable treatment concentrations to  determine  BPT
effluent limitations.   Since the discharge rate may be different
for  each  wastewater  source,   separate  production  normalized
discharge  rates  for  each  of the  16  wastewater  sources  are
discussed  below and summarized in  Table  IX-1.   The  discharge
rates are normalized on a production basis by relating the amount
of  wastewater  generated  to the mass of the  product  which  is
produced  by  the  process associated with the  waste  stream  in
question.    These production normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are
also listed in Table IX-1.

Section  V of this document further describes the discharge  flow
rates  and  presents the water use and discharge flow  rates  for
each plant by subdivision in Tables V-l through V-10 (pages  3663
- 3666).

As  discussed  in Section V of this document,  six  new  building
blocks  have been added to this subcategory,   and the  production
normalized  flow  for one additional  building  block,  beryllium
hydroxide  filtrate,  was  revised  based on more  detailed  data
acquired since promulgation of the original rulemaking.
                               3757

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFFINATE PROM BERTRANDITE ORE

The  proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge  rate  for
solvent  extraction  raffinate from bertrandite ore is  2,246,000
1/kkg  (538,200 gal/ton) of beryllium carbonate precipitated  (as
beryllium).   This rate is allocated only for those plants  which
extract  beryllium  from an acid solution generated  by  leaching
bertrandite  ore.   There  is  currently  only  one  plant  which
practices this operation.

Water  use and discharge rates are presented in Table  V-l  (page
3663).  The BPT wastewater discharge rate for solvent  extraction
raffinate from bertrandite ore is based on the value reported  by
the one facility which currently generates this waste stream.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION RAFPINATE FROM BERYL ORE

The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed for solvent extraction
raffinate  from  beryl ore was 200,000 1/kkg (47,900 gal/ton)  of
beryllium carbonate precipitated (as beryllium).   This rate  was
allocated  only for those plants which extract beryllium from  an
acid  solution generated by leaching beryl ore.   After proposal,
EPA received comments from the industry requesting an increase in
the  discharge  allowance  for this  waste  stream.   The  Agency
evaluated the new flow and production data submitted and based on
that it is promulgating a new discharge rate.

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  promulgated  for   solvent
extraction  raffinate  from  beryl ore is 220,000  1/kkg  (52,720
gal/ton)   of  beryllium carbonate  precipitated  (as  beryllium).
This  rate  is  allocated  only for those  plants  which  extract
beryllium from an acid solution generated by leaching beryl ore.

Water  use and discharge rates are presented in Table  V-2  (page
3663).  The BPT wastewater discharge rate for solvent  extraction
raffinate  from  beryl  ore  processing is  based  on  the  value
reported by the one facility reporting this waste stream.

BERYLLIUM  CARBONATE FILTRATE

The  proposed  and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate  for
beryllium carbonate filtrate is 214,500 1/kkg (51,400 gal/ton) of
beryllium  carbonate precipitated (as beryllium).  This  rate  is
allocated only for those plants which precipitate beryllium  from
solution  as  beryllium carbonate.  There is currently  only  one
plant which practices this operation.

Water  use and discharge rates are presented in Table  V-3  (page
3663).  The BPT wastewater discharge rate for beryllium carbonate
filtrate is based on the value reported by the one facility which
currently generates this waste stream.

BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

The  proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge  rate  for


                               3758

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


beryllium hydroxide filtrate was 52,660 1/kkg (12,620 gal/ton) of
beryllium hydroxide produced (as beryllium).   However,  based on
more  detailed  information  not  available at the  time  of  the
original rulemaking, EPA has revised the BPT wastewater discharge
rate to be 136,000 1/kkg (32,600 gal/ton) of beryllium  hydroxide
produced  (as beryllium).  This rate is allocated only for  those
plants  which  produce beryllium hydroxide  from  bertrandite  or
beryl  ore. Water use and discharge rates are presented in  Table
V-4 (page 3664).

BERYLLIUM OXIDE CALCINING FURNACE WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

The  proposed  and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate  for
beryllium  oxide calcining furnace wet air pollution  control  is
263,700 1/kkg (63,190 gal/ton)  of beryllium oxide produced. Since
proposal, industry comments to EPA have indicated that recycle is
presently  practiced  for this waste stream at a rate of  greater
than  90 percent.   This rate is allocated only for those  plants
which use wet air pollution control devices to control  emissions
from beryllium oxide calcining furnaces.  Water use and discharge
rates are presented in Table V-5 (page 3664).

BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT

The   BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  proposed  for   beryllium
hydroxide  supernatant  was  104,324 1/kkg  (25,000  gal/ton)  of
beryllium   hydroxide  produced  from  scrap  and  residues   (as
beryllium).   This rate was allocated only for those plants which
recover  beryllium  from  residues and scrap  by  dissolution  in
sulfuric  acid  and  precipitation  of  beryllium  as   beryllium
hydroxide.   After  proposal,  EPA  received  comments  from  the
industry  requesting an increase in the discharge  allowance  for
this  waste  stream.   The  Agency evaluated  the  new  flow  and
production data submitted and based on that it is promulgating  a
new discharge rate. The BPT wastewater discharge rate promulgated
for  beryllium  hydroxide supernatant is  430,000  1/kkg  (54,120
gal/ton) of beryl-lium hydroxide produced from scrap and residues
(as  beryllium).  This rate1 is allocated only  for  those  plants
which  recover beryl-lium from residues and scrap by  dissolution
in  sulfuric  acid and precipitation of  beryllium  as  beryllium
hydroxide.

This  discharge  allowance includes all water generated from  the
beryllium hydroxide recovery operation.   Because this  operation
includes scrap recycled from external sources,  it is technically
a  secondary as well as primary beryllium operation.    The Agency
is,  however,  considering this as a primary beryllium  operation
for the purposes of this regulation. In establishing the BPT flow
rate,  it has given full consideration to the amount of wastewater
generated  due to the secondary nature of this  operation.  Water
use and discharge rates are presented in Table V-6 (page 3664).

PROCESS WATER

At proposal,  this waste stream  was called process condensates. At


                               3759

-------
               PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


proposal   no  BPT  wastewater discharge  allowance  for  process
condensates  was  provided.   Based on the  available  data,  EPA
believed  that this facility  reuses all of this water in scrubbing
systems and other plant uses.

Industry   comments   after  proposal   clarified   the   process
condensates  collection  and reuse system,  and  indicated  that
periodic  discharges have to  be made from the process water pit to
prevent   dissolved solids build-up.  Information was supplied  to
the  Agency so that a discharge rate for process water  could  be
calculated.

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate promulgated for process  water
is  174,800 1/kkg (41,890 gal/ton) of beryllium pebbles produced.
This  rate  is  allocated only for  those  plants  which  collect
process   condensates generated from the manufacture of  beryllium
metal and discharge this process water after extensive recycle in
various   plant applications.  Water use and discharge  rates  are
presented in Table V-7  (page 3668).

FLUORIDE  FURNACE SCRUBBER

The  BPT  wastewater discharge rate proposed for fluoride  furnace
scrubber  water was 2,205 1/kkg (530 gal/ton) of beryllium  metal
pebbles   produced. This rate was allocated only for those  plants
which  produce beryllium fluoride (BeF2) intermediate by  heating
ammonium  beryllium  fluoride in a furnace.

Industry  comments submitted to the EPA after proposal  regarding
the  fluoride furnace scrubber indicated that this scrubber  does
not  generate  a  discharge.    Scrubber  liquor  is  extensively
recycled, makeup water is taken from the process water pit, and a
bleed  stream is reused in ammonium bifluoride preparation.   For
this reason,  EPA is not providing a discharge allowance for  the
fluoride  furnace scrubber water.

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  promulgated  for  fluoride
furnace scrubber water is zero.  The Agency believes that,  based
on demonstrated practice, any facility which operates a  fluoride
furnace   scrubber can achieve zero discharge through recycle  and
reuse.

CHIP TREATMENT WASTEWATER

At proposal, this waste stream was called chip leaching.  The BPT
wastewater  discharge rate for proposed chip leaching  wastewater
was 4,742 1/kkg (1,138 gal/ton) of beryllium scrap chips treated.
This  rate  was  allocated   only for  those  plants  which  treat
beryllium  scrap chips with  nitric acid prior to vacuum  casting.
After   proposal,  EPA  received  comments  from   the   industry
requesting an increase in the discharge allowance for this  waste
stream.    The Agency evaluated the new flow and  production  data
submitted and based on those, it is promulgating a new  discharge
rate.
                               3760

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


The BPT wastewater discharge rate promulgated for chip  treatment
wastewater  is  7.750  1/kkg (1,860 gal/ton) of  beryllium  scrap
chips  treated.   This  rate is allocated only for  those  plants
which  treat  beryllium  scrap chips with nitric  acid  prior  to
vacuum  casting. Water use and discharge rates are  presented  in
Table V-9 (page 3665).

BERYLLIUM PEBBLE PLANT AREA VENT WET AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

A  BPT pollutant discharge allowance for beryllium  pebble  plant
area  vent  scrubber  wastewater  was  not  proposed  because  of
incomplete information about the scrubbers that use water from or
recirculate  into the process water pit.  Industry comments  have
clarified  the recycle, reuse/ and discharge practices  of  these
scrubbers. After evaluating the new information, EPA has added  a
tenth subdivision.

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge rate  used  at  promulgation  for
beryllium  pebble  plant area vent scrubber wastewater  is  zero.
Presently,  one  plant  operates a pebble  plant  scrubber  which
obtains makeup water from the process water pit, and discharges a
scrubber  liquor  bleed  stream back to the  process  water  pit.
Because  a separate discharge allowance is being promulgated  for
process water discharge, the Agency did not believe it  necessary
to  give  an  additional discharge allowance  for  the  beryllium
pebble plant scrubber wastewater.
ADDITIONAL BUILDING BLOCKS
The  BPT  discharge  rates for the six new  building  blocks  are
identical to the production normalized wastewater flows presented
for  these  streams  in  Section V.   These BPT  flows  would  be
applicable  to  plants processing bertrandite ore and  beryl  ore
into beryllium hydroxide or beryllium carbonate products.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as  a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.   This  examination   and
evaluation  was  presented  in  Section VI.   A  total  of  eight
pollutants  or pollutant parameters are selected  for  limitation
under BPT and are listed below:

    117.  beryllium
    119.  chromium
    120.  copper
    121.  cyanide
          ammonia
          fluoride
          TSS
          pH
                               3761

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
EFFLUENT? LIMITATIONS

The  treatable  concentrations achievable by application  of  the
promulgated  BPT  are  discussed in Section VII  of  Vol.  I  and
summarized there in Table Vll-21 (page 248), with one  exception.
The  one  exception  is  the  fluoride  treatment   effectiveness
concentration    for   the   beryllium   hydroxide    supernatant
subdivision,  which has been revised from 14.6 mg/1 to 170  mg/1,
based  on  the unusually high concentration  of  total  dissolved
solids   (TDS)  in  that  wastewater  stream.   These   treatable
concentrations (both one day maximum and monthly average  values)
are  multiplied by the BPT normalized discharge flows  summarized
in  Table  IX-1 (page 3781) to calculate the mass  of  pollutants
allowed  to  be discharged per mass of product.  The  results  of
these  calculations  in milligrams of pollutant per  kilogram  of
product represent the BPT effluent limitations and are  presented
in Table IX-2 (page 3782) for each individual waste stream.
                               3762

-------
u>
~4
cn
                                             TABLE  IX-1

                 BPT W&STEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR  THE PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                                         2,246
                                           220.0
   Wastewater Stream

Solvent extraction raffinate
from bertrandite ore
Solvent extraction raffinate
from beryl ore
      Beryllium carbonate filtrate
      Beryllium hydroxide filtrate
      Beryllium oxide calcining furnace     263.7
      wet air pollution control

      Beryllium hydroxide  supernatant
      Process water                        174.8

      Fluoride furnace scrubber               0

      Chip treatment  wastewater               7.75

      Beryllium pebble plant  area  vent        0
      wet air pollution control
                                           BPT Normalized
                                          Discharge Rate
                                       103 1/kkg    103 gal/ton
538.2
 52.72
214.5
136.0
263.7
230.0
51.40
32.6
63.19
55.12
                                                  41.89

                                                   0

                                                   1,86

                                                   0
    Productin
 Normalized Parameter

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced from bertrandite ore
  as beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
   duced from beryl ore as
   beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium hydroxide pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium oxide produced
             Beryllium hydroxide pro-
               duced from scrap and
               residues as beryllium

             Beryllium pebbles produced

             Beryllium pebbles produced

             Beryllium scrap chips treated

             Beryllium pebbles produced
s
M
W
»
3
                                                                                                    •s
                                                                                              W
                                                                                              O
                                                                                              >
                                                                                              1-3
                                                                                              W
                                                                                              Q
                                                                                              O
                                                                                                    W
                                                                                                    Q
                                 H

-------
                                        TABLE IX-1 (Continued)

                 BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
a\
         Wastewater Stream

      Beryllium ore gangue dewatering

      Bertrandite ore gangue
      dewatering

      Beryllium ore processing

      AIS area wastewater
      Bertrandite ore leaching
      scrubber

      Bertrandite ore counter
      current decantation scrubber
     BPT Normalized
    Discharge Rate
103 1/kkg   103 gal/ton
  1.043

  2.665


  7.303

468.0


  1.511


  0.101
  0.25

  0.639


  1.75

112.1


  0.362


  0.024
   Productin
Normalized parameter

 Beryllium ore processed

 Bertrandite ore processed


 Beryllium ore processed

 Total beryllium carbonate
 produced as beryllium

 Bertrandite ore processed


 Bertrandite ore processed
                                                                                                    H
HJ

W
Kj
tr»
t*
H

I
CO
o
B
w
Q
o
                                                                                                    en
                                                                                                    W
                                                                                                    n
                                                                                                    H
                                                                                                    X

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                           TABLE IX-2

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


 (a) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore BPT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate
              produced from bertrandite ore (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
2,763.000
988.200
4,267.000
651.300
299,400.000
78,610.000
92,090.000
Within the range of 7.5
1,235.000
404.300
2,246.000
269.500
131,600.000
44,700.000
43,800.000
to 10.0 at all







times
(b) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate
                 produced from beryl ore (as Be)

Beryllium                 270.600             121.000
Chromium                   96.800              39.600
Copper                    418.000             220.000
Cyanide                    63.800              26.400
Ammonia                29,330.000          12,890.000
Fluoride                7,700.000           4,378.000
TSS                     9,020.000           4,290.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3765

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SQBCATEGORY
                               SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


(c)  Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate produced (as Be}
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH




28
7
8
Within the

94
407
62
,590
,508
,795
*
*
*
•
*
*
*
800
380
600
210
000
000
000
range of




12
4
4
7.5 to 10.
118.
38.
214.
25.
,570.
,269.
r!83.
0 at
000
610
500
740
000
000
000
all







times
(d)  Beryllium'Hydroxide Filtrate  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide
                        produced (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
          167.300
           59.840
          258.400
           39.440
       18,130.000
        4,760.000
        5,576.000
        74.800
        24.480
       136.000
        16.320
     7,970.000
     2,706.000
     2,652.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3766

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


 (e)  Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet APC  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium oxide produced
324.400
116.000
501.000
76.470
35,150.000
9/230.000
10,810.000
Within the range of 7.5
145.000
47.470
263.700
31.640
15,450.000
5,248.000
5,142.000
to 10.0 at all







times
(f)  Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium hydroxide
            produced from scrap and residues (as Be)

Beryllium                 282.900             126.500
Chromium                  101.200              41.400
Copper                    437.000             230.000
Cyanide                    66.700              27.600
Ammonia                30,660.000          13,480.000
Fluoride              160,300.000          71,200.000
TSS                     9,430.000           4,485.000
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3767

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE ix-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


 (g)  Process Water  BPT

Pollutant orMaximumforMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

      mg/kg(~ib7nn.ll ion Ibs)of beryllium pebbles produced
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH




23,
6,
7,
Within the
215.000
76.910
332.100
50.690
300.000
118.000
167.000
range of 7.5




10,
3,
3,
to 10.0
96
31
174
20
240
479
409
at
.140
.460
.800
.980
.000
.000
.000
all







times
(h)  Fluoride Furnace Scrubber  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximumfor
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced

Beryllium                   0.000               0.000
Chromium                    0.000               0.000
Copper                      0.000               0.000
Cyanide                     0.000               0.000
Ammonia                     0.000               0.000
Fluoride                    0.000               0.000
TSS                         0.000               0.000
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3768

-------
               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE TX-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY



(i) Chip Treatment Wastewater  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
PH
9,
3,
14,
2,
1,033,
271.
317,
beryllium scrap chips treated
,533
.410
.730
,248
.000
.300
.800
Within the range of
4,
1,
7,
454,
154,
151,
7.5 to 10.0 at
.263
.395
.750
.930
.200
.200
.100
all times
(j) Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet APC  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.5 to
pebbles produced
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.0 at all times
                               3769

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               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY


(k) Beryl Ore Gangue Dewatering  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average
mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of beryl ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within the
1.283
0.459
1.982
0.302
139.032
36.505
42.763
range of
0.574
0.188
1.043
0.125
61.120
20.756
20.339
7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(1) Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds) of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                   3.279              1.466
Chromium (Total)            1.173              0.480
Copper                      5.064              2.665
Cyanide (Total)             0.773              0.320
Ammonia (as N)            355.245            156.169
Fluoride                   93.275             53.034
Total Suspended Solids    109.265             51.968
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                               3770

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               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT -  IX


                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SOBCATEGORY


 (m)  Beryl Ore Processing  BPT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average
mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of beryl ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within the
8.983
3.213
13.876
2.118
973.490
255.605
299.423
range of
4.017
1.315
7.303
0.876
427.956
145.330
142.409
7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
BPT
(n) Aluminum Iron  Sludge _(AIS) Area Wastewater  BPT

Pollutant or"''Maximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average

      mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)oftotal beryllium
                   carbonate produced (as Be)

Beryllium                 575.640            257.400
Chromium (Total)          205.920             84.240
Copper                    889.200            468.000
Cyanide (Total)           135.720             56.160
Ammonia (as N)           62384.400          27424.800
Fluoride                16380.000           9313.200
Total Suspended Solids  19188.000           9126.000
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,


*Regulated Pollutant
                               3771

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               PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

   BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY



 (o) Berbrand!te Ore Leaching Scrubber  BPT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average
mg/kg of bertrandite
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within the
1.859
0.665
2.871
0.438
201.416
52.885
6.1.951
range of 7
ore processed
0.831
0.272
1.511
0.181
88.545
30.069
29.465
.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(p)  Bertrandite Ore Countercurrent and pecantation
     (CCD) Scrubber  BPT
Pollutant or           Maximum for  "      Maximum for
Pollutant Property     Any One Day        Monthly Average
mg/kg of
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
bertrandite
0.124
0.044
0.192
0.029
13.463
3.535
4.141
ore processed
0.056
0.018
0.101
0.012
5.919
2.010
1.970
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
                               3772

-------
          To Ai'iimuii.'i Hvrovi'i y
Process Water
Ammon i a
Stf.iia Chemical
StriPPtH* Add I M on /\
JV^TV^WI n-QO 1 1 1 on / V
Cyanide """"
.««.. fe *Vr**r *p *tatlon „„, ,_..._, j^.
cx3
Stif vi'iii Kxt r.ii t Ion K.if f Inate from
ECCtr^lD1' ' f ** Or*- ^
Solvent Extraction Raffinate from
Beryl Ore ^
W Beryl iiuo Carbonate Filtrate ^
-4
O-> Bt-ty Ilium Hydroxide MltrJte ^
Beryl! inn Oxide Calcining Furnace *"
Wet Air Polluiion Control
Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant ^




Fluoride Furnace Scrubber ^_
Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent
Wet Air Pollution Control w





Addition
O O
1 \7 " / V V
w / , 	 w r, „„, ' i ^ ' 	 w. Dischacf.e
Etitiai iz3t Ion JL ii n . , Sedimentation
' l Precipitac Ion

Sludge
Sludge Recycle

1 r ^\ c:
Vacuum Filtrate \V 'T* /r--^O
Vix
^^ Dewacerlng , f


                                                    Figure  IX-1



                                              HPT  TREATMENT SCHEME
                                                                                                                        H

                                                                                                                        2
                                                                                                                        W
                                                                                                                        W
                                                                                                                        tr"
                                                                                                                        tr"
                                                                                                                        M
                                                                                                                        G
                                                                                                                         tn
                                                                                                                         G
                                                                                                                         W
                                                                                                                         o

                                                                                                                         s
                                                                                                                         t?d
                                                                                                                         O
                                                                                                                         O
                                                                                                                         o


                                                                                                                          I

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PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT -  IX
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                3774

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            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X



                            SECTION X

        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE

These  effluent  limitations are based on the  best  control  and
treatment  technology used by a specific point source within  the
industrial category or subcategory, or by another industry  where
it  is  readily transferable. Emphasis is  placed  on  additional
treatment techniques applied at the end of the treatment  systems
currently used, as well as reduction of the amount of water  used
and   discharged,  process  control,  and  treatment   technology
optimization.

The  factors  considered in assessing best  available  technology
economically  achievable (BAT) include the age of  equipment  and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes,  nonwater
quality  environmental impacts (including  energy  requirements),
and  the costs of application of such technology. BAT  represents
the  best available technology economically achievable at  plants
of various ages, sizes, processes, or other characteristics.  BAT
may  be transferred from a different subcategory or category  and
may  include feasible process changes or internal controls,  even
when not in common industry practice.

The  required  assessment of BAT considers costs,  but  does  not
require a balancing of costs against pollutant removals. However,
in assessing BAT, the Agency has given substantial weight to  the
economic achievability of the technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT

The  Agency  reviewed  a wide range  of  technology  options  and
evaluated  the  available possibilities to ensure that  the  most
effective  and beneficial technologies were used as the basis  of
BAT.   To  accomplish  this,  the Agency elected to  examine  two
technology   options  which  could  be  applied  to  the  primary
beryllium  subcategory  as  alternatives for  the  basis  of  BAT
effluent limitations.

For  the development of BAT effluent limitations,  mass  loadings
were  calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory  using  the same technical approach as  described  in
Section IX for BPT limitations development.    The differences  in
the  mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness   achievable  with  the  more   sophisticated   BAT
treatment  technology  and ,reductions  in  the  effluent   flows
allocated to various waste streams.

The  treatment  technologies considered for  BAT  are  summarized
below:

Option A (Figure X-l, page 3791)  is  based on:

  o  Recycle of scrubber liquors


                               3775

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


  o  Ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation pre-
     treatment for selected waste streams
  o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

Option C (Figure X-2, page 3792) is based on:

  o  Recycle of scrubber liquors
  o  Ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation pre-  -
     treatment for selected waste streams
  o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
  o  Multimedia filtrat'ion

The  two options examined for BAT are discussed in greater detail
on the following pages.   The first option considered (Option  A)
is the same as the BPT treatment and control technology which was
presented in the previous section.  The section option represents
substantial progress toward the reduction of pollutant discharges
above and beyond the progress achievable by BPT.

OPTION A

Option  A for the primary beryllium subcategory is equivalent  to
the  control and treatment technologies which were  analyzed  for
BPT  in  Section  IX  (see  Figure  X-l).   The  BPT  end-of-pipe
treatment  scheme includes recycle of scrubber  liquors,  ammonia
steam  stripping,  and  cyanide  precipitation  pretreatment  for
selected  waste streams, followed by chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation.  The discharge rates for Option A are Equal to the
discharge rates allocated to each stream as a BPT discharge flow.

OPTION C

Option  C for the primary beryllium subcategory consists  of  all
control  and  treatment  requirements  of Option  A  (recycle  of
scrubber   liquors,   ammonia  steam   stripping,   and   cyanide
precipitation  pretreatment,  followed by chemical  precipitation
and sedimentation) plus multimedia filtration technology added at
the  end  of  the  Option A treatment scheme  (see  Figure  X-2).
Multimedia  filtration  is  used  to  remove  suspended   solids,
including precipitates of toxic metals, beyond the concentrations
attainable by gravity sedimentation.   The filter suggested is of
the gravity,  mixed media type,  although other forms of filters,
such  as  rapid sand filters or pressure filters,  would  perform
satisfactorily.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

As one means of evaluating each technology option,  EPA developed
estimates  of  the pollutant removals and  the  compliance  costs
associated  with  each option.    The methodologies are  described
below.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

A  complete description of the methodology used to calculate : the


                               3776

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


estimated  pollutant removal achieved by the application  of  the
various  treatment options is presented in Section X of  Vol.  I.
The  pollutant removal estimates have been revised from  proposal
because   of   new  production  normalized  flows   for   several
subdivisions.  The methodology for calculating pollutant removals
has  not changed, and the data used to estimate removals are  the
same as those used to revise compliance costs.

Sampling  data  collected during the field sampling program  were
used  to  characterize  the major waste  streams  considered  for
regulation.   At  each sampled facility,  the sampling  data  was
production  normalized  for each unit operation  (i.e.,  mass  of
pollutant  generated  per mass of  product  manufactured).   This
value,  referred  to as the raw waste,  was used to estimate  the
mass  of toxic pollutants generated within the primary  beryllium
subcategory.  The pollutant removal estimates were calculated for
each  plant by first estimating the total mass of each  pollutant
in  the  untreated  wastewater.  This  was  calculated  by  first
multiplying the raw' waste values by the corresponding  production
value  for  that stream and then summing these  values  for  each
pollutant for every stream generated by the plant.

Next,  the  volume of wastewater discharged after the application
of each treatment option was estimated for each operation at each
plant  by comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory  flow.
The  smaller of the two values was selected and summed  with  the
other  plant  flows.   The mass of pollutant discharged was  then
estimated  by  multiplying the  achievable  concentration  values
attainable  with  the  option (mg/1) by the estimated  volume  of
process  wastewater discharged by the subcategory.   The mass  of
pollutant removed is the difference between the estimated mass of
pollutant generated by each plant in the subcategory and the mass
of  pollutant  discharged  after  application  of  the  treatment
option.   The pollutant removal estimates for direct  dischargers
in  the primary beryllium subcategory are presented in Table  X-l
(page 3981).

COMPLIANCE COSTS

In  estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs,  the first  step
was to develop a cost estimation model,  relating the total  costs
associated   with  installation  and  operation   of   wastewater
treatment  technologies  to plant process  wastewater  discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant.  The plant's  investment  and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in  place
and  by  its individual process wastewater  discharge  flow.   As
discussed  above,   this  flow is either  the  actual  or  the  BAT
regulatory  flow,   whichever  is lesser.   The final  step  was  to
annualTze  the capital costs,  and to sum the  annualized  capital
costs,   and the operating and maintenance costs for  each  plant,
yielding   the  cost  of  compliance  for  the  subcategory.    A
comparison  of the costs developed for proposal and  the  revised
costs for promulgation are presented in  Table X-2  (page 3782)  for
direct  dischargers in the primary beryllium subcategory.    These
costs were used in assessing  economic  achievability.


                               3777

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

Our  proposed BAT limitations for this subcategory were based  on
chemical  precipitation and sedimentation (BPT technology),  with
the addition of in-process wastewater reduction,  and filtration.
Plow reduction was based on 90 percent recycle of beryllium oxide
calcining  furnace  wet air pollution  control.   The  pollutants
specifically limited under BAT were beryllium,  chromium, copper,
and fluoride.

Implementation  of  the  proposed BAT  limitations  would  remove
annually  an estimated 257 kg of priority pollutants, which is  8
kg of priority metals over the estimated  BPT discharge.

BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA  promulgated  BAT  limitations  for  the  primary   beryllium
subcategory  based on recycle of scrubber liquors,  ammonia steam
stripping,  and  cyanide precipitation pretreatment for  selected
waste streams, followed by chemical precipitation, sedimentation,
and  multimedia  filtration technology.   Plow  reduction  beyond
what is currently practiced was not promulgated because  industry
comments to the Agency indicated that this scrubber is  presently
operated  with recycle.  The Agency decided that further  recycle
for this scrubber is not feasible.

The  pollutants  specifically limited under promulgated  BAT  are
beryllium, chromium, copper, cyanide, ammonia, and fluoride.  The
Agency  decided  to  promulgate ammonia and  cyanide  limitations
based  on  ammonia  steam  stripping  and  cyanide  precipitation
because  data  submitted in comments confirmed  the  presence  of
ammonia  and cyanide in process waters generated in the beryllium
industry.

Implementation  of the promulgated BAT limitations  would  remove
annually  an estimated 2,705 kilograms of priority pollutants and
524 kilograms of TSS, which is 7 kilograms of priority metals and
211  kilograms  of  TSS over the  estimated  BPT  removals.   The
estimated  capital  cost of promulgated BAT is $256,200  and  the
estimated  annual cost is $265,600 (1982 dollars).   The  end-of-
pipe treatment configuration for Option C is presented in  Figure
X-2.

FINAL AMENDMENTS TO THE REGULATION

For the Primary Beryllium Subcategory,  EPA prepared a settlement
agreement   in  April  1987  which  would  amend  the  regulation
promulgated on September 20, 1985, (50 FR 38276), concerning four
topics, which are briefly described here.

EPA  agreed  to revise the treatment effectiveness  concentration
for fluoride in the beryllium,hydroxide supernatant  subdivision,
based  on  the  unusually high concentration of  total  dissolved
solids in this waste stream.
                               3778

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
EPA  agreed  to  revise the regulatory  flow  for  the  beryllium
hydroxide  filtrate  building  block  based  upon  more  detailed
information  not  available  to EPA at the time of  the  original
rulemaking.

EPA  agreed  to  add new building blocks for  the  following  six
processes  in  this subcategory:   beryl ore  gangue  dewatering,
bertrandite   ore  gangue  dewatering,   beryl   ore   processing
(comprises   quench  pit,   scrubber  and  washdown),   AIS  area
wastewater,  bertrandite ore leaching scrubber,  and  bertrandite
ore countercurrent decantation scrubber.

EPA  agreed to allow modification of the monitoring  requirements
for   cyanide  at  any  beryllium  manufacturing  facility  which
certifies  that  it  does  not use or  generate  cyanide  at  the
facility.    This   modification  would  allow   yearly   cyanide
monitoring.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A  BAT discharge rate was calculated for each  subdivision  based
upon  the  flows  of  the existing  plants,  as  determined  from
analysis  of the data collection portfolios.  The discharge  rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentrations to determine
BAT  effluent  limitations.   Since the  discharge  rate  may  be
different   for  each  wastewater  source,  separate   production
normalized discharge rates for each of the 10 wastewater  sources
were  determined and are summarized in Table 10-3. The  discharge
rates are normalized on a production basis by relating the amount
of  wastewater generated to the mass of the intermediate  product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste stream
in  question.  These production normalizing parameters, or  PNPs,
are also listed in Table X-4 (page 3785).

At proposal, the BAT discharge rates reflected the flow reduction
requirements  of the selected BAT option.   For this reason,  the
one scrubber water which was targeted for flow reduction  through
recycle  for BAT had a lower flow rate than the corresponding BPT
flow.    Since   several  plants  in  other  subcategories   have
demonstrated sufficient ability to achieve substantial recycle of
similar  wastewaters,  lower flow allowances for this steam  were
believed to represent the best available technology  economically
achievable.

The  proposed  BAT discharge rate for beryllium  oxide  calcining
furnace  wet air pollution control water was based on 90  percent
recycle  of  the scrubber effluent (refer to Section VII  of  the
General  Development Document).   Consequently,  the proposed BAT
production   normalized  discharge  flow  for   beryllium   oxide
calcining  furnace  wet  air pollution control was  26,373  1/kkg
(6,320 gal/ton) of beryllium oxide produced.

Since  proposal,  industry  comments to EPA have  indicated  that
recycle is presently practiced for the beryllium oxide  calcining


                               3779

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


furnace scrubber,  and to require additional recycle at BAT would
be unachievable.  Upon evaluation of the data, the Agency decided
not  to  require any recycle beyond what is presently  practiced.
Thus, the promulgated BAT discharge allowance for beryllium oxide
calcining  furnace  wet air pollution control  is  263,700  1/kkg
(63,190  gal/ton)  of beryllium oxide produced.   This  discharge
rate is equivalent to that promulgated at BPT.


REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS '

The  Agency placed particular emphasis on the  toxic  pollutants.
The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as  a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutants   and  pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.    This
examination  and  evaluation was presented in  Section  VI.   The
pollutants selected for specific limitation are listed below:

 117.  beryllium
 119.  chromium
 120.  copper
 121.  cyanide
       ammonia
       fluoride

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The concentrations achievable by application of BAT are discussed
in Section VII. The treatable concentrations both one day maximum
and  monthly average values are multiplied by the BAT  normalized
discharge flows summarized in Table X-3 (page 3783) to  calculate
the  mass  of  pollutants allowed to be discharged  per  mass  of
product.  The  results  of these calculations  in  milligrams  of
pollutant  per  kilogram of product represent  the  BAT  effluent
limitations  and are presented in Table X-4 (page 3785) for  each
waste stream.
                               3780

-------
                                         Table  X-1

                                 POLLUTANT  REMOVAL  ESTIMATES
                                PRIMARY  BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
          Pollutant

    Antimony
    Arsenic
    Beryllium
    Cadmium
    Chromium (Total)
    Copper
    Cyanide (Total)
^   Lead
ro   Mercury
M   Nickel
    Selenium
    Silver
    Thallium
    Zinc

    TOTAL PRIORITY
    POLLUTANTS

    Ammonia
    Fluoride
Raw
Waste
(kg/yr)
0.0225
1.7080
2,157.5560
0.4495
2.2698
26.0466
535.7427
0.0225
0.0225
0.9439
0.0000
0.4944
0.0000
2.1574
Option A
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0.0225
1.7080
6.7420
0.4495
1.8878
13.0346
1.5731
0.0225
0.0225
0.9439
o.oooo
0.4944
0.0000
2.1574
Option A
Removed
(kg/yr)
0.0000
0.0000
2,150.8140
0.0000
0.3820
13.0121
534.1696
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Option C
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0.0225
1.7080
4.4947
0.4495
1.5731
8.7646
1.0562
0.0225
0.0225
0.9439
0.0000
0.4944
0.0000
2.1574
Option C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0.0000
0.0000
2,153.0613
0.0000
0.6967
17.2820
534.6864
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
PRIMARY E
w
K;
f
H
g
w
G
CO
o
1-3
w
o
o
K

2,727.4358
                         70,666.2800
                         58,657.8587
                                          29.0581
                 723.6426
                 325.8639
  2,698.3777
                          69,942.6374
                          58,331.9949
                                             21.7093
                 723.6426
                 325.8639
              2,705.7265
             69,942.6374
             58,331.9949
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS  129,324.1387    1,049.5064   128,274.6323    1,049.5064   128,274.6323
TSS
Oil and Grease

TOTAL CONVENTIONALS

TOTAL POLLUTANTS
    582.2401
    179.6746

    761.9147

132,813.4892
               269.6805
               179.6746

               449.3551

             1,527.9196
    312.5596
      0.0000

    312.5596

131,285.5696
   58.4308
  179.6746

  238.1054

1,309.3211
                                                                                      523.8093
                                                                                        0.0000

                                                                                      523.8093

                                                                                  131,504.1681
                                                                                              w
                                                                                              o

-------
        PRIMARY BERYLLIUM: SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
                      TABLE X-2

COST OP COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                   DIRECT DISCHARGERS

                 (March 1982 Dollars)

      Option         Capital Cost        Annual Coat

        A               226500             251200

        B               256200             265600
                           3782

-------
                                             Table X-3

                BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE  PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
03
UJ
        Wastewater Stream

     Solvent extraction raffinate
     from bertrandite ore
     Solvent extraction raffinate
     from beryl ore
     Beryllium carbonate filtrate
Beryllium hydroxide filtrate
                                      BAT Normalized
                                     Discharge  Rate
                                 103  1/kkg   103  gal/ton
2,246



  220.0



"  214.5


  136.0
     Beryllium oxide calcining furnace    263.7
     wet air pollution control

     Beryllium hydroxide supernatant      230.0



     Process water                        174.8

     Fluoride furnace scrubber              0

     Chip treatment wastewater              7.75

     Beryllium pebble plant area vent       0
     wet air pollution control
538.2



 52.72



 51.40


 32.6


 63.19


 55.12



 41.89

  0

  1.86

  0
    Productin
 Normalized Parameter

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced from bertrandite ore
  as beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
   duced from beryl ore as
   beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium hydroxide pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium oxide produced
                                                              Beryllium hydroxide pro-
                                                                duced from scrap and
                                                                residues as beryllium

                                                              Beryllium pebbles produced

                                                              Beryllium pebbles produced

                                                              Beryllium scrap chips treated

                                                              Beryllium pebbles produced
                                                                                                    M
W
O
s
H
Q
O
                                                            w
                                                            O

-------
                                       Table X-3  (Continued)


                BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM  SUBCATEGORY
u>
-j
00
*»
        Wastewater Stream


     Beryllium ore gangue dewatering


     Bertrandite ore gangue
     dewatering


     Beryllium ore processing


     AIS area wastewater
     Bertrandite ore leaching
     scrubber


     Bertrandite ore counter

     current decantation scrubber
     BAT Normalized
    Discharge Rate

103 1/kkg   103 gal/ton
  1.043


  2.665




  7.303


468.0




  1.511




  0.101
  0.25


  0.639




  1.75


112.1




  0.362




  0.024
   Productin

Normalized Parameter


 Beryllium ore processed


 Bertrandite ore processed



 Beryllium ore processed


 Total beryllium carbonate

 produced as beryllium


 Bertrandite ore processed



 Bertrandite ore processed
ttl
W
r<
H
en
C
w
o
>
1-3
w
Q
O

S
                                                                                                     w
                                                                                                     o
                                                                                                     Hi

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


                          .  TABLE X-4

   BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (a) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate
              produced from bertrandite ore (as Be)

Beryllium                 1,842.000            831.000
Chromium                    831.000            336.900
Copper                    2,875.000          1,370.000
Cyanide                     449.200            179.700
Ammonia                 299,400.000        131,600.000
Fluoride                 78,610.000         44,700.000


 (b)  Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl Ore  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate
                 produced from beryl ore (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
180.400
81.400
281.600
44.000
29,330.000
7,700.000
81.400
33.000
134.200
17.600
12,890.000
4,378.000
(c) Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate  BAT
Pollutant or               Maximum for       Maximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
of

28,
7,
beryllium
175.900
79.370
274.600
42.900
590.000
508.000
carbonate

12
4
produced
79.370
32.180
130.800
17.160
,570.000
,269.000
(as



                               3785

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


                      TABLE X-4 (Continued)

   BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

(d)  Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced (as
111.520 50.320
50.320 20.400
174.080 82.960
27.200 10.880
18,128.800 7,969.600
4,760.000 2,706.400
(e) Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet APC  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million


Ibs)

35,
9,
216
97
337
52
150
230
of beryllium
.200
.570
.500
.740
.000
.000
oxide produced

15,
5,
97.
39.
160.
21.
450.
248,
,570
,560
,900
,100
,000
,000
(f) Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium hydroxide
            produced,from scrap and residues (as Be)
Beryllium                 188.600              85.100
Chromium                   85.100              34.500
Copper                    294.400             140.300
Cyanide                    46.000              18.400
Ammonia                30,660.000          13,480.000
Fluoride              160,300.000          71,200.000
                               3786

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


                      TABLE X-4  (Continued)

   BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

(g) Process Water  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(lb/million


Ibs)

23
6
143
64
223
34
,300
,118
of beryllium
.300
.680
.700
.960
.000
.000
pebbles

10,
3,
64
26
106
13
240
479
produced
.680
.220
.600
.980
.000
.000
(h) Fluoride Furnace Scrubber   BAT
Pollutant or               Maximum for       Maximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg (lb/million Ibs)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(i) Chip Treatment Wastewater

of beryllium
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
BAT
pebbles produced
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Pollutant or               Maximum for       Maximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

     mg/kg (lb/million Ibs)of beryllium scrap chips treated

Beryllium                    6.355               2.868
Chromium                     2.868               1.163
Copper                       9.920               4.728
Cyanide                      1.550                .620
Ammonia                  1,033.000             454.200
Fluoride                   271.300             154.200
                               3787

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


                      TABLE X-4  (Continued)

   BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE  PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (j) Beryllium Pebble Plant Area  Vent Wet APC  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg (
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(k) Beryl Ore

Ib/million Ibs ) of beryllium
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
•0.000
0.000
Gangue Dewatering BAT

pebbles produced
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Pollutant or               Maximum for       Maximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average
mg/kg (pounds
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Coppe r
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
per million pounds)
0.855
0.386
1.335
0.209
139.032
36.505
(1) Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering


of beryl ore processed
0.386
0.156
0.636
0.083
61.120
20.756
BAT
Pollutant or               Maximum for       Maximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

 mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                  2.185             0.986
Chromium (Total)           0.986             0.400
Copper                     3.411             1.626
Cyanide (Total)            0.533             0.213
Ammonia (as N)           355.245           156.169
Fluoride                  93.275            53.034
                               3788

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


                      TABLE X-4  (Continued)

   BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE  PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (m) Beryl Ore Processing  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

 Beryllium                 ,5.988              2.702
 Chromium (Total)          2.702              1.095
 Copper                    9.348              4.455
 Cyanide (Total)           1.461              0.584
 Ammonia (as N)          973.490            427.956
 Fluoride                255.605            145.330


 (n) Aluminum Iron Sludge  (AIS) Area Wastewater  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of total beryllium carbonate
                        produced  (as Be)

 Beryllium                 383.760           173.160
 Chromium (Total)          173.160            70.200
 Copper                    599.040           285.480
 Cyanide (Total)            93.600            37.440
 Ammonia (as N)         62,384.400        27,424.800
 Fluoride               16,380.000         9,313.200


 (o) Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed

 Beryllium                 1.239               0.559
 Chromium (Total)          0.559               0.227
 Copper                    1.934               0.922
 Cyanide (Total)           0.302               0.121
Ammonia (as N)          201.416              88.545
 Fluoride                 52.885              30.069
                               3789

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGQRY   SECT - X


                      TABLE X-4  (Continued)

   BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
(p) Bertrandite Ore Countercurrent and Decantation
    (CCD) Scrubber  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property         any one day       monthly average

               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                 0.083              0.037
Chromium (Total)          0^.037              0.015
Copper                    0.129              0.062
Cyanide (Total)           0.020              0.008
Ammonia (as N)           13.463              5.919
Fluoride                  3.535              2.010
                               3790

-------
                        1o AIMIHIIII.I Krcwvi-ry
           Process Water
OJ
-4
                              Ajnmon (a
                                                Chemical
                       Sulvvnt fcxtr.it i Ion Hufffnate  from
                       Jttill ramiJi** Or»
                       Solvent Extraction Rafflnate from
                       Beryl  Ore
BeryllJuia Carbonate Filtrate
                       Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate
                       Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace
                       Wet Air Pollution Control
                       Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant
                       Chip Treatment, ^asiewater
                       Fluoride Furnace Scrubber
                       Beryllium Pebble  Plant Area Vent
                       Wei  Air Pollution Control
                                                                                                                       Discharge
                                                                                                                                                         Sl '"*«'• to
                                                   -*•  Keu.se
                                                                          Figure  X-1

                                                        BAT  TREATMENT  SCHEME  FOR  OPTION  A
                                                                                                                                                                     »
                                                                                                                                                                     H
                                                                                                                                              M


                                                                                                                                              H
                                                                                                                                              s
                                                                                                                                              W
                                                                                                                                              G
W
O
o
                                                                                                                                                                     OT

                                                                                                                                                                     O

-------
Pruveis Water
Solvent  Extract Ion fuKtntir from
B,-rt r.iuJll,' Ore
Solvent Extraction mfflnate fro*
Beryl Ore
6rry 11 m» C»rboriine
      lu* Hydronlde Filtrate
 8iTylllu» Oslde Calcliiiitg Furuace

 Wet Air Puliutloft Coiitral	
 fcrylllu» MyJrutlde Sup»cnatjrn
Chip Tredt»«mt
 Kluui'tUe Furnace Scrubber
 BxylHua Pebble Piani Ar<;«

 Wei Air follutlun Control
                                                                                                                                                                     H
                                                                                                                                                                     a
                                                                                                                                                                     a
                                                                                                                                                                     3
                                                                                                                                                                    'C
                                                                                                                                                                    W
                                                                                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                                                                                    M
                                                                                                                                                                    Q
                                                                                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                                                                                     C/l
                                                                                                                                                                     w
                                                                                                                                                                     O
                                                                   Figure  X-2


                                                 BAT  TREATMENT  SCHEME  FOR  OPTION  C

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI



                           SECTION XI

                NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

This   section  describes  the  technologies  for  treatment   of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for  regulated  pollutants  for NSPS  in  the  primary  beryllium
subcategory,  based  on the selected  treatment  technology.  New
plants have the opportunity to design the best and most efficient
production   processes  and  wastewater  treatment   technologies
without  facing the added costs and restrictions  encountered  in
retrofitting an existing plant.  Therefore, the best demonstrated
process  changes,  in-plant controls, and  end-of-pipe  treatment
technologies  which  reduce  pollution  to  the  maximum   extent
feasible are considered as a basis for BDT.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS

New  source  performance  standards are equivalent  to  the  best
available  technology  (BAT)  selected  for  currently   existing
primary  beryllium  plants.   This result  is  a  consequence  of
careful review by the Agency of a wide range of technical options
for new source treatment systems which is discussed in Section XI
of Vol. I. Additionally, there was nothing found to indicate that
the wastewater flows and characteristics of new plants would  not
be  similar  to those from existing plants, since  the  processes
used by new sources are not expected to differ from those used at
existing   sources.   Consequently,  BAT  production   normalized
discharge  rates, which are based on the best existing  practices
of  the subcategory, can also be applied to new  sources.   These
rates are presented in Table XI-1 (page 3796).

Treatment  technologies  considered  for  the  NSPS  options  are
identical  to  the treatment technologies considered for the  BAT
options.  These options are:

OPTION A

     o  Recycle of scrubber liquors
     o  Ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation
        for selected waste streams
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

OPTION C

     o  Recycle of scrubber liquors
     o  Ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation pre-
        treatment for selected waste streams
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
     o  Multimedia filtration

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA proposed that the best available demonstrated technology  for


                               3793

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


the primary beryllium subcategory be equivalent to Option C.   At
proposal,  Option C included in-process flow reduction,  chemical
precipitation,    sedimentation,   and   multimedia    filtration
technology.   The  Agency  was  also  considering  regulation  of
ammonia   based  on  ammonia  steam  stripping  technology,   and
regulation of cyanide based on cyanide precipitation.

The  wastewater flow rates for NSPS were the same as the proposed
BAT flow rates.  Flow reduction measures beyond those proposed at
BAT  were  not considered feasible because  no  new  demonstrated
technologies  existed  within  the subcategory that  improved  on
discharge practices.   The pollutants proposed for regulation  at
NSPS were the same as those proposed for regulation at BAT,  with
the addition of TSS and pH.

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA  is  promulgating best available demonstrated technology  for
the  primary beryllium subcategory equivalent to  Option  C.   In
contrast  to  Option  C at proposal,  Option  C  at  promulgation
includes   ammonia  steam  stripping  and  cyanide  precipitation
pretreatment  for selected waste streams,  followed  by  chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and multimedia filtration.

Our  review of the subcategory indicates that no new demonstrated
technologies  that improve on BAT technology exist.   We  do  not
believe  that new plants could achieve any further flow reduction
beyond that already promulgated for BAT.   Because NSPS is  equal
to  BAT  we  believe that the promulgated NSPS will  not  have  a
detrimental   impact  on  the  entry  of  new  plants  into  this
subcategory.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be  found  in treatable concentrations in  processes  within  new
sources  will  be  any  different  than  with  existing  sources.
Accordingly,  pollutants  and  pollutant parameters selected  for
limitation  under  promulgated  NSPS,   in  accordance  with  the
rationale of Sections VI and X,  are identical to those  selected
for  promulgated BAT.   The conventional pollutant parameters TSS
and pH are also selected for limitation.


NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source are the  same
as the discharge rates for BAT and are shown in Table XI-1  (page
3786).   The mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per  mass
of  product  (mg/kg) is based on the product of  the  appropriate
treatable  concentration  (mg/1) and  the  production  normalized
wastewater discharge flows (1/kkg).  The treatment  effectiveness
concentrations  are listed in Table VII-21 (page 248) of  Vol.  I
with   the   exception  of  fluoride  for   beryllium   hydroxide
supernatant,  as discussed in Section IX.  The results  of  these


                               3794

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


calculations  are  the production based  new  source  performance
standards.  These standards are presented in Table XI-2.
                               3795

-------
                                        TABLE XI-1

           NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
   Wastewater Stream

Solvent extraction raffinate
from bertrandite ore
Solvent extraction raffinate
from beryl ore
Beryllium carbonate filtrate
Beryllium hydroxide filtrate
     NSPS Normalized
    Discharge Rate
103 1/kkg   103 gal/ton
  2,246
    220.0



    214.5


    136.0
Beryllium oxide calcining furnace    263.7
wet air pollution control

Beryllium hydroxide supernatant      230.0



Process water                        174.8

Fluoride furnace scrubber              0

Chip treatment wastewater              7.75

Beryllium pebble plant area vent       0
wet air pollution control
538.2



 52.72



 51.40


 32.6


 63.19


 55.12




 41.89

  0

  1.86

  0
    Productin
 Normalized Parameter

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced from bertrandite ore
  as beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
   duced from beryl ore as
   beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium hydroxide pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium oxide produced
                             Beryllium hydroxide pro-
                               duced from scrap and
                               residues as beryllium

                             Beryllium pebbles produced

                             Beryllium pebbles produced

                             Beryllium scrap chips treated

                             Beryllium pebbles produced
                                                            H
                                                            s
                                                                                              to
                                                                                              w
tr«
H
a
Cfl
a
w
o
                                                                                              M
                                                                                              a
                                                                                              o
                               t-3

                                I


                               H

-------
                                        TABLE XI-1 (Continued)

                 NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
u>

U3
         Wastewater Stream

      Beryllium ore gangue dewatering

      Bertrandite ore gangue
      dewatering

      Beryllium ore processing

      AIS area wastewater
      Bertrandite ore leaching
      scrubber

      Bertrandite ore counter
      current decantation scrubber
     NSPS Normalized
    Discharge Rate
103 1/kkg   103 gal/ton
  1.043

  2.665


  7.303

468.0


  1.511


  0.101
  0.25

  0.639


  1.75

112.1


  0.362


  0.024
   Productin
Normalized Parameter

 Beryllium ore processed

 Bertrandite ore processed


 Beryllium ore processed

 Total beryllium carbonate
 produced as beryllium

 Bertrandite ore processed


 Bertrandite ore processed
                                                             2
03
W
K
ft
ft
M
G
3
tn
o

Hi
Q
O
                                                                                                    W
                                                                                                    M
                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                    1-3

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


                           TABLE XI-2

           NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

(a) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate
              produced from bertrandite ore (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
(b) Solvent
1,842.000
831.000
2,875.000
449.200
299,400.000
78,610.000
33,690.000
Within the range of 7.
Extraction Raffinate from
831.000
336.900
1,370.000
179.700
131,600.000
44,700.000
26,950.000
5 to 10.0 at all times
Beryl Ore NSPS

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate
                 produced from beryl ore (as Be)

*Beryllium                 180.400              81.400
*Chromium                   81.400              33.000
*Copper                    281.600             134.200
*Cyanide                    44.000              17.600
*Ammonia                29,330.000          12,890.000
*Fluoride                7,700.000           4,378.000
*TSS                     3,300.000           2,640.000
*pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times

(c) Beryllium Carbonate FiltrateNSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
rag/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH




28,
7,
3,
Within the
beryllium carbonate
175.
79.
274.
42.
590.
508.
218.
900
370
600
900
000
000
000
range of 7.5




12
4
2
to 10.
produced (as
79
32
130
17
,570
,269
,574
0 at
.370
.180
.800
.160
.000
.000
.000
all







times
                               3798

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
                   TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

           NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (d) Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced  (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
          111.520
           50.320
          174.080
           27.200
       18,128.800
        4,760.000
        2,040.000
Within the range of 7.5
        50.320
        20.400
        82.960
        10.880
     7,969.600
     2,706.400
     1,632.000
 to 10.0 at all
times
(e) Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet APC  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium
Beryllium 216.200
Chromium 97.570
Copper 337.500
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
(f)


Beryllium

35,
9,
3,
Within the
52.740
150.000
230.000
956.000
range of 7.5 to
oxide produced
97.570
39.560
160.900

15
5
3
10.
21
,450
,248
,164
0 at
.100
.000
.000
.000
all




times
Hydroxide Supernatant NSPS






Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
          mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide
            produced from scrap and residues (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
PH
          188.600
           85.100
          294.400
           46.000
       30,660.000
      160,300.000
        3,450.000
        85.100
        34.500
       140.300
        18.400
    13,480.000
    71,200.000
     2,760.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3799

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
                     SECT - XI
                   TABLE XI-2  (Continued)

           NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
(g) Process Water  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
(h) Fluoride

143.300
64.680
223.700
34.960
23,300.000
6/118.000
2,622.000
Within the range of 7.5
Furnace Scrubber NSPS

64.680
26.220
106.600
13.980
10,240.000
3,479.000
2,098.000
to 10.0 at all





times

Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
      mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.5 to 10.0 at
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
all times
(i) Chip Treatment Wastewater  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium scrap chipstreated
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
6.355
2.868
9.920
1.550
1,033.000
271.300
116.300
Within the range of 7.5
2.868
1.163
4.728
.620
454.200
154.200
93.000
to 10.0 at all




times
                               3800

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


                   TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

           NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (j) Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet APC  NSPS

 Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
 pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium pebbles produced
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
TSS
pH
(k) Beryl Ore

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Within the range of 7.5
Gangue Dewatering NSPS

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
to 10.0 at all times

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of beryl ore processed
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within the
0.855
0.386
1.335
0.209
139.032
36.505
, 15.645
range of 7.5
0.386
0.156
0.636
0.083
61.120
20.756
12.516
to 10.0 at all







times
(1) Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of bertrandite ore proces
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
pH Within
2.185
0.986
3.411
0.533
355.245
93.275
39.975
the range of
0.986
0.400
1.626
0.213
156.169
53.034
31.980
7.5 to 10.0 at all







times
                               3801

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

           NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
(m) Beryl Ore Processing  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/kg (pounds per
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
million pounds)
5.988
2.702
9.348
1.461
973.490
255.605
109.545
of beryl ore processed
2.702
1.095
4.455
0.584
427.956
145.330
87.636
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(n) Aluminum Iron Sludge (AIS) Area Wastewater  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of total beryllium carbonate
                        produced  (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Ammonia (as N)
Fluoride
Total Suspended Solids
          383.760
          173.160
          599.040
           93.600
       62,384.400
       16,380.000
        7,020.000
      173.160
       70.200
      285.480
       37.440
   27,424.800
    9,313.200
    5,616.000
                Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
       Maximum for
       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed
Beryllium                 1.239
Chromium (Total)          0.559
Copper                    1.934
Cyanide (Total)           0.302
Ammonia (as N)          201.416
Fluoride                 52.885
Total Suspended Solids   22.665
                               0.559
                               0.227
                               0.922
                               0.121
                              88.545
                              30.069
                              18.132
                Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3802

-------
            PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


                   TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

           NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

(p) Bertrandite Ore Countercurrent and Decantation
    (CCD) Scrubber  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

               mg//kg 0£ ""bertrandite' ore processed

Beryllium                 0.083                0.037
Chromium (Total)          0.037                0.015
Copper                    0.129                0.062
Cyanide (Total)           0.020                0.008
Ammonia (as N)           13.463                5.919
Fluoride                  3.535                2.010
Total Suspended Solids    1.515                1.212
pH              Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3803

-------
PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
   THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                   3804

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII



                           SECTION XII

                     PRETREATMENT STANDARDS


This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment  of  process  wastewaters from new  sources  in  the
primary   beryllium  subcategory.   Pretreatment  standards   for
regulated pollutants are presented based on the selected  control
and  treatment  technology.  Pretreatment  standards  are  to  be
technology based, analogous to the best available technology  for
removal of toxic pollutants.

EPA  is  not  promulgating pretreatment  standards  for  existing
sources  at  this  time because there are currently  no  indirect
discharging facilities in this subcategory.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT

Before  proposing and promulgating  pretreatment  standards,  the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen   sludge  disposal  practices.    In  determining  whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving  secondary
treatment,  the  Agency  compares the percentage of  a  pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying  the best available technology economically  achievable.
A  pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the  average
percentage  removed  nationwide  by  well-operated  POTW  meeting
secondary  treatment  requirements,  is less than the  percentage
removed  by  direct  dischargers  complying  with  BAT   effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant.

This   definition   of  pass-through  satisfies   two   competing
objectives  set  by Congress:  (1) that  standards  for  indirect
dischargers  be  equivalent to standards for  direct  dischargers
while  at  the same time, (2) that the treatment  capability  and
performance  of the POTW be recognized and taken into account  in
regulating the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.

The  Agency compares percentage removal rather than the  mass  or
concentration  of pollutants discharged because the latter  would
not  take  into account the mass of pollutants discharged to  the
POTW   from  non-industrial  sources  or  the  dilution  of   the
pollutants  in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations  due  to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR'NEW SOURCES

Options  for  pretreatment  of wastewaters from new  sources  are
based  on increasing the effectiveness of  end-of-pipe  treatment
technologies.    All  in-plant changes and applicable  end-of-pipe
treatment  processes have been discussed previously in Sections X
and XI.  The options for PSNS, therefore,  are the same as the BAT


                               3805

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


options discussed in Section X.

Treatment technologies considered for the PSNS options are;

OPTION A

     o  Recycle of scrubber liquors
     o  Ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation
        for selected waste streams
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

OPTION C

     o  Recycle of scrubber liquors
     o  Ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation
     o
      — _  —  — __tjc_ --_/ — — — u	. _ _ £— __
pretreatment for selected waste streams
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA proposed that the pretreatment standards technology base  for
the  primary  beryllium subcategory be equivalent  to  Option  C,
inprocess flow reduction, chemical precipitation,  sedimentation,
and  multimedia  filtration.   EPA was  considering  addition  of
ammonia steam stripping and cyanide precipitation for control  of
ammonia and cyanide.

The wastewater discharge rates proposed for PSNS were  equivalent
to  the  proposed BAT discharged races.  No  flow  reduction  was
considered  feasible  beyond the recycle proposed for  BAT.   The
pollutants proposed for regulation at PSNS were the same as those
proposed for regulation at BAT.

PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

The  technology basis for promulgated PSNS is identical  to  NSPS
and  BAT.   It  includes  ammonia  steam  stripping  and  cyanide
precipitation  pretreatment for selected waste streams,  followed
by   chemical   precipitation,  sedimentation,   and   multimedia
filtration  technology.   It is necessary to promulgate  PSNS  to
prevent  passthrough  of beryllium,  chromium,  copper,  cyanide,
ammonia,  and  fluoride.  We know of  no  economically  feasible,
demonstrated  technology that is better than BAT technology.   No
additional  flow reduction for new sources is feasible.   Because
PSNS  does not include any additional costs compared to NSPS  and
BAT, we do not believe it will prevent entry of new plants.   The
PSNS discharge rates are shown in Table XII-1 (page 3808).

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

Pollutants  selected  for  limitation,  in  accordance  with  the
rationale of Sections VI and X,  are identical to those  selected
for limitation for BAT.
                               3806

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGGRY   SECT - XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

Pretreatment standards for new sources are based on the treatable
concentrations  from the selected treatment  technology,  (Option
C),  and the discharge rates determined in Section X for BAT.   A
mass of pollutant per mass of product (mg/kg) allocation is given
for  each  subdivision within the  subcategory.   This  pollutant
allocation is based on the product of the treatment effectiveness
concentration from the model treatment (mg/1) and the  production
normalized  wastewater  discharge rate (1/kkg).   The  achievable
treatment  effectiveness concentrations for BAT are identical  to
those for PSNS.  PSNS are presented in Table XII-2.
                               3807

-------
                                              TABLE XII-1

                 PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES  FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
00
o
00
         Wastewater  Stream

       Solvent  extraction  raffinate        2,246
       from bertrandite  ore
       Solvent  extraction  raffinate          220.0
       from beryl ore
      Beryllium  carbonate  filtrate
Beryllium hydroxide filtrate
      Beryllium oxide  calcining  furnace
      wet  air  pollution control

      Beryllium hydroxide  supernatant
      Process water                         174.8

      Fluoride  furnace  scrubber               0

      Chip treatment wastewater               7.75

      Beryllium pebble  plant  area vent        0
      wet air pollution control
                                      PSNS Normalized
                                     Discharge Rate
                                 103 1/kkg   103 gal/ton
                                                 538.2
                                                  52.72
214.5
136.0
263.7
230.0
51.40
32.6
63.19
55.12
                                                  41.89

                                                   0

                                                   1.86

                                                   0
    Productin
 Normalized Parameter

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced from bertrandite ore
  as beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
   duced from beryl ore as
   beryllium

Beryllium carbonate pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium hydroxide pro-
  duced as beryllium

Beryllium oxide produced
Beryllium hydroxide pro-
  duced from scrap and
  residues as beryllium

Beryllium pebbles produced

Beryllium pebbles produced

Beryllium scrap chips treated

Beryllium pebbles produced
50
H
                                                                                                    M
                                                                                                    8
                                                                                              H
                                                                                              G
                                                                                              2
                                                                                              w-
                                                                                              c
                                                                                              w
                                                                                              o
                                                                                              M
                                                                                              Q

                                                                                              I
                                                                                              w
                                                                                              w
                                                                                              n
X
H
H

-------
                                        TABLE XII-1 (Continued)

                 PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
OJ
c»
o
         Wastewater Stream

      Beryllium ore gangue dewatering

      Bertrandite ore gangue
      dewatering

      Beryllium ore processing

      AIS area wastewater
      Bertrandite ore leaching
      scrubber

      Bertrandite ore counter
      current decantation scrubber
     PENS Normalized
    Discharge Rate
103 l/kkg   103 gal/ton
  1.043

  2.665


  7.303

468.0


  1.511


  0.101
  0.25

  0.639


  1.75

112.1 •


  0.362


  0.024
   Productin
Normalized Parameter

 Beryllium ore processed

 Bertrandite ore processed


 Beryllium ore processed

 Total beryllium carbonate
 produced as beryllium

 Bertrandite ore processed


 Bertrandite ore processed
                                                 H
                                                 5
td
f»
ti
H
i
CO
c
Cd
H
M
Q
O
                                                                                                    C/J
                                                                                                    m
                                                                                                    o

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                           TABLE XII-2

           PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

(a) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Bertrandite Ore  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium carbonate
              produced from bertrandite ore  (as Be)

Beryllium               1,842.000             831.000
Chromium                  831.000             336.900
Copper                  2,875.000            1,370.000
Cyanide                   449.200             179.700
Ammonia               299,400.000         131,600.000
Fluoride               78,610.000          44,700.000


(b) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from Beryl  Ore  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium carbonate
                 produced from beryl ore (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
180.400
81.400
281.600
44.000
29,330.000
7,700.000
81.400
33.000
134.200
17.600
12,890.000
4,378.000
(c) Beryllium Carbonate Filtrate  PSES
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million
Beryllium
Chromium
Coppe r
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
Ibs) of

28,
7,
beryllium
175.900
79.370
274.600
42.900
590.000
508.000
carbonate

12,
4,
produced
79.370
32.180
130.800
17.160
570.000
269.000
(as



                               3810

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                     TABLE XII-2  (Continued)

           PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (d) Beryllium Hydroxide Filtrate  PSES

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg (Ib/million
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
Ibs) of beryllium hydroxide produced
111.520 50.320
50.320 20.400
174.080 82.960
27.200 10.880
18,128.800 7,969.600
4,760.000 2,706.400
(as






(e) Beryllium Oxide Calcining Furnace Wet APC  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium
216.200
97.570
337.500
52.740
35,150.000
9,230.000
oxide produced
97.570
39.560
160.900
21.100
15,450.000
5,248.000
(f) Beryllium Hydroxide Supernatant  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of beryllium hydroxide
            produced from scrap and residues (as Be)
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
188.600
85.100
294.400
46.000
30,660.000
160,300.000
85.100
34.500
140.300
18.400
13,480.000
71,200.000
                               3811

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII
                     TABLE XI1-2  (Continued)

           PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY
(g) Process Water  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million Ibs

23,
6,
) of
143.
64.
223.
34.
300.
118.
beryllium
300
680
700
960
000
000
pebbles
64
26
106
13
10,240
3,479
produced
.680
.220
.600
.980
.000
.000
(h) Fluoride Furnace Scrubber  PSES
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million Ibs)



of beryllium
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
pebbles produced
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(i) Treatment Wastewater  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium scrap chips treated

Beryllium                    6.355               2.868
Chromium                     2.868               1.163
Copper                       9.920               4.728
Cyanide                      1.550                .620
Ammonia                  1,033.000             454.200
Fluoride                   271.300             154.200
                               3812

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                     TABLE XII-2  (Continued)

           PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (j) Beryllium Pebble Plant Area Vent Wet APC  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Beryllium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million Ibs) of beryllium
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
pebbles produced
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(k)  Ore Gangue Dewatering  PSES
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

    mg/kg (pounds per million pounds) of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                    0.855             0.386
Chromium (Total)             0.386             0.156
Copper                       1.335             0.636
Cyanide (Total)              0.209             0.083
Ammonia (as N)            , 139.032            61.120
Fluoride                    36.505            20.756
(1) Bertrandite Ore Gangue Dewatering  PSES

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
nig/kg (pounds per million pounds)
of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                   2.185              0.986
Chromium (Total)            0.986              0.400
Copper                     : 3.411              1.626
Cyanide (Total)             0.533              0.213
Ammonia (as N)            355.245            156.169
Fluoride                   93.275             53.034
                               3813

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                     TABLE XII-2 (Continued)

           PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

 (m) Beryl Ore Processing  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

    mg/kg(pounds per million pounds)of beryl ore processed

Beryllium                   5.988             2.702
Chromium (Total)            2.702             1.095
Copper                      9.348             4.455
Cyanide (Total)             1.461             0.584
Ammonia (as N)            973.490           427.956
Fluoride                  255.605           145.330


 (n) Aluminum Iron Sludge (AIS) Area Wastewater  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

 mg/kg(pounds per million pounds) of total beryllium carbonate
                        produced (as Be)

Beryllium                 383.760            173.160
Chromium (Total)          173.160             70.200
Copper                    599.040            285.480
Cyanide (Total)            93.600             37.440
Ammonia (as N)         62,384.400         27,424.800
Fluoride               16,380.000          9,313.200


 (o) Bertrandite Ore Leaching Scrubber  PSES
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

               mg/kg of bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                 1.239                0.559
Chromium (Total)          0.559                0.227
Copper                    1.934                0.922
Cyanide (Total)           0.302                0.121
Ammonia (as N)          201.416               88.545
Fluoride                 52.885               30.069
                               3814

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                     TABLE XII-2 (Continued)

           PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY

(p) Be_r brand! be Ore C o u n t e r c u r r e n b and Decantation
    (CCD) Scrubber  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

               mg^kg Q£ bertrandite ore processed

Beryllium                 0.083               0.037
Chromium (Total)          0.037               0.015
Copper                    0.129               0.062
Cyanide (Total)           0.020               0.008
Ammonia (as N)           13.463               5.919
Fluoride                  3.535               2.010
                               3815

-------
PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII
     THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                     3816

-------
          PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SDiCATEGORY   SECT - XIII



                          SECTION XIII

         BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY


EPA  is  not  promulgating best  conventional  pollutant  control
technology   (BCT)   limitations  for   the   primary   beryllium
subeategory at this time.
                               3817

-------
PRIMARY BERYLLIUM SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XIII
     THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                     3818

-------
NONFERROUS METAI/S MANUFACTORING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY


           DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT


                       for the


        Primary Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory
                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                   Rebecca Hanmer
      Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and Standards
            Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
           Industrial Technology Division
             Ernst P. Hall, P.E., Chief
               Metals Industry Branch
                         and
              Technical Project Officer
                     May 1989
        U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                   Office of Water
      Office  of Water Regulations and Standards
           Industrial Technology Division
              Washington, D. C.   20460
                         3819

-------
3820

-------
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SDBCATEGORY


                        TABLE OP CONTENTS

Section

I         SUMMARY

II        CONCLUSIONS                                      3831

III       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE                              3837

          Description of Primary Nickel and Cobalt         3837
            Production
          Raw Materials                                    3837
          Leaching                                         3837
          Cobalt Precipitation and Reduction               3838
          Nickel Reduction                                 3838
          Process Wastewater Sources                       3838
          Other Wastewater Sources                         3838
          Age, Production, and Process Profile             3839

IV        SUBCATEGORIZATIQN                                3841

          Factors Considered in Subdividing the Primary    3841
            Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory
          Other Factors                                    3842
          Production Normalizing Parameters                3842

V         WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS         3843

          Wastewater Flow Rates                            3844
          Wastewater Characteristics Data                  3844
          Data Collection Portfolios                       3844
          Field Sampling Data                              3845
          Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by          3846
            Subdivision
          Raw Material Dust Control                        3846
          Cobalt Reduction Decant                          3846
          Nickel Reduction Decant                          3847
          Nickel Wash Water                                3847
                               3821

-------
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
Section
VII
VIII
                  TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)
SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS

Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant
  Parameters Selected
Toxic Priority Pollutants
Toxic Pollutants Never Detected
Toxic Pollutants Never Pound Above Their
  Analytical Quantification Concentration
Toxic Pollutants Present Below Concentrations
  Achievable by Treatment
Priority Pollutants Selected for Further
  Consideration in Establishing Limitations
  and Standards

CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Current Control and Treatment Practices
Raw Material Dust Control
Cobalt Reduction Decant
Nickel Reduction Decant
Nickel Wash Water
Control and Treatment Options
Option A
Option C

COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Treatment Options for Existing Sources
Option A
Option C
Cost Methodology
Nonwater Quality Aspects
Energy Requirements
Solid Waste
Air Pollution
                                                           3874
                                                           3874
                                                           3874

                                                           3875

                                                           3875
3885

3885
3885
3885
3886
3886
3886
3886
3886

3889

3889
3889
3889
3889
3890
3891
3891
3892
                               3822

-------
Section
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SOBCATEGQRY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
IX        BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY
          AVAILABLE

          Technical Approach to BPT                        3895
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    3897
          BPT Option Selection                             3897
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       3898
          Raw Material Dust Control                        3899
          Cobalt Reduction Decant                          3899
          Nickel Reduction Decant                          3899
          Nickel Wash Water                                3899
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3899
          Effluent Limitations                             3900

X         BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY           3905
          ACHIEVABLE

          Technical Approach to BAT                        3905
          Option A                                         3906
          Option C                                         3906
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    3906
          Pollutant Removal Estimates                      3906
          Compliance Costs                                 3907
          BAT Option Selection - Proposal                  3907
          BAT Option Selection - Promulgation              3908
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       3908
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3909
          Effluent Limitations                             3910

XI        NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                 3919

          Technical Approach to NSPS                       3919
          NSPS Option Selection - Proposal                 3920
          NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation             3920
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3920
          New Source Performance Standards                 3920
                               3823

-------
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)

Section                                                    Page

XII       PRETREATMENT STANDARDS                           3925

          Technical Approach to Pretreatment               3925
          Pretreatment Standards for New Sources           3926
          PSNS Option Selection - Proposal                 3926
          PSNS Option Selection - Promulgation             3926
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3927
          Pretreatment Standards for New Sources           3927

XIII      BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL              3931
          TECHNOLOGY
                               3824

-------
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


                         LIST OF TABLES


Table                  Title                               Page
V-l       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Raw Material   3848
          Dust Control

V-2       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Cobalt         3849
          Reduction Decant

V-3       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Nickel         3850
          Reduction 'Decant

V-4       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Nickel Wash    3851
          Water

V-5       Primary Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory Combined   3852
          Wastewater - Influent to Treatment Raw Wastewater
          Sampling Data

V-6       Primary Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory Treated    3862
          Plant Effluent

VI-1      Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants   3877
          Primary Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory Raw
          Wastewater

VI-2      Toxic Pollutants Never Detected                  3881

VIII-1    Cost of Compliance for the Primary Nickel and    3893
          Cobalt Subcategory Direct Dischargers

IX-1      BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary   3901
          Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory

IX-2      BPT Mass Limitations for the Primary Nickel and  3902
          Cobalt Subcategory

X-l       Pollutant Removal Estimates for Direct           3911
          Dischargers Primary Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory

X-2       Cost of Compliance for the Primary Nickel and    3912
          Cobalt Subcategory Direct Dischargers

X-3       BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary   3913
          Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory

X-4       BAT Mass Limitations for the Primary Nickel and  3914
          Cobalt Subcategory
                               3825

-------
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY



                         LIST OF TABLES



Table                  Title                               Paqe
XI-1      NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary  3921
          Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory

XI-2      NSPS for the Primary Nickel and Cobalt           3922
          Subcategory

XII-1     PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the Primary  3928
          Nickel and Cobalt Subcategory

XII-2     PSNS for the Primary Nickel and Cobalt           3929
          Subcategory
                               3826

-------
             PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                         LIST OP FIGURES
Figure                 Title                               Page


III-l     Primary Nickel and Cobalt Manufacturing Process  3840

V-l       Sampling Sites at Primary Nickel and Cobalt      3872
          Plant A

IX-1      BPT Treatment Scheme for the Primary Nickel and  3904
          Cobalt Subcategory

X-l       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A                3916

X-2       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C                3917
                               3827

-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                  3828

-------
   PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - I



                            SECTION I

                     SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
This  document  provides  the technical  basis  for  promulgating
effluent  limitations based on best practicable technology   (BPT)
and   best  available  technology  (BAT)  for   existing   direct
dischargers, pretreatment standards for new indirect  dischargers
(PSNS),  and  standards  of performance  for  new  source  direct
dischargers  (NSPS) for plants in the primary nickel  and  cobalt
subcategory.

The  primary nickel and cobalt subcategory consists of one  plant
which  discharges  directly  to a surface water.   There  are  no
indirect dischargers presently operating.

EPA  first studied the primary nickel and cobalt  subcategory  to
determine  whether differences in raw materials, final  products,
manufacturing  processes, equipment, age and size of  plants,  or
water  usage  required  the  development  of  separate   effluent
limitations   and  standards  for  different  segments   of   the
subcategory.  This  involved a detailed  analysis  of  wastewater
discharge  and  treated effluent  characteristics  including  the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the  constituents
of  wastewaters, including toxic pollutants.  As a  result,  four
subdivisions  have  been  identified for  this  subcategory  that
warrant separate effluent limitations.  These include:

      o  Raw material dust control,
      o  Cobalt reduction decant,
      o  Nickel reduction decant, and
      o  Nickel wash water.

Several  distinct  control and treatment technologies  (both  in-
plant  and  end-of-pipe)   applicable to the  primary  nickel  and
cobalt  subcategory were identified.    The Agency  analyzed  both
historical  and newly generated data on the performance of  these
technologies,  including  their  nonwater  quality  environmental
impacts  and  air quality,  solid waste  generation,  and  energy
requirements.  EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported  in  the  data  collection portfolios  (dcp)  and  plant
visits.

Engineering  costs  were  prepared for each of  the  control  and
treatment  options considered for the subcategory.    These  costs
were  then  used  by  the  Agency  .to  estimate  the  impact   of
implementing  the various options on the subcategory.   For  each
control  and  treatment option that the Agency found to  be  most
effective  and technically feasible in controlling the  discharge
of  pollutants,  the  number of  potential  closures,  number  of
employees  affected, and impact on price were  estimated.   These


                               3829

-------
   PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - I


results are reported in a separate document entitled The Economic
Impact  Analysis  of Effluent Limitations and Standards  for  the
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing. Industry.

After  examining the various treatment technologies,  the  Agency
has  identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology.   Metals removal based on chemical precipitation  and
sedimentation  technology  is the basis for the BPT  limitations.
Steam stripping was selected as the technology basis for  ammonia
limitations.   To meet the BPT effluent limitations based on this
technology, the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory is expected
to incur a capital cost of $71,362 and an annual cost of $27,184.

For  BAT7  the Agency has built upon the BPT technology basis  by
adding  filtration  as an effluent polishing step to the  end~of-
pipe  treatment  scheme.   To meet the BAT  effluent  limitations
based   on  this  technology,  the  primary  nickel  and   cobalt
subcategory  is estimated to incur a capital cost of $86,500  and
an annual cost of $31,800.

NSPS  is equivalent to BAT.   In selecting NSPS,  EPA  recognizes
that  new plants have the opportunity to implement the  best  and
most  efficient manufacturing processes and treatment technology.
As such,  the technology basis of BAT has been determined as  the
best demonstrated technology.

The  Agency is not promulgating PSES for this subcategory because
there are no indirect dischargers.  For PSNS, the Agency selected
end-of-pipe  treatment  and  in-process  flow  reduction  control
techniques equivalent to NSPS.

The  best  conventional  technology (BCT) replaces  BAT  for  the
control of conventional pollutants.  BCT is not being promulgated
because the methodology for BCT has not yet been finalized.

The mass limitations and standards for BPT,  BAT,  NSPS, and PSNS
are presented in Section II.
                               3830

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II



                            SECTION II

                           CONCLUSIONS

EPA  has divided the primary nickel and cobalt  subcategory  into
four subdivisions or building blocks for the purpose of  effluent
limitations and standards.  These subdivisions are:

    (a)  Raw material dust control,
    (b)  Cobalt reduction decant,
    (c)  Nickel reduction decant, and
    (d)  Nickel wash water.

BPT  is  promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle)  technology, along with preliminary treatment  consisting
of  ammonia  steam  stripping for  selected  waste  streams.  The
following BPT effluent limitations are promulgated:

(a)  Raw Material Dust Control  BPT

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average


     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and cobalt in
                    the crushed raw material

Copper                      0.146             0.077
Nickel                      0.148             0.098
Ammonia (as N)             10.260             4.512
Cobalt                      0.016             0.007
TSS                         3.157             1.502
pH         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b)  Cobalt Reduction Decant  BPT

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced

Copper                     40.660            21.400
Nickel                     41.080            27.180
Ammonia (as N)          2,852.000         1,254.000
Cobalt                      4.494             1.926
TSS                       877.300           417.300
pH         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3831

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND  COBALT  SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  II
 (c) - Ni.gke.1. Reduction Decant  BPT

   Pollutant or        Maximum  for       Maximum  for
 Pollutant property     Any One  Day     Monthly Average
            mg/kg  (Ib/million  Ibs) of nickel produced

Copper                       24.120             12.700
Nickel                       24.370             16.120
Ammonia  (as N)            1,692.000           743.90.0
Cobalt                       2.666             1.143
TSS                         520.500           247.600
pH          Within  the range of 7.5  to 10.0 at all times
 (d)  Nickel Wash Water  BPT

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
         mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed

Copper                        0.064             0.034
Nickel                        0.065             0.043
Ammonia  (as N)                4.515             1.985
Cobalt                        0.007             0.003
TSS                           1.389             0.660
pH          Within the range  of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BAT  is  promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application  of  chemical  precipitation,     sedimentation,  and
multimedia  filtration   (lime,  settle, and  filter)  technology,
along  with    preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia  steam
stripping for selected waste streams. The following BAT  effluent
limitations are promulgated:

(a)  Raw Material Dust Control  BAT

   Pollutant or        Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average


     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and cobalt in
                    the  crushed raw material

Copper                      0,;099             0.047
Nickel                      0.042             0.028
Ammonia (as N)             10.260             4.512
Cobalt                      0.011             0.005
                               3832

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY     SECT -  II
 (b)  Cobalt Reduction Decant  BAT

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
            rag/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced

Copper                     27.390            13.050
Nickel                     11.770             7.917
Ammonia  (as N)          2,852.000         1,254.000
Cobalt                      2.996             1.498
 (c)  Nickel Reduction Decant  BAT

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
            mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel produced

Copper                     16.250             7.744
Nickel                      6.982             4.697
Ammonia  (as N)          1,692.000           743.900
Cobalt                      1.777             0.889
(d)  Nickel Wash Water  BAT

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed

Copper                      0.043              0.021
Nickel                      0.019              0.013
Ammonia (as N)              4.515              1.985
Cobalt                      0.005              0.002
NSPS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application   of  chemical  precipitation,   sedimentation,   and
multimedia  filtration    ('lime/ settle, and filter)  technology,
along  with    preliminary treatment consisting of ammonia  steam
stripping  for  selected waste streams. The  following  NSPS  are
promulgated for new sources:
                               3833

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
 (a)  figy Material Dust Control  NSPS

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average


     mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and cobalt in
                    the crushed raw material

Copper                      0.099             0.047
Nickel                      0.042             0.028
Ammonia (as N)             10.260             4.512
Cobalt                      0.011             0.005
TSS                         1.155             0.924
pH         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (k)  Cobalt Reduction Decant  NSPS

   Pollutant or        Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average


            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced

Copper                     27.390            13.050
Nickel                     11.770             7.917
Ammonia (as N)          2,852.000         1,254.000
Cobalt                      2.996             1.498
TSS                       321.000           256.800
pH         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (c)  Nickel Reduction Decant  NSPS

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximumfor
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average


            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel produced

Copper                     16.250             7.744
Nickel                      6.982             4.697
Ammonia (as N)          1,692.000           743.900
Cobalt                      1.777             0.889
TSS                       190.400           152.300
pH         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3834

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY    SECT -II


 
-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
(c)  Nickel Reduction Decant  PSNS

   Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/raillion Ibs) of nickel produced
Copper
Nickel
Ammonia (as N)
Cobalt
(d) Nickel Wash Water

16.250
6.982
1,692.000
1.777
PSNS
7.744
4.697
743.900
0.889

   Pollutant or        Maximum for       Maximum for
Pollutant property     Any One Day     Monthly Average
         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed

Copper                      0.043             0.021
Nickel                      0.019             0.013
Ammonia (as N)              4.515             1.985
Cobalt                      0.005             0.002
EPA is not promulgating BCT for this subcategory at this time,
                               3836

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      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III



                           SECTION III

                        INDUSTRY PROFILE


This  section  of  the  primary  nickel  and  cobalt   supplement
describes  the  raw materials and processes used in smelting  and
refining primary nickel and cobalt and presents a profile of  the
primary nickel and cobalt plants identified in this study.

Both nickel and cobalt can be produced from primary and secondary
materials.   Production of these metals is regulated under  three
distinct  subcategories:   production  of nickel  from  secondary
materials,  production  of cobalt from secondary  materials,  and
production  of  nickel and cobalt from primary  materials.   This
subcategory  consists  of one plant  which  manufactures  primary
nickel  and cobalt.   Secondary nickel is regulated as a separate
subcategory,   as  -is  secondary  cobalt  (secondary  cobalt   is
regulated with secondary tungsten).

The   principle  use  for  nickel  is  as  an   alloying   agent,
particularly  in  the iron and steel  products.   Nickel  imparts
strength   and  corrosion  resistance  over  a  wide   range   of
temperatures.  Cobalt's value is also'as an alloying element, and
is used for cutting tools, jet engine parts, electrical  devices,
permanent  magnets,  catalysts, and pigments  and  dyes.   Cobalt
imparts  qualities such as heat resistance, high  strength,  wear
resistance, and magnetic properties.

DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT PRODUCTION

The  production of primary nickel and cobalt can be divided  into
three principal processing steps:  leaching, cobalt precipitation
and  reduction,  and nickel reduction.    The primary  nickel  and
cobalt  production  process is presented schematically in  Figure
III-l (page 3840), and described below.

RAW MATERIALS

Domestic  primary  nickel and cobalt production  begins  with  an
imported copper-nickel-cobalt ore concentrate or matte.

LEACHING

The raw material,   called matte,  is crushed and then ground in a
wet  ball mill,  prior to being fed to  a sulfuric  acid  leaching
system.    Dust  and  particulate matter  from  the  crushing  and
grinding  area are controlled by a baghouse.  The dust  and  fines
are slurried with water to facilitate transporting them from  the
baghouse.  Slurrying results in a process wastewater stream.

In  the  leaching process,  the ground  matte is  reacted  with  a
copper sulfate - sulfuric acid solution,  in order to separate the
copper  as  a solid from the nickel  and cobalt,   which  remain  in


                               3837

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III


solution.   The solids,  containing most of the copper, iron, and
some nickel and cobalt,  are sent to the copper recovery circuit.
From this circuit,  a recycle stream containing nickel and cobalt
is returned to the acid leaching process.   The liquids  produced
in  the  acid leaching process are sent to the nickel and  cobalt
recovery system.

COBALT PRECIPITATION AND REDUCTION

Separation of nickel from cobalt is accomplished by precipitating
the  cobalt  and  most impurities  from  solution  with  ammonium
persulfate.   The nickel-containing solution is routed to  nickel
reduction.

The  solids  from the cobalt precipitation step are routed  to  a
cobalt purification system.   Among other impurities,  the solids
contain a large nickel concentration.   The solids are  dissolved
and then treated by the "pentammine process" in which  ammonia is
added  to  the  solution to form  cobalt  pentammine  and  nickel
diammine.  After oxidizing the cobalt with air, acid is added  to
the  solution which causes the nickel and un-oxidized  cobalt  to
crystallize.   These  crystals  are  removed,  and  the  cobaltic
pentammine  solution is passed through an ion-exchange column  to
remove any remaining traces of nickel. The nickel is recycled  to
the nickel reduction process.  The nickel-free cobalt solution is
converted  to cobalt powder by reduction in a hydrogen  autoclave
furnace.   The liquid effluent from the cobalt reduction  furnace
is routed to the ammonium sulfate by-product recovery system.

NICKEL REDUCTION

The  nickel  solution  contains  few impurities  at  this  stage.
Reduction  of nickel in solution to nickel powder is effected  in
an autoclave.   The liquid effluent from the autoclave contains a
large  concentration  of  ammonium  sulfate and  is  sent  to  an
ammonium sulfate by-product recovery process.   The nickel powder
produced  in the reduction furnace is washed with water which  is
discharged to wastewater treatment.

PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES

Although  a variety of processes are involved in  primary  nickel
and  cobalt production,  the significant wastewater sources  that
are associated with the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory can
be subdivided as follows:

     1.  Raw material dust control,
     2.  Cobalt reduction decant,
     3.  Nickel reduction decant, and
     4.  Nickel wash water.

OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES

There may be other wastewater streams associated with the primary
nickel  and  cobalt  subcategory.   These  streams  may   include


                               3838

-------
      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III


stormwater runoff, maintenance and cleanup water, and  noncontact
cooling  and heating water (such as steam condensates  from  heat
exchangers). These wastewaters are not considered as part of this
rulemak-ing.  EPA believes that the flows and pollutant  loadings
associ-ated  with  these  wastewater  streams  are  insignificant
relative  to the waste streams selected and are best  handled  by
the  appropriate permit authority on a case-by-case  basis  under
authority of Section 402 of the Clean Water Act.

AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE

The  one primary nickel and cobalt plant in the United States  is
located  in  Southern  Louisiana in order to  take  advantage  of
shipping lanes.   This plant began operations in 1959,  and  came
under  its  present  ownership in  1973.   Nickel  production  is
between  40,000  and 50,000 tons/year;  and cobalt production  is
less than 1,000 tons/year.
                               3839

-------
  PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT  SUBCATEGORY    SECT  -  III
                To Atmosphere
          H2°
   Wet
  Dust
 Control
Cu-Ni-Co Ore
Concentrate
   Raw
 Material
Crushing
   and
Grinding
  Acid
Leaching
Nickel and Cobalt Recycled
From Copper Recovery System  —
        Solids  to Copper Recovery
                    Persulfate
                          Liquids to
                          Nickel and Cobalt
                          Recovery
                    Cobalt
                 Precipitation
                                   Solids
                             HE.
              Mixed Salt Crystals
                                                 Liquids
                      Cobalt
                   'urification
                       by
                    Pentamlne
                      Process
                                      Reduction
                                         in
                                      Autoclave
                                      Reduction
                                         in
                                      Autoclave
                                                              I
                                                        Nickel
                                                        Powder
                                                        Washing
                                    Nickel
                                    Product
                                    Cobalt
                                    Product
                                To
                             Ammonium
                             Sulfatc
                             Recovery
                             Process
                           Figure  II1-1

      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
                             3840

-------
       PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV



                           SECTION IV

                        SUBCATEGORIZ ATION


This   section  summarizes  the  factors  considered  during  the
designation of the related subdivisions of the primary nickel and
cobalt  subcategory.  Production normalizing parameters for  each
subdivision will also be discussed.

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT
SUBCATEGORY

The  factors listed in Vol. I for general subcategorization  were
each  evaluated  when  considering  subdivision  of  the  primary
nickel  and cobalt subcategory.  In the discussion that  follows,
the factors will be described as they pertain to this  particular
subcategory.

The  rationale for considering segmentation of the primary nickel
and  cobalt subcategory is based primarily on differences in  the
production  processes  and  raw  materials  used.    Within  this
subcategory,  a  number  of different operations  are  performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require the establishment of separate effluent limitations. While
primary  nickel and cobalt is considered a single subcategory,  a
thorough examination of the production processes has  illustrated
the need for limitations and standards based on a specific set of
waste  streams.   Limitations  will be  based  on  specific  flow
allowances for the following subdivisions:

     1.  Raw material dust control,
     2.  Cobalt reduction decant,
     3.  Nickel reduction decant, and
     4.  Nickel wash water.

These  subdivisions follow directly from differences between  the
processing  steps  of  primary  nickel  and  cobalt   production.
Leaching,   cobalt  precipitation  and  reduction,   and   nickel
reduction each have various steps which may generate wastewaters.

Raw  material crushing and grinding creates a need for the  first
subdivision - raw material dust control.  Although a dry baghouse
is  used to control dust and particulate matter generated by  the
mills  that crush and grind the raw material,  water is  used  to
slurry  the  solids  collected by the baghouse to  the  treatment
plant.

Washing  the  nickel powder produced in  the  hydrogen  reduction
furnace  creates a need for the fourth subdivision - nickel  wash
water.   This  water  is  used  to  remove  traces  of  acid  and
impurities  from the nickel product.   Excess solution  containing
significant concentrations of ammonium sulfate decanted from  the
nickel   reduction  autoclave  creates  a  need  for  the   third
                               3841

-------
       PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IV


subdivision - nickel reduction decant.  Excess solution from  the
cobalt  reduction  autoclave  creates  a  need  for  the   second
subdivision -cobalt reduction decant.

OTHER FACTORS

The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to  be
inappropriate  bases  for further  segmentation.   Air  pollution
control methods,  treatment costs,  and total energy requirements
are  functions  of the selected subcategorization  factors—metal
product,  raw materials, and production processes. Certain  other
factors,  such  as  plant  age, plant size,  and  the  number  of
employees, were also evaluated and determined to be inappropriate
for  use  as  bases  for subdivision  of  the  nonferrous  metals
category.

PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS

As discussed previously,  the effluent limitations and  standards
developed  in  this document establish mass  limitations  on  the
discharge  of  specific  pollutant parameters.   To  allow  these
regulations  to  be  applied to plants  with  various  production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit  of  production.   This factor is known  as  the  production
normalizing parameter (PNP).  The PNPs for the four  subdivisions
are as follows:

           Subdivision                         PNP

1.  Raw material dust control     copper, nickel, and cobalt in
                                  the crushed raw material

2.  Cobalt reduction decant       cobalt produced

3.  Nickel reduction decant       nickel produced

4.  Nickel wash water             nickel powder washed

Other  PNPs  were  considered.   The use of  production  capacity
instead  of actual production was eliminated  from  consideration
because  the  mass of pollutant generated is more a  function  of
true production than of installed capacity.

The  PNP selected for raw material dust control is metric tons of
copper, nickel, and cobalt in the crushed raw material.  This PNP
was  selected  because  the amount of  water  generated  by  this
process  is most directly related to the amount of  raw  material
crushed, and the composition of the crushed raw material. Because
this plant recovers copper as well as nickel and cobalt from  the
crushed  raw  material, the appropriate PNP to select  is  metric
tons of copper, nickel, and cobalt in the crushed raw material.
                               3842

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V



                            SECTION V

            WATER USE AND .WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS


This  section  describes the characteristics of  the  wastewaters
associated with the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory.  Water
use  and  discharge rates are explained and  then  summarized  in
tables at the end of this section.  Data used to characterize the
wastewaters are presented.,   Finally/  the specific source/ water
use and discharge flows/  and wastewater characteristics for each
separate wastewater source are discussed.

The  two  principal  data  sources used  in  the  development  of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory are  data
collection  portfolios  (dcp) and field sampling  results.   Data
collection  portfolios contain information  regarding  wastewater
flows and production levels.

In order to quantify the pollutant discharge from primary  nickel
and  cobalt  plants, a field sampling program was  conducted.   A
complete  list of the pollutants considered and a summary of  the
techniques used in sampling and laboratory analyses are  included
in Section V of Vol. I.  Samples were analyzed for 124 of the 126
priority  pollutants  and other  pollutants  deemed  appropriate.
Because  the  analytical standard for TCDD was judged to  be  too
hazardous  to  be made generally available,  samples  were  never
analyzed  for this pollutant.  Samples were also  never  analyzed
for asbestos.  There is no reason to expect that TCDD or asbestos
would  be present in nonferrous metals manufacturing  wastewater.
In  general,  the  samples were analyzed  for  three  classes  of
pollutants:   organic toxic pollutants, metal  toxic  pollutants,
and  criteria  pollutants (which includes both  conventional  and
nonconventional pollutants):.

No  additional sampling data for this subcategory  were  obtained
from  EPA sampling efforts or industry comments between  proposal
and promulgation.   Characterization of primary nickel and cobalt
subcategory  wastewaters (Section V),  and selection of pollutant
parameters  for  limitation (Section VI) is based upon  the  same
data used at proposal.

As described in Section IV of this supplement, the primary nickel
and cobalt subcategory has been divided into four subdivisions or
wastewater sources,   so that the promulgated regulation  contains
mass  discharge limitations and standards for four unit processes
discharging' process wastewater.   Differences in the  wastewater
characteristics  associated  with these subdivisions  are  to  be
expected.   For this reason, wastewater streams corresponding to
each subdivision are addressed separately in the discussions that
follow.   These wastewater sources are:

     1.   Raw material dust control,
     2.   Cobalt reduction decant.
                               3843

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


     3.  Nickel reduction decantf and
     4.  Nickel wash water.

WASTEWATER FLOW RATES

Data  supplied by dcp responses were evaluated,  and two flow-to-
production  ratios  were calculated for  each  stream.   The  two
ratios,   water   use   and  wastewater   discharge   flowf   are
differentiated by the flow value used in calculation.  Water  use
is  defined as the volume of water required for a  given  process
per  mass of nickel and cobalt product and is therefore based  on
the  sum  of  recycle  and make-up  flows  to  a  given  process.
Wastewater  flow  discharged after pretreatment  or  recycle  (if
these  are  present)  is  used  in  calculating  the   production
normalized flow—the volume of wastewater discharged from a given
process to further treatmentf disposal, or discharge per mass  of
nickel  and cobalt produced.  Differences between the  water  use
and  wastewater flows associated with a given stream result  from
recycle,  evaporation,  and  carry-over  on  the  product.    The
production   values  used  in  calculation  correspond   to   the
production  normalizing parameter, PNP, assigned to each  stream,
as  outlined  in Section IV.  As an example, nickel  powder  wash
water wastewater flow is related to nickel powder production.  As
such,  the discharge rate is expressed in liters of  nickel  wash
water discharged per metric ton of nickel powder washed.

The  production normalized flows were compiled and  statistically
analyzed  by stream type.   These production normalized water use
and  discharge flows are presented by subdivision in  Tables  V-l
through  V-4  (pages  3848 - 3,851) at the end  of  this  section.
Where  appropriate, an attempt was made to identify factors  that
could  account for variations in water use.  This information  is
summarized  in  this  section.  A  similar  analysis  of  factors
affecting  the wastewater flows is presented in Sections  IX   X,
XI, and XII where representative BPT, BAT, NSPS, and pretreatment
discharge flows are selected for use in calculating the  effluent
limitations and standards.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS DATA

Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
primary nickel and cobalt production come from two  sources—data
collection  portfolios  and analytical data from  field  sampling
trips.

DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS

In  the data collection portfolio,  the primary nickel and cobalt
plant  was  asked  to specify the presence or  absence  of  toxic
pollutants  in its wastewater.   The plant indicated  that  toxic
organic  pollutants were believed to be absent from the effluent.
The  plant stated that some of the priority metals were known  to
be  present  in  their effluent.   This  plant  listed  chromium,
copper, nickel,  and zinc as known to be present in the effluent.
                               3844

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


FIELD SAMPLING DATA

In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present  in
wastewater  from  primary nickel and  cobalt  plants,  wastewater
samples  were collected at the one plant.   A diagram  indicating
the sampling sites and contributing production processes is shown
in Figure V-l (page 3872).

The  sampling data for the primary nickel and cobalt  subcategory
are  presented in Tables V-5 and V-6 (pages 3852 and  3862).  The
stream  codes  displayed  in Tables V-5 and V-6 may  be  used  to
identify the location of each of the samples on the process  flow
diagram  in Figure V-l.  Where no data are listed for a  specific
day  of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream were  not
collected.

Several  points regarding these tables should be  noted.   First,
the  data tables include some samples measured at  concentrations
considered not quantifiable.   The base-neutral extractable, acid
extractable,  and volatile organics generally are considered  not
quantifiable  at concentrations equal to or less than 0.010 mg/1.
Below  this  concentration,  organic analytical results  are  not
quantitatively  accurate;  however,  the analyses are  useful  to
indicate  the presence of a particular pollutant.   The pesticide
fraction  is considered not quantifiable at concentrations  equal
to  or  less  than  0.005  mg/1.    Nonquantifiable  results  are
designated  in the tables with an asterisk (double  asterisk  for
pesticides).

Second,  the detection limits shown on the data tables for metals
and  conventional and nonconventional pollutants are not the same
in  all  cases  as  the  published  detection  limits  for  these
pollutants by the same analytical methods.  The detection  limits
used  were  reported with the analytical data and hence  are  the
appropriate  limits  to  apply  to  the  data.   Detection  limit
variation  can  occur  as a result of  a  number  of  laboratory-
specific,   equipment-specific,   and   daily   operator-specific
factors.   These  factors can include day-to-day  differences  in
machine calibration, variation in stock solutions, and  variation
in operators.

Third,  the  statistical  analysis of data includes some  samples
measured at concentrations considered not quantifiable.  For data
considered as detected but below quantifiable  concentrations,  a
value   of  zero  is  used  for  averaging.   Priority   organic,
nonconventional, and conventional pollutant data reported with  a
"less  than"  sign are considered as detected,  but  not  further
quantifiable.  A value of zero is also used for averaging.  If  a
pollutant is reported as not detected,  it is assigned a value  of
zero in calculating the average.  Finally, priority metal  values
reported  as  less than a certain value were  considered  as  not
quantifiable,  and consequently were assigned a value of zero  in
the calculation of the average.

Finally,  appropriate  source water concentrations are  presented


                               3845

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


with  the  summaries of the sampling data.   The method by  which
each sample was collected is indicated by number, as follows:

     1     one-time grab
     2     manual composite during intermittent process operation
     3     8-hour manual composite
     4     8-hour automatic composite
     5     24-hour manual composite
     6     24-hour automatic composite

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION

Since   primary  nickel  and  cobalt  production  involves   four
principal   sources  of  wastewater  and  each  has   potentially
different    characteristics    and   flows,    the    wastewater
characteristics   and  discharge  rates  corresponding  to   each
subdivision will be described separately.  A brief description of
why the associated production processes generate a wastewater and
explanations for variations of water use within each  subdivision
will also be discussed.

RAW MATERIAL DUST CONTROL

Primary nickel and cobalt raw material,  called matte, is crushed
and  ground prior to undergoing copper separation via a  leaching
process.   Dust  and  particulates generated by the crushing  and
grinding  operations may be controlled by a baghouse.   Water  is
used  to  slurry  the  collected material  in  the  baghouse  and
transport  it to treatment.  One plant reported  generating  this
waste  stream,  as shown in Table V-l (page  3848).   This  table
shows water use and discharge rates for this waste stream.

Sampling  data were collected on a combined process waste  stream
which  included  raw material dust control water.   The  sampling
data  are presented in Table V-5 (page 3852). The data  presented
show copper,  nickel, and ammonia above treatable concentrations.

COBALT REDUCTION DECANT

When cobalt is reduced in a hydrogen autoclave from a cobalt-rich
solution,  excess solution,  containing significant quantities of
ammonium sulfate,  is decanted.  Although the one plant currently
generating this waste stream does not discharge it by means of  a
by-product recovery operation,  it may be discharged at some time
in  the  future.   The  need to discharge this waste  stream  may
result  from  poor marketability of the by-product  or  excessive
cost  of operating the recovery plant.   Water use and  discharge
rates  for cobalt reduction decant are shown in Table  V-2  (page
3849).

No  samples  were  taken of this waste  stream;  however,  it  is
expected  to  have high concentrations of ammonia (as  NH4+)  and
sulfate  (as  804"),  along  v/ith  treatable  concentrations   of
priority metals, cobalt, and suspended solids.
                               3846

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


NICKEL REDUCTION DECANT

When nickel is reduced in a hydrogen autoclave from a nickel-rich
solution,  the excess solution, containing significant quantities
of  ammonium  sulfate,  is  decanted.   Although  the  one  plant
currently  generating this waste stream does not discharge it  by
means of a by-product recovery operation, it may be discharged at
some time in the future.  The need to discharge this waste stream
may result from poor marketability of the by-product or excessive
cost  of operating the recovery plant.  Water use  and  discharge
rates for this waste stream are shown in Table V-3 (page 3850).

No  samples  were  taken of this waste  stream;  however,  it  is
expected  to  have high concentrations of ammonia (as  NH4+)  and
sulfate  (as  804"),  along  with  treatable  concentrations   of
priority metals (principally nickel) and suspended solids.

NICKEL WASH WATER

After  reducing  primary  nickel raw material to a  powder  in  a
hydrogen  autoclave,  the nickel may be washed with water.   This
produces a waste stream.   One plant reported this waste  stream,
and  Table V-4 (page 3851) presents its water use  and  discharge
rates.

Sampling  data were collected on a combined process waste  stream
which  included  nickel  wash  water.   The  sampling  data   are
presented  in  Table  V-5 (page 3852).   The  data  show  copper,
nickel,  and  ammonia  above  treatable  concentrations;  several
priority organics were detected.
                               3847

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


                            TABLE V-l

                WATER USE AND DISCHAGRE RATES FOR

                    RAW MATERIAL DUST CONTROL

               (1/kkg of copper, nickel and cobalt
                  in the crushed raw materials)

                                 Production       Production
Plant    Percent Recycle         Normalized       Normalized
Code        or reuse           Water Use Flow   Discharge Flow

1062           0                     77               77
                               3848

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


                            TABLE V-2

                WATER USE AND DISCHAGRE RATES FOR

                     COBALT REDUCTION DECANT

                   (1/kkg of cobalt produced)
Plant    Percent Recycle
Code        or reuse

1062          100
  Production
  Normalized
Water Ose Flow

     21398
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Flow

       0
                               3849

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - V


                            TABLE V-3

                WATER USE AND DISCHAGRE RATES FOR

                     NICKEL REDUCTION DECANT

                   (1/kkg of nickel produced)
Plant    Percent Recycle
Code        or reuse

1062          100
  Production
  Normalized
Water Use Flow

     12695
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Flow

       0
                               3850

-------
        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SDBCATEGORY  SECT - V


                            TABLE V-4

                WATER USE AND DISCHAGRE RATES FOR

                        NICKEL WASH WATER

               (1/kkg of nickel powder washed)

                                 Production       Production
Plant    Percent Recycle         Normalized       Normalized
Code        or reuse           Water Use Flow   Discharge Flow

1062           0                    33.87            33.87
                               3851

-------
                                              Table V-5
                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                             COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                    RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
(JI
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

  1,   acenaphthene

  2,   acrolein

  3.   acrylonitrile

  4.   benzene

  5.   benzldine

  6.   carbon tetrachloride

  7.   chlorobenzene

  8.   1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

  9.   hexachlorobenzene

 10.   1,2-dlchloroethane

 11.   1,1,1-trichloroethane

 12.   hexachloroethane

 13.   1,1-dichloroethane
Stream
Code



367
367
367

367
367


367

367
367
367

367

367
367
367
Sample
Typet



6
1
1

1
6


1

1
6
6

1

1
6
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2



ND
ND
ND

*
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
H
3
Day 3 K|
2!
H
O
M
tr<
O
O
O
8
Hi
Cfi
c
Cd
O
Hi
w
Q
O
X
W
w
O
Hi
1
<



-------
UJ
CD
Ul
                                        Table V-5  (Continued)
                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                             COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                    RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
 14.  1,1,2-trichloroethane
 15.  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
 16.  chloroethane
 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether
 18.  bis(2-ehloroethyl)ether
 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
 20.  2-chloronaphthalene
 21.  2,4,6-triehlorophenol
 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol
 23.  chloroform
 24.  2-chlorophenoi
 25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene
 26.  1,3-dichiorobenzene
 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene
Stream
Code

367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
1
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mj»/l)
Source Day 1 Day 2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
hd
H
Day 3 |
25
H
O
P
O
n
§
g
en
W
o
H3
W
O
O
K
W
n
i




-------
                                         Table  V-5 (Continued)

                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                             COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                                                                                    H
                            Stream    Sample         Concent rat ions (rag / 1 ) _  3
Pollutant                    Code     Typet      Source     Day I     Day 2    Day 3
                                                                                                   IT)
                                                                                                   »
                                                                                                   H
                                                                                                   3
    Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                   g
    ,,.„„.„•,.,.—,„ ....... • ....... . ...... .— ..... —.11.11. III!. I! •,..-• ...... — ........ .-.•!.                                                                               I - 1
                                                                                                   o
     28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzldlne             367         6                  ND                      $
                                                                                                   r<
     29,  1,1-dlehloroethylene               367         1                  ND                      g
                                                                                                   o
     30.  t , 2-trans-dichloroethylene         367         1                  ND                      0
                                                                                                   o
»    31.  2,4-dichlorophenol                 367         6                  ND                      >
(J1                                                                                                  IT1
*^                                                                                                  H
     32.  1,2-dichloropropane                367         1                  ND                      m
                                                                                                   G
     33.  1,3-dlchloropropene                367         1                  ND                      o

     34.  2,4-dlmethylphenol                 367         6                  ND                      g
                                                                                                   o
     35.  2,4-dinltrotoluene                 367         6                  ND                      ^

     36.  2,6-dinltrotoluene                 367         6                  ND
                                                                                                   w
     37.  1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne              367         6                  ND                      3
                                                                                                   1^

     38.  ethylbenzene                       367         1                  ND                       '
                                                                                                   <
     39.  fluoranthene                       367         6                  ND

     40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether        367         6                  ND

-------
                                       Table V-5  (Continued)



                               PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY

                            COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT  TO  TREATMENT

                                   RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA


                                                                                                  T»
                                                                                                  !=d
                                          Stream     Sample         Concentrations (mg/1)	y

               Pollutant                    Code      Typet      Source    Day 1     Day 2    Day 3  >

                                                                                                  K
   Toxic  Pollutants  (Continued)                                                                   ^
                                                                                                  H

    41.   4-bromophenyl phenyl  ether        367         6                   ND                      ^
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  ,_,

    42.   bia(2-chlorolsopropyl)ether       367         6                   ND                      _


    43.   bla(2-choroethoxy)methane         367         6                   ND                      °
                                                                                                  o

m   44.   methylene chloride                367         1                   ND                      w


S                                                                                                 I
    45.   methyl  chloride  (chloromethane)   367         1                   ND                      ^
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  c
    46.   methyl  bromide  (bromoraethane)     367         1                   ND                      ro

                                                                                                  >
    47.   broraoforra (tribroraomethane)       367         1                   ND                      y
                                                                                                  Q

    48.   dichlorobromoraethane              367         1                   ND                      g
                                                                                                  *s

    49.   trlchlorofluororaethane            367         1                   ND


    50.   dlchlorodifluoromethane           367         1                   ND                      M
                                                                                                  o
                                                                                                  H
    51.   chlorodlbromomethane              367         1                   ND                       ,


    52.   hexachlorobutadlene               367         6                   ND                      <


    53.   hexachlorocyclopentadiene         367         6                   ND


    54.   Isophorone                        367         6                   ND

-------
                                    Table V-5 (Continued)
                            PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                         COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Ui
01
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
 55.  naphthalene
 56.  nitrobenzene
 57,  2-nitrophenol
 58.  4-nitrophenol
 59.  2,4-dinltrophenol
 60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
 61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine
 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine
 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylaraine
 64.  pentachlorophenol
 65.  phenol
 66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
 67.  butyl benzyl phthalate
 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate
Stream
Code



367

367

367
367


367

367

367

367

367
367
367


367
367
367
Sample
Typet



6

6

6
6


6

6

6

6

6
6
6


6
6
6
Concentrations (ra^/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3



ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND


.010
ND
ND

!S
H
3
fd

H
O
M
B
o
O
O
w
f
i-3
m
a
td
O
i-i
w
a
o

en
M
O
i-i
»
<


-------
                                         fable  V-5  (Continued)
                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                              COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
UJ
00
U1
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate

 70.  diethyl phthalate

 71.  dimethyl phthalate

 72.  benzo(a)anthracene

 73.  benzo(a)pyrene

 74.  benzo(b)fluoranthene

 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.  chrysene

 77.  acenaphthylene

 78.  anthracene

 79.  benzo(ghl)perylene

 80.  fluorene

 81.  phenanthrene

 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Stream
Code


367


367
367


367
367

367

367

367

367
367

367
367
367
367
Sample
Typet


6


6
6


6
6

6

6

6

6
6

6
6
6
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2


ND


ND
ND


ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
r^*
H
Day 3 5
K;
"Z
H
a
M
r*
>
a
o
o
td
s
w
a
CO
o
1-3
W
Q
O
Kj

m
M
o
i
<



-------
                                         Table V-5 (Continued)


                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY

                              COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant



     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)



      83.  indeno  (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene



      84.  pyrene


      85.  tetrachloroethylene



»     86.  toluene
Ul
00
      87.  trlchloroethylene


      88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)



      89.  aldrin



      90.  dieldrin


      91.  chlordane



      92.  4,4'-DDT



      93.  4,4'-DDE



      94.  4,4'-DDD



      95.  alpha-endoaulfan



      96.  beta-endosulfan
Stream
Code




367

367
367


367

367


367
367


367
367
367
367
367
367
367
Sample
Typet




6

6
1


1

1


1
6


6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2 D




ND

ND
ND


*

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
H
ay 3!g
K
53
H
O
w
f
§
a
o
o
w
t-3

cn
a
CB
O
w
a
o
K

W
n
i
<



-------
                                         Table V-5 (Continued)
                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                              COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
OJ
00
tn
           Pollutant

Tox i c PolIutant s (Continued)

 97.  endosulfan sulfate

 98,  endrin

 99.  endrin aldehyde

100,  heptachlor

101.  heptachlor epoxide

102.  alpha-BHC

103.  beta-BHC

104.  gamma-BHC

105.  deita-BHC

106.  PCB-1242 (b)

107.  PCB-1254 (b)

108.  PCB-1221 (b)

109.  PCB-1232 (c)
Stream
Code


367
367

367

367

367

367

367


367

367
367

367

367
367
Sample
Typet


6
6

6

6

6

6

6


6

6
6

6

6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2


ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
AJ
H
Day 3Jg
Kj
23
o
"

23
O
o
o
w
f
1-3
CO
c;
w
n
§
w
Q
O
50
K

in
w
o
1-3
i
<


-------
UJ
                                         Table V-5 (Continued)

                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                              COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


Toxic

1 10.

111.
112.


113.
114.

115.

117.

118.
119.
120.

122.
123.
124.
125.

Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)

PCB-1248 (c)

PCB-1260 (c)
PCB-1016 (c)


toxaphene
antimony

arsenic

beryllium

cadmium
chromium (total)
copper

lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
Stream
Code


367

367
367


367
367

367

367

367
367
367

367
367
367
367
Sample
Typet


6

6
6


6
6

6

6

6
6
6

6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2


ND

ND
ND


ND
0.019

<0.10

0.001

0.007
<0.05
1.43

<0.005
0.0002
40.0
0.18
us
SO
H
Day 3 j|
«
H
O
M
K
u
o
o
w
H3
w
a
CO
o
H3
w
o
1

w
w
o
f-i

<



-------
                                          Table  V-5 (Continued)
                                  PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                               COMBINED WASTEWATER - INFLUENT TO TREATMENT
                                      RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                 Pollutant
      Toxic Pollutants  (Continued)
      126.   silver
      127,  thallium
      128.   zinc
oo     Nonconventional Pollutants
      Ammonia Nitrogen
      Chemical Oxygen Demand
      Cobalt
      Phosphorus
      Conventional Pollutants
      pH (standard units)
Stream
Code


367
367

367



367

367
367

367

367
Sample
Typet


6
6

6



6

6
6

6

6
Concentrations (ing/i)
Source Day 1 Day 2


<0,001
<0.05

0.377



440

69.0
4.6

<0.2

7.6
§
Day 3»
M
n
w
2;
t>
n
0
td
tr"
tn
C
td
O
W
Q
0
3
en
w
O
      tSample Type Code:   1  - One-time grab
                          6  - 24-hour  automatic  composite
      (a),(b),(c)  Reported together
      *Less  than 0.01  rag/1.

-------
                                                Table V-6
                                  PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                         TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT
w
00
cr>
to
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants

  1.   acenaphthene


  2.   acrolein


  3.   acrylonitrlle


  4.   benzene


  5.   benzidine


  6.   carbon tetrachloride

  7.   chlorobenzene


  8.   1,2,4-trichlorobenzene


  9.   hexachlorobenzene

 10.   1,2-dichloroethane


 11.   1,1,1-trichloroethane


 12.   hexachloroethane

 13.   1»1-dichloroethane


 14.   1,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
Sample
Typet
6
1
1
1
6
1
1
6
6
1
1
6
t
1
Concentrations ^mg/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
M n,
11 L/
ND
$
Day SH
z
H
O
w
O
O
O
tt)
F
-3
W
§
O
3"
W
Q
O
K

m
o
i



-------
                                        Table V-6  (Continued)

                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND  COBALT  SUBCATEGORY
                                       TREATED PLANT  EFFLUENT
00
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

 20.  2-chloronaphthalene

 21.  2,4,6-triehlorophenol

 22.  p-chloro-ra-cresol

 23.  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol

 25.  1,2-diehlorobenzene

 26,  1 ,3-dichlorobenzene

 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene

 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine

 29.  1,1 -dichloroethylene

 30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene

 31,  2,4-dichlorophenol

 32.  1 ,2-dichloropropane
Stream
Code

364

364
364

364

364
364

364

364
364
364

364

364
364
364
Sample
Typet

1

6
6

6

1
6

6

6
6
6

1

1
6
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2 I

ND

ND
ND

ND

*
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

*

ND
ND
ND
M

'Z,
H
O
f
§
O
o
o
w
§
w
a
03
0
M
o
o
K
w
w
n
i




-------
                                         Table V-6 (Continued)
                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                        TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT
OJ
00
en
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
 33.  i,3-dichloropropene
 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol
 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine
 38.  ethylbenzene
 39.  fluoranthene
 40.  4~chlorophenyl phenyl ether
 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
 43.  bls(2-choroethoxy)methane
 44.  raethylene chloride
 45.  methyl chloride (chlororaethane)
 46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)
Stream
Code

364


364
364


364
364

364

364

364
364
364


364
364
364
364
Sample
Typet

1


6
6


6
6

1

6

6
6
6


6
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND


ND
*
ND
ND
Hd
H
Day 3 1
H
O
w
tr1

O
O
o
w
3
w
G
ro
o
w
Q
o
•a

Vt
w
o
t-i
1
<



-------
                                    Table V-6 (Continued)

                            PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                   TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT

                                                                                             ^
                                       Stream    Sample        Concentrations  (mg/l)	15
           Pollutant:                    Code     Typef     Source    Day 1     Day 2    Day  3§
                                                                                             »
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                 K
                                                                                             £,
                                                                                             H
 47.   bromoform (tribromoraethane)       364        1                  ND                     "
                                                                                             M
 48.   dlchlorobromomethane              364        1                  ND                     ^

 49.   trichlorofluoromethane            364        1                  ND                     a
                                                                                             o
 50.   diehlorodtfluoromethane           364        1                  ND                     g
                                                                                             >
 51.   chlorodlbroraoraethane              364        1                  ND                     H
                                                                                             to
 52.   hexachlorobutadlene               364        6                  ND                     g
                                                                                             n
 53.   heKachlorocyelopentadiene         364        6                  ND                     »-3
                                                                                             M
                                                                                             Q
 54.   Isophorone                        364        6                  ND                     g
                                                                                             Kj
 55.   naphthalene                       364        6                  ND

 56.   nitrobenzene                      364        6                0.025                    g}
                                                                                             n
 57.   2-nitrophenol                     364        6                  ND                     ^
                                                                                             i
 58.   4-nitrophenol                     364        6                  ND                     <

 59.   2,4-dinitrophenol                 364        6                  ND

 60.   4»6-dinitro-o-cresol              364        6                  ND

-------
                                        Table V-6  (Continued)

                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT  SUBCATEGORY
                                       TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT
Ul
00
en
           Pollutant

ToxicPollutants (Continued)

 61.  N-nltroaodiraethylamlne

 62.  N-nltroaodiphenylanine

 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

 64.  pentachlorophenol

 65,  phenol

 66.  bis(2~ethylhexyl) phthalate

 67.  butyl benzyl  phthalate

 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate

 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate

 70.  diethyl phthalate

 71.  dimethyl phthalate

 72.  benzo(a)anthracene

 73.  benzo(a)pyrene

 74.  benzo(b)fluoranthene
Stream
Code

364

364

364

364


364
364


364

364

364
364

364
364
364
364
Sample
Typet

6

6

6

6


6
6


6

6

6
6

6
6
c.
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2

ND

ND

ND

ND


ND
ND


*

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
K
Day 3 g
2
z
H
O
M
F
§
O
O
O
td
F
W
a
Cd
O
t-3
M
Q
O
"

W
M
O
I



-------
                                         Table V-6 (Continued)

                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                        TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT
u>
00
en
-4
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.  chryaene

 77.  acenaphthylene

 78.  anthracene

 79.  benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.  fluorene

 81.  phenanthrene

 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.  indeno (1,2,3~e,d)pyrene

 84.  pyrene

 85.  tetrachloroethylene

 86.  toluene

 87.  trichloroethylene

 88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
Stream
Code

364


364

364

364

364

364

364

364

364
364

364
364
364
364
Sample
Typet

6


6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6
6

1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
*
ND
ND
4T*
H
Day 3 gi
H
O
M
tr1

§
O
O
o
w
tr1
"-3
0)
a
o
w
a
o
K

w
w
a
,
<



-------
        Table V-6 (Continued)

PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGOR*
       TREATED PIANT EFFLUENT


Toxic

89.

90.
91.
S 92.
m
93.

94.

95.
96.

97.
98.

99.
100.
101.
102.

Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)

aldrin

dieldrin
chlordane
4, 4 '-DDT
4, 4 '-DDE

4,4'~DDD

alpha -endosul fan
beta-endosulfan

endosuifan sulfate
endrin

endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide
alpha -BHC
Stream
Code


364

364
364
364
364

364

364
364

364
364

364
364
364
364
Sample
Typet


6

6
6
6
6

6

6
6

6
6

6
6
6
6
Concentrations (rag/1) H
Source Day 1


**

**
**
**
**

**

**
**

**
**

**
**
**
**
Day 2 Day 3g
K
H
O
M
S
o
o
w
t*
m
d
to
o
M
»
K!

en
W
o
i
<



-------
                                         Table V-6 (Continued)
                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                        TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT
to
03
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
103.  beta-BHC
104.  garaina-BHC
105.  delta-BHC
106.  PCB-1242 (b)
107.  PCB-1254 (b)
108.  PCB-1221 (b)
109.  PCB-1232 (c)
110.  PCB-1248 (c)
111.  PCB-1260 (c)
112.  PCB-1016 (c)
113.  toxaphene
114«  antimony
115.  arsenic
117.  beryllium
Stream
Code

364
364
364

364
364

364

364


364
364
364


364

364
364
364
Sample
Typet

6
6
6

6
6

6

6


6
6
6


6

6
6
6
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2 1

**
**
**

**
**

**

**


**
**
**


**

<0. 1
<0. 1
0. 001 8
_ H
)ay 3 §
25
O
tr"
O
O
8
S
C/J
cs
da
o
HI
w
Q
o

w
w
o
H
1
<



-------
                                         Table V-6 (Continued)


                                 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                        TREATED PLANT EFFLUENT
u>
03
o

Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

118. cadmium


119. chromium (total)
120. copper

122. lead

123. mercury

124. nickel
125. selenium

126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc


Nonconventional Pollutants
Ammonia Nitrogen
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Stream
Code


364


364
364

364

364

364
364

364
364
364



364
364
Sample
Typet


6


6
6

6

6

6
6

6
6
6



6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Da


<0


<0
0

<0

0

5
0

<0
<0
0



500
56
y 1 Day 2


.001


.056
.225

.005

.0033

.60
.15

.001
.05
.067




.0
H
Day 3 |
£
H
O
M
tr<
§
O
o
0
to
f
t-3
c
W
O
M
Q
1

cn
w
o
(-3
I
*


-------
                                          Table V-6  (Continued)


                                  PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY

                                         TREATED PLANT  EFFLUENT




                                             Stream     Sample        Concentrations (mg/1)	 tj

                 Pollutant                    Code      Typet     SourceDay 1Day 2Day lg

                                                                                                   K
      Nonconyen t i ona1 Po1lut an t s (Continued)                                                       ^
                                                                                                   M

      Cobalt                                  364         6                    0.46                 *
                                                                                                   M
                                                                                                   ir1

      Phosphorus                              364         6                   <0.2                  >


      Conventional Pollutants
oo     pH (standard units)                      364         6                   12.7
                                                                                             o
                                                                                             o



                                                                                             1-3

                                                                                             w
                                                                                             c!
                                                                                             CM
                                                                                             O


                                                                                             w

                                                                                             o

                                                                                             Hi




                                                                                             CO
                                                                                             w

tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab                                                        Q

                    6 - 24-hour automatic composite                                          ,


(a),(b),(c) Reported together


 *Leas than 0.01 mg/1.


**Less than 0.005 mg/1.

-------
     Raw Material

     Dust Control

Nickel Wash Water

  Non-Scope Flows
 Combined

  Process

Wastewater
03
-j
to
                     Nickel Reduction Decant
                     Cobalt Reduction Decant
                                          Ammonium

                                           Sulfate

                                         By-Product

                                          Recovery
   Chemical

 Precipitation,

 Sedimentation,

and Filtration
                                                                                                Discharge
                                                                                                               H
                                                                                                               KJ
                                                                                                               H
                                                                                                               o
                                                                                                               ^
                                                                                                               t?d
                                                                                                               o
                                                                                                               §
                                                                                                               w
                                                                                                               g
                                                                                                               o
                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                               Q
                                                                                                               O
                                                                                                               w
                                                                                                               M
                                                                                                               O
                                                                                                                i

                                                                                                               <
                                                   Figure V-1


                           SAMPLING SITES  AT PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT PLANT  A

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI



                           SECTION VI

                     SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS


This section examines chemical analysis data presented in Section
V and discusses the selection or exclusion of priority pollutants
for potential limitation.  Also, conventional and nonconventional
pollutants  are  selected  or  excluded for  limitation  in  this
section.   The  basis  for  the regulation  of  toxic  and  other
pollutants,  along with a discussion of each  pollutant  selected
for  potential limitation, is discussed in Section VI of Vol.  I.
That  discussion  provides information about the  nature  of  the
pollutant  (i.e., whether it is a naturally occurring  substance,
processed  metal, or a manufactured compound);  general  physical
properties  and the form of the pollutant; toxic effects  of  the
pollutant  in  humans  and other animals;  and  behavior  of  the
pollutant  in POTW at the concentrations expected  in  industrial
discharges.

The  discussion  that  follows describes the  analysis  that  was
performed  to select or exclude priority pollutants  for  further
consideration  for  limitations  and standards.   The  data  from
wastewater  samples are considered in this analysis.  A  combined
wastewater  sample was taken of the influent to treatment,  which
includes the two currently discharged process wastewater streams,
and other non-scope streams. Priority pollutants will be selected
for  further consideration if they are present in  concentrations
treatable  by the technologies considered in this  analysis.   In
Sections  IX through XII, a final selection of the pollutants  to
be limited will be made, based on relative factors.

CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED

This  study examined samples one primary nickel and cobalt  plant
for  two conventional pollutant parameters (TSS and pH)   and  two
nonconventional pollutant parameters (ammonia and cobalt).

The  conventional  and  nonconventional pollutants  or  pollutant
parameters selected for limitation in this subcategory are:

       ammonia
       cobalt
       total suspended solids (TSS)
       PH

Ammonia  is  used extensively throughout the primary  nickel  and
cobalt  manufacturing  process.   Two of the  wastewater   streams,
nickel   and   cobalt  reduction  decants,  contain   very   high
concentrations of ammonia.  Ammonia  is selected for limitation in
this  subcategory because of its presence in high  concentrations
in the nickel and cobalt reduction decant streams.

Cobalt  was  observed  in the one raw wastewater sample   in   this


                               3873

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


subcategory at a concentration of 4.6 mg/1.   This  concentration
is  above  the concentration considered achievable  by  treatment
technology (0.034 mg/1),  and cobalt is expected to be present in
the raw wastewater as a result of raw materials used.   For these
reasons, cobalt is selected for regulation.

Although  total  suspended solids (TSS) was not analyzed  for  in
this subcategory, it is selected for regulation.  This is because
TSS is expected to be present in the raw wastewater samples above
treatable  concentration  (2.6 mg/1), and most  of  the  specific
methods  used  to remove toxic metals do so by  converting  these
metals   to   precipitates,  and   these   toxic-metal-containing
precipitates  should not be discharged.  Meeting a limitation  on
total  suspended  solids  helps  ensure  that  removal  of  these
precipitated toxic metals has been effective.

The pH value observed was 7.6.   Although this pH value is within
the 7.5 to 10.0 range considered desirable,  effective removal of
toxic  metals  by precipitation requires careful control  of  pH.
Also, the combined waste stream may not accurately reflect the pH
values  of  the  raw  waste streams  which  may  be  outside  the
desirable   range.   For  these  reasons,  pH  is  selected   for
limitation in this subcategory.

TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

The  frequency  of occurrence of the priority pollutants  in  the
wastewater  samples  considered in this analysis is presented  in
Table  VI-1  (page 3877). These data provide the  basis  for  the
categorization of specific pollutants, as discussed below.  Table
VI-1  is  based on the raw wastewater sampling data  from  stream
367.  Stream 364 was sampled after treatment and was not used  in
the frequency count.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

The priority pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 3881) were not
detected  in  any  wastewater  samples  from  this   subcategory.
Therefore,   they   are  not  selected   for   consideration   in
establishing effluent limitations     and standards.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION

The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any wastewater samples
from  this  subcategory;  therefore,  they are not  selected  for
consideration in establishing effluent limitations and standards.

       4.  benzene
      86.  toluene
     114.  antimony
     115.  arsenic
     117.  beryllium
     119.  chromium
                               3874

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


     122.  lead
     126.  silver
     127.  thallium

TOXIC POLLUTANTS PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
TREATMENT

The pollutants listed below are not selected for consideration in
establishing  limitations  and  standards because they  were  not
found  in  any  wastewater samples from  this  subcategory  above
concentrations  considered  achievable by existing  or  available
treatment   technologies.    These   pollutants   are   discussed
individually following the list.

           66.  bis  (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
          118.  cadmium
          123.  mercury
          125.  selenium

Bis  (2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  was detected  at  its  analytical
quantification  limit in the one sample analyzed.   The  observed
concentration   was  0.01  mg/1,  and  this  is  equal   to   the
concentration achievable by treatment.  Also, this compound is  a
plasticizer  commonly  used  in  laboratory  and  field  sampling
equipment,  and  is  not used or formed as a  by-product  in  this
subcategory. For these reasons, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  was
not selected for limitation.

Cadmium was detected above its analytical quantification limit in
the  one sample analyzed.   The observed concentration was  0.007
mg/1.   This  value  is below  the  concentration  achievable  by
treatment  (0.049 mg/1).  Therefore, cadmium is not selected  for
limitation.

Mercury was detected above its analytical quantification limit in
the  one sample analyzed.   The observed concentration was 0.0002
mg/1.   This  value  is below  the  concentration  achievable  by
treatment  (0.036 mg/1).  Therefore, mercury is not selected  for
limitation.

Selenium  was detected above its analytical quantification  limit
in the one sample analyzed.   The observed concentration was 0.18
mg/1.   This value is less than the treatable concentration (0.20
mg/1).   Therefore, selenium is not selected for limitation.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION Ui
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS

The  priority  pollutants listed below are selected  for  further
consideration  in establishing limitations and standards for this
subcategory.   The priority pollutants selected are each discussed
following the list.

     120.  copper
     124.  nickel
                               3875

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


     122.  zinc

Copper was detected above its treatable concentration (0.39 mg/1)
in the one sample analyzed.   The observed concentration was 1.43
mg/1.   Since copper was present in a concentration exceeding the
concentration achievable by identified treatment  technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.

Nickel was detected above its treatable concentration (0.22 mg/1)
in the one sample analyzed.   The observed concentration was 40.0
mg/1.   Since nickel was present in a concentration exceeding the
concentration  achievable by identified treatment technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.

Zinc  was detected above its treatable concentration (0.23  mg/1)
in the one sample analyzed.  The observed concentration was 0.377
rtig/1.   Since  zinc was present in a concentration exceeding  the
concentration achievable by identified treatment  technology,  it
is selected for consideration for limitation.
                               3876

-------
                           Table VI-1

FREQUENCY  OF OCCURRENCE OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
      PRIMARY  NICKEL AND  COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                        RAW WASTEWATER
              Pollutant

     1. acenaphthme
     2. acrolein
     3. acrylonltrile
     4. benzene
     S. benzldine
     6. carbon tetrachlorlde
     7. chlorobenzene
     8. 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene
     9. hexach lorobenzene
00  10. 1,2-dichloroethane
-j  11. 1,1,1-tr Ichloroethane
-J  12. hexach loroethane
    13. 1,1-dIchloroethane
    14, 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
    IS. 1,1,2,2-eetrachloroethane
    16. ch loroe thane
    17. bls(chloronethyl) ether
    18. bls(2-chloroethyl) ether
    19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
    20. 2-chloronaphthalene
    21. 2,4,6-trlchloraphenol
    22. parachloroneta creaol
    23. chlorofona
    24. 2-chlorophenol
    25. 1,2-dIchlorobenzene
    26. 1,3-d 1 chlorobenzene
    27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
    28. 3,3'-dlchLorobenztdine
    29. 1,1-dldiloroethylene
    30. 1,2-trans-dlchloroethy lene
    31. 2,4-3icKTorophenol
    32. 1,2-dlchloropropane
    33. 1,3-dIchloropropylene
    34. 2,4-dlmethylphenol
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
o.oto
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
o.ot
o.ot
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
o.ot
o.ot
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
o.ot
o.ot
o.ot
0.01
0.01
                              Number of
                               Streams
                              Analyzed
Nunber of
 Saoples
Analysed
NO
Detected Below
Quantification
Concentration
  Detected
Below Treat-
able Concen-
  tration
 Detected
Above Treat-
able Concen-
  tration
                                                                                                           H
                                                                                                           s
                                                                                                           S5
                                                                                                           H
                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                           Cd
                                                                                                           w
                                                                                                           G
                                                                                                           CO
                                                                                                           o
                                                                                                           s
                                                                                                           M
                                                                                                           Q
                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                           w
                                                                                                           o
                                                                                                            I

                                                                                                           <

-------
                                                   Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                                 FREQUENCY  OF OCCURRENCE OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                       PRIMARY  NICKEL AND  COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                                         RAW WASTEWATER
00
•J
00
          Pollutant

35. 2,4-dinltrotoluene
36. 2,6-dlnitrotoluenc
37. 1.2-dlphenylhydrazlne
38. ethylbenzene
39. fluoranthene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41 . 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42, bia(2-chlorol8opropyl) ether
43. bis(2-chlaroethoxy) nethane
44. nethylene chloride
45. methyl chloride
46. methyl bromide
47. broroofora
48. dich lor obroaoree thane
49. trlehlorofluoroaethane
50. dlchlorodifluoroaethane
SI. dilorodibroraonethane
52. hecachlorobutadiene
53. hexachloroeyelopentadlane
54. iaophorone
55. naphthalene
56. nitrobenzene
57. 2-nltrophenol
58. 4-flierophenol
59. 2,4-dinltrophenoi
60. 4,6-dlnltro-o-cresol
61. N-nttrosodlnethylaHiine
62. N-ritlrosodiphenylanilne
63. N-nltrosodl-n-propylaralne
64. pentachlorophenol
65. phenol
66. bls(2-ethylh«yl) phthalate
67. butyl benzyl phthalate
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
Analytical
Quantification
Concent ration
(BR/D
-------
U!
00
-J
           Pollutant

 b9. dl-n-octyl pttthalate
 70. dlethyl phthalate
 ?1. d UsethyI phthalate
 72. benzo(a)ai»thracaie
 73. benzo(a)pyrene
 74. 3,4-benzoftuoranthene
 75. benzo(K)fluoranthate
 76. ehrysene
 77.
 7tt. anthracene        (c)
 79.
 00. fluoretie
 81. phenaiithreiie      (c)
 82. dlbenza(a,h)anthracene
 83. indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
 84. pyretic
 85. totrachloroethylene
 86. toluene
 87. trlchloroettiylaie
 88. vinyl chloride
 89. aldrln
 90. dteldrln
 91. chlordane
 92. 4.4'-DUr
 93. 4,4'-DUE
 94. 4,4'-ODD
 95. alpha-endusulfan
 96. beta -endoaul fan
 97. endosulfan sulfate
 9U. endrtn
 99. endrln aldehyde
100. rieptachlor
101. heptachlor
102. alpha-mi:
10$.
                                                      Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                                     FREQUENCY  OF OCCURRENCE OF  PRIORITY  POLLUTANTS
                                          PRIMARY  NICKEL AND  COBALT  SUBCATEGORY
                                                            RAW WASTEWATER
Analytical
(fiantl flcat Ion
Concentration
(fflg/i)
-------
                                                     Table VI-1   (Continued)

                                     FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE  OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                          PRIMARY  NICKEL  AND COBALT  SUBCATEGORY
                                                           RAW WASTEWATER
                                                                                                                                         H
00
00
o
                 Pollutant
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
1)7.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.

gamma -BUG
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene
ant 1 irony
arsenic
asbestos
beryllium
caJmium
chromium
copper
cyanide
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
7.1 nc


(«1)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
















2 , 3 , 7 , 8 -tetrach lorodi benzo
p-dioxin
(TCOD)
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
0.005
0.005
0,005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
10 MFL
0,010
0.002
0,005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0,01
0.02
0.100
0.050
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
0,01
0.01
0.01
0,01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.47
0.34
10 HFL
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
Number of
 Streams
Analyzed
Number of
 Samples
Analyzed
NO
Detected Below
Quantification
Concentration
  Detected
Below Treat-
able Concen-
  tration
 Detected
Above Treat-
able Concen-
  tration
5
as
H
O
*
m
                                                                                                                                         o
                                                                                                                                         o
                                                                                                                                         o
                                                                                                                                         W
                                                                                                                                         a
                                                                                                                                         m
                                                                                                                                         o
                                                                                                                                         W
                                                                                                                                         O
                                                                                                                                         o
                                                                                                                                         W
                                                                                                                                         W
       (a)  Analytical quantification concentration was reported with the data (see Section V).

       (b)  Treatable concentrations for isetals are based on performance of line precipitation, sedimentation,  anJ filtration; for organica, treatable
           concentrations are based on performance of activated carbon.
                                                                                                                                         <
                                                                                                                                         H
       (c), (d),  (e)  Reported together.

-------
 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


                        TABLE VI-2

              TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 1.  acenaphthene
 2.  acrolein
 3.  acrylonitrile
 5.  benzidine
 6.  carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
 7.  chlorobenzene
 8.  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
 9.  hexachlorobenzene
10.  1,2-dichloroethane
11.  1,1,1-trichloroethane
12.  hexachloroethane
13.  1,1-dichloroethane
14.  1,1,2-trichloroethane
15.  1.1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
16.  chloroethane
17.  bis (chloromethyl) ether (deleted)
18.  bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)
20.  2-chloronaphthalene
21.  4,6-triehlorophenol
22.  parachlorometa cresol
23.  chloroform (trichloromethane)
24.  2-chlorophenol
25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene
26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene
27.  1,4—dichlorobenzene
28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
29,  1,1-dichloroethylene
30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
31.  2,4-dichlorophenol
32.  1,2-dichloropropane
33.  1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
34.  2,4-dimethylphenol
35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene
36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
37.  lf2-diphenylhydrazine
38.  ethylbenzene
39.  fluoranthene
40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl. ether
41.  4—bromophenyl phenyl ether
42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)  ether
43.  bis(2-choroethoxy) methane
44.  methylene chloride (dichloromethane)
45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47.  bromoform (tribromomethane)
48.  dichlorobromomethane
49.  trichlorofluororaethane (deleted)
                            3881

-------
 PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


                  TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

              TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

50.  dichlorodifluoromethane (deleted)
51.  chlorodibromomethane
52.  hexachlorobutadiene
53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54.  isophorone
55.  naphthalene
56.  nitrobenzene
57.  2-nitrophenol
58.  4-nitrophenol
59.  2,6-dinitrophenol
60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine
62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63.  N.nitrosodi-n-propylamine
64.  pentachlorophenol
65.  phenol
67.  butyl benzyl phthalate
68.  di-n-butyl phthalate
69.  di-n-octyl phthalate
70.  diethyl phthalate
71.  dimethyl phthalate
72.  benzo (a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthraeene)
73.  benzo (a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)
74.  3,4-benzofluoranthene
75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane (11r!2-benzofluoranthene)
76.  chrysene
77.  acenaphthylene
78.  anthracene
79.  benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)
80.  fluorene
81.  phenanthrene
82.  dibenzo (a,h)anthracene (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene)
83.  indeno (1,2,3-ed)pyrene (w,e,-o-phenylenepyrene)
84.  pyrene
85.  tetrachloroethylene
87.  trichloroethylene
88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
89.  aldrin
90.  dieldrin
91.  chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
92.  4,4'-DDT
93.  4,4 -DDE(p,p'DDX)
94.  4,4'-DDD(p.p'TDE)
95.  Alpha-endosulfan
96.  Beta-endosulfan
97.  endosulfan sulCate
98.  endrin
99.  endrin aldehyde
                            3882

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                    SECT - VI
  100.
  101.
  102.
  103.
  104.
  105,
  106.
  107.
  108.
  109.
  110.
  111.
  112.
  113.
  116.
  121.
  129.
                     TABLE VI-2  (Continued)

                 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide
Alpha-BHC
Beta-BHC
Gamma-BHC (lindane)
Delta-BHC
PCB-1242 (Arochlor
         (Arochlor
         (Arochlor
         (Arochlor
         (Arochlor
         (Arochlor
         {Arochlor
1242)
1254)
1221)
1232)
1248)
1260)
1016)
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016
toxaphene
asbestos (Fibrous)
cyanide*
2,3,7,8-tetra chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
*We  did  not  analyze  for  this pollutant  in  samples  of  raw
wastewater  from  this  subcategory.    This  pollutant  is   not
believed  to  be present based on the Agency's  best  engineering
judgment  which  includes  consideration  of  raw  materials  and
process operations.
                               3883

-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
           THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                           3884

-------
       PRIMARY NICKEL AND  COBALT  SUBCATEGORY    SECT  - VII




                           SECTION VII

               CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES


The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the  sources,
flows, and characteristics of the wastewaters  from primary  nickel
and  cobalt plants.  This section summarizes the  description  of
these  wastewaters and indicates  the treatment  technologies  which
are  currently  practiced  in  the  primary  nickel  and    cobalt
subcategory  for each wastewater stream.  Secondly, this  section
presents the control and  treatment technology  options which  were
examined  by the Agency for possible application to  the  primary
nickel and cobalt subcategory.

CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

This   section  presents  a summary of the control  and  treatment
technologies  that are currently applied to each of  the  sources
generating  wastewater  in  this subcategory.   As  discussed  in
Section  V,  wastewater  associated with the primary  nickel  and
cobalt subcategory is characterized by the presence of the  toxic
metal   pollutants  and  suspended  solids.    This  analysis   is
supported  by  raw (untreated) wastewater data  presented   for  a
combined waste stream in Section V.  Generally, these  pollutants
are   present  in  each  of  the  waste  streams   at   treatable
concentrations, and these waste streams are commonly combined for
treatment.  Construction of one wastewater treatment  system  for
combined  treatment allows plants to take advantage of  economies
of scale and, in some instances, to combine streams of  differing
alkalinity  to reduce treatment chemical requirements.   The  one
plant  in  this subcategory currently has a  combined  wastewater
treatment   system,   consisting   of   chemical   precipitation,
sedimentation,  and filtration.  Two options have  been  selected
for  consideration for BPT, BAT, NSPS,  and pretreatment  in  this
subcategory,   based  on combined treatment  of  these  compatible
waste streams.

RAW MATERIAL DUST CONTROL

Copper  matte is crushed and ground as  a preliminary step in  the
processing  of primary nickel and cobalt.  Dust and  particulates
generated by the crushing and grinding  operations are  controlled
with   a  dry  baghouse,  and  then  slurried  with   water   for
transportation  to treatment. One plant treats this waste  stream
as   a   combined   wastewater   with   chemical   precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration prior to  direct discharge.

COBALT REDUCTION DECANT

The  excess solution from the cobalt reduction autoclave  furnace
is discharged,  along with the nickel reduction decant,   to a by-
product recovery system.   In by-product recovery,   the  ammonium


                               3885

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      PRIMARY NICKEL, AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


sulfate  values are recovered in a fertilizer product.   There is
no wastewater treatment for this stream.

NICKEL, REDUCTION DECANT

The  excess solution from the nickel reduction autoclave  furnace
is  discharged to a by-product recovery  system.   In  by-product
recovery,  the  ammonium  sulfate  values  are  recovered  in   a
fertilizer  product.  There is no wastewater treatment  for  this
stream.

NICKEL WASH WATER

After reducing nickel to powder in a hydrogen furnace, the powder
is  washed with water.   The wastewater produced here is combined
with  other wastes and treated using  lime,  settle,  and  filter
technology described for the previous waste stream.   Nickel wash
water is discharged directly after treatment.

CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

The  Agency examined two control and treatment technology options
that   are   applicable  to   the  primary  nickel   and   cobalt
subcategory.   The  options selected for evaluation  represent  a
combination  of preliminary treatment technologies applicable  to
individual waste screams and end-of-pipe treatment  technologies.
The  effectiveness of these technologies is presented in  Section
VII of the General Development Document.

OPTION A

Option  A for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory  requires
control  and  treatment technologies to reduce the  discharge  of
wastewater pollutant mass.

The Option A treatment scheme consists of ammonia steam stripping
preliminary  treatment to reduce the concentration of ammonia  in
selected  streams,  and chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
technology.   Specifically,  lime or some other alkaline compound
is used to precipitate metal ions as metal hydroxides.  The metal
hydroxides  and  suspended  solids settle out and the  sludge  is
collected.  Vacuum filtration is used to dewater sludge.

OPTION C

Option  C for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory  consists
of  all control and treatment requirements of Option  A  (ammonia
steam stripping,  chemical precipitation, and sedimentation) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the Option A
treatment  scheme.   Multimedia  filtration  is  used  to  remove
suspended  solids,  including precipitates of metals,  beyond the
concentration  attainable by gravity sedimentation.   The  filter
suggested  is of the gravity,  mixed-media type,  although  other
forms of filters,  such as rapid sand filters or pressure filters
would  perform  satisfactorily.   The addition  of  filters  also


                               3886

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      PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SOBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


provides consistent removal during periods of time in which there
are  rapid  increases in flows or loadings of pollutants  to  the
treatment system.
                               3887

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PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  VII
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                         3888

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         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII



                          SECTION VIII

           COSTS/ ENERGY  AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS


This  section  presents  a summary of compliance  costs  for  the
primary  nickel  and cobalt subcategory and a description of  the
treatment  options and subcategory-specific assumptions  used  to
develop  these estimates.   Together with the estimated pollutant
reduction performance presented in Sections IX, X, XI, and XII of
this  supplement/  these  cost  estimates  provide  a  basis  for
evaluating each regulatory option.  These cost estimates are also
used in determining the probable economic impact of regulation on
the  subcategory  at different pollutant  discharge  levels.   In
addition/  this section addresses nonwater quality  environmental
impacts   of  wastewater  treatment  and  control   alternatives/
including  air pollution, solid wastes, and energy  requirements,
which are specific to the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory.

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES

As  discussed  in Section VII,  two treatment options  have  been
developed  for existing primary nickel and cobalt  sources.   The
treatment  schemes  for  each  option are  summarized  below  and
schematically  presented in Figures X-l and X-2 (pages  3916  and
3917).

OPTION A

Option   A  consists  of  ammonia  steam  stripping   preliminary
treatment,   where  required   and  chemical  precipitation   and
sedimentation end-of-pipe technology.

OPTION C

Option  C  consists of all control and treatment  technology  for
Option A (ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment, chemical
precipitation   and  sedimentation)  plus  multimedia  filtration
technology added at the end of the Option A treatment scheme.

COST METHODOLOGY

A  detailed  discussion  of the methodology used to  develop  the
compliance  costs  is presented in Section VIII  of  the  General
Development  Document.   Plant-by-plant compliance costs for  the
nonferrous  metals  manufacturing category have been  revised  as
necessary   following   proposal.   These   revisions   calculate
incremental costs/ above treatment already in place, necessary to
comply  with the promulgated effluent limitations  and  standards
and  are presented in the administrative record  supporting  this
regulation.  A comparison of the costs developed for proposal and
the revised costs for the final regulation are presented in Table
VIII-1 (page 3893) for the direct discharger.
                               3889

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         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII


Each  of the general assumptions used to develop compliance costs
is presented in Section VIII of the General Development Document.
Each subcategory contains a unique set of waste streams requiring
certain  subcategory-specific assumptions to  develop  compliance
costs.   The major assumptions relevant to cost estimates for the
primary  nickel  and  cobalt subcategory  are  discussed  briefly
below.

   (1)    Caustic  is used instead of lime in chemical precipita-
          tion for this plant,  because the one direct discharger
          in the subcategory currently uses caustic.

   (2)    Raw  material  dust control  wastewater is  assumed  to
          have  a  pH  = 5 because of  sulfides  present,  and  a
          concentration of TSS = 12 mg/1.   Nickel wash water  is
          also  assumed  to  have pH = 5 and a  concentration  of
          TSS = 12 mg/1.

   (3)    Sampling data indicate that the raw material dust  con-
          trol  and  nickel wash waste streams contain  treatable
          concentrations  of ammonia.   However,  examination  of
          the  processes involved and correspondence  with  plant
          personnel  indicate that the reported ammonia level  is
          not  due  to  the presence of ammonia  in  the  process
          streams.   Rather,  ammonia enters the treatment system
          influent  (sample  number  367) through spills  in  the
          process  areas.    Consequently,   these  two   process
          streams do not require ammonia steam stripping.

Revised  direct  discharge  compliance cost  estimates  for  this
subcategory reflect a correction in the treatment-in-place credit
assumptions  made  at proposal.  Plant  1062  presently  operates
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration, and treats
a   combined   wastewater   consisting   of   nonferrous   metals
manufacturing   wastewater   and   plant   stormwater.    Because
stormwater is the major component of the wastewater, and  because
it is not in the scope of this regulation, compliance costing  at
proposal  estimated the cost to segregate process wastewater  and
treat  it  in a separate treatment system.   However,  treatment-
inplace credit for lime and settle was incorrectly attributed  to
the  plant; therefore, proposal costs did not accurately  reflect
the  cost  to  the  direct discharger  for  compliance  with  the
proposed  and  promulgated  rulemaking.  EPA  believes  that  the
existing  filter  can continue to be used if a  holding  tank  is
installed  after lime and settle treatment of raw  material  dust
slurry  water and nickel wash water.  The costs for this  holding
tank are included in EPA's compliance cost estimate.  The revised
compliance cost estimates prepared for promulgation are presented
in Table VIII-1.

NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Nonwater  quality  impacts  specific to the  primary  nickel  and
cobalt  subcategory,  including energy requirements,  solid waste
and air pollution, are discussed below.


                               3890

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         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The methodology used for determining the energy requirements  for
the  various options is discussed in Section VIII of the  General
Development  Document.   Energy requirements for the two  options
considered  are estimated at 20,600 kwh/yr and 28,570 kwh/yr  for
Options  A  and  C,  respectively.   Option  C,  which   includes
filtration,  increases  energy  consumption  over  Option  A   by
approximately  39  percent.    Option C represents  less  than  1
percent  of  a typical plant's electrical energy  usage.   It  is
therefore concluded that the energy requirements of the treatment
options considered will have no significant impact on total plant
energy consumption.

SOLID  WASTE

Sludge generated in the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory  is
due to the precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using
lime  or  various other chemicals.   Sludges associated with  the
primary  nickel and cobalt subcategory will  necessarily  contain
quantities  of  toxic metal pollutants.   These sludges  are  not
subject  to regulation as hazardous wastes since wastes generated
by  primary  smelters  and refiners  are  currently  exempt  from
regulation by Act of Congress (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA),  Section 3001(b)), as interpreted by EPA.  If a small
excess  of  lime is added during treatment/  the Agency does  not
believe these sludges would be identified as hazardous under RCRA
in  any case.   (Compliance costs include this amount  of  lime.)
This  judgment  is based on the results of  Extraction  Procedure
(EP)  toxicity  tests performed on similar sludges (toxic  metal-
bearing  sludges) generated by other categories such as the  iron
and  steel  industry.  A small amount of excess  lime  was  added
during  treatment, and the sludges subsequently generated  passed
the  toxicity test.  See CFR 8261.24.  Thus, the Agency  believes
that the wastewater sludges will similarly not be EP toxic if the
recommended technology is applied.

Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result  of  these  guidelines are not expected to  be  hazardous,
generators  of these wastes must test the waste to  determine  if
the wastes meet any of the characteristics of hazardous waste.

If  these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they  will  come  within the scope of RCRA's  "cradle  to  grave"
hazardous waste management program,  requiring  regulation,  from
the  point  of generation to point of final  disposition.   EPA's
gener-ator  standards  would  require  generators  of   hazardous
nonferrous  metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,
labeling,  recordkeeping,  and reporting requirements;  if plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site,  they would have to prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from  the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment,  storage,
or  disposal facility.   See 40 CFR 262.20,  45 FR 33142 (May 19,
1980),  as  amended  at 45 FR 86973  (December  31,  1980).   The


                               3891

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         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII


transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous  wastes
to  comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered  to a permitted facility.   See 40 CFR  263.20,  45  FR
33151  (May 19,  1980),  as amended at 45 PR 86973 (December  31,
1980).    Finally,   RCRA  regulations  establish  standards  for
hazardous  waste  treat-ment, storage,  and  disposal  facilities
allowed to receive such wastes.  See 40 CFR Part 464, 46 FR  2802
(January 12, 1981), and 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982).

Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous,  they still
must  be  disposed  of in compliance with  the  Subtitle  D  open
dumping  standards, implementing 4004 of RCRA.  See 44  FR  53438
(September  13, 1979).  The Agency has calculated as part of  the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and  disposing
of these wastes.

Sludge  generation for the primary nickel and cobalt  subcategory
is estimated at 10.41 metric tons per year when implementing  the
promulgated  BPT technology.  Sludge generation  for  promulgated
BAT is not expected to be significantly different.

AIR POLLUTION

There is no reason to believe that any substantial air  pollution
problems  will  result  from  implementation  of  ammonia   steam
stripping, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and  multimedia
filtration.   Ammonia steam stripping yields an  aqueous  ammonia
stream.   The  other technologies transfer  pollutants  to  solid
waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.
                               3892

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                                           Table VIII-1
                 COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY

                                        DIRECT DISCHARGERS


                                       (March, 1982 Dollars)
                              Proposal Costs
      Option


        A


        C
Capital Cost


   31,075


   31,075
u>

03
ID
Annual Cost


   20,053


   27,844
                                              Promulgation Costs
Capital Coat


   71,400


   86,500
Annual Cost


   27,200


   31,800
                                                                                                 H
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PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT  - VIII
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                      3894

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    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX



                           SECTION IX

     BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE


This  section  defines the  effluent  characteristics  attainable
through  the  application of best practicable control  technology
currently available (BPT).  BPT reflects the existing performance
by  plants of various sizes,  ages,  and manufacturing  processes
within the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory,  as well as the
established   performance   of  the  recommended   BPT   systems.
Particular  consideration  is given to the treatment  already  in
place at plants within the data base.

The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total  cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent  reduction
benefits  from  such  application,  the  age  of  equipment   and
facilities  involved, the manufacturing processes used,  nonwater
quality  environmental impacts (including  energy  requirements),
and  other factors the Administrator considers  appropriate.   In
general,  the  BPT level represents the average of  the  existing
performances  of  plants of various ages,  sizes,  processes,  or
other  common  characteristics.  Where  existing  performance  is
uniformly  inadequate,  BPT may be transferred from  a  different
subcategory  or  category.'  Limitations  based  on  transfer   of
technology  are  supported  by a rationale  concluding  that  the
technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable  prediction
that  it  will be capable of achieving  the  prescribed  effluent
limits  BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather than  process
changes  or  internal controls, except where such  practices  are
common industry practice.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT

The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes  used,  the wastewaters generated,  and  the  treatment
processes installed.   Information was collected from the category
using  data  collection  portfolios,  and  specific  plants  were
sampled  and  the  wastewaters  analyzed.   In  making  technical
assessments  of  data,  reviewing  manufacturing  processes,  and
assessing wastewater  treatment technology options,  both  indirect
and  direct dischargers have been considered as a  single  group.
An  examination  of  plants and processes did  not   indicate  any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct  or  indirect.   As explained in Section  IV,  the  primary
nickel  and  cobalt subcategory  has been  subdivided  into  four
potential  wastewater  sources. Since the  water  use,  discharge
rates,   and   pollutant  characteristics   of  each   of   these
wastewaters  is potentially unique, effluent limitations will  be
developed for each of the four subdivisions.

For  each of the subdivisions, a specific approach   was  followed
for   the  development  of  BPT  mass  limitations.   The   first
requirement  to  calculate these limitations is  to  account  for


                               3895

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    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


production and flow variability from plant to plant.   Therefore,
a  unit of production or production normalizing  parameter  (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be  related
to the flow from  the process to determine a production normalized
flow. Selection of the PNP for each process element is  discussed
in  Section  IV.  Each process within the  subcategory  was  then
analyzed  to  determine  which  subdivisions  were  present,  the
specific  flow  rates  generated for each  subdivision,  and  the
specific production normalized flows for each subdivision.   This
analysis  is  discussed  in  detail  in  Section  V.   Nonprocess
wastewaters such  as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling  water
are not considered in the analysis.

Production  normalized  flows  for  each  subdivision  were  then
analyzed  to determine the flow to be used as part of  the  basis
for BPT mass limitations.  The selected flow (sometimes  referred
to  as a BPT regulatory flow or BPT discharge flow) reflects  the
water  use  controls  which  are  common  practices  within   the
category.  The BPT regulatory flow is based on the average of all
applicable data.  Plants with normalized flows above the  average
may  have to implement some method of flow reduction  to  achieve
the BPT limitations.

The  second requirement to calculate mass limitations is the  set
of  concentrations that are achievable by application of the  BPT
level of treatment technology.  Section VII discusses the various
control  and treatment technologies which are currently in  place
for each wastewater source.   In most cases,  the current control
and  treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation, and
sedimentation  (lime and settle technology) and a combination  of
reuse  and recycle to reduce flow.   Ammonia steam  stripping  is
applied to streams with treatable concentrations of ammonia.

Using  these regulatory flows and the achievable  concentrations,
the  next step is to calculate mass loadings for each  wastewater
source or subdivision.  This calculation was made on a  stream-by
stream  basis, primarily because plants in this  subcategory  may
perform  one or more of the operations in  various  combinations.
The  mass  loadings  (milligrams of  pollutant  per  kilogram  of
production  - mg/kg) are based on multiplying the BPT  regulatory
flow (1/kkg) by the concentration achievable by the BPT level  of
treatment  technology (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter  to  be
limited  under  BPT.  These mass loadings are  published  in  the
Federal Register and in CFR Part 421 as the effluent limitations.

The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
be  the  sum  of the individual mass  loadings  for  the  various
wastewater   sources  which  are  found  at  particular   plants.
Accordingly.  all the wastewater generated within a plant may  be
combined  for treatment in a single or common  treatment  system,
but  the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters  are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to  the combined flow.  This method accounts for the  variety  of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at primary nickel and cobalt plants-.


                               3896

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    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass  rather than concentration.   This approach prevents the use
of  dilution as a treatment method (except for  controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized  wastewater flow  (1/kkg)  is  a  link
between  the production operations and the effluent  limitations.
The  pollutant  discharge attributable to each operation  can  be
calculated  from  the normalized flow and effluent  concentration
achievable  by the treatment technology and summed to  derive  an
appropriate limitation for each plant.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

In  balancing  costs in relation to pollutant removal  estimates.
EPA considers the volume and nature of existing  discharges,  the
volume  and  nature of discharges expected after  application  of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost  and  economic  impacts of the  required  pollution  control
level.  The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality  problems  attributable  to particular point  sources  or
industries,  or  water quality improvements in  particular  water
quality  bodies.  Accordingly, water quality considerations  were
not the basis for selecting the proposed or promulgated BPT.

The  methodology for calculating pollutant removal estimates  and
plant  compliance  costs is discussed in Section  X.   Table  X-l
(page  3911)  shows  the pollutant  removal  estimates  for  each
treatment  option.  Compliance costs are presented in  Table  X-2
(page 3912).

BPT OPTION SELECTION

The  technology  basis  for  the  proposed  and  promulgated  BPT
limitations is Option A, chemical precipitation and sedimentation
technology to remove metals and solids from combined  wastewaters
and to control pH, and ammonia steam stripping to remove ammonia.

Chemical  precipitation and sedimentation technology  is  already
in-place   in  the  subcategory.   The  pollutants   specifically
promulgated  for  regulation at BPT are copper,   nickel,  cobalt,
ammonia, TSS, and pH.

Ammonia steam stripping is demonstrated at six facilities in  the
nonferrous  metals manufacturing category.   These facilities are
treating   ammonia-bearing   wastewaters  associated   with   the
production  of primary tungsten, primary columbium and  tantalum,
primary  molybdenum,  secondary tungsten and cobalt,  and  primary
zirconium  and hafnium.   EPA believes that performance data  from
the iron and steel manufacturing category provide a valid measure
of   this   technology's   performance   on   nonferrous   metals
manufacturing   category   wastewater  because   raw   wastewater
concentrations  of ammonia are of the same order of magnitude  in
the respective raw wastewater matrices.

Chemical  analysis  data were collected of raw  waste  (treatment


                               3897

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    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


influent)  and  treated waste (treatment effluent) from one  coke
plant of the iron and steel manufacturing category.  A contractor
for  EPA,  using EPA sampling and  chemical  analysis  protocols,
collected  six paired samples in a two-month period.  These  data
are  the data base for determining the effectiveness  of  ammonia
steam  stripping  technology and are contained  with  the  public
record supporting this document.  Ammonia treatment at this  coke
plant  consisted  of two steam stripping columns in  series  with
steam injected countercurrently to the flow of the wastewater.  A
lime  reactor  for  pH adjustment  separated  the  two  stripping
columns.

The  raw  untreated  wastewater samples from  the  coke  facility
contained ammonia concentrations of 599, 226, 819, 502, 984,  and
797  mg/1.   Raw untreated wastewater samples  from  the  primary
nickel and cobalt subcategory should have ammonia  concentrations
on a similar order of magnitude.

The   Agency  has  verified  the  promulgated   steam   stripping
performance  values  using steam stripping data  collected  at  a
primary zirconium and hafnium plant which has raw ammonia  levels
as  high as any in the nonferrous metals manufacturing  category.
Data  collected by the plant represent almost two years of  daily
operations,  and  support the long-term mean  used  to  establish
treatment effectiveness.

In  addition,  data  submitted  by a  primary  columbium-tantalum
plant,  which also has significant raw ammonia  levels,  verifies
the promulgated steam stripping performance values.

Implementation  of  the promulgated BPT limitations  will  remove
annually  an  estimated  241  kg of  toxic  metals.   The  Agency
projects  capital and annual costs of $71,400 and  $27,200  (1982
dollars),  respectively  for the discharging facility to  achieve
the promulgated BPT regulations.  The BPT treatment configuration
is presented in Figure IX-1 (page 3904).

More stringent technology options were not selected for BPT since
they  require in-process changes or end-of-pipe technologies less
widely practiced in the subcategory,  and,  therefore,  are  more
appropriately considered under BAT.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A  BPT discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the  average of the flows of the existing plants,  as  determined
from  analysis  of  dcp.   The discharge rate is  used  with  the
achievable  treatment  concentrations to determine  BPT  effluent
limitations.   Since the discharge rate may be different for each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for  each of the four wastewater sources are discussed below  and
summarized  in  Table IX-1 (page 3901). The discharge  rates  are
normalized  on  a  production basis by  relating  the  amount  of
wastewater  generated  to the mass of  the  intermediate  product
which is produced by the process associated with the waste stream


                               3898

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    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


in  question.  These production normalizing parameters, or  PNPs,
are also listed in Table IX-1.

Section  V of this document further describes the discharge  flow
rates  and  presents the water use and discharge flow  rates  for
each subdivision by plant in Tables V-l through V-4.

RAW MATERIAL DUST CONTROL

The   BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  used  at   proposal   and
promulgation for raw material dust control is 77 liters/kkg (18.5
gal/ton)  of  copper,  nickel,  and cobalt  in  the  crushed  raw
material.   This  rate is allocated only for those  plants  which
produce  nickel and cobalt from an ore concentrate  raw  material
and  transport  dust  from the baghouse  over  the  crushing  and
grinding  operations with a water slurry system.  Water  use  and
wastewater  discharge  rates  are presented in  Table  V-l  (page
3848).   The  BPT  flow  is based on  the  reported  rate  of  77
liters/kkg).

COBALT REDUCTION DECANT

The   BPT  wastewater  discharge  rate  used  at   proposal   and
promulgation  for  cobalt reduction decant is  21,398  liters/kkg
(5.128 gal/ton) of cobalt produced.  The BPT flow is based on the
water use rate reported, as shown in Table V-2 (page 3849).  This
rate is allocated only for those plants which reduce cobalt  from
solution in a hydrogen autoclave, and decant excess solution.

NICKEL REDUCTION DECANT

The  proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge  rate  for
nickel  reduction decant is 12,695 liters/kkg (3,042 gal/ton)   of
nickel  produced.    The  BPT flow is based on the water use  rate
reported  by the only plant with this process  waste  stream,   as
shown in Table V-3 (page 3850).  This rate is allocated only  for
those  plants   which reduce nickel from solution in  a  hydrogen
autoclave, and  decant excess solution.

NICKEL WASH WATER

The  proposed and promulgated BPT wastewater discharge  rate  for
nickel  wash  water is 33.87 liters/kkg (8.12 gal/ton) of  nickel
powder  washed.   This rate is allocated only  for  those  plants
which  produce  nickel  from  primary  sources  via  a   hydrogen
reduction autoclave,  and then wash the product with water.  Water
use  and  wastewater  discharge rates are presented in  Table  V-4
(page 3851).   The BPT flow is based on the reported rate of 33.87
liters/kkg.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as   a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.   This  examination   and


                               3899

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


evaluation  was  presented  in  Section  VI.   A  total  of   six
pollutants  or pollutant parameters were selected for  limitation
under the promulgated BPT and are listed below:

     120.  copper
     124.  nickel
           ammonia (as N)
           cobalt
           total suspended solids (TSS)
           PH

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The pollutant concentrations achievable by application of the BPT
technology are discussed in Section VII of this supplement. These
achievable  concentrations  (both  one day  maximum  and  monthly
average  values) are multiplied by the BPT  normalized  discharge
flows  summarized  in  Table  IX-1  to  calculate  the  mass   of
pollutants  allowed  to be discharged per mass of  product.   The
results  of  these calculations in milligrams  of  pollutant  per
kilogram  of product represent the BPT effluent  limitations  and
are presented in Table IX-2 (page 3902) for each individual waste
stream.
                               3900

-------
                                             Table IX-1
                               BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES  FOR  THE
                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
CO
VD
O
I-1
  Waatewater Stream
1.  Raw Material Dust
    Control
2.  Cobalt Reduction
    Decant
3.  Nickel Reduction
    Decant
4.  Nickel Wash Water
                                      BPT Normalized
                                      DischargeRate
                                   I/kkg
                                      77
                                  21,398
                                  12,695
                                      33.87
gal/ton
   18.5
5,128
3.042
    8.12
          Production
    Normalizing Parameter
Copper, nickel, and cobalt  in
the crushed raw material
Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
KJ
as
H
W
8
                                                 tr»
                                                                                                  e/5
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  tM
                                                                                                  O
                                                                                                  Q
                                                                                                  O
                                                                                                  W
                                                                                                  O

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                     SECT - IX
                           TABLE IX-2

           BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
                     AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY

(a) Raw Material Dust Control  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
          nig/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and
               cobalt in the crushed raw material
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Amraonia
* Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
0.146
0.148
0.112
10.260
0.016
3.157
Within the range of 7.5
0.077
0.098
0.047
4.512
0.007
1,502
to 10.0 at all times
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
*Regulated





Within
Pollutant
40
41
31
2,852
4
877
the range

.660
.080
.240
.000
.494
.300
of 7.5

21
27
13
1,254
1
417
.400
.180
.050
.000
.926
.300
to 10.0 at all times


                               3902

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)
           BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
                     AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(c) Nickel Reduction Decant  BPT

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel produced
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Anunonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
24.120
24.370
18.530
1,692.000
2.666
520.500
Within the range of 7.5
12.700
16.120
7.744
743.900
1.143
247.600
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Nickel Wash Water  BPT
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed

*Copper                       0.064               0.034
*Nickel                       0.065               0.043
 Zinc                         0.050               0.021
*Ammonia                      4.515               1.985
*Cobalt                       0.00?               0.003
*TSS                          1.389               0.660
*pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


*Regulated Pollutant
                               3903

-------
to
i£>
O
           Hickel leJuctlon Peoot
           Cobalt Reduction Decant
           •aw Material Duac Control
           Hickel Uaah Water
                                                     lecu»ery
                                               Aaaonl*

                                                Stt««
                                               Stripping
                                                           St.
                                                                          Chculcil Addition
Equalization

 «*4
I : it
                      I
          Chenicai
        Precipitation

         ofo
                                                                            Sludge Recycle
                                                                            Vacuuai nitrate
                                                                                                 Sedimentation
                                                Sludge
                                                     Discharge
                                                              Figure  IX-t


                       BPT  TREATMENT  SCHEME  FOR  THE PRIMARY  NICKEL  AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                                                                                                                           H
                                                                                    H
                                                                                    O
                                                                                    X
                                                                                    w
                                                                                    O
                                                                                    O
                                                                                    w
                                                                                                                                           W
                                                                                                                                           c
                                                                                                                                           W
                                                                                                                                           O

                                                                                                                                           s
                                                                                                                                           ta
                                                                                                                                           W
                                                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                                                           1


                                                                                                                                          H

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X



                            SECTION X

        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE


These  effluent  limitations are based on the  best  control  and
treatment  technology used by a specific point source within  the
industrial  category or subcategory, or by another industry  from
which  it  is  transferable. Emphasis  is  placed  on  additional
treatment techniques applied at the end of the treatment  systems
currently used, as well as reduction of the amount of water  used
and   discharged,  process  control,  and  treatment   technology
optimization.

The  factors  considered in assessing best  available  technology
economically  achievable (BAT) include the age of  equipment  and
facilities involved,  the process used  process changes, nonwater
quality  environmental impacts (including  energy  requirements).
and the costs of application of such technology.   BAT represents
the  best available technology economically achievable at  plants
of  various ages,  sizes,  processes,  or other  characteristics.
Where  the  Agency  has  found the  existing  performance  to  be
uniformly  inadequate,  BAT  may be transferred from a  different
subcategory  or  category.   BAT  may  include  feasible  process
changes  or internal controls,  even when not in common  industry
practice.

The  required  assessment of BAT considers costs,  but  does  not
require a balancing of costs against pollutant removals  However,
in  assessing  the proposed and promulgated BAT  the  Agency  has
given  substantial  weight to the economic achievability  of  the
technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT

The  Agency  reviewed  a wide range  of  technology  options  and
evaluated  the  available possibilities to ensure that  the  most
effective  and beneficial technologies were used as the basis  of
BAT.   To  accomplish  this,  the Agency elected to  examine  two
technology  options which could be applied to the primary  nickel
and  cobalt  subcategory  as alternatives for the  basis  of  BAT
effluent limitations.

For  the development of BAT effluent limitations,  mass  loadings
were  calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory  using  the same technical approach as  described  in
Section IX for BPT limitations development.    The differences  in
the  mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased treatment
effectiveness   achievable  with  the  more   sophisticated   BAT
treatment technology.

The  treatment  technologies considered for  BAT  are  summarized
below:
                               3905

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


Option A (Figure X-l, page 3916) is based on:

     o  Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment (where
        required)

     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

Option C (Figure X-2, page 3917) is based on:

     o  Ammonia steam stripping preliminary treatment (where
        r equ i r ed)

     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

     o  Multimedia filtration

The  first  option considered (Option A) is the same as  the  BPT
treatment  and  control  technology which was  presented  in  the
previous  section.   The  second  option  represents  substantial
progress  toward the reduction of pollutant discharges above  and
beyond the progress achievable by BPT.

OPTION A

Option  A  for  the  primary nickel  and  cobalt  subcategory  is
equivalent  to the control and treatment technologies which  were
analyzed  for BPT in Section IX (see Figures IX-1 or  X-l).   The
BPT end-of-pipe treatment scheme includes ammonia steam stripping
pretreatment,  chemical  precipitation,  and sedimentation.   The
discharge  rates  for Option A are equal to the  discharge  rates
allocated to each stream as a BPT discharge flow.

OPTION C

Option  C for the primary, nickel and cobalt subcategory  consists
of  all control and treatment requirements of Option  A  (ammonia
steam stripping,  chemical precipitation, and sedimentation) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the end of the Option A
treatment scheme (see Figure X-2).  Multimedia filtration is used
to  remove  suspended  solids,  including precipitates  of  toxic
metals,   beyond   the  concentrations  attainable   by   gravity
sedimentation.   The  filter suggested is of the  gravity,  mixed
media  type, although other forms of filters, such as rapid  sand
filters or pressure filters, would perform satisfactorily.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

As one means of evaluating each technology option,  EPA developed
estimates   of  the  pollutant  removals  and  compliance   costs
associated  with  each option.  The methodologies  are  described
below.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

A  complete description of the methodology used to calculate  the


                               3906

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


estimated   pollutant  removal,  or  benefit,  achieved  by   the
application  of  the various treatment options  is  presented  in
Section  X of Vol. I.  In short, sampling data  collected  during
the  field sampling program were used to characterize  the  major
waste  streams  considered  for  regulation.   At  each   sampled
facility   the sampling data were production normalized for  each
unit  operation  (i.e.  mass of pollutant generated per  mass • of
product manufactured).  This value, referred to as the raw waste,
was  used  to  estimate the mass of  toxic  pollutants  generated
within the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory.  The  pollutant
removal  estimates  were  calculated  for  each  plant  by  first
estimating  the  total mass of each pollutant  in  the  untreated
wastewater.   This  was calculated by first multiplying  the  raw
waste  values  by  the corresponding production  value  for  that
stream and then summing these values for each pollutant for every
stream generated by the plant.

The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment  option was estimated for each operation at each  plant
by  comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory  flow.   The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the  other
plant flows.  The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by  multiplying  the achievable concentration  values  attainable
with  the  option  (mg/1)  by the  estimated  volume  of  process
wastewater discharged by the subcategory.  The mass of  pollutant
removed is the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated  within  the  subcategory and  the  mass  of  pollutant
discharged  after  application  of  the  treatment  option.   The
pollutant removal estimates for direct dischargers in the primary
nickel  and cobalt subcategory are presented in Table  X-l  (page
3911).  These pollutant removal estimates are equivalent to those
presented at proposal.

COMPLIANCE COSTS

In estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs,  the first  step
was to develop a cost estimation model,  relating the total costs
associated   with  installation  and  operation   of   wastewater
treatment  technologies  to,plant process  wastewater  discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant.  The plant's investment  and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in  place
and  by  its individual process wastewater  discharge  flow.   As
discussed  above,  this  flow is either the  actual  or  the  BAT
regulatory  flow,  whichever is lesser.  The final  step  was  to
annualize  the capital costs, and to sum the  annualized  capital
costs,  and the operating and maintenance costs for  each  plant,
yielding  the cost of compliance for the subcategory  (see  Table
X-2,  page  3912).   These costs were used in  assessing  economic
achievabi1i ty.

BAT OPTION SELECTION ^ PROPOSAL

EPA  proposed  BAT limitations for the primary nickel and  cobalt
subcategory based on Option C,  preliminary treatment  consisting
of  ammonia  steam stripping followed  by  end-of-pipe  treatment


                               3907

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


consisting   of   chemical  precipitation,   sedimentation,   and
filtration.  The pollutants specifically proposed for  regulation
under BAT were copper, nickel, ammonia, and cobalt.

Implementation  of the proposed BAT limitations was estimated  to
remove 246 kilograms of priority metals annually.  The  projected
capital  and  annual costs for the proposed BAT  technology  were
estimated to be $31,075 and $27,844 (1982 dollars), respectively.

BAT OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

Our  promulgated  BAT limitations for this Subcategory are  based
on  Option  C, preliminary treatment of ammonia  steam  stripping
followed   by  end-of-pipe  treatment  consisting   of   chemical
precipitation and sedimentation (BPT technology), and filtration.
Filters  are  presently  utilized  by  the  one  plant  in   this
subcategory.

We  are  promulgating  filtration as part of the  BAT  technology
because this technology is demonstrated in the primary nickel and
cobalt  subcategory  (the  one  discharger  in  this  subcategory
presently  has a filter,  and a total of 25 facilities  in  eight
nonferrous  metals  manufacturing  subcategories  currently  have
filters), and results in additional removals of toxic metals.  In
addition,  filtration adds reliability to the treatment system by
making  it  less  susceptible  to operator error  and  to  sudden
changes in raw wastewater flows and concentrations.

The pollutants specifically limited under BAT are cobalt, copper,
nickel,   and  ammonia.   The  toxic  pollutant  zinc  was   also
considered  for  regulation  because it was  found  at  trea.table
concentrations  in  the raw wastewaters  from  this  subcategory.
This  pollutant was not selected for specific regulation  because
it will be effectively controlled when the regulated toxic metals
are  treated  to the concentrations achievable by the  model  BAT
technology.

Implementation  of the promulgated BAT limitations  would  remove
annually an estimated 246 kg of priority metals, which is 5 kg of
toxic metals greater than the estimated BPT removal.   The Agency
projects  capital  and annual costs of $86,500 and $31,800  (1982
dollars),  respectively  for technology required to  achieve;  the
promulgated  BAT  regulations.   The  BAT  treatment  scheme;   is
presented in Figure X-2.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A  BAT discharge rate was calculated for each  subdivision  based
upon  the  flows  of  the existing  plants,  as  determined  from
analysis  of the data collection portfolios.  The discharge  rate
is used with the achievable treatment concentrations to determine
BAT  effluent  limitations.   Since the  discharge  rate  may  be
different   for  each  wastewater  source,  separate   production
normalized  discharge  rates  for each  of  the  four  wastewater
sources  were  determined and are summarized in Table  X-3  (page


                               3908

-------
    PRIMAHY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


3913).  The discharge rates are normalized on a production  basis
by  relating the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of  the
intermediate product which is produced by the process  associated
with the waste stream in question.  These production  normalizing
parameters, or PNPs, are also listed in Table X-3.

The  BAT discharge rates reflect the flow reduction  requirements
of  the selected BAT option.   Since no flow reduction beyond  the
flow reduction practices of BPT is required for this subcategory,
BAT discharge rates are identical to BPT discharge rates.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations   and
the  subcategory  as  a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutants   and  pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.    This
examination  and  evaluation was presented in  Section  VI.    The
Agency,  however,  has  chosen not to regulate  all  three  toxic
pollutants selected in this analysis.

The high cost associated with analysis for toxic metal pollutants
has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method for  regulating
and  monitoring  toxic pollutant discharges from  the  nonferrous
metals  manufacturing category.   Rather than developing specific
effluent  mass  limitations and standards for each of  the  toxic
metals  found in treatable concentrations in the  raw  wastewater
from  a  given subcategory,  the Agency is promulgating  effluent
mass  limitations  only  for those pollutants  generated  in   the
greatest quantities as shown by the pollutant removal  estimates.
The pollutants selected for specific limitation are listed below:

     120.  copper
     124.  nickel
           cobalt

By  establishing  limitations and standards for certain  priority
metal  pollutants,  discharges  will attain the  same  degree  of
control  over  priority metal pollutants as they would have  been
required  to achieve had all the priority metal  pollutants  been
directly limited.

This  approach  is  technically  justified  since  the  treatable
concentrations used for chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
technology  are  based  on optimized  treatment  for  concomitant
multiple metals removal.   Thus, even though metals have  somewhat
different theoretical solubilities,  they will be removed at  very
nearly   the   same  rate  in  a   chemical   precipitation   and
sedimentation  treatment   system  operated  for  multiple  metals
removal.  Filtration as part of the  technology basis is  likewise
justified   because   this   technology   removes   metals   non-
preferential ly.

The toxic metal pollutants selected  for specific limitation in
the  primary  nickel  and  cobalt  subcategory  to  control   the
discharges of toxic metal pollutants are copper and nickel.   The


                               3909

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


following  toxic metal pollutant is excluded from  limitation  on
the  basis that it is effectively controlled by  the  limitations
developed for copper and nickel:

     128.  zinc

The nonconventional pollutants ammonia and cobalt will be limited
in  the  primary  nickel and cobalt subcategory  along  with  the
priority pollutants nickel and copper.   It is necessary to limit
ammonia  because the treatment technology used to control  copper
and  nickel  (chemical precipitation and sedimentation) does  not
remove ammonia.  The priority metal pollutants copper and nickel,
as  well  as  the nonconventional  metal  pollutant  cobalt,  are
specifically  limited  to  ensure the  control  of  the  excluded
priority metal pollutant.  These pollutants are indicators of, the
performance of the treatment technology.

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The concentrations achievable by application of BAT are discussed
in Section VII of this supplement.  The treatable  concentrations
both one day maximum and monthly average values are multiplied by
the  BAT  normalized discharge flows summarized in Table  X-3  to
calculate  the  mass of pollutants allowed to be  discharged  per
mass of product.  The results of these calculations in milligrams
of  pollutant per kilogram of product represent the BAT  effluent
limitations  and are presented in Table X-4 (page 3914) for  each
waste stream.
                               3910

-------
                                      Table X-l

                  POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS
                        PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


Pollutant
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide (Total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc

TOTAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS


Ammonia
Cobalt
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS

TSS
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS

TOTAL POLLUTANTS
Raw
Waste
(kg/yr)
0.11
0
0.04
0
8.58
0
0
0
239.96
1.08
0
0
2.26

252.04


2,639.55
27.60
2,667.15

71.98
71.98

2,991.16
Option A
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0.11
0
0.04
0
3.47
0
0
0
4,43
1.08
0
0
1.98

11.12


2,635.23
0.30
2,635.53

71.87
71.87

2,718.51
Option A
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
0
5.11
0
0
0
235.53
0
0
0
0.29

240.92


4.32
27.30
31.62

0.11
0.11

272.65
Option C
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0.11
0
0.04
0
2.34
0
0
0
1.32
1.08
0
0
1.38

6.27


2,635.23
0.20
2,635.43

15.57
15.57

2,657.27
Option C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
0
6.24
0
0
0
238.64
0
0
0
0.88

245.77


4.32
27.39
31.71

56.41
56.41

333.89

H
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Option A - Ammonia steam stripping,  chemical precipitation,  and sedimentation
Option C - Ammonia steam stripping,  chemical precipitation,  sedimentation,  and
           filtration

-------
                                       Table X-2
           COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                  DIRECT DISCHARGERS
                                 (March, 1982 Dollars)
Option
  A
  C
                        Proposal Costa
Capital Cost
   31,075
   31,075
Annual Cost
   20,053
   27.844
                                              Promulgation Costs
Capital Cost
   71,400
   86,500
AnnualCost
   27,200
   31,800
                                                                                          H
K;
as
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                                                                                          1-1

-------
                                              Table X-3
W
  Wastewater Stream


1,   Raw Material Dust

    Control


2.   Cobalt Reduction

    Decant


3.   Nickel Reduction
    Decant


4.   Nickel Wash Water
                               BAT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE  RATES  FOR THE

                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                      BAT Normalized

                                      Discharge Rate
                                   ITO
                                      77
                                  21,398
                                   12,695
gal/ton


   18.5
5,128
3,042
                                      33.87
    8.12
          Production
    Normalizing Parameter


Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material


Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
                                                                                                  •x)
                                                                                                  »
                                                                                                  H
                                                ss
                                                H
                                                n
                                                 o
                                                 O
                                                 Cd
                                                                                                  n
                                                                                                  >
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                                                                                                  CO
                                                                                                  M
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-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
                            TABLE X-4

           BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
                     AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(a) Raw, Material Dust Control  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
(Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel,
in the crushed raw material
0.099
0.042
0.079
10.260
0.011
and cobalt
0.047
0.029
0.032
4.512
0.005
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant  BAT
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Cobalt
27.390
11.770
21.830
2,852.000
2.996
13.050
7.917
8.987
1,254.000
1.498
*Regulated Pollutant
                               3914

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
                      TABLE X-4 (Continued)

           BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL
                     AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
(c) Nickel Reduction Decant  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel produced
*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
16.250
6.982
12.950
1,692.000
1.777
7.744
4.697
5.332
743.900
0.889
(d) Nickel Wash Water  BAT
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed

*Copper                       0.043               0.021
*Nickel                       0.019               0.013
 Zinc                         0.035               0.014
*Ammonia                      4.515               1.985
*Cobalt                       0.005               0.002


*Regulated Pollutant
                               3915

-------
            Nickel deduction Decant
U)

U3
            Cobalt Reduction Decant
            R>u Haterial Dust Control
            Nickel Hash Water
                                                Aawml*
                                                            St«M
                                                                           Chenica! Addition
Dlacharge
                                                               Figure X-J



                                              BAT  TREATMENT SCHEME FOR  OPTION  A
                                                                                                                                            H
                 5-5

                 H

                 O

                 f*5

                 W

                 tr"
a

n

8
                                                                                                                                            w
                                                                                                                                            a
                                                                                                                                            IB
                                                                                                                                            n

                                                                                                                                            B
                                                                                                                                            w
                                                                                                                                            Q
                                                                                                                                            O

                                                                                                                                            s
                                                                                                                                            W

                                                                                                                                            W

                                                                                                                                            O

-------
                                              Tu Ammonia Recovery
                  Ki-iliiri Ion Decant
            Cobalt Reduction Decant
            Raw Material Dust Control
U)
            Nickel Wash Uater
                                                                             Chemical Addition
                                                             7
                                                            Equalitation
an
          I
     /    =
  Chemical
Precipitation


  cX
                                                                                     Sludge Recycle
                                                                                     Vacuum Flltr.it c
                                                                                                              Backwash
                                                                                                               Sludge
                                                                     Figure  X-2



                                                  BAT TREATMENT  SCHEME  FOR OPTION  C
                                                                                                                  SludRe Dewaterfns
                                                                                                                                                           H

                                                                                                                                                           S
                                                                                                                                                           H
                                                                                                                                                           a
                                                                          t*



                                                                          o

                                                                          o
                                                                                  w
                                                                                  o
                                                                                  o

                                                                                  "2
                                                                                  K3
                                                                                   i

                                                                                  X

-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND  COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
           THIS PAGE  INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                            3918

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - XI




                           SECTION XI

                NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The basis for new source performance standards (NSPS) is the best
available  demonstrated  technology (BDT).  New plants  have  the
opportunity  to  design the best and  most  efficient  production
processes  and wastewater treatment technologies  without  facing
the  added costs and restrictions encountered in retrofitting  an
existing   plant.    Therefore,  EPA  has considered   the   best
demonstrated process changes, in-plant controls, and  end-of-pipe
treatment  technologies  which reduce pollution  to  the  maximum
extent feasible.

This   section  describes  the  technologies  for  treatment   of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for  regulated  pollutants  for NSPS in the  primary  nickel  and
cobalt subcategory, based on the selected treatment technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS

New  source  performance  standards are equivalent  to  the  best
available  technology  (BAT)  selected  for  currently   existing
primary nickel and cobalt plants. This result is a consequence of
careful review by the Agency of a wide range of technical options
for  new  source treatment systems. There was  nothing  found  to
indicate  that  the wastewater flows and characteristics  of  new
plants would not be similar to those from existing plants,   since
the processes used by new sources are not expected to differ from
those  used  at existing sources.  Consequently,  BAT  production
normalized discharge rates, which are based on the best  existing
practices of the subcategory, can also be applied to new sources.
These rates are presented in Table XI-1 (page 3921).

Treatment  technologies  considered  for  the  NSPS  options  are
identical  to  the treatment technologies considered for the  BAT
options.  These options are:

OPTION A

     o  Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
        (where required)
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
OPTION C

     o

     o
     o
Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping
(where required)
Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
Multimedia filtration
                               3919

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - XI


NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA proposed that the technology basis for NSPS be equal to  that
for  BAT   (preliminary  treatment  consisting  of  ammonia  steam
stripping,    chemical    precipitation,    sedimentation,    and
filtration).  The same pollutants were proposed for regulation at
NSPS  as at BAT, and the proposed wastewater discharge rates  for
NSPS were equivalent to those proposed for BAT.

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

We  are  promulgating NSPS equal to BAT.   We  believe  that  new
plants   could   not  achieve  any  flow  reduction  beyond   the
allowances promulgated for BAT.   Because NSPS is equal to BAT we
believe  that the promulgated NSPS will not pose a barrier to the
entry of new plants into this subcategory.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be  found  in treatable concentrations in  processes  within  new
sources  will  be  any  different  than  with  existing  sources.
Accordingly,  pollutants  and  pollutant parameters selected  for
limitation  under  NSPS,  in  accordance with  the  rationales  of
Sections VI and X,  are identical to those selected for BAT.  The
conventional  pollutant parameters TSS and pH are  also  selected
for limitation.

NSW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The  NSPS discharge flows for each wastewater source are the same
as the discharge rates for BAT and are shown in Table XI-1.   The
mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of product is
based  on the product of the appropriate treatable  concentration
(mg/1)  and the production normalized wastewater discharge  flows
(1/kkg).   The results of these calculations are the  production-
based  new  source performance standards.   These  standards  are
presented in Table XI-2 (page 3922).
                               3920

-------
                                             Table KI-1
                               NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
                                PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
VD
  Wastewater Stream
1.   Raw Material Dust
    Control
2.   Cobalt Reduction
    Decant
3.   Nickel Reduction
    Decant
4.   Nickel Wash Water
  NSPS Normalized
   Discharge Rate
T_.
                                      77
                                  21,398
                                  12,695
                                      33.87
                 18.5
              5,128
              3.042
                  8.12
          Production
    Normalizing Parameter
Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material
Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
                                                                                                  H
                                                                                                  s
z
H
O
w
o
O
                                                                                                  o
                                                                                                  s
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  Q
                                                                                                  O
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                  H

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - XI


                           Table XI-2

       NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


(a) Raw Material Dust Contrg_l  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


          mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel, and
               cobalt in the crushed raw material

*Copper                       0.099               0.047
*Nickel                       0.042               0.029
 Zinc                         0.079               0.032
*Amraonia                     10.260               4.512
*Cobalt                       0.011               0.005
*TSS                          1.155               0.924
*pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant  NSPS

PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt
27.390
11.770
21.830
2,852.000
2.996
321.000
Within the range of 7.5 to 10
produced
13.050
7.917
8.987
1,254.000
1.498
256.800
.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               3922

-------
    PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - XI


                     TABLE XI-2 (Continued)

       NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


(c) Nickel Reduction Decant  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (lb/million Ibs) of nickel
16.250
6.982
12.950
1,692.000
1.777
190.400
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.
produced
7.744
4.697
5.332
743.900
0.889
152.300
0 at all times
(d) Nickel Wash Water  NSPS
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Ammonia
*Cobalt
*TSS
*pH
mg/kg (lb/million Ibs) of nickel
0.043
0.019
0.035
4.515
0.005
0.508
Within the range of 7.5 to
powder washed
0.021
0.013
0.014
1.985
0.002
0.406
10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               3923

-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY  SECT - XI
           THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                           3924

-------
         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII



                           SECTION XII

                     PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

PSES  are designed to prevent the discharge of  pollutants  which
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible  with
the  operation  of publicly owned treatment  works  (POTW).   The
Clean  Water  Act requires pretreatment for pollutants,  such  as
toxic  metals,  that limit POTW sludge  management  alternatives.
New  indirect  discharge facilities, like  new  direct  discharge
facilities,   have  the  opportunity  to  incorporate  the   best
available  demonstrated .technologies  including  process  changes
in-plant controls, and end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and to
use  plant  site selection co ensure  adequate  treatment  system
installation.  Pretreatment standards are to be technology based,
analogous  to the best available technology for removal of  toxic
pollutants.

EPA  is  not  promulgating pretreatment  standards  for  existing
sources  in  this  subcategory because  no  indirect  dischargers
exist.   However,  EPA is promulgating pretreatment standards for
new sources because plants may be constructed in the future which
may discharge to a POTW.

This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment  of  process  'wastewaters from new  sources  in  the
primary  nickel and cobalt subcategory.   Pretreatment  standards
for  regulated  pollutants are presented based  on  the  selected
control and treatment technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT

Before  proposing  and promulgating pretreatment  standards,  the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen  sludge  disposal  practices.    In  determining   whether
pollutants  pass through a well-operated POTW achieving secondary
treatment,  the  Agency  compares the percentage of  a  pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct  dischargers
applying  the best available technology economically  achievable.
A  pollutant is deemed to pass through the POTW when the  average
percentage  removed  nationwide  by  well-operated  POTW  meeting
secondary  treatment requirements,  is less than  the   percentage
removed   by  direct  dischargers  complying  with  BAT  effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant.

This  definition  of  pass through satisfies  the  two  competing
objectives   set   by  Congress  that  standards   for   indirect
dischargers  be  equivalent'to standards for  direct  dischargers
while at the same time,  the treatment capability and  performance
of  the POTW be recognized and taken into account  in   regulating
the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.

The  Agency  compares percentage removal rather than the mass  or


                               3925

-------
         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


concentration  of pollutants discharged because the latter  would
not  take into account the mass of pollutants discharged  to  the
POTW   from  non-industrial  sources  or  the  dilution  of   the
pollutants  in  the POTW effluent to lower concentrations due  to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

Options  for  pretreatment of wastewaters from  new  sources  are
based  on  increasing the effectiveness of end-of-pipe  treatment
technologies.   All  in-plant changes and applicable  end-of-pipe
treatment processes have been discussed previously in Sections  X
and  XI.   The options for PSNS are the same as the BAT and  NSPS
options discussed in Sections X and XI, respectively.

A  description of each option is presented in Section X,  while a
more detailed discussion, including pollutants controlled by each
treatment  process  is presented in Section VII  of  the  General
Development Document.

Treatment technologies considered for the PSNS options are:

OPTION A

     o  Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping (where
        required)

     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

OPTION C

     o  Preliminary treatment with ammonia steam stripping (where
        required)
     o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

     o  Multimedia filtration

PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA  proposed  the  technology  basis  for  PSNS  equal  to   BAT
(preliminary  treatment  consisting of ammonia  steam  stripping,
chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration).  The same
pollutants  were proposed for regulation at PSNS as at  BAT,  and
the proposed wastewater discharge rates for PSNS were  equivalent
to those proposed for BAT.

PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

We  are  promulgating  PSNS  equal  to  BAT  and  NSPS  for  this
subcategory.  It is necessary to promulgate PSNS to prevent pass-
through  of  copper, nickel, cobalt, and  ammonia.   These  toxic
pollutants  are removed by a well-operated POTW at an average  of
26  percent,  while  BAT  technology  removes  approximately   58
percent.
                               3926

-------
         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


The technology basis for PSNS thus is chemical precipitation  and
sedimentation,  ammonia  steam stripping,  and  filtration.   The
achievable  concentration for ammonia steam stripping is based on
iron and steel manufacturing category data,  as explained in  the
discussion of BPT for this subcategory.

We  believe that the proposed PSNS are achievable,  and that they
are not a barrier to entry of new plants into this subcategory.

The PSNS discharge rates are shown in Table XII-1 (page 3928).

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

Pollutants  selected  for  limitation,  in  accordance  with  the
rationale of Sections VI and X,  are identical to those  selected
for  limitation for BAT.   It is necessary to promulgate PSNS  to
prevent the pass-through of copper, nickel, ammonia, and cobalt.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

Pretreatment standards for new sources are based on the treatable
concentrations  from the selected treatment  technology,  (Option
C),  and  the discharge rates determined in Sections X and XI for
BAT  and NSPS,  respectively.   A mass of pollutant per  mass  of
product  (mg/kg) allocation is given for each subdivision  within
the  subcategory.   This  pollutant allocation is  based  on  the
product  of  the  treatable concentration  from  the  promulgated
treatment   (mg/1)  and  the  production  normalized   wastewater
discharge rate (1/kkg).  The achievable treatment  concentrations
for PSNS are identical to  those for BAT.   PSNS are presented in
Table XII-2 (page 3929).
                               3927

-------
OJ
fO
00
  Wastewater Stream

1.  Raw Material Dust
    Control

2.  Cobalt Reduction
    Decant

3.  Nickel Reduction
    Decant

4.  Nickel Wash Water
                                           Table XII-1

                             PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES  FOR THE
                              PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY
                                   PSNS Normalized
                                    DischargeRate
                                 T/kkg

                                    77
                                21,398
                                12,695
                                    33,87
gal/ton

   18.5
5,128
3,042
    8.12
          Production
    Normalizing Parameter

Copper, nickel, and cobalt in
the crushed raw material

Cobalt produced
Nickel produced
Nickel powder washed
                                                                                          H
*
S5
H
O
O
O
O
                                                                                                C
                                                                                                W
                                                                                                O
                                                                                                s
                                                                                                w
                                                                                                O
                                                                                                8-
                                                                                                K;
                                                                                                w
                                                                                                n
                                                                                                HI
                                                                                                H
                                                                                                H

-------
         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                           TABLE XII-2

       PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


(a) Raw Material Dust Control  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

*Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
*Anunonia
*Cobalt
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of copper, nickel
cobalt in the crushed raw material
0.099
0.042
0.079
10.260
0.011
, and
0.047
0.029
0.032
4.512
0.005
(b) Cobalt Reduction Decant  PSNS
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


            mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cobalt produced
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Cobalt
27.390
11.770
21.830
2,852.000
2.996
13.050
7.917
8.987
1,254.000
1.498
*Regulated Pollutant
                               3929

-------
         PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XII


                     TABLE XII-2 (Continued)

       PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SUBCATEGORY


t°) Nickel Reduction Decant  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
* Ammonia
*Cobalt
(d) Nickel

mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of
16.250
6.982
12.950
1,692.000
1.777
Wash Water PSNS

nickel produced
7.744
4.697
5.332
743.900
0.889

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average


         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of nickel powder washed

*Copper                       0.043               0.021
*Nickel                       0.019               0.013
 Zinc                         0.035               0.014
*Ammonia                      4.515               1.985
*Cobalt                       0.005               0.002


*Regulated Pollutant
                               3930

-------
   PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT SOBCATEGORY   SECT - XIII



                          SECTION XIII

         BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY


EPA  is  not  promulgating best  conventional  pollutant  control
technology (BCT) for the primary nickel and cobalt subcategory at
this time.
                               3931

-------
PRIMARY NICKEL AND COBALT  SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XIII
            THIS PAGE  INTENTIONALLY  LEFT BLANK
                             3932

-------
NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY


           DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT


                       for the


            Secondary Nickel Subcategory
                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                   Rebecca Hanmer
      Acting Assistant Administrator for Water


              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and Standards
            Thomas P.  O'Farrell,  Director
           Industrial  Technology  Division
             Ernst P.  Hall,  P.E.,  Chief
               Metals  Industry Branch
                         and
              Technical Project Officer
                     May 1989
        U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                   Office of Water
      Office  of Water  Regulations and Standards
           Industrial  Technology Division
              Washington, D. C.   20460
                         3933

-------
3934

-------
                 SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY


                        TABLE OP CONTENTS

Section
I         SUMMARY                                          3941

II        CONCLUSIONS                                      3943

III       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE                              3947

          Description of Secondary Nickel Production       3947
          Raw Materials                                    3947
          Slag Reclamation                                 3947
          Acid Reclamation                                 3948
          Scrap Reclamation                                3948
          Process Wastewater Sources                       3948
          Other Wastewater Sources                         3948
          Age, Production, and Process Profile             3948

IV        SUBCATEGORIZATION                                3955

          Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary  3955
            Nickel Subcategory
          Other Factors                                    3956
          Production Normalizing Parameters                3956

V         WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS         3959

          Wastewater Flow Rates                            3958
          Wastewater Characteristics Data                  3958
          Data Collection Portfolios                       3958
          Field Sampling Data                              3959
          Wastewater Characteristics and Flow by           3960
            Subdivision
          Slag Reclaim Tailings                            3960
          Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate                   3960
          Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash       3960

VI        SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS                          3975

          Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant       3975
            Parameters Selected
          Toxic Priority Pollutants                        3976
          Toxic Pollutants Never Detected                  3976
          Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their         3976
            Analytical  Quantification Concentration
          Toxic Pollutants Selected for for Further        3976
            Consideration in Establishing Limitations
            and Standards
                               3935

-------
                 SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section                                                    Page

VII       CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES               3983

          Current Control and Treatment Practices          3983
          Slag Reclaim Tailings                            3983
          Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate                   3983
          Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash       3984
          Control and Treatment Options                    3984
          Option A                                         3984
          Option C                                         3984

VIII      COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS      3985

          Treatment Options for Existing Sources           3985
          Option A                                         3985
          Option C                                         3985
          Cost Methodology                                 3985
          Nonwater Quality Aspects                         3986
          Energy Requirements                              3986
          Solid Waste                                      3986
          Air Pollution                                    3998

IX        BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY    3991
          AVAILABLE

X         BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY           3991
          ACHIEVABLE

XI        NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                 3993

          Technical Approach to NSPS                       3993
          Pollutant Removal Estimates                      3995
          Compliance Costs                                 3996
          NSPS Option Selection - Proposal                 3996
          NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation             3996
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       3997
          Slag Reclaim Tailings                            3997
          Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate                   3997
          Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash       3997
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   3997
          New Source Performance Standards                 3999
                               3936

-------
                 SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section                                                    gage

XII       PRETREATMENT STANDARDS                           4003

          Technical Approach to Pretreatment               4003
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    4004
          Pretreatment Standards for Existing and New      4004
            Sources
          PSES Option Selection - Proposal                 4004
          PSES Option Selection - Promulgation             4005
          PSNS Option Selection - Proposal                 4005
          PSNS Option Selection - Promulgation             4005
          Pretreatment Standards                           4006

XIII      BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY   4013
                               3937

-------
                 SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
                         LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
III-l     Initial Operating Year Summary of  Plants in the 3950
          Secondary Nickel Subcategory by Discharge Type

III-2     Production Ranges for the Secondary Nickel       3951
          Subcategory

III-3     Summary of Secondary Nickel Subcategory          3952
          Processes and Associated Waste Streams

V-l       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Slag Reclaim   3962
          Tailings

V-2       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Acid Reclaim   3963
          Leaching Filtrate

V-3       Water Use and Discharge Rates for Acid Reclaim   3964
          Leaching Belt filter Removal

V-4       Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Slag Reclaim      3965
          Tailings Pond Influent Raw Wastewater
          Sampling Data

"V— 5       Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Slag Reclaim      3965
          Tailings Pond Effluent Raw Wastewater
          Sampling Data

V-6       Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Acid Reclaim      3970
          Leaching Filtrate Raw Wastewater Sampling Data

V-7       Secondary Nickel Sampling Data Acid Reclaim      3972
          Leaching Belt Filter Backwash Raw Wastewater
          Sampling Data

VI-1      Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants   3978
          Secondary Nickel Subcategory Raw Wastewater

VI-2      Toxic Pollutants Never Detected                  3979

VIII-1    Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Nickel      3989
          Subcategory Indirect Dischargers

XI-1      NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the          4000
          Secondary Nickel Subcategory
                               3938

-------
                 SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGOEY


                   LIST OP TABLES (Continued)


Table                  Title                              Page


XI-2      NSPS for the Secondary Nickel Subcategory        4001

XII-1     Pollutant Removal Estimates for Indirect         4009
          Dischargers in the Secondary Nickel Subcategory

XII-2     Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Nickel      4010
          Subcategory Indirect Dischargers

XII-3     PSES and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4011
          Secondary Nickel Subcategory

XII-4     PSES for the Secondary Nickel Subcategory        4012

XII-5     PSNS for the Secondary Nickel Subcategory        4013
                               3939

-------
                 SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
                         LIST OF FIGURES

Figure                  Title                              Page

III-l     Secondary Nickel Manufacturing Processes         3953
III-2     Geographic Locations o£ Secondary Nickel         3954
          Subcategory Plants
V-l       Sampling Sites at Secondary Nickel Plant A       3974
XI-1      NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option A               4002
XI-2      NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option C               4003
XI-3      NSPS Treatment Scheme for Option C Without       4004
          Filtration for Slag Reclaim Tailings
                               3940

-------
             SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - I



                            SECTION I

                             SUMMARY
This  document  provides  the technical  basis  for  promulgating
pretreatment standards for existing indirect dischargers   (PSES),
pretreatment  standards for new indirect dischargers (PSNS),  and
standards  of  performance  for  new  source  direct  dischargers
(NSPS)for plants in the secondary nickel subcategory.

The secondary nickel subcategory consists of two plants.   One of
the  two  plants discharges to a publicly-owned treatment  works,
and one achieves zero discharge of process wastewater.  There are
no plants discharging directly to rivers, streams, or lakes.

EPA  first studied the secondary nickel subcategory to  determine
whether   differences   in   raw   materials,   final   products,
manufacturing processes,  equipment,  age and size of plants,  or
water  usage,  required  the  development  of  separate  effluent
limitations   and  standards  for  different  segments   of   the
subcategory.   This  involved a detailed analysis  of  wastewater
discharge  and  treated effluent characteristics,  including  the
sources and volume of water used, the processes used, the sources
of pollutants and wastewaters in the plant, and the  constituents
of  wastewaters, including toxic pollutants.  As a result,  three
subdivisions  have  been  identified for  this  subcategory  that
warrant separate effluent limitations.  These include:

     o    Slag reclaim tailings,
     o    Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
     o    Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.

Several  distinct  control and treatment  technologies  (both  in
plant  and  end-of-pipe)  applicable  to  the  secondary   nickel
subcategory were identified. The Agency analyzed both  historical
and   newly   generated  data  on  the   performance   of   these
technologies,  including  their  nonwater  quality  environmental
impacts  and  air  quality, solid waste  generation,  and  energy
requirements.  EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported  in  the  data collection  portfolios  (dcp)  and  plant
visits.

Engineering  costs  were  prepared for each of  the  control  and
treatment  options considered for the subcategory.   These  costs
were  than  used  by  the  Agency  to  estimate  the  impact   of
implementing  the various options on the subcategory.   For  each
control  and  treatment option that the Agency found to  be  most
effective  and technically feasible in controlling the  discharge
of  pollutants,   the  number of  potential  closures,  number  of
employees  affected, and impact on price were  estimated.    These
results  are  reported  in  a  separate  document  entitled  "The
Economic  Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations  and  Standards


                               3941

-------
             SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - I


for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry."

Because  there are no direct dischargers in the secondary  nickel
subcategory, EPA is not promulgating BPT, BAT or BCT.

After  examining the various treatment technologies,  the  Agency
selected  PSES  to consist of metals removal  based  on  chemical
precipitation    and    sedimentation    technology.     Chemical
precipitation  and sedimentation technology represents  the  best
existing   technology   in  this  subcategory.    To   meet   the
pretreatment standards for existing sources, the secondary nickel
subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost of $320,100  and
an annual cost of $161,200.

NSPS  is equivalent to PSES technology.  In selecting  NSPS,  EPA
recognizes that new plants have the opportunity to implement  the
best  and  most efficient manufacturing processes  and  treatment
technology.   As  such,  the technology basis of  PSES  has  been
determined as the best demonstrated technology.

For PSNS, the Agency selected end-of-pipe treatment equivalent to
NSPS.

The  best  conventional  technology (BCT) replaces  BAT  for  the
control of conventional pollutants. Although the methodology  for
BCT  has not yet been finalized, BCT is not promulgated for  this
subcategory because there are no direct discharges.

The  mass limitations and standards for NSPS, PSES, and PSNS  are
presented in Section II.
                               3942

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  II



                           SECTION II

                           CONCLUSIONS


EPA  has  divided  the secondary nickel  subcategory  into  three
subdivisions  or  building  blocks for the  purpose  of  effluent
limitations and standards.  These subdivisions are:

     (a)  Slag reclaim tailings,
     (b)  Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
     (c)  Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.

BPT is not promulgated for this subcategory because there are  no
direct dischargers.

BAT is not promulgated because there are no direct dischargers.

NSPS  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
application   of   chemical   precipitation   and   sedimentation
technology   (lime  and  settle).   The  following   new   source
performance standards are promulgated:


(a)  Slag Reclaim Tailings  NSPS

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of slag input to reclaim process

Chromium (total)           5.653             2.313
Copper                    24.410            12.850
Nickel                    24.670            16.320
TSS                      526.800           250.500
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b)  Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate  NSPS

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced

Chromium (total)           2.198             0.089
Copper                     9.491             4.995
Nickel                     9.590             6.344
TSS                      214.800            87.400
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               3943

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
 (c)  Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash  NSPS

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Chromium (total)           0.528             0.216
 Copper                     2.278             1.199
 Nickel                     2.302             1.523
 TSS                       49.160            23.380
 pH         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 PSES  are promulgated based on the performance achievable by  the
 application   of   chemical   precipitation   and   sedimentation
 technology   (lime  and  settle).   The  following   pretreatment
 standards for existing sources are promulgated:


 (a)  Slag Reclaim Tailings  PSES

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg  (Ib/million Ibs) of slag input to reclaim process

 Chromium (total)           5.653             2.313
 Copper                    24.410            12.850
 Nickel                    24.670            16.320


 (b)  Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate  PSES

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Chromium (total)           2.198             0.899
Copper                     9.491             4.995
Nickel                     9.590             6.344
                               3944

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


 (c)  Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash  PSES

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Chromium (total)           0.528             0.216
 Copper                     2.278             1.199
 Nickel                     2.302             1.523


 PSNS  are  promulgated  based on the  performance  achievable  by
 application of chemical, precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
 settle).   The following pretreatment standards for  new  sources
 are promulgated:

 (a)  Slag Reclaim Tailings  PSNS

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of slag input toreclaim process

 Chromium (total)           5.653             2.313
 Copper                    24.410            12.850
 Nickel                    24.670            16.320


 (b)  Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate  PSNS

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
 Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Chromium (total)           2.198             0.899
 Copper                     9.491             4.995
Nickel                     9.590             6.344


 (c)  Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash  PSNS

    PollutantMaximum ForMaximum For
Pollutant Property     Any One Day     Monthly Average

mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced

Chromium (total)           0.528             0.216
Copper                     2.278             1.199
Nickel                     2.302             1.523


BCT is not  promulgated for this subcategory at this  time.
                               3945

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  II
    THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                    3946

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III



                           SECTION III

                       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE


This section of the secondary nickel supplement describes the raw
materials  and processes used in smelting and refining  secondary
nickel  and  presents a profile of the  secondary  nickel  plants
identified  in  this  study.

DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY NICKEL PRODUCTION

Secondary  nickel production can be divided into  three  distinct
operations  —  slag  reclamation, acid  reclamation.  and  scrap
reclamation.   Slag reclamation is a wet  mechanical  granulation
operation.    Acid   reclamation  and   scrap   reclamation   are
hydrometallurgical  refining  processes.  One plant in  the  U.S.
reclaims nickel from slag and pickling acids, and a second  plant
reclaims   nickel  from  scrap.   Secondary   nickel   production
processes are presented schematically in Figure III-l (Page 3953)
and described below.

RAW MATERIALS

Secondary  nickel is reclaimed from three raw materials;   nickel
melt furnace slag, nickel carbonate produced from waste  pickling
acids  and  wastewater  treatment  sludges  from  nickel  forming
operations/  and  solid  nickel scrap  from  other  manufacturing
operations.  Nickel alloy scrap generated at steel mills may also
be  recycled within the mills however, no refining of the  nickel
scrap takes place prior to recycle and therefore, direct  recycle
of nickel scrap is not considered within this subcategory.

SLAG RECLAMATION

The objective of slag reclamation is to recover the nickel values
from  the dross or slag produced in nickel melt  furnaces.   When
the nickel ingots are smelted in the presence of fluxing  agents,
the  oxidized  metals and impurities rise to the surface  of  the
liquid  metal  and  are  removed from  the  furnace.    This  slag
contains approximately 10 percent metallics.

The  dross or slag is first air cooled and solidified,  and  then
mechanically granulated with a jaw crusher and a wet  rod mill. It
is  then fed onto a wet mineral jig,  which uses specific  gravity
differences to recover a nickel concentrate product.   The mineral
jig  is  a shaking table.  Large volumes of water wash  over  the
crushed slag on the table  carrying away the lighter  (less dense)
non-metallics.   The  denser,  nickel-containing  solids  are  the
product.  A large volume of tailings wastewater is produced.  The
nickel product is returned to the melt furnace and the wastewater
is discharged.
                               3947

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III
ACID RECLAMATION

In  the  acid  reclamation  process,  spent  pickling  acids  and
wastewater  treatment sludges from nickel forming operations  are
introduced   into  a  vessel  with   soda  ash   (Na2CO3)   which
precipitates  the nickel as nickel carbonate.  The impure  nickel
carbonate,   which  is  separated  from  the  liquid   phase   by
filtration, is the raw material for the acid reclaim process.

Impure  nickel  carbonate  is slurried with water  to  produce  a
homogeneous solution, and then roasted in an open hearth  furnace
to  produce nickel oxide.  The nickel oxide produced by  roasting
is  then leached with water to remove impurities,  and  filtered.
The leaching filtrate may be discharged as a waste stream.  After
filtering,  the filter is backwashed and the backwash  water  may
also  be discharged as a waste stream.  The nickel oxide  product
is approximately 35 percent nickel, and is returned to the nickel
melting furnaces.

SCRAP RECLAMATION

Scrap  resulting from the manufacture of nickel products  may  be
recycled  to recover the nickel values.  The scrap is fed into  a
digestion  unit  with nitric acid and water.   The  acid  removes
silver  and other impurities, and a 95 percent nickel product  is
either  sold  or  returned to the  manufacturing  facility.   The
resultant solution, which contains significant silver values,  is
routed to a silver recovery process.  The silver recovery process
and  resultant  wastewater  are covered by  the  regulations  for
secondary silver refining which is part of the nonferrous  metals
manufacturing   category.   There  are  no   wastewater   streams
associated  with  nickel scrap reclamation which are  within  the
scope  of the secondary nickel subcategory.

PROCESS WASTEWATER SOURCES

Although a variety of processes are involved in secondary  nickel
production,   the   significant  wastewater  sources   that   are
associated   with  the  secondary  nickel  subcategory   can   be
subdivided into the following building blocks:

        1.  Slag reclaim tailings,
        2.  Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
        3.  Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.

OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES

There  may  be  other  wastewater  streams  associated  with  the
secondary nickel subcategory.  These streams include but are  not
limited to stormwater runoff, maintenance and cleanup water,  and
noncontact  cooling  water.  These  wastewater  streams  are  not
considered  as a part of this rulemaking.  EPA believes that  the
flows  and pollutant loadings associated with  these  wastewaters
are insignificant relative to waste streams selected and are best
handled  by  the appropriate permit authority on  a  case-by-case


                               3948

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III


basis under authority of Section 403 of the Clean Water Act.

AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE

Figure III-2 {Page 3954) shows the locations of the two secondary
nickel  plants operating in the United States.  Both are  located
east  of  the Mississippi River, near the industrial  centers  of
western Pennsylvania.

Table  III-l  (Page  3950)  illustrates  the  relative  age   and
discharge  status  of the secondary nickel plants in  the  United
States.  One plant was built in 1923, and the other was built  in
1976.

Prom  Table  III-2  (Page 3951) it can be seen that  of  the  two
facilities  which reclaim nickel, one plant reclaims between  500
and  1,000  tons per year, and the other less than  50  tons  per
year.

Table  II1-3  (Page  3952) provides a summary of  the  number  of
plants  generating  wastewater for the waste  streams  associated
with  the  various processes and the number of  plants  with  the
process.
                               3949

-------
  SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III
                  TABLE III-l

INITIAL OPERATING YEAR SUMMARY OF PLANTS IN THE
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY BY DISCHARGE TYPE

            Initial Operating Year
             (Plant Age in Years)

Type of
Plant
Direct
Indirect
Zero
Total
1982-
1966
(0-15)
0
0
1
1
1965-
1946
(15-35)
0
0
0
0
1945-
1926
(35-55)
0
0
0
0
1925-
1906
(55-75)
0
1
0
1

Total
0
1
1
2
                      3950

-------
       SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - III

                             TABLE II1-2
       PRODUCTION RANGES FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
      Production Ranges for 1982
             (Tons/Year)a
              0 -    50
             50 -   100
            500 - 1,000
              Total
Number of Plants
         1
         0
         1
         2
(a)  Based on production of reclaimed nickel
                          3951

-------
                                           Table  111-3


         SUMMARY  UK SECONDARY  NICKEL SUBCATEGORY  PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
Ul

NJ
              Process


Slag Reclaim


  Slag Reclaim Tailings


Acid Reclaim


  Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate


  Acid Reclaim Belt Filter Backwash


Scrap Reclaim
                                               Number of Plants

                                               With the Process
                                                      1
   Number of

Plants Reporting

 Generation of

  Wastewater*
                                                                                           to
                                                                                           W
                                                                                           o
                                                                                           o
                                                                                                H
                                                                                                O
                                                                                                X
                                                                                                a
                                                                                                tr"

                                                                                                to
                                                                                                a
                                                                                                ro
                                                                                                o
                       M
                                                                                                3
     ^Through reuse or evaporation practices,  a plant may "generate" a wastewater from a

      particular process but not discharge it.
                                                                                                M
                                                                                                O
                                                                                                H

                                                                                                H
                                                                                                H

-------
         SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
   SECT -  III
      i)  Slag Seclai.1
                         H20
Sl»g
fro«
Sn*li
Funu
or Dross
Mlctol • 	 »
:iag
ic«
Mechanical
Granulation



Xineral
-its
G
7
Tali lags
co Pond
                                                  Hickei Concentrate
                                                 1 Produce
     ii)  Acid Reclaim
   Spent Acids
      ceacmenc
Sludge

Pickling «»ac«s
                    T
                 Soda Ash
Evaporate
   "2°
                                                                 K0
Sick*! .
Carbonate *
pH
Adj us cm* nc


Filter

r
Open
Furnace
HickeJ
Oxide

L r
Leaching
                          Recycle
                          Solids
                         to
                          Process
                              Nickel Forming
                                Wascewacar
         Leacning
         Filerace
 Bete
Filter
     iii)   Scrap Reclaim
Manufacturing _»
Scrap


OigMdon
HN03
A


i
Saparacion j
I
1
                                              r
 Nickel Product  Sold
 or Recycled to  Process
                                  Silvar-Ricb Str
                                  co Silver
                                Figure  III-1

             SECONDARY  NICKEL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
                                    3953

-------
10
U3
t/1
                                            HAWAII
I - Indirect Process Mastewater Discharge Plants
Z - Zero Process Uastewater Discharge Plants
                                                Figure III-2

                      GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF SECONDARY  NICKEL  SUBCATEGORY  PLANTS

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IV



                          , SECTION IV

                        SUBCATEGORIZATION


This  section  summarizes  the  factors  considered  during   the
designation   of   the  subdivision  of  the   secondary   nickel
subcategory.   Production   normalizing   parameters   for   each
subdivision are also discussed.

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY NICKEL
SUBCATEGORY

The  factors  listed  for  general  subcategorization  were  each
evaluated  when considering subdivision of the  secondary  nickel
subcategory.  In the discussion that follows, the factors will be
described as they pertain to this particular subcategory.

The  rationale  for  considering segmentation  of  the  secondary
nickel  subcategory  is  based primarily on  differences  in  the
production  processes  and  raw  materials  used.   Within   this
subcategory,  a  number of different  operations  are  performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require the establishment of separate effluent limitations. While
secondary  nickel  is  considered a single  subcategory,  a  more
thorough examination of the production processes has  illustrated
the need for limitations and standards based on a specific set of
waste  streams.   Limitations  will be  based  on  specific  flow
allowances for the following subdivisions:

  1.  Slag reclaim tailings,
  2.  Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
  3.  Acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash.

These  subdivisions follow directly from differences between  the
processing  steps of secondary nickel production.   Slag  reclaim
and   acid  reclaim  both  have  various  steps  which   generate
wastewater.
Slag  reclamation establishes the need for the first  subdivision
slag  reclaim  tailings.  After crushing and milling  the  nickel
rich slag, a nickel concentrate is separated from impurities with
a  wet mineral jig.  This produces a tailings waste stream  which
is discharged.

Acid  reclamation establishes the need for the second  and  third
subdivisions — acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and acid  reclaim
leaching   belt  filter  backwash.   Spent  pickling  acids   and
wastewater treatment sludges are added to a tank containing  soda
ash  in order to precipitate nickel as nickel  carbonate.   After
filtration,  the precipitate is slurried with water and roasted in
an open hearth furnace in order to oxidize the nickel. The nickel
oxide  is  leached  with  water to  remove  impurities  and  then
filtered on a belt filter. The acid reclaim leaching filtrate  is
discharged as a waste stream.  The belt filter is backwashed  with


                               3955

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - IV


water,  and  the  backwash water is also discharged  as  a  waste
stream.

OTHER FACTORS

The other factors considered in this evaluation were shown to  be
inappropriate  bases  for  further  segmentation.  Air  pollution
control  methods, treatment costs, and total energy  requirements
are functions of the selected subcategorization factors —  metal
product, raw materials, and production processes.  Certain  other
factors,  such  as  plant  age, plant size,  and  the  number  of
employees, were also evaluated and determined to be inappropriate
for  use  as the basis for subdivision of the  nonferrous  metals
subcategory.

PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS

As  discussed previously, the effluent limitations and  standards
developed  in  this document establish mass  limitations  on  the
discharge  of  specific  pollutant parameters.   To  allow  these
regulations  to  be  applied to plants  with  various  production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit  of  production.   This factor is known  as  the  production
normalizing parameter (PNP).  The PNPs for the three subdivisions
are as follows:

       Subdivision                                 PNP

1. Slag reclaim tailings                  slag input to reclaim
                                           process

2. Acid reclaim leaching filtrate         acid reclaim nickel
                                           produced

3. Acid reclaim leaching belt filter     acid reclaim nickel
   backwash                                produced

At  proposal   the  production  normalizing  parameter  for  slag
reclaim  tailings was the mass of slag reclaim  nickel  produced.
Industry  comments on the choice of PNP prompted EPA to  consider
other  parameters.  The  industry  comments  included  flow   and
production  information  which  allowed EPA  to  recalculate  the
production  normalized  flow. Based on the new  information,  EPA
concluded that the generation of slag reclaim tailings wastewater
is  more  closely related to raw material input  to  the  reclaim
process.  Therefore, for promulgation, the PNP for  slag  reclaim
tailings  has been changed to the quantity of slag input  to  the
reclaim process.
                               3956

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V



                            SECTION V

            WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS


This  section  describes the characteristics of  the  wastewaters
associated with the secondary nickel subcategory.  Water use  and
discharge  rates are explained and then summarized in  tables  at
the  end  of  this  section.   Data  used  to  characterize   the
wastewaters  are presented.  Finally, the specific source,  water
use and discharge flows, and wastewater characteristics for  each
separate wastewater source are discussed.

The  two  principal  data  sources used  in  the  development  of
effluent limitations and standards for this subcategory are  data
collection   portfolios   and  field  sampling   results.    Data
collection  portfolios contain information  regarding  wastewater
flows and production levels.

In  order  to  quantify the pollutant  discharge  from  secondary
nickel  plants,  a  field  sampling  program  was  conducted.   A
complete  list of the pollutants considered and a summary of  the
techniques  used  in  the sampling and  laboratory  analyses  are
included in. Section V of Vol. I. Samples were analyzed for 124 of
the   126  priority  pollutants  and  other   pollutants   deemed
appropriate.  Because the analytical standard for TCDD was judged
to be too hazardous to be made generally available, samples  were
never analyzed for this pollutant, samples were also not analyzed
for asbestos.  There is no. reason to expect that TCDD or asbestos
would  be present in nonferrous metals manufacturing  wastewater.
One  plant  was  selected for sampling in  the  secondary  nickel
subcategory.   In  general, the samples were analyzed  for  three
classes  of  pollutants:  toxic organic pollutants,  toxic  metal
pollutants.   and  criteria  pollutants  (which   includes   both
conventional and nonconventional pollutants).

No  additional sampling data for this subcategory  were  obtained
from  EPA sampling efforts or industry comments between  proposal
and   promulgation.    Characterization   of   secondary   nickel
subcategory  wastewaters (Section V), and selection of  pollutant
parameters for limitation (Section VI) has been based on the same
data used at proposal.

As  described  in Section IV of this  supplement,  the  secondary
nickel  subcategory has been divided into three subdivisions,  so
that   the   promulgated  regulation  contains   mass   discharge
limitations  and standards for three unit  processes  discharging
process    wastewater.     Differences    in    the    wastewater
characteristics  associated  with these subdivisions  are  to  be
expected.  For this  reason, wastewater streams corresponding  to
each subdivision are addressed separately in the discussions that
follow.  These wastewater sources are:
                               3957

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


     1.  Slag reclaim tailings,
     2.  Acid reclaim leaching filtrate, and
     3.  Acid reclaim, leaching belt filter backwash.

WASTEWATER FLOW RATES

Data  supplied by dcp responses were evaluated, and two  flow-to-
production  ratios  were  calculated for each  stream.   The  two
ratios,   water   use   and  wastewater   discharge   flow,   are
differentiated by the flow value used in calculation.   Water  use
is  defined as the volume of water required for a  given  process
per  mass of nickel product and is therefore based on the sum  of
recycle  and make-up flows to a given process.   Wastewater  flow
discharged  after pretreatment or recycle (if these are  present)
is  used  in calculating the production normalized  flow  —  the
volume  of wastewater discharged from a given process to  further
treatment,  disposal, or discharge per mass of  nickel  produced.
Differences between the water use and wastewater flows associated
with  a  given  stream  result  from  recycle,  evaporation,  and
carry-over  on  the  product.   The  production  values  used  in
calculation  correspond to the production normalizing  parameter,
PNP,  assigned to each stream, as outlined in Section IV.  As  an
example,  acid  reclaim  leaching  filtrate  wastewater  flow  is
related  to  acid  reclaim  nickel  production.   As  such,   the
discharge  rate  is  expressed in  liters  of  leaching  filtrate
wastewater  discharged  per  metric ton of  acid  reclaim  nickel
production.

The  production normalized flows were compiled and  statistically
analyzed  by stream type.  These production normalized water  use
and  discharge flows are presented by subdivision in  Tables  V-l
through V-3 (pages 3962 -3964). Where appropriate, an attempt was
made  to  identify factors that could account for  variations  in
water  use.  This information is summarized in this  section.   A
similar  analysis of factors affecting the wastewater  values  is
presented  in Sections XI arid XII where representative  NSPS  and
pretreatment discharge flows are selected for use in  calculating
the effluent limitations and standards.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS DATA

Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
secondary  nickel  production  come  from  two  sources  —  data
collection  portfolios  and analytical data from  field  sampling
trips.

DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS

In the data collection portfolios, plants were asked to  indicate
whether  or  not any of the priority pollutants were  present  in
their  effluent.  The one discharging plant indicated  that  most
toxic  organic pollutants were believed to be absent  from  their
effluent.  The plant indicated that a few of the priority organic
pollutants are believed to be present in its effluent.  The plant
stated that some of the priority metals were known to be  present


                               3958

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


 in  their  effluent.   The responses for  the  toxic  metals  are
 summarized below.

        Pollutant              Known Present     Believed Present


 Antimony                              0                   0
 Arsenic                               0                   0
 Beryllium                             0                   0
 Cadmium                               0                   0
 Chromium                              1                   1
 Copper                                1                   1
 Lead                                  0                   0
 Mercury                               0                   0
 Nickel                    i            1                   1
 Selenium                              0                   0
 Silver                                0                   0
 Thallium                              0                   0
 Zinc                                  1                   1

 FIELD SAMPLING DATA

 In order to quantify the concentrations of pollutants present  in
 wastewater from secondary nickel plants, wastewater samples  were
 collected at one plant.  A diagram indicating the sampling  sites
 and  contributing  production processes is shown  in  Figure  V-l
 (Page 3974).

 The  sampling  data  for the  secondary  nickel  subcategory  are
 presented  in  Tables V-4 through V-7 (pages 3965  -  3972).  The
 stream  codes displayed in Tables ¥.4 through V-7 may be used  to
 identify  the  location of each of the samples  on  process  flow
 diagrams in Figure V.I.  Where no data are listed for a  specific
 day  of sampling, the wastewater samples for the stream were  not
 collected.

 The detection limits shown on the data tables are not the same in
 all cases as the published detection limits for these  pollutants
 by  the same analytical methods.  The detection limits used  were
 reported  with the analytical data and hence are the  appropriate
 limits to apply to the data.   Detection limit variation can occur
 as  a  result  of a  number  of  laboratory-specific,  equipment-
 specific, and daily operator-specific factors.  These factors can
 include day-to-day differences in machine calibration,  variation
 in stock solutions, and variation in operators.

The  statistical analysis of  data includes some samples  measured
at  concentrations considered not quantifiable.   Priority  metal
and conventional and nonconventional pollutant values reported as
 less than a certain value were considered as not quantifiable and
a value of zero is used in the calculation of the average.

Appropriate  source water concentrations are presented  with  the
 summaries of the sampling data.  The method by which each  sample
was collected is indicated by number, as follows:


                               3959

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
     1 - One-time grab
     2 - Manual composite during intermittent process operation
     3 - 8-hour manual composite
     4 - 8-hour automatic composite
     5 - 24-hour manual composite
     6-24 hour automatic composite

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION

Since  secondary  nickel  production  involves  three   principal
sources   of  wastewater  and  each  has  potentially   different
characteristics  and  flows, the wastewater  characteristics  and
discharge  rates  corresponding  to  each  subdivision  will   be
described separately.  A brief description of why the  associated
production  processes generate a wastewater and explanations  for
variations  of  water use within each subdivision  will  also  be
discussed.

SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS

Nickel  is  recovered  from dross or  slag  generated  in  nickel
smelting  furnaces   by  a  wet  granulation  operation     After
recovering  the nickel values from the granulated slag,  the  wet
residue  is discharged to a railings pond and the  overflow  from
the  tailings  pond is discharged as a waste stream.   One  plant
reported  generating  this waste stream, and its  water  use  and
discharge rates are presented in Table V-l (Page 3962).

Sampling data for slag reclaim tailings is presented in Table V-4
(page 3965).  This waste stream is characterized by the  presence
of treatable concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel,
suspended  solids,  and  pH.  Sampling  data  for  tailings  pond
effluent is presented in Table V-5 (page 3967).

ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE

After  nickel  is  precipitated from waste  pickling  acids  with
sodium carbonate and roasted to produce nickel oxide, the  nickel
oxide is leached with water to remove impurities.  The wet nickel
oxide  is  dewatered  on  a  belt  filter  and  the  filtrate  is
discarded.  One plant reported generating this waste stream,  and
its  water  use and discharge rates are presented  in  Table  V-2
(page 3963).

Sampling  data  for  acid  reclaim  leaching  belt  filtrate   is
presented  in  Table  V-6  (page 3970).   This  waste  stream  is
characterized  by  the presence of  treatable  concentrations  of
chromium, copper, nickel, and suspended solids.

ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH

In the acid reclaim process, after the dewatered nickel oxide  is
scraped from the belt filter, the filter is backwashed with water
and  the  backwash water may be discharged.  One  plant  reported


                               3960

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


generating  this  waste stream, and its water use  and  discharge
rates are presented in Table V-3 (page 3964).

Sampling  data for acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash  is
presented  in  Table  V-7  (page 3972).   This  waste  stream  is
characterized  by  the presence of  treatable  concentrations  of
chromium, copper, nickel, and suspended solids.
                               3961

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                              TABLE V-l

      WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS

            (1/kkg of slag input to reclaim process)
Plant     Percent Recycle
Code          or Reuse

1169              0
  Production
 Normalized
Water Use Flow

    12,848
   Production
  Normalized
Discharge Flow

     12,848
                               3962

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                              TABLE V-2

                 WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
                   ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE

             (1/kkg of acid reclaim nickel produced)
Plant     Percent Recycle
Code         or Reuse

1169              0
  Production
  Normalized
Water Use Flow

     4,995
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Flow

     4,995
                               3963

-------
            SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
           SECT - V
                            TABLE V-3

                WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES FOR
           ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH

             (1/kkg of acid reclaim nickel produced)
Plant     Percent Recycle
Code          or Reuse

1169              0
 Production
 Normalized
Water Use Flow

     1,199
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Flow

      1,199
                               3964

-------
                               Table V-4

                     SECONDARY  NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                  SLAG  KECLAIM  TAILINGS  POND INFLUENT
                      KAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
1 118.
en
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code

986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
986
w
Sample Concentrations (mg/1) 8
Typet Source

1 <0.002
1 <0.005
1 <0.01
1 <0.05
1 <0.10
1 0.170
1 <0.02
1 <0.10
1 <0.002
1 0.20
1 <0.01
1 <0.002
1 <0.005
1 <0.05
Day 1

<0.002
0.93
<0.02
<0.027
5.35
0.59
<0.02
<0.2
<0.002
7.5
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
0.15
Day 2 Day g
K
H
O
M
tr<
W
G
W
O
I
Q
O

tfl
W
O
1
<






-------
                                        Table V-4 (Continued)

                                    SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING  DATA
                                SLAG  RECLAIM TAILINGS POND INFLUENT
                                    HAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
en
en

Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity

alkalinity
chloride

fluoride


sulfate
total solids (TS)
Conventional Pollutants

oil and grease

total suspended aolida (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code


986

986
986

986


986
986


986

986
986
Sample
Typet


1

1
1

1


1
1


1

I
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source


<,

61 9,
12

0.43


130
330 16,


<1

22 16,
6.64
Day 1 Day 2 D


<,

000
550

22


42
000


10

000
11.38
w
M
O
lay 3 §
o
»
S3
H
O
M
f
w
c
w
n
>
(-3
W
Q
O
*
W
W
O
I
<

   tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab

-------
                                          Table V-5
                                SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                             SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS POND EFFLUENT
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
u>
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

114.  antimony

1 1 5.  arsenic

117.  beryllium

118.  cadmium

119.  chromium (total)

120.  copper

121.  cyanide (total)

122.  lead

123.  mercury

124.  nickel

125.  selenium

126.  silver

127.  thallium

128.  zinc
Stream
Code

987
987
987
987
987
987
987
987

987
987
987
987
987
9tt/
Sample
Typet

1
.. .1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/l)
Source

<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.05
<0.10
0.170
<0.02
<0.10

<0.002
0.20
<0.01
<0.002
<0.005
<0.05
Day 1 Day 2

<0.002
0.290
<0.02
<0.02
0.170
27.0
<0.02
<0.20

<0.002
0.10
<0.01
<0.002
<0.002
<0.02
w
n
f-S
Day 3§
Nj
H
O
1
G
O
1-3
M
0
*
cn
M
o
H
1
<






-------
                                    Table V-5 (Continued)

                                SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                             SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS POND EFFLUENT
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                                                                                             to

Pollutant

Nonconventionai Pollutants
acidity

alkalinity
chloride
u> fluoride
vo
a\
03 sulfate

total solids (TS)
Conventional Pollutants

oil and grease

total suspended solids (TSS)
pri (standard units)
Stream
Code


987

987
987
987

987

987


987

987
987
Sample
Typet


1

1
1
1

1

1


1

1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) g
Source


<1

61
12
0.43

130

330 1


<1

22
6.64
Day i


<1

880
25
0.41

18

,800


12

670
11.01
Day 2 Day 3 Q
e
IS
H
O
m
8
o
tj
w
n
o
Kj

w
o
H
1


tSample Type Code:  1 - Qne-tirae grab

-------
                                          Table V-6
                                SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                                ACID RECLAIM LEACHINO FILTRATE
                                 RAW WASTEUATER SAMPLING DATA

VD
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

114.  antimony

1 15.  arsenic

117.  beryllium

118.  cadmium

1 19.  chromium (total)

1 20.  copper

121.  cyanide (total)

122.  lead

123.  mercury

124.  nickel

1 25 .  selenium

126.  silver

127.  thallium

128.  zinc
Stream
Code

004
004

004

004


004
004
004

004

004
004
004
004
004
004
Sample
Typet

1
1

1

1


1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

<0.002
<0.005

<0.01

<0.05


<0.10
0.170
<0,02

<0.10

<0.002
0.20
<0.01
<0.002
<0.005
<0.05
Day 1 Day 2

<0.002
0.029

<0.020

<0.02


3.40
38.0
<0.02

<0.2

<0.002
49.0
<0.01
0.008
<0.002
0.26
en
W
8
Day 3§
K
H
O
M
OT
a
03
a
s
M
Q
O

cn
w
o
Hi
1
<






-------
                                    Table V-6  (Continued)

                                SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                                ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA

Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants
acidity

alkalinity
chloride

w fluoride
0 sulfate
total solids (TS)
Conventional Pollutants


oil and grease

total suspended solids (TSS)
pri (standard units)
Stream
Code


004

004
004

004
004
004



004

004
004
Sample
Typet


1

1
1

1
1
1



1

1
1
Concentrations (og/11 o
Source


«

61
12

0.43
130 1,
330 2,



<1

22
6.64
Day 1


<1

52
68

1.7
000
800



10

350
7.39
Day 2 Day 3g
o
s
2!
H
O
M
f
in
a
w
o
o
o
*
w
a
n

i
<

tSaraple Type Code:   1  - One-time grab

-------
                                          Table V-7
                                SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                          ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant:

Toxic Pollutants

114.  antimony

i15.  arsenic

117.  beryllium

118.  cadmium

119.  chromium (total)

120.  copper

121.  cyanide (total)

122.  lead

123.  mercury

124.  nickel

125.  selenium

126.  silver

127.  thallium

128.  zinc
                                                                                             en
                                                                                             M
Stream
Code

005
005
005
005
005

005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations ^mg/1)
Source

<0.002
<0.005
<0.01
<0.05
<0.10

0.170
<0.02
<0.10
<0.002
0.20
<0.01
<0.002
<0.005
<0.05
Day 1 Day 2

0.004
0.013
<0.02
<0.02
O.BB

60.0
<0.02
<0.2
<0.002
96.0
<0.01
o.ooa
<0.002
0.12
O
Day 3§
K
H
-I
SUBCATEGOI
K$

M
i
<






-------
                                    Table V-7 (Continued)

                                SECONDARY NICKEL SAMPLING DATA
                          ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                                                                                             w


Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample
Typet
Concentrations (rag/i) w
Source
Day 1
Day 2 Day 3 o
|
Nonconventional Pollutants §

acidity

alkalinity

chloride


fluoride
sulfate
total solids
Conventional





- — .





(TS)
Pollutants

oil and grease


total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard
units)

005

005

005


005
005
005


005

005
005

I

1

1


1
1
1


1

1
1

<1

61

12


0.43
130
330 3,


<1

22 2,
6.64

<1

51

22


1.7
98
760


9

900
6.61
K
2!
H
O
M
r1
w
c
w
o
>
w
1
*

M
O
I


tSample Type Code:   1  - One-time grab

-------
      SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
       SECT - V
            -0—»
Discharge
            "(^ ' *" Dischasg*
Non-scope VMCev*e«r
                       Equalization
                          task
                                                              'i » Discharge
                                     Sludge
                                     to Proc«3«
                            Figure V-l

        SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY NICKEL PLANT A
                              3973

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
   THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                   3974

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI



                           SECTION VI

                    SELECTION  OF POLLUTANTS


This  section examines chemical analysis presented in  Section  V
and  discusses the selection or exclusion of priority  pollutants
for  potential  limitation.   Conventional  and   nonconventional
pollutants  are  selected  or excluded  for  regulation  in  this
section.  The  basis  for  the  selection  of  toxic  and   other
pollutants,  along with a discussion of each  pollutant  selected
for  potential limitation, is discussed in Section VI of Vol.  I.
That  discussion  provides information about the  nature  of  the
pollutant  (i.e., whether it is a naturally occurring  substance,
processed  metal, or a manufactured compound),  general  physical
properties  and the form of the pollutant, toxic effects  of  the
pollutants  in  humans  and other animals, and  behavior  of .the
pollutant  in POTW at the concentrations expected  in  industrial
discharges.

The  discussion  that  follows describes the  analysis  that  was
performed  to select or exclude priority pollutants  for  further
consideration for limitations and standards.  The data from three
wastewater samples collected at one nickel plant were  considered
in  this   analysis.   All samples  are  raw  wastewater  samples
collected  on one day at one of the plants.  Pollutants  will  be
selected  for  further  consideration  if  they  are  present  in
concentrations  treatable by the technologies considered in  this
analysis.   In Sections IX through XII, a final selection of  the
pollutants to be limited will be made, based on relative factors.

CONVENTIONAL AND NONCQNVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED

This  study  examined samples from secondary  nickel  plants  for
conventional   pollutant  parameters  (oil  and   grease,   total
suspended  solids, and pH). The conventional and  nonconventional
pollutants  or  pollutant parameters selected for  limitation  in
this subcategory are:

     total suspended solids (TSS)
     PH

Total suspended solids (TSS)  concentrations in the three  samples
ranged  from  350  mg/1  to 16,000 mg/1.    All  of  the  observed
concentrations  are above the 2.6 mg/1  concentration  considered
achievable by identified treatment technology. Furthermore,  most
of  the  technologies  used  to remove  toxic  metals  do  so  by
converting  these metals to precipitates.   A limitation on  total
suspended   solids   ensures    that   sedimentation   to   remove
precipitated  toxic metals is effectively operating.    For  these
reasons, total suspended solids is a pollutant parameter selected
for limitation in this subcategory.

The  pH  values  observed ranged from  6.6  to  11.4.   Effective


                               3975

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


removal of toxic metals by precipitation requires careful control
of  pH.   Therefore   pH  is  selected  for  limitation  in  this
subcategory

TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

The  frequency  of  occurrence of the  toxic  pollutants  in  the
wastewater  samples considered in this analysis is  presented  in
Table  VI-1   (Page 3978). These data provide the  basis  for  the
categorization of specific pollutants, as discussed below.  Table
VI-1  is based on the raw wastewater sampling data  from  streams
986. 004. and 005. Stream 987 was sampled after settling and  was
not used in the frequency count.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

The  toxic pollutants listed in table VI-2 (page 3979)  were  not
detected  in  any raw wastewater samples from  this  subcategoryj
therefore,   they   are  not  selected   for   consideration   in
establishing limitations:


TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION

The priority pollutants listed below were never found above their
analytical quantification concentration in any wastewater samples
from  this  subcategory;  therefore, they are  not  selected  for
consideration in establishing effluent limitations and standards.

     114.  antimony
     117.  beryllium
     118.  cadmium
     121.  cyanide          :
     122.  lead             I
     123.  mercury          '
     125.  selenium
     126.  silver
     127.  thallium

TOXIC POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION _IN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS

The  toxic  pollutants  selected  for  further  consideration  in
establishing  limitations and standards for this subcategory  are
listed below:

     115.  arsenic
     119.  chromium
     120.  copper
     124.  nickel
     128,  zinc

Arsenic  was  detected above its  treatable  concentration  (0.34
mg/1)  in one of three samples.   The quantifiable  concentrations


                               3976

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


ranged  from 0.013 mg/1 to 0.93 mg/1.  Since arsenic was  present
in  concentrations  exceeding  the  concentration  achievable  by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.

Chromium  was  detected above its treatable  concentration  (0.07
mg/1) in three of three samples.  The quantifiable concentrations
ranged  from 0.88 mg/1 to 5.35 mg/1.  Since chromium was  present
in  concentrations  exceeding  the  concentration  achievable  by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.

Copper was detected above its treatable concentration (0.39 mg/1)
in  three  of  three samples.   The  quantifiable  concentrations
ranged  from 0.59 mg/1 to 60 mg/1.  Since copper was  present  in
concentrations   exceeding   the  concentration   achievable   by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.


Nickel was detected above its treatable concentration (0.22 mg/1)
in  three  of  three samples    The  quantifiable  concentrations
ranged  from  7.5 mg/1 to 96 mg/1.  Since nickel was  present  in
concentrations   exceeding'   the  concentration   achievable   by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.

Zinc  was detected above its treatable concentration (0.23  mg/1)
in one of three samples.  The quantifiable concentrations  ranged
from  0.12  mg/1  to  0.26  mg/1.   Since  zinc  was  present  in
concentrations   exceeding   the  concentration   achievable   by
identified treatment technology, it is selected for consideration
for limitation.
                               3977

-------
                                                     Table  Vl-t

                            FREQUENCY  OF  OCCURRENCE  OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
                                                  RAW WASTEWATER
Analytical
Quantification
Concentration
Pollutant («g/l)(a)


114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
£ 122.
-3 123.
00 124.
125.
126.
127.
128.


.






antlMuny
arsenic
beryl llin
cadnlun
chroiiun
cupper
cyanide (c)
lead
isercury
nickel
selaiium
silver
thallium
zinc
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)







0.100
0.010
o.oto
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
O.Oi
0.02
0.100
0.050
5.0
1.0





Treatable
Concentration
(mum

0.47
0.34
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23
10.0
2.6





(tidier of
Streams
Analyzed

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3





Number of Detected tie low
Samples tbt f^iantiflcatlon
Analyzed Detected Concentration


3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3







3
0
3
3
0
0
3
3
3
0
3
3
3
0
0
0





Detected
Below
Treatable
Concentration


0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0





W
w
o
o
3
Detected g
Above ^
Treatable K
Concent rat ionM


0
1
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
3





— *-t
H
O
!*!
M
•
w
c;
o

HI
O
o
gj
KJ


en
w
o
HI
i
H
(a)  Analytical quantification concentration MBS reported with the data (see Section V).

(b)  Treatable concentrations are based on performance of chemical precipitation, sedboentation, and filtration.

(c)  Analytical quantification ccncaitraticn for t£Hh Method 335.2, '(btal Cyanide (tecnods for Ihenicai Analysis of Water aid Wastes, £HA
    6QO/'i-79-0<;0,  Hircii

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


                TABLE VI-2

      TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED
  1.  acenaphthene*
  2.  acrolein*
  3.  acrylonitrile*
  4.  benzene*
  5.  benzedine*
  6.  carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)*
  7.  chlorobenzene*
  8.  1,2,4-thrichlorobenzene*
  9.  hexaehlorobenzene*
 10.  1,2,-dichloroethane*
 11.  1,1,1,-thrichloroethane*
 12.  hexachloroethane*
 13.  1,1-dichloroethane*
 14.  1,1,2-thrichloroethane*
 15.  1,1,2-tetrachloroethane*
 16.  chloroethane*
 17.  bis (chloromethyl) ether (deleted)*
 18.  bis (2-chloroethyl) ether*
 19.  2-chlordethyl vinyl ether (mixed)*
 20.  2-chloronaphthalene*
 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol*
 22.  para-chloro meta-cresol*
 23.  chloroform (trichloromethane)*
 24.  2-chlorophenol*
 25.  1f2-dichlorobenzene*
 26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene*
 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene*
 28.  3,3-dichlorobenzidine*
 29.  1,1-dichloroethylene*
 30.  1,2-trans-diehloroethylene*
 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol*
 32.  1,2-dichloropropane*
 33.  1,3-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)*
 34.  2,4-dimerhylphenol*
 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene*
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene*
 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine*
 38.  ethylbenzene*
 39.  fluoranrhene*
 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether*
 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether*
 42.  bis (2-chloroisopropyl)  ether*
 43.  bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane*
 44    methylene chloride (dichloromethane)*
 45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)*
 46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)*
 47.  bromoform (tribromomethane)*
 48.  dichlorobromomethane*
 49.  trichlorofluoromethane  (deleted)*
                    3979

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SDBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


          TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

      TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 50.  dichlorodifluororaethane (deleted)*
 51.  chlorodibromoxnerhane*
 52.  hexachlorobutadiene*
 53.  hexachlorocyclopenradiene*
 54.  isophorone*
 55.  naphthalene*
 56.  nitrobenzene*
 57.  2-nitrophenol*
 58.  4-nitrophenol*
 59.  2,4-dinitrophenol*
 60.  4,5-dinirro-o-eresol*
 61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine*
 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine*
 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine*
 64.  pentachlorophenol*
 65.  phenol*
 66.  bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate*
 67.  buryl benzyl phthalate*
 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate*
 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate*
 70.  diethyl phthalate*
 71.  dimethyl phthalare*
 72.  benzo (a) anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)*
 73.  benzo (a) pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)*
 74.  3,4-benzofluoranthene*
 75.  benzo (k) fluoranthene*
 76.  chrysene*
 77.  acenaphthylene*
 78.  anthracene*
 79.  benzo (ghi) perylene (1,12-benzoperylene)*
 80.  fluorene*
 81.  phenanthrene*
 82.  dibenzo (a,h) anthracene (1,2 5ro-dibenzanthracene)*
 83.  ideno (Ir2,3-cd)  pyrene (2,3,-o-phenylenepyrene)*
 84,  pyrene*
 85.  tetrachloroethylene*
 86.  roluene.
 87.  trichloroethylene*
 88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)*
 89.  aldrin*
 90.  dieldrin*
 91.  chlordan'e (technical mixture and metabolites)*
 92.  4,4'-DDT*
 93.  4,4'-DDE (p,p'DDX)*
 94.  4,4'-ODD (p,p'TDE)*
 95.  Alpha-endosulfah*
 96.  Beta-endosulfan*
 97.  endosulfan sulfate*
 98.  endrin*
 99.  endrin aldehyde*
                    3980

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI


                     TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

                 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

           100.  heptachlor*
           101.  heptachlor epoxide*
           102.  Alpha-8HC*
           103.  Beta-BHC*
           104.  Gamma-BBC (lindane)*
           105.  Delta-BHC*
           106.  PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)*
           107.  PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1254)*
           108.  PCB.12-21 (Arochlor 1221)*
           109.  PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)*
           110.  PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)*
           111.  PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260)*
           112.  PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)*
           113.  toxaphene *
           116.  asbestos
           129.  2,3,7r8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p~dioxin (TCDD)

*The  Agency did not analyze for these pollutants in  samples  of
raw  wastewater from this subcategory.  These pollutants are  not
believed  to  be present based on the Agency's  best  engineering
judgment  which  includes  consideration  of  raw  materials  and
process operations.
                               3981

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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VI
    THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                    3982

-------
         SECONDARY  NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT  - VII


                          • SECTION VII

                CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the  sources,
flows,  and  characteristics of the  wastewaters  from  secondary
nickel plants.  This section summarizes the description of  these
wastewaters  and indicates the treatment technologies  which  are
currently practiced in the secondary nickel subcategory for  each
waste  stream.  Secondly, this section presents the  control  and
treatment  technology options which were examined by  the  Agency
for possible application to the secondary nickel subcategory.

CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

This  section  presents a summary of the  control  and  treatment
technologies  that  are currently being applied to  each  of  the
sources generating wastewater in this subcategory.  As  discussed
in  Section  V, wastewater associated with the  secondary  nickel
subcategory  is characterized by the presence of the toxic  metal
pollutants  and suspended solids.  This analysis is supported  by
the  raw  (untreated)  wastewater  data  presented  for  specific
sources  as  well  as  combined  waste  streams  in  Section   V.
Generally,  these  pollutants are present in each  of  the  waste
streams  at  concentrations above treatability, and  these  waste
streams are commonly combined for treatment.  Construction of one
wastewater treatment system for combined treatment allows  plants
to  take  advantage of economic scale and in  some  instances  to
combine  streams  of  different alkalinity  to  reduce  treatment
chemical  requirements.   The  one  discharging  plant  in   this
subcategory currently has a combined wastewater treatment  system
treating  nickel forming and acid reclaim wastewater,  consisting
of  lime precipitation and sedimentation.  Two options have  been
selected  for  consideration for NSPS and pretreatment  based  on
combined treatment of these compatible waste streams.

SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS

Slag or dross from a nickel smelting furnace may be reclaimed for
its nickel values with a wet granulation operation.  The tailings
generated  by  this operation are discharged to a  railings  pond
where  solids  are  settled.  The  tailings  pond  overflows  and
discharges  to  a  POTW.  The tailings pond  acts  as  a  primary
settling  unit, and no additional treatment is performed on  this
wastewater.   One plant has this waste stream and treatment.   The
raw waste is characterized by toxic metals and suspended solids.

ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE

After  nickel  is  precipitated from spent  pickling  acids  with
sodium carbonate and roasted to produce nickel oxide, the  nickel
oxide  is  leached  with  water to  remove  impurities  and  then
dewatered  on a belt filter.  One plant discharges the  resultant
leaching filtrate without treatment to a POTW.
                               3983

-------
          SECONDARY  NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT  - VII


ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH

In the acid reclaim process, after the dewatered nickel oxide  is
scraped   from  the  belt filter, the filter  is  backwashed  with
water.    The  resultant backwash water is treated as  a  combined
waste  stream  along with nickel forming wastewaters  in  a  lime
precipitation and sedimentation system prior to discharge.

Recycle   is not practiced on these three wastewater  streams  and
all  are   indirectly  discharged.   All  have  toxic  metals  and
suspended solids above treatable concentrations.

CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

The Agency examined two control and treatment technology  options
that  are applicable to the secondary  nickel  subcategory.  The
options   selected  for  evaluation  represent  a  combination  of
preliminary treatment technologies applicable to individual waste
streams and end-of-pipe treatment technologies. The effectiveness
of these  technologies is presented in Section VII of the  General
Development Document.

OPTION A

Option  A for the secondary nickel subcategory  requires  control
and treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of  wastewater
pollutant mass.

The Option A treatment scheme consists of chemical  precipitation
and  sedimentation technology.  Specifically, lime or some  other
chemical   is used to precipitate metal ions as metal  hydroxides.
The  metal hydroxides and suspended solids settle  out  and  the
sludge  is collected.   Vacuum filtration  is  used  to  dewater
sludge.

Slag reclaim and acid reclaim wastewaters are treated  separately
because of economic considerations.

OPTION C

Option  C for the secondary nickel subcategory consists  of  all
control    and  treatment  requirements  of  Option  A   (chemical
precipitation  and sedimentation, separate treatment of slag  and
acid  reclaim wastewater) plus multimedia  filtration  technology
added  at  the end of the Option A treatment  scheme.   Multimedia
filtration  is  used  to  remove  suspended  solids    including
precipitates  of metals, beyond the concentration  attainable  by
gravity   sedimentation.  The filter suggested is of the  gravity,
mixed-media type, although other forms of filters, such as  rapid
sand  filters or pressure filters would  perform  satisfactorily.
The  addition of filters also provides consistent removal  during
periods   of time in which there are rapid increases in  flows  or
loadings  of pollutants to the treatment system.
                               3984

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII



                          SECTION VIII

           COSTS, ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS


This  section  presents  a summary of compliance  costs  for  the
secondary  nickel subcategory and a description of the  treatment
options  and  subcategory-specific assumptions  used  to  develop
these estimates.  Together with the estimated pollutant reduction
performance presented in Sections XI and XII of this  supplement,
these  cost  estimates  provide  a  basis  for  evaluating   each
regulatory  option.   These  cost  estimates  are  also  used  in
determining  the  probable economic impact of regulation  on  the
subcategory   at  different  pollutant  discharge   levels.    In
addition,  this section addresses nonwater quality  environmental
impacts   of  wastewater  treatment  and  control   alternatives,
including  air pollution, solid wastes, and energy  requirements,
which are specific to the secondary nickel subcategory.

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES

As  discussed  in Section VII, two treatment  options  have  been
developed  for existing secondary nickel sources.  The  treatment
schemes  for each option are summarized below  and  schematically
presented in Figures Xl-1 and XI-2 (pages 4002 - 4003).

OPTION A

Option  A  consists of chemical precipitation  and  sedimentation
end-of-pipe   technology.   Slag  reclaim  tailings  is   treated
separately from acid reclaim wastewater.

OPTION C

Option  C  consists  of  Option  A  (chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation,  and separate treatment of slag and  acid  reclaim
wastewater) with the addition of multimedia filtration to the end
of the Option A treatment scheme.

COST METHODOLOGY

Plant-by-plant   compliance  costs  for  the  nonferrous   metals
manufacturing  category  have  been  revised  following . proposal
because  of  new  flow  and  production  data  for  slag  reclaim
wastewater  received through industry comments.   These  revisions
calculate  incremental costs, above treatment already  in  place,
necessary to comply with the promulgated effluent limitations and
standards   and  are  presented  in  the  administrative   record
supporting this regulation.   A comparison of the costs  developed
for  proposal and the revised costs for the final regulation  are
presented  in  Table  VIII-1 (Page 3989)  for  the  one  indirect
discharger in the secondary nickel subcategory.  Each  subcategory
contains  a  unique  set  of  waste  streams  requiring   certain
subcategory-specific  assumptions   to develop  compliance  costs.


                               3985

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII


The  major  assumptions  relevant  to  cost  estimates  for   the
secondary nickel subcategory are discussed briefly below.

     (1)  Compliance costs are based on integrated  treatment  of
     the  two acid reclaim waste streams (with  forming  streams)
     and separate treatment of the slag reclaim tailings  stream.
     Costs  attributable to treating the streams associated  with
     acid  reclaim  operations at this plant are  based  on  flow
     weighting the integrated treatment costs.

     (2)  The slag reclaim tailings stream is not recycled at BAT
     since  recycling is not demonstrated on this  waste  stream.
     Plant operation shows that numerous attempts have been  made
     to recycle this stream without success.

     (3)  Costs of treating the slag reclaim railings stream  are
     based  on  primary settling and removal of the  majority  of
     settleable  solids in the existing lagoon prior to  entering
     chemical    precipitation.    Chemical   precipitation    is
     accomplished  using sulfuric acid as the precipitant  rather
     than lime due to the high pH of the influent (pH 11).

NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

A  general  discussion  of the nonwater quality  aspects  of  the
control  and  treatment  options considered  for  the  nonferrous
metals  category  is  contained in Section VIII  of  the  General
Development  Document.  Nonwater quality impacts specific to  the
secondary  nickel  subcategory,  including  energy  requirements,
solid waste and air pollution are discussed below.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The methodology used for determining the energy requirements;  for
the  various options is discussed in Section VIII of the  General
Development   Document.    Energy  requirements   for   the   two
options  considered  are estimated at 89,000 kwh/yr  and  112,000
kwh/yr  for Options A and C, respectively.  Option  C  represents
less  than  one percent of a typical  plant's  electrical  energy
usage.  It is therefore concluded that the energy requirements of
the  treatment  options considered will not  have  a  significant
impact on total plant energy consumption.

SOLID WASTE

Sludge  generated in the secondary nickel subcategory is  due  to
the  precipitation of metal hydroxides and carbonates using  lime
or  sulfuric acid.  Sludges associated with the secondary  nickel
subcategory  will necessarily contain quantities of  toxic  metal
pollutants.   Wastes generated by secondary metal industries  can
be  regulated  as hazardous.  However, the  Agency  examined  the
solid  wastes  that would be generated  at  secondary  nonferrous
metals   manufacturing   plants  by   the   suggested   treatment
technologies,  and believes they are not hazardous  wastes  under
the  Agency's  regulations  implementing  Section  3001  of   the


                               3986

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII


Resource  Conservation  and Recovery Act.  The one  exception  to
this  is solid wastes generated by cyanide precipitation.   These
sludges  are  expected  to be hazardous  and  this  judgment  was
included  in  this  study.  None of the  non-cyanide  wastes  are
listed specifically as hazardous.  Nor are they likely to exhibit
a characteristic of hazardous waste.  This judgment is made based
on   the  recommended  technology  of  lime   precipitation   and
filtration.   By  the addition of a small excess of  lime  during
treatment,  similar  sludges, specifically  toxic  metal  bearing
sludges, generated by other industries such as the iron and steel
industry passed the Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity test.  See
40  CFR  $261.24. Thus, the Agency believes that  the  wastewater
sludges  will  similarly  not  be EP  toxic  if  the  recommended
technology is applied.

Although it is the Agency's view that solid wastes generated as a
result  of  these guidelines are not expected  to  be  hazardous,
generators  of these wastes must test the waste to  determine  if
the  wastes  meet any of the characteristics of  hazardous  waste
(see 40 CFR $262.11).

If these wastes identified should be or are listed as  hazardous,
they  will  come  within the scope of RCRA's  "cradle  to  grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point  of  generation  to .point  of  final  disposition.   EPA's
generator   standards  would  require  generators  of   hazardous
nonferrous metals manufacturing wastes to meet  containerization,
labeling,  recordkeeping, and reporting requirements;  if  plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site, they would have to  prepare
a manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from  the
generator's premises to a permitted off-site treatment,  storage,
or  disposal facility.  See 40 CFR $262.20 [45 FR 33142 (May  19,
1980),  as  amended  at 45 FR 86973 (December  31,  1980)].   The
transporter  regulations require transporters of hazardous  waste
to comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes  are
delivered  to  a permitted facility.  See 40 CFR $263.20  [45  FR
33151  (May  19, 1980), as amended at 45 FR 86973  (December  31,
1980)].   Finally,  RCRA  regulations  establish  standards   for
hazardous  waste  treatment,  storage,  and  disposal  facilities
allowed to receive such wastes.  See 40 CFR Part 464 [46 FR  2802
(January 12, 1981), 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982)].

Even if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they  still
must  be  disposed  of in compliance with  the  Subtitle  D  open
dumping  standards, implementing S4004 of RCRA.  See 44 FR  53438
(September  13, 1979).  The Agency has calculated as part of  the
costs for wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and  disposing
of  these  wastes.         '

The  Agency  estimates that the promulgated PSES  regulation  for
secondary  nickel  manufacturing  facilities  will  generate  423
metric  tons of solid wastes (wet basis) in 1982 as a  result  of
wastewater treatment.

AIR POLLUTION
                               3987

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII
There is no reason to believe that any substantial air  pollution
problems   will   result   from   implementation   of    chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation, and multimedia filtration.   These
technologies  transfer  pollutants  to solid waste  and  are  not
likely to transfer pollutants to air.
                               3988

-------
                                     Table  VIII-1



               COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY  NICKEL  SUBCATEGORY

                                 INDIRECT DISCHARGERS



                                 (March, 1982  Dollars)

                                                                                          w
                                                                                          M
                                                                                          O
                         Proposal Coats  _    _ Promulgation Costs _            S

       Option     Capital Cost     Annual Cost    Capital^Coit     Annual Cost            o



         A          286,137           119,339         320,100          161,200              *
                                                                                          25

         C          341,274           147,750         387,300          196,200              o
                   (286,549)*        (119,616)*       (320,500)*        (161,500)*
                                                                                          w
                                                                                          a
                                                                                          w

                                                                                          >

                                                                                          w
                                                                                          Q
                                                                                          O
                                                                                          o


                                                                                           I

                                                                                          <
*These costs represent  Option  C  without  filtration  for  slag  reclaim  tailings.

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY  SECT - VIII
    THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                     3990

-------
           SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX




                           SECTION IX

     BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
The  plants within the secondary nickel subcategory were  studied
as  to their wastewater disposal practices and it was  determined
that BPT and BAT are not applicable to this subcategory.  This is
because  there are no direct dischargers of  process  wastewater.
The  secondary nickel subcategory is regulated under  New  Source
Performance Standards in Section XI and Pretreatment Standards in
Section XII.
             SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X


                            SECTION X

        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
As  described  in  Section  IX,  BAT is  not  applicable  to  the
secondary  nickel subcategory because none of the plants  in  the
subcategory directly discharge any wastewater to surface  waters.
Regulation  of  the secondary nickel subcategory  is  covered  in
Section XI under New Source Performance Standards and Section XII
under Pretreatment Standards.
                               3991

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SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - X
       THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                       3992

-------
        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI




                           SECTION XI

                NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS


This   section  describes  the  technologies  for  treatment   of
wastewater from new sources and presents mass discharge standards
for  regulated  pollutants  for  NSPS  in  the  secondary  nickel
subcategory,  based  on the selected  treatment  technology.  The
basis  for  new source performance standards (NSPS) is  the  best
available  demonstrated' technology (BDT).  New plants  have  the
opportunity  to  design the best and  most  efficient  production
processes  and wastewater treatment technologies  without  facing
the  added costs and restrictions encountered in retrofitting  an
existing   plant.   Therefore,  EPA  has  considered   the   best
demonstrated process changes, in-plant controls, and  end-of-pipe
treatment  technologies  which reduce pollution  to  the  maximum
extent feasible.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS

New source performance standards are based on the most  effective
and  beneficial  technologies currently  available.   The  Agency
reviewed and evaluated a wide range of technology options for new
sources.  The Agency elected to examine two  technology  options.
applied to combined wastewater streams, which could be applied to
the secondary nickel subcategory as alternatives for the basis of
NSPS.

Treatment  technologies  considered  for  the  NSPS  options  are
summarized below:

OPTION A (Figure XI-1, page 4000) is based on:

  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
  Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater

OPTION C (Figure XI-2, page 4001) is based on:

  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
  Multimedia filtration
  Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater

As explained in Section IV, the secondary nickel subcategory  has
been  subdivided  into  three  potential  wastewater  sources  or
building  blocks.   Since  the water use.  discharge  rates,   and
pollutant  characteristics  of  each  of  these  wastewaters   is
potentially  unique, effluent limitations will  be  developed  for
each of the three subdivisions.

For each of the building blocks  a specific approach was followed
for the development of NSPS.   The first requirement to  calculate
these   limitations  is  to  account  for  production  and   flow


                               3993

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SOBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


variability from plant to plant.  Therefore, a unit of production
or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was determined for each
waste  stream  which could then be related to the flow  from  the
process to determine a production normalized flow.  Selection  of
the PNP for each process element is discussed in Section IV. Each
plant within the subcategory was then analyzed to determine which
subdivisions were present, specific flow rates generated for each
subdivision,  and  the specific production normalized  flows  for
each  subdivision.   This  analysis is  discussed  in  detail  in
Section  V.   Nonprocess wastewater such as rainfall  runoff  and
noncontact cooling water is not considered in the analysis.

Production normalized flows for each subdivision were analyzed to
determine  which  flow was to be used as part of  the  basis  for
NSPS.   The  selected  flow  (sometimes referred  to  as  a  NSPS
regulatory  flow or NSPS discharge flow) reflected the water  use
controls which are common practice within the industry, The  NSPS
normalized  flow is based on the average of all applicable  data.
Nothing  was  found  to indicate that the  wastewater  flows  and
characteristics of new plants would not be similar to those  from
existing plants, since the processes used by new sources are  not
expected to differ from those used at existing sources.

The  second  requirement  to  calculate  new  source  performance
standards  is  the set of concentrations that are  achievable  by
application  of  NSPS  level treatment  technology.  Section  VII
discusses  the various control and treatment  technologies  which
are currently in place for each wastewater source. In most cases,
the  current  control  and  treatment  technologies  consist   of
chemical  precipitation  and  sedimentation  (lime  and   settle)
technology.

Using theses regulatory flows and the achievable  concentrations,
the  next step is to calculate mass loadings for each  wastewater
source  by  subdivision or building block. This  calculation  was
made on a stream by stream basis primarily because plants in this
subcategory may perform one or more of the operations in  various
combinations.  The  mass loadings (milligrams  of  pollutant  per
metric  ton  — mg/kkg) were calculated by multiplying  the  NSPS
regulatory  flow (1/kkg) by the concentration achievable  by  the
NSPS  level  of treatment technology (mg/1)  for  each  pollutant
parameter  limited under NSPS. These mass loadings are  published
in  the Federal Register and in 40 CFR part 421 as  the  effluent
limitations.

The  mass  loadings which are allowed under NSPS for  each  plant
will  be the sum of the individual mass loadings for the  various
wastewater   sources  which  are  found  at  particular   plants.
Accordingly,  all the wastewater generated within a plant may  be
combined  for treatment in a single or common  treatment  system,
but  the effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters  are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to  the combined flow.  This method accounts for the  variety  of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which
may be found at secondary nickel plants.


                               3994

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass  rather than concentration.  This approach prevents the  use
of  dilution as a treatment method (except for  controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized  wastewater flow (1/kkg)  is  a  link
between  the production operations and the effluent  limitations.
The  pollutant  discharge attributable to each operation  can  be
calculated  from the normalized flow and  effluent  concentration
achievable  by the treatment technology and summed to  derive  an
appropriate limitation for each subcategory.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

As one means of evaluating each technology option, EPA  developed
estimates  of  the  pollutant removal and  the  compliance  costs
associated with each option.  Since there are no existing  direct
dischargers  in the secondary nickel subcategory,  the  estimated
pollutant  removal  analysis was only carried  out  for  indirect
dischargers.

A  complete description of the methodology used to calculate  the
estimated   pollutant  removal,  or  benefit,  achieved  by   the
application  of  the various treatment options  is  presented  in
Section  X of Vol. I.  Sampling data collected during  the  field
sampling  program  were  used to  characterize  the  major  waste
streams considered for regulation.  At each sampled facility, the
sampling  data was production normalized for each unit  operation
(i.e.,   mass  of  pollutant  generated  per  mass   of   product
manufactured).   This  value, referred to as the raw  waste,  was
used  to estimate the mass of toxic pollutants  generated  within
the   secondary  nickel  subcategory.   The   pollutant   removal
estimates were calculated for each plant by first estimating  the
total  mass of each pollutant in the untreated wastewater.   This
was  calculated by first multiplying the raw waste values by  the
corresponding  production value for that stream and then  summing
these values for each pollutant for every stream generated by the
plant.

The volume of wastewater discharged after the application of each
treatment  option was estimated for each operation at each  plant
by  comparing the actual discharge to the regulatory  flow.   The
smaller of the two values was selected and summed with the  other
plant flows.  The mass of pollutant discharged was then estimated
by  multiplying  the achievable concentration  values  attainable
with  the  option  (mg/1)  by the  estimated  volume  of  process
wastewater discharged by the subcategory.  The mass of  pollutant
removed is the difference between the estimated mass of pollutant
generated  within  the  subcategory and  the  mass  of  pollutant
discharged  after  application  of  the  treatment  option.   The
pollutant  removal  estimates  for indirect  dischargers  in  the
secondary  nickel  subcategory have been revised  since  proposal
based on new flow and production data and are presented in  Table
XII-1 (Page 4009) .
                               J995

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI
COMPLIANCE COSTS

In  estimating subcategory-wide compliance costs, the first  step
was to develop a cost estimation model, relating the total  costs
associated   with  installation  and  operation   of   wastewater
treatment  technologies to plant process  wastewater,  discharge.
EPA applied the model to each plant.  The plant's investment  and
operating costs are determined by what treatment it has in  place
and  by  its individual process wastewater  discharge  flow.   As
discussed  above,  this  flow is either the actual  or  the  NSPS
regulatory  flow,  whichever is lesser.  The final  step  was  to
annualize  the capital costs, and to sum the  annualized  capital
costs   and the operating and maintenance costs for  each  plant,
yielding   the  cost  of  compliance  for  the  subcategory.    A
comparison  of the costs developed for proposal and  the  revised
costs  for promulgation is presented in Table XII-2 (Page  4010).
These costs were used in assessing economic achievability.

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA  proposed that NSPS for the secondary nickel  subcategory  be
based  on  Option C, chemical precipitation,  sedimentation,  and
multimedia filtration.  Filtration was proposed for acid  reclaim
leaching filtrate and acid reclaim leaching belt filter backwash,
but  not for slag reclaim tailings.  Filtration was not  proposed
for slag reclaim tailings wastewater because it was not found  to
be cost effective.

The  wastewater  flow  rates  for NSPS  were  equivalent  to  the
proposed  PSES  flow  rates.  Flow reduction  measures  were  not
considered  feasible  for  the waste streams  generated  in  this
subcategory.

NSPS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

We  are  promulgating NSPS for the secondary  nickel  subcategory
based on Option A, chemical precipitation and sedimentation.  The
end-of-pipe treatment configuration for the NSPS option  selected
is presented in Figure XI-3 (Page 4011).  It was determined  that
filtration for slag reclaim tailings and acid reclaim  wastewater
would  not  remove  much additional pollutants  beyond  lime  and
settle treatment, and therefore, is not justified.

The  pollutants  and pollutant  parameters  specifically  limited
under  NSPS are chromium, copper, nickel, total suspended  solids
and  pH.  The  toxic  pollutants  arsenic  and  zinc  were   also
considered  for regulation because they are present at  treatable
concentrations  in  the raw wastewaters  from  this  subcategory.
These  pollutants  were  not  selected  for-specific   regulation
because  they will be effectively controlled when  the  regulated
toxic  metals are treated to the levels achievable by  the  model
technology.

Promulgated NSPS technology and discharge rates are equivalent to
promulgated PSES technology and discharge rates. Because NSPS  is


                               3996

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


equal to PSES, we believe that the promulgated NSPS will not have
a  detrimental  impact  on  the entry of  new  plants  into  this
subcategory.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A NSPS discharge rate is calculated for each subdivision based on
the  average of the flows of the existing plants,  as  determined
from  analysis  of  dcp.   The discharge rate is  used  with  the
achievable  treatment concentrations to determine  NSPS  effluent
limitations.  Since the discharge rate may be different for  each
wastewater source, separate production normalized discharge rates
for each of the three wastewater sources are discussed below  and
summarized in Table XI - 1 (Page 4002).   The discharge rates are
normalized  on  a  production basis by  relating  the  amount  of
wastewater generated to the mass of the product which is produced
by the process associated with the wastewater stream in question.
These production normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are also listed
in Table XI - 1.

Section  V of this document further describes the discharge  flow
rates  and presents water use and discharge flow rates  for  each
plant by subdivision in Tables V - 1 through V - 3 (Pages 3962  -
3964).

SLAG RECLAIM TAILINGS

NSPS wastewater discharge allowance at proposal for slag  reclaim
tailings was 85,600 1/kkg (20,513 gal/ton) of slag reclaim nickel
produced.   The NSPS allowances were based on the discharge  rate
at the only plant reporting this stream. Since proposal, industry
comments  which included flow and production information  enabled
EPA to recalculate the production normalized flow.   In addition,
industry  comments  prompted  EPA to  reconsider  the  production
normalizing  parameter  for  this  stream.   Based  on  the   new
information submitted, EPA  concluded that the generation of slag
reclaim  tailings  wastewater  is related  more  closely  to  raw
material  input  to the reclaim process than to the  quantity  of
nickel produced from the process.

The NSPS wastewater discharge allowance used at promulgation  for
slag  reclaim  tailings is 12,848 1/kkg (3,079 gal/ton)   of  slag
input  to the reclaim process.   This rate is allocated  only  for
those  plants  that reclaim nickel from slag  generated  in  melt
furnaces  with  a wet granulation process.   The  water  use  and
wastewater  discharge  rates are presented in Table V -  1  (Page
3962) .

ACID RECLAIM LEACHING FILTRATE

The  NSPS wastewater discharge allowance used for  both  proposal
and  promulgation  for acid reclaim leaching  filtrate  is  4,995
1/kkg (1,197 gal/ton) of acid reclaim nickel produced.   This rate
is allocated only for those plants that reclaim nickel from spent
acids,  pickling  wastes,   and wastewater  treatment  sludges  by


                               3997

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


precipitation  or  nickel  carbonate,  followed  by  roasting  to
produce nickel oxide and leaching with water.  The water use  and
wastewater  discharge  rates are presented in Table V -  2  (Page
3963).

ACID RECLAIM LEACHING BELT FILTER BACKWASH

The NSPS wastewater discharge allowance used at both proposal and
promulgation  for acid reclaim leaching belt filter  backwash  is
1,199 1/kkg (287 gal/ton) of acid reclaim nickel produced.   This
rate is allocated only for those plants that reclaim nickel  from
spent acids, pickling wastes, and wastewater treatment sludges as
explained above, and clean the belt filter with water.  The water
use  and wastewater discharge rates are presented in Table V -  3
(Page 3964).

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations form individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as  a whole were  examined  to  select  certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.   This  examination   and
evaluation  was  presented  in  Section  VI.   A  total  of  five
pollutants  or pollutant parameters are selected  for  limitation
under NSPS and are listed below:


          119.  chromium
          120.  copper
          124.  nickel
                TSS
                pH

The  Agency  has  chosen  not  to  regulate  all  five   priority
pollutants selected in Section VI for further consideration.
                            i
The  high  cost  associated  with  analysis  for  priority  metal
pollutants has prompted EPA to develop an alternative method  for
regulating and monitoring priority pollutant discharges from  the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category.  Rather than developing
specific effluent mass limitations and standards for each of  the
priority  metals found above treatable concentrations in the  raw
wastewater  from a given subcategory, the Agency is  promulgating
effluent mass limitations ohly for those pollutants generated  in
the  greatest  quantities  as  shown  by  the  pollutant  removal
analysis.

By  establishing limitations and standards for  certain  priority
metal  pollutants,  dischargers will attain the  same  degree  of
control  over priority metal pollutants as they would  have  been
required  to  achieve  had all the toxic  metal  pollutants  been
directly limited.

This  approach  is  technically  justified  since  the  treatable
concentrations used for chemical precipitation and  sedimentation
technology  are  based  on optimized  treatment  for  concomitant


                               3998

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT -r XI


multiple metals removal.  Thus, even though metals have  somewhat
different theoretical solubilities, they will be removed at  very
nearly   the   same  rate  in  a   chemical   precipitation   and
sedimentation  treatment  system  operated  for  multiple  metals
removal.

NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The  pollutant  concentrations achievable by application  of  the
NSPS technology are discussed in Section VII of this  supplement.
These achievable concentrations (both one day maximum and monthly
average  values) are multiplied by the NSPS normalized  discharge
flows summarized in Table XI-1 (Page 4000) to calculate the  mass
of pollutants allowed to be discharged per mass of product.   The
results  of  these calculations in milligrams  of  pollutant  per
kilogram   of  product  represent  the  new  source   performance
standards  and are presented in Table XI-2 (Page 4001)  for  each
individual building block.
                               3999

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
             SECT - XI
                           TABLE XI-1
             NSPS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
                  SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
  Building Block
Slag Reclaim Tailings
Acid reclaim Leaching
Filtrate
Acid Reclaim Leaching
Belt Filter Backwash
   NSPS Normalized
    Discharge Rate
 (1/kkg)    (gal/ton)
12,848
 4,995
 1,199
3,079
1,197
  287
  Production
  Normalizing
  Parameter
slag input to
reclaim process
acid reclaim
nickel produced
acid reclaim
nickel produced
                               4000

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        SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY   SECT - XI


                           TABLE XI-2

            NSPS FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY

(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of slag input to reclaim process

 Arsenic                     26.850              11.950
*Chromium                     5.653               2.313
*Copper                   ;   24.410              12.850
*Nickel                      24.670              16.320
 Zinc                        18.760               7.837
*TSS                        526.800             250.500
*pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Arsenic                  !   10.440               4.645
*Chromium                     2.198               0.899
*Copper                       9.491               4.995
*Nickel                   '    9.590               6.344
 Zinc                         7.293               3.047
*TSS                        204.800              97.400
*pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Arsenic                      2.506               1.115
*Chromium                     0.528               0.216
*Copper                       2.278               1.199
*Nickel                       2.302               1.523
 Zinc                         1.751               0.731
*TSS                         49.160              23.380
*pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


*Regulated Pollutant
                               4001

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                                  NSPS  TKEATMKNT SCHKMK  FOR OPTION A

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          SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII



                           SECTION XII

                     PRETREATMENT STANDARDS


This section describes the control and treatment technologies for
pretreatment of process wastewaters from existing sources and new
sources  in the secondary nickel subcategory.  PSES are  designed
to  prevent  the  discharge of  pollutants  which  pass  through,
interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with the  operation
of  publicly owned treatment works (POTW).  The Clean  Water  Act
requires pretreatment for pollutants, such as toxic metals,  that
limit   POTW  sludge  management  alternatives.    New   indirect
discharge facilities, like new direct discharge facilities,  have
the  opportunity to incorporate the best  available  demonstrated
technologies,  including process changes, in-plant controls,  and
end-of-pipe  treatment  technologies,  and  to  use  plant   site
selection  to  ensure  adequate  treatment  system  installation.
Pretreatment  standards are to be technology based, analogous  to
the best available or best demonstrated technology for removal of
toxic pollutants.

Pretreatment  standards  for regulated pollutants  are  presented
based on the selected control and treatment technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO PRETREATMENT

Before  proposing  or promulgating  pretreatment  standards,  the
Agency examines whether the pollutants discharged by the industry
pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW operation or its
chosen   sludge  disposal  practices.   In  determining   whether
pollutants pass through a well-operated POTW achieving  secondary
treatment,  the  Agency compares the percentage  of  a  pollutant
removed by POTW with the percentage removed by direct dischargers
applying the best available technology economically achievable.  A
pollutant  is  deemed to pass through the POTW when  the  average
percentage  removed  nationwide  by  well-operated  POTW  meeting
secondary  treatment  requirements, is less than  the  percentage
removed  by  direct  dischargers  complying  with  BAT   effluent
limitations guidelines for that pollutant.

This   definition  of  pass  through  satisfies   two   competing
objectives   set   by  Congress  that  standards   for   indirect
dischargers  be equivalent to standards for  direct  dischargers,
while at the same time, the treatment capability and  performance
of  the POTW be recognized and taken into account  in  regulating
the discharge of pollutants from indirect dischargers.

The  Agency compares percentage removal rather than the  mass  or
concentration  of pollutants discharged because the latter  would
not  take into account the mass of pollutants discharged  to  the
POTW   from  non-industrial  sources   or  the  dilution  of   the
pollutants  in the POTW effluent to lower concentrations  due  to
the addition of large amounts of non-industrial wastewater.


                               4005

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          SECONDARY NICKEL SDBCATEGORY    SECT - XII
INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

The  industry  cost  and  pollutant  removal  estimates  of  each
treatment  option were used to determine the most  cost-effective
option.  The methodology applied in calculating pollutant removal
estimates and plant compliance costs is discussed in Section  XI.
The  compliance costs and pollutant removal estimates  have  been
recalculated since proposal based on new flow and production data
for  the slag reclaim tailings stream obtained  through  industry
comments.   Table XII-1 (Page 4009) shows the  revised  pollutant
removal  estimates  for indirect dischargers.   A  comparison  of
proposal   and   promulgation  compliance  costs   for   indirect
dischargers is presented in Table XII-2 (Page 4010).

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES

Options  for pretreatment of wastewaters from both  existing  and
new sources are based on increasing the effectiveness of  end-of-
pipe treatment technologies.'  All in-plant changes and applicable
end-of-pipe treatment processes have been discussed previously in
Section  XI.  The options for PSNS and PSES, therefore,  are  the
same  as the NSPS options discussed in Section XI. A  description
of each option is presented in Section XI.

Treatment technologies considered for the PSES and PSNS options
are:

    OPTION A

         o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
         o  Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater

    OPTION C

         o  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
         o  Multimedia filtration
         o  Separate treatment of slag reclaim tailings wastewater

PSES OPTION SELECTION  PROPOSAL

EPA  proposed PSES for the secondary nickel subcategory based  on
Option  C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and  multimedia
filtration).   Filtration was proposed for acid reclaim  leaching
filtrate  and acid reclaim leaching filter backwash  wastewaters,
but  not  for slag reclaim tailings wastewater.   Filtration  for
slag  reclaim  tailings  wastewater  was not  found  to  be  cost
effective.

Implementation of the proposed PSES limitations was estimated  to
remove  1,113  kilograms  of  toxic  metal  pollutants  annually.
Capital and annual costs of $286,549 and $119,616 (1982 dollars),
respectively,  were  estimated in order to achieve  the  proposed
PSES.
                               4006

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          SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


PSES OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA is promulgating PSES for this subcategory based on Option  A,
chemical  precipitation  and sedimentation.  Filtration  was  not
found  to  be  cost  effective  for  any  subdivisions  in   this
subcategory because it would not remove much additional pollutant
beyond  that  removed  with  lime  and  settle  treatment.    The
pollutants  specifically   regulated  under  PSES  are  chromium,
copper,  and nickel.  The toxic pollutants arsenic and zinc  were
also  considered  for  regulation because  they  are  present  at
treatable  concentrations  in  the  raw  wastewaters  from   this
subcategory.   These  pollutants were not selected  for  specific
regulation  because they will be effectively controlled when  the
regulated  toxic metals are treated to the levels  achievable  by
the model technology.  We are promulgating PSES to prevent  pass-
through   of  chromium,  copper,  and  nickel.   These   priority
pollutants  are removed by a well-operated POTW at an average  of
32  percent  while  PSES  technology  removes  approximately   84
percent.

Implementation  of the promulgated PSES limitations  will  remove
annually an estimated 1,625 kg of priority metals.  We estimate a
capital cost of $320,100 and an annualized cost of $161,200 (1982
dollars)  to achieve the promulgated PSES. The  promulgated  PSES
will not result in adverse economic impacts.

PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROPOSAL

EPA  proposed PSNS for the'secondary nickel subcategory based  on
Option  C (chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and  multimedia
filtration).   Filtration  was  not  proposed  for  slag  reclaim
tailings wastewater, however, because it was not shown to be cost
effective for this waste stream.

Wastewater  discharge rates for PSNS were proposed equivalent  to
the PSES discharge rates.

PSNS OPTION SELECTION - PROMULGATION

EPA is promulgating PSNS equivalent to promulgated NSPS and PSES.
The same pollutants pass through at PSNS as at PSES, for the same
reasons.

The  PSES  flow allowances ,are based on minimization  of  process
wastewater wherever possible.

The Agency believes that the promulgated PSNS are achievable, and
that  they  are not a barrier to entry of new  plants  into  this
subcategory.

The wastewater discharge rates for PSNS are identical to the NSPS
discharge rates for each waste stream.  The PSNS discharge  rates
are shown in Table XII-3 (Table 4012).
                               4007

-------
          SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

Pretreatment standards are based on the achievable concentrations
from  the selected treatment technology and the  discharge  rates
determined  in Section XI for NSPS and shown in Table  Xll-3.   A
mass of pollutant per mass of product (mg/kg) allocation is given
for  each  subdivision within the  subcategory.   This  pollutant
allocation   is  based  on  the  product  of  the   concentration
achievable  from  the model treatment (mg/1} and  the  production
normalized  wastewater  discharge rate (1/kkg).   The  achievable
treatment concentrations for NSPS are identical to those for PSES
and  PSNS. PSES and PSNS are presented in Table XII-4 and  XII-5,
respectively (pages 4012 - 4013).
                               4008

-------
                                               Table XII-1



 POLLUTANT REMOVAL  ESTIMATES  FOR  INDIRECT DISCHARGERS  IN THE SECONDARY  NICKEL SUBCATEGORY



foi lut ant
Ant iraony
Arsenic
Cadmium
ChronluB (total)
Capper
Cyanide (total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc


Total Raw
Discharge
(kfl/yr)
0
16.90
0
12.20
1,606. 3D
0
0
0
51.68
0
0
0
0.19

TOTAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS 1,687.35
Ammon i a
Cobalt
Fluoride

TOTAL NONCOHVKNTIONALS

TSS
Oil & Crease

U
0
23.89

23.89

932,833.74
699.12


Optioit A
Discharge
^kn/yr)
0
16.90
0
4.95
34.18
0
0
0
6.41
0
0
0
0.19

62.63
0
0
23.89

23.89

707,09
581.35


Opt ion A
Kemuved
(kts/yr)
0
U
0
7.25
1,572.20
0
0
0
45.2?
0
0
0
0

I ,624.72
0
0
ft

0

932,126.65
117.77


Opt ion C
Discharge
(kg/yr)
0
16.90
0
4.13
22. 98
0
0
0
6.00
0
0
0
0.17

30.18
0
0
23.89

23.89

153.20
581.35


Up t ion C
Removed
(kg/yr)
0
0
0
8.07
1,583.40
0
0 .
0
45.68
0
0
0
0.02

I ,637.17
0
0
0

0

932.6ttO.54
117.77

Selected
Option
Discharge
(kR/yr)
0
16.90
0
4.94
34.03
0
0
0
6.00
0
0
0
0.17

62.04
0
0
23.89

23.89

699. 6U
581.35

.Selected
Option
Removed
(kK/yr)
0
0
0
7.26
1,572.35
0
0
0
45.68
0
0
0
0.02

1,625.31
0
0
0

0

932, 134. Ob
117.77

tn
W
O
O
t)


55
H
O
W
tr"

c
to
o
i-1
w
Q
1


Cfl
w
o
1
(xj
M
H
TUTAL CONVKNTiUNALS
TOTAL  POLLUTANTS
93S.244.1U
               1.2B8.44   932,244.42
1,374.96   933.B69.I4
                          734.55   932.798.31
aOB.62   934,435.48
                        .2U1.03  932,251.83
1,366.96   933.877.14
Option A * Chemical precipitation and sedimentation




Option C - Chemical precipitation, sedimentation,  and filtration

-------
O

M

O
                                     Table XII-2



               COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY

                                 INDIRECT DISCHARGERS



                                 (March,  1982 Dollars)
                                                                                          w
                                                                                          w
                                                                                          O

                  _ Proposal Costs _     __ Promulgation Costs _           3

       Option     Capital Cost     Annual Cost     Capital Cost     Annual  Cost           >



         A          286,137          119,339          320,100           161,200              *


         C          341,274          147,750          387,300           196,200              £
                                                                                          M

                   (286,549)*       (119,616)*      (320,500)*        (161,500)*           £-

                                                                                          a
                                                                                          to
                                                                                          O
                                                                                          >
                                                                                          H
                                                                                          M
                                                                                          Q
                                                                                          t/3

                                                                                          M
                                                                                          O
                                                                                          ^


                                                                                          I


                                                                                          X
                                                                                          H
*These costs represent  Option  C  without  filtration  for  slag  reclaim  tailings.

-------
          SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
                SECT - XII
                          . TABLE XII-3

        PSES AND PSNS WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE
                  SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY
  Wastewater Stream
Slag Reclaim Tailings
Acid reclaim Leaching
Filtrate

Acid Reclaim Leaching
Belt Filter Backwash
    PSES and PSNS
      Normalized
    Discharge Rate
 (1/kkg)    (gal/ton)
12,848
 4,995
 1,199
3.079
1,197
  287
  Production
  Normalizing
  Parameter

slag input to
reclaim process

acid reclaim
nickel produced

acid reclaim
nickel produced
                               4011

-------
          SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


                           TABLE XII-4

            PSES FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY

 (a) Slag Reclaim Tailings  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average
mg/kg
Arsenic
* Chromium
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
(Ib/million Ibs)




of slag
26.850
5.653
24.410
24.670
18.760
input to reclaim process
11.950
2.313
12.850
16.320
7.837
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate  PSES
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Arsenic                     10.440               4.645
*Chromium                     2.198               0.899
*Copper                       9.491               4.995
*Nickel                       9.590               6.344
 Zinc                         7.293               3.047
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Arsenic                      2.506               1.115
*Chromium                     0.528               0.216
*Copper                       2.278               1.199
*Nickel                       2.302               1.523
 Zinc                         1.751               0.731
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4012

-------
          SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII


                           TABLE XI1-5

            PSNS FOR THE SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY


(a) Slag Reclaim Tailings  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day    monthly average
mg/kg
Arsenic
*Chromium
* Copper
*Nickel
Zinc
(Ib/million Ibs) of slag
26.850
5.653
24.410
24.670
18.760
input to reclaim process
11.950
2.313
12.850
16.320
7.837
(b) Acid Reclaim Leaching Filtrate  PSNS
Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Arsenic                   .  10.440               4.645
*Chromium                     2.198               0.899
*Copper                       9.491               4.995
*Nickel                       9.590               6.344
 Zinc                         7.293               3.047
(c) Acid Reclaim Leaching Belt Filter Backwash PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

     mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of acid reclaim nickel produced

 Arsenic                      2.506               1.115
*Chromium                     0.528               0.216
*Copper                       2.278               1.199
*Nickel                       2.302               1.523
 Zinc                         1.751               0.731
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4013

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XII
     THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                     4014

-------
          SECONDARY NICKEL SU1CATEGORY    SECT - XIII



                           SECTION XIII

         BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY


EPA  is not promulgating best conventional pollutant control  for
the secondary nickel subcategory at this time.
                               4015

-------
SECONDARY NICKEL SUBCATEGORY    SECT - XIII
     THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
      Pages 4017 and 4018 are omitted,





                     4016

-------
NONPERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY


           DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT SUPPLEMENT


                       for the


              Secondary Tin Subcategory
                  William K. Reilly
                    Administrator
                   R'ebecca Hanmer
      Acting Assistant Administrator for Water
              Martha Prothro, Director
      Office of Water Regulations and Standards
            Thomas P.  O'Farrell, Director
           Industrial  Technology Division
             Ernst P.  Hall,  P.E., Chief
               Metals  Industry Branch
                         and
              Technical Project Officer
                     May 1989
        U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                   Office of Water
      Office  of Water Regulations and Standards
           Industrial Technology Division
              Washington, D. C.   20460
                         4019

-------
4020

-------
                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                        TABLE OF CONTENTS


Section                                                    Page


I         SUMMARY                                          4029

II        CONCLUSIONS                                      4031

III       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE                              4045

          Description of Secondary Tin Production          4045
          Raw Materials                                    4045
          Tin Smelting                                     4046
          Alkaline Detinning                               4046
          Electrowinning                                   4047
          Precipitation of Tin Hydroxide                   4047
          Reduction to Tin Metal                           4047
          Process Wastewater Sources                       4948
          Other Wastewater Sources                         4048
          Age, Production, and Process Profile             4048

IV        SUBCATEGORIZATION                                4055

          Factors Considered in Subdividing the Secondary  4055
            Tin Subcategory
          Other Factors                                    4057
          Production Normalizing Parameters                4057

V         WATER AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS             4059

          Wastewater Flow Rates                            4060
          Wastewater Characteristics Data                  4061
          Data Collection Portfolios                       4061
          Field Sampling Data                              4062
          Wastewater Characteristics and Flows by          4063
            Subdivision
          Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber                         4063
          Dealuminizing Rinse                              4063
          Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate             4064
          Tin Hydroxide Wash                               4064
          Spent Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap     4064
          Spent Electrowinning Solution From Municipal     4065
            Solid Waste
          Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Scrap             4065
          Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Plating           4066
            Solutions and Sludges
          Tin Hydroxide Filtrate                           4066
                               4021

-------
                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section

VI        SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

          Conventional and Nonconventional Pollutant
            Parameters Selected
          Toxic Priority Pollutants                        4217
          Toxic Pollutants Never  Detected                 4217
          Toxic Pollutants Never Found Above Their         4217
            Analytical Quantification Concentration
          Toxic Pollutants Present Below Concentrations    4218
            Achievable by Treatment
          Toxic Pollutants Detected in a Small Number      4218
            of Sources
          Toxic Pollutants Selected for Further            4220
            Consideration in Establishing Limitations and
            Standards

VII       CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES               4229

          Current Control and Treatment Practices          4229
          Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber                         4229
          Dealuminizing Rinse                              4229
          Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate             4230
          Tin Hydroxide Wash                               4230
          Spent Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap     4230
          Spent Electrowinning Solution From Municipal     4230
            Solid Waste
          Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Scrap             4231
          Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Plating Solutions 4231
            and Sludges
          Tin Hydroxide Filtrate                           4231
          Control and Treatment Options                    4231
          Option A                                         4231
          Option C                                         4232

VIII      COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL         4233

          Treatment Options for Existing Sources           4233
          Option A                                         4233
          Option C                                         4233
          Cost Methodology                                 4234
          Nonwater Quality Aspects                         4234
          Energy Requirements      .                        4235
          Solid Waste                                      4235
          Air Pollution                                    4236
                               4022

-------
Section
                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OP CONTENTS (Continued)
IX        BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY    4239
          AVAILABLE

          Technical Approach to BPT                        4239
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    4241
          BPT Option Selection                             4241
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       4242
          Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber                     4242
          Deal umini zing- Rinse                              4243
          Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate             4243
          Tin Hydroxide Wash                               4243
          Spent Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap     4243
          Spent Electrowinning Solution Prom Municipal     2444
            Solid Waste
          Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Scrap             4244
          Tin Hydroxide Supernatant From Plating Solutions 4244
            and Sludges
          Tin Hydroxide Filtrate                           4245
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   4245
          Effluent Limitations                             4245

X         BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY           4259
          ACHIEVABLE

          Technical Approach to BAT                        4259
          Option A                                         4260
          Option C                                         4260
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    4260
          Pollutant Removal Estimates                      4260
          Compliance Costs                                 4261
          BAT Option Selection - Proposal                  4261
          BAT Option Selection - Promulgation              4262
          Wastewater Discharge Rates                       4263
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   4263
          Effluent Limitations                             4264

XI        NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                 4281

          Technical Approach to NSPS                       4281
          NSPS Option Selection - Proposal                 4282
          NSPS Option Selection - Promulgation             4282
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   4282
          New Source Performance Standards                 4282
                               4023

-------
                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section                                                    Page

XII       PRETREATMENT STANDARDS                           4293

          Technical Approach to Pretreatment               4293
          Industry Cost and Pollutant Removal Estimates    4293
          Pretreatment Standards for Existing and New      4294
            Sources
          PSES and PSNS Option Selection                   4294
          Regulated Pollutant Parameters                   4295
          Pretreatment Standards                           4295

XIII      BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY   4317
                               4024

-------
                   SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY


                         LIST OP TABLES


Table                    Title                             Page

III-l     Initial Operating Year (Range) Summary of Plants 4049
          in the Secondary Tin Subcategory By
          Discharge Type

III-2     Production Ranges for Secondary Tin Plants       4050
          for 1982

III-3     Summary of Secondary Tin Subcategory Processes   4051
          and Associated Waste Streams

V-l       Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Smelter SO2    4068
          Scrubber

V-2       Water Use and Discharge Rates Dealuminizing      4068
          Rinse

V-3       Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Mud Acid       4068
          Neutralization Filtrate

V-4       Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide Wash       4069

V-5       Water Use and Discharge Rates Spent              4069
          Electrowinning Solution From New Scrap

V-6       Water Use and Discharge Rates Spent              4069
          Electrowinning Solution From Municipal
          Solid Waste

V-7       Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide      4070
          Supernatant From Scrap

V-8       Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide      4070
          Supernatant From Plating Solutions and Sludges

V-9       Water Use and Discharge Rates Tin Hydroxide      4071
          Filtrate

V-10      Scrubber Blowdown Raw Wastewater Sampling Data   4071

V-ll      Spent Electrowinning Solution Raw Wastewater     4082
          Sampling Data

V-12      Tin Hydroxide Precipitation Supernatant (From    4102
          Scrap) Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
                               4025

-------
                    SECONDARY TIN  SUBCATEGORY


                    LIST OP TABLES (Continued)


Table                    Title                             Page

V—13      Tin Hydroxide Precipitation Supernatant  (Prom    4113
          Spent Plating Solution  and Sludges) Raw
          Wastewater Sampling Data

V-14      Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  Raw Wastewater Sampling   4129
          Data

V-15      Mud Pond  Supernatant Raw Wastewater Sampling     4140
          Data

V-16      Electrowinning Solution After Chlorination -     4151
          Plant C Treated Wastewater Sampling Data

V-17      Electrowinning Solution After Chlorination and   4161
          Neutralization - Plant  C Treated Wastewater
          Sampling  Data

V-18      Electrowinning Solution After Chlorination,      4181
          Neutralization, and Sedimentation - Plant C
          Treated Wastewater Sampling Data

V-19      Final Effluent - Plant  C Treated Wastewater      4181
          Sampling  Data

V-20      Electrowinning Solution After Carbonation -      4191
          Plant D Treated Wastewater Sampling Data

V-21      Influent  to Treatment - Plant E Raw Wastewater   4201
          Sampling  Data

V-22      Treated Effluent - Plant E Treated Wastewater    4205
          Sampling  Data

V-23      Secondary Tin Sampling  Data, Raw Wastewater      4209
          from Self Sampling Data

VI-1      Frequency of Occurrence of Priority Pollutants   4223
          Secondary Tin  Subcategory Raw Wastewater

VI-2      Toxic Pollutants Never  Detected                  4227

VIII-1    Cost of Compliance for  the Secondary Tin         4237
          Subcategory Direct Dischargers

VIII-2    Cost of Compliance for  the Secondary Tin         4237
          Subcategory Indirect Dischargers
                               4026

-------
                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY


                   LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)


Table                    Title                             Page

IX-1      BPT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the           4247
          Secondary Tin Subcategory

IX-2      BPT Mass Limitations for the Secondary Tin       4248
          Subcategory

X-l       Secondary Tin Subcategory Pollutant Removal      4266
          Estimates Direct Dischargers

X-2       Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Tin         4268
          Subcategory Direct Dischargers

X-3       BAT Wastewater Discharge Rates for the           4269
          Secondary Tin Subcategory

X-4       BAT Mass Limitations for the Secondary Tin       4270
          Subcategory

XI-1      NSPS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the          4283
          Secondary Tin Subcategory

XI-2      NSPS for the Secondary Tin Subcategory           4284

XIl-1     Secondary Tin Subcategory Pollutant Removal      4296
          Estimates Indirect Dischargers

XII-2     Cost of Compliance for the Secondary Tin         4297
          Subcategory Indirect Dischargers

XII-3     PSES and PSNS Wastewater Discharge Rates for the 4298
          Secondary Tin Subcategory

XII-4     PSES for the Secondary Tin Subcategory           4299

XII-5     PSNS for the Secondary Tin Subcategory           4308
                               4027

-------
                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY


                         LIST OP FIGURES


Figure                Title


III-l     Tin Smelting Production Process

III-2     Other Tin Production Processes

III-3     Geographic Locations of the Secondary Tin
          Subeategory Plants

V—1       Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant A

V-2       Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant B

V-3       Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant C

V-4       Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant D

V-5       Sampling Sites at Secondary Tin Plant E

XI-1      BPT Treatment Scheme for Option A

X-l       BAT Treatment Scheme for Option A

X-2    •   BAT Treatment Scheme for Option C
4052

4053

4054


4210

4211

4212

4213

4214

4257

4279

4280
                               4028

-------
              SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - I



                            SECTION I

                             SUMMARY
This  document  provides the technical basis  for    promulgating
effluent limitations based on best practicable  technology  (BPT)
and   best  available  technology  (BAT)  for   existing   direct
dischargers,   pretreatment  standards  for   existing   indirect
dischargers  (PSES),  pretreatment  standards  for  new  indirect
dischargers  (PSNS), and standards of performance for new  source
direct dischargers  (NSPS).

The  secondary tin subcategory consists of twelve plants.  Of the
twelve    plants,    three   discharge   directly    to   rivers,
lakes,    or   streams;   one  discharges  to  a  publicly  owned
treatment works (POTW);   and  eight  achieve  zero  discharge of
process wastewater.

EPA   first  studied  the secondary tin subcategory to  determine
whether   differences   in  raw  materials,    final    products,
manufacturing  processes,  equipment,  age and size of plants, or
water  usage,  required  the  development  of  separate  effluent
limitations   and   standards   for  different  segments  of  the
subcategory.  This involved a  detailed  analysis  of  wastewater
discharge  and  treated effluent characteristics,  including  the
sources   and   volume  of  water used, the processes  used,  the
sources  of  pollutants and wastewaters in the  plant,  and   the
constituents     of   wastewaters,    including  toxic   priority
pollutants. As a result,   nine  subdivisions  or building blocks
have   been   identified    for this  subcategory  that   warrant
separate effluent  limitations. These include:

(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions  and  sludges,
      and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate*

EPA  also  identified  several  distinct  control  and  treatment
technologies  (both  in-plant and end-of-pipe) applicable to  the
secondary tin subcategory.   The Agency analyzed  both historical
and    newly   generated  data  on  the  performance   of   these
technologies,  including  their  nonwater  quality  environmental
impacts  and  air  quality,  solid  waste  generation, and energy
requirements.  EPA also studied various flow reduction techniques
reported in  the  data  collection  portfolios  (dcp)  and  plant
visits.


                               4029

-------
              SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - I
Engineering  costs  were  prepared  for  each  of the control and
treatment options considered;for the  subcategory.   These  costs
were   then  used  by  the  Agency  to  estimate  the  impact  of
implementing the various options on the  subcategory.   For  each
control  and  treatment  option  that the Agency found to be most
effective and technically feasible in controlling  the  discharge
of  pollutants,  we  estimated  the number of potential closures/
number of employees affectedv and impact on price.  These results
are reported in a separate document entitled "The Economic Impact
Analysis of Effluent Limitations and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Industry."

After examining the various treatment  technologies,  the  Agency
has  identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology.  Metals removal based on chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation  technology  is  the basis for the BPT limitations.
Cyanide precipitation was  selected  as  the  basis  for  cyanide
limitations.   To meet the BPT effluent limitations based on this
technology,  the  secondary tin subcategory is expected to  incur
capital  and  annual  costs.    However,  these  costs  are   not
presented  here  because they are based on information claimed to
be confidential.

For BAT, the Agency has built upon the BPT  technology  basis  by
adding   filtration   as   an  effluent  polishing  step  to  the
end-of-pipe  treatment  scheme.    To  meet  the  BAT    effluent
limitations   based   on  this  technology,   the  secondary  tin
subcategory  is  estimated tb incur capital and   annual   costs.
However,   these costs are not presented here because the data on
which they are based has been claimed to be confidential.

NSPS, which  are  based  on  best  demonstrated  technology,  are
equivalent  to  BAT.   In selecting NSPS, EPA recognizes that new
plants have the  opportunity  to  implement  the  best  and  most
efficient   manufacturing  processes  and  treatment  technology.
However, the technology basis of BAT has been determined  as  the
best demonstrated technology for this subcategory.

The  technology basis for PSES is equivalent to BAT.  To meet the
pretreatment  standards for  existing  sources,   the   secondary
tin  subcategory is estimated to incur a capital cost of $160,187
and  an  annual  cost of $50,044.   For PSNS, the Agency selected
end-of-pipe  treatment  and in-process  flow   reduction  control
techniques equivalent to NSPS.

The  mass  limitations and standards for BPT, BAT, NSPS, PSES and
PSNS are presented in Section II.
                               4030

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II



                           SECTION II

                           CONCLUSIONS
EPA   has   divided  the secondary tin  subcategory   into    nine
subdivisions  for  the purpose  of   effluent   limitations   and
standards.  These subdivisions are:

(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
      and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.


BPT  is  promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle) technology, along with preliminary  treatment  consisting
of   cyanide  precipitation  for  selected  waste  streams.   The
following BPT limitations are promulgated:

(a)  Tig Smelter SO2 Scrubber  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of crude tapped tin produced

Arsenic                  19.220             8.554
Lead                      3.863             1.840
Iron                     11.040             5.611
Tin                       3.495             2.024
TSS                     377.100           179.400
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               4031

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
 (b)  Dealuminizing Rinse  BPT
Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced

Lead                      0.015             0.007
Cyanide (total)           OiOlO             0.004
Fluoride                  1.225             0.700
Tin                       0.013             0.008
TSS                       1.435             0.683
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(c)  Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs
Lead
Cyanide (total)
Fluoride
Tin
TSS
pH Within
) of neutralized
2.120
1.464
176.600
1.918
206.900
the range of 7.5
dewatered tin mud pro
1.009
0.606
100.400
1.110
98.420
to 10.0 at all times
(d)  Tin Hydroxide Wash  BPT
Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed

Lead                      5.020             2.391
Cyanide (total)           3.466             1.434
Fluoride                418.400           237.900
Tin                       4.542             2.630
TSS                     490.100           233.100
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               4032

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


(e)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)ofcathodetin produced

Lead                      7.056             3.360
Cyanide (total)           4.872             2.016
Fluoride                588.000           334.300
Tin                       6.384             3.696
TSS                     688.800           327.600
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(f)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
     Waste  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap used as raw material

Lead                      0.050             0.024
Cyanide (total)           0.035             0.014
Fluoride                  .4.165             2.368
Tin                       0.045             0.026
TSS                       4.879             2.321
pH             Within the tange of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(g)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) oftin metalrecovered from scrap

Lead                     23.370            11.130
Cyanide (total)          16.140             6.677
Fluoride              1,947.000         1,107.000
Tin                      21.140            12.240
TSS                   2,281.000         1,085.000
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               4033

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
 (h)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
     Solutions and Sludges  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal recovered from
                  plating solutions and sludges
Lead
Cyanide (
Fluoride
Tin
TSS
pH

total)


Within

4,

4,
the
48,
33,
025.
43,
715.
.300
.350
.000
.700
.000
range of 7.5

2

2
to
23
13
,289
25
,243
10.0
.000
.800
.000
.300
.000
at all




times
(i)  Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  BPT
Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal produced

Lead                     10.520             5.009
Cyanide (total)           7.263             3.005
Fluoride                876.500           498.400
Tin                       9.517             5.510
TSS                   1,027.000           488.400
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


BAT  is  promulgated based on the performance achievable  by  the
application   of   chemical   precipitation,  sedimentation,  and
multimedia filtration (lime,:settle, and filter) technology along
with preliminary treatment consisting cyanide  precipitation  for
selected  waste  streams.  The following BAT effluent limitations
are promulgated:

(a)  Tin Smelter S02 Scrubber  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of crude tapped tin produced
Arsenic
Lead
Iron
Tin
12.790
2.575
11.040
3.495
5.703
1.196
5.611
2.024
                               4034

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


 (b) Dealuminizing Rinse  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced

 Lead                      .0.010             0.005
 Cyanide (total)           0.007             0.0028
 Fluoride             .    1.225             0.697
 Tin                       0.013             0.008


 (c)  Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized dewatered tin
                          mud produced

 Lead                      1.413             0.656
 Cyanide (total)           1.009             0.404
 Fluoride                176.600           100.400
 Tin                       1.918             1.110


 (d)  Tin Hydroxide Wash  BAT

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed

 Lead                      3.347             1.554
 Cyanide (total)           2.391             0.956
Fluoride                418.400           237.900
Tin                       4.542             2.630


 (e)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cathode tin produced
Lead
Cyanide (total)
Fluoride
Tin
4.704
3.360
588.000
6.384
2.184
1.344
334.300
3.696
                               4035

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
(f)  Spent Elecbrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
     Waste  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of MSW scrap used as raw material

Lead                      0.033             0.015
Cyanide (total)           0.024       «      0.010
Fluoride                  4.165             2.368
Tin                       0.045             0.026
(g)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal recovered from scrap

Lead                     15.580             7.233
Cyanide (total)          11.130             4.451
Fluoride              1,947.000         1,107.000
Tin                      21.140            12.240
(h)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
     Solutions and Sludges  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal recovered from
                  plating solutions and sludges

Lead                     32.200            14.950
Cyanide (total)          23.000             9.200
Fluoride              4,,025.000         2,289.000
Tin                      43.700            25.300
(i)  Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  BAT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced
                                                 *
Lead                      7.012             3.256
Cyanide (total)           5.009             2.004
Fluoride                876.500           498.400
Tin                       9.517             5.510
                               4036

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


NSPS   are   based  on  the  performance  achievable    by    the
application   of   chemical   precipitation,  sedimentation,  and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle and filter) technology, along
with preliminary treatment consisting  of  cyanide  precipitation
for selected waste streams.  The following effluent standards are
promulgated for new sources:

(a)  Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of crude tapped tin produced

Arsenic                  12.790             5.703
Lead                      2.575             1.196
Iron                     11.040             5.611
Tin                       3.495             2.024
TSS                     138.000           110.400
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(b)  Dealuminizing Rinse  NSPS

Pollutant or:Maximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced

Lead                      0.010             0.005
Cyanide (total)           0.007             0.003
Fluoride                  1.225             0.697
Tin                       0.013             0.008
TSS                       0.525             0.420
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(c)  Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized dewatered tin
                          mud produced

Lead                      1.413             0.656
Cyanide (total)           1.009             0.404
Fluoride                176.600           100.400
Tin                       1.918             1.110
TSS                      75.710            60.560
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               4037

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT -  II
 (d)  Tin Hydroxide Wash  NSPS
Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed

Lead                      3.347             1.554
Cyanide  (total)           2.391             0.956
Fluoride                418.400           237.900
Tin                       4.542             2.630
TSS                     179.300           143.400
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(e)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of cathode tin produced

Lead                      4.704             2.184
Cyanide  (total)           3.360             1.344
Fluoride                588.000           334.300
Tin                       6.384             3.696
TSS                     252.000           201.600
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


(f)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
     Waste  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap used as raw material

Lead                      0.033             0.015
Cyanide  (total)           0.024             0.001
Fluoride                  4.165             2.368
Tin                       0.045             0.026
TSS                       1.785             1.428
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               4038

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


 (g)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap  NSPS

Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal recovered from scrap

Lead                     15.580             7.233
Cyanide (total)          11.130             4.451
Fluoride              1,947.000         1,107.000
Tin                      21.140            12.240
TSS                     834.600           667.700
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (h)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
     Solutions and Sludges  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)oftin metal recovered from
                  plating solutions and sludges

Lead                     32.200            14.950
Cyanide (total)          23.000             9.200
Fluoride              4,025.000         2,289.000
Tin                      43.700            25.300
TSS                   1,725.000         1,380.000
pH            Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


 (i)  Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  NSPS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)oftin metal produced

Lead                      7.012             3.256
Cyanide (total)           5.009             2.004
Fluoride                876.500           498.400
Tin                       9.517             5.510
TSS                     375.700           300.500
pH             Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times


PSES  are  promulgated based on the performance achievable by the
application  of   chemical  precipitation,    sedimentation,   and
multimedia filtration (lime, settle and filter) technology, along
with  preliminary  treatment  consisting of cyanide precipitation
for selected waste streams.   The following  pretreatment standards
are promulgated for existing sources:
                               4039

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
(a)  Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average
mg/kg (Ib/million
Arsenic
Lead
Iron
Tin
(b) Dealuminizing Rinse

Ibs) of crude
12.790
2.575
11.040
3.495
PSES
tapped
5.
1.
5.
2.

tin produced
703
196
611
024

Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/milliori Ibs) of dealuminized scrap produced

Lead                      0.010             0.005
Cyanide (total)           0.007             0.003
Fluoride                  1.225             0.697
Tin                       0.013             0.008
(c)  Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized dewatered tin
                          mud produced

Lead                      1.413             0.656
Cyanide (total)           1.009             0.404
Fluoride                176.600           100.400
Tin                       1.918             1.110
(d)  Tin Hydroxide Wash  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin hydroxide washed

Lead                      3.347             1.554
Cyanide (total)           2.391             0.956
Fluoride                418.400           237.900
Tin                       4.542             2.630
                               4040

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


(e)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap  PSES

Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of cathode -tin produced

Lead                      4.704             2.184
Cyanide (total)          ,3.360             1.344
Fluoride                588.000           334.300
Tin                       6.384             3.696
(f)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
     Waste  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of MSW scrap used as raw material

Lead                      0.033             0.015
Cyanide (total)           0.024             0.010
Fluoride                  4.165             2.368
Tin                       0.045             0.026
(g)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap  PSES

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal recovered from scrap

Lead                     15.580             7.233
Cyanide (total)          11.130             4.451
Fluoride              1,947.000         1,107.000
Tin                      21.140            12.240
(h)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
     Solutions and Sludges  PSES

Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of tin metalrecovered from
                  plating solutions and sludges

Lead                     32.200            14.950
Cyanide (total)          23.000             9.200
Fluoride              4,025.000         2,289.000
Tin                      43.700            25.300
                               4041

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
 (i)  Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  PSES
Pollutant or          Maximum! for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced

Lead                      7.012             3.256
Cyanide  (total)           5.009             2.004
Fluoride                876.500           498.400
Tin                       9.517             5.510


PSNS  are promulgated based on the  performance   achievable   by
the  application  of  chemical  precipitation, sedimentation, and
multimedia filtration (lime, ^settle and filter) technology, along
with preliminary treatment consisting  of  cyanide  precipitation
for selected waste streams.  The following pretreatment standards
are promulgated for new sources.

(a)  Tin Smelter SO2 Scrubber  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average
mg/kg
Arsenic
Lead
Iron
Tin
(Ib/million Ibs) of crude
12.790
2.575
11.040
3.495
tapped tin produced
5.703
1.196
5.611
2.024
(b)  Dealuminizing Rinse  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs) of dealuminized scrap produced

Lead                      0.010             0.005
Cyanide (total)           0.007             0.003
Fluoride                  1.225             0.697
Tin                       0.013             0.008
                               4042

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II


 (c)  Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate  PSNS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibsjof neutralized dewatered tin
                          ,mud produced

 Lead                      1.413             0.656
 Cyanide (total)           1.009             0.404
 Fluoride                176.600           100.400
 Tin                       1.918             1.110


 d)  Tin Hydroxide Wash  PSNS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of tin hydroxide washed

 Lead                      3.347             1.554
 Cyanide (total)           2.391             0.956
 Fluoride                418.400           237.900
 Tin                       4.542             2.630


 e)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap  PSNS

 Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
 Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs)of cathode tin produced

 Lead                      4.704             2.184
 Cyanide (total)           3.360             1.344
 Fluoride                588.000           334.300
 Tin                       6.384             3.696
f)  Spent Electrowinning Solution from Municipal Solid
    Waste  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

           mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap used as
                          raw material

Lead                      0.033             0.015
Cyanide (total)           0.024             0.010
Fluoride                  4.165             2.368
Tin                       0.045             0.026
                               4043

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - II
(g)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

    mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)oftin metal recovered from scrap

Lead                     15.580             7.233
Cyanide (total)          li.130             4.451
Fluoride              1,947.000         1,107.000
Tin                      21.140            12.240
(h)  Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Plating
     Solutions and Sludges  PSNS

Pollutant or          Maximum for     Maximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

       mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal recovered from
                  plating solutions and sludges

Lead                     32.200            14.950
Cyanide (total)          23.000             9.200
Fluoride              4,025.000         2,289.000
Tin                      43.700            25.300
(i)  Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  PSNS

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximum for
Pollutant Property    Any One Day   Monthly Average

          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced

Lead                      7.012             3.256
Cyanide (total)           5.009             2.004
Fluoride                876.500           498.400
Tin                       9.517             5.510
EPA is not promulgating BCT for the secondary tin subcategory  at
this time.
                               4044

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III



                           SECTION III

                       SUBCATEGORY PROFILE
This   section   of  the  secondary  tin    supplement  describes
the  raw  materials  and  processes used  in  the  production  of
secondary  tin  and  presents  a  profile  of  the secondary  tin
plants  identified in this study.

The largest total use of tin is in solders which are manufactured
from both primary tin and secondary tin.  The low  melting  point
of  tin (232°C) makes it ideal for this application.  Tin  plated
steel  products represent the second largest  use  of  tin.  Only
primary tin is used for this application.

Tin   is  also used in a number of alloys such as brass,  bronze,
and  white  metal alloys including babbitt.  White  metal  alloys
are  low  melting  point  alloys  consisting primarily of tin  or
lead.  These  alloys may also contain lesser amounts  of  copper,
zinc  and antimony and are used primarily in bearings.

DESCRIPTION OF  SECONDARY TIN PRODUCTION

Tin    is   produced   by   smelting   tin   concentrates    with
limestone and coke.   The •crude  tin  is  then  electrolytically
refined  and  cast.   The  process  is presented schematically in
Figure III-l (page 4052).

Tin  may also be produced by smelting tin residues,  particularly
detinners  mud  from  secondary  tin  recovery  operations.  Most
secondary  tin, however, is produced by dissolving tin  from  tin
plated steel scrap, and recovering the tin by electrowinning. Tin
may  also be recovered from solution by precipitation of  tin  as
tin  hydroxide,  Sn(OH)4. A smaller amount of  secondary  tin  is
recovered  from tin plating sludges  which are generated  by  tin
plated   steel   production  operations.  These   secondary   tin
production operations can be divided into four major  operations:
alkaline detinning, electrowinning, tin hydroxide  precipitation,
and   reduction  to  tin  metal.  These  operations   are   shown
schematically in Figure III-2 (page 4053).

RAW MATERIALS

Tin  concentrates used in tin production are imported from  South
America and Malaysia.  EPA considers these tin concentrates to be
secondary  raw materials flor the purpose of establishing effluent
limitations. There are no tin producing facilities in the  United
States that manufacture tin from concentrates alone.

The other  principal raw material for the secondary tin  industry
is   tin plated  steel  scrap.     Virtually  all  of  this  scrap
comes from fabrication plants which produce cans and a variety of


                               4045

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III


other   tin  plated  steel  products.    Such scrap  may  include
punched  sheets,  rolls and bundles.   One producer also reported
tin recovery  from tin  plated  steel  separated  from  municipal
solid waste.  Two producers  reported  that  they  recovered  tin
from  spent  tin electroplating solutions and plating sludges.

TIN SMELTING

There  is  currently  one  tin smelter in the United States.  Tin
residues  (and  sometimes concentrates) are smelted  in  a  kaldo
furnace  with  limestone, magnesium oxide, and coke at  2,000  to
2,400°F. When the tin content of the residual slag reaches 5 to 7
percent, pyrite is added to liberate additional   tin as volatile
tin  sulfide.  The  tin sulfide is   contacted  with  atmospheric
oxygen which results in the  generation of sulfur dioxide and tin
oxide  particles   which  are captured in a  baghouse  and  later
recycled  to  the   furnace. Sulfur dioxide  emissions  from  the
smelting  furnace  are  controlled with a  scrubber  employing  a
slurry  of  finely ground aragonite and water  as  the  scrubbing
solution.  Crude  molten  tin is  periodically  tapped  from  the
furnace,   fire  refined  and cast into anodes.  The  anodes  are
consumed in an electrolytic refining process and the purified tin
is cast into ingots.

ALKALINE DETINNING

The first step in recovering tin from tin  plated  scrap  is  hot
alkaline  detinning.   Tin plated scrap is loaded into perforated
steel detinning baskets and placed  in  a  detinning  tank  which
contains  a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate.  The
solution is  heated  to  near  the  boiling  point  and  the  tin
dissolves      into     solution     as     sodium      stannate,
Na2SnO3.  The chemical reaction is as follows:

     9Sn  +   6NaNO3  +   12NaOH  +  9H2O   	>

     9Na2SnO3 • H2O  +  2NH3 +  2N2  +  3H2O
                            i
The detinning cycle is complete  after  4  to  12  hours.   Scrap
containing  aluminum  is  prietreated  in  a  solution  of  sodium
hydroxide, in which the aluminum dissolves.  After  rinsing,  the
dealuminized scrap is sent to the detinning tanks.

There  are  two variations oif the alkaline detinning process: the
saturated process and the unsaturated process.  In the  saturated
process,  the  sodium  stannate  solution  is  allowed  to become
supersaturated and  sodium  stannate  crystals  precipitate  from
solution.   The sodium stannate is recovered from the solution in
a filter press and the solution  is  returned  to  the  detinning
tanks.    The  sodium  stannate  filter cake may then be sold as a
product  or  redissolved  in  water  for  further  processing  or
electrowinning.

In  the unsaturated process, the sodium stannate concentration in
the solution is kept below the saturation point and the  solution


                               4046

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III


is  pumped  directly to further processing or electrowinning.  In
both the  saturated  and  the  unsaturated  process,  the  sodium
stannate  solution is purified by adding sodium sulfide, Na2S  or
sodium  hydrosulfide,   NaHS,  to precipitate lead   and    other
metal  impurities as insoluble metal sulfides.   The precipitated
residue  is  called tin mud or detinners mud and is sold  to  tin
smelters.

Detinners  mud may also include residues removed from the bottoms
of detinning tanks.  This mud contains 3 to 5 percent tin and  is
sold  as  a  by-product to tin smelters.   The tin mud is usually
rinsed to recover any soluble tin  which  may  be  present.   The
rinse  water  is  recycled  to the detinning tanks.  One producer
reported an acid neutralization step in which  sulfuric  acid  is
added  to  the  mud.   The neutralized mud is then dewatered in a
filter press and sold as a by-product  containing   approximately
10 percent tin.

When  the  detinning  cycle  is  complete,  the detinned steel is
removed from the detinning tanks.  The steel is  then  rinsed  to
recover  any tin solution which may be adhering to it, pressed or
baled, and sold as a product.  The rinse water is recycled to the
detinning tanks to recover tin.

ELECTROWINNING

The purified sodium stannate solution  is  sent  to  electrolytic
cells  where  pure tin metal is deposited onto cathodes.  The tin
is  then  removed  from  the  cathodes,  melted  and  cast.   The
elecfcrowinning  solution is then recycled to the detinning tanks.
A blowdown  stream  must  periodically  be  discharged  from  the
electrowinning  circuit  in order to control the concentration of
aluminum, carbonates, and other impurities in the solution.

One  producer reported the use of tin hydroxide,  Sn(OH)4,  as  a
raw   material.    The tin hydroxide is first washed  with  water
and  then  dissolved  in a solution  of  sodium  hydroxide.   The
resultant sodium stannate solution is then purified and added  to
the  sodium  stannate  solution  from  alkaline   detinning   and
the  combined solution enters the electrowinning tanks.

PRECIPITATION OF TIN HYDROXIDE

As an alternative to electrowinning, tin can  be  recovered  from
solution  as  tin hydroxide, Sn(OH)4.  Sulfuric acid is added  to
lower the pH to 7 and sodium carbonate is then added to raise the
pH to 7.8.   At this point tin hydroxide will precipitate from the
solution.   The one plant which uses this process precipitates tin
from  a  solution  which  is  a  mixture  of  alkaline  detinning
solution,   spent  plating solution, and a solution  generated  by
dissolving tin electroplating sludge in water.

REDUCTION TO TIN METAL

The tin hydroxide is dried and calcined in a furnace  to  produce


                               4047

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - III


tin  dioxide,  SnO2-  The  tin dioxide  is  then  charged  to   a
reduction furnace with carbon where it is reduced  to  tin metal.

PROCESS WASTEWATER SOORCES

Although  a variety of  processes  are  involved   in   secondary
tin  production, the process wastewater sources can be subdivided
as follows:

(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
      and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.

OTHER WASTEWATER SOURCES

There   may  be   other  waste  streams  associated   with    the
secondary tin  subcategory. These streams may include  noncontact
cooling  water,  stormwater runoff, and maintenance  and  cleanup
water.  These  wastewater  streams  are  not  considered   as   a
part   of   this rulemaking.   EPA  believes that the  flows  and
pollutant   loadings   associated   with   these   streams    are
insignificant relative to the  wastewater  streams  selected  and
are  best  handled   by   the appropriate   permit  authority  on
a   case-by-case  basis  under authority of Section  403  of  the
Clean Water Act.

AGE, PRODUCTION, AND PROCESS PROFILE

Table   III-l (page 4049)  shows the relative age  and  discharge
status   of  the secondary   tin  plants.    The   average  plant
age is between  16 and  25  [years.   All of the plants have  been
built   since   1940. Table  III-2  (page 4050)  shows  the  1982
production   for   secondary   tin. Eleven  of  the 12  secondary
tin  plants  have  production levels less than 1,000 kkg/yr.  One
tin  producer has a production level between  1,000   and   5,000
kkg/yr.

Table   III-3  (page 4051) provides a summary of  the  number  of
plants  with  the various production processes  and  the   number
of   plants   which-generate   wastewater  from   each   process.
Alkaline detinning is practiced by 10 of  the  12  secondary  tin
plants.   Of these 10 plants, eight also practice electrowinning.
Figure  III-3 (page 4054) shows the  geographic locations of  the
secondary  tin  facilities   in the  United  States  by discharge
status.
                               4048

-------
                      Table  III-1


INITIAL OPERATING YEAR (RANGE)  SUMMARY OF  PLANTS  IN  THE
      SECONDARY TIN  SUBCATEGORY BY  DISCHARGE  TYPE


Discharge
Type
Direct
Indirect
Zero
TOTAL
Initial
1982-
1973
(0-10)
0
0
2
2
Operating Year (Range) (Plant Age in Years)
1972-
1968
(11-15)
0
0
1
1
1967-
1958
(16-25)
1
1
3
5
1957-
1948
(26-35)
1
0
1
2
1947-
1938
(36-45)
1
0
1
2


Total
3
1
8
12

en
W
o
O

K
H
cn
o
a*
                                                                            Q
                                                                            O
                                                                            0>
                                                                            M
                                                                            O
                                                                            H
                                                                            H

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            SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY    SECT - III



                           TABLE II1-2


       PRODUCTION RANGES FOR SECONDARY TIN PLANTS FOR 1982
                                      1000-5000    Total

                                          *           3

                                          0           1


                                          i           I

                                          *          12
Discharge
Type
Direct
Indirect
Zero
Total
Production
Range
0-100 100-1000
*
1
•4
*
*
0
•4
,*
*Direct discharge production data have been withheld because the
information  on  which  they are based has  been  claimed  to  be
confidential.
                               4050

-------
*»
o
                                              Table  III-3



                                 SUMMARY  OF  SECONDARY TIN  SUBCATEGORY

                                PROCESSES AND  ASSOCIATED WASTE STREAMS
Process and Waste Streams

Tin Smelting

Smelter S02 scrubber

Alkaline Detinning
Dealuminizing rinse
Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate
Electrowinning
Tin hydroxide wash
Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap
Spent electrowinning solution from municipal
solid waste
Tin Hydroxide Precipitation
Supernatant from scrap
Supernatant from plating solutions and sludges
- Tin hydroxide filtrate
Number of
Plants With
Process or
Waste Stream

1

1

10
1
1
8
1
8
1

2
1
2
1
Number
of Plants
Reporting
Generation
of Wastewater*



1


1
1

1
7
1


1
1
1
SBCONDAI
»*v
K;
1-3
H
53
w
c
»
o
M
Q
O
*

W
a
,
H
H
H



      Reduction to Tin Metal
      *Through reuse or evaporation practices,  a  plant may  "generate" wastewater  from  a

       particular process but not  discharge  it.

-------
          SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
            SECT  -  III
                                                    Alkaline
                                                     Slurry
Tin Concentrates
    and Residues
I

                                                  S02 Scrubber
                                 Crude
                                  Tin
                             Fire
                           Refining
                              and
                             Anode
                            Casting
                              I
                     Electrolytic Refining
                            Casting
                          Tin Ingots

                             Figure II1-1

            TIN SMELTING  PRODUCTION PROCESS
                             4052

-------
                                                                                  Recycle
    Tin PlaieJ Scrap

            NaOH


           NaNO
*».
0
Ul
U)
   Tin Sludg
    Spent
    Haling
    Solution
                                                                                                                                  M
                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                                                  1
                                                                                                                                  H
                                                                                                                                  ss
§
o
»-3
w
o
                                                                                                                                 en
                                                                                                                                 w
                                                                                                            Wjslew.Ui-r
                                                        Figure  III-2
                                           OTHER  TIN PRODUCTION PROCESSES

-------
O
Ul
                  (     MASH*
                                                          Direct Process Wastewater Discharge Plants

                                                          Indirect Process Wastewater  Discharge Plants

                                                          Zero Process Wastewater Discharge Plants
                                                                                                             w
                                                                                                             W
                                                                                                             O
                                                                                                             O
                                                                                                             H
                                                                                                             G
                                                                                                             W
                                                                                                             O
                                                                                                             w
                                                                                                             Q

                                                                                                             I
                                                                                                             CO
                                                                                                             w
                                                                                                             o
                                                                                                             1-3
H
H
H
                                                Figure  III-3

                         GEOGRAPHIC  LOCATIONS OF THE ««MAR¥-A!W SECONDARY TIN
                                            SUBCATEGORY PLANTS

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY     SECT - IV



                           SECTION IV

                        SUBCATEGORIZATION

This   section   summarizes  the factors  considered  during  the
designation   of   the   related subdivisions or building  blocks
of the secondary tin subcategory. Following proposal, the  Agency
decided to revise the name of this subcategory  to Secondary Tin,
instead  of  Primary  and  Secondary Tin,   to   more  accurately
reflect   the  nature  of  the  raw  materials  used    in   this
subcategory.  The same plants and operations that were   included
in   this   Subcategory-   at   proposal   are    included     for
promulgation.

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN SUBDIVIDING THE SECONDARY TIN
SUBCATEGORY

The   factors   listed   for general subcategorization were  each
evaluated   when  considering   subdivision  of   the   secondary
tin   subcategory. In the discussion that follows,   the  factors
will be described as they pertain to this particular subcategory.

The     rationale   for   considering   segmentation   of     the
secondary  tin subcategory is based primarily  on  differences in
the  production processes and raw materials  used.   Within  this
subcategory, a number  of  different  operations  are  performed,
which may or may not have a water use or discharge, and which may
require  the  establishment  of  separate  effluent  limitations.
While    secondary   tin   is   still   considered    a    single
subcategory,  a  more  thorough  examination  of  the  production
processes has illustrated the need for limitations and  standards
based  on  a  specific set of waste streams.  Limitations will be
based on specific flow allowances for the following subdivisions:

(a) Tin smelter SO2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solution from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
      and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.

These subdivisions follow directly from  differences  within  the
five    production   processes   which   may   be  used  in   the
production of secondary tin:  tin  smelting,  alkaline detinning,
electrowinning, precipitation and reduction.

The  smelting  of  tin  gives rise to the first subdivision.  The
control of sulfur dioxide emissions from smelter  flue  gases  is
accomplished  through the use of a wet alkaline scrubbing system.
Slowdown of scrubbing solution comprises  the  wastewater  stream


                               4055

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY     SECT - IV


associated with this subdivision.

Although alkaline detinning is a net consumer of water because of
evaporation  losses,  a  number  of  wastewater  streams  may  be
generated.  When tin scrap containing aluminum is used, the scrap
is leached with a sodium hydroxide solution prior to entering the
detinning tanks.  The aluminum dissolves in the caustic  solution
and  the  scrap  is  then  rinsed  with water.  The spent caustic
leaching solution and rinse  water  are  discharged  as  a  waste
stream.

Another  wastewater  stream associated with alkaline detinning is
tin mud acid neutralization filtrate.  Tin  mud  may  consist  of
residues  from  the  detinning  tanks,  precipitates  formed when
sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide  is  added  to  the  sodium
stannate  solution  to  precipitate  base  metal impurities, or a
combination of the two.  This "detinners mud" typically  contains
from  3 to 5 percent tin by weight.  The mud is rinsed with fresh
water to recover soluble tin compounds which are returned to  the
detinning  tanks.  The rinsed mud is filtered and eventually sold
to smelters.  One producer neutralizes  this  mud  with  sulfuric
acid  prior  to  dewatering  in  a pressure filter.  The filtrate
cannot be returned  to  the  detinning  tanks  and  is  therefore
discharged  as  a  waste  stream.  The mud has been upgraded to a
product that is approximately 10 percent tin.

Electrowinning is the principal means of recovering tin from  the
sodium stannate solution which is generated in alkaline detinning
operations.  One producer reported the use of tin hydroxide as an
additional raw material to the electrowinning solution.  Prior to
being dissolved in the sodium stannate solution the tin hydroxide
is  washed  with  water  to 'remove impurities.  The wash water is
then discharged as a wastewater  stream.   The  most  significant
wastewater   stream   associated  with  electrowinning  is  spent
electrowinning solution.  The partially depleted sodium  stannate
solution  is recycled to the1 detinning tanks where additional tin
is taken into solution.  A bleed stream is required, however,  in
order to control the buildup of impurities, particularly aluminum
and  carbonates,  in the solution.  This bleed stream comprises a
wastewater stream associated with the electrowinning operation.

When municipal solid waste is used as a raw material to  alkaline
detinning   operations,   a   much   larger  discharge  of  spent
electrowinning solution results.  This larger blowdown stream  is
necessitated  by  impurities which are introduced into the sodium
stannate solution  by  the  raw  material.   Consequently,  spent
electrowinning  solution from municipal solid waste processing is
identified as a separate subdivision.

As an alternative to electrowinning, tin may be precipitated from
solution as tin hydroxide.  The tin hydroxide sludge is dewatered
in a filter press, dried and sold or calcined to tin oxide  in  a
furnace,  and  reduced  with  carbon  in  a  reduction furnace to
produce  tin  metal.   The  'supernatant  and   filtrate   streams
associated  with  tin hydroxide precipitation comprise wastewater


                               4056

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY     SECT - IV


streams associated with this operation.

The  flow  rates  and  characteristics  of  the   tin   hydroxide
supernatant  stream  vary  significantly  depending  on  the  raw
materials used.  Because of this, separate subdivisions have been
identified for tin hydroxide supernatant from each of  two  types
of  raw -materials: tin plated steel scrap, and plating solutions
and  sludges.   Tin  hydroxide  filtrate  from   dewatering   the
precipitated  tin  hydroxide  is  also  designated  as a separate
subdivision.

Following proposal, the Agency decided to combine  tin  hydroxide
supernatant  from  spent plating solutions and tin plating sludge
solids into one subdivision  because  there  is  only  one  plant
discharging these streams, as discussed in Section V.

OTHER FACTORS

The   other  factors  considered in this evaluation  were   shown
to   be inappropriate  bases  for  subdivision.   Air   pollution
control   methods,   treatment   costs,    and    total    energy
requirements  are functions  of  the  selected  subcategorization
factors—metal   product,   raw   materials,    and    production
processes.    Therefore, they   are   not   independent   factors
and   do   not  affect  the subcategorization  which   has   been
developed.    As   discussed  in Section  IV   of   the   General
Development Document, certain other factors, such as  plant  age,
plant  size,  and  the  number  of employees, were also evaluated
and  determined  to  be  inappropriate  for  use  as  bases   for
subdivision of nonferrous metals plants.

PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETERS

As  discussed  previously, the effluent limitations and standards
developed in this document  establish  mass  limitations  on  the
discharge  of  specific  pollutant  parameters.   To  allow these
regulations to be  applied  to  plants  with  various  production
capacities, the mass of pollutant discharged must be related to a
unit  of  production.   This  factor  is  known as the production
normalizing parameter (PNP).

In general, for each production process which  has  a  wastewater
associated  with it, the actual mass of tin product, intermediate
or raw material processed will be used as  the  PNP.   Thus,  the
PNPs for the nine subdivisions are as follows;

     Building Block                                PNP

1. Tin smelter SO2 scrubber            kkg of crude tapped tin
      produced

2, Dealuminizing rinse                 kkg of dealuminized scrap
      produced
                               4057

-------
            SECONDMIY TIN SUBCATEGORY
   SECT - IV
3. Tin mud acid neutralization
      filtrate

4. Tin hydroxide wash

5. Spent electrowinning solution
      from new scrap

6. Spent electrowinning
      solution from municipal
      solid waste

7. Tin hydroxide supernatant from
      scrap

8. Tin hydroxide supernatant from
      plating solutions and
      sludges

9. Tin hydroxide filtrate
kkg of neutralized, dewatered
   tin mud produced

kkg of tin hydroxide washed

kkg of cathode tin produced
kkg of MSW scrap
   used as raw material
kkg of tin metal recovered
kkg of tin metal recovered
   from plating solutions and
   sludges

kkg of tin metal produced
The  PNP  for  subdivision 1,  tin smelter S02 scrubber,  has
been  changed  following  proposal to kkg of  crude  tapped   tin
produced.  This  change  was made based on  information  obtained
during  a visit to a facility generating this wastewater  stream.

Subdivision  8, tin hydroxide, supernatant from plating  solutions
and sludges, is a new subdivision for promulgation, consisting of
the proposed  subdivisions  8  and  9.   As  such,  the  PNP  for
subdivision   8  is  a  combination  of  the  proposed  PNPs  for
subdivisions 8 and 9? that is, kkg of tin  metal  recovered  from
plating solutions and sludges.
                               4058

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V



                            SECTION V

            WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
This  section  describes  the  characteristics of the wastewaters
associated  with the  secondary tin subcategory.   Water use  and
discharge rates are  explained  and  then  summarized  in  tables
at  the  end  of this section.   Data used  to  characterize  the
wastewaters  are  presented.  Finally, the specific source, water
use and discharge flows,, and wastewater characteristics for  each
separate  wastewater  source  are  discussed.  Data    collection
portfolios  (dcp)  and field  sampling  results were used in  the
development  of  effluent  limitations  and  standards  for  this
subcategory.   Data  collection  portfolios  contain  information
regarding wastewater flows and production levels.

In  order  to quantify the pollutant  discharge  from   secondary
tin plants,  a field sampling program was conducted.   A complete
list  of  the  pollutants  considered  and  a  summary   of   the
techniques  used in sampling and laboratory analyses are included
in Section V of the General Development Document.   Samples  were
analyzed  for  124  of  the 126  priority  pollutants  and  other
pollutants  deemed   appropriate.     Because   the    analytical
standard  for  TCDD  was judged to be too hazardous to  be   made
generally   available,  samples  were  never  analyzed  for  this
pollutant.   Samples were also not analyzed for asbestos.    There
is   no  reason  to  expect that  TCDD  or  asbestos   would   be
present  in  wastewater  in the secondary  tin  subcategory.   In
general,   the   samples  were  analyzed for  cyanide  and  three
classes  of  pollutants:  priority organic priority   pollutants,
priority  metal   pollutants,   and   criteria pollutants   (which
includes both conventional and nonconventional pollutants).

Following proposal,  additional  data  were  gathered  concerning
flow,   production,  and  wastewater  characteristics  at   one of
the  tin plants identified in  this  study.    These  data   were
obtained  during  a  field sampling episode, and are contained in
the administrative record supporting this rulemaking.

In addition, EPA collected more economic information on plants in
the   secondary  tin  subcategory,   which is  contained   in  the
administrative record supporting this rulemaking.   Revisions  to
the  economics  analysis are discussed in a  separate   document.
Through  the  economic  data  gathering,  EPA  learned  that  one
secondary  tin  plant  had  changed  discharge  status  following
proposal.   Using  an evaporation system,  plant 1014 changed from
being an indirect discharger to a zero discharge  facility.    Due
to  this  process  change,   EPA decided to revise the subdivision
scheme for this subcategory, by combining 2 subdivisions  into  1
subdivision,  namely,  combining  tin  hydroxide supernatant from
spent plating solutions and tin hydroxide supernatant from sludge
solids into tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions  and


                               4059

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


sludges.   As  discussed  in  Section  IV,  the  PNP for this new
subdivision has also been appropriately revised.   This  revision
is being made for regulatory simplification reasons, and will not
affect   the  mass  limitations  with  which  any plant  in  this
subcategory must comply.  This change is discussed in more detail
later in this section and als^o in section IX.

After proposal,  EPA gathered additional wastewater sampling data
for  two of the subdivisions in this subcategory,  tin  mud  acid
neutralization filtrate and dealuminizing rinse.  These data were
acquired  through  a  self sampling   program  conducted  at  the
specific  request  of  EPA. The data  include  analysis  for  the
priority metals antimony, arsenic,  cadmium,  chromium,   copper,
lead,  nickel,  selenium, silver,  thallium  and zinc.   The data
also  include  analyses  for  cyanide  and  the   nonconventional
pollutant tin.   The data support the  assumptions  which EPA had
made  at proposal  concerning  the presence  and   concentrations
of  pollutants  in  these  subdivisions where  we  did  not  have
analytical  data  for  specific  pollutants. For   this   reason,
the  selection of  pollutant  parameters  for limitation  in this
subcategory  (Section VI) has not been revised based on this  new
data.

As  described in Section IV of this supplement,   the   secondary
tin   subcategory  has  been  divided  into  9  subdivisions   or
wastewater  sources,   so   that   the  promulgated    regulation
contains   mass discharge   limitations   and   standards for   9
unit  processes discharging process wastewater.  Differences   in
the    wastewater   characteristics   associated    with    these
subdivisions   are to be expected.  For this  reason,  wastewater
streams    corresponding   to  each  subdivision  are   addressed
separately  in  the discussions that  follow.   These  wastewater
sources are:

(a) Tin smelter SC>2 scrubber,
(b) Dealuminizing rinse,
(c) Tin mud acid neutralization filtrate,
(d) Tin hydroxide wash,
(e) Spent electrowinning solution from new scrap,
(f) Spent electrowinning solytion from municipal solid waste,
(g) Tin hydroxide supernatant from scrap,
(h) Tin hydroxide supernatant from plating solutions and sludges,
      and
(i) Tin hydroxide filtrate.

WASTEWATER FLOW RATES

Data   supplied   by   dcp  responses  were  evaluated,  and  two
flow-to-production  ratios,  water use and wastewater  discharge,
were   calculated   for   each   stream.    The  two  ratios  are
differentiated by the flow  value used in the calculation.  Water
use is defined as the volume of water or other fluid required for
a given process per mass of tin product and is therefore based on
the sum of recycle and make-;up  flows  to  a  given  process   to
further  treatment,  disposal,  or  discharge  per  mass  of  tin


                               4060

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


produced.  Differences between the water use and wastewater flows
associated with a given stream result from recycle,  evaporation,
and   carry-over  on  the  product.   The production values  used
in   calculation  correspond  to  the   production    normalizing
parameter, PNP,  assigned  to each stream, as outlined in Section
IV.  As an example,  tin  smelter S02 scrubber water flow  is
related   to  the  production  of  crude tapped tin.    As  such,
the  discharge rate  is expressed in liters of scrubber water per
metric    ton  of   crude  tapped  tin   (gallons   of   scrubber
water per ton  of crude tapped tin)."

The production  normalized  discharge  flows  were  compiled  and
statistically   analyzed   by   stream  type.   These  production
normalized  water  use  and  discharge  flows  are  presented  by
subdivision   in  Tables  V-l  through  V-9  (pages 4068 - 4070).
Where  appropriate, an  attempt  was  made  to  identify  factors
that   could   account   for   variations   in   water  use   and
discharge rates.  These variations are discussed  later  in  this
section  by subdivision.  A similar analysis of factors affecting
the wastewater flows is presented in  Sections  X,  XI,  and  XII
where  representative  BAT;  NSPS,  and  pretreatment  flows  are
selected for use in calculating the effluent limitations.

The water use and discharge rates shown do not include nonprocess
wastewater, such as rainfall runoff and noncontact cooling water.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS DATA

Data used to characterize the various wastewaters associated with
secondary tin production come from two sources —- data collection
portfolios  and analytical data from field  sampling trips.

DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS

In the data collection portfolios, the tin plants that  discharge
wastewater  were  asked  to specify the presence  or  absence  of
priority  pollutants  in  their  wastewater.    Three of the  five
discharging  plants  responded.   The  responses  are  summarized
below:

Pollutant         Known Present        Believed Present

antimony               1                      2
arsenic                1                      0
cadmium                1                      0
chromium               1                      0
copper                 1                      1
cyanide                1                      0
lead                   1                      1
mercury                0                      1
nickel                 2                      0
selenium               0                      1
silver                 1                      0
zinc                   1                      1
                               4061

-------
              SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
 FIELD  SAMPLING DATA

 In  order  to quantify  the concentrations of pollutants present  in
 wastewater  from  secondary  tin plants,  wastewater samples were
 collected at five plants,  which represent more  than  one-third
 of   the   secondary tin plants in the  United  States.   Diagrams
 indicating  the  sampling  sites  and   contributing   production
 processes   are  shown in Figures V-l through V-5  (pages 4210
 4214).

 Raw wastewater data  are summarized in Tables V-10  through   V-15
 (pages 4071 - 4140).  Data from samples of treated  and  partially
 treated   wastewater   streams  are  presented   in   Tables  V-16
 through   V-22 (pages  4151 - 4205).    The  stream numbers  listed
 in  the  tables correspond to those given in the individual  plant
 sampling  site diagrams,   Figures  V-l  through V-5.   Where  no
 data are listed for  a specific day of sampling,  the  wastewater
 samples   for  the stream were not collected.

 Several   points regarding these tables should be noted.  The data
 tables include some samples measured at concentrations considered
 not   quantifiable.     The   base-neutral   extractable,    acid
 extractable,  and  volatile prganics generally are  considered not
 quantifiable at concentrations equal to or less than 0.010  mg/1.
 Below  this  concentration,  organic  analytical  results are not
 quantitatively accurate; however,  the  analyses  are  useful  to
 indicate  the  presence of a particular pollutant.  The pesticide
 fraction  is considered not quantifiable at  concentrations  equal
 to or less than 0.005 mg/1.

 The  detection limits  shown on the data tables for priority metals
 and  conventional and  nonconventional pollutants are not the  same
 in   all   cases  as  the  published  detection  limits  for  these
 pollutants by the same analytical methods. The detection   limits
 used  were  reported  with  the analytical data and hence are the
 appropriate  limits   to  apply  to  the  data.  Detection   limit
 variation  can  occur  as a result of  a  number  of  laboratory-
 specific,   equipment-specific,   and   daily   operator-specific
 factors.  These  factors can include  day-to-day  differences  in
 machine calibration, variation in stock solutions, and  variation
 in operators.

 The   statistical   analysis   of  data  includes  some   samples
 measured at concentrations considered not quantifiable.  For data
 considered as detected but below quantifiable  concentrations,   a
 value    of    zero    is    used    for   averaging.    Priority
 organic,   nonconventional,   and  conventional  pollutant   data
 reported   with   a   "less  . than"   sign   are   considered   as
 detected,   but not further quantifiable.  A value of zero is also
 used   for   averaging.     If  one   of   these   pollutants   is
 reported   as  not detected,  it is assigned a value of  zero  in
 calculating   the  average.    Finally,  priority  metal   values
 reported  as less than a certain value were considered  as  below
quantification,    and    consequently   were assigned a value  of


                               4062

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


zero in  the calculation of the average.

Finally,  appropriate  source  water concentrations are presented
with the summaries of the sampling data.   The  method  by  which
each sample was collected is indicated by number, as follows:

1   one-time grab
2   manual composite during intermittent process operation
3   8-hour manual composite
4   8-hour automatic composite
5   24-hour manual composite
6   24-hour automatic composite

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOWS BY SUBDIVISION

Since   secondary tin production involves 9 principal sources  of
wastewater     and    each    has      potentially      different
characteristics  and  flows,  the  wastewater characteristics and
discharge  rates  corresponding  to  each  subdivision  will   be
described  separately.  A brief description of why the associated
production processes generate a wastewater and  explanations  for
variations  of  water  use  within  each subdivision will also be
discussed.

TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER

There is one  facility  which  produces  tin  metal  through  the
smelting   of  tin  concentrates  and  residues.   This  facility
reported  the  use  of  a  'wet  scrubbing   system   to   control
SO2s  emissions    in  the  smelter  flue  gas.      The   scrubber
uses   a  recirculating  alkaline solution.   A  portion  of  the
solution   must  be  discharged  in order to  maintain  effective
SO2  removal.   The water use and wastewater discharge  rates for
this   stream   are  shown in liters per metric  ton   of   crude
tapped tin in Table V-l (page 4049).

Following  proposal, the one facility reporting this waste stream
was visited and  the  scrubber  blowdown  was  sampled.   It  was
determined  that this scrubber currently operates at greater than
90  percent  recycle.   The  blowdown  is   directly   discharged
following equalization, chemical precipitation and sedimentation.
Analytical   data  for  this  stream are presented in Table  V-10
(page  4071).  These  data  show  treatable   concentrations   of
arsenic,   cadmium, chromium,   copper,   lead,   selenium,   zinc,
tin,  and  suspended solids.

DEALUMINIZING RINSE

Aluminum present in tin plated steel  scrap  may  be  removed  by
leaching  in  a  sodium  hydroxide  solution  prior  to  alkaline
detinning.  The aluminum dissolves in the  caustic  solution  and
the  scrap  is  then rinsed and charged to the alkaline detinning
tanks.   One plant reported this practice.  A portion of their raw
material is tin plated steel  scrap separated from municipal solid
waste.   The spent caustic leaching solution and  rinse  water  are


                               4063

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


discharged  as  a  waste stream.  The one facility reporting this
waste stream is a direct  discharger.   The  dealuminizing  waste
stream  is  treated  with  sodium  sulfide to precipitate metals,
chlorinated to destroy cyanide,  and  neutralized  with  sulfuric
acid.   Solids  are  removed  from  the  neutralized  stream in a
sedimentation  pond  prior  to  discharge.   The  water  use  and
discharge  rates are presented in Table V-2 (page 4068) in liters
per  metric ton of dealuminized scrap produced.

There  was no analytical data for  this  stream available  before
proposal  and  it  was  expected  to  be  similar  to  the  spent
electrowinning  solution  with a very alkaline pH  and  treatable
levels of  cyanide  and  certain toxic metals including  arsenic,
lead,  nickel  and selenium. Data supplied to  the  Agency  after
proposal  corroborates the assumption that a treatable  level  of
cyanide is present.

TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE

One  facility  reported  neutralization  of tin mud with sulfuric
acid prior to dewatering in a  filter  press.   The  neutralized,
dewatered  mud  is  sold as a by-product.   The filtrate from the
dewatering step is discharged as a wastewater stream.  Water  use
and    discharge  rates  are  presented in Table V-3 (page  4068)
in  liters  per  metric ton of  neutralized,  dewatered  tin  mud
produced.

Analytical   data   for  this  wastewater stream  were  collected
after  proposal through a self sampling program at  the  specific
request  of  EPA. These data are presented in  Table  V-23  (page
4209)   and   show   that  this   stream    contains    treatable
concentrations of  cyanide  and zinc.

TIN HYDROXIDE WASH

One  facility  reported  the use of tin  hydroxide,  Sn(OH)4,  as
a raw material in their electrolytic tin production  process. The
tin     hydroxide    is   washed   with    water    to     remove
impurities,  dissolved  in a sodium hydroxide solution and  mixed
with   the   tin solution  from the alkaline detinning  operation
prior   to  entering  the   electrowinning   cell.     The    tin
hydroxide  wash  water  is discharged  as  a  waste stream.   The
one  facility  reporting  this  stream  achieves  zero  discharge
through  the  use of an  evaporation pond.    The water  use  and
discharge  rates  are  shown  in liters per  metric  ton  of  tin
hydroxide washed in Table V-4 (page 4069).

There are no analytical data available for this  stream.   It  is
expected  to  have  an alkaline pH and a treatable level of total
suspended solids.   Also,  Some priority metals may be present if
they are present in the tin hydroxide.

SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP

Electrowinning is the principal method for  recovering  tin  from


                               4064

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


the  alkaline  detinning solution.  After the tin has been plated
onto the cathode and the solution has been depleted, the solution
is either recycled to the detinning tank or  discarded  depending
on  the  amount and type of impurities present.  Of the 10 plants
which  practice  alkaline  detinning,  eight  recover  tin   from
solution  via  electrowinning.   Of  these  eight facilities, six
achieve zero discharge through various combinations  of  recycle,
evaporation, contractor disposal and sales.  Of the two remaining
plants  one  is a direct discharger; and the other is an indirect
discharger.  Water use and discharge rates are presented in Table
V-5 (page 4069) in liters per metric ton of cathode tin produced.

Table  V-ll  (page 4082) summarizes the raw  wastewater  sampling
data   for   the   priority   and   selected   conventional   and
nonconventional  pollutants.  It  can be seen  that  there    are
treatable  concentrations  of several  priority  metals   present
including  antimony, arsenic, lead, nickel,  selenium,   thallium
and zinc. Also, treatable concentrations of cyanide  are present.
This wastewater stream has a very alkaline pH  (approximately 12)
and high concentrations of total suspended solids.

SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

When tin plated steel scrap which was  recovered  from  municipal
solid  waste   (MSW)  is  Used  as  a  raw  material  for alkaline
detinning and electrowinning, a significantly larger discharge of
spent electrowinning solution is necessary because of  additional
impurities  introduced into the solution.  There is currently one
facility using MSW as a source of raw material.   The  water  use
and    discharge  rates  for this stream are shown in  Table  V-6
(page  4069) in liters per metric ton of MSW scrap used  as   raw
material.    This  flow   rate is  estimated  using  a  procedure
described in Section IX of this document.

The   facility   reporting  this  extra   discharge   of    spent
electrowinning  solution  is  a direct discharger after treatment
consisting   of    chlorination,    acid    neutralization    and
sedimentation.    The  characteristics  of  this  wastewater  are
assumed  to  be  similar  to   the   characteristics   of   spent
electrowinning solution as discussed previously.

TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP

Tin  may  be  recovered from solution  by  precipitation  as  tin
hydroxide,  Sn(OH)4.  Tin  is  present  in  solution  as   sodium
stannate, Na2SnO3. Tin hydroxide will precipitate when the pH  is
lowered  to 7.0 with sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate is  added
to  pH  7.8. The characteristics and production  normalized  flow
rates of the resultant supernatant stream are dependent upon  the
raw  material  used.  The three possible raw  materials  are  tin
plated  steel scrap, spent plating solutions, and plating  sludge
solids.

The water use and wastewater discharge rates  for  tin  hydroxide
supernatant  from  scrap  are  shown  in Table V-7 (page 4070)  in


                               4065

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


liters   per metric ton of tin metal recovered from  scrap.   The
one  facility reporting this stream is a direct discharger  after
treatment  by sedimentation. Table V-12 (page  4102)   summarizes
the  raw wastewater sampling data for the  priority and  selected
conventional and nonconventional pollutants. It can be seen  that
treatable  levels  of priority metals are  present,  particularly
antimony  at  4.4  mg/1. This'waste stream has a pH  of  8.3  and
treatable  levels  of oil and grease and total  suspended  solids
(TSS).

TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES

Two plants reported the use of spent tin plating solutions as raw
material.   One  facility recovers tin as tin hydroxide from both
spent plating solutions and plating sludge solids.  This facility
dissolves tin from the sludge1solids into the plating solution by
adding additional water, while heating and lancing with air.  Tin
hydroxide is then precipitated from the resultant solution.   The
second  facility  uses  only ,spent plating solutions.  Following
proposal,  the  Agency  learned   that   the   second    facility
revised   their   process   for  recovering  tin  from  solution.
Instead  of  precipitating  tin  hydroxide  using  ammonia,   and
discharging the liquids, the solution is completely evaporated in
an  oven  to  produce a tin hydrate product.  No process water is
discharged from this operation.

The Agency revised this subdivision for promulgation by combining
tin hydroxide supernatant from spent plating solutions with   tin
hydroxide  supernatant  from  tin plating sludge solids to form a
new subdivision, namely tin hydroxide  supernatant  from  plating
solutions  and  sludges.   The  water use and discharge rates for
this  subdivision are presented in Table V-8 (page 4070).    This
revision   was made  to  simplify  the  regulation, and will  not
change the mass limitations with which any plant must comply.

Sampling data for tin  hydroxide  supernatant  from  tin  plating
solutions   and  sludges is presented in Table V-13 (page  4113).
The  samples  were collected at the facility  which   uses   both
spent   plating solutions and tin sludge solids as raw  materials
to tin hydroxide precipitation   operations.    It  can  be  seen
that    treatable  concentrations   of   priority   metals    are
present,   particularly  antimony   which  was  detected   at   a
maximum    concentration    of 3.1   mg/1.    Cyanide    is   also
present  with  a   maximum  observed concentration  of  16  mg/1.
Very  high concentrations of  fluoride are   present    in   this
wastewater   with  concentrations  from 12,000  to  15,000  mg/1.
This    fluoride    originates   from   tin   fluoroborate    and
fluoroboric  acid  which  are  used in the  tin  plating   baths.
This  wastewater  has   a   nearly-neutral   pH   and   treatable
concentrations   of suspended solids.

TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

When  tin  hydroxide  slurry  is  separated  from the supernatant
stream, it may be further dewatered in a filter  press  prior  to


                               4066

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V


drying.   The  resultant  filtrate  is discharged as a wastewater
stream.  Water use and discharge rates  are  presented  in  Table
V-10 (page 4071) in liters per metric ton of tin metal produced.

The  one  facility  reporting  this stream is a direct discharger
after  treatment  by sedimentation.    Table   V-14  (page  4129)
summarizes   the sampling data for this waste stream.   Treatable
concentrations  of  cyanide  and  priority   metals  are  present
including  antimony  at 2.4  mg/1.   Treatable concentrations  of
fluoride  and  TSS  are also present.
                               4067

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                            SECT - ¥
                            TABLE V-l

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
                  TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER

              (1/kkg of crude tapped tin produced)
Plant Code
   1118
Percent
Recycle

  >90
Production
Normalized
Water Use

    NR
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

     9198
                            TABLE ¥-2

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
                       DEALU^INIZING RINSE

             (1/kkg of dealurainized scrap produced)
Plant Code

   1046
Percent
Recycle

    0
Production
Normalized
Water Use

    35
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

       35
                            TABLE ¥-3

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
              TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE

        (1/kkg of neutralized, dewatered tin mud produced)
Plant Code
   1046
Percent
Recycle

    0
Production
Normalized
Water Use

  5047
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

     5047
                               4068

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
Plant Code

   1049
                            TABLE V-4

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
                       TIN HYDROXIDE WASH

                 (1/kkg of tin hydroxide washed)
Percent
Recycle

    0
Production
Normalized
Water Use

  11953
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

     11953
                            TABLE V-5

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
          SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP
                 (1/kkg of cathode tin produced)


Plant Code
1047
1049
1048
1054
1046
1056
1057
1144

Percent
Recycle
0
0
NR
0
0
0
0
NR
Production
Normalized
Water Use
NR
24069
NR
; 16609
15145
12489
10498
NR
                                                    Production
                                                    Normalized
                                                  Discharge Rate

                                                         NR
                                                      24069
                                                      21982

                                                      16609
                                                      15145
                                                      12489

                                                      10498
                                                         NR
                            TABLE V-6
                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
    SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

           (1/kkg of MSW scrap used as a raw material)
             Percent
Plant Code   Recycle
   1047
    0
Production
Normalized
Water Use

   119
  Production
  Normali zed
Discharge.Rate

      119
                               4069

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                            SECT - V
                            TABLE V-7

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
              TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP

             (1/kkg of tin metal recovered from scrap)
Plant Code
   1036
Percent
Recycle
Production
Normalized
Water Use

 55640
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

    55640
                            TABLE V-8

                  WATER USE AND DISCHARGE RATES
  TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM. PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES

(1/kkg of tin metal recovered from plating solutions and sludges)
Plant Code
   1036
Percent
Recycle

    0
Production
Normalized
Water Use

 115000
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

    115000
                            TABLE V-9

                  WATER USE,AND DISCHARGE RATES
                     TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

                  (1/kkg of tin metal produced)
Plant Code
   1118
Percent
Recycle

  >90
Production
Normalized
Water Use

    NR
  Production
  Normalized
Discharge Rate

     9198
                               4070

-------
         Table V-10

     SCRUBBER BLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Stream    Sample
                              Concentrations (mg/1)


Toxic

1.



5.



8.



9.

12.


18.

20.

21.

22.

24.

Pollutant

Pollutants

acenaphthene



benzidine



1 , 2,4-trichlorobenzene



hexachlorobenzene

hexachlo roe thane


bts(2-ehloroethyl) ether

2-chloronaphthalene

2,4,6-trichlorophenol

p-chloro-m-cresol

2-ehlorophenol

Code



895



895



895



895

895


895

895

895

895

895

Typet



6



6



6



6

6


6

6

6

6

6

Source



ND



ND



ND



ND

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1



ND
ND


ND
ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 S
o
§
O
s
K
HI
H
25
CO
c
w
o
!-3
W
Q
0
%

OT
O
^
i
"^








-------
   Table V-10 (Continued)

     SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic
25.



26.



o 27.
tu

28.

31.

34.

35.
36.
37.

39.


Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)
1 , 2-dichlorobenzene



1 , 3-d ichlorobenzene



1 ,4-dichlorobenzene


3,3' -dichlorobenzidine

2 , 4 -d ichloropheno 1

2,4-dimethylphenol

2, 4-d in itro toluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine

fluoranthene

Stream
Code


895



895



895


895

895

895

895
895
895

895

Sample
Typet


6



6



6


6

6

6

6
6
6

6

Concentrations (rag/1) &
Source


ND



ND



ND


ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

Day 1


ND
ND


ND
ND


ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 "
o
1
1
i-i
H
53
w
C
ta
o
s
M
Q
O
K

W
M
O
I
<







-------
O

us
                                         Table V-10 (Continued)

                                           SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
                                      RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                                            Stream    Sample    	Concentrations (mg/1)



Toxic
40.


41.


42.


43.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

Pollutant


Pollutants (Continued)
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether


4-bromophenyl phenyl ether


bis(2-ehloroisopropyl) ether


bis ( 2-chloroethoxy) methane

hexachlorobutadiene

hexachlorocyclopentadiene

isophorone

naphthalene

nitrobenzene

Code



895


895


895


895

895

895

895

895

895

Typet



6


6


6


6

6

6

6

6

6

Source



ND


ND


ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1



ND
ND

ND
-ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
o
55
O

H
25
to
• - ' ' 'G
ttJ
a
1-3
M
Q
0
K

V)
w
Q
1
<







-------
   Table V-10 (Continued)

     SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


Toxic
57.

58.


o 59.
-4
id

60.

61.


62.

63.

64.

65.

Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)
2-nitrophenol

4 -nitro phenol


2,4-dinitrophenol



4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol

N-nitrosodimethylaraine


N-nitrosodiphenylaraine

N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

pentaehlorophenol

phenol

Code


895

895


895



895

895


895

895

895

895

Typet


6

6


6



6

6


6

6

6

6

Source


ND

ND


ND



ND

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 "
O
§
1
i-a
H
W
. a
w
o
U3
i
Q
O
»

tn
M
Q
1
<







-------
   Table V-10 (Continued)

     SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic

66.


67.

*».
3 68.
Cn

69.

70.


71.

72.

73.
•J
74.


Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)

bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate


butyl benzyl phthalate


di-n-butyl phthalate


di-n-oetyl phthalate

diethyl phthalate


dimethyl phthalate

benzo ( a) anthracene

benzo(a)pyrene

benzo(b)fluoranthene

Stream
Code



895


895


895


895

895


895

895

895

895

Sample
Typet



6


6


6


6

6


6

6

6

6

Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source



ND


ND


ND


ND

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 n
P
O
50
K
3
25
to
G
co
o
HI
M

3

to
M
Q
1-3
i
<







-------
                                         Table V-1Q  (Continued)

                                           SCRUBBER  SLOWDOWN
                                      RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
£>.
O

CTS



Toxic
75.


76.


77.


78.

79.


80.

81.

82.

83.


Pollutant


Pollutants (Continued)
benzo ( k) fluoran thane


chrysene


acenaphthylene


anthracene (a)

benzo (ghi) per ylene


fluorene

phenanthrene (a)

dibenzo(a ,h) anthracene

indeno (1 ,2,3-c,d)pyrene

Stream
Code



895


895


895


895

895


895

895

895

895

Sample
Typet



6


6


6


6

6


6

6

6

6

Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source



ND


ND


ND


ND

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND

Day 1


ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
2!
O
1
1-3
H
X
W
C
w
o
H!
C5
O
K


n
t-3
i
<







-------
   Table V-10 (Continued)

     SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic

84.


114.

g 115.

-4
117.

118.


119.

120.

121.

122.

123.


Pollutant


Pollutants (Continued)

pyrene


antimony

arsenic


beryllium

cadmium


chromium

copper

cyanide (total)

lead

mercury

Stream
Code



895


895

895


895

895


895

895

895

895

895

Sample
Typet



6


6

6


6

6


6

6

1

6

6

Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND


0.0013

" 0.007


<0.010

<0.030


<0.030

<0.030

<0.01

0.054

0.0149

Day 1



ND
ND

0.047

3.20
4.50

<0.010
<0.010
0.30
0.30

0.10
0.084
0.35
0.37
<0.01
<0.01
3.00
3.70
0.0129
0.005
Day 2





0.078

4.50


<0.010

0.30


0.12

0.28

<0.01

3.70

0.013

Day 3






0.048

2,10


<0.010

0.30


0.99

0.60

<0.01

2.80

0.0094

OT
O
a
1
K
HI
I—I
55
W
W
O
s
w
o
K

m
o
>3
i
<








-------
   Table V-10 (Continued)

     SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet
Source Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

124.



125.

it*
5 126.
00

127.

128.


nickel



selenium


silver


thallium

zinc


895



895


895


895

895


6



6


6


6

6


0.052 <0.
0.


<0.001 0.
0.

0.0014 0.
0.

<0.001 0.
0.
0.030 0.
2.

25
15


33
44

0045
0133

0026
0037
14
30

0.18



0.55


0.0042


0.0031

2.20
!

0.16



0.40


0.0059


0.0030

2.10

Nonconventional Pollutants
Acidity


Alkalinity


Aluminum


895

895

895

6

6

6

10 60
180
160 <1
65
2.80 5.
6.




50
00
50

99

7.80

61

80

7.50

OT
' W
O
1
1

h3
H
53
W
§
O
g
w
o
o
£2

w
W
o
1
<






-------
*».
o
                                          Table V-10 (Continued)


                                            SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN

                                       RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                                             Stream    Sample    	Concentrations (mg/1)
Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
Ammonia Nitrogen

Barium



Boron



Calcium

Chloride


Cobalt

Fluoride

Iron

Magnesium

Manganese

Code


895

895



895



895

895


895

895

895

895

895

Typet


6

6



6



6

6


6

6

6

6

6

Source


0.04

0.12



0.17



0.067
2
155 >19
^19

<0.030

0.40

2.80

0.018

0.11

Day 1


2.2
2.4
0.18
0;43


26.00
40.00


3.40
,700
,000
,000

0.081
0.11
9.3
7.5
140
190
0.069
58
0.45
0.25
Day 2


1.9

0.21



36.00



4.20

780


0.13

7.4

250

0.078

0.47

Day 3


1.8

0.27



5.90



3.00

380


0.60

7.0

250

0.070

0.49

w
o
o
65
O
1
H

Ol
G
W
O

tt
Q
O
3

OT
ft
O
I










-------
                                    Table V-10  (Continued)

                                      SCRUBBER  SLOWDOWN
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

Molybdenum


Germanium


Indium


Sodium


Sulfate


Tin


Titanium


Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)


Total Organic Carbon (TOG)
btream
Code



895


895


895


895

895

895

895

895

895

bample
Typet



6


6


6


6

6

6

6

6

6

Con
Source



<0.030


<0.50


<0.50


0.12

46 1,
1,
<0.25

<0.25

510 4,
3,
13

;cen




-------
                                    Table V-10 (Continued)

                                      SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN
                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA

Pollutant

Total Solids (TS)

Vanadium

Yttrium
*>.
o
2 Conventional Pollutants


Oil and Grease
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)


pH (standard units)

Stream
Code

895

895

895





895
895


895

Sample Concentrations ^ing/1)
Typet Source Day 1

6 650

6 <0.030

6 <0.25





1 <1
6 5


7.20


6,400 35,
9,300
0.048
<0.030
<0.25
<0.25




<1
5,400 26,
9,900

6.25
6.25
in
Day 2 Day 3 w

000

0.

<0.





1
000


6.


1,800

067 0.070

25 <0.25





4
10,000


20 6.60

O
|

1-3
H
as
w
G
a
if
w
Q
O

to
W
o
I
J
tSample Type Code:   1  - One-time grab
                    6  - 24-hour automatic  composite

-------
                                              Table  V-11

                                     SPENT  ELECTROWINNING  SOLUTION
                                     RAW  WASTEWATER  SAMPLING  DATA
                Pollutant
o
00
     Toxic Pollutants
       1,   acenaphthene
       2.   acroletn
       3.   acrylonitrile
Stream
 Code
 455
 843
 856

 455
 843
 856

 455
 843
 856
Sample
Typet
                                                                   Concentrations  (mg/1)
Source
            ND
            ND
            ND

            ND
            ND
            ND

            ND
            ND
            ND
           ND
           ND
           ND

           ND
           NU
           ND

           ND
           ND
           ND
w
w

I
KJ
1-1
H
•25
M
a
td
o
s
g
o
       4.   benzene
       5.   benzldine
 455
 843
 856

 455
 843
 856
           0.013
            ND
            ND

            ND
            ND
            ND
          0.051
          0.047
          0.003

           ND
           ND
           ND
                                                                                                  M
                                                                                                  O
i
<
       6.   carbon tetrachlortde
 455
 843
 856
            ND
            ND
            ND
           ND
           ND
           ND
       7,   chlorobenzene
 455
 843
 856
            ND
            ND
            ND
           ND
           ND
           ND

-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING  SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant
o
00
     Toxic Pollutants  (Continued)


       8,  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
       9.  acenaphthene
       10.  acrolein
       11,  acrylonitrile
       12.  benzene
       13.   1,1-diehloroethane
       14.   1,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code


455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet


1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
0.066
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
en
w
Day 3 8
""'"••'«'••••••« ' in -J- y**t
O
Kj

H
25
CO
§
o
w
Q
§
(<

w
w
o
1-3
I
<;









-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
00
tfc.
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 15.  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane




 16.  ehloroethane




 17.  bis(chlororaethyl)ether




 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether




 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether




 20.  2-chloronaphthalene




 21.  2,4,6-triehlorophenol
Stream
Code




455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet




1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source




ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 £
55
O
.B
K

H
25
W
§
O
t-i
w
Q
O
K

W
W
O
Hi

1
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
oo
Ul
           Pollutant


Toxic P o11utant s (Continued)


 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol





 23.  chloroform





 24.  2-chlorophenol





 25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene





 26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene





 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene





 28.  3,3'-diehlorobenzidine
Stream
Code

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) w
Source

ND
ND
ND
0.038
ND
0.037
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
. -ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
•ND
ND-
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
K
H
as
w
•s
n
-H
M
Q
O
KJ

Cfl
w
o
1
<









-------
                                       Table V-11  (Continued)

                                     SPENT ELECTROWINN ING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
01
           Pollutant

Tox1c Po1lutant s (Continued)

 29.  1,I-dichloroethylene



 30.  1 ,2-trans-dichloroethylene



 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol



 32.  1,2-dichloropropane



 33.  1,3-dichloropropene



 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol



 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
                                                                   Concentrations (rag/1)
                                                               Source
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
 ND
 ND
 NU

 ND
 ND
 ND

 ND
 ND
 ND

 NU
 ND
 ND

 ND
 ND
 ND

0.009
 ND
 ND

 ND
 ND
 ND
                                                                                             w
                                                                                                  i
                                                                                                  o
                                                                                                  H
                                                                                                  S
                                                                                                  W
                                                                                                  C
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  o
w
Q
O
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  n

-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)


                                     SPENT KLh'CTKOWINNINU SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
03
                Pollutant
     Toxic Pollutants


      36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
      37.  1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine
      38.  ethylbenzene
      39,  fluoranthene
      40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
      41 .  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
      42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Stream
Code


455
843
856


455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet


1
1
1


.1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
UJ
w
Day 3 g
i
K
1-3
H
25
W
cj
W
O
1
Q
O
K;

w
M
O

1
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant


     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


      43.  bis(2-chloroethoxy)raethane
      44.  methylene chloride

o
03
03


      45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)
      46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)
      47.  bromoforra (tribromomethane)
      48.  diehlorobromomethane
      49.  trichlorofluoromethane
Stream
Code

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet

1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source

ND
ND
ND

0.019
ND
0.021

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1

ND
ND
ND

0.031
ND
0.025

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
O
X
(-3
H
as
w
s
o
1
Q
8
KJ

M
O

1
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)

                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                     HAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*».
o
00
VD
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 50.  dichlorodifluoromethane



 51.  chlorodibromomethane



 52.  hexachlorobutadiene



 53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene



 54.  isophorone



 55.  naphthalene



 56.  nitrobenzene
                                            Stream
                                             Code
455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856
         Sample
         Typet
Source




ND
ND
ND

0.002
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
	 Q
•z
u
§
K
M

Cfl
§
O
f-3
M
Q
O
Kj

W
M
O
>"3
I
<









-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)



                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
it*.
o
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 57.  2-nitrophenol






 58.  4-nitrophenol






 59.  2,4-dinitrophenol






 60.  4,6-dinitro-o-eresol






 61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine






 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine






 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Stream
Code



455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet



1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source



ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
0.060
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
S3
O
I
H
- as
w
§
a
1
o
s

w
M
1-3
I
<









-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROW1NNING SOLUTION

                                     RAW WASTEWATEK SAMPLING DATA
o
vo
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 64.  pentachlorophenol





 65.  phenol





 66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate





 67.  butyl benzyl phthalate





 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate





 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate





 70.  diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code


455
843
856

455
843
856


455
843
856
455

843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet


1
1
1

1
1
1


1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) &
Source


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND


0.006
0.054
0.004
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1

ND
ND
ND

0.017
0.130
0.020


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 n
	 	 	 Q
1
NJ
1-3
H
a;
en
s
o
i-3
M
Q
O
S

w
t*3
o
1-3
I
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
.fa.
o
(O
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 71.  dimethyl phthalate





 72.  benzo(a)anthracene





 73.  benzo(a)pyrene





 74.  benzo(b)fluoranthene





 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthene





 76.  ehrysene





 77.  acenaphthylene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cone
Source


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
entrations (ing/l)
Day 1 Day 2


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
w
Day 3 »
o
1

H3
H
25
W

O
§
w
8
3

w
td
o

i
.









-------
                                       Table V-11 (Continued)


                                    SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION

                                    RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
k0
UJ
           Pollutant


Toxjic Po 1 lutants (Continued)


 78.  anthracene     (a)





 79.  benzo(ghi)perylene





 80.  fluorene





 81.  phenanthrene   (a)





 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene





 83.  indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene





 84.  pyrene
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.063
WJ
W
Day 3 §
1
H
53
W
Q
td
0
KX
Kj

W
w
o
1-3

I
<









-------
                                   Table V-11 (Continued)

                                SPENT ELECTRONINNING SOLUTION
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic P o 1 1 u t an t s (Continued)

 85.  tetrachloroethylene
86
89
90
91
      toluene
 87.  trichloroethylene
 88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
      aldrin
      dieldrin
      chlordane
Stream
Code




455
843
856

455
843
856


455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet




1
1
1

1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations ^rag/l) w
Source




ND
ND
ND

0.001
0.093
0.005


ND
ND
0.007
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND
0.399

0.018
0.017
0.005


ND
ND
0.009
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
o
55
O
g
K;
H
a
CO
i
Q
B
M
O
O
«!

w
M
H3
I
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)

                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
O
\O
in
           Pollutant

Toxi c PoIlutant s (Continued)

 92.  4,4'-DDT



 93.  4,4'-DDE



 94.  4,4'-DDD



 95.  alpha-endosulfan



 96.  beta-endosulfan



 97.  endosulfan sulfate



 98.  endrin
                                            Stream
                                             Code
455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856
         Sample
         Typet
Source



ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND


ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 O
§
O
3
K
Hi
3
C/l
a
td
n
•if*

m
n
§
K

w

a
(-3
<









-------
                                       Table V-11 (Continued)

                                    SPENT KLECTROWINN1NG SOLUTION
                                    RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
a\
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 99.  endrin aldehyde



100.  heptachlor



101.  heptachlor epoxide



102.  alpha-BHC



103.  beta-BHC



104.  garama-BHC



105.  delta-BHC
Stream
Code
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
                                                                   Concentrations (mg/1)
                                                               Source
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                  H
                                                                                                  55
                                                                                                  m
                                                                                                  S
                                                                                                  o
M
Ci
O

Hj
                                                                                                  W
                                                                                                  (1

-------
                                        Table V-11  (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWIMNING  SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
o
VD
           Pollutant


ToxicPollutants (Continued)


1D6.  PCB-1242     (b)




107.  PGB-1254     (b)




1U8.  PCB-1221     (b)




109.  PCB-1232     (c)




11U.  PCB-1248     (c)




111..  PCB-1260     (c)




112.  PCB-1016     (c)
Stream
Code



455
843
856

455
843
856


455
843
856
455
843
S56

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet



1
1
1

1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) %*
Source



ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
•N;D
Day 2 Day 3 Q
	 J. 	 	 J. 	 Q
as
&
S*
H
as
01
w
o
i-a
M
Q
o
Kj

w
w
o
1-3
1
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTKOWINNING SOLUTION
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
vo
00
           Pollutant:


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


113.  toxaphene





114.  antimony





115.  arsenic





117.  beryllium





118.  cadmium





119.  chromium (total)





120.  copper
Stream
Code



455
843
856

455
843
856


455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
.856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet



1
1
1

1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) £3
Source



ND
ND
ND

0.001
<0.001
<0.001


0.002
0.008
0.007
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.020
<0.001
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.008
0.14
0.016
Day 1



ND
ND
HD

5.0
0.9
0.41


2.0
1.9
6.6
0.08
0.005
0.20
0.42
0.34
0.29
0.94
0.30
0.56
0.50
0.30
0.41
Day 2 Day 3 o
i
o
£
K
H
a
w
cj
W
D
1-3
W
8
O
50
K

W
w
a
^3
<









-------
                                         Table V-11  (Continued)


                                      SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                      RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*>.
o
VD
VO
           Pollutant

Tox1c Po1lutants (Continued)

121.  cyanide (total)




122.  lead




123.  mercury




124.  nickel




125.  selenium




126.  silver




127.  thallium
Stream
Code




455
843
856

455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856

455
843
856
455
843
856
455
843
856
Sample
Typet




1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




0.002
ND
0.004

0.019
0.001
0.011

<0.002
<0.002
0.007
<0.001
0.001
0.003

0.033
3.1
<0.005
<0.001
0.02
<0.001
0.14
<0.001
0.005
Day 1 Day 2



3.6
ND
2.4

2.6
1.0
9.0

<0.002
<0.002
0.026
2.5
4.1
3.7

0.040
32
<0.005
0.40
0.35
0.30
3.1
2.0
2.0
M
Day 3 o
	 1 	 Q
ss
o
B
K
H
55
Cfl
c
CO
o
•>
j-3
w
»
K

W
O
&
1
<









-------
                                        Table V-11 (Continued)


                                     SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
o
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc

Nonconventional Pollutants

alkalinity
aluminum
ammonia nitrogen
calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride
magnesium
phenollcs

Stream
Code
455
843
856

455
455
843
856
455
455
455
455
455
843
856
Sample
Typet
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.08
0.06
0.24

60
1.90
1.5
0.3
11
4.0
1.2
5.5
0.011
0.002
0.001
Day 1 Day 2
29
1.1
0.24

220,000
13,000
20
92
<0.1
3,600
0.5
0.04
1.4
0.006
0.11
w
Day 3 g
o
1
H
2
Cfl
§
o
M
o

w
M
a
H
i
<




-------
                                   Table V-1T (Continued)

                                SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)
tin
Conventional Pollutants

total suspended solids (TSS)
pH (standard units)
Stream
Code



455
843
856



455
843
856
455
843
856

Sample
Typet



1
1
1



1
1
1
1
1
1

Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



1.6
0.28
1.7



1
19
9
6.2
6.5
7

Day 1 Day 2



760
2,600
8,800



23,000
50,000
5,100
13.3
12.5


w
Day 3 "
o
55
g
|
hi
M
55
cn
§
n
>
M
Q
O
K-

w
w
n
tSaraple Type Code:  1  - One-time grab

(a), (b),  (c)  Reported together.

-------
                                               Table V-12
                         TIN  HYDROXIDE  PRECIPITATION  SUPERNATANT  (FROM  SCRAP)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
O
NJ
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

  1.  acenaphthene

  2.  acroletn

  3.  acrylonitrile

  4,  benzene

  5.  benzidine

  6,  carbon tetrachloride

  7.  chlorobenzene

  8.  1 ,2,4-trlchlorobenzene

  9.  hexachlorobenzene

 10.  1 ,2-dichloroethane

 11.  1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane

 12.  hexachloroethane

 13.  1»1-dlchloroethane

 14.  1 ,1,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code

395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
O
jjj
H3
H
V>
W
§
O
1
Q
O

a
?
<






-------
                                   Table V-12 (Continued)

                    TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 15.  1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane

 16.  ehloroethane

 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether

 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

 20.  2-chloronaphthalene

 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol

 22.  p-chloro-m-eresol

 23.  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol

 25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene

 26.  1,3-diehlorobenzene

 27.  1,4-diehlorobenzene

 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code





395
395
395


395

395
395
395

395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample
Typet





1
1
1


1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) rn
Source





ND
ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND
'ND


ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 W
___*___ 	 ' 	 O
O
S3
a
I
A3
K;
H
•25
to
' ' a
w
ci

w
8
Kj
W
w
0
1






-------
                                   Table V-12 (Continued)

                    TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


                                       Stream    Sample        Concentrations  (mg/1)	 w
           Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day  1     Day  2     Day  3 "
                                                                                             g

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                 O
	                                                                             (g

 29.  1 ,1-dichloroethylene              395        1        <0.01     <0.01                     *
                                                                                             n
 30'  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene        395        1          ND       ND                      5
                                                                                             w
 31,  2,4-dichlorophenol                395        1          ND       ND                      |
                                                                                             O
 32.  1,2-dichloropropane               395        1          ND       ND                      g
                                                                                             w
 33.  1,3-dichloropropene               395        1          ND       ND                      O

 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol                395        1          ND       ND

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene                395        1          ND       ND                      w
                                                                                             w
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene                395        1          ND       ND                      n

 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine             395        1          ND     <0.01                     <

 38.  ethylbenzene                      395        1          ND      0.011

 39.  fluoranthene                      395        1          ND       ND

 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether       395        1          ND       ND

 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        395        1          ND       ND

 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether       395        1          ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-12 (Continued)

                         TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


                                            Stream    Sample        Concentrations (mg/1)	  jjg
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day' 1    Day 2    Day 3  o
                __                                                                          _^_- g

     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                  g
                                                                                                   ia
      43.  bls(2-choroethoxy)methane         395        1          ND       ND                      **
                                                                                                   1-3
      44.  methylene chloride                395        1        <0.01    <0.01                     3
                                                                                                   w
      45.  methyl chloride (chloronethane)   395        1          ND       ND                      g
*»                  ......                                                                 ^
h-»                                                                                                  >"
o     46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)     395        1          ND       ND                      hi
en                                                                                                  M
                                                                                                   o
      47.  bromoform (tribromomethane)       395        1          ND       ND                      O
                                                                                                   K
      48.  dtchlorobromoraethane              395        1          ND       ND

      49.  trichlorofluoromethane            395        1          ND       ND                      en
                                                                                                   M
                                                                                                   O
      50.  dichlorodifluoromethane           395        1          ND       ND                      ^
                                                                                                   i
      51.  chlorodibromoroethane              395        1          ND       ND                      <

      52.  hexachlorobutadiene               395        1          ND       ND

      53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene         395        1          ND       ND

      54.  isophorone                        395        1          ND       ND

      55.  naphthalene                       395        1          ND       ND

      56.  nitrobenzene                      395        1          ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-12 (Continued)

                         TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


                                            Stream    Sample        Cpncenfcrations  (ing/1)	   w
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day  1     Day  2     Day 3   ^
                                                                                                   o
     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                   §
     	                                                                              >

      57.  2-nitrophenol                     395         1          ND      0.031                     %
                                                                                                   t-3
      58.  4-nitrophenol                     395         1        <0.01      0.026                     g

      59.  2,4-dinitrophenol                 395         1          ND      0.086                     d

g     60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol              395         1          ND       ND                       g
ON                                                                                                  W
      61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine             395         1          ND       ND                       o
                                                                                                   »
                                                                                                   K
      62,  N-nitrosodiphenylamine             395         1          ND       ND

      63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine         395         1          ND       ND                       w
                                                                                                   W
      64.  pentachlorophenol                 395         1          ND     <0.01                      S

      65.  phenol                            395         1          ND       ND                       <

      66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate       395         1        <0.01     <0.01

      67.  butyl benzyl phthalate             395         1          ND       ND

      68.  di-n-butyl phthalate              395         1          ND       ND

      69.  di-n-octyl phthalate              395         1          ND       ND

      70.  diethyl phthalate                 395         1          ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-12  (Continued)

                         TIN  HYDROXIDE  PRECIPITATION  SUPERNATANT  (FROM SCRAP)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
rfc.
"
O
-J
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 71.  dimethyl phthalate

 72.  benzo(a)anthracene

 73.  benzo(a)pyrene

 74.  benzo(b)fluoranthene

 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.  chrysene

 77.  acenaphthylene

 78.  anthracene          (a)

 79.  benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.  fluorene

 81 .  phenanthrene        (a)

 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.  indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene

 84.  pyrene
S cream
Code

395

395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample Concentrations (tng/1) M
Typet Source

1 ND

1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
Day 1
ND

ND
ND .
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 §
25
O
K
H
m
G
W
0
1-3
a
a
o
K

en
M
O
I
<






-------
                                        Table V-12 (Continued)



                         TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant



     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)



      85.   tetrachloroethylene



      86.   toluene



      87.   trichloroethylene
^                          .....

H

g     8B.   vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)



      89.   aldrin



      90.   dieldrin



      91.   chlordane



      92.   4,4'-DDT



      93.   4,4'-UUE



      94.   4,4'-ODD



      95.   alpha-endosulfan



      96.   beta-endosulfan



      97.   endosulfan sulfate



      98.   heptachlor
Stream
Code

395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395

395
395
395
395
395
395
• Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
<0.01
0.036
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
w
M
Day 3 o
	 i 	 Q
1
K
H
55
w
g
o
1-3
M
Q
O

W
M
Q
i-3
i
<






-------
               Table V-12 (Continued)

TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
            RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Pollutant
Toxic
99.

100.

101 .
it»
o 102.
VO

103.

104.
105.


106.

107.
108.
109.
110.
111 .
112.
Pollutants
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde

heptachlor

heptachlor

alpha-BHC

beta-BHC

gamma- BHC
delta-BHC


PCB-1242

PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCb-1260
PCB-1016



epoxide









(b)

(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet

395 1

395 1

395 1

395 1

395 1

395 1
395 1


395 1

395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
395 1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 n
§
1
H
as
w
g
o
B
w
Q
O
K

01
M
O
H3
1
<






-------
               Table V-12 (Continued)

TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
            RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
M 117.
o
118.

119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium

chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
s liver
thallium
Stream
Code
395
395
395
395
395

395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.006
<0.001
<0.0005
<0.001

0.032
0.031
0.040
0.12
<0.0002
<0.025
<0.008
0.001
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2
ND
4.4
0.135
0.001
0.140

0.068
0.11
0.48
0.30
<0.0002
0.540
<0.008
0.065
0.590
M
frl
Day 3 n
o
H
as
G
a
o
Q
o
^

w
M
Q
HI
I
<






-------
                                        Table V-12 (Continued)

                         TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>.

Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc

Nonconvent ional Pollutants
alkalinity

ammonia nitrogen

calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride


magnesium

phenolics
sulfate
tin
total dissolved solids (TDS)
Conventional Pollutants
Stream
Code



395


395

395

395
395
395


395

395
395
395
395

Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source



1 0.05


1 77

1 2

1 17
1 <1
1 0.94


1 7.2

1 0.026
1 29
1 <0.025
1 160

Day 1 Day 2


0.210


2,200

1 .1

0.16
170
320


0.80

0.002
2,000
5.8
13,000

in
M
Day 3 Q
o
2!
a
K-
H
55
to
O
1-3
td
O
O
JO

cn
M
o
1-3
i
<




     oil and grease
395
<1
87

-------
to
                                   Table V-12 (Continued)



                    TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SCRAP)

                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA





                                       Stream    Sample        Concentrations  (mg/1)	  w

           Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1     Day 2    Day 3  o



Conventional Pollutants (Continued)



total suspended solids (TSS)            395        1        9           25                    ^
                                                                                              t-i

pH (standard units)                     395        1        7.3          8.3                  8

                                                                                              w
                                                                                              G
                                                                                              W
                                                                                              O
                                                                                              >

                                                                                              w

                                                                                              O
     tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab


     (a), (b),  (c)  Reported together.
                                                                                                   M
                                                                                                   n
                                                                                                   «

                                                                                                   i

                                                                                                   <

-------
                                         Table V-13

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
  1.   acenaphthene
  2.  acrolein
  3.  acrylonitrile
  4,  benzene
  5.   benzidine
  6.  carbon tetrachloride
  7.   chlorobenzene
  8.  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
  9.   hexachlorobenzene
Stream
Code

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
-ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
to
W
Day 3 §
a
K
M
55
in
a
ea
o
H3
w
Q
O
S
K

tn
M
O
H3
i
<







-------
                                   Table V-13 (Continued)

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT  PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 10.  1,2-dtchloroethane


 11.  1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane


 12,  hexachloroethane


 13.  1 ,1-dichloroethane


 14.  1,1,2-trichloroethane


 15.  1 ,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane


 16.  chloroethane


 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether


 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Stream
Code



396
399
396
399

396
399

396
399
396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet



1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source



ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
ND •
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2



ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 o
O
o
1
*q
H
DJ
g
o
s
M
Q
O
s

U
w
o
1-3
1
<







-------
                                   Table V-13 (Continued)

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT  PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 19,  2-ehloroethyl vinyl ether


 20.  2-chloronaphthalene


 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol


 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol


 23.  chloroform


 24.  2-chlorophenol


 25.  1 ,2-dichlorobenzene


 26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene


 27.  1 ,4-dichlorobenzene
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
' 1






Concentrations (ny»/l)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
c/i
W
Day 3 8
g
^
M
25
W
a
w
1-3
KJ
D
O
!*)
*<

w
O
H
1
<







-------
                                        Table V-13 (Continued)

           TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT  PLATING  SOLUTION AND  SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER  SAMPLING  DATA
*>.
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine


 29.  1,1-diehloroethylene


 30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene


 31.  2,4-dlehlorophenol


 32.  1,2-dichloropropane


 33.  1,3-diehloropropene


 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol


 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene


 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene
Stream Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Code Typet Source

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
396 1 ND
399 1 ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
W
w
Day 2 Day 3 fi

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
*
H
W
w
O
«
O
O
Kj

w
w
O
1-1
1
<







-------
                                        Table  V-13  (Continued)

           TIN  HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION  SUPERNATANT  (FROM  SPENT  PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
                Pollutant

     Toxic  Pollutants  (Continued)

      37.   1,2-diphenylhydrazlne


      38.   ethylbenzene
t u||
M     39.   fluoranthene
^4
      40.   4-chlorophenyl  phenyl  ether


      41.   4-bromophenyl phenyl ether


      42.   bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether


      43.   bis(2-choroethoxy)methane


      44.   methylene  chloride


      45.   methyl  chloride (chloromethane)


      46.   methyl  bromide  (bromoraethane)
Stream
Code

396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
<0.01

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.724
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND .
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
W
Day 3 g
O
so
K
H
S5
TO
C
to
o
l-i
ftf
Q
O
K

OT
M
n
i
<









-------
                                        Table V-13 (Continued)

           TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATKR SAMPLING DATA
CO
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 47.  bromoform (tribromomethane)


 48.  dichlorobromomethane


 49.  trichlorofluoromethane


 50.  dichlorodifluoromethane


 51.  chlorodibroraomethane


 52.  hexachlorobutadiene


 53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene


 54,  isophorone


 55.  naphthalene
Stream
Code

396
399

396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet

1
1

1
1





1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
Day 1
ND
NO'

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

-------
                                   Table V-13 (Continued)

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (PROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Po11u t a n t s (Continued)

 56.  nitrobenzene


 57.  2-nitrophenol


 58.  4-nitrophenol


 59.  2,4-dinitrophenol


 60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol


 61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine


 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylatnine


 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine


 64.  pentachlorophenol
Stream
Code




396
399

396
399

396
399

396
399
396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet




1
1

1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND
ND

ND
ND

<0.01
<0.01

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND

<0.01
' ND

<0.01
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2




ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

-------
                                        Table V-13 (Continued)

           TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT  PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant:

     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

      65.   phenol


      66.   bis(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate
H
o     67.   butyl  benzyl  phthalate
      68.   di-n-butyl phthalate


      69.   di-n-octyl phthalate


      70.   diethyl  phthalate


      71 .   dimethyl phthalate


      72.   benzo(a)anthracene


      73.   benzo(a)pyrene
Stream
Code



396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet



1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



<0.01
<0.01
0.268
<0.01
0.025
0.012
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2



ND
ND
<0.01
<0.01
0.011
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CO
w
Day 3 8
• 	 	 55
d
50

H
a
Cfl
c
w
o
l-i
w
Q
O
K

W
O
I

<







-------
                                   Table V-13 (Continued)

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 74.  benzo(b)fluoranthene


 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane


 76.  chrysene


 77,  acenaphthylene


 78.  anthracene         (a)


 79.  benzo(ghi)perylene


 80.  fluorene


 81.  phenanthrene       (a)


 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Stream
Code

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

-------

                                   Table V-13 (Continued)

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 83.  indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene


 84.  pyrene


 85.  tetrachloroethylene


 86.  toluene


 87.  trichloroethylene


 88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)


 89.  aldrin


 90.  dieldrin


 91.  chlordane
Stream
Code


396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet


1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
tn
Day 3 O
O
JO

H
w
•s
o
w
Q
O
K

to
W
o
1-3
I
<







-------
                                        Table V-13 (Continued)

           TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
UJ
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 92.  4,4'-DDT


 93.  4,4'-DDE


 94.  4,4'-ODD


 95.  alpha-endosulfan


 96.  beta-endosulfan


 97.  endosulfan sulfate


 98.  endrin


 99.  endrin aldehyde


100.  heptachlor
Stream
Code



396
399

396
399

396
399

396
399
396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet



1
1

1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
in
fr-H
Day 3 8
	 	 o
as
o
K
f-3
H-f
ss
M
• • G
03
O
H
W
O
O
s

01
w
n
1-3
i
<







-------
                                         Table  V-13  (Continued)


           TIN  HYDROXIDE  PRECIPITATION  SUPERNATANT  (FROM SPENT  PLATING  SOLUTION  AND SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
tsj
is.
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


101.  heptachlor epoxide



102.  alpha-BHC



103.  beta-BHC



104.  gamma-BHC



105.  delta-BHC



106.  PCB-1242     (b)



107.  PCB-1254     (b)



108.  PCB-1221     (b)



109.  PCB-1232     (c)
Stream
Code



396
399

396
399

396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet












1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2



ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
(/)
uay j n
o
55
o
3
H
23
W
§
O
§
w
o
o
*!

w
w
o
1
<







-------
•t*
"H
K)
Ul
                                         Table  V-13  (Continued)


           TIN HYDROXIDE  PRECIPITATION  SUPERNATANT  (FROM SPENT  PLATING' SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                      RAW WASTEWATER  SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

TOKJC Pollutants (Continued)

110.  PCB-1248     (c)


111.  PCB-1260     (c)



112.  PCB-1016     (c)


113.  toxaphene



114.  antimony



115.  arsenic



117.  beryllium



118.  cadmium



119.  chromium  (total)
Stream
Code
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample Concentrations (rag/1)
Typet Source
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
- 1 . . ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 0.006
1 0.006
1 <0.001
1 <0.001
1 <0.0005
1 <0.0005
1 <0.001
1 <0.001
1 0.032
1 0.032
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.40
0.75
0.12
0.13
<0.0005
0.02
0.03
0.10
0.020
0.031
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.1
2.2
0.34
0.30
0.001
<0.0005
0.08
0.08
0.032
0.028
w
m
Day 3 g
K
(-3
H
W
a
• •• eo
o
HI
M
Q
O
K

M
O
I
<







-------
                                        Table V-13 (Continued)

           TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT  PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
K)
O\
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

120.  copper


121.  cyanide (total)


122.  lead


123.  mercury


124.  nickel


125.  selenium


126.  silver


127.  thallium


128.  zinc
Stream
Code

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

0.031
0.031
0.040
0.040
0.12
0.12
<0.0002
<0.0002
<0.025
<0.025
<0.008
<0-008
0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.05
0.05
Day 1
0.05
0.13
2.2
3.6
0.075
0.03
<0.0002
<0.0002
0.16 .
0.41
0.05
0.03
<0.0005
<0.0005
<0.001
0.33
0.06
0.16
Day 2
0.12
0.16
0.49
16.0
0.075
0.13
<0.0002
<0.0002
0.35
0.45
<0.008
0.62
0.001
0.001
<0.001
0.28
0.14
0.59
w
Pay 3 |
a
1
H
M
s
ri
:ATEGORY
w
M
n
i
<







-------
                                   Table V-13 (Continued)

      TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT (FROM SPENT PLATING SOLUTION AND SLUDGES)
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

NonconventlonalPollutants

alkalinity


ammonia nitrogen


calcium


chemical oxygen demand (COD)


fluoride


magnesium


phenolics


sulfate


tin
Strean.
Code


396
399
396
399

396
399

396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
396
399
Sample
Typet


1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1






1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


77
77
2
2

17
17

<1

-------
                                        Table V-13  (Continued)



           TIN HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATION SUPERNATANT  (FROM  SPENT  PLATING  SOLUTION  AND SLUDGES)

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant



     Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)



     total dissolved solids (TDS)




     Conventional Pollutants



J^    oil and grease
to
00


     total suspended solids (TSS)





     pH (standard units)
Stream
Code


396
399




396
399


396
399
396
399



Sample
Typet


1
1




1
1


1
1
1
1



Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


160
160




<^1
<1


9
9
7.3
7.3



Day 1


26,000
46,000




2.9
1.3


26
61
7.6
7.8



Day 2


37,000
38,000




51
17


50
35
7.8
8.2



M
W
Day 3 8
o
§
t-3
H
C/l
c
w
n

1-3
M
o
o
s
Kj
(n
m
a
\
<
     tSample Type Code:  1  - One-time grab


     (a),  (b),  (c)  Reported together.

-------
         Table V-14

   TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
1.
2.
3.
.t»
1 ;
» 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Pollutant
Pollutants
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonitrile
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2-dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
hexachloroe thane
1 , 1 -dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 H
|
g
1-3
fi!
W
O
M
O

w
w
o
i
<






-------
                                        Table V-14 (Continued)

                                        TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£».
M
OJ
O
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollytants (Continued)

 15.  1,1,2,2-tetraehloroethane

 16.  chloroethane

 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether

 18,  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

 19.  2-ehloroethyl vinyl ether

 20.  2-chloronaphthalene

 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol

 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol

 23,  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol

 25,  1,2-dichlorobenzene

 26.  1,3-dichlorobenzene

 27.  1,4-dichlorobenzene

 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code



398

398

398

398


398

398
398

398

398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet



1

1

1

1


1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) g
Source



ND

ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1


ND

ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
	 i- 	 O
o
g
K
H
•z,
01
CJ
DO
O
HI
w
o
o
K

OT
W
O
H
I
<






-------
                                   Table V-14 (Continued)

                                   TIN HYDROXIDE  FILTRATE
                                RAW WASTEWATER  SAMPLING  DATA



                                       Stream    Sample         Concentrations  (mg/1)	  ^
           Pollutant                    Code     Typet      Source     Day  1     Day  2     Day  3  g
                                                                                              as
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                   ^
                                                                                              SO
 29.  1 ,1-dichloroethylene              398         1        <0.01       ND                       K
                                                                                              H
 30.  1 ,2-trans-dichloroethylene        398         1          ND       ND                       *
                                                                                              w
 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol                398         1          ND       ND                       §
                               ......                                                          o

 32.  1,2-dichloropropane               398         1          ND       ND                       §
                                                                                              Q
 33.  1,3-dlehloropropene               398         1          ND       ND                       g
                                                                                              KJ
 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol                398         1          ND       ND

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene                398         1          ND       ND                       g
                                                                                              n
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene                398         1          ND       ND                       ^
                                                                                              i

 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine             398         1          ND       ND                       <

 38.  ethylbenzene                      398         1          ND       ND

 39.  fluoranthene                      398         1          ND       ND

 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether       398         1          ND       ND

 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        398         1          ND       ND

 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether       398         1          ND       ND

-------
*>.
                                         Table V-14 (Continued)

                                         TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
                                      RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 43.  bis(2-choroethoxy)methane

 44.  methylene chloride

 45.  methyl chloride (ehloromethane)

 46.  methyl bromide (broraomethane)

 47.  broraoforra (tribromomethane)

 48.  dichlorobromomethane

 49.  trichlorofluoromethane

 50.  dichlorodifluoromethane

 51.  chlorodibromomethane

 52.  hexachlorobutadiene

 53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene

 54.  ispphorone

 55.  naphthalene

 56.  nitrobenzene
                                                                                                   en
Stream
Code
398

398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 b
1
H
to
§
o
M
Q
O

to
W
O
1
*






-------
                                   Table V-14 (Continued)
                                   TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>
(_.

U>
           Pollutant


TqxIc Po1lutants (Continued)


 57.   2-nttrophenql


 58.   4-nitrophenol


 59.   2,4-dinltrophenol


 60.   4,6-dinltro-o-eresol


 61.   N-nitrosodimethylamine


 62.   N-nitrosodiphenylamlne


 63.   N-nitrosodi-n-propylaralne


 64.   pentachlorophenol


 65.   phenol


 66.   bts(2-ethyIhexyl) phthalate


 67.   butyl benzyl phthalate


 68.   dt-n-butyl phthalate


 69.   di-n-octyl phthalate


 70.   diethyl phthalate
Stream Sample
Code Typet
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
0.010
0.025
0.033
ND
ND
<0.010
ND
ND
ND
<0.010
<0.010

-------
                                   Table V-14 (Continued)

                                   TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 71.   dimethyl phthalate

 72.   benzo(a)anthracene

 73.   benzo(a)pyrene

 74.   benzo(b)fluoranthene

 75.   benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.   chrysene

 77.   acenaphthylene

 78.   anthracene «t        (a)

 79.   benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.   fluorene

 81.   phenanthrene        (a)

 82.   dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.   indeno (1 ,2 , 3-c,d)pyrene

 84.   pyrene
Stream
Code

398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) w
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 g
O
K
H
W
a
w
o
w
Q
1

M
a
1-3
1
<






-------
                                        Table  V-14 (Continued)


                                        TIN  HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
                                     RAW WASTEWATER  SAMPLING  DATA
                Pollutant

     ToxicPollutants  (Continued)

      85.   tetrachloroethylene

      86.   toluene

      87.   trichloroethylene
M
£     88.   vinyl chloride  (chloroethylene)

      89.   aldrin

      90.   dieldrin

      91.   chlordane

      92.   4,4'-DDT

      93.   4,4'-DDE

      94.   4,4'-ODD

      95.   alpha-endosulfan

      96.   beta-endosulfan

      97.   endosulfan  sulfate

      98.   heptachlor
Stream Sample
Code Typet

398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
398 1
Concentrations (rag/1) ts
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 §
a
H!
H
C
Od
H3
I
K

W
M
O
I
<






-------
   Table V-14 (Continued)

   TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Pollutant
Toxic
99.

100.

101.

102.

103.
104.
105.


106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111 .
112.
Pollutants
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde

heptachlor

heptachlor

alpha-BHC

beta-BHC
gamma -BHC
delta-BHC


PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016



epoxide








(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream
Code

398

398

398

398

398
398
398


398
398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet

1

1

1

1

1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1) M
Source

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 p

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
S
R
H
ss
w
a
ro
a
>
w
Q
O
»

W
O
hi
I
<






-------
   Table V-14 (Continued)

   TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic

113.
114.
115.

*», - - • -
M 117
W It/.
«J
1 18.
119.
120.

121.

122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.

Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)

toxaphene
antimony
arsenic

-
beryllium

cadmium
chromium (total)
copper

cyanide (total)

lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code



398
398
398


398

398
398
398

398

398
398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet



1
1
1
. .

1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND
0.006
<0.001


<0.0005

<0.001
0.032
0.031

0.040

0.12
<0.0002
<0.025
<0.008
0.001
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2



ND
2.4
0.024


0.002

0.002
0.04
0.280

10.0

0.037
<0.0002
0.380
0.430
0.012
0.320
w
Day 3 ^
O
§
fa
KJ
H
55
W
G
to
O
§
M
8
*
to
W
O
t-3
I
<






-------
                                        Table V-14 (Continued)

                                        TIN  HYDROXIDE FILTRATE
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
00

Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc

Nonconvent tonal Pollutants
alkalinity

ammonia nitrogen


calcium
chemical oxygen demand (COD)
fluoride


magnesium
phenolics
sulfate
tin
total dissolved solids (TDS)
Stream
Code


398


398

398


398
398
398


398
398
398
398
398
Sample
Typet


1


1

1


1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


0.05


77

2


17
<1
0.94


7.2
0.26
29
<0.025
160
Day 1 Day 2


0.220


34,000

<0.01


0,46
180
17,000


0.49
0.32
2,000
7.8
50,000

Day 3 w
o
as

HI
H
W
c
w
o
HI
W
n
o
K

w
w
o
HI
<



    Conventional Pollutants
    oil and grease
398
<1
56

-------
M

US
                                        Table V-14 (Continued)



                                        TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Po1lutant



     Conventional Pollutants (Continued)



     total suspended solids (TSS)



     pH (standard units)
Stream
Code




398
398







Sample
Typet




1
1







Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 £j
O
5$
O
g
9 32 3
7.3 8.1 g
en
. . . , . - C
" CO
n
w
Q
O
     tSample Type Code:  1  - One-time grab



     (a), (b),  (c)  Reported together.
                                                                                                   w
                                                                                                   o
                                                                                                    I

                                                                                                   <

-------
                                         Table V-15
                                    MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

  1,   acenaphthene

  2.   acrolein

  3.   acrylonitrile

  4.   benzene

  5,   benzidine

  6.   carbon tetrachloride

  7.   chlorobenzene

  8.   1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

  9.   hexachlorobenzene

 10.   1»2-diehloroethane

 11.   1 ,1,1-trlchloroethane

 12.   hexachloroethane

 13.   1,1-dichloroethane

 14.   1,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code




456

456

456

456

456

456
456

456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet




1

1

1

1

1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) RJ
Source




ND

ND

ND

0.013

ND

ND
ND

ND
0.015
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND

ND

ND

0.008

ND

ND
ND

ND
0.004
ND
0.003
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 S
:z;
0
§
K«
1-3
H
2!
W
s
Q
W
Ci
O
K

w
w
a

<






-------
                                   Table V-15 (Continued)
                                    MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£*
M

M
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 15.  1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane

 16.  chloroethane

 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether

 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

 20.  2-chloronaphthalene

 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol

 22.  p-ehloro-m-cresol

 23.  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol

 25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene

 26.  1 ,3-dichlorobenzene

 27.  1 ,4-dichlorobenzene

 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code





456
456

456

456

456

456
456
456

456

456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet





1
1

1

1

1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source





ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

0.038

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1





ND
ND

ND

ND
•
ND

ND
ND
ND

0.005

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
w
w
n
o
as
o
K
H
. . . . 55
W
G
W
O
H!
M
1

W
W
0
1-3
I
<





-------
                                   Table V-15 (Continued)

                                    MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA


                                       Stream    Sample         Concentrations  (mg/1) _   M
           Pollutant                    Code     Typet      Source     Day  1     Day 2    Day 3   w
                                                                                              o
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                  §
_
29.  1 ,1-dichloroethylene              456         1         ND       ND

30.  1 ,2-trans-dlchloroethylene        456         1         ND       ND
                                                                                             1-3
                                                                                             g

 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol                456         1          ND       ND                      q
                                                                                             o
 32.  1 ,2-dichloropropane               456         1          ND       ND                      g
                                                                                             W
 33.  1 ,3-dichloropropene               456         1          ND       ND                      §

 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol                456         1          ND       0.004

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene                456         1          ND       ND                      w
                                                                                             M
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene                456         1          ND       ND                      t*
                                                                                             i
 37.  1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine             456         1          ND       ND                      <

 38.  ethylbenzene                      456         1          ND       ND

 39.  fluoranthene                      456         1          ND       ND

 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether       456         1          ND       ND

 41 .  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        456         1          ND       ND

 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether       456         1          ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-15 (Continued)

                                         MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


                                            Stream    Sample    	Cone en t r a t i ons  (mg/1)	  &2
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1     Day 2    Day 3  o
                                                                                                   g

     ToKJc Pollutants (Continued)                                                                  Sg
                                                                                                   »
      43.  bis(2-choroethoxy)methane         456        1         ND       ND                      ^
                                                                                                   HI
      44.  tnethylene chloride                456        1        0.190    0.005                    §
                                                                                                   to
      45.  methyl chloride (chlororaethane)   456        -1         ND       ND                      -g
*»   "                    "                                                                           o
H*                                                                                                  !>
*^     46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)     456        1         ND       ND                      HI
U)                                                                                                  W
                                                                                                   Q
      47.  bromoform (tribromomethane)       456        1         ND       ND                      O
                                                                                                   Kj
      48.  dichlorobromomethane              456        1         ND       ND

      49.  trichlorofluoromethane            456        1         ND       ND                      2
                                                                                                   w
                                                                                                   o
      50.  dichlorodifluoromethane           456        1         ND       ND                      ^
                                                                                                   i
      51.  chlorodibromoraethane              456        1        0.002     ND                      
-------
                                        Table V-15 (Continued)
                                         MUD POND SUPERNATANT

                                         WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
o
w
CO
o
o
w

s
o

CD
CO

23
H
EH
g
Q


5
O
w
CO
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 57.  2-nitrophenol


 58.  4-nitrophenol


 59.  2,4-dinitrophenol


 60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol


 61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine


 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine


 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine


 64.  pentachlorophenol


 65.  phenol


 66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate


 67.  butyl benzyl phthalate


 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate


 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate


 70.  diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.006
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
0.020
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND

-------
                                   TableV-15 (Continued)
                                    MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

ToxicPollutants (Continued)

 71.   dimethyl phthalate

 72.   benzo(a)anthracene

 73.   benzo(a)pyrene

 74.   benzo(b)fluoranthene

 75.   benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.   chrysene

 77.   acenaphthylene

 78.   anthracene          (a)

 79.   benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.   fluorene

 81.   phenanthrene        (a)

 82.   dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.   indeno (1 ,2,3-c,d)pyrene

 84.   pyrene
Stream
Code

456
456
456 .
456
456
456
456
456

456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) Q
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 a
1
£
^
H
to
g
O
M
O
1

M
O
Hi
1
<






-------
                                        Table V-15 (Continued)


                                         MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant


     Toxic Pollutants  (Continued)


      85,  tetrachloroethylene


      86.  toluene


      87.  trichloroethylene
*»
(—1
•fa.     88.  vinyl chloride  (chloroethylene)


      89.  aldrin


      90.  dieldrin


      91.  chlordane


      92.  4,4'-DDT


      93.  4,4'-DDE


      94.  4,4'-DDD


      95.  alpha-endosulfan


      96.  beta-endosulfan


      97.  endosulfan sulfate


      98.  heptachlor
Stream
Code



456

456

456

456


456
456
456

456

456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet



1

1

1

1


1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source



ND

0.001

ND

ND


ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND

0.004

ND

ND


ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 Q
i
O
s
Kj
H
3
w
c
w
o
HI
W
Q
O

W
W
O
H3
I

-------
                                        Table V-15  (Continued)

                                         MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*».



Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.

100.

101.
102.
103.
104.
105.

106.

107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde

heptachlor

heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamma-BHC
delta-BriC

PCB-1242

PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1U16



epoxide





(b)

(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet

456 1 '

456 1

456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1

456 1

456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
456 1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source

ND

ND

. ND .
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CO
M
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 fi

ND

ND

ND . . . .
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
NL)
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
^
1-3
H
2
to
§
O
1
O
Pd

en
W
O
(-3
I
<






-------
   Table V-13 (Continued)

    MUD POND SUPERNATANT
RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic


113.

114.

115.
£>
i "7.

118.
119.
120.

121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.

Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)


toxaphene

ant imony

arsenic

beryllium

cadmium
chromium (total)
copper

cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code



456

456

456

456

456
456
456

456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet



1

1

1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND

0.001

0.002

<0.001

0.02
0.003
0.008

0.0022
0.019
<0.0002
<0.001
0.033
<0.001
0.14
Day 1 Day 2



ND

12

3.4

0.064

0.40
0.004
0.52

1 .900
11
0.0004
2.1
0.050
0.40
2.5
CO
w
Day 3 g
25
O
§
KJ

H
*
m
C
w
o
H3
W
Q
O

Cfl
M
O
I
<






-------
                                         Table V-15  (Continued)
                                          MUD POND  SUPERNATANT
                                      RAW  WASTEWATER  SAMPLING DATA
VD
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

128.  zinc

Nonconventional Pollutants

alkalinity

aluminum

ammonia nitrogen

calcium

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

fluoride

magnesium

phenolics

tin

Conventional Pollutants
Stream
Code

456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
456
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

0.08
60
1.90
0.18
11
4.0
1.2
5.5
0.011 v
1.6
Day 1 Day 2
190
90,000
30,000
<0.1
5,700
0.4
0.12
0.011
240
w
Cd
Day 3 g
1
H3
H
W
G
ro
o
M
8
K

Dl
M
O
(-3
I
<


     oil and grease
                                        456
<1

-------
                                   Table V-15 (Continued)


                                    MUD POND SUPERNATANT
                                RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Conventiona1 Pollutants (Continued)


total suspended solids (TSS)

pH (standard units)
Stream
Code

456

456







Sample
Typet

1

1







Concentrations (rag/1)
Source Day 1 Day 2

1 400

6.2 13.4







UJ
w
Day 3 §
1

H
2
CO
a
w
n
1-3
M
Q
O
tSample Type Code:  1  - One-time grab

(a), (b), (c)  Reported together.
                                                                                              CO
                                                                                              M
                                                                                              O
                                                                                              I
                                                                                              <

-------
                                               Table V-16
                          ELECTROWINNING  SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION -  PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                 Pollutant

      Toxic  Pollutants

        1,   acenaphthene

        2.   acroleln

        3.   acrylonitrile

{^       4.   benzene

        5.   benzidine

        6.   carbon tetrachloride

        7.   chlorobenzene

        8.   1,2,4-triehlorobenzene

        9.   hexachlorobenzene

       10.   1,2-dichloroethane

       11,   1,1,1-trtehloroethane

       12.   hexachloroethane

       13.   1,1-diehloroethane

       14.   1 ,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code
849

849


849
849


849
849
849

849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet
1

1


1
1


1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source
ND

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
0.001

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
1
H
55
W
a
ra
a
M
Q
o


M
a
i
<






-------
m
to
                                        Table V-16 (Continued)


                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutanta (Continued)


 15.   1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane


 16.   .chloroethane


 17.   bis(ehloromethyl)ether


 18.   bls(2-chloroethyl)ether


 19.   2-chloroethyl vinyl ether


 20.   2-chloronaphthalene


 21.   2,4,6-trichlorophenol


 22.   p-chloro-m-cresol


 23.   chloroform


 24.   2-chlorophenol


 25.   1,2-dichlorobenzene


 26.   1,3-dichlorobenzene


 27.   1,4-dlchlorobenzene


 28.   3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
                                                                                                   tn
Stream
Code




849

849

849
849


849
849

849

849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet




1

1

1
1


1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source




ND

ND

ND
ND


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND

ND

ND
ND


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
£5
O
B
KJ
1-3
H
3
a
w
o
w
o
o
a

w
a
o
i
^






-------
                                   Table V-16 (Continued)

                    ELECTKOWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C                        :
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


                                       Stream    Sample    	Concentrations (ing/1)	  H
           Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1     Day 2    Day 3  g

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                  >
	                                                                              $30
 29.  1 ,1-dichloroethylene              849        1          ND       ND                      *?
                                                                                              i~3
                                                                                              M
 30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene        849        1          ND       ND                      *
                                                                                              w
 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol                849        1          ND       ND                      §
                            • •         '             '         '             '                     s
 32.  1,2-dichloropropane               849        1          ND       ND                      g
                                                                                              Q
 33.  1,3-dichloropropene               849        1          ND       ND                      g
                                                                                              Kj
 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol                849        1          ND       ND

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene                849        1          ND       ND                      w
                                                                                              o
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene                849        1          ND       ND                      ^
                                                                                              i
 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine             849        1          ND       ND                      <

 38.  ethylbenzene                      849        1          ND       ND

 39.  fluoranthene                      849        1          ND      0.003

 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether       849        1          ND       ND

 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        849        1          ND       ND

 42.  bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether       849        1          ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-16 (Continued)

                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION -  PLANT  €
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA


                                            Stream    Sample        Concentrations  (mg/1)	 m
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet      SourceDay  1Day  2Day  3 §
                .                                                                                  g
     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                  >
                                                                                                  K
      43.   bis(2-choroethoxy)methane         849        1          ND      ND                      ^
                                                                                                  H
      44.   methylene chloride                849        1          ND      0.015                    ^
                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                  cj
      45.   methyl chloride (chloromethane)    849        1          ND       ND                     co
M                                                                                                 >
V£     46.   methyl bromide (bromomethane)      849        1          ND       ND                     j|
                                                                                                  Q
      47.   bromoform (tribroinomethane)        849        1          ND       ND                     »

      48.   diehlorobromomethane              849        1          ND       ND

      49.   trichlorofluoromethane            849        1          ND       ND                     w
                                                                                                  o
      50.   dichlorodifluoromethane           849        1          ND       ND                     (

      51.   chlorodibromomethane              849        1          ND       ND                     <

      52.   hexachlorobutadiene  •             849        1          ND       ND

      53.   hexachlorocyclopentadiene         849        1          ND       ND

      54.   isophorone                        849        1          ND       ND

      55.   naphthalene                       849        1          ND      0.002

      56.   nitrobenzene                      849        1          ND       ND

-------
                                       Table V-lb  (Continued)


                        ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION  AFTER  CHLORINATION  -  PLANT  C

                                  TREATED  WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA




                                           Stream    Sample    	Concentrations  (mg/1)	   tt

               Pollutant                    Code    Typet     Source    Day  1     Day 2    Day 3   o

                                                                                                  S
    Toxic Pollu t a n t s (Continued)                                                                   £
     57.  2-nitrophenol                     849         1         ND       0.020
t-3
     58.  4-nitrophenol                     849         1         ND       ND

                                                                                                  a
^    59.  2,4-dinitrophenol                 849         1         ND       ND                       o


S    60.  4,6-dinitro-o-cresol              849         1         ND       ND                       w
                                                                                                  tn
                                                                                                  o
     61.  N-nitrosodimethylamine            849         1         ND       ND                       2


     62.  N-nitrosodiphenylaraine            849         1         ND       ND

                                                                                                  w
     63.  N-nitrosodl-n-propylamine         849         1         ND       ND                       M

                                                                                                  Hi
     64.  pentachlorophenol                 849         1         ND       ND                       ,


     65.  phenol                            849         1         ND       0.08                      <


     66.  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate       849         1         0.054     ND


     67.  butyl benzyl phthalate            849         1         ND       ND


     68.  di-n-butyl phthalate              849         1         ND       ND


     69.  di-n-octyl phthalate              849         1         ND       ND


     70.  dlethyl phthalate                 849         1         ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-16 (Continued)


                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINAT10N - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
tn
en
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 71.  dimethyl phthalate


 72.  benzo(a)anthraeene


 73.  benzo(a)pyrene


 74.  benzo(b)fluoranthene


 75.  benzo(k)fluoranthane


 76.  ehrysene


 77.  acenaphthylene


 7B.  anthracene          (a)


 79.  benzo(ghi)perylene


 80.  fluorene


 81.  phenanthrene        (a)


 82.  dibenzo(a,h)anthracene


 83.  indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene


 84.  pyrene
Stream
Code

849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
849
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) S
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
Day 2 Day 3 g
s
1-1
H
03
G
W
O
W
Q
O

to
M
O
1
<






-------
                                        Table V-16 (Continued)

                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                Pollutant

     Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

      85.   tetrachloroethylene

      86.   toluene

      87.   trlchloroethylene  	
H
Sg     88.   vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)

      89.   aldrin

      90.   dteldrin

      91.   chlordane

      92.   4,4'-DDT

      93.   4,4'-DDE

      94.   4,4'-DDD

      95.   alpha-endosulfan

      96.   beta-endosulfan

      97.   endosulfan sulfate

      98.   heptachlor
Stream Sample
Code Typet


849 1


849 1


849 1

849 1


849 1

«49 1
849 1


849 1

849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
Concentrations (mg/1) td
Source


ND


0.093


ND

ND


ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1


ND


0.001


0.016

ND


ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 H
»
K
LJ
HI
H
2$
to
G
s
o
M
Q


H-

W
W
O
t-3

I
<






-------
                                        Table V-lb (Continued)

                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
CO



Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.

101.

102.


103.

104.
105.


106.

107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor

heptachlor

alpha-BHC


beta-BHC

garama-BHC
delta-BHC


PCB-1242

PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016


epoxide










(b)

(b)
(b)
(0
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet

849 1
849 1

849 1

849 1


849 1

849 1
849 1


849 1

849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source

ND
ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2

ND
ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3 g
o
§
1
H
53
tn
G
«
O
s
M
O
O
K;

M
W
o

1
<






-------
               Table V-16 (Continued)

ELECTMOWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION - PLANT C
          TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream Sample
Code Typet
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
849 1
C/l
Concentrations (mg/1) M
Source
ND
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.14
0.005
0.001
<0.002
0.001
3.1
0.02
<0.001
Day 1
ND
<0.001
1.8
0.012
0.32
0.31
0.26
4.6
0.98
<0.002
4.3
39
0.30
1 .9
Day 2 Day 3 o
U
»
M
25
OT
- §
Q
M
Q
O
Kj

CO
M
O
^
1
<






-------
                                        Table V-16  (Continued)


                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION  - PLANT C

                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
en
o
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


128.  zinc


Nonconventional Pollutants


ammonia nitrogen


phenolics


tin


Conventional Pollutants


oil and grease


total suspended solids (TSS)


pH (standard units)
Stream
Code


849


849

849


849
849

849
849
Sample
Typet


1


1

1


1
1

1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


0.06


1.5

0.002


0.28
5.6

19
6.5
Day 1 Day 2


1.1


20

0.003


2,300
ND

25,000
13
in
Irl
Day 3 o
o
o
*
H
M
§
O
HI
ra
o
o
w
M
a
<;
     tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab


     (a), (b),  (c)  Reported together.

-------
                                         Table V-17
           ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants

  1.   acenaphthene

  2.   acroleln

  3.   aerylonitrile

  4.   benzene

  5.   benzidine

  6.   carbon tetrachloride

  7,   chlorobenzene

  8.   1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene

  9.   hexachlorobenzene

 10.   1 ,2-dichloroethane

 11.   1 ,1 ,1-trtchloroethane

 12.   hexachloroethane

 13.   1 ,1-dichloroethane

 14.   1 ,1,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code

850

850

850

850
850
850
850

850

850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet

1

1

1

1
1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) ^
Source

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1

ND

ND

ND

0.001
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 Q
§
K
H
**•
t/J
CJ
ttf
n
M
O

W
w
O
^
1
<






-------
.fc.
M
O\
                                   Table V-17 (Continued)


           ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 15.  1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane


 16.  chloroethane

 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether


 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether


 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

 .20.  2-chloronaphthalene


 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol


 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol

 23.  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol


 25.  1 ,2-diehlorobenzene


 26.  1 ,3-dichlorobenzene

 27.  1 ,4-diehlorobenzene


 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
Stream Sample
Code Typet

850 1
850 1
850 1

850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1

850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
Concentrations (mg/1) w
Source

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
u
K
H
M
C
O
1-3
W
Q
1
in
m
o
i
<






-------
                                   Table  V-17  (Continued)

           ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION  AFTER  CHLORINATION  AND  NEUTRALIZATION  -  PLANT  C
                              TREATED  WASTEWATER  SAMPLING  DATA

      I

                                       Stream     Sample        Concentrations  (mg/1)	   n
           Pollutant                   Code      Typet     Source     Day  1     Day 2     Day  3   $
                                                                                              u

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                   >•

 29.  1,1-diehloroethylene             850         1         ND       ND
                                                                                              H
 30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene        850         1         ND       ND                       ^
                                                                                              w
 31.  2,4-diehlorophenol                850         1         ND       ND              .       ..§
                  r                                                                           o
                                                                                              >
 32.  1,2-diehloropropane              850         1         ND       ND                       g
                                                                                              Q
 33.  1,3-dichloropropene              850         1         ND       ND                       §
                                                                                              K
 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol                850         1         ND       ND

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene                850         1         ' ND       ND                       $
                                                                                              o
 36.  2,6-dinitrotoluene                850         1         ND       ND                       H
                                                                                              i
 37.  1,2-diphenylhydra2ine            850         1         ND       ND                       <

 38.  ethylbenzene                     850         1         ND       ND

 39.  fluoranthene                     850         1         ND       ND

 40.  4-ehlorophenyl phenyl ether       850         1         ND       ND

 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        850         1         ND       ND

 42.  bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether       850         1         ND       ND

-------
                                        Table V-17 (Continued)


                ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINAT10N AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



                                            Stream    Sample        Concentrations (mg/1)	
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1    Day 2    Day 3
                                                                                                   w
     Toxic Pollutants  (Continued)                                                                  ^
     	                                                                              o

      43.  bis(2-choroethoxy)methane         850        1         ND       ND                      §

                                                                                                   8
      44.  methylene chloride                850        1         ND      0.045                    *
                                                                                                   1-3
                                                                                                   [t
      45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)   850        1         ND       ND                      2;

                                                                                                   en
      46,  methyl bromide (bromomethane)     850        1         ND       ND                      g
•^                                                                                                  o
tmiiiJ                                                                                                  *hx|
cn     47.  bromoforra (tribromomethane)       850        1         ND       ND                      1-3
*•                                                                                                  w
                                                                                                   Q
      48.  dichlorobromomethane              850        1         ND       ND                      o


      49.  trichlorofluoromethane            850        1         ND       ND


      50.  dichlorodif luorotnethane           85U        1         ND       ND                      w
                                                                                                   w
                                                                                                   o
      51.  chlorodibroraomethane              850        1         ND       ND                      ^
                                                                                                   i
      52.  heKachlorobutadiene               850        1         ND       ND                      <


      53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene         850        1         ND       ND


      54.  isophorone                        850        1         ND       ND


      55.  naphthalene                       850        1         ND       ND


      56.  nitrobenzene                      850        1         ND       ND

-------
                                   Table V-17  (Continued)

           ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND  NEUTRALIZATION -  PLANT C
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
           Pollutant
           -

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 57.  2-nitrophenol

 56.  4-nitrophenol

 59.  2,4-dinitrophenol

 60.  4.6-dinitro-o-eresol

 61.  N-nitrosodiraethylamine

 62.  N-nitrosodiphenylamine

 63.  N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

 64.  pentachlorophenol

 65.  phenol

 66;  bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

 67.  butyl benzyl phthalate

 68.  di-n-butyl phthalate

 69.  di-n-octyl phthalate

 70.  diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code




850


850

850


850


850

850
850
850

850

850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet




1


1

1


1


1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source




ND


ND

ND


ND


ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

0.054
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND ;•


ND

ND


ND


ND

ND
ND
ND

0.035

0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
w
o
o
as
§
v
*

H
. . . . "Z.
CO
c!
W
O
>
td
8
V^j

M
O
l-i
1
<





-------
                                   Table V-17 (Continued)

           ELECTRGWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND  NEUTRALIZATION  -  PLANT C
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 71 .   dimethyl phthalate

 72.   benzo(a)anthracene

 73.   benzo(a)pyrene

 74.   benzo(b) f luoranthene

 75.   benzo(k) f luoranthane

 76.   chrysena

 77.   acenaphthylene

 78.   anthracene          (a)

 79.   benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.   fluorene

 81.   phenanthrene        (a)

 82.   dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.   indeno (1 ,2 ,3-c,d)pyrene

 84.   pyrene
Stream Sample
Code Typet




850 1

850 1

850 1

850 1

850 1

850 1

850 1
850 1

850 1

850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
850 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
CO
M
O
O
5
fd

H
^
0)
G
n
M
O
s
K

M
W
a
^
i
<





-------
                                   Table V-17 (Continued)

           ELECTROyiNNlNy SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT €
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 85.  tetrachloroethylene

 86.  toluene

 87.  trichloroethylene

 88.  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)

 89.  aldrin

 90.  dieldrin

 91.  ehlordane

 92.  4,4'-DDT

 93.  4,4'-DDE

 94.  4,4'-DDD

 95.  alpha-endosulfan

 96.  beta-endosulfan

 97.  endosulfan sulfate

 98.  heptachLor
Stream
Code

850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850

850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1) 2
Source

ND
0.093
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0:01
0.021
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 o
O
K
H
W
§
O
M
I
K

M
W
O
•i
I
<






-------
                                        Table V-17  (Continued)


               ELECTROWINNING  SOLUTION  AFTER CHLORINATION AND  NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
                                  TREATED  WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
en
00



Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants

99.
100.

101.

102.
103.


104.

105.
106.

107.

108.
109.
110.
111.
112.

(Continued)

endrin aldehyde
heptachlor

heptachlor

alpha-BHC
beta-BHC


gamma -BHC

delta-BHC
PCB-1242

PCB-1254

PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016


epoxide








(b)

(b)

(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream
Code


850
850

850

850
850


850

850
850

850

850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet


1
1

1

1
1


1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
w
W
O
53
O
K
H
53
cn
G
CO
h3
w
Q
O
K

W
M
O
1-3
I
<





-------
                                        Table V-17 (Continued)

                ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTEK CHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
it*.
Toxic
113.
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
«50
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.14
0.005
0.001
<0.002
0.001
3.1
0.02
<0.001
Day 1 Day 2
ND
0.77
4.8
0.007
0.13
0.002
0.10
4.70
0.51
<0.002
•2.0
30
0.08
0.78
Day 3
w
o
1
^
H
25
OT
CJ
to
O
M
Q
O

W
M
O
1
<





-------
                                   Table V-17 (Continued)

           ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER GHLORINATION AND NEUTRALIZATION - PLANT C
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
^ phenolics
M
~J
o tin
Conventional Pollutants
oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)
Stream
Code
850
850
850
850
850
850
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.06
1.5
0.002
0.28
5.6
19
Day 1 Day 2
0.12
23
0.5
15
ND
140,000
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY SECT - V
en
>•
«3
Q
tSample Type Code:   1  - One-time grab

(a),  (b) ,  (c)  Reported together.

-------
                                          Table V-18

   ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION,  NEUTRALIZATION,  AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
                               TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

  1 .   acenaphthene

  2.   acrolein

  3.   acrylonitrile

  4.   benzene

  5.   benzidine

  6.   carbon tetraehloride

  7.   chlorobenzene

  8.   1,2 ,4-triehlorobenzene

  9,   hexachlorobenzene

 10,   1,2-dichloroethane

 11.   1 ,1,1-trichloroethane

 12.   hexachloroethane

 13.   1,1-dichloroethane

 14.   1,1 ,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code




845
845
845

845

845

845

845
845


845

845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet




1
1
1

1

1

1

1
1


1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND
ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
0.210
ND
ND
ND l
Day 2




ND
ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3




ND
ND
ND

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND


ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

t/3
W
0
o
o
*
3
en
to
Q
s
w
8
K

W
w
o
^
1
<





-------
ifc*
H
                                         Table V-18 (Continued)


        ELECTROWINN1NG SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 15,  1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane


 16.  chloroethane


 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether


 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether


 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether


 20,  2-chloronaphthalene


 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol


 22.  p-chloro-m-cresol


 23.  chloroform


 24.  2-chlorophenol


 25.  1 ,2-diehlorobenzene


 26.  1 ,3-dichlorobenzene


 27.  1 ,4-dichlorobenzene


 28.  3,3  -diehlorobenzidine
Stream Sample
Code Typet



845 1
845 1

845 1


845 1
845 1

845 1

845 1
845 1

845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND
ND

ND


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
ND

ND


ND
ND

ND

0.004
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2



ND
ND

ND


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3



ND
ND

ND


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
t/5
M
0
O
1
HI
H
2!
C/5
G
a
o
H3
M
Q
g
H5

M
O
I
<





-------
                                        Table V-18 (Continued)

        ELECTROWINNING  SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION ,  NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA


                                           Stream    Sample        Concentrations (mg/1) _
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1     Day 2    Day 3
                                                                                                  £0
                                                                                                  M
     Tox i c  Po I lutants  (Continued)                                                                  g
                                                                                                 .3
      29.   1 ,1-dichloroethylene              845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    §2
                                                                                                  W
      ^u-   1 ,2-trans-dichloroethylene        845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    K
                                                                                                  M
      31.   2,4-diehiorophenol        .845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    ^
                                                                                                  w
      32.   1 ,2-dichloropropane               845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    §
*-                                                                                                 o
33.   1 ,3-dichloropropene               845         1         ND       ND       ND       ND
                                                                                            Q
                                                                                            g
      34.   2,4-dimethylphenol                845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND
      35.   2,4-dinitrotoluene                845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND

      36.   2,6-dinitrotoluene                845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    g
                                                                                                  o
      37.   1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine             845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    *

      38.   ethylbenzene                      845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND    <

      39.   fluoranthene                      845        1          ND      O.OU6    0.005    0.004

      40.   4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether       845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND

      41 .   4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        845        1          ND       ND       ND       ND

      42.   bis(2-ehloroisopropyl)ether       845        1          NO       ND       ND       ND

-------
*».
                                    Table V-18 (Continued)


   ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLOR1NATION , NEUTRALIZATION,  AND  SEDIMENTATION  -  PLANT  C
                               TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA



                                       Stream    Sample        Concentrations  (mg/l) _

           Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day  1     Day 2    Day  3
                                                                                              ^

                                                                                              w
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                  o

                                                                                              z
 43.  bis(2-ehoroethoxy)methane         845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     g

                                                                                              I
 44.  methylene chloride                845         1          ND      0.038     0.024    0.041   K
                                                                                              t-3
                                                                                              H
 45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)    845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     3

                                                                                              M
 46.  methyl bromide (broraomethane)      845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     §
                                                                                              o
                                                                                              >
 47.  bromotorra (tribromomethane)        845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     ^3
                                                                                              cd
                                                                                              o
 48.  dichlorobromoraethane              845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     g
                                                                                              K!

 49.  trichlorofluoromethane            845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND


 50.  dichlorodifluoromethane           845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     |
                                                                                              o
 51.  chlorodibromomethane              845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     H
                                                                                              i

 52.  hexachlorobutadiene               845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND     <


 53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene         845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND


 54.  isophorone                        845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND


 55.  naphthalene                       845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND


 56.  nitrobenzene                      845         1          ND       ND        ND      ND

-------
&>.
M

in
                                    Table V-18 (Continued)


   ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION,  NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
                               TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA          «IAHUN   fLANl L
           Pollutant


Toxic Pollutants (Continued)


 57.   2-nitrophenol


 58.   4-nitrophenol


 59.   2,4-dinitrophenol


 60.   4,6-dinitro-o-cresol


 61.   N-nitrosodimethylamine


 62.   N-nitrosodiphenylamine


 63.   N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

 64.   pentachlorophenol

 65.   phenol


 66.   bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate


 67.   butyl benzyl phthalate


 68.   di-n-butyl phthalate


 69.   di-n-octyl phthalate


 70.   diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code





845
845
845

845
845

845

845
845

845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample Concentrations
Typet Source





1 ND
1 ND
1 ND

1 ND
1 ND

1 ND

1 ND
1 ND

1 ND
1 0.054
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
1 ND
Day 1




ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
, ND
ND
(mg/1)
Day 2




ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Day 3




ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

0.007
1 .300
0.710
ND
0.710
ND
cn
M
o
O
55
1
K)
H
£5
to
§
O
M
n
o
K;

w
M
o
i
<





-------
                                         Table V-18  (Continued)

        ELECTROWINNING  SOLUTION  AFTER CHLORINATION,  NEUTRALIZATION,  AND  SEDIMENTATION  -  PLANT C
                                    TREATED  WASTEWATER  SAMPLING  DATA
cn
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 71.   dimethyl phthalate

 72.   benzo(a)anthracene

 73.   benzo(a)pyrene

 74.   benzo(b)fluoranthene

 75.   benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.   chrysene

 77.   acenaphthylene

 78.   anthracene          (a)

 79.   benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.   fluorene

 81.   phenanthrene        (a)

 82.   dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.   indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene

 84.   pyrene
Stream
Code

845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
o.ooy
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
Day 3

ND
0.013
ND
ND
ND
0.01 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
M
O
0
1

H
2!
G
M
ATEGORY

SECT -
<





-------
                                    Table V-18 (Continued)

   ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINAT10N, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT  C
                               TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 85.  tetrachloroethylene

 86.  toluene

 87.  trichloroethylene

 88,  vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)   845

 89.  aldrin

 90.  dieldrin

 91.  chlordane

 92.  4,4'-DDT

 93.  4,4'-DDE

 94.  4,4'-DDD

 95,  alpha-endosuifan

 96.  beta-endosulfan

 97.  endosulfan sulfate

 98,  heptachlor
Stream
Code





845
845

845

845

845

845
845
845

845

845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet





1
1

1

1

1

1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source





ND
0.093

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
0.009

0.015

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2




ND
0.001

ND

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3




ND
0.014

0.025

ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cfl
M
O
O
55
%

H
. ^
W
§
O
HI
ra
n
1

w
M
O
Hi
1
<





-------
                                 Table V-18 (Continued)

ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION,  NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
                            TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants

99.
100.

101.

102.
£*
2 iu3-

104.
105.
106.

107.

108.
109.
110.
111.
112.

(Continued)

endrin aldehyde
heptachlor

heptachlor

alpha-BHC
beta-BHC

gamma- BHC
deita-BHC
PCB-1242

PCB-1254

PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016


epoxide






(b)

(b)

(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet


845 1
845 1

845 1

845 1
845 1

845 1
845 1
845 1

845 1

845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
845 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3


ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
w
W
O
o
i
1

H
53
W
§
O
t-3
W
O
o

w
K
0
1-3
1
<





-------
                                         Table V-18  (Continued)

        ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION, NEUTRALIZATION, AND SEDIMENTATION  -  PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
£>
M



Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sample
Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3 rft
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

113.
114.
115.


117.
118.

119.
120.
121.

122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.

toxaphene
antimony
arsenic


beryllium
cadmium

chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)

lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium

845
845
845


845
845

845
845
845

845
845
845
845
845
845


1 NO
1 <0
1 0


1 <0
1 <0

1 0
1 0
1 0

1 0
1 <0
1 0
1 3
1 0
1 <0
.001
.008


.001
.001

.003
.14
.005

.001
.0002
.001
.1
.02
.001






ND
<0
3


0
0

0
0
1

0
<0
5
39
0
2
.001
.3


.014
.28

.004
.26
.6

.93
.0002
.6

.22
.2
0
4


0
0

0
0
0

0

-------
                                         Table V-18 (Continued)
        ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CHLORINATION,  NEUTRALIZATION,  AND SEDIMENTATION - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
O
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

128.  zinc

Nonconventional Pollutants

ammonia nitrogen

phenolics

tin

Conventional Pollutants

oil and grease

total suspended solids (TSS)

pH (standard units)
                                            Stream    Sample
                                                               Concentrations (mg/1)
Code




845


845

845

845


845
845

845
Typet




1


1

1

1


1
1

1
Source Day 1




0.06 0.56


1.5 3

0.002 0.20

0 . 28 19


5.6 29
19 1,600

6.5 8.9
Day 2




1.0


1 .6

0.23

22


21
530

8.9
Day 3




0.8


1.3

0.20

16


20
1 ,300



en
w
o
o
1
Kj
(-3
i_i

CO
G
W
n
1-3
w
Q
o

w
M
O
1-3
     tSample Type  Code:   1  -  One-time grab

     (a),  (b),  (c)   Reported  together.

-------
                                               Table V-19
                                        FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
.fc.
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants

  1.   acenaphthene

  2.   acrolein

  3.   acrylonitrile

  4.   benzene

  5.   benzidine

  6.   carbon tetrachloride

  7.   chlorobenzene

  8.   1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

  9.   hexachlorobenzene

 10.   1,2-dichloroethane

 11.   1,1,1-trichloroethane

 12.   hexachloroethane

 13.   1,1-dichloroethane

 14.   1,1,2-triehloroethane
Stream
Code

844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
\t
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3

ND
ND
ND
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
tn
M
O
O
§
»
i_i
CO
g
o
M
O
O

W
M
O
1
<





-------
                                         Table V-19 (Continued)


                                        FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
H
00
to
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 15.  1 ,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane


 16.  chloroethane

 17.  bis(chloromethyl)ether


 18.  bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

 20.  2-chloronaphthalene

 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol


 22.  p-chloro-ra-cresol

 23.  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol

 25.  1,2-dichlorobenzene


 26.  1 ,3-dichlorobenzene

 27.  1 ,4-dichlorobenzene


 28.  3,3  -dichlorobenzidine
Stream
Code




844
844

844


844
844


844
844
844


844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet




1
1

1


1
1


1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source




ND
ND

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2




ND
ND

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3




ND
ND

ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
M
W
O
O
u
§
H
H
S3
w
a
to
o
H3
w
o
o
s

w
M
O
HI
I
<





-------
                                    Table V-19 (Continued)

                                   FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                               TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
ifct
M
O3
           Pollutant

Tox 1 c PoIluEanE s (Continued)

 29.  1,1-diehloroethylene

 30.  1,2-trans-dichloroethylene

 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol

 32.  1,2-dichloropropane

 33.  1,3-dtchloropropene

 34.  2,4-dimethylphenol

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene

 36.  2,b-dinitrotoluene

 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine

 38.  ethylbenzene

 39.  fluoranthene

 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether

 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether

 42.  bts(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Stream
Code

844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

Day 3

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SECON;
§
HI
H
65
W
a
w
o
(-3
w
8
•<

CO
M
O
>3
i
<





-------
                                         Table V-19 (Continued)

                                        FINAL EFFLUENT -  PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA


                                            Stream    Sample    	Concentrations  (rog/1)	
                Pollutant                    Code     Typet      Source    Day  1     Day  2     Day 3
                                                                                                   O)
                                                                                                   t in I
     Toxic Pollutants  (Continued)                                                                   o
     	                                                                               §
      43.   bis(2-ehoroethoxy)methane         844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    O

                                                                                                   3
      44.   methylene chloride                 844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    K
                                                                                                   H
      45.   methyl  chloride (chloromethane)    844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    §
                                                                                                   w
      46.   methyl  bromide (bromomethane)      844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    §
*«•                                                                                                  o
M                                                                                                  >
os     47.   broraoform (tribromomethane)        844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    1-3
**                                                                                                  M
      48.   diehlorobromomethane               844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    g
                                                                                                   K
      49.   trichlorofluororaethane             844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND

      50.   dichlorodifluororaethane            844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    w
                                                                                                   w
                                                                                                   n
      51.   chlorodibromomethane               844        1          ND        ND        ND       NU    ^
                                                                                                   i
      52.   hexachlorobutadiene                844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND    <

      53.   hexachlorocyclopentadiene         844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND

      54.   isophorone                         844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND

      55.   naphthalene                        844        1          ND        ND        ND       UL>

      56.   nitrobenzene                       844        1          ND        ND        ND       ND

-------
                                         Table V-19 (Continued)

                                        FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
Ul




Toxic


57.
58.


59.

60.
61.

62.
63.

64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

Pollutant


Pollutants (Continued)


2-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol


2 ,4-dinitrophenol

4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodirnethylamine

N-nitrosodiphenylamine
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

pentachlorophenol
phenol
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-octyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
Stream
Code




844
844


844

844
844

844
844

844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet




1
1


1

1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND
ND


ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
0.054
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
0.004


0.001

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
0.003
ND
0.002
ND
0.007
Day 2




ND
ND


ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
0.084
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3




ND
ND


ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
0.045
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cfl
M
Q
i
o
»
HI
H
25
W
a
w
a
1
8
*

w
w
n
i
<





-------
     Table V-19 (Continued)

    FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic

71.
72.

73.

74.
H
03 1C
a\ 75 .


76.
77.
78.


79.
8U.
81.
82.
83.
84.

Pollutant

Pollutants (Continued)

dimethyl phthalate
benzo (a) anthracene

benzo(a)pyrene

benzo(b) f luoranthene

benzo(k) f luoranthane


chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene (a)


benzo(ghi)perylene
f luorene
phenanthrene (a)
dibenzo (a , h) anthracene
indeno ( 1 ,2 , 3~e,d)pyrene
pyrene
Stream Sample
Code Typet



844 1
844 1

844 1

844 1

844 1


844 1
844 1
844 1


844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
844 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



ND
ND

ND

ND

ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1



ND
ND

ND

ND

ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2



ND
ND

ND

ND

ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3



ND
ND

ND

ND

ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

w
o
0
o
1
^
H
X
w
a
w
Q

M
Q
o


W
w
o
1-3
1
<





-------
     Table V-19 (Continued)

    FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Toxic
85.
86.
87.
»»•
i^
3 89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
tetrachloroethylene
toluene
trichloroethyler.e
vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
aldrin
dieldrin
chlordane
4, 4 '-DDT
4, 4 '-DDE
4, 4 '-ODD
alpha-endosulfan
beta-endosulfan
endosulfan sulfate
heptachlor
Stream
Code
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
845
Sample
Typet
1
1
.1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
0.093
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
ND
0.008
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SECONDARY
>N
H
55
W
a
w
o
1
»

OT
W
a
i
<





-------
                                         Table V-19 (Continued)

                                        FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
OD



Pollutant
Toxic
99.
100.

101.

102.
103.
104.
105.
106.

107.

10».
109.
110.
111.
l"l2.
Pollutants
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor

heptachlor

alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
gamnia-BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242

PCB-1254

PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016


epoxide





(b)

(b)

(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream
Code

844
844

844

844
844
844
844
844

844

844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (rog/1)
Source

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

w
w
0
o

H3
H
as
in
a
to
0
HI
w
1

w
w
o
^
1
<





-------
                                         Table V-19 (Continued)

                                        FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                                    TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
00
vo
Toxic
113.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121 .
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
Pollutant
Pollutants (Continued)
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium (total)
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream
Code
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
844
Sample
Typet
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
ND
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.14
0.005
0.001
<0.002
0.001
3.1
0.02
<0.001
Day 1
ND
0.004
0.068
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.20
0.015
0.015
<0.002
0.10
1 .8
<0.001
0.008
Day 2
<0.001
0.021
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.14
0.031
0.010
<0.002
0.04
2.7
<0.001
<0.001
Day 3
<0.001
0.061
<0.001
0.02
0.003
0.20
0.021
0.015
<0.002
0.023
3.0
0.03
<0.001
SECONDARY 1
H
55
cn
§
O
H
W
^

W
w
o
1
<





-------
                                    Table V-19 (Continued)

                                   FINAL EFFLUENT - PLANT C
                               TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA

Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128. zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants


ammonia nitrogen

phenolics
i_i
o tin
Conventional Pollutants

oil and grease
total suspended solids (TSS)

pH (standard units)
Stream
Code


844


844

844
844


844
844

844
Sample
Concentrations
Typet Source


1 0


1 1

1 0
1 0


1 5
1 19

1 6


.06


.5

.002
.28


.6


.5
Day 1

0.05


0.5

0.003
0.95


14
31

6.9
(ms/l)
Day 2

0.04


0.6

0.003
0.85


12
32

7.1

Day 3

<0.02


0.8

0.002
1 .4


7.6
29



W
W
1
tJ
i-l
H
2!
OT
UJ
O
W
1
Kj

CO
M
O
1-3
i
tSample Type Code:   1  - One-time grab

(a),  (b),  (c)  Reported together.

-------
                    Table V-20

ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
         TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA



Toxic
1.
2.
3.


£> *
M
V£> c

6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12,
13.
14.

Pollutant

Pollutants
acenaphthene
acrolein
acrylonitrile


benzene

benzidine

carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene

hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2-dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane
hexachloroethane
1 , 1 -dichloroethane
1 ,1 ,2-trichloroethane
Stream
Code


858
858
858


858

858

858
858
858

858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet


1
1
1


1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


ND
ND
ND


ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1


ND
,ND
ND


ND

ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 M
W
o
o
1
H
H
55
W
CJ
W
o
If
w
o
1

w
m
o
i
<





-------
                                         Table V-20  (Continued)

                           ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
*»
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 15.  1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane

 16.  chloroethane

 17.  bis(chlororaethyl)ether

 18.  bls(2-chloroethyl)ether

 19.  2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

 20.  2-chloronaphthalene

 21.  2,4,6-trichlorophenol

 22.  p-chloro-ni-cresol

 23.  chloroform

 24.  2-chlorophenol

 25.  1 ,2-dichlorobenzene

 26.  1 ,3-dichlorobenzene

 27.  1 ,4-dichloroben2ene

 28.  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
S t ream
Code




858
858
858


858
858


858
858
858


858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet




1
1
1


1
1


1
1
1


1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND
ND
ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND


0.037
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1




ND
ND
ND


ND
ND


ND
ND
ND


ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 ....
1 r~™ -~~ ' """ ~ " 	 '""" v3
w
D
O
O



w
CJ
a
o
M
o
o


W
D
HI
1
<





-------
                                   Table V-20 (Continued)



                     ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D

                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAHPLING DATA




                                       Stream    Sample    	Concentrations (mg/1)	

           Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1    Day 2    Day 3
                                                                                               en
                                                                                               M
T_ox_ic Po 1 lutants (Continued)                                                                   O

                                                                                               *z
 2y.  1 ,1-dichloroethylene              858        1          NU       ND                       jg

                                                                                               3
 30.  1,2-trans-dlchloroethylene        858        1          ND       ND                       K
                                                                                               H3

 31.  2,4-dichlorophenol                858        1          ND       ND                       as

                                                                                            |   w

 32.  1,2-dichloropropane               858        1          ND       ND                       g
                                                                                               o

 33.  1 ,3-dtchloropropene               858        1          ND       ND                       S


 34.  2,4-diroethylphenol                858        1          ND       ND                       g
                                                                                               Kj

 35.  2,4-dinitrotoluene                858        1          ND       Nl)


 36.  2.6-dlnitrotoluene                858        1          ND       ND                       w
                                                                                               M
                                                                                               O

 37.  1,2-diphenylhydrazine             858        1          ND       ND                       ^
                                                                                               i

 38.  ethylbenzene                      858        1          ND       ND                       <



 39.  fluoranthene                      858        1          ND       ND


 40.  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether       858        1          ND       ND


 41.  4-bromophenyl phenyl ether        858        1          ND       ND


 42.  bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether       858        1          ND       ND

-------
                                   Table V-20 (Continued)

                     ELECTRON INN ING SOLUTION AFTER CARBON ATION - PLANT D
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA


                                       Stream    Sample        Concent r a 1 1 ons  ( rog / 1 ) _
           Pollutant                    Code     Typet     Source    Day 1    Day 2     Day 3
                                                                                               to
                                                                                               B
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)                                                                    g
                                                                                               g
 43.  bis(2-choroethoxy)methane         858        1          ND       ND                       5
                                                                                               »
 44.  raethylene chloride                858        1         0.021     0.045
                                                                                               H
                                                                                               H
 45.  methyl chloride (chloromethane)   858        1          ND       ND                       *
                                                                                               w
 46.  methyl bromide (bromomethane)     858        1          ND       ND                       §
                                                                                               O
                                                                                               >
 47.  bromoform (tribroroomethane)        858        1          ND       ND                       H
                                                                                               Q
 48.  dichlorobromomethane              858        1          ND       ND                       g
                                                                                               K
 49.  trichlorof luororaethane             858        1          ND       ND

 50.  .dichlorodifluoromethane           858        1          ND       ND

 51.  chlorodibromomethane              858        1          ND       ND
                                                                                               i
 52.  hexachlorobutadiene               858        1          ND       ND                      <

 53.  hexachlorocyclopentadiene         858        1          ND       ND

 54.  isophorone                        858        1          ND       ND

 55.  naphthalene                       858        1          ND       ND

 56.  nitrobenzene                       858        1          ND       ND
o

-------
                                        Table V-2U (Continued)



                          ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D

                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
                Pollutant



     Toxic P o11u t an t s (Continued)



      57.   2-nitrophenol



      58.   4-nitrophenol



      59.   2,4-dinitrophenol



      60.   4,6-dinitro-o-eresol
£»
H>

^     61.   N-nitrosodimethylamine



      62.   N-nitrosodiphenylamine



      63.   N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine



      64.   pentachlorophenol



      65.   phenol



      66.   bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate



      67.   butyl benzyl phthalate



      68.   di-n-butyl phthalate



      69.   di-n-octyl phthalate



      70.   diethyl phthalate
Stream Sample
Code Typet





858 1
858 1

858 1

858 1

858 1


858 1

858 1
858 1

858 1

858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source





ND
ND

ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND

ND

O.OU4
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2





ND
ND

ND

ND

ND


ND

ND
ND

0.028

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
in
w
o
O
5?
O
K!
H
2!
Co
g
0
Ki
B
O
O
K

W
O
H
I
<





-------
                                   Table V-20 (Continued)

                     ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 71.   dimethyl phthalate

 72.   benzo(a)anthracene

 73.   benzo(a)pyrene

 74,   benzo(b)fluoranthene

 75.   benzo(k)fluoranthane

 76.   chrysene

 77.   acenaphthylene

 78.   anthracene          (a)

 79.   benzo(ghi)perylene

 80.   fluorene

 81.   phenanthrene        (a)

 82.   dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

 83.   indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene

 84.   pyrene
Stream
Code




858
858

858


858

858

858

858
858

858

858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet




1
1

1


1

1

1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND
ND

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
Day 1




ND
ND

ND


ND

ND

ND

ND
ND

ND

ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3 „
w
o
o
S3
O
|8
n
H
S3
Cfl
G
e
o
1-3
M
O
O
50
Kj

0
W
o
*3
1
<





-------
                                   Table V-20 (Continued)

                     ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
                              TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
           Pollutant

Toxic Pollutants (Continued)

 85.  tetrachloroethylene

 86.  toluene

 87.  trichloroethylene

 88.  vinyl chloride (ehloroethylene)

 «y.  aldrin

 90.  dieldrin

 91.  chlordane

 92.  4,4'-DDT

 93.  4,4'-DDE

 94.  4,4'-DDU

 95.  alpha-endosulfan

 96.  beta-endosulfan

 97.  endosulfan sulfate

 98.  heptachlor
Stream
Code

858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
Sample
Typet

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source

ND
0.005
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1
ND
0.001
0.027
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 2 Day 3
M
O
§
>
i-S
M
• - &
a
da
o
w

-------
                                        Table V-20  (Continued)

                          ELECTRO-WINNING SOLUTION AFTER  CAKBONATION  - PLANT 0
                                   TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
*>.
VD
00
Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
ioy.
110.
111.
112.
(Continued)
endrin aldehyde
heptachlor
heptachlor
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
garama-BHC
delta-BHC
PCB-1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
PCB-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PCB-1016

epoxide


(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Stream Sample
Code Typet
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
Concentrations (rag/1)
Source
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 1 Day 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Day 3
w
O
o

H
2!
in
C
W
O
w
O
O

tn
M
O
(-3
1
<
•




-------
              Table V-20 (Continued)

ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT i)
         TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA




Toxic


113.
114.

115.

117.

118.


119.

120.
121 .

122.

123.
124.
125.
126.
127.

Pollutant


Pollutants (Continued)


toxaphene
antimony

arsenic

beryllium

cadmium


chromium (total)

copper
cyanide (tptal)

lead

mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
Stream Sample
Code Typet




858 1
858 1

858 1

858 1

858 1


858 1

858 1
858 1

858 1

858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
858 1
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source




ND
<0.001

0.007

<0.001

0.001


0.004

0.016
0.004

0.011

0.0007
0.003
<0.005
<0.001
0.005
Day 1 Day 2




ND
0.300

2.6

0.003

0.20


0.37

0.15
31 ,000

0.50

<0.0002
2.4
<0.005
0.14
0.88
Day 3
w
M
O
O
Z
>
K
H
• r?
CO
§
o
B
M
O
0
K

OT
W
O
i-3
1
<





-------
                                       Table V-20 (Continued)
                         ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION AFTER CARBONATION - PLANT D
                                  TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
o
o
           Pollutant
Toxic Pollutants (Continued)
128.  zinc
Nonconventional Pollutants
ammonia nitrogen
phenolics
tin
Conventional Pollutants
total suspended solids (TSS)
Stream
Code


858



858

858

858



858


Sample Concentrations (mg/1)
Typet Source Day 1 Day 2


1 0.24 0.14



1 0.3 0.6

1 0.001 0.0003

1 1.7 26



1 y 25,000



Day 3
w
o
o
25
O
K
1-3
H
25
W
§
o
m
Q
o
K!

w
M
o
    tSample Type Code:   1  -  One-time grab
    (a),  (b),  (c)  Reported  together.

-------
                                                 Table V-21

                                      INFLUENT TO TREATMENT - PLANT E
                                        RAW  WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                  Pollutant
£»
NJ
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code
896
896

896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
896
Sample
Typet
6
6

6
6
6
6
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source
0.0013
0.007

<0.010
<0.030
<0.030
<0.030
<0.01
0.054
0.0149
0.052
<0.001
0.0014
<0.001
<0.030
Day 1
0.0008
1.60

<0.010
0.061
<0,030
0.13
<0.01
0.11
0.0073
0.16
0.046
0.0010
0.0011
0.36
Day 2
0.0016
0.069

<0.010
0.50
0.035
1.50
<0.01
0.18
0.0031
1.40
0.0042
0.0015
0.0035
1.10
Day 3 w
bd
o
§
0.0047 |
K
0.11 ^
H
<0.010 ^
en
0.30 |
0.035 [I
Q
7.50 §
<0.01
1.10 8
o
<0.0025^
6.40 <
0.0011
0.0118
0.0020
3.40

-------
     Table V-21 (Continued)

INFLUENT TO TREATMENT - PLANT E
  RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA

Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants
Acidity
Alkalinity

Aluminum

Ammonia Nitrogen
*»
K)
° Barium

Boron
Calcium

Chloride


Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Stream
Code


896
896

896

896

896

896
896

896


896
896
896
896
896
896
Sample
Typet


6
6

6

6

6

6
6

6


6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg71)
Source


10
160

2.80

0.04

0.12

0.17
0.067

155


<0.030
0.40
2.80
0.018
0.11
<0.030
Day 1


30
200

1.20

0.50

0.13

4.30
0.26

250


<0.030
4.7
23.00
0.022
0.28
0.70
Day 2


61
110

1.80

3.2

0.75

6.40
0.37

770


0.45
6.4
8.80
0.030
0.91
1.70
Day 3


270
<1

7.60

1.2

0.040

5.40
0.51

930


1.00
8.8
86.00
0.040
1.20
0.64
w
M
O
i
1
*
H
*
m
G
ttf
O
S
w
Q
O
s

w
M
O
i-i
1
<





-------
o
co
                                         Table  V-21  (Continued)


                                    INFLUENT TO TREATMENT  -  PLANT  E

                                     RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA
Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants (Contir

Germanium

Indium
Sod iuni

Sulfate
Tin
Titanium
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOG)

.Total Solids (TS)
Vanadium
Yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
Oil and Grease
Stream
Code

lued)
896

896
896

896
896
896
896
896

896
896
896

896
Sample
lyper

6

6
6

6
6
6
6
6

6
6
6

1
OUUi.

<0.50

<0.50
0.12

46
<0.25
<0.25
510
13

640
<0.030
<0.25

<1
Concentrations (mg/1)
ce Day 1 ~ ~

0.50

<0.50
0.18

190
<0.25
<0.25
1,300 1
8

1,300 2
<0.030
<0.25

<1
uay z

<0.50

<0.50
0.18

320
<0.25
<0.25
,900 2,
<20

,100 3,
<0.030
<0.25


73
H
H
2
W
S
o
w
Q
O

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W
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-------
*»

NJ

O
                                    Table  V-21  (Continued)


                               INFLUENT TO TREATMENT  -  PLANT E

                                 RAW WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA




                                       Stream     Sample        Concentrations  (mg/1)	

           Pollutant                    Code      Typet      Source     Day 1     Day 2    Day 3   w

                                                                                                M

Conventional Pollutants  (Continued)                                                             O
	                                                                         g


Total Suspended Solids (TSS)            896         65        19       43       91         g

                                                                                                K

pH (standard units)                     896                7.20      7.30     5.70     3.90     ^
                                                                                                H
                                                                                                25

                                                                                                W
                                                                                               ' C
                                                                                                a
                                                                                                o


                                                                                                w
                                                                                                Q
                                                                                                o
                                                                                                    w
                                                                                                    M
                                                                                                    Q
                                                                                                    I


                                                                                                    <
    tSample Type Code:  1 - One-time grab

                        6 - 24-hour automatic  composite

-------
                                                Table  V-22


                                        TREATED EFFLUENT  -  PLANT E
                                     TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
                 Pollutant
o
Ul
Toxic
114.
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide (total)
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
Stream
Code


899
899
899

899
899

899
899
899


899

899
899
899
899
899
Sample
Typet


6
6
6

6
6

6
1
6


6

6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source


0.0013
0.007
<0.010

<0.030
<0.030

<0.030
<0.01
0.054


0.0149

0.052
<0.001
0.0014
<0.001
<0.030
Day 1


0.
0.
<0.

0.
<0.

0.
<0.
0.



-------
     Table V-22 (Continued)

   TREATED EFFLUENT - PLANT E
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA

Pollutant

Nonconventional Pollutants

Acidity
Alkalinity


Aluminum

4-, Ammonia Nitrogen
to
o _
m Barium


Boron
Calcium

Chloride

Cobalt
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Stream
Code



899
899


899

899

899


899
899

899

899
899
899
899
899
899
Sample
Typet



6
6


6

6

6


6
6

6

6
6
6
6
6
6
Concentrations (mg/1)
Source



10 4,
160


2.80

0.04

0.12


0.17
0.067

155

<0.030
0.40
2.80
0.018
0.11
<0.030
Day 1



800
56


0.50

3.1

0.080


3.80
0.60

48

0.099
13
0.47
0.036
5.10
1.30
Day 2



20
62


0.80

2.9

0.040


3.70
0.63

950

0.094
61
0.81
0.036
1.10
0.47
Day 3



10
68


0.60

2.5

0.040


3.50
0.60

880

0.083
7.8
0.32
0.035
1.00
<0.030
M
W
O
9
§

1-1
H
S3
w
G
w
o
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M
Q
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W
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-------
     Table V-22 (Continued)

   TREATED EFFLUENT - PLANT E
TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING DATA
Pollutant
Stream
Code
Sampli
Typet
e Concentrations (mg/1)
Source Day
Nonconventional Pollutants (Continued)

Germanium
Indium
Sodium

^ Sulfate
M
5 Tin

Titanium
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

Total Solids (TS)
Vanadium
Yttrium
Conventional Pollutants
Oil and Grease

899
899
899

899
899

899
899
899

899
899
899

899

6
6
6

6
6

6
6
6

6
^6
6

1

<0.50
<0.50
0.12

46
<0.25

<0.25
510
13

640
<0.030
<0.25

0

<0.50
<0.50
0.34

630
<0.25

<0.25
3,800
11

3,600
<0.030
2.10

78
1 Day 2


<0.50
<0.50
0.34

600
<0.25

<0.25
3,400 3,
35

3,500 3,
<0.030
<0.25

11
Day 3
j

<0.50
<0.50
0.32 .

480
<0.25

<0.25
100
190

300
1.30
<0.25

3

M
o
i
I
H
H
as
w
c
W
o
!
O
o

W
M
O
1
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-------
                                          Table  V-22 (Continued)



                                        TREATED  EFFLUENT - PLANT  E

                                     TREATED WASTEWATER SAMPLING  DATA





                                             Stream    Sample         Concentrations  (mg/1) _

                Pollutant                     Code      Typet      Source    Day 1     Day  2     Day 3   m
                ' ™» i ••ilium™ ..... — ii— ——•• ••MMM                    J ~*-~~ ::l =....=— 1111    z=ri1fii«fc.j, — r ji =     jjjjjjminigniiim™ n .....       - ~~:~^rJf=^ r" -       """       :::~ ' "  .a-i.::iii_ _ - -  yj
                                                                                                        w

     Con yen t iona 1 Po 1 lu t an ts  (Continued)                                                               §
                                                                                                        2!

     Total Suspended Solids  (TSS)             899          6     5        <1        4         4
    pH  (standard units)                      899                 7.20       6,30     6.30      6.0
O

OQ
     tSample Type Code:   1  -  One-time grab

                          6  -  24-hour automatic  composite
H
2!

W
a
w

P
^
w
n
o

S
Kj
                                                                                                        w

                                                                                                        o


                                                                                                        I

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-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - V
                           TABLE V-23

                   SECONDARY TIN SAMPLING DATA
             RAW WASTEWATER FROM SELF SAMPLING DATA
     Pollutant

  Sample Number

Toxic Pollutants

117. beryllium
118. cadmium
119. chromium

120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead

124. nickel
128. zinc

Nonconventiona1 Pollutants

aluminum
cobalt
iron

manganese
molybdenum
tin

titanium
vanadium
  Con c e n tratipn (mg/1)

88176          88147
  <0.050
   0.050
  <0.500
  <0.500
   2.000
  <0.200

   0.500
   0.480
  12.000
  <0.500
   1.500

  <0.050
   0.520
  <5.000

  <2.000
  <1.000
75.000
Note: 88176 = Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate
      88147 = De-Aluminizing Rinse
                               4209

-------
       SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                      SECT  -  V
       Tin
    Hydroxide
   Supernatant
   From Scrap
  Precipitation
   Supernatant
   Tank No.  1
   (Sludge and
Plating Solutions)
                       396
  Precipitation
   Supernatant
   Tank No.  2
   (Sludge and
Plating Solutions)
      399
	&
       Tin
    Hydroxide
    Filtrate
                       398
                         Lagoons
                        Discharge
                        to River
     Source
     Water
      394
                      Figure V-l
     SAMPLING  SITES AT SECONDARY TIN PLANT  A
                          4210

-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                               SECT - V
       Source
       Water
                           454
        Spent
   Elec trowinning
      Solution
                           455
                                      To  Sales
      Mud Pond
                           456
               Figure  V-2
SAMPLING  SITES AT  SECONDARY TIN  PLANT B
                   4211

-------
       SECONDARY TIN  SUBCATEGORY     SECT - V
    Source
    Water
     Spent
Electrowintiing
   Solution
XN
 846
                                    NaOCl
                      843
           Chlorination
                                          849
                                Neutralization
                                         x\
                                          850
                                Sedimentation
                                    Ponds
                    Noncontact
                    Cooling
                    Water
                                          845
                                          844
                                  Discharge
                                  to River
                     Figure V-3
     SAMPLING SITES AT SECONDARY TIN PLANT  C
                         4212

-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                                    SECT  - V
    Source
    Water
                     857
     Spent
Elec trowinning
   Solution
                           Carbonation
                                           858
                               Discharge to
                               Surface Water
                    Figure V-4
     SAMPLING SITES AT  SECONDARY  TIN PLANT  D
                        4213

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                                       SECT -  V
Source Hater
  Scrubber
  Slowdown
	<8>
38,000 gp
-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI



                           SECTION VI

                SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS


This   section  examines  the chemical analysis data presented in
Section V and discusses the  selection or exclusion of pollutants
for  potential  limitation.  The  basis  for  the  regulation  of
toxic  and  other  pollutants, along with a  discussion  of  each
pollutant  selected  for potential limitation  is  presented   in
Section   VI  of  Vol. I. That  discussion  provides  information
concerning   the  nature  of  the  pollutant (i.e.,  whether   it
is  a  naturally  occurring  substance,  processed  metal,  or  a
manufactured  compound); general  physical  properties  and   the
form  of  the  pollutant; priority effects of  the  pollutant  in
humans  and  other animals;  and behavior of the  pollutant    in
POTW at the concentrations expected in industrial discharges.

The  discussion  that  follows  describes  the  analysis that was
performed  to  select   or  exclude   priority   pollutants   for
further consideration  for limitations and standards.  Pollutants
will  be  considered  for  limitation if  they  are  present   in
concentrations treatable  by  the technologies considered in this
analysis.   The treatable concentrations used  for  the  priority
metals   were  the long-term  performance  values  achievable  by
lime    precipitation,   sedimentation,   and   filtration.   The
treatable  concentrations used for the priority   organics    are
the  long-term    performance   values  achievable    by   carbon
adsorption.     Also,     conventional     and    nonconventional
pollutants    and    pollutant    parameters    are  selected  or
excluded from limitation.

Following  proposal, additional data was collected concerning raw
wastewater    characteristics   from    tin   smelter   scrubbing
operations.    This data  is  presented   in  section  V  of this
document.   Based  on comments,   the  Agency  has   decided   to
promulgate    different  limitations  for  tin smelter  scrubbing
operations  than for other secondary tin  operations.    Although
secondary  tin   is   still considered a single subcategory,  the
pollutants  selected for tin smelter SO2 scrubber  operations are
different  than  for other secondary tin operations.    This   is
discussed further in Section X.

CONVENTIONAL AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS SELECTED

As  part  of  this study,  the Agency examined  samples  for  two
conventional pollutant parameters (total suspended solids and pH)
and  the nonconventional pollutant parameters  aluminum,  barium,
boron,  fluoride, iron, manganese and tin.  On March 18, 1985 the
Agency  published a notice of data availability which stated that
for the tin smelter S02 scrubber building block,  the  Agency was
considering     regulating   the   nonconventional     pollutants
aluminum,   barium,   boron,   iron,   manganese  and  tin.   For
promulgation,  the  Agency has decided not to regulate  aluminum,


                               4215

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


barium,   boron,  or manganese for the tin smelter  SC«2  scrubber
building  block  because  these pollutants  will  be  effectively
controlled  by  the  limitations  developed  for  the   regulated
priority metal pollutants and the nonconventional pollutants iron
and tin.

The conventional  and  nonconventional  pollutants  or  pollutant
parameters   selected   for  limitation  for  the  secondary  tin
subcategory are:

o  fluoride
o  iron
o  tin
o  total suspended solids (TSS)
o  pH

Plants   which  only smelt tin concentrates and control  the  SC>2
off-gases  with  a  wet scrubber will   not  be   regulated   for
fluoride.   All  other  tin  facilities  will  be  regulated  for
fluoride, but will not be regulated for iron.

Fluoride   was   detected  in  all  12 raw   wastewater   samples
analyzed  for  this study.  Five of the 12 values are equal to or
greater   than  12,000  mg/1.    These  high  concentrations   of
fluoride  are  found in wastewaters associated with secondary tin
production from tin plating solutions and sludges.  The  fluoride
originates  as  tin  fluoroborate  or  fluoroboric acid which are
constituents of tin plating baths.  For these  reasons,  fluoride
is  selected  for limitation in this subcategory.

Iron  was  analyzed  for in four  raw  wastewater  samples.   The
observed concentrations were 140 mg/1,  190 mg/1,  250 mg/1,  and
250   mg/1.    All   4  concentrations  are  greater   than   the
concentration considered achievable with lime,  settle and filter
treatment (0.28 mg/1).   In addition, an iron compound is used as
a raw material in the tin smelting operation.  For these reasons,
iron is selected for limitation in this subcategory.

Tin was analyzed for in all 14 raw waste samples,  and was  found
in  concentrations  ranging  from 0.89 mg/1 to 8800 mg/1.  All 14
values are greater than the 0.14  mg/1  concentration  considered
achievable  by  lime, settle and filter technology.  Also, tin is
expected to be present in the wastewaters from  this  subcategory
because of its prevalence in the process and its solubility.  For
these    reasons,    tin  is  selected  for  limitation  in  this
subcategory.

TSS concentrations ranging from 25 to 50,000 mg/1  were  observed
in  the  14 raw  waste  samples analyzed for this study.   All 14
concentrations  are   well   above   the   2.6   mg/1   treatable
concentration.  Furthermore, most of the specific methods used to
remove   priority  metals  do  so  by  converting  these   metals
to    precipitates,     and    these    priority-metal-containing
precipitates   should    not   be    discharged.     Meeting    a
limitation   on  total suspended solids helps ensure that removal


                               4216

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


of  these  precipitated priority  metals  has   been   effective.
For   these   reasons,  total  suspended solids is  selected  for
limitation  in this subcategory.

The  12 pH values observed during this study ranged from 6.2   to
13.3.   Six  of the 12 values were outside the 7.5 to 10.0  range
considered  desirable  for  discharge  to receiving waters.  Many
deleterious effects are caused by  extreme  pH  values  or  rapid
changes  in  pH.   Also,  effective  removal  of  priority metals
by  precipitation  requires careful control  of  pH.   Since   pH
control  within  the  desirable  limits is readily attainable  by
available  treatment,  pH  is  selected  for  limitation  in this
subcategory.

TOXIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS - SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY

The  frequency  of  occurrence of the priority pollutants in  the
raw   wastewater   samples  is presented  in  Table   VI-1  (page
4233).     Table VI-1  is  based on the raw wastewater data  from
streams 895, 455, 456,  395,  396,  398,   399,   843,  and   856
(see    Section  V).  These  data  provide  the  basis  for   the
categorization    of   specific  pollutants,     as     discussed
below.   Treatment  plant   samples were  not  considered in  the
frequency count.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

The   toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-2 (page 4223) were  not
detected    in     any  raw  wastewater    samples     in    this
subcategory;     therefore,   they   are   not   selected     for
consideration in establishing limitations.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER FOUND ABOVE THEIR ANALYTICAL
QUANTIFICATION CONCENTRATION

The  toxic pollutants listed below were never found  above  their
analytical  quantification  concentration in any  raw  wastewater
samples in this subcategory; therefore, they are not selected for
consideration in establishing limitations.

 9. hexachlorobenzene
11. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
23. chloroform
29. 1,1-dichloroethylene
34. 2,4-dimethylphenol
37. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
39. fluoranthene
55. naphthalene
62. n-nitrosodimethylamine
68. di-n-butyl phthalate
78. anthracene
80. fluorene
81. phenanthrene
87. trichloroethylene
                               4217

-------
             SECONDARY TIN  SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI
 TOXIC  POLLUTANTS  PRESENT BELOW CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVABLE BY
 TREATMENT

 The  pollutants  listed below are not selected for consideration in
 establishing  limitations  because they were not found in any raw
 wastewater    samples  operations   in   this subcategory    above
 concentrations    considered  achievable  by existing or available
 treatment   technologies.   These   pollutants   are    discussed
 individually  following the list.

 117. beryllium
 123. mercury


 Beryllium  was  detected above its analytical quantification level
 (0.1 mg/1) in   four  out  of  14  raw  wastewater  samples.   The
 observed  concentrations  ranged  from  0.02  mg/1  to 0.20 mg/1.
 Three  of these  values are below the treatable  concentration  for
 beryllium   (0.20  mg/1).   One  is  right  at  the  treatability
 concentration and would therefore not  be  reduced  by  available
 treatment  technology.   Beryllium  is therefore not selected for
 limitation.

 Mercury  was detected in six out of  14 raw  wastewater  samples.
 The    six  observed  concentrations  range from  0.0004  mg/1  to
 0.026  mg/1,  all below the concentration considered achievable by
 identified  treatment   technology  (.036  mg/1).    Mercury   is
 therefore not selected for limitation.

 TOXIC  POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN A SMALL NUMBER OF SOURCES

 The  following  pollutants were not selected for limitation on the
 basis  that they are detectable in the effluent from only a  small
 number    of    sources   within  the  subcategory  and  they  are
 uniquely related to only those sources.

 4. benzene
 38. ethylbenzene
 44. methylene chloride
 57. 2-nitrophenol
 58. 4-nitrophenol
 59. 2,4-dinitrophenol
 65. phenol
 66. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
 67. butyl benzyl phthalate
 84. pyrene
 86. toluene
 88. vinyl chloride

Although these  pollutants were not  selected  for  limitation  in
establishing  nationwide regulations,  it may be appropriate, on a
case-by-case    basis,  for the local permit issuing authority  to
specify effluent limitations for one or more of these pollutants.
                               4218

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


Benzene was detected above its treatable level of  0.01  mg/1  in
two  out  of  10  raw wastewater samples.  The observed treatable
concentrations are  .051 and  .047 mg/1, just slightly higher  than
the  treatability   concentration.   Because these values are only
slightly higher than could be achieved by treatment and only  two
in  10  samples  showed  benzene  at  a  treatable concentration,
benzene is not selected for  further consideration for limitation.

Ethylbenzene was detected above its  treatable  concentration  of
0.01  mg/1  in  only  one out of ten raw wastewater samples.  The
observed treatable  concentration is 0.011 mg/1.  Because  it  was
found at a treatable concentration in only one out of ten samples
and  because  the   observed  value  is  only  slightly  above the
treatable  concentration,  ethylbenzene  is  not   selected   for
further consideration for limitation.

Methylene chloride  was found above its treatable concentration of
0.01  mg/1  in three out of  10 raw wastewater samples.  Methylene
chloride is a common laboratory reagent often detected  in  blank
and  raw  water  samples.   The treatable concentrations observed
(0.031, 0.025 and 1.724 mg/1)  are  probably  due  to  laboratory
contamination.   Methylene chloride is therefore not selected for
further consideration for limitation.

2-Nitrophenol was detected above  the  concentration   considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (.01 mg/1) in three
out  of  12 raw wastewater samples.  The treatable concentrations
observed were .031 mg/1, .06 mg/1 and .02 mg/1.  The  Agency  has
no   reason   to    believe   that   treatable  concentrations  of
2-nitrophenol  should be present in  secondary  tin  wastewaters.
For   this  reason,   and because it was detected in such a small
number   of  samples,   2-nitrophenol   is   not   selected   for
further consideration for limitation.

4-Nitrophenol  was detected above its treatable concentration  of
0.01 mg/1 in two out of 12 raw wastewater samples.   The observed
treatable concentrations are 0.026 and 0.025  mg/1.   Because  it
was   found  at  a  treatable concentration in only two out of 12
samples and because the Agency has  no  reason  to  believe  that
treatable  concentrations  of 4-nitrophenol should be present  in
secondary  tin  wastewaters,  4-nitrophenol  is  not selected for
further consideration for regulation.

2,4-Dinitrophenol  was detected above its treatable concentration
of  0.01  mg/1  in  two  out  of  12 raw wastewater samples.  The
treatable concentrations observed are .033 mg/1  and  .086  mg/1.
Because  very little removal could be expected with treatment and
because it was detected at treatable concentrations in  only  two
out  of  12  samples,   2,4-dinitrophenol  is  not  selected  for
further consideration for limitation.

Phenol was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by available treatment technology (.01 mg/1) in three out  of  12
raw  wastewater  samples.   The observed treatable concentrations
are 0.017, 0.02 and 0.13 mg/1.   Because it was detected  in  only


                               4219

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


three  of  12 samples,   and  because the Agency has no reason to
believe that treatable concentrations of phenol should be present
in   secondary  tin  wastewaters,  phenol is  not   selected  for
further consideration for limitation.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate was detected above its  treatability
concentration  of .01 mg/1 in only one out of  12 raw  wastewater
samples.   The  observed  treatable  concentration is 0.268 mg/1.
This compound is a plasticizer commonly used  in  laboratory  and
field  sampling  equipment,  and  is  not  used  or  formed  as a
by-product in this subcategory.   For this reason and because  it
was  detected  at a treatable concentration in only one out of 12
raw  wastewater  samples,   bis(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  is  not
selected for further consideration for limitation.

Butyl  benzyl  phthalate  was  detected  above  the concentration
considered achievable  by  available  treatment  technology  (.01
mg/1)  in  three  out of 12 raw wastewater samples.  The observed
concentrations are .011 mg/1, .012 mg/1,  and  .025  mg/1.   This
compound  is  a plasticizer commonly used in laboratory and field
equipment,  and is not used or formed as  a  by-product  in  this
subcategory.   For  this  reason,  and because it was detected in
only three out of 12  samples,  butyl  benzyl  phthalate  is  not
selected for further consideration for limitation.

Pyrene  was  detected above its treatability concentration of .01
mg/1 in only one out of 12 raw wastewater samples.  The  observed
treatable  concentration  is .063 mg/1.  The Agency has no reason
to believe that  treatable  concentration  of  pyrene  should  be
present  in  secondary  tin  wastewaters.   For this reason,  and
because  it was detected at a treatable  concentration  in   only
one   out   of   12   samples,    pyrene   is  not  selected  for
further consideration for limitation.

Toluene was detected above its treatable  concentration  of  0.01
mg/1  in  two  out  of  ten raw wastewater samples.  The observed
treatable concentrations  are  0.018  and  0.017  mg/1.   Because
toluene  was  detected  in  only  two  out  of ten raw wastewater
samples at concentrations only  slightly  above  treatabilty  and
because it was detected in the source water sample at 0.093 mg/1,
toluene is not selected for further consideration for regulation.

Vinyl  chloride  was  detected above the concentration considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (.01 mg/1) in  only
one   out   of   10   raw   wastewater  samples.   The  treatable
concentration observed is .036 mg/1.  Because it was detected  in
only  one  out  of 10 samples, vinyl chloride is not selected for
further consideration for limitation.
                               4220

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


PRIORITY POLLUTANTS SELECTED FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION IN
ESTABLISHING LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS

The  toxic   pollutants   listed  below   are   selected   for
further   consideration    in   establishing   limitations    and
standards   in  this  subcategory.     The   priority  pollutants
selected  for  further  consideration  for  limitation  are  each
discussed following the list.

114. antimony
115. arsenic
118. cadmium
119. chromium
120. copper
121. cyanide
122. lead
124. nickel
125. selenium
126. silver
127. thallium
128. zinc

Antimony  was  detected  above   the   concentration   considered
achievable  by  identified  treatment  technology  (0.47 mg/1) in
eight  out  of  13  raw  wastewater   samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed  range  from  0.9  mg/1  to  12.0  mg/1.
Antimony is therefore  selected  for  further  consideration  for
limitation.

Arsenic   was   detected   above   the  concentration  considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology  (0.34  mg/1)  in
eight   out  of  14  raw  wastewater  samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed   range   from 1.9  mg/1  to  6.6  mg/1.
Arsenic  is  therefore  selected for  further  consideration  for
limitation.

Cadmium  was  detected   above   the   concentration   considered
achievable  by  identified  treatment  technology (0.049 mg/1) in
13  out   of  14  raw  wastewater   samples.     The    treatable
concentrations  observed  range  from  0.08  mg/1  to  0.42 mg/1.
Cadmium is  therefore  selected  for  further  consideration  for
limitation.

Chromium   was   detected   above  the  concentration  considered
achievable by identified  treatment  technology  (0.07  mg/1)  in
seven out   of   14  raw  wastewater  samples.    The   treatable
concentrations  observed   range   from  0.084   mg/1   to   0.99
mg/1.   Chromium    is    therefore    selected    for    further
consideration for limitation.

Copper was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.39 mg/1) in four out of 14
raw wastewater samples.   The  treatable  concentrations  observed
range  from 0.41 mg/1 to 0.60 mg/1.  Copper is therefore selected
for further consideration for limitation.


                               4221

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI
Cyanide  was  detected   above   the   concentration   considered
achievable  by  identified treatment technology (0.047  mg/1)  in
nine  out  of 13 raw  wastewater  samples   analyzed   for   this
study.    The treatable concentrations observed range  from  0.22
mg/1  to  24 mg/1.    Cyanide  is  therefore selected for further
consideration for limitation.

Lead was detected above the concentration  considered  achievable
by  identified  treatment technology (0.08 mg/1) in ten out of 14
raw wastewater samples.  The  treatable  concentrations  observed
range  from  1.0 mg/1 to 11 mg/1.  Lead is therefore selected for
further consideration for limitation.

Nickel was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.22 mg/1) in nine out of  14
raw  wastewater  samples.   The treatable concentrations observed
range from 0.35 mg/1 to 4.1 mg/1.  Nickel is  therefore  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Selenium   was   detected   above  the  concentration  considered
achievable by identified  treatment  technology  (0.07  mg/1)  in
seven  out   of   14  raw  wastewater  samples.    The  treatable
concentrations  observed  range  from  0.33  mg/1  to  32   mg/1.
Selenium  is  therefore  selected  for  further consideration for
limitation.  Selenium was detected at  3.1  mg/1  in  the  source
water  sample  associated  with  the  wastewater  sample in which
selenium was observed at 32 mg/1.

Silver was detected above the concentration considered achievable
by identified treatment technology (0.07 mg/1) in four out of  14
raw  wastewater  samples.   The treatable concentrations observed
range from 0.30 mg/1 to 0.40 mg/1.  Silver is therefore  selected
for further consideration for limitation.

Thallium   was   detected   above  the  concentration  considered
achievable by identified treatment technology (0.34 mg/1) in five
out of 14 raw wastewater samples.  The  treatable  concentrations
observed range from 0.59 mg/1 tO 3.1 mg/1.  Thallium is therefore
selected for further consideration for limitation.

Zinc  was  detected above the concentration considered achievable
by  identified treatment technology (0.23 mg/1) in eight  out  of
14  raw   wastewater   samples.     The  treatab'.e  concentrations
observed  range  from 0.24 mg/1 to 190 mg/1.   Zinc is  therefore
selected for further consideration for limitation.
                               4222

-------
                                                                  Table  VI-1

                                       FREQUENCY OF  OCCURRENCE  OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                                      SECONDARY  TIN  SUBCATEGORY
                                                               KAW  WASTEWATKR
U)
 1 .
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
 7.
 8.
 9.
10.
11.
1 2,
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
      Pollutant

acenaphthene
acroleln
acrylonitrlle
benzene
benzidine
carbon tetrachloride
chlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
 ,2-dichloroethane
 ,1,1-trlchloroethane
hexachloroethane
 , 1 -d ichloroethane
 , 1.2-trichloroethane
 , 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
chloroetnaiie
bis(chloromethyl) ether
bls(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
parachlorometa cresol
chloroform
2-chlorophenol
 ,2-dichlorobenzene
 ,3-dIchlorobenzene
 ,4-diehlorobenzene
3,3'-diehk>robenzidine
 ,1-dichloroethylene
 ,2-trans-dichloroethyla>e
 ,4-diehlorophenol
 ,2-dtchk>ropropane
 ,3-dichloropropylene
2,4-tliiiieihylphenol
Aialytical
Quantification
Concentration
(mg/l)(a)

0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Treatable
Concentra-
tion
(rog/l)(b)

0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

Number of
Streams
Analyzed

9
8
8
8
9
8
8
9
9
8
8
9
8
8
8
8
8
9
8
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
9
8
8
9

Number of
Samples
Analyzed

12
10
10
10
12
10
10
12
12
10
10
12
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
12
12
12
10
12
12
12
12
12
10
10
12
10
10
12
Detected
Ueteeted Below Below 'Ireat-
Quantification able (Jbncen-
ND Concentration tration

12
10
10
6 2
12
10
10
12
10 2
10
8 2
12
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
12
12
12
8 2
12
12
12
12
12
9 1
10
12
10
10
10 2
Ueteeted (fl
Above 'It eat- 3
able Cbncen- Q
tration 55
...._ o
S*
3
K<
2 H
H
^
W
c
a
n
HI
w
8
u
Kj



cn
W
O
. i
ra
1

<










-------
                                                          Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                                        FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                                       SECONDARY  TIN SUBCATEGORY
                                                                RAW  WASTEWATER
NJ
NJ
          Pollutant

35.   2,4-dinttrotoluene
36.   2,6-dinitrotoluene
37.   1,2-
w
Q
O




cn
W
o
HI
3 ,
2
2 <
H




3
1
3


-------
                                                         Table VI-1  (Continued)

                                       FREQUENCY  OF OCCURRENCE OF  PRIORITY  POLLUTANTS
                                                      SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                                                               RAW WASTEWATER
                                                                                                                                                C/l
01
 69.
 70.
 71 4
 72.
 ?'j.
 74.
 75.
 76.
 77.
 78.
 ?9.
 80.
 81.
 82.
 83.
 84.
 80.
 86.
 b/.
 88.
 89,
 90.
 91.
 92.
 9i.
 94.
 95.
 96.
 97.
 98.
 99.
100.
101.
102.
hi').
      Pol lutant

di-n-oetyl phthalate
diethyl phthalate
dimethyl phthalate
benzo(a)anthraeene
benzo(a)pyrene
3,4-benzofluoranthene
bfcni5o(kjf luoranthene
chrysene
acenaphthylene
anthracene    (c)
berizo(ghi)perylene
fluorene
pherwnthrene  (c)
dibeii2O(a,h)dnthracene
ind«To(1,2,3-c,•

w
Q
O
Kj

1

2 C/l
W
| O
Hi
1

<
H











-------
CB
                  ftillutant
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
ganna-81IC
delta-BBC
KB- 1242
PCB-1254
PCB-1221
K»-1232
PCB-1248
PCB-1260
PUB- 101 6
toxaphene
antimony
arsenic
asbestos
beryllium
cadmium
chroinfun
copper
cyanide
lead
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thalliun
zinc
2,3.7,8-tet


<«J)
(d)
(d)
<«0
(e)
(e)
(e)








(f)







rachlt
                                                      Table  VI-1  (Continued)

                                     FREQUENCY  OF OCCURRENCE OF  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
                                                   SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                                                           RAW WASTEWATER
Analytical
Quant ificac ion
Concentration
(rng/i)(a)
0.005
0.005
0.005
0,005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
10 MFL
0.010
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.02
0.020
0.0001
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.100
0.050

Itea table
Concent ra-
don
(ne/D(b)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.47
0.34
10 MFL
0.20
0.049
0.07
0.39
0.047
0.08
0.036
0.22
0.20
0.07
0.34
0.23

timber of
Streams
Analyzed
3
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

Number of Detected below
Samples Quantification
Analyzed ND Concentration
Delected
Below 'iteat-
able Cbncen-
tratlon
Detected w
Above 'It eat- |rj
able (Jbncen- O
tratlon Q
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
13
14

14
14
14
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
0
5
6

10
1
1

4

8
1
3
9
6
1




4

6
10

4
6
4
4
1
3
5

a
8


13
7
4
9
10

9
7
4
5
8

U
1
1-3
H
S!
to
a
w
o
>
Lj
•3
M
O
O
»
Kj
' ^


w
a
0
^
i

<
H
               p-dioxin (TCUD)
        (a)  Analytical qudutification concentration WEJS reported with tlv data (see Section V).

        (b)  Treatable concentrations are based on performance of lime precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration.

        (c), (d),  (e)  Reported together.

        (f)  Analytical quantification concentration for BFA Method 335.2, Total Cyanide Methods for Chemical Analysis ot Water and Wastes,
            EPA 600/4-79-020, March 1979.

-------
           SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   . SECT - VI


                          TABLE VI-2

                TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 1. acenaphthene
 2. aerolein
 3. acrylonitrlie
 5. benzidene
 6. carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
 7. chlorobenzene
 8. 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
10. 1,2-dichloroethane
12. hexachloroethane
13, 1,1-dichloroethane
14. 1,1,2-trichloroethane
15. l,lf2,2-tetrachloroethane
16. chloroethane
17. bis (chloromethyl) ether (deleted)
18. bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
19. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
20. 2-chloronaphthalene
21. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
22. parachlorometa cresol
24. 2-chlorophenol
25. 1,2-cichlorobenzene
26. 1,3-dichlorobenzene
27. 1,4-dichlorobenzene
28. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
30. lf2-trans-dichloroethylene
31. 2,4-dichlorophenol
32. 1,2-dichloropropane
33. 1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-dichloropropene)
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,6-dinitrotoluene
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42. bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43. bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
45. methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46. methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47. bromoform (tribromomethane)
48. dichlorobromomethane
49. trichlorofluoromethane (deleted)
50. dichlorodifluoromethane (deleted)
51, chlorodibromomethane
52, hexachlorobutadiene
53. hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54. isophorone
56. nitrobenzene
                              -4227

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VI


                     TABLE VI-2 (Continued)

                 TOXIC POLLUTANTS NEVER DETECTED

 60. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
 61. N-nitrosodimethylamine
 63. N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
 64. pentachlorophenol
 69. di-n-octyl phthalate
 70. diethyl phthalate
 71. dimethyl phthalate
 72. benzo(a)anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene)
 73. benzo(a)pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene)
 74. 3,4-benzofluoranthene
 75. benzo(k)fluoranthene (11,12-benzofluoranthene)
 76. chrysene
 77. acenaphthylene
 79. benzo(ghi)perylene (1,11-benzoperylene)
 82. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (l,2,5,6-diben2anthracene)
 83. indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene (w,e,-o~phenylenepyrene)
 85. tetrachloroethylene
 89. aldrin
 90. dieldrln
 91. chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
 92. 4,4'-DDT
 93. 4,4'-DDE(p,p'DDX)
 94. 4,4'-DDD(p,p'TDE)
 95. a-endosulfan-Alpha
 96. b-endosulfan-Beta
 97. endosulfan sulfate
 98. endrin
 99. endrin aldehyde
100. heptachlor
101. heptachlor epoxide
102. Alpha - BHC
103. Beta - BHC
104. Gamma - BHC (lindane)
105. Delta - BHC
106. PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)
107. PCB-1254 {Arochlor 1254)
108. PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221)
109. PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)
110. PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)
111. PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260)
112. PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)
113. toxaphene
116. asbestos
129. 2,3,7,8-tetraehlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
                               4228

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII




                           SECTION VII

               CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The preceding sections of this supplement discussed the  sources,
flows,  and  characteristics  of the wastewaters generated in the
secondary  tin  subcategory.    This   section   summarizes   the
description   of  these  wastewaters and indicates the  level  of
treatment which is currently practiced  for  each  waste  stream.
This  section  also presents the control and treatment technology
options  which  were  examined  by  the   Agency   for   possible
application to the  secondary tin subcategory.

CURRENT CONTROL AND TREATMENT PRACTICES

This  section  presents a summary of the  control  and  treatment
technologies that are currently applied to each  of the   sources
generating  wastewater  in  this  subcategory.   As discussed  in
Section  V,   wastewater  associated   with    the secondary  tin
subcategory  is  characterized by the presence  of  the  priority
metal pollutants,  cyanide,  iron,  fluoride,  tin and  suspended
solids.     This    analysis   is   supported   by    the     raw
(untreated)  wastewater  data  presented  for specific sources as
well as combined waste streams in Section  V.   Generally,  these
pollutants   are   present  in  each  of  the  waste  streams  at
concentrations above treatability, and these  waste  streams  are
commonly  combined for treatment.  Construction of one wastewater
treatment system for combined treatment  allows  plants  to  take
advantage  of  economies  of  scale,  and,  in some instances, to
combine streams  of  differing  alkalinity  to  reduce  treatment
chemical   requirements.    Three   plants  in  this  subcategory
currently have combined wastewater treatment  systems.   One  has
cyanide  oxidation with chlorine, followed by acid neutralization
and sedimentation.  One has lime precipitation and  sedimentation
and  one  has  sedimentation lagoons only.  Two options have been
selected for consideration for BPT, BAT, NSPS,  and  pretreatment
in  this  subcategory,  based  on  combined  treatment  of  these
compatible waste streams.

TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER

The one plant which practices tin smelting from concentrates  and
residues uses an alkaline scrubber to control SO2 emissions  from
the  smelting operations.   The facility practices  greater  than
90  percent  recycle of the  scrubber   liquor.    The   scrubber
liquor contains  treatable  concentrations of priority metals and
suspended solids.   This  stream  is  directly  discharged  after
treatment consisting of lime addition and sedimentation.

DEALUMINIZING RINSE

The facility which reported the use of municipal solid waste as a


                               4229

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


 raw  material uses an alkaline leaching and  rinsing  process  to
 remove aluminum from the scrap prior to detinning operations. The
 spent  leachate and rinse water have a  very  alkaline   pH   and
 contain   treatable   concentrations  of   cyanide  and  priority
 metals.  The  one facility reporting this  stream  discharges  it
 directly  after  treatment  consisting  of  sulfide  addition  to
 precipitate   aluminum,    cyanide    oxidation    with    sodium
 hypochlorite,     acid  neutralization,   vacuum  filtration  and
 sedimentation.

 TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE

 Tin  mud may be neutralized with sulfuric acid and dewatered in a
 filter press prior to sales  to  a  tin  smelter.   The  filtrate
 contains   treatable   concentrations   of  priority  metals  and
 cyanide.  The one facility reporting  this  waste  stream  is  an
 indirect discharger with no treatment in place.

 TIN HYDROXIDE WASH

 The  one  facility  which  reported  the  use  of  tin hydroxide,
 Sn(OH)4,   as   a raw material,  washes the tin  hydroxide   with
 water  prior   to   dissolving it in a  caustic  solution.   This
 solution  is  then mixed  with  the  sodium   stannate   solution
 from   alkaline  detinning  and  tin  is   recovered   from   the
 combined  stream  by electrowinning.    The  spent  wash    water
 contains    treatable concentrations  of  priority   metals   and
 suspended solids.  The one facility reporting this  waste  stream
 achieves  zero  discharge through the use of evaporation ponds.

 SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP

 New tin plated steel scrap is used as a raw material at 10 out of
 12 secondary  tin  plants.   After alkaline detinning, the tin is
 recovered by electrowinning and either all or a  portion  of  the
 spent  solution  is  discharged  as  a  waste  stream.  The spent
 solution  has  a  very  alkaline  pH   and   contains   treatable
 concentrations   of   cyanide,   priority metals,  and  suspended
 solids.  Of the eight plants which practice  electrowinning,  six
 achieve  zero  discharge  by  contractor   disposal,   sales   or
 evaporation  ponds.   Of  the  two plants  which  discharge  this
 stream, one is  an indirect discharger with no treatment in place
 and  the other is a direct  discharger with treatment  consisting
 of cyanide oxidation with   chlorine,   acid   addition,   vacuum
 filtration and sedimentation.

 SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

The  one facility which reported the use of municipal solid waste
as a  raw  material  to  alkaline  detinning  and  electrowinning
discharges  a  spent  electrowinning solution waste stream.  This
stream  has  a  very   alkaline   pH   and   contains   treatable
concentrations   of   cyanide,   priority metals,  and  suspended
solids.  This  stream  is  discharged  directly  after  treatment
consisting   of cyanide oxidation with chlorine,  acid  addition,


                               4230

-------
            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


vacuum filtration and sedimentation.

TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP

Tin   hydroxide  may  be  precipitated  from  alkaline  detinning
solution as an alternative to electrowinning  for  tin  recovery.
Sulfuric  acid  and  sodium  carbonate  are  added  to the sodium
stannate solution  and  the  tin  hydroxide  forms  an  insoluble
precipitate   which   is  separated  from  the  liquid  phase  by
sedimentation.  The supernatant waste stream  contains  treatable
concentrations    of   cyanide  and   priority    metals.     The
one  plant   reporting   this   waste   stream   is   a    direct
discharger after treatment in sedimentation lagoons.

TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES

Tin  hydroxide  may  be precipitated from spent plating solutions
and  sludges  generated  from  tin  plated  steel   manufacturing
operations.   Sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate are added to the
solution and an insoluble precipitate of tin hydroxide is formed.
The  precipitate  is  separated  from   the   liquid   phase   by
sedimentation.    The   supernatant   stream  contains  treatable
concentrations  of  cyanide  and  priority  metals  as  well   as
high concentrations  of  fluoride.   The one plant reporting this
waste     stream  is a direct discharger after treatment in
sedimentation lagoons.

TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

Tin   hydroxide   slurry  which  has  been  separated  from   the
supernatant  stream  may be further dewatered in a  filter  press
prior  to drying.   The resultant filtrate waste stream  contains
treatable  concentrations of  antimony,  cyanide,  fluoride,  and
suspended solids.   The one facility reporting this waste  stream
is a direct discharger after treatment in sedimentation lagoons.

CONTROL AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

The  Agency  examined  two  control  and   treatment   technology
alternatives   that   are  applicable  to  the    secondary   tin
subcategory.   The  options  selected  for evaluation represent a
combination of flow reduction, pretreatment technology applicable
to  individual  waste  streams,    and   end-of-pipe treatment
technologies.

OPTION A

Option   A  for the  secondary tin subcategory requires treatment
technologies to reduce pollutant mass.   The  Option  A treatment
scheme  consists of cyanide precipitation  preliminary  treatment
applied   to  the  combined stream of dealuminizing rinse,  spent
electrowinning  solution  from new  scrap  and   municipal  solid
waste,  tin  hydroxide  supernatant  from  scrap,  tin  hydroxide
supernatant from plating solutions  and sludges,   tin  hydroxide
filtrate, and tin mud acid neutralization filtrate.   Preliminary


                               4231

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            SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - VII


treatment    is    followed    by    chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation   applied  to  the  combined  stream   of   cyanide
precipitation   effluent,   tin  smelter SC*2 scrubber   and   tin
hydroxide  wash.  Chemical precipitation is used to remove metals
and fluoride by the addition of lime or sulfuric acid followed by
gravity sedimentation.  Suspended solids are also removed by  the
process.   It  is  necessary  to  use  lime  as the precipitation
chemical in order to achieve effective tin removal.

OPTION C

Option  C  for the  secondary tin  subcategory  consists of   all
control    and  treatment  requirements  of  Option  A   (cyanide
precipitation,   chemical  precipitation, and sedimentation) plus
multimedia filtration technology added at the  end of the  Option
A  treatment  scheme.   Multimedia filtration is used  to  remove
suspended   solids,   including   precipitates   of  metals   and
fluoride,   beyond   the   concentration  attainable  by  gravity
sedimentation.   The filter suggested is of  the  gravity,  mixed
media   type,  although other forms of filters such as rapid sand
filters  or  pressure filters  would  perform   as   well.    The
addition  of  filters  also  provides  consistent  removal during
periods in which there are rapid increases in flows  or  loadings
of pollutants to the treatment system.
                               4232

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           SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII




                          SECTION VIII

            COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL
This  section  presents  a  summary  of  compliance costs for the
secondary  tin subcategory and a  description  of  the  treatment
options   and  subcategory-specific assumptions used  to  develop
these  estimates.    Together  with  the   estimated    pollutant
removals  presented  in  Sections  IX,  X,  XI,  and  XII of this
supplement, these cost estimates provide a basis  for  evaluating
each  regulatory  option.   These cost estimates are also used in
determining the probable economic impact  of  regulation  on  the
subcategory   at   different   pollutant  discharge  levels.   In
addition, this section addresses nonwater  quality  environmental
impacts   of   wastewater  treatment  and  control  alternatives,
including air pollution, solid wastes, and  energy  requirements,
which are specific to the  secondary tin subcategory.

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EXISTING SOURCES

As  discussed  in  Section  VII,  two treatment options have been
developed for existing  secondary  tin  sources.    The treatment
schemes    for    each   option   are   summarized    below   and
schematically  presented  in Figures X-l and X-2  (pages  4279
4280) .

OPTION A

Option A consists of preliminary treatment consisting of  cyanide
precipitation  where  required  and  chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation end-of-pipe technology.

OPTION C

Option C consists of Option A preliminary treatment consisting of
cyanide precipitation where required and  chemical  precipitation
and sedimentation with the addition of multimedia filtration.

COST METHODOLOGY

A  detailed  discussion  of  the  methodology used to develop the
compliance  costs  is presented in  Section  VIII   of   Vol.  I.
Plant-by-plant   compliance  costs  for  the  nonferrous   metals
manufacturing   category   have   been   revised   as   necessary
following   proposal.    These   revisions  calculate incremental
costs,  above treatment already in place,  necessary to comply with
the  promulgated effluent  limitations  and  standards  and   are
presented    in   the  administrative  record   supporting   this
regulation.   A comparison of the costs developed for proposal and
the  revised costs for the final rulemaking for   the   secondary
tin   subcategory   are  presented in Tables  VIII-1  and  VIII-2
(page  4237).


                               4233

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           SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII
Each of the general assumptions used to develop compliance  costs
is  presented in Section VIII of Vol. I. Each  subcategory   also
contains   a   unique  set of waste  streams  requiring   certain
subcategory-specific  assumptions  to  develop compliance  costs.
The   four  major  assumptions specific  to  the  secondary   tin
subcategory  are  discussed  briefly below.

(1)    The    generation   of calcium  fluoride   (CaF2)   during
chemical   precipitation    was  considered  in    cases    where
significant  amounts  of  fluoride were present.   If the  sludge
resulting from chemical precipitation  was  mostly  composed   of
CaF2    (>  50 percent),   it   was assumed to be  suitable   for
resale  for  use  as a fluxing agent.   Thus,  annual  costs  for
contract  hauling  of  these sludges were not included  in  these
instances.

(2) All sludges produced from wastewater treatment are considered
to  be  nonhazardous  except  for  those  resulting  from cyanide
precipitation,  which  contain  cyanide.   Such  cyanide  bearing
sludges  were  costed  as  being  disposed  separately  based  on
hazardous waste contract hauling costs.

(3)  The  sampling  values  for TSS and aluminum concentration in
spent electrowinning solutions were revised.  It was assumed that
the values reported were in error by a factor of  1000  based  on
conversations with personnel at one of the two sampled plants and
evaluation of the reported data.  The concentrations were revised
as follows:

                      Old                   New

            TSS    36,500 mg/1            36.5 mg/1

            Al     28,700 mg/1            28.7 mg/1


(4)  Cost estimates for cyanide precipitation for plants 1046 and
1047 do not include costs for a reaction tank and agitator.  This
was done because in each case the low total flow rates  into  the
treatment  system  resulted in retention (or holdup) times in the
chemical precipitation tank large enough to  allow  both  cyanide
precipitation   and   chemical  precipitation  to  occur  without
significantly  increasing  the  tank  size.   For  example,   the
retention  time in the chemical precipitation tank for Plant 1047
was four days or 96 hours.  Since the required batch duration for
cyanide precipitation  was  8.5  hr.  and  16  hr.  for  chemical
precipitation,  both  processes  could be accomplished within the
time available.   The above procedure resulted  in  a  significant
reduction in capital investment.

NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Nonwater  quality  impacts  specific   to   the  secondary    tin
subcategory,    including  energy  requirements, solid waste  and


                               4234

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           SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


air pollution are discussed below.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

Energy    requirements   for   Option   A   are  estimated     at
576,000  kwh/yr.     Option  C,   which  includes filtration,  is
estimated   to  increase  energy  consumption  over Option  A  by
approximately one percent.  Further, the total energy requirement
for   Option  C  is  approximately one percent of  the  estimated
total plant energy usage.  It  is  therefore  concluded that  the
energy  requirements  of the treatment  options  considered  will
have   no   significant   impact   on    total    plant    energy
consumption.

SOLID WASTE

Sludge  generated in the  secondary tin subcategory is due to the
precipitation  of  metals  as hydroxides  and   carbonates  using
lime.    Sludges  associated with the  secondary tin  subcategory
will  necessary contain quantities of priority  metal pollutants.
Sludges  from primary operations are not subject to regulation as
hazardous wastes since wastes generated by  primary smelters  and
refiners are currently exempt from regulation by Act of  Congress
(Resource   Conservation   and   Recovery   Act  (RCRA),  Section
3001(b)),  as interpreted by EPA.   Wastes  from  secondary metal
operations  can  be  regulated as hazardous.  However, the Agency
examined  the  solid   wastes   that  would   be   generated   at
secondary nonferrous metals manufacturing plants by the suggested
treatment technologies and believes they are not hazardous wastes
under the Agency's regulations implementing Section 3001 of RCRA,
with  one  exception. This judgment is based on  the  results  of
Extraction  Procedure  (EP) toxicity tests performed  on  similar
sludges  (i.e.  toxic-metal-bearing lime  sludges)   generated  by
other  industries  such as the iron and steel industry.  A  small
amount  (5-10%) excess lime was added  during treatment, and  the
sludges subsequently generated  passed the toxicity test. See CFR
8261.24.  Thus, the Agency believes that the  wastewater  sludges
from  both    secondary operations will not be EP  toxic  if  the
recommended  technology  is applied. The one  exception  is  that
sludges   produced  as  a result  of  cyanide  precipitation  are
expected  to exhibit hazardous characteristics, and  have    been
treated as such in our analysis.

Although  it  is  the Agency's view that most of the solid wastes
generated as a result of these guidelines are not expected to  be
hazardous,  generators  of  these  wastes  must test the waste to
determine if the  wastes  meet  any  of  the  characteristics  of
hazardous waste (see 40 CFR 262.11).

If  these wastes should be identified or are listed as hazardous,
they will come within the  scope  of  RCRA's  "cradle  to  grave"
hazardous waste management program, requiring regulation from the
point  of  generation  to  point  of  final  disposition.   EPA's
generator  standards  would  require  generators   of   hazardous
nonferrous  metals manufacturing wastes to meet containerization,


                               4235

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           SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII


labeling, recordkeeping, and reporting  requirements;  if  plants
dispose of hazardous wastes off-site,  they would have to prepare
a  manifest which would track the movement of the wastes from the
generator's premises to a permitted off60site treatment, storage,
or disposal facility.   See 40 CFR 262.20, 45 FR  33142  (May 19,
1980),   as  amended  at  45  FR  86973 (December 31, 1980).  The
transporter regulations require transporters of hazardous  wastes
to  comply with the manifest system to assure that the wastes are
delivered to a permitted facility.  See  40  CFR  263.20,  45  FR
33151  (May 19f  1980),  as  amended at 45 FR 86973 (December 31,
1980).   Finally,  RCRA  regulations  establish   standards   for
hazardous  waste  treatment,  storage,  and  disposal  facilities
allowed to receive such wastes.  See 40 CFR Part 464, 46 FR  2802
(January 12, 1981), and 47 FR 32274 (July 26, 1982).

Even  if these wastes are not identified as hazardous, they still
must be disposed of  in  compliance  with  the  Subtitle  D  open
dumping  standards, implementing Section 4004 of RCRA.  See 44 FR
53438 (September 13, 1979).  The  Agency has calculated  as  part
of  the  costs  for  wastewater treatment the cost of hauling and
disposing of these wastes.

It is estimated that 2,781 metric tons per year of sludge will be
generated as a result of these proposed BAT and PSES  regulations
for the  secondary tin subcategory.

AIR POLLUTION

There  is no reason to believe that any substantial air pollution
problems   will   result   from   implementation    of    cyanide
precipitation,   chemical   precipitation,   sedimentation,   and
multimedia filtration.  These technologies transfer pollutants to
solid waste and are not likely to transfer pollutants to air.
                               4236

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           SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII
                          TABLE VIII-1

      COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                       DIRECT DISCHARGERS

Compliance  costs for direct dischargers in this subcategory  are
not  presented here because the data on which they are based  has
been claimed to be confidential.
                          TABLE VIII-2

      COST OF COMPLIANCE FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                      INDIRECT DISCHARGERS


              Proposal Costs              Promulgation Costs
Option  Capital Cost   Annual Cost    Capital Cost   Annual Cost
A
B
333400
341700
112200
119900
156612
160187
46676
50044
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SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - VIII
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                    4238

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             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX



                           SECTION IX

     BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section  defines  the  effluent  characteristics  attainable
through  the  application  of best practicable control technology
currently   available   (BPT).  BPT    reflects   the    existing
performance  by plants of various sizes, ages, and  manufacturing
processes within  the  secondary  tin  subcategory, as   well  as
the  established  performance  of the  recommended BPT   systems.
Particular   consideration    is    given    to   the   treatment
already   in   plac.e  at the plants within  the  data base.

The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total  cost
of  applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits  from  such  application,  the  age  of   equipment  and
facilities  involved,  the manufacturing processes used, nonwater
quality environmental impacts  (including  energy  requirements),
and  other  factors  the Administrator considers appropriate.  In
general, the BPT level represents the  average  of  the  existing
performances  of  plants  of  various  ages, sizes, processes, or
other common  characteristics.   Where  existing  performance  is
uniformly  inadequate,  BPT  may  be transferred from a different
subcategory  or  category.   Limitations  based  on  transfer  of
technology  are  supported  by  a  rationale  concluding that the
technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable  prediction
that  it  will  be  capable  of achieving the prescribed effluent
limits (see Tanner's Council of America v. Train, 540  F.2d  1188
(4th  Cir.   1976).   BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather
than process changes or  internal  controls,  except  where  such
practices are common industry practice.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT

The Agency studied the nonferrous metals category to identify the
processes  used,  the  wastewaters  generated,  and the treatment
processes installed.  Information was collected from the category
using  data  collection  portfolios,  and  specific  plants  were
sampled  and  the  wastewaters  analyzed.   In  making  technical
assessments  of  data,  reviewing  manufacturing  processes,  and
assessing  wastewater treatment technology options, both indirect
and direct dischargers have been considered as  a  single  group.
An  examination  of  plants  and  processes  did not indicate any
process differences based on the type of discharge, whether it be
direct or indirect.

As explained  in  Section  IV,   the  secondary  tin  subcategory
has   been   subdivided into nine potential  wastewater  sources.
Since   the  water  use,     discharge   rates,    and   pollutant
characteristics  of  each  of  these  wastewaters  is potentially
unique,  effluent limitations will be developed for  each  of  the
nine subdivisions.
                               4239

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             SECONDARY TIN SDBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
For  each  of  the subdivisions, a specific approach was followed
for  the  development  of  BPT  mass  limitations.    The   first
requirement  to  calculate  these  limitations  is to account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant.   Therefore,
a  unit  of  production or production normalizing parameter (PNP)
was determined for each waste stream which could then be  related
to the flow from the process to determine a production normalized
flow.  Selection of the PNP for each process element is discussed
in  Section  IV.   Nonprocess wastewaters such as rainfall runoff
and noncontact cooling water are not considered in the  analysis.

Production  normalized  flows  for  each  subdivision  were  then
analyzed  to  determine  the flow to be used as part of the basis
for BPT mass limitations.  The selected flow (sometimes  referred
to as the BPT regulatory flow or BPT discharge rate) reflects the
water   use  controls  which  are  common  practices  within  the
category.  The BPT regulatory flow is based on the average of all
applicable data.  Plants with normalized flows above the  average
may  have  to  implement some method of flow reduction to achieve
the BPT limitations.

The second requirement to calculate mass limitations is  the  set
of  concentrations  that are achievable by application of the BPT
level of treatment technology.  Section VII discusses the various
control and treatment technologies which are currently  in  place
for  each  wastewater source.  In most cases, the current control
and treatment technologies consist of chemical precipitation  and
sedimentation     (lime   and   settle    technology).    Cyanide
precipitation     is    applied   to   streams   with   treatable
concentrations of cyanide.

Using these regulatory flows and the  achievable  concentrations,
the  next  step is to calculate mass loadings for each wastewater
source  or  subdivision.   This  calculation  was   made   on   a
stream-by-stream   basis,   primarily  because  plants  in   this
subcategory may perform one or more of the operations in  various
combinations.   The  mass  loadings  (milligrams of pollutant per
metric   ton  of  production     mg/kkg)   were   calculated   by
multiplying  the BPT regulatory flow (1/kkg) by the concentration
achievable by the BPT level of treatment  technology  (mg/1)  for
each  pollutant  parameter  to  be limited under BPT.  These mass
loadings are published in the Federal Register and  in  CFR  Part
421   as   the  effluent  limitations  and  standards   for   the
subcategory.

The mass loadings which are allowed under BPT for each plant will
be  the  sum  of  the  individual  mass  loadings for the various
building  blocks  which  are  found   at    particular    plants.
Accordingly,  all  the wastewater generated within a plant may be
combined for treatment in a single or  common  treatment  system,
but  the  effluent limitations for these combined wastewaters are
based on the various wastewater sources which actually contribute
to the combined flow.  This method accounts for  the  variety  of
combinations of wastewater sources and production processes which


                               4240

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             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


may be found at  secondary tin plants.

The Agency usually establishes wastewater limitations in terms of
mass  rather  than concentration.  This approach prevents the use
of dilution as a treatment method (except  for  controlling  pH).
The  production  normalized  wastewater  flow  (1/kkg)  is a link
between the production operations and the  effluent  limitations.
The  pollutant  discharge  attributable  to each operation can be
calculated from the normalized flow  and  effluent  concentration
achievable  by  the  treatment technology and summed to derive an
appropriate limitation for each plant.

INDUSTRY COST AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL ESTIMATES

In balancing costs in relation to  effluent  reduction  benefits,
EPA  considers  the volume and nature of existing discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges  expected  after  application  of
BPT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
cost  and  economic  impacts  of  the  required pollution control
level.  The Act does not require or permit consideration of water
quality problems attributable  to  particular  point  sources  or
industries,  or  water  quality  improvements in particular water
quality bodies.  Accordingly, water quality  considerations  were
not the basis for selecting, the proposed or promulgated BPT.  See
Weyerhaeuser Company v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1978).

The methodology for calculating pollutant removals and compliance
costs is discussed in Section X.  The pollutant removal estimates
have  been  revised  since  proposal based on comments and on new
data. Table X-l (page 4266) shows the pollutant removal estimates
for  each treatment  option  for  direct dischargers.  Compliance
costs  for  direct dischargers are presented in Table  X-2  (page
4268).

BPT OPTION SELECTION

The  technology  basis for the promulgated  BPT  limitations   is
Option A,  chemical precipitation and sedimentation technology to
remove metals,  fluoride,  and solids from  combined  wastewaters
and  to control  pH,  with  preliminary  treatment  consisting of
cyanide precipitation.   The promulgated technology is equivalent
to   the  proposed   technology.    Chemical   precipitation  and
sedimentation  technology is already  in-place  at  two  of   the
three    direct   dischargers   in    the    subcategory.     The
pollutants  specifically  selected  for  regulation  at  BPT  are
arsenic,  cyanide, lead, iron, tin,  fluoride,  TSS, and  pH.  As
discussed in Section X,  plants which only smelt tin concentrates
and   control   SO2 off-gases with a wet scrubber will   not   be
regulated  for  cyanide  or fluoride.   All other  secondary  tin
plants will be regulated for cyanide and fluoride,  but will  not
be  regulated for arsenic and iron.   The BPT treatment scheme is
presented schematically in Figure IX-1 (page 4257).

Implementation of the promulgated  BPT  limitations  will  remove
annually   an  estimated 544 kg of priority  metals,  144  kg  of


                               4241

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             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


cyanide,  237,220  kg  of fluoride,  and  506,900  kg   of   TSS.
Capital   and  annual costs for achieving BPT are  not  presented
here because the data on which they are based has been claimed to
be confidential.

More stringent technology options were not selected for BPT since
they   require   in-process  changes or end-of-pipe  technologies
not demonstrated in the subcategory,  and,  therefore,  are  more
appropriately considered under BAT.

We   are   transferring   cyanide  precipitation  technology  and
performance  to  the    secondary  tin   subcategory   from  coil
coating   plants.   We believe the technology is transferable  to
these  subcategories because the raw  wastewater   concentrations
are  of  the  same  order  of magnitude as those observed in coil
coating wastewater.  In that cyanide precipitation  converts  all
cyanide species to complex cyanides and that precipitation of the
complexed  cyanides  is  solubility  related, we believe that the
technology will achieve identical effluent concentrations in both
categories.

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES

A BPT discharge rate is calculated for each building block  based
on  the   average   of   the flows of  the  existing  plants,  as
determined from analysis of dcp.   The  discharge  rate  is  used
with   the achievable  treatment  concentrations   to   determine
BPT  effluent  limitations.   Since the  discharge  rate  may  be
different  for   each  wastewater  source,  separate   production
normalized  discharge  rates for  each  of   the   9   wastewater
sources  are discussed below and summarized in Table  IX-1  (page
4247).   The discharge rates are normalized on a production basis
by relating the amount of wastewater generated to the mass of the
intermediate  or  product  which is  produced   by  the   process
associated  with the waste stream in question.  These  production
normalizing parameters, or PNPs, are  also  listed  in Table IX-1
(page 4247).

Section  V  of this document further describes the discharge flow
rates and presents the water use and  discharge  flow  rates  for
each plant by subdivision in Tables V-l through V-9 (pages 4068 -
4070)

TIN SMELTER SO2 SCRUBBER

The   BPT   wastewater   discharge  promulgated for  tin  smelter
SC-2  scrubber  water is 9,198 1/kkg (2,204  gal/ton)   of   crude
tapped tin,   based  on  greater  than  90 percent recycle.  This
rate  is allocated only to  those  plants  which  use   wet   air
pollution    control    to   control  SO2  emissions   from   tin
smelting  operations.  Only  one facility reported  tin  smelting
operations and the use of wet scrubbing.  Water use and discharge
rates    are    presented    in Table  V-l  (page  4068).    This
facility   has   a recycle  rate  of  greater  than  90  percent.
The  BPT  flow  was revised  following   proposal  based  on data


                               4242

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             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


obtained  during  a field sampling episode.

DEALUMINIZING RINSE

The BPT flow allowance proposed and promulgated for dealuminizing
rinse  wastewater  is  35 1/kkg (9 gal/ton) of dealuminized scrap
produced.  This rate is allocated  only  to  those  plants  which
practice  dealuminizing  of  tin  bearing  steel  scrap  prior to
alkaline detinning.  Only one facility  reported  this  practice,
which  is apparently only necessary when municipal solid waste is
used as a raw  material.   The  water  use  and  discharge  rates
reported   by   this facility are presented in  Table  V-2  (page
4068).    The BPT flow rate is based on the wastewater  discharge
rate  reported  by this facility.

TIN MUD ACID NEUTRALIZATION FILTRATE

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin mud  acid  neutralization  filtrate  is  5,047  1/kkg  (1,210
gal/ton)  of  neutralized, dewatered tin mud produced.  This rate
is allocated only to those facilities which  neutralize  tin  mud
with sulfuric acid and dewater the neutralized mud.  One facility
reported  this  practice.   Water  use  and  discharge  rates are
presented  in  Table V-3 (page 4068).   The BPT  flow   rate   is
based   on   the  production normalized  flow  reported  by  this
facility.

TIN HYDROXIDE WASH

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin hydroxide wash water is 11,953 1/kkg (2,869 gal/ton)  of  tin
hydroxide   washed.    This  rate  is  only  allocated  to  those
facilities which use tin hydroxide  as  a  raw  material  in  tin
electrowinning  operations  and  wash  the tin hydroxide prior to
dissolution in a  caustic  solution.    One  plant  reported  this
practice.    The water use and wastewater discharge rates reported
by  this facility are presented in Table V-4 (page  4069).    The
BPT  flow  rate is  based  on  the  wastewater   discharge   rate
reported by this facility.

SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM NEW SCRAP

The BPT wastewater discharge rate proposed  and  promulgated  for
spent  electrowinning  solution  from  new  scrap is 16,800 1/kkg
(4,029 gal/ton)  of cathode tin produced.  This rate is  allocated
only  to  those plants which produce  tin metal by electrowinning.
There are eight facilities which produce tin  by  electrowinning.
Six  of  these  eight  plants  reported sufficient information to
calculate a discharge rate  from  this  process.    The  BPT  flow
allowance  is  based  on the average  of the production normalized
flows  reported  by these six facilities (see  Table   V-5,  page
4069).   These production  normalized   flows  ranged  from  10,498
1/kkg to 24,069  1/kkg.
                               4243

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
SPENT ELECTROWINNING SOLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

The  BPT  flow  rate   proposed   and   promulgated   for   spent
electrowinning  solution  from municipal solid waste is 119 1/kkg
(29 gal/ton) of MSW scrap used as  a  raw  material  in  alkaline
detinning  operations.   This  rate  is  allocated  only to those
plants which recover secondary tin from municipal solid waste  by
alkaline detinning and electrowinning.  One facility reported the
use of municipal solid waste as a raw material in addition to new
scrap.  This facility discharges four to five times as much spent
electrowinning  solution  per  mass  of electrolytic tin produced
than the average of the other six plants which reported flows for
this waste  stream.   The  large  flow  is  a  direct  result  of
impurities  which are introduced into the electrowinning solution
from the municipal solid waste.

This  wastewater   flow  allowance  for  sites   which   process
municipal   solid   waste   was  calculated  by  subtracting  the
facility's BPT flow allowance for spent  electrowinning  solution
from  new scrap from the total spent electrowinning solution flow
rate reported by the facility.   The  difference  represents  the
flow  due  to  municipal  solid  waste processing.  This flow was
divided by the amount of municipal solid waste  scrap  which  the
facility uses as a raw material to alkaline detinning operations.
The  resultant  production  normalized  flow rate is 119 1/kkg of
municipal solid waste scrap used as a raw material, as  shown  in
Table V-6 (page 4069).

TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM SCRAP

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin hydroxide supernatant from  scrap  is  55,640  1/kkg  (13,354
gal/ton)  of  tin  metal  recovered  from  scrap.   This  rate is
allocated  only  to  those  facilities  which   precipitate   tin
hydroxide from tin solutions generated from alkaline detinning of
tin  plated  steel  scrap.   One facility reported this practice.
Water  use and discharge rates are presented in Table  V-7  (page
4070).  The BPT  flow rate is based on the production  normalized
flow  rate  at the one facility currently generating  this  waste
stream.

TIN HYDROXIDE SUPERNATANT FROM PLATING SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES

The promulgated BPT wastewater discharge rate for  tin  hydroxide
supernatant  from  plating solutions and sludges is 115,000 1/kkg
(17,600 gal/ton) of tin metal recovered  from  plating  solutions
and  sludges.   This  rate  is allocated only to those facilities
which  recover  tin  from  plating  solutions  and   sludges   by
precipitation of tin hydroxide.

One  facility  reports  this  practice.  Water use and wastewater
discharge  rates  are  presented in Table V-8  (page  4070).  The
Agency  decided to  combine  two  proposed  subdivisions into one
subdivision for promulgation.   Tin  hydroxide  supernatant  from
spent   plating solutions  has  been combined with tin  hydroxide


                               4244

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


supernatant  from  sludge  solids  to  form   this   subdivision.
This   change  will simplify  the regulation, but will not  cause
the limitations with which any plant must comply to  change.   At
proposal,   a  plant generating  both  wastewater  from   plating
solutions   and   from sludges would  have  calculated   separate
mg/kg   limits   for  each operation  and  summed  them   for   a
plant limitation.  For plant 1036, the only facility  discharging
both  streams,  the  promulgated  mg/kg  limitations  for   these
operations will be identical  to  the proposed limitations.

TIN HYDROXIDE FILTRATE

The  BPT  wastewater  discharge rate proposed and promulgated for
tin hydroxide filtrate is 25,044 1/kkg  (6,011  gal/ton)  of  tin
metal  produced.   This  rate  is allocated only for those plants
which  dewater  tin  hydroxide  slurries   from   tin   hydroxide
precipitation  operations  in a filter press.  There is currently
only one plant which  reported  this  practice.   Water  use  and
discharge  rates are presented in Table V-9 (page 4070). The  BPT
wastewater  discharge  rate  for tin hydroxide filtrate is  based
on  the  value  reported  by the  one  facility  which  currently
generates this waste stream.

REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS

The raw wastewater concentrations from individual operations  and
the  subcategory  as  a  whole  were  examined  to select certain
pollutant  parameters  for  limitation.   This   examination   is
presented  in Sections VI and X.

A  total of eight pollutants or pollutant parameters are selected
for limitation  under  BPT  and are listed below:

115. arsenic
121. cyanide
122. lead
     iron
     tin
     fluoride
     TSS
     pH

Because  of  the nature of the wastewaters in  this  subcategory,
secondary  tin  plants which only smelt concentrates will not  be
regulated for cyanide or fluoride.   Other secondary tin  plants,
those which do not smelt concentrates,   will not be regulated for
iron or arsenic.

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The  treatable  concentrations  achievable  by application of the
promulgated  BPT are discussed  in  Section  VII  of  Vol. I  and
summarized   there  in  Table VII-21 (page 248). These  treatable
concentrations  (both  one  day  maximum  and   monthly   average
values)    are  multiplied by the BPT normalized  discharge  flows


                               4245

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
summarized  in  Table  IX-1 (page 4247)  to  calculate  the  mass
of  pollutants  allowed  to  be  discharged per mass of  product.
The results of these calculations  in  milligrams  of   pollutant
per kilogram  of  product  represent the BPT effluent limitations
and are presented in Table IX-2 (page 4248 ) for each  individual
waste stream.
                               4246

-------
                                              Table IX-1

                   BPT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE RATES FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
*>
K)
      Wastewater Stream

Tin smelter S02 scrubber

Dealuminizing rinse

Tin mud acid neutralization
  filtrate

Tin hydroxide wash

Spent electrowinning solution
  from new scrap

Spent electrowinning solution
  from municipal solid waste

Tin hydroxide supernatant from
  scrap

Tin hydroxide supernatant from
  plating solutions and sludges
                                           BPT Normalized
                                           Discharge Rate
                                          1/kkg      gal/ton
                                           9,198       2,204

                                              35           9

                                           5,047       1,210
 11,953

 16,800


    119


 55,640


115,000
 2,869

 4,029


    29


13,354


27,600
Production Normalizing
	Parameter	

Crude tapped tin produced

Dealuminized scrap produced

Neutralized, dewatered tin mud
  produced

Tin hydroxide washed

Cathode tin produced
                                                                 MSW scrap used as a raw
                                                                   material

                                                                 Tin metal recovered from scrap
                                                                 Tin metal recovered from plat-
                                                                   ing solutions and sludges
                                                          en
                                                          w
                                                          o
                                                          o
                                                          §
H
S5
C/3
G
03
O
s
W
O
o
                                  M
                                  O
      Tin hydroxide filtrate
                                    25,044
              6,011
           Tin metal produced

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX



                           TABLE IX-2

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
         Smelter SO 2 Scrubber  BPT

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

       mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of crude tapped tin produced
Antimony
*Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
26.400
19.220
3.127
4.047
17.480
3.863
17.660
11.310
3.771
18.860
13.430
59.140
51.050
16.920
11.040
6.255
3.495
377.100
the range of 7.5 to 10.0
11.770
8.554
1.380
1.656
9.198
1.840
11.680
5.059
1.564
8.370
5.611
29.430
23.360
7.726
5.611
2.667
2.024
179.400
at all times
^Regulated Pollutant
                               4248

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY



(b) Dealuminizing Rinse  BPT

PollutantorMaximum forMaximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

      mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of dealuminized scrap produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Pluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within the
0.100
0.073
0.012
0.015
0.067
0.010
0.015
0.067
0.043
0.014
0.072
0.051
0.225
0.194
0.064
1.225
0.042
0.024
0.013
1.435
range of 7.5
0.045
0.033
0.005
0,006
0.035
0.004
0.007
0.045
0.019
0.006
0.032
0.021
0.112
0.089
0.029
0.697
0.021
0.010
0.008
0.683
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4249

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCAT1GORY
                  SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY



(c) Tin Mud Acid Neutralization Filtrate  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
             mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of neutralized,
                   dewatered tin mud produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
14.480
10.550
1.716
2.221
9.589
1.464
2.120
9.690
6.208
2.069
10.350
7.369
32.450
28.010
9.286
176.600
6.056
3.432
1.918
206.900
Within the range of 7.5
6.460
4.694
.757
.908
5.047
.606
1.009
6.410
2.776
.858
4.593
3.079
16.150
12.820
4.239
100.400
3.079
1.464
1.110
98.420
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4250

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
                  SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY



(d) Tin Hydroxide Wash  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
         mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of tin hydroxide washed
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Coppe r
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
34.310
24.980
4.064
5.259
22.710
3.466
5.020
22.950
14.700
4.901
24.500
17.450
76.860
66.340
21.990
418.400
14.340
8.128
4.542
490.100
Within the range of 7 . 5
15.300
11.120
1.793
2.152
11.950
1.434
2.391
15.180
6.574
2.032
10.880
7.291
38.250
30.360
10.040
237.900
7.291
3.466
2.630
233.100
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4251

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY



(e) Spent Electrowinning Solution from New Scrap  BPT

Pollutant or           Maximum for     Maximum for
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

         rag/kg (Ib/million Ibsj ofcathode tin produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Pluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
48.220
35.110
5.712
7.392
31.920
4.872
7.056
32.260
20.660
6.888
34.440
24.530
108.000
93.240
30.910
588.000
20.160
11.420
6.384
688.800
the range of 7.5
21.500
15.620
2.520
3.024
16.800
2.016
3.360
21.340
9.240
2.856
15.290
10.250
53.760
42.670
14.110
334.300
10.250
4.872
3.696
327.600
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4252

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGQRY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY
  )  Spent ELectrowinning Solutions from
    Municipal Solid Waste  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
               mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of MSW scrap
                   "  used as a raw material
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
0.342
0.249
0.041
0.052
0.226
0,035
0.050
0.228
0.146
0.049
0.244
0.174
0.765
0.660
0.219
4.165
0.143
0.081
0.045
4.879
the range of 7.5
0.152
0.111
0.018
0.021
0.119
0.014
0.024
0.151
0.066
0.020
0.108
0.073
0.381
0.302
0.100
2.368
0.073
0.035
0.026
2.321
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4253

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY
                          SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2  (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN !SUBCATEGORY
(g) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from Scrap  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
        Maximum for
        any one day
  Maximum for
  monthly average
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
 Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
 Nickel
 Selenium
 Silver
 Thallium
 Zinc
 Aluminum
 Barium
 Boron
*Fluoride
 Iron
 Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
               mg/kg (Ib/million Ibs) of tin metal
                      recovered from scrap
            159.700
            116.300
             18.920
             24.480
            105.700
             16.140
             23.370
            106.800
             68.440
             22.810
            114.100
             81.230
            357.800
            308.800
            102.400
          1,947.000
             66.770
             37.840
             21.140
          2,281.000
Within the range of 7
           71.220
           51.750
            8.346
           10.020
           55.640
            6.677
           11.130
           70.660
           30.600
            9.459
           50.630
           33.940
          178.000
          141.300
           46.740
        1,107.000
           33.940
           16.140
           12.240
        1,085.000
5 to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4254

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX


                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SDBCATEGORY
(h) Tin Hydroxide Supernatant from
    Plating Solutions and Sludges  BPT

Pollutant orMaximum forMaximumfor
pollutant property     any one day     monthly average

               mg/kg (Ib/million IDS) of tin metal
          recovered f.rom plating solutions and sludges
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH Within
330.100
240.400
39.100
50.600
218.500
33.350
48.300
220.800
141.500
47.150
235.800
167.900
739.500
638.300
211.600
4,025.000
138.000
78.200
43.700
4,715.000
the range of 7.5
147.200
107.000
17.250
20.700
115.000
13.800
23.000
146.100
63.250
19.550
104.700
70.150
368.000
292.100
96.600
2,289.000
70.150
33.350
25.300
2,243.000
to 10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4255

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGQRY
                  SECT - IX
                     TABLE IX-2 (Continued)

     BPT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY



(i) Tin Hydroxide Filtrate  BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
          mg/kg(Ib/million Ibs)of tin metal produced
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
*Pluoride
Iron
Manganese
*Tin
*TSS
*pH
71.880
52.340
8.515
11.020
47.580
7.263
10.520
48.080
30.800
10.270
51.340
36.560
161.000
139.000
46.080
876.500
30.050
17.030
9.517
1,027.000
Within the range of 7.5 to
32.060
23.290
3.757
4.508
25.040
3.005
5.009
31.810
13.770
4.257
22.790
15.280
80.140
63.610
21.040
498.400
15.280
7.263
5.510
488.400
10.0 at all times
*Regulated Pollutant
                               4256

-------
Ul
             Tin Hydroxide Supernatant  from Plating

              Solutions ana Sludged
             Ut*aiui9inlxing Rinse
             Tin Hud Ac til Jteut raJ izat Ion Filtrate
             Spent Electrouinnlng Solution tin*

             H»u Si!rap
             Spent Electrowinolng Solution froin

             Hunictpal Solid Waste
Tin Hydroxide Supetnaunt  tron Scrap




Tin llyurunidg FUtmtt	
                                                               Chealcai

                                                               Addition
                                                                                                                                        UldcturKC
                                                                                                                                                                        w
                                                                                                                                                                        o
                                                                                                                                                                        o
Cfl

§
o

s
w
Q
O
                                                                                                                                                                        tfl
                                                                                                                                                                        o
                                                                               Figure  IX-1



                                                             BPT  TREATMENT  SCHEME  FOE OPTION A

-------
SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY   SECT - IX
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
                  4258

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SOBCATEGORY    SECT - X




                            SECTION X

        BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
These  effluent  limitations are  based on the best  control  and
treatment  technology used by a specific  point   source   within
the   industrial   category   or subcategory,   or   by   another
industry   where   it  is  readily transferable.    Emphasis   is
placed   on   additional   treatment techniques  applied  at  the
end of the treatment systems currently used, as well as reduction
of   the   amount  of  water  used   and  discharged,     process
control, and treatment technology optimization.

The factors considered in  assessing  best  available  technology
economically  achievable  (BAT)  include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process used, process changes,  nonwater
quality  environmental  impacts  (including energy requirements),
and   the   costs  of  application  of  such   technology  At   a
minimum  BAT technology represents the best available  technology
at  plants   of  various  ages,   sizes,   processes,   or  other
characteristics.   BAT  may  be  transferred  from  a   different
subcategory   or   category and may  include   feasible   process
changes  or  internal  controls, even when not in common industry
practice.

The statutory assessment of BAT considers  costs,  but  does  not
require  a balancing of costs against effluent reduction benefits
However,  in  assessing  the  proposed  and  promulgated BAT, the
Agency has given substantial weight to the economic achievability
of the selected technology.

TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT

The Agency reviewed  a  wide  range  of  technology  options  and
evaluated  the  available  possibilities  to ensure that the most
effective and beneficial technologies were used as the  basis  of
BAT.   To  accomplish  this,  the  Agency  elected to examine two
technology  options which could be  applied  to   the   secondary
tin   subcategory  as  treatment  options for the  basis  of  BAT
effluent limitations.

For the development of BAT effluent  limitations,  mass  loadings
were  calculated for each wastewater source or subdivision in the
subcategory using the same technical  approach  as  described  in
Section  IX  for BPT limitations development.  The differences in
the mass loadings for BPT and BAT are due to increased  treatment
effectiveness   achievable   with   the  more  sophisticated  BAT
treatment technology.

In summary the treatment  technologies  considered  for  BAT  are
presented below:
                               4259

-------
             SECONDARY TIN SUBCATEGORY    SECT - X


Option A (Figure X-l, page 4279) is based on

o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation

Option C (Figure X-2, page 4280) is based on

o Preliminary treatment with cyanide precipitation
o Chemical precipitation and sedimentation
o Multimedia filtration

The  two options examined for BAT are discussed in greater detail
below.  The first option  considered  is  the  same  as  the  BPT
treatment  which  was  presented  in  the  previous section.  The
latter  option  represents  substantial   progress   toward   the
prevention  of  polluting  the  environment  above and beyond the
progress achievable by BPT.

OPTION A

Option  A  for  the  secondary  tin  subcategory   is  equivalent
to   the  control and treatment technologies which were  analyzed
for  BPT in Section IX.   The BPT end-of-pipe   treatment  scheme
includes  chemical  precipitation and sedimentation, wit