UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WSG 117A
Date Signed: December 29, 1998
The Data Sharing Committee's
Recommendations for Lead and
Copper Rule Violation Reporting
FINAL
December 29, 1998
Prepared for the
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
by the
Data Sharing Committee
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
I. INTRODUCTION 4
A. Background 4
B. Purpose and Goal 4
C. Protocol for Making Data Sharing Decisions 5
11. DATA SHARING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE LCR VIOLATION DATA 6
A. Discussion Highlights 6
B. Background 6
C. Recommendation 7
D. Cost of Including this Information 16
E. State and Regional Comments on Final Draft 16
III. IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES 15
A. Programmatic and Organizational Issues Associated With Implementation 17
B. Technical Issues 17
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report represents the DSC's analysis of the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) especially as it pertains to violation
reporting requirements for the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED). In preparing this report, the goal
of the DSC was to review and analyze the EPA data needs for the LCR, to work in collaboration with the LCR Work
Group on reporting issues related to regulatory changes, and to make recommendations regarding other non-regulatory
changes in reporting requirements to the Director of the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
Data Sharing Recommendation
The previously described protocol for making data sharing decisions (December, 1995) was followed to arrive at these
recommendations. The changes to requirements being recommended in this document were arrived at after lengthy
discussion about shortcomings and inconsistencies in the way data are currently reported and the-justified need for these
data. The committee focused on five major reporting issues, the first four of which were passed on to the LCR Work
Group for their consideration and incorporation into the Notice of Data Availability (NOD A) and proposed rule changes.
The fifth issue, violation reporting, did not require a change to the regulations and was therefore not included in the
NODA or proposed rule changes. This report therefore discusses only the DSC's recommendations regarding LCR
violation reporting.
The DSC is recommending that the following changes be made to the LCR violation reporting requirements:
That the number of individually reported violation types be reduced from the current 15 to 10 (i.e., that some of the
currently individually reported violations be consolidated for SDWIS/FED reporting). (See Page 3 for more detail)
General Implementation Recommendation.
In order to implement any new reporting requirements, a sufficient amount of time must be provided to primacy agencies
for planning, budgeting, and implementing. The most time consuming and costly activity that must be performed is the
reprogramming of State data systems to manage and transfer the required data in SD WIS data transfer file (DTP) format.
In the past, 18 months were provided for this activity. The DSC recommends that States begin reporting under the new
requirements in the quarter after the SDWIS update software is modified, but no, later than 18 months after the publishing
and effective date for these recommendations, including the publishing of technical documentation. In addition, since
most of these recommended changes will actually be preferred by many States, modification to SDWIS/FED should be
made as soon as possible to allow for the new reporting so that States are not required to report under the existing
requirements for any longer than is necessary. Until the time that these new requirements become effective as described
above, the current reporting requirements will remain in effect.
Through this report, the DSC is recommending to make changes to the current LCR reporting requirements which will
simplify the requirements and will not significantly change the reporting burden on States. The DSC believes that on
balance, the understanding of LCR violation reporting should be improved and therefore the data quality improved since
the requirements are being simplified. The burden associated with this reporting however will not change significantly by
this recommended change in reporting since the number of violations that must be determined and reported does not
necessarily change.
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
The LCR is undoubtedly the most complex drinking water regulation promulgated to date. With 11 milestones, 15
violation types, and 90th percentile data, its reporting requirements are also complex. The Data Sharing Committee
analyzed the current reporting requirements for the LCR following the protocol previously documented (December, 1995
Protocol for Making Data Sharing Decisions). This report represents the DSC's recommendations on LCR violation
reporting. (The DSC continues to work with the LCR Workgroup on reporting requirements that required changes to the
regulation, such as milestone data.)
Since all violations must be reported to EPA (CFR § 142.15), the DSC focused on the questions of how these violations
are defined, how they can be grouped together for reporting purposes, and how they can be reported to SDWIS/FED.
Recommendations on other activities such as data verifications and quarterly data submission checking are also presented.
It is the firm belief of the DSC that by simplifying the LCR reporting requirements, the Regions and States will better
understand what is to be reported which will in turn increase the likelihood that complete and accurate data are reported to
SDWIS/FE1D. The overall burden of reporting should also decrease which in turn will increase the possibility of meeting
the requirements of a reduced core data set. The ultimate result should be improved quality of data that are the most
focused and useful to EPA to support LCR implementation oversight and to measure improvement at reducing lead
exposure and improving the safety of public water systems.
The LCR, which was promulgated on June 7, 1991, established treatment technique requirements when lead and/or copper
exceed certain levels referred to as action levels. An exceedance occurs when more than 10 percent of the tap water
samples collected are greater than the action level of 0. 0 15 parts per million (ppm) for lead or 1. 3 ppm for copper.
Unlike other drinking water regulations, exceeding the lead and/or copper action level is not a violation. Instead, this
exceedance triggers one or more of the following treatment technique (TT) requirements: public education, corrosion
control treatment, source water treatment, and lead service line replacement.
Lead and copper results are expressed as 90th percentile levels. For a system collecting 10 samples, this would be the 9th
highest lead or copper sample result obtained during a monitoring, period. The LCR reporting requirements are based
primarily on reporting information about various milestones associated with the LCR and violations of LCR requirements.
On April 12, 1996, the EPA proposed changes to the LCR (61 FR 16348, April 12, 1996 including changes to State
reporting requirements. The DSC considered these proposed changes and worked with the LCR Workgroup during their
deliberations on reporting requirements. Those data that were specifically mentioned in the regulations (e.g., milestone
data) and that require a change to the regulation to implement were deferred to the LCR Workgroup. (This prevented any
major duplication of effort since procedures were already in place via the rule development process to ensure that
stakeholder involvement was obtained.)
B. Purpose and Goal
This report is a somewhat scaled down version of the DSC's September 26, 1997 recommendation report on the LCR and
focuses exclusively on violation data. The original report served two purposes; one, to provide input to the LCR
Workgroup as they considered changes to the regulation, and two, to identify any other problems with the LCR reporting
requirements that could be corrected through the data sharing process and through the issuance of guidance. In preparing
this report, the goal of the DSC was to review and analyze the EPA data needs for LCR violation data and to make
recommendations on changes to the LCR reporting requirements to the Director of the Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water.
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C. Protocol for Making Data Sharing Decisions.
The DSC is composed of EPA Headquarters and Regional representatives and State representatives (see text box). The
protocol that was followed for making data sharing decisions involved the DSC developing a recommended set of data
elements or changes to current reporting requirements or practices after comment and review opportunities by
stakeholders and other interested parties; review by the ASDWA/EPA Data Management Steering Committee; review by
all States; review by the SDWIS Executive Steering Committee; and, finally', transmittal to the Director of the OGWDW
for decision-making and distribution as official reporting requirements or data sharing goals.
PWSS Data Sharing Committee Members as of February, 1998
Carol Amend, Region 3, Chair
Tom Poleck, Region 5
Harriet Colbert, OGWDW
Roger Anzzolin, OGWDW
Andy Hudock, OECA/ORE
Bill Davis, Region 6
Doug Mandy, Minnesota
Mary Alvey, Oregon
Evans Massie, Virginia
Cliff Bow en, California
Mark Rasso, Region 2
Andrew Bartlett, Region 4
Other Participants*
Jan Auerbach, OGWDW
Glen Kedzie, OECA
Betsy Devlin, OECA
Larry Weiner, OGWDW
Abe Siegel, OGWDW
Fran Haertel, Region 6
Judy Lebowich, OGWDW
Barry Green aw aid, Pennsylvania
(former DSC member)
Vanessa Leiby/Max Kukoy, ASDWA
ASDWA/EPA Data Management
Steering Committee
*Other participants were involved during meetings, conference calls, or through written comments. Our apologies to those
that we may have omitted from this list.
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11. DATA SHARING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE LCR VIOLATION DATA
A. Discussion Highlights.
The initial efforts of the DSC focused on the current reporting requirements and what changes should be made to improve
the meaning of the data, the use of the data, the quality of the data, and the ease of reporting. Subsequent discussions
focused on the justification and cost of reporting/collecting the data, and the overall burden on States to meet any new
requirements. When deciding which SDWIS attributes to recommend for inclusion in the Core Data Set, the Data Sharing
Committee took the approach that no data should be reported unless EPA has a specific use or need for the data that
justifies the cost of States reporting the data. If data are not particularly useful, or if they are very expensive to report
compared to their usefulness, the committee would not recommend they be included in the Core Data Set.
In addition, an overarching goal that also influenced the final recommendation, was the desire to obtain high-quality data.
Setting overly ambitious and burdensome reporting requirements on States was viewed as counter-productive to this data
quality goal.
The complexity of the current LCR reporting requirements has resulted in a decrease in data quality in SDWIS/FED. As
the committee has discussed in previous reports, there appears to be an inverse relationship between how complex (and
therefore the amount of data and difficulty to understand) reporting requirement are with the quality of data that are
reported (or possibly not reported if a State is not aware of what the reporting requirements are). The following
recommendations therefore have an inclination toward simplification, although this cannot be at the expense of being able
to understand and present the implementation and compliance status of the LCR nationally.
Public access and inquiries from many groups to drinking water data are also increasing. There is an increasing need for
EPA to be able to answer at least the fundamental questions and present the basic status of the LCR nationally. The fact
that LCR data are now available through EPA's Envirofacts database on the World Wide Web makes the data quality and
interpretation concerns even more important to resolve.
The last issue discussed by the committee pertained to the complexity and number of violations that are currently required
to be reported. The committee felt that, like the milestone reporting, the amount of data and the variability of the
significance of the data leads to confusion and inconsistent and inaccurate data in SDWIS/FED. Changes to the way that
violation data are reported to SDWIS/FED do not require a change to the regulations and therefore can be implemented
through guidance. The committee therefore is recommending that the violation reporting be simplified to allow EPA to
focus on the most significant violations and to ease the burden of reporting this information to SDWIS/FED. In addition,
the changes being proposed through the regulatory process for how water quality parameter (WQP) violations are
determined had an impact on the recommendation to consolidate the WQP treatment technique violations (Types 59 and
60) into a single type.
B. Background
The reporting by States of violation information is already highly justified (i.e., it is required under the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SOWA) and in the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR), it supports the primary
enforcement functions of the EPA, and it is needed in lieu of milestone reporting). The existing SDWIS/FED LCR
violation types are summarized below:
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SDWIS Violation
Type Code
51*
52
53
54
55
56
57
58*
59
60
61
62*
63
64
65*
Description
Initial Lead and Copper Tap MIR.
Follow -Up or Routine Lead/Copper Tap M/R
Initial Water Quality Parameter M/R
Follow-up or Routine Entry Point Water Quality Parameter M/R
Follow-up or Routine Tap Water Quality Parameter M/R
Initial, Follow-up or Routine Source Water M/R
Optimal Corrosion Control Study
Optimal Corrosion Control Installation
Water Quality Parameter Entry Point Noncompliance
Water Quality Parameter Tap Noncompliance
Source Water Treatment Recommendation
Source Water Treatment Installation
Maximum Permissible Level Noncompliance
Lead Service Line Replacement
Public Education
*Can currently lead to SNC status
Fifteen violation types are significantly more than must be reported for any other regulation. The number of violations
along with the significant other reporting under the LCR leads to a level of complexity that hampers correct and complete
reporting. During the DSC's discussions on this issue, several scenarios for how violation reporting could be simplified
were considered. The following is the DSC's recommendation and alternative options that were also considered.
Four violation types, namely #51, 58, 62, and 65 currently can lead to a system being classified as a significant
noncomplier (SNC). When the initial reporting guidance was developed, these four violations were judged as the most
significant from an enforcement prioritization and targeting standpoint.
C. Recommendation
The following option is recommended by the Data Sharing Committee:
Recommended Option: Consolidate violations into fewer types
The DSC believes that a certain amount of violation consolidation is possible without hampering the primary EPA uses of
this information of compliance tracking and enforcement targeting. As an example, violation types 53, 54 and 55 could be
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combined into one " water quality parameter monitoring" violation type, although the reporting format of differing
monitoring periods would need to be solved. These technical reporting problems would be solved during the development
of the reporting guidance that would be provided as part of making these official changes to the LCR reporting
requirements.
The table below shows the specific violation type recommendations being made by the DSC.
Violation Type
Code:
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Description
Initial Lead and Copper
Tap M/R
Follow-Up or Routine
Lead/Copper Tap M/R
Initial Water Quality
Parameter M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Entry Point Water
Quality Parameter M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Tap Water Quality
Parameter M/R
Initial, Follow-up or
Routine Source Water
M/R
Optimal Corrosion
Control Study /
Recommendation
Optimal Corrosion
Control Installation
Demonstration
Water Quality Parameter
Entry Point
Noncompliance
Water Quality Parameter
Tap Noncompliance
Data Sharing Committee Recommendation
Leave as is. Most systems have already done initial
monitoring. These violations will only be reported for new
system or systems in continued noncompliance. To
maintain consistency in the data base keep these as is.
Leave as is.
Combine with 54 and 55 violations to have one Water
Quality Parameter Monitoring violation type. Most systems
already should have done initial monitoring but very few
violations are in the database. If we change the code,
changing them will not be much of a .burden.
Combine with 53 and 55 to have one Water Quality
Parameter Monitoring violation type.
Combine with 53 and 54 have one Water Quality Parameter
Monitoring violation type.
Leave as is.
Combine with 61 for one "Study/Recommendation" type
violation. There was no need expressed to report these
violations separately.
Combine with 62 for one "Installation" type violation.
There was no need expressed to report these violations
separately.
Combine with 60 for one WQP TT violation type.
Combine with 59 for one WQP TT violation type.
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Violation Type
Code:
61
62
63
64
65
Description
Source Water Treatment
Recommendation
Source Water Treatment
Installation
Maximum Permissible
Level Noncompliance
Lead Service Line
Public Education
Data Sharing Committee Recommendation
Combine with 57 for one "study" type violation. There was
no need expressed to report these violations separately.
Combine with 58 for one "Installation" type violation.
There was no need expressed to report these violations
separately.
Leave as is. There was some discussion of combining this
with 59 and. 60 violations but the longer compliance period
here would bury the more critical 59 violations.
Leave as is.
Leave as is.
The following table shows the results of the consolidation discussed above. The original 15 violation
types are reduced to 10.
Current
Violation Type
Codes
51
52
53, 54, & 55
56
57 & 61
58 &62
59 & 60
63
Description
Initial Lead and Copper
Tap M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Lead/Copper Tap M/R
Initial, Follow-up, or
Routine WQP M/R
Initial, Follow-up, or
Routine Source Water
M/R
Study /
Recommendation
Violation
Installation
Demonstration
Violation
WQP Noncompliance
MPL Noncompliance
Comments
No change.
No change.
Combination of violation types 53, 54, and 55.
No change.
ForOCCT or SOWT.
ForOCCT or SOWT.
Combination of violation types 59 & 60.
No change.
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Current
Violation Type
Codes
64
Pros
Description
Lead Service Line
Replacement
Comments
No change.
Some States have expressed a need or desire to report fewer violation codes. Consolidating violation
types may alleviate the burden for some states to maintain and. report the more detailed violation
types.
It would reduce the number of violation codes and in so doing, make queries pertaining to the LCR
violations less difficult to write and less complicated.
EPA has a responsibility to learn of violations from State primacy agencies and to assess the
appropriateness of State responses to all violations. Consolidating violations could still provide the
information the agency needs because all violations would still be reported only in a consolidated
format.
Consolidated violation reporting would be consistent with the reporting done under the Surface
Water Treatment Rule where all monitoring and treatment technique violations are consolidated into
single types.
Cons
Some States may have to modify their data reporting systems if we change the existing codes.
Differing monitoring periods could make SNC determinations more difficult, or at the least may
require a modification to the SNC definitions. Changing this reporting would cause a problem with
using and understanding historical data (i.e., data reported using the original codes).
The following alternative options were also considered by the committe. They are being I presented
below for discussion purposes and to be considered during any review of this document,
Alternative Option 1; Status Quo; leave the violation reporting as is.
This option would leave the 15 violations codes (from 51 through 65) intact as required SDWIS/FED
reporting requirements. The existing violation codes are shown in the background material above.
Pros
Leaving the codes as they now are would keep the violation data in the database consistent..
Historical information could be analyzed along with new information without special efforts to
interpret the data.
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More detailed analysis of compliance oversight could be conducted.
States would not have to modify their data systems if they had already done so to meet the current
requirements.
Cons
Some States have expressed a need or desire to report fewer violation codes. The existing 15 codes
are more detailed than the reporting requirements for any other rule.
The existing number of violation codes is so large (15) that many queries pertaining to the LCR
violations will be difficult and complicated to write and understand.
Alternative Option 2: Similar to the recommended version but with one less consolidation.
This option is similar to the recommended option, but does not consolidate the WQP noncompliance
violations (Types 59& 60). The following table shows the results of this consolidation. The original
15 violation types are reduced to 11.
Current
Violation Type
Codes
51
52
53, 54, & 5.5
56
57 & 61
58 &62
59
60
63
Description
Initial Lead and Copper
Tap M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Lead/Copper Tap M/R
Initial, Follow-up, or
Routine WQP M/R
Initial, Follow-up, or
Routine Source Water
M/R
Study / Recommendation
Violation
Installation
Demonstration Violation
WQP Entry Point
Noncompliance
WQP Tap
Noncompliance
MPL Noncompliance
Comments
No change.
No change.
Combination of violation types 53, 54, and 55.
No change.
ForOCCT or SOWT.
ForOCCT or SOWT.
No change.
No change.
No change.
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Current
Violation Type
Codes
64
65
Description
Lead Service Line
Replacement
Public Education
Comments
No change.
No change.
Pros
Basically the same as for the recommended option (see above).
Gaining some more detail, but since neither of these violation types lead to SNC status, not gaining
much from a SNC tracking perspective. Will gain a more detailed understanding of the WQP TT
violations that occur.
Cons
Basically the same as for the recommended option (see above).
Not as simplified. May make reporting slightly more burdensome.
Alternative Option 3:
Report fewer violation types
This option may not be viable since according to the Safe Drinking Water Act and the National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations, all violations are to be reported to EPA. Reporting fewer
violation types would mean identifying, particular violations under the LCR that the EPA would
require information about. As an example, under the LCR, public water systems are required to
submit a site sampling plan to primacy agency and have it approved. If the PWS does not submit a
plan, it is in violation. Under the 15 existing codes, this violation is to be reported as a Type 51
violation (Initial M/R) although some States may not consider the failure to submit a sampling plan a
51 violation. Some states do not accept initial LCR tap sampling results if the site sampling plan is
not in place so the PWS would eventually receive a 51 violation. A distinctive site sampling plan
violation is not currently reported. This same logic could be applied to other violations where only
the most significant ones would then be reported.
Having said that, it would be possible to reduce the number of reported violation types further, but
still account for all of the possible violations under the rule. As an example, the following table
shows a more extreme consolidation of violation types, focusing on a couple of different types of
monitoring violations and capturing all others with a generic treatment technique and M/R violation
types. Another slight variation of this approach would be to leave the Type 65 (Public Education)
violation as a separate violation due to its unique characteristics and the fact that it can currently
lead to SNC status.
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Violation Type
Code
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Description
Initial Lead and Copper
Tap M/R
Follow-Up or Routine
Lead/Copper Tap M/R
Initial Water Quality
Parameter M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Entry Point Water
Quality Parameter M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Tap Water Quality
Parameter M/R
Initial, Follow-up or
Routine Source Water
M/R
Optimal Corrosion
Control Study /
Recommendation
Optimal Corrosion
Control Installation
Demonstration
Water Quality Parameter
Entry Point
Noncompliance
Water Quality Parameter
Tap Noncompliance
Source Water Treatment
Recommendation
Source Water Treatment
Installation
Data Sharing Committee Recommendation
Leave as is. Most systems have already done
initial monitoring. These violations will only be
reported for new system or systems in continued
noncompliance. To maintain consistency in the
data base keep these as is.
Leave as is.
Combine with 54 and 55 violations to have one
Water Quality Parameter Monitoring violation
type. Most systems already should have done
initial monitoring but very few violations are in
the database. If we change the code, changing
them will not be much of a burden.
Combine with 53 and 55 to have one Water
Quality Parameter Monitoring violation type.
Combine with 53 and 54 have one Water Quality
Parameter Monitoring violation type.
Leave as is.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
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Violation Type
Code
63
64
65
Description
Maximum Permissible
Level Noncompliance
Lead Service Line
Replacement
Public Education
Data Sharing Committee Recommendation
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
Combine into one generic LCR TT violation type.
The following table shows the results of the consolidation discussed above. The original 15 violation
types are reduced to 5.
Current
Violation Type
Codes
51
52
53, 54, & 55
56
57 through 65
Description
Initial Lead and Copper
Tap M/R
Follow-up or Routine
Lead/Copper Tap M/R
Initial, Follow-up, or
Routine WQP M/R
Initial, Follow-up, or
Routine Source Water
M/R
Lead and Copper Rule
TT Violation
Comments
No change.
No change.
Combination of violation types 53, 54, and 55.
No change.
Combination of violation types 57 through 65.
Pros
The rule is complex and some violations are more important than others.
Reporting fewer violation types would help to focus on the most significant violations.
Fewer violation types to report would presumably save State resources in some instances.
Fewer violation types could be more meaningful since several related requirements are not grouped
together as a single violation type (e.g., failure to conduct initial monitoring would mean just that
instead of perhaps failure to submit a sampling plan).
Training staff on less complicated reporting requirements would be easier; the more violation types,
the more complicated the training.
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May lead to improved data quality since the reporting would be less complex and moire
understandable.
Cons
EPA has a responsibility to learn of violations from State primacy agencies and to assess the
appropriateness of State responses to all Violations. The agency tries to define the most significant
violations, which require formal enforcement responses due to continued noncompliance or due to a
large single event deviation from the requirement.. Even a less important violation like that described
above would become important if it continued long enough. Without every type of violation being
reported either by itself or consolidated with others, the agency may not become aware of some
significant situations and would not be meeting the requirements of the SDWA.
The reconciliation of historically reported violations according to the original guidance with this
more condensed format may not be possible or at a minimum may be confusing.
Some States may have to modify their data reporting systems if we change the existing structures.
By consolidating in this extreme manner, specificity is lost and it becomes more difficult to get a
picture of what problems the water systems are having. The addition of the major/minor flag as a
reporting requirement for these consolidated TT violation types could help distinguish between the
truly serious violations and the minor ones.
Alternative Option 4: Report more violation types
Although the current reporting requirements require more violation types under the LCR than under
any other rule (15), the rule is complex and could easily be broken into more types. To use a prior
example, the requirement to submit a site sampling plan could be reported as a specific violation
type.
Pros
EPA has a responsibility to learn of violations from State primacy agencies and to assess the
appropriateness of State responses to all violations. Violation information could more completely be
assessed by the Agency if more violation types were reported.
Eliminates any redundancy or ambiguity in the way violations are reported since separate types are
identified for every possible violation.
Cons
Some States have expressed a need to report fewer violation codes. The existing
15 codes are more detailed than the reporting requirements for any other rule.
Adding more codes only makes this worse.
The existing number of violation codes is so large (15) that many queries pertaining to the LCR
violations will be difficult to write and complicated. Defining more violation codes would make the
problem worse.
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States have problems with training staff on these requirements. The more violation types, the more
complicated the training
D. Cost of Including this Information
The recommended changes fall within the current format and reporting to SDWIS/FED. The
consolidation of violation codes would require minor changes to the SDWIS/FED edit/update
processing software. It is not expected that the recommended change would cause a significant
increase in reporting burden.
E. State and Regional Comments on Final Draft
The Final Draft (dated October 29, 1998) of this recommendation report was sent out to the ASDWA
membership and to the Regions for comment. Five states commented on the proposed
recommendations; Texas, Missouri, Wisconsin, Maryland and West Virginia. Three states, Texas,
Missouri, and West Virginia agree with the DSC recommended consolidation of violation reporting.
Maryland and Wisconsin both prefer Alternative Option 2 which is, different from the DSC
recommendation in that it does not consolidate violation types 59 and 60. Maryland's comment is:
"Maryland does not agree with combining violation types 59 and 60 since point-of-entry WQP
testing and distribution/tap WQP testing follow two different schedules. It would be easier for States
to track these violations separately, and will help avoid confusion."
DSC Response: As with several of the other situations where violation types were consolidated for
purposes of reporting to EPA, the States will need to track the individual violation types as per the
LCR. This recommendation is not suggesting that States necessarily change the way they are
currently tracking compliance with the LCR, but only in the way the information is forwarded to
EPA. In addition, changes being made through the technical rule fixes will make the tracking and
reporting of all water quality parameter violations more consistent with the DSC's recommended
option. The DSC therefore prefers the recommended option and is hopeful that the details behind the
actual reporting of these violations will be satisfactorily described in the revised reporting guidance
that will follow.
III. IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
There are several programmatic and technical issues that were considered during the data sharing
decision making process and that influenced the final recommendation. The more significant issues
are summarized below.
A. Programmatic and Organizational Issues Associated With Implementation
One issue that influenced the recommendations made in this report was the need to track systems in
significant non-compliance. Most of the data reported under the LCR is compliance related and used
by EPA to track the compliance status and to prioritize and target enforcement/compliance assurance
activities.
The EPA initiatives to reduce the reporting burden on States and to reduce reporting frequency by
50% also played a role in the recommendations made in this report. This issue was reinforced by the
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SDWIS ESC in their directive to the DSC to analyze the cost to the States of any new reporting
requirements. Although cost was considered in developing the recommendations in this report,
justification of the data need and benefits of reporting and the fact that violation reporting is required
under the SDWA was an equal, if not greater, determining factor. In addition, it was agreed that
improving the quality and meaningfulness of the data would increase the positive aspects of
reporting and decrease the negative aspects. Some of the cost associated with these recommended
changes can be thought of as offset by the improvements in data quality that will be realized.
B. Technical Issues
The changing of any reporting requirements cannot be made without considering several technical
issues. The following list contains some of the technical tasks that must be completed before any
new reporting requirement can become effective.
1. The SDWIS architecture must be able to accommodate the needed attributes.
2. OGWDW must reprogram the SDWIS edit/update programs to allow for the data to be entered
correctly into SDWIS/FED.
3. The State must collect and maintain the data (preferably in an information management system) in
a manner to ensure quality.
4. The State must reprogram their data conversion and transfer programs so that the data can be
submitted in the acceptable DTP format, or could use the FRDS Data Entry (FRDS_DE) program
and enter the data manually. This step will not be necessary for SDWIS/STATE States assuming that
SDWIS/STATE is modified to meet all of the LCR reporting requirements.
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