EPA-420-P-98-021
Nonroad Engine Population Estimates
Report No. NR-006A
December 9, 1997
revised June 15, 1998
Christian E. Lindhjem
Nonroad Emissions Modeling Team
Assessment and Modeling Division
EPA, Office of Mobile Sources
Purpose
The purpose of this memorandum is to document the source of the nonroad engine
population values used in EPA's NONROAD emission inventory model. Engine populations
were provided as default values in EPA's NONROAD emission inventory model categorized by
equipment type, power level, and fuel type for individual states. This categorization allows the
NONROAD model to determine the phase-in of new emission standards and other unique
aspects of emissions or allocations by application, fuel type, or power level.
Introduction
The default base year application populations are used as a starting point to estimate
future and past year engine populations in the NONROAD emissions model. The NONROAD
model tracks engines rather than equipment because present and planned nonroad emissions
regulations focus on engines instead of equipment. EPA anticipates that future nonroad emission
regulations would also focus on engines.
The engine populations were divided into many applications because of the variety of
ways nonroad engines are used. A complete description of these applications is provided in
Appendix A of this document. This variety of applications allows for application-specific
geographic and temporal allocations, activity, emission rates, and other input factors to
characterize nonroad engine usage and emissions.
The engine populations were also divided into 5 fuel types: diesel (2 and 4-stroke
combined), gasoline 2-stroke, gasoline 4-stroke, compressed natural gas (CNG) (2 and 4-stroke
combined), and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) (2 and 4-stroke combined). The diesel, CNG, and
LPG engine populations for 2 and 4-stroke engines were combined because these engines exhibit
little difference in emission rates between 2 and 4-stroke engines, most likely because these
1
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engines use fuel injection to deliver the fuel to the combustion chamber. Gasoline 2 and 4-stroke
engines were separated because of the availability of information indicating widely different
emission rates, especially for hydrocarbon emissions. Each combination of application and fuel
has been assigned a unique "Source Classification Code" (SCC).
The engine populations by application and fuel were further divided into 19 power level
categories to account for emission regulations and some technology differences associated with
power level. The power level categories provided were 0-1 hp, 1-3 hp, 3-6 hp, 6-11 hp, 11-16
hp, 16-25 hp, 25-40 hp, 40-50 hp, 50-100 hp, 100-175 hp, 175-300 hp, 300-600 hp, 600-750 hp,
750-1000 hp, 1000-1500 hp, 1500-2000 hp, 2000-3000 hp, and 3000+ hp. While this detailed
disaggregation by application, fuel type, and power level allows users to make fine distinctions in
understanding the effects of control strategies, it also might lead to very small engine populations
for some states for some application and power segments.
Base Year Population
The base year (1996) default in-use engine populations came from estimates made by
Power Systems Research (PSR), an independent marketing research firm.(l) NONROAD uses
the PSR estimates for state and national populations, but, as described in the report on
geographic allocation, the model uses other methods to allocate populations to the county level.
The PSR estimates were determined from engine manufacturer sales surveys, experimentally
determined engine life, and surveys of usage of these engines. The population estimates were
verified by equipment owner surveys over the course of several years. A review and evaluation
of the PSR methodology was provided by Pechan, another independent contractor. (2) The 1996
base year population estimates were released in the middle of 1997, so they represent the most
recently available information. The Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (NEVES)
report (3) used 1989 in-use year estimates from PSR, so the current estimates represent an update
to the previous estimates.
PSR developed engine population estimates for 2 and 4-stroke diesel, gasoline, liquid
petroleum gas (LPG), and compressed natural gas (CNG) engines. These populations were
further divided by power level for the NONROAD model to determine appropriate fleet turnover
rates and appropriate engine emission standard phase-in strategies. Appendix A describes how
PSR application codes correspond to the source categorization codes (SCC) for 2-stroke gasoline
engines. The SCCs for other fuel and engine categories are identical in their last 6 digits, but
differ in their prefix. Diesel engines are 2270xxxxxx, 4-stroke gasoline engines are 2265xxxxxx,
LPG engines are 2267xxxxxx, and CNG engines are 2268xxxxxx. The remaining numbers
marked by the "x" determine the applications where these engines are used.
Exceptions to the coding system just described are marine (recreational, commercial, and
military), rail (locomotives and maintenance equipment), and aircraft. Commercial and military
vessels, locomotives, and aircraft are not yet included in the NONROAD model. Airport service
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equipment is included in the coding system described previously. The recreational marine
equipment and coding is described below in a separate section and in Appendix B. Railway
maintenance equipment uses 228500x015 for the SCC with the "x" replaced by "2" for diesel,
"3" for 2-stroke gasoline, "4" for 4-stroke gasoline, "6" for LPG, and "8" for CNG engines.
Equipment Inventory Changes
Previous equipment estimates in the Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study
(NEVES) were also provided by PSR in 1990 for the 1989 in-use engine populations. (3) The
NEVES work led to development of source category codes (SCCs) for given applications.
NEVES did not include several equipment classes and power ranges of some types of equipment.
The current PSR estimate included those additional engines and revised the 1990 PSR estimate
of the 1989 in-use engine population with the 1997 PSR estimate of the 1996 in-use engine
population. These two factors, a revised PSR estimate and the new equipment classes and power
range additions, accounted for the majority of changes that affect the engine population.
Appendix B describes both significant and minor changes between the data derived from
the NEVES report and the NONROAD model for some SCCs. New equipment classes and
power range additions for some equipment types were included in the NONROAD model,
altering the engine population estimates. There were other minor changes that did not affect
engine populations but rather changed the description of the codes.
Another change, not described in Appendix B, is that LPG and CNG engines, which were
not included in previous nonroad engine populations, were added to the NONROAD model.
New SCCs were added to accommodate these new engines. This added a number of additional
engines for some applications and not for other applications. As described below, small CNG
and LPG engines were lumped with other small spark-ignition engines for the purpose of keeping
consistency with the emissions regulations.
In order to apply the new emission standards expected for small (<25 hp) and recreational
marine spark-ignition engines, the 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines were
combined into one category (while still maintaining power level distinctions). The new emission
standards intend to produce cleaner engines in part by reducing the number of 2-stroke in favor
of 4-stroke engines. The reasons for and associated problems with combining these engines are
described in more detail below.
Mobile and Stationary Nonroad Engines
One challenge in preparing a mobile source inventory is that engines used for generators,
pumps, compressors and other applications may be either mobile or stationary, and, thus, may be
subject to different regulations. Therefore it was necessary to determine the fraction of engines
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used as mobile and stationary emission sources. The NONROAD model estimates emissions
from 'mobile' equipment. The legal definition of a mobile nonroad engine is an engine that
moves from one place within a 12-month period. (4) In some cases the distinction may not be
clear because engines that might appear stationary are in fact considered as mobile. For example,
a palette-mounted engine is easily moved from one site to the next with a forklift or other type of
lift truck over the course of several months. To account for mobile nonroad engines, EPA used
the only information available which was derived from a report to the California Air Resources
Board by Booz, Allen, and Hamilton (5) and given in Table 1 to provide fractions of engines
used as mobile nonroad engines for the few application classes in which some of the engines are
used and regulated as stationary sources. Generator sets, pumps, compressors, and welders were
the applications which were determined to have some stationary engines. The fraction of mobile
engines was applied to the state equipment populations for the appropriate applications as
provided by PSR in order to avoid counting stationary sources in the nonroad mobile sources
inventory. EPA would like reviewers to consider whether other similar applications such as
General Industrial (22xx003040), Hydro Power Units (22xx005050), and Irrigation Sets
(22xx005060) might also be classified primarily stationary applications for larger engines.
Table 1: Fraction of Generator Sets (22xx006005), Pumps (22xx006010), Compressors
(22xx006015 and 22xx006020), and Welders (22xx006025) Considered to be
Mobile Sources
Power Range (Hp)
Oto25
25 to 40
40 to 100
100 to 175
175 to 300
300 to 500
500+
Percent Mobile
Equipment
90
90
70
20
15
10
0
Small (<25 hp) Spark-Ignition Engines and Equipment
Two important issues regarding small (<25 hp) spark ignition (SI) engines and equipment
require further discussion: treating commercial and residential users separately, and accounting
for the effects of new regulations.
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Many of the small spark-ignited engines are used in lawn and garden equipment
applications, and lawn and garden equipment is used both by commercial and residential users.
The commercial users are grounds keepers for nonresidential buildings, large apartment
complexes, and some single-family homes. Commercial equipment therefore has significantly
different usage in terms of hours per year and hours per weekday versus hours per weekend day
than residential equipment. To account for these differences in equipment usage, separate SCCs
were defined to account for commercial and residential lawn and garden equipment. The engine
populations derived by PSR were then divided into residential and commercial fractions from
information derived by California and shown in Table 2. (6) For applications not shown in Table
2, 100% commercial use was assumed for the engines because these applications include such
categories as construction, agricultural, commercial, and many other engines applications already
considered commercial.
The sales fraction combined with the average life (in years under average operation
shown in another report, NR-003) of the engines was used to calculate an in-use population
fraction of residential and commercial equipment. The calculation uses the sales fraction
multiplied by the average life for both residential and commercial equipment and the population
fraction determined from the two populations as shown in the equation below.
Commercial Population Fraction = (Commercial Sales Fraction * Commercial Average Life in Years) /
(Commercial Sales Fraction * Commercial Average Life + Residential Sales
Fraction * Residential Average Life)
The results of this calculation are shown in Table 2 below. The fraction of in-use population of
residential equipment is higher because residential equipment lasts longer (in other words, the
average life in years is higher) reducing the attrition. The reduced attrition accounts for the
different population fraction.
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Table 2: Residential and Commercial Percentages of Small Spark-Ignition Engine Equipment
sec
22xx004010
22xx004011
22xx004025
22xx004026
22xx004020
22xx004021
22xx004030
22xx004031
22xx004015
22xx004016
22xx004035
22xx004036
22xx004071
22xx004040
22xx004041
22xx004055
22xx004056
22xx004075
22xx004076
22xx004045
22xx004046
22xx004065
22xx004066
22xx004070
22xx004071
All others
Application
Lawn mowers
Trimmers/edgers/cutters
Chainsaws
Leaf blowers/vacuums
Tillers <6 hp
Snowblowers
Commercial turf equipment
Rear engine rider
Lawn and garden tractors
Other lawn and garden
equipment
Front Mowers
Chippers\Stump Grinders
Commercial Turf
All other equipment
Residential
Sales
90.00%
81.85
75.00
86.87
82.00
90.00
0.00
95.00
95.00
25.00
0.00
Population
96.3%
89.4
93.5
92.5
85.7
90.0
0.0
97.4
97.4
45.7
0.0
Commercial
Sales
10.00%
18.15
25.00
13.13
18.00
10.00
100.00
5.00
5.00
75.00
100.00
Population
3.7%
10.6
6.5
7.5
14.3
10.0
100.0
2.6
2.6
54.3
100.0
Lawn and garden and other small (<25 hp) spark-ignition engines fall under EPA
regulations targeting mainly hydrocarbon emissions. (7) The regulations to be proposed define
new engine classes (I through V) based on use and displacement, while the NONROAD model
classifies engines by application and power level. The regulations to be proposed require
reduced emission rates in future years, and, among other consequences, are estimated to reduce
the number of two-stroke engines sold in favor of four-stroke engines. With the current
NONROAD modeling methodology, it was not possible to keep the 2-stroke and 4-stroke spark-
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ignition engines in separate SCCs in the emissions model and account for the shift of 2-stroke to
4-stroke engines. Therefore, spark-ignition engines of less than 25 horsepower were lumped into
one SCC category, eliminating the SCC distinction between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and
CNG engines. The SCC description was changed to reflect the new engine classes described
below. The distinction between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines will be
maintained for sales fraction and emission rates by using technology groups within the SCC.
The small spark-ignition engine regulations to be proposed incorporate five classes of
engines defined by use (handheld versus nonhandheld) and displacement. For the purposes of
inventory modeling, the five classes are defined by application and power level. Table 3 below
describes the definitions of engine class by application and power level that were used in the
NONROAD model. The PSR populations were used to define the total population, and to assign
the base year technology group sales fractions distinguishing 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and
CNG engines.
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Table 3: Initial Year Engine Population by Small Engine Class
sec
22xx004020(l)
22xx007005
22xx002006
22xx002039
22xx004025(6)
22xx004030(l)
22xx004035(6)
22xx004071
22xx004015(6)
22xx005040
All Others
22xx001050
22xx001060
22xx002015
22xx002024
22xx002030
22xx002033
22xx002042
22xx002072
22xx002078
22xx003050
22xx004010 (1)
22xx004040 (1)
22xx004045 (6)
22xx004050 (1)
22xx007010
22xx004055 (6)
22xx004065 (6)
22xx004075 (6)
22xx005030
22xx008005
228500x015
Description
Chainsaws
Tampers and Rammers
Concrete\Industrial Saws
Trimmers\Edgers\Cutters
Leafblowers
Snow blowers
Commercial Turf
Tillers
All Others
Golf Carts
Speciality Carts
Rollers
Surfacing Equipment
Trenchers
Bore\Drill Rigs
Cement\Motar Mixers
Skid Steer Loaders
DumpersYTenders
Other Material Handling
Lawnmower
Rear Engine Riding Mower
Front Mowers
Shredders
Lawn & Garden Tractors
Chippers and Stump Grinders
Other Lawn & Garden Equipment
Agricultural Mowers
Aircraft Support
Railway Maintenance
Power Range &
Engine Cycle
0 to 1 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
1 to 3 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
3 to 25 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
0 to 1 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
1 to 3 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
3 to 6 hp
(2-stroke)
3 to 6 hp
(4 stroke)
6 to 25 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
0 to 1 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
1 to 3 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
3 to 6 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
6 to 25 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
0 to 6 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
6 to 25 hp
(2 and 4-stroke)
Engine Class
m
IV
V
III
IV
V
I
II
III
IV
I
II
I
II
22xx004065(6) indicates that both 22xx004065 and 22xx004066 SCC are considered, for
instance.
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One problem with lumping 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines together is that the different
engine types have different conversion factors for converting total hydrocarbons (THC) to other
hydrocarbon types (TOG, NMHC, NMOG, and VOC). This problem was ameliorated somewhat
by defining the population to be primarily 2-stroke or primarily 4-stroke fuel types. In the base
year, engine classes of in, IV, and V were primarily 2-stroke gasoline engines, so they were
assigned SCCs of 2260xxxxxx. Engine classes I and II are primarily 4-stroke gasoline, therefore
they were assigned SCCs of 2265xxxxxx. This means that 2-stroke hydrocarbon conversion
factors were used for engine classes HI, IV, and V, and 4-stroke conversion factors were used for
engine classes I and II.
Recreational Marine Equipment
In its rulemaking on recreational marine equipment, EPA determined that alternatives to
PSR population estimates provided more accurate information for spark-ignition recreational
marine engines. The new population estimates were derived from sales information provided to
EPA during the rulemaking to produce base year 1996 national population estimates. (8)
The LPG and CNG recreational marine engine population values were estimated to be
zero, which was confirmed with the PSR estimates. There were some diesel recreational marine
engines not covered by the emissions regulations for spark-ignition marine engines and therefore
not included in the recreational marine estimate just described.
Recreational marine spark-ignition engines fall under EPA regulations targeting mainly
hydrocarbon emissions. (9) The regulations require reduced emission rates and, among other
consequences, are estimated to reduce the number of two-stroke engines sold in favor of four-
stroke engines. With the current NONROAD modeling methodology, it was not possible to keep
the 2-stroke and 4-stroke spark-ignition engines in separate SCCs in the emissions model and
account for the expected effects of the regulations. Therefore, spark-ignition engines are lumped
into one SCC, which eliminates two and four-stroke distinctions.
As with small gasoline engines, one problem with lumping 2-stroke and 4-stroke
recreational marine engines into a single SCC is that the different engine types have different
conversion factors for converting total hydrocarbons (THC) to other hydrocarbon types (TOG,
NMHC, NMOG, and VOC). This problem is ameliorated somewhat by defining the population
to be primarily 2-stroke or primarily 4-stroke fuel types. For outboard (SCC 2282005010) and
personal water craft (SCC 2282005015), the primary engine type in the base year is 2-stroke; for
inboard engines (SCC 2282010005), the primary engine type in the base year is 4-stroke. The
NONROAD model uses these primary engine types as the basis for the conversion factors for
these SCCs.
As described in Appendix A, three types of recreational marine equipment are
differentiated: inboard, outboard, and personal water craft. The NEVES report documents three
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types of recreational applications; inboard, outboard, and sterndrive. Sterndrive was not
considered to be a unique application type, and was eliminated. Personal water craft, sometimes
known by the brand name Jet Ski, were added to what was formerly the sterndrive category, and
the SCC description was changed accordingly.
The base year 1996 national engine populations for recreational marine engines were
estimated by EPA, departing in this category from the PSR estimates. (8) These base year
populations are 8,619,722 for outboard engines, 2,567,067 for inboard, and 1,026,387 for
personal water craft. These populations are totals derived from sales information and are higher
than the PSR estimates. In order to reflect the average power level accurately, the national
engine populations just described were assigned to power ranges using the fraction of engines in
each power range as derived from the PSR information. The final assignments are shown in
Table 4 below.
10
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Table 4: 1996 National Population Estimates for Spark-Ignition Recreational Marine Engines
sec
2282005010
2282010005
2282005015
Description
Outboard
Engines
Inboard
Engines
Personal Water
craft
Power Range
1 to 3 hp
3 to 6
6 to 11
11 to 16
16 to 25
25 to 40
40 to 50
50 to 100
100 to 175
175 to 300
25 to 40 hp
40 to 50 hp
50 to lOOhp
100 to 175 hp
175 to 300 hp
16 to 25 hp
25 to 40 hp
40 to 50 hp
50 to lOOhp
100 to 175 hp
2-Stroke
Population
193,730
2,343,410
1,515,688
472,490
1,189,604
786,243
374,852
761,251
730,785
162,479
0
0
0
0
0
1,340
34,225
83,392
734,208
168,416
4- Stroke
Population
3,862
6,501
56,799
14,093
677
4,493
2,767
0
0
0
2,016
0
17,225
1,775,317
772,509
4,806
0
0
0
0
Sailboat auxiliary propulsion engines are also included in the outboard and inboard
engine categories. The national estimates include these engines, so NONROAD does not use this
category to avoid double counting. PSR estimates that these engines only account for slightly
11
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more than 30,000 engines nationwide and thus represent a small percentage of recreational
marine engines.
The population of diesel recreation marine engines provided in the default engine
populations was derived from the PSR estimates and uses SCCs of 22820200xx. The 'xx' here
denotes inboard as '05', outboard as ' 10', and sailboat auxiliary as '25.' The categories of' 15'
and '20' were not used because sterndrive is no longer a category, and the sailboat auxiliary
diesel engines were of a low horsepower design resembling outboard engines rather than inboard
engines. There is little distinction between inboard and outboard for activity, allocations, or any
other parameter, so assigning these sailboat auxiliary engines to outboard rather than inboard is a
moot issue.
References
(1) Power Systems Research, "US Parts Link Edition 6.2," St. Paul, MN.
(2) E.H. Pechan, "Evaluation of Power Systems Research (PSR) Nonroad Population Data
Base," prepared for Office of Mobile Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
September 1997, EPA Contract No. 68-D3-0035, Work Assignment No. IU-107, Pechan
Report No. 97.09.003/1807.
(3) EPA, "Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study," EPA-21A-2001, November, 1991.
(4) EPA, "Determination of Significance for Nonroad Sources and Emission Standards for
New Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines At or Above 37 kW; Final Rule," 59 FR
31306, June, 17, 1994.
(5) Booz, Allen and Hamilton Inc., "Off-Road Mobile Equipment Emission Inventory,"
January, 1992.
(6) California Air Resources Board, "Technical Support Document for California Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1994 and Subsequent Model-Year Utility
and Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines," Attachment C to CARB Mailout # 92-06, El
Monte, CA. January 1992.
(7) EPA, "Statement of Principles for Nonroad Phase 2 Small Spark-Ignited Engines;
Proposed Rule," 62 FR 14740, March, 27, 1997.
(8) EPA, "Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Air Pollution Emission Standards for
New Spark-Ignition Marine Engines," October, 1996.
(9) EPA, "Air Pollution Control; Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; New Nonroad
Compression-Ignition and Spark-Ignition Engines, Exemptions; Rule", 61 FR 52088,
October 4, 1996.
12
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Appendix A
The conversion from PSR applications to SCC categories.
sec
22xx001010
22xx001020
22xx001030
22xx001040
22xx001050
22xx001060
22xx002003
22xx002006
22xx002009
22xx002012
22xx002015
22xx002018
22xx002021
22xx002024
22xx002027
22xx002030
22xx002033
22xx002036
22xx002039
22xx002042
22xx002045
22xx002048
22xx002051
22xx002054
22xx002057
22xx002060
22xx002063
22xx002066
22xx002069
22xx002072
22xx002075
22xx002078
22xx002081
22xx003010
22xx003020
22xx003030
SCC Description
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Recreational Vehicles Motorcycles: Off-Road
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Recreational Vehicles Minibikes
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Recreational Vehicles Speciality Vehicle Carts
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Asphalt Pavers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Plate Compactors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Concrete Pavers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Rollers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Scrapers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Paving Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Surfacing Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Signal Boards
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Trenchers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Excavators
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Cement & Mortar Mixers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Cranes
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Graders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Crushing/Proc. Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Skid Steer Loaders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Off-Highway Tractors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Construction Equipment Other Construction Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Industrial Equipment Forklifts
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers
PSR
Code
71
91
93
94
62
41
95
61
39
29
35
23
73
42
37
28
77
57
27
30
40
34
84
33
32
43
31
38
68
60
36
64
18
21
PSR Description
Included in
22xx001030
Snowmobile
All-Terrain
Vehicles
Mini-Bikes
Golf Carts
Specialty
VehVCarts
Pavers
Tampers/Rammer
Plate Compactors
Unused
Rollers
Scrapers
Paving Equipment
Surfacing
Equipment
Light Plants
Trenchers
Bore/Drill Rigs
Excavators
Concrete/lnd
Saws
Cem/Mtr Mixers
Cranes
Graders
Off-Highway
Truck
Crush/Proc
Equipment
Rough Terrain
Forklifts
R/T Loader
R/T Dozer
Tractor\Loader\Ba
ckhoe
Crawler Dozers
S/S Loader
Off-Hwy Tractors
Dumpers/Tenders
Other
Construction
Aerial Lifts
Forklifts
Scrubbers/
Sweepers
13
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22xx003040
22xx003050
22xx003060
22xx003070
22xx004010
22xx004011
22xx004015
22xx004016
22xx004020
22xx004021
22xx004025
22xx004026
22xx004030
22xx004031
22xx004035
22xx004036
22xx004040
22xx004041
22xx004045
22xx004046
22xx004050
22xx004051
22xx004055
22xx004056
22xx004060
22xx004061
22xx004065
22xx004066
22xx004070
22xx004071
22xx004075
22xx004076
22xx005010
22xx005015
22xx005020
22xx005025
22xx005030
22xx005035
22xx005040
22xx005045
22xx005050
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling
Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Terminal Tractors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush
Cutters
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial Turf Equipment
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden
Equipment
as above except (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment 2- Wheel Tractors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Combines
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Balers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Sprayers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Swathers
Mobile Sources Off-Hiahwav Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Eciuipment Hydro Power Units
74
19
14
16
65
65
59
59
70
70
53
53
66
66
56
56
82
82
88
88
96
96
63
63
75
75
26
26
67
76
76
98
45
47
49
55
69
59
48
85
Other General
Industrial
Other Material
Handling
Refrigeration/ AC
Terminal Tractors
Lawn Mowers*
Lawn Mowers*
Tillers*
Tillers*
Chainsaws*
Chainsaws*
Trimmer/Edger/
Cutter*
Trimmer/Edger/
Cutter*
Leaf Blower/Vac*
Leaf Blower/Vac*
Snowblower*
Snowblower*
Rear Engine
Rider*
Rear Engine
Rider*
Front Mowers*
Front Mowers*
Shredders*
Shredders*
Lawn & Garden
Tractor*
LawniGarden
Tractor*
Wood Splitter*
Wood Splitter*
Chippers/
Grinders*
Chippers/
Grinders*
Unused
Commercial Turf*
Other Lawn
Garden*
Other Lawn
Garden*
2-Wheel Tractors
Agricultural
Tractor
Combines
Balers
Agricultural
Mowers
Sprayers
Tillers
Swathers
Hydro Power Unit
14
-------
22xx005055
22xx005060
22xx006005
22xx006010
22xx006015
22xx006020
22xx006025
22xx006030
22xx007005
22xx007010
22xx007015
22xx007020
22xx008005
22xx008010
22xx009010
22xx010010
22820xx020
22820xx025
228500x015
22820xx005
22820xx010
2282005015
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light Commercial Generator Sets
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light Commercial Pumps
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light Commercial Air Compressors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light Commercial Gas Compressors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light Commercial Welders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light Commercial Pressure Washers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Logging Equipment Skidders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Logging Equipment Fellers/Bunchers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Airport Service Equipment Airport Support Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Airport Service Equipment Terminal Tractors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Other Underground Mining Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Other Oil Field Equipment
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft, Gasoline Sailboat Aux. Outboard
Mobile Sources Railroad Gasoline Railway Maintenance
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft, Gasoline Inboards
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft, Gasoline Outboards
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft, Gasoline Personal Water Craft
46
44
9
11
10
89
17
58
70
96
24
81
13
12
79
80
50
99
92
Other Ag
Equipment
Irrigation Sets
Generator Sets
Pumps
Air Compressors
Gas Compressors
Welders
Pressure Washer
Chainsaws
Shredders
Forest Equipment
Unused
Aircraft Support
Unused
Underground
Mine Equipment
Oil Field
Equipment
Sailboat Aux.
Unused**
Railway
Maintenance
Powerboats**
Outboard
Motors**
New SCC
Description**
* See Small Spark-Ignition Engines for a more complete description of these categories
** New National Non-PSR Data Source (See Recreational Marine Equipment and Appendix
B for further descriptions of these categories)
15
-------
Appendix B
Engine Population Inventory Changes in NONROAD from NEVES
sec
22xx003060*
22xx005060
22xx009010
22xx010010
2285002015
2285003015
2285004015
2285006015
2285008015
22xx006005
22xx006010
22xx006015
22xx006020
22xx006025
22xx002012
22xx002003
22xx007020
22xx008010
22xx007015
22xx004010
22xx004011
22xx004015
22xx004016
22xx004020
SCC Description
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Industrial Equipment
AC\Refrigeration
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Farm Equipment
Irrigation Sets
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Other Underground
Mining Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Other Oil Field
Equipment
Mobile Sources Railroad Diesel Railway Maintenance
Mobile Sources Railroad 2-Stroke Gasoline Railway
Maintenance
Mobile Sources Railroad 4-Stroke Gasoline Railway
Maintenance
Mobile Sources Railroad LPG Railway Maintenance
Mobile Sources Railroad CNG Railway Maintenance
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light
Commercial Generator Sets
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light
Commercial Pumps
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light
Commercial Air Compressors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light
Commercial Gas Compressors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, Light
Commercial Welders
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Construction Equipment
Concrete Pavers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Construction Equipment,
Pavers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Logging Equipment
Fellers/Bunchers
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke Airport
Service Equipment Terminal Tractors
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle Logging Equipment
Forest Equipment
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Lawn mowers (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Lawn mowers (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential)
Comment
New Category
New Category
New Category
New Category
New Category
New Category
New Category
New Category
New Category
Engines Greater than 50 hp are included
Engines Greater than 50 hp are included
Engines Greater than 50 hp are included
Engines Greater than 50 hp are included
Engines Greater than 50 hp are included
Unused; population included in
22xx002003
New Description (Asphalt + Concrete)
Pavers
Unused; population included in
22xx007015
Changed SCC to 22xx003070 because this
is not Airport Service Equipment
New Description (Skidders +
Fellers\Bunchers)
New Description
New SCC
New Power Level, Description
New SCC
New Power Level, Description
16
-------
22xx004021
22xx004025
22xx004026
22xx004030
22xx004031
22xx004035
22xx004036
22xx004040
22xx004041
22xx004045
22xx004046
22xx004050
22xx004051
22xx004055
22xx004056
22xx004060
22xx004061
22xx004065
22xx004066
22xx004070
22xx004071
22xx004075
22xx004076
22xx002069
22xx004015
22xx007005
22xx007010
2282005015
2282005010
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Snowblowers (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Snowblowers (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Front Mowers (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Front Mowers (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Shredders < 6 HP (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Wood Splitters (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Wood Splitters (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Commercial Turf Equipment (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Commercial Turf Equipment (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Other Lawn & Garden Equipment (Residential)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Lawn & Garden
Equipment Other Lawn & Garden Equipment (Commercial)
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, Construction Equipment
Crawler Dozer
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, 2-Stroke Lawn &
Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, 2-Stroke Logging
Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP
Mobile Sources Off-Highway Vehicle, 2-Stroke Logging
Equipment Shredders > 6 HP
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 2-stroke Personal Water Craft
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 2-Stroke Outboards
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Power Level, Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
Unused; no 'residential' commercial turf
equipment
New SCC
New Description
New SCC
New Description (Changed from Tractor to
Dozer)
New Power Level
New Power Level
New Power Level
New Description (Changed from Sterndrive
to Personal Water Craft) Primarily 2-stroke
Includes 2 and 4-stroke engines
17
-------
2282010005
2282010015
2282010010
2282005020
2282005025
2282010020
2282010025
2282005005
2282020015
2282020020
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 4-Stroke Inboards
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 4-Stroke Sterndrive
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 4-Stroke Outboard
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 2-Stroke Sailboat Aux. Inboard
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 2-Stroke Sailboat Aux. Outboard
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 4-Stroke Sailboat Aux. Inboard
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 4-Stroke Sailboat Aux. Outboard
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Gasoline 2-Stroke Inboards
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Diesel Sterndrive
Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Recreational Pleasure Craft,
Diesel Sailboat Aux. Inboard
Includes 2 and 4-stroke engines
Unused
Unused (included in 2282005010 as a
technical type)
Unused (included in 4-stroke Inboard)
Unused (included in 4-stroke Outboard)
Unused (included in 4-stroke Inboard)
Unused (included in 4-stroke Outboard)
Unused (included in 228201005 as a
technical type)
Unused (included in 2282020005)
Unused (included in 2282020025)
* The "xx" denotes that all fuel types (diesel ("70"), 2-stroke gasoline ("60"), 4-stroke gasoline
("65"), LPG ("67"), and CNG ("68") engines) are included with the new or altered application
categories.
18
------- |