Publication No. EPA 402/K-15/001
 United States
 Environmental Protection
 Agency
 Energy Savings  Plus Health:
 Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for
 Multifamily Building Upgrades
December 2015
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

-------
                                                                                           Preface
How to protect public health,  save energy and reduce climate
change impacts  — all at the same time

These Energy Savings Plus Health: Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Multifamily Buildings are part of EPA's
approach to addressing three of our most  pressing environmental and public health priorities: reducing asthma and
other health disparities, our reliance on fossil fuels, and climate change impacts.

These guidelines will be a valuable tool in helping to ensure the health, comfort and safety of the many Americans
living in multifamily buildings. More than 80 million Americans, about 25 percent of the U.S. population, live
in multi-unit homes. About one-quarter of these residents live below the poverty line and a large percentage of
residents of affordable housing are children, the elderly or disabled. These groups are the most vulnerable, and
they are disproportionately impacted by diseases like asthma and commonly exposed to serious health risks from
secondhand tobacco smoke, usually at home.

Heating and cooling buildings uses a lot of energy — about 43 percent of all energy use in the  United States!
Producing this energy requires us to burn  fossil fuels like coal and oil, which contributes to air pollution  and
generates large amounts of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings usually involves tightening the buildings through air sealing and other
weatherization techniques to reduce the escape of air that we have just spent money to heat or cool. That's a very
good thing. However, as buildings are renovated or repairs are made to save energy or increase comfort, indoor air
quality problems can be created or exacerbated. Indoor pollutants  like radon, mold,  particles and chemicals from a
variety of sources can build  up to unhealthy levels unless pollutant sources, ventilation and moisture are carefully
managed. Pollutants like tobacco smoke can easily migrate from one unit to another in multi-unit buildings, and
lead and asbestos, which may be disturbed during renovations or retrofits, remain serious health risks  in older
buildings.

Protecting indoor air quality and occupant health while saving energy and  money during building retrofits isn't very
hard to do, but it does require teamwork,  planning and commitment from everyone involved in building upgrades.
Most importantly, if we do it right, we'll protect public health, reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and reduce
climate  change impacts all at the same time.

The guidance on  these pages can help ensure that energy efficiency upgrades and other building renovations
accomplish what they set out to do: provide safe, healthy, comfortable and energy efficient homes for all of us.
Read it. Use it. Together, we can build a better future.
Janet McCabe
Acting Assistant Administrator for the Office of Air and Radiation
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                                     Table of  Contents
Section  1: Introduction
    Purpose and Scope	3
    How this Guide is Organized	4
Section  2: Assessment Protocols and Recommended Actions
    Contaminants and Sources
       1.0 Moisture Control and Mold	17
       2.0 Asbestos	20
       3.0 Lead	22
       4.0 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS)	24
       5.0 Radon	25
       6.0 Belowground Contaminants (Except Radon)	28
       7.0 Garage Air Pollutants	29
       8.0 Pests	31
       9.0 Tracked-in Pollutants	33
       10.0 Building Products/Materials Emissions	34
       11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances	36
       12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances	38
       13.0 Ozone From  Indoor Sources	40
       14.0 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)	41
       15.0 Wood Smoke and Other Solid  Fuel Emissions	44
    Compartmentalization
       16.0 Compartmentalization to Prevent  Odor or Unwanted Air Transfer	45
    Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
       17.0 HVAC Equipment	48
       18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Individual Dwelling Units	50
       19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple Dwelling Units Using Central  Exhaust	52
       20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered) Ventilation	54
       21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation	56
    Safety
       22.0 Building Safety for Occupants	57
       23.0 Protecting Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) During Construction	58
       24.0 Jobsite Safety	60
Section  3: Appendices
       Appendix A: Worker Protection	63
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education	67
       Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms	75
       Appendix D: References	77
       Appendix E: Master Verification Checklist	87
          Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Section 1
Introduction

-------
                                                                Section  1:  Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Millions of American homes, including dwelling units
in multifamily residential buildings, will be retrofitted
in the coming years to renovate their existing structure,
improve energy efficiency, improve long-term dura-
bility and ensure good indoor air quality (IAQ). Some
upgrade activities,  however, might negatively affect
IAQ if the appropriate building assessment is not made
before work begins and issues that can compromise
IAQ are not identified and properly addressed.  The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) devel-
oped this document, Energy Savings Plus Health: In-
door Air Quality Guidelines for Multifamily Residential
Building Upgrades, to provide practical guidance to
ensure healthy indoor environments during multifamily
residential building upgrades, retrofits and renova-
tions (including energy upgrades), and to maintain the
building upgrades after dwelling units are reoccupied.

In 2011, EPA released Healthy Indoor Environment
Protocols for  Home Energy Upgrades (EPA document
# 402/K-l 1/003),  which applies primarily to existing
single-family  homes and, to a much lesser degree,
existing multifamily low-rise residential buildings of
three stories or less. The opportunities and challeng-
es to maintain or improve IAQ while upgrading sin-
gle-family homes often differ from those encountered
in multifamily residential buildings, where spaces,
equipment and decision-making are often shared and,
in the case of leased space, dependent on the building
owner/developer. In addition, some multifamily resi-
dential buildings are classified as mixed-use where the
buildings can contain, for example, retail spaces, park-
ing garages, conference/meeting rooms, offices, health
clubs/aerobic rooms, and beauty/nail salons, in addi-
tion to dwelling units. Mixed-use spaces often  present
challenges generally  not found in single-family homes,
including different sources of pollutants and activities
that generate a broader range of indoor pollutants.

This Guide applies to multifamily residential buildings
containing at  least five residential dwelling units that
share one or more building systems.  Each multifam-
ily dwelling unit typically shares at least a floor or
a ceiling and  one or more walls with other dwelling
units. Multifamily residential buildings can range from
low-rise to high-rise buildings. A low-rise multifam-
ily residential building is a structure of up to three
stories, a mid-rise multifamily residential building has
four or five stories, and a high-rise multifamily residen-
tial  building has six stories or more. This document
provides guidance for conducting multifamily building
assessments and identifying common IAQ and safety
concerns, and can help improve the quality of multi-
family residential building upgrade projects.

Given the unique complexities of multifamily residen-
tial buildings, this Guide differs from  EPA's protocols
for single-family homes. For example, the following
issues can be significantly different in, or unique to,
multifamily residential buildings:

  • Environmental Tobacco Smoke
  • Garage Air Pollutants
  • Pests
  • Radon
  • Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Equip-
    ment
  • Compartmentalization  to Prevent Odor or Unwant-
    ed Air Transfer
  • Local Exhaust
  • Mechanical Ventilation Systems for Individual
    Dwelling Units
  • Mechanical Ventilation Systems for Multiple Dwell-
    ing Units
  • Natural (Not Fan-Powered) Ventilation Systems
  • Multifamily Building Safety
  • Protecting IAQ During Construction
  • Operations and Maintenance Staff Training
  • Occupant Education
This Guide is intended for use during multifamily
residential building upgrades, renovations and re-
modeling,  including energy efficiency upgrades. The
intended audience includes rehabilitation profession-
als, contractors and others involved with renovation
and remodeling efforts, including energy-focused
residential retrofits. The Guide also can be adopted or
used by federal, state, tribal and local weatherization
assistance programs; federally funded housing pro-
grams;  industry standards  organizations; private sector
home performance organizations; and other contract-
ing organizations. EPA developed this voluntary Guide
in  coordination with the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family
Home Energy Upgrades.

Programs and contractors undertaking building up-
grades are encouraged to coordinate their activities
with local health and housing resources for multifam-
ily residential buildings to  provide building owners,
property managers and  occupants the support they
may need.
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
This document does not do any of the following:

1.  Set new EPA regulatory requirements or in any
    way modify or supersede existing EPA regulatory
    requirements.

2.  Provide guidance on diagnosing occupant health
    problems or  building-related illness.

3.  Address emerging issues that have not been linked
    to adverse health effects.

4.  Make training or training documents unnecessary.

5.  Provide detailed implementation guidance on  how
    to achieve each recommendation in all situations.

6.  Identify funding availability or which  programmatic
    funding sources should be used.

7.  Provide guidance for prioritizing building-specific
    projects during  the upgrade process.

Portions of this Guide summarize certain  regulatory
requirements,  but the requirements themselves, not
the summaries in this Guide, govern.
  Important Basic Considerations for
  Protecting IAQ During Building  Upgrades

  QQ\/Q
  Several energy retrofit and building upgrade activities
  can cause or aggravate IAQ problems as described in de-
  tail throughout this publication; however, these import-
  ant basic considerations must always be kept in mind:

    • Occupants' and workers' exposure to airborne
      contaminants generated during and after building
      upgrade activities should be minimized.
      Building upgrades can disturb existing contami-
      nants known to cause health problems. Some of
      these contaminants have specific regulatory require-
      ments (e.g., asbestos, lead) that must be followed.
    • Reducing air leakage across the building enve-
      lope should  not be performed without ensuring
      that there will be adequate venting of combustion
      appliances and outdoor air ventilation to dilute
      and remove  pollutants from within the building
      after the project is completed.
      Modifications that increase the airtightness of
      a building's envelope increase the potential for
      elevated levels of contaminants indoors. Care must
      always be  taken to ensure that these activities do
      not cause  improper venting of combustion  applianc-
      es and increase occupant exposure to combustion
      by-products, including carbon monoxide; introduce
      increased  indoor exposures to other pollutants; or
      introduce or exacerbate moisture and mold prob-
      lems within the building.

How This Guide  Is Organized
This Guide covers 24 priority issues, and each priority
issue includes three sections.
1.  Assessment Protocols: Measures to identify and
    evaluate potential IAQ and safety concerns in mul-
    tifamily residential buildings undergoing upgrade
    activities. The assessments should be performed
    in all common areas of the building and in as
    many dwelling units as possible.

2.  Minimum Actions: Critical actions intended to
    correct deficiencies identified during the assess-
    ments, incorporate minimum  IAQ  protections, and
    ensure that work does not cause or worsen IAQ or
    safety problems for occupants or workers (i.e., "Do
    No Harm"). EPA recommends these protections for
    all building upgrade projects.

    Some of the Minimum Actions identified overlap
    with regulatory  requirements but not all regulatory
    requirements are listed;  others are recommenda-
    tions for additional steps to protect and improve
    IAQ during building upgrades. Applicable regulato-
    ry requirements must be followed, and the regula-
    tions, not the summaries in this Guide, establish
    the applicable requirements.  Recommended
    additional  steps are not  mandatory from a regula-
    tory standpoint.

3.  Expanded  Actions: Additional actions to promote
    healthy indoor environments that can be taken
    during many building upgrade projects. EPA rec-
    ommends  considering these improvements when
    feasible and sufficient resources exist.

The Assessment Protocols, Minimum Actions and
Expanded Actions are designed to incorporate good
IAQ practices into a variety of multifamily residential
building upgrade projects. To be effective, the recom-
mended assessments and actions should be built into
the very earliest stages of project  conceptualization
and design. Working as a team, building upgrade con-
tractors, building owners and property managers can
use the guidelines to better  understand the interrela-
tionships between building upgrades,  including energy
efficiency upgrades and IAQ goals. They also can use
the guidelines to identify opportunities to protect and
promote healthy indoor environments during typical
building operations, maintenance and  energy man-
agement tasks. Due to the wide variety in multifamily
residential  building designs  and the magnitude  in
scopes of building upgrade projects, there can be vari-
ability in how this Guide is used.  For example, a small
project focused only on window upgrades would refer
to a small subset of priority  issues in the Guide, while
a larger, more extensive renovation could refer to the
majority of priority issues.
Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
These actions often refer to national standards, model
codes and guidelines; however, work must be conduct-
ed in compliance with state and local requirements
as well. All equipment removed should be disposed of
properly to prevent it from  being reinstalled or used
elsewhere.

Relevant reference documents for each priority issue
are provided  in an abbreviated format. More detailed
information can be found in Appendix D:  References.

The following icons are  used in this Guide:
                 Indicates an issue that references
                 Appendix A: Worker Protection for
                 recommended actions and additional
                 resources to minimize health and
                 safety risks for workers performing
                 the building upgrades.
                                           Indicates an issue that references Appen-
                                           dix B: Property Management and Occu-
                                           pant  Education for additional information
                                           and resources on important property
                                           management and occupant education
                                           considerations related to the building
                              upgrades. These considerations are important to
                              ensure that property managers and building occupants
                              do their part to maintain a healthy indoor environment
                              before, during and after the building upgrade is
                              complete.

                              Examples of multifamily residential building upgrade
                              projects are identified in Table 1, accompanied by
                              descriptions of the lAQ/health risks and  opportunities
                              that may be encountered, and the potentially applicable
                              priority issues of this Guide. The Master Verification
                              Checklist in Appendix E can be used to track progress
                              and verify that the applicable assessments, minimum
                              actions and expanded actions have been performed.
Table 1: Examples of Multifamily Residential Building Upgrade Projects
   Examples of Multifamily
     Residential Building
      Upgrade Projects
 Lighting Upgrades
 • De-lamping: Removing
   unnecessary light bulbs/
   fixtures to save energy
 • Re-lamping: Replacing
   lighting components and
   fixtures
 • Upgrading ballasts
 • Other modifications
   or upgrades (e.g.,
   occupancy sensors)
  ixampies OT
visks and Opportunities  I   Potentially Applicable Priority Issues
                                                  LIGHTING
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint or
  polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may be
  disturbed during lighting replacement. PCBs may
  be present in older fluorescent light ballasts that
  are not labeled "No PCBs" or "electronic."
• Mercury vapor or mercury-containing powder
  from broken fluorescent bulbs or improper use of
  drum-top crushers may be present.
• Lighting upgrades likely will reduce sensible
  heat loads, which may affect moisture removal
  performance of HVAC systems.
Opportunities:
• Remove and replace old fixtures containing
  hazardous materials with those that contain less
  hazardous materials.
• Properly dispose of lamps containing  mercury
  and fixtures containing PCBs.
                       2.0 Asbestos
                       3.0 Lead
                       4.0 PCBs
                       10.0 Building Products/Materials
                            Emissions
                       17.0 HVAC Equipment
                       22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
                       23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
                       24.0 Jobsite Safety
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
   Examples of Multifamily
     Residential Building
      Upgrade Projects
 Roof and Ceiling Assemblies
 •  Repairing or replacing
    the roof
 •  Upgrading roof and
    ceiling insulation
 •  Upgrading moisture
    protection
 •  Upgrading air sealing
   xamples of lAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
                                                BUILDING ENVELOPE
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs or
  mold may be disturbed.
• Installing spray polyurethane foam (SPF) may
  generate indoor contaminants.
• Moisture may be trapped behind spray foam
  insulation when installed under a low pitch
  wooden roof deck, creating the potential for
  hidden, structural roof damage and mold.
• Moisture may be trapped in insulation installed
  adjacent to drainage planes, vapor barriers or roof
  membranes.
• Sealing the building envelope may increase
  levels of indoor contaminants, including radon,
  combustion by-products, moisture and mold, and
  volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Adequate
  ventilation must be provided to dilute and remove
  indoor pollutants. Radon mitigation systems may
  become necessary.
Opportunities:
• Control for moisture by selecting moisture-
  resistant insulation, properly installing insulation
  materials, and ensuring surfaces and  assemblies
  with condensation potential are properly sealed
  and insulated to avoid dew-point conditions.
• Seal unwanted openings and leaks in  the
  building envelope to reduce air infiltration and
  conditions conducive to pest entry.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
 Wall Assemblies
 •  Repairing and sealing
    wall penetrations
 •  Upgrading wall  insulation
 •  Replacing windows
 •  Adding window film
    covering
 •  Repairing windows
 •  Sealing windows
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs or
  mold may be disturbed.
• Installing spray-polyurethane foam may generate
  indoor contaminants.
• Sealing the building envelope may increase
  levels of indoor contaminants, including radon,
  combustion by-products, moisture and mold, and
  VOCs. Adequate ventilation must be provided
  to dilute and  remove indoor pollutants. Radon
  mitigation systems may become necessary.
Opportunities:
• Control moisture and condensation potential on
  surfaces, install moisture-resistant insulation,
  and ensure proper exterior drainage and water
  management (e.g., include header and panned
  windowsill flashing during  window replacement).
• Seal unwanted openings and leaks in the
  building envelope to reduce infiltration and
  conditions conducive to pest entry.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
  Examples of Multifamily
    Residential Building
     Upgrade Projects
Concrete Floor Sealing
•  Repairing and sealing
   floor penetrations
•  Sealing cracks and joints
   in floors
•  Applying floor sealer/
   paint
  Examples of IAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
IAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs or
  mold may be disturbed.
• Sealing the building envelope may increase
  levels of indoor contaminants,  including radon,
  combustion by-products, moisture and mold, and
  VOCs. Adequate ventilation must be provided to
  dilute and  remove indoor pollutants.
Opportunities:
• Understand and appropriately manage moisture
  emission rates and select sealants/adhesives with
  low-VOC or no-VOC content/emissions.
• Reduce infiltration and conditions conducive to
  pest entry.
• Seal cracks and joints in floors, which may be an
  integral part of a radon mitigation system.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Moisture Barrier for Ground-
Level Slabs, Basement and
Crawlspace Floors
• Adding new moisture
  barriers
• Modifying or repairing
  existing moisture barriers
IAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs or
  mold may be disturbed.
• Uncovered dirt floor may contribute to excessive
  moisture migration into the building.
• Installing carpet or floor tile over concrete floor
  that has a persistent condensation or water
  pooling problem will likely lead to mold growth.
• An existing moisture barrier also  may be an
  integral part of a radon mitigation system or other
  belowground contaminant mitigation  measures
  and should not be disturbed.
• Uncovered dirt floors may  introduce pest
  populations and will promote rodent habitats.
Opportunities:
• Provide sealed moisture barrier over dirt
  foundation floors.
• Provide moisture barrier beneath concrete slabs.
• Select sealants/adhesives with low-VOC or no-
  VOC content/emissions.
• Select exposed poly films with proper flame and
  smoke ratings.
• Incorporate other radon mitigation and
  belowground contaminant mitigation  measures as
  needed.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
           Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES

-------
   Examples of Multifamily
     Residential Building
      Upgrade Projects
   xamples of lAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
                          HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) SYSTEMS
 Ducts, Fan Coils and Unit
 Ventilators
 • Adding or replacing ducts
 • Sealing and insulating air
   ducts
 • Altering or cleaning fan
   coil and unit ventilators
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, mold
  or other debris may be disturbed during duct
  installation, sealing or replacement.
• Improper condensate drainage can present an
  opportunity for bacterial or mold growth in units
  with cooling coils.
• Humid climates may require additional
  dehumidification when the outdoor air supply is
  increased.
• Ductwork that is not properly sealed and
  insulated can  lead  to condensation problems if it
  passes through unconditioned spaces.
• Improper modifications to HVAC systems can
  cause unbalanced flows  and pressures that can
  lead to increased intrusion of moisture,  radon
  and other belowground contaminants.
• Excessive moisture promotes pest infestation.
• Ventilation  systems may be contaminated with
  PCBs if PCBs  have migrated via indoor air from
  caulk and/or lighting ballasts that contain PCBs.
• Noisy ventilation systems may be turned off
  by occupants, which will negatively affect
  ventilation.
Opportunities:
• Contain and do not disturb areas of significant
  mold contamination until these areas can be
  remediated.
• Reduce entry of airborne contaminants into the
  building; maintain  interior humidity levels.
• Select low-VOC and formaldehyde-free products.
• Provide sealed and energy-efficient ducts.
• Provide proper ventilation; properly balanced
  HVAC systems can maintain positive
  pressurization indoors to reduce intrusion of
  moist air into the building envelope and interior
  zones and belowground contaminants and radon
  into the building.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
13.0 Ozone from Indoor Sources
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
  Examples of Multifami
    Residential Building
     Upgrade Projects
Outdoor Air Ventilation
(upgrades or modifications)
•  Outdoor air intakes and
   controls
•  Filtration of outdoor
   ventilation air and make-
   up air
•  Local exhaust for indoor
   areas with strong sources
   of pollutants
•  Additional
   dehumidification, as
   needed for humid
   climates
 lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint or PCBs
  may be disturbed during wall, roof or ceiling
  penetrations.
• Some locations may have strong outdoor
  pollutant sources in the proximity of outdoor air
  intakes.
• Smoking near outdoor air ventilation intakes
  can  increase indoor exposure to environmental
  tobacco smoke.
• Humid climates may require additional
  dehumidification when the outdoor air supply is
  increased.
• Excessive moisture promotes pest infestation.
• Noisy ventilation systems may be turned off
  by occupants, which  will negatively affect
  ventilation.
Opportunities:
• Ensure that  outdoor air controls are working
  properly, while control I ing for moisture.
• Ensure the proper location of outdoor air intakes.
• Ensure that  all occupied spaces are provided with
  adequate outdoor air ventilation.
• Ensure any filter status pressure sensors and
  switches are calibrated regularly.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
14.0 Environmental Tobacco Smoke
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Heating and Cooling
Systems
•  Boiler replacement
•  Steam trap replacement
   or maintenance
•  Pipe modifications:
   Converting from one-
   pipe to two-pipe
   steam systems OR
   Converting from two-pipe
   to four-pipe  heating and
   cool ing systems
•  System modifications:
   Converting from steam to
   hot-water systems
•  Control valves:
   Maintenance and
   additions
•  Combustion equipment
   replacement
•  Air conditioning system
   replacement
•  Additional
   dehumidification, as
   needed for humid
   climates
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs
  or mold may be disturbed during system or
  component replacement.
• Improperly vented combustion gases and
  occupant exposure to carbon monoxide are
  potential risks.
• Moisture or  mold may be present when the HVAC
  system  is turned off for extended periods.
• Poor humidity control  during cooling system
  operation can  result in mold growth and present
  opportunities for pest  infestations.
• Inadequate  humidifier maintenance can lead to
  microbiological problems.
Opportunities:
• Properly vent combustion gases and ensure that
  mechanical  rooms with combustion equipment
  have adequate make-up air and ventilation.
• Install and maintain carbon monoxide detection
  and warning equipment.
• Ensure  that combustion equipment and boilers
  are installed correctly  and  that make-up air
  registers are not blocked.
• Ensure  that air conditioning systems are properly
  sized and controlled to avoid humidity and
  moisture issues.
• Ensure  that well-maintained humidification
  equipment and controls are in place to promote
  occupant comfort and health during the heating
  season, as needed.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
13.0 Ozone from Indoor Sources
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES

-------
   Examples of Multifamily
     Residential Building
   xamples of lAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
 HVAC Controls to Monitor/
 Maintain IAQ (upgrades or
 modifications)
 • Temperature and
   humidity controls:
   Installation, replacement
   and/or calibration
 • Controls for outdoor air
   ventilation and exhaust
   airflow rates
 • Air filtration pressure
   sensors
 • Occupancy sensors
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material or lead paint may
  be disturbed during wall or ceiling penetrations.
• Mercury from removal of old mercury bulb
  thermostats may present a risk.
• Sensors that are not regularly calibrated may lead
  to IAQ problems.
• Poor humidity control during cooling system
  operation can result in mold growth and present
  opportunities for pest infestations.
• Inadequate operation and maintenance of
  humidifier controls can lead to microbiological
  problems.
• Improper HVAC controls can cause unbalanced
  flows and pressures that can lead to increased
  intrusion of  moisture, radon and other
  belowground contaminants.
• Improperly vented combustion  gases; occupant
  exposure to  carbon monoxide.
Opportunities:
• Control moisture to avoid  mold growth and pest
  infestations, and optimize occupant comfort.
• Monitor and maintain outdoor and exhaust airflow
  rates.
• Install and maintain carbon monoxide detection
  and warning equipment.
• Properly dispose of mercury-containing
  thermostats.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
 Hydronic Systems (upgrades
 or modifications)
 • Chilled water system
   optimization
 • Pipe insulation upgrades
   (chilled water, hot water,
   steam piping)
 • Hydronic or steam piping
   system changes
 • Cooling tower upgrades
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint or mold
  may be disturbed during system or component
  replacement.
• Moisture accumulation on cold surfaces can lead
  to mold growth and pest infestations.
• Legionella bacteria can grow in stagnant water,
  including hot water tanks.
• Poor maintenance of cooling tower may allow
  Legionella bacteria to grow, causing potential risk
  to maintenance personnel and occupants.
Opportunities:
• Control moisture to prevent mold growth and pest
  infestations and optimize occupant comfort.
• Manage building water systems and  cooling
  towers to minimize bacterial growth.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
  Examples of Multifamily
    Residential Building
     Upgrade Projects
Adhesives and Sealants
•  Application of materials
   used during energy
   upgrades for air sealing
•  Application of materials
   used for adhering and
   fastening components
  Examples of IAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
                                    MATERIALS SELECTION AND REPLACEMENT
IAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint or PCBs
  may be disturbed when removing previously
  installed adhesives or sealants.
• Weatherization and air sealing can reduce air
  exchange rates and result in elevated levels of
  contaminants indoors if there is inadequate
  ventilation.
Opportunities:
• Always select sealants and adhesives for indoor
  use with low-VOC or no-VOC content/emissions.
• Select outdoor sealants for long life to keep out
  water and, when possible, with low-VOC or
  no-VOC content/emissions.
• Ensure adequate outdoor air ventilation after
  weatherization and air sealing.
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Carpet and Flooring
•  Replacing existing carpet
•  Installing new carpet over
   uncarpeted areas
•  Replacing or repairing
   existing floor tiles
•  Installing new flooring
   over existing floor
   surfaces
IAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material (many floor tiles
  in older buildings were made of asbestos),  lead
  paint, mold or large quantities of dust may be
  disturbed.
• Carpet and flooring may be contaminated with
  PCBs if PCBs have migrated via indoor air from
  caulk and/or  lighting ballasts that contain PCBs.
Opportunities:
• Isolate the work area to reduce dust migration
  caused  by carpet and  flooring removal.
• Select low-VOC materials, including carpets,
  resilient flooring, adhesives and sealants.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
9.0 Tracked-ln Pollutants
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Painting
•  Removing old
   deteriorated paint
   (scraping and sanding)
•  Repainting existing
   surfaces
•  Painting new surfaces
IAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint or PCBs
  may be disturbed.
• Indoor surfaces may be contaminated with PCBs
  if PCBs have migrated via indoor air from caulk
  and/or lighting ballasts that contain  PCBs.
Opportunities:
• Select paint with low-VOC or no-VOC content/
  emissions and do not conduct dry sanding
  without rigorous containment.
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
           Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
   Examples of Multifamily
     Residential Building
               ^rejects
 Suspended Ceilings
 •  Repairing or replacing
    existing ceiling tiles
 •  Installing  new ceilings
   xamples of lAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material (including
  vermiculite insulation), fiberglass, mineral wool
  or other insulation materials may be disturbed.
• Ceiling tiles may be contaminated with lead paint
  or lead paint particles.
• Removal of ceiling tiles may expose pest
  infestations.
• Ceiling tiles may have water damage and/or mold
  growth.
• Ceiling materials may be contaminated with
  PCBs if PCBs have migrated from older, leaking
  lighting ballasts that contain PCBs.
Opportunities:
• Select low-emission materials, such as
  formaldehyde-free ceiling tiles.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
 Systems Operation and
 Maintenance
 • Check control systems
   and devices for evidence
   of improper operation on
   a regular schedule (e.g.,
   semiannually) and take
   corrective actions
 • Calibrate and periodically
   recalibrate sensors (e.g.,
   temperature, humidity)
 • Perform cooling unit
   drain pan maintenance
 • Replace filters
 • Clean supply diffusers,
   return registers and
   outside air intakes
 • Keep unit ventilators and
   other duct openings clear
   of obstructions
 • Perform regular system
   operational checks
 • Check occupancy sensors
                                          OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
lAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs or
  mold may be disturbed.
• Deferred maintenance can lead to system
  degradation and IAQ problems.
• Improperly maintained and uncalibrated sensors
  can lead to poor system performance and IAQ
  problems.
• Poor air filtration and maintenance can lead to
  clogged coils and a need for expensive cleaning
  that can be avoided with proper maintenance.
• Inadequate drain pan design or maintenance can
  lead to microbial contamination.
• Inadequately maintained combustion equipment
  can result in  improperly vented combustion gases
  and occupant exposure to carbon monoxide.
Opportunities:
• Ensure the proper operation and venting of
  combustion appliances.
• Install and maintain carbon monoxide detection
  and warning equipment.
• Control for moisture by maintaining humidity
  levels.
• Ensure that particle removal filtration systems are
  operating properly.
• Repair or adjust drain pans to drain completely.
• Ensure that occupancy sensors are operating
  properly.
• Implement a scheduled inspection and
  calibration/recalibration program (e.g.,
  semiannually) for measurement sensors, paying
  special attention to the systems that are intended
  to supply outdoor air ventilation.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
13.0 Ozone From  Indoor Sources
17.0 HVAC Equipment
18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
     Individual Dwelling Units
19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for  Multiple
     Dwelling Units Using Central
     Exhaust
20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered)
     Ventilation
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
  Examples of Multifamily
    Residential Building
     Upgrade Projects
Building Operations and
Maintenance
•  Deep extraction steam or
   hot water carpet cleaning
•  Pest control
•  Custodial operations
  Examples of IAQ/Health Risks and Opportunities
IAQ/Health Risks:
• Asbestos-containing material, lead paint, PCBs or
  mold may be disturbed.
• Cleaning chemicals and pesticides may aggravate
  allergies and asthma.
• Mold and moisture problems may occur if carpets
  do not dry quickly after spills or carpet cleaning.
• Smoking near outdoor air ventilation intakes
  can  increase indoor exposure to environmental
  tobacco smoke.
• Vehicle idling near outdoor air intakes can
  increase indoor exposure to vehicle exhaust
  contaminants.
Opportunities:
• Minimize chemical exposure to occupants and
  staff by using the least toxic materials.
• Reduce cleaning product  use through better use
  of cleaning equipment and cleaning process
  improvements.
• Minimize exposure to  pesticides through
  integrated pest management tactics.
• Always plan for thorough drying of carpets if
  steam or wet methods are used, especially during
  humid weather.
• Provide walk-off mats  to reduce track-in of
  pollutants.
• Ensure that  the building has a policy on tobacco
  use.
• Periodically retest areas of the building that have
  been mitigated for radon.
1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
2.0 Asbestos
3.0 Lead
4.0 PCBs
5.0 Radon
6.0 Belowground Contaminants
7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
8.0 Pests
9.0 Tracked-ln Pollutants
10.0 Building Products/Materials
     Emissions
11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
13.0 Ozone from Indoor Sources
14.0 Environmental Tobacco Smoke
17.0 HVAC Equipment
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction
24.0 Jobsite Safety
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Section 2
Assessment Protocols and
Recommended Actions

-------
Contaminants and Sources
                                                   Section  2:  Assessment  Protocols
                                                             and  Recommended Actions
  ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 1.1 Inspect for Moisture
 Problems and Document Results
 Inspect the interior and exterior
 of the building and the building's
 mechanical systems for evidence
 of moisture problems.  Examples
 of moisture and mold problems
 include the following:
 •  Water damage or stains (e.g., on
    walls, ceilings or floor coverings)
 •  Foundation cracks that leak
    water
 •  Signs of seepage or wicking
    (e.g., efflorescence, peeling
    paint, delaminating materials)
 •  Visible mold growth
 •  Mold growth in ductwork and
    plenums
 •  Wet or damp spots
 •  Musty odor
 •  Groundwater, surface water and
    rainwater intrusion
 •  Plumbing leaks
 •  Leakage though penetrations
    in the building envelope (e.g.,
    utility entry points)
 •  Condensation or moisture
    damage on and around windows
 •  Other condensation (consider
    surface temperature, relative
    humidity and dew  point
    temperature when  evaluating
    the potential for condensation
    problems)
 Document the extent and location
 of the problems and the proposed
 repairs.
                               PRIORITY ISSUE 1.0 MOISTURE CONTROL AND MOLD
)               MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
    MA 1.1 Repair Moisture Problems

        Repair moisture problems identified during the
    assessments (e.g., plumbing leaks; rain leaks,
    including leaks around windows and flashing; roof
    leaks; foundation leaks). It is important to correct a
    moisture problem at its source.
    MA 1.2 Conduct Required Mold Remediation
     'fXConduct any required mold remediation
    following professional guidance, such as EPA's Mold
    Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings
    guide and Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and
    Restoration Certification (IICRC) Mold Remediation
    Standard S520. Do not disturb mold growth without
    following professional guidelines.

    MA 1.3 Address Standing Water Problems
    Address standing water problems (e.g., surface
    water pooling near the foundation, water that does
    not drain from flat roofs and gutters).  Ensure that
    there is adequate slope and drainage away from
    the building. Correct standing water problems near
    foundations and crawlspaces before insulating and
    weatherizing.

    MA 1.4 Manage Rainwater
    Manage rainwater in assemblies that are included in
    the scope of work (e.g., using drainage planes and
    flashings). Ensure that there is adequate slope and
    drainage away from the building, particularly for
    downspouts that carry rainwater from the roof.
    MA 1.5 Ensure Proper HVAC Condensate Drainage
    Ensure that condensate collects in drain pans
    under cooling coils and exits via a deep seal trap.
    Standing water will accumulate if the drain pan
    system  has not been designed to drain completely
    under all operating conditions (sloped toward the
    drain and properly trapped). It is important to verify
    that condensate lines are properly trapped and
    charged with liquid.
   EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 1.1 Retrofit Crawlspaces
Where permitted by building
codes, retrofit crawlspaces so
that they are sealed, insulated,
ventilated with conditioned
air, properly drained and
waterproofed (see EPA's
Moisture Control Guidance for
Building Design, Construction
and Maintenance, and the 2012
International Building Code,
Section 1203.3.2). Install a
high capacity, energy-efficient
dehumidifier in the crawlspace if
the climate conditions warrant.
EA 1.2 Perform Additional Mold
Remediation Activities
Perform additional activities,
beyond those required  for the
building upgrade project, to
remediate any observed mold
growth. Follow EPA or other
professional guidance.
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
            Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
           Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                           PRIORITY ISSUE 1.0 MOISTURE CONTROL AND MOLD (continued)
     ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
                   MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
EXPANDED
 ACTIONS
   (EA)
 Notes:
 (1) Be aware of all rainwater drainage
    systems to ensure that all are
    functioning properly. In some older
    brick buildings, gutters may be found
    between brick and drywall/plaster.
 (2) If the assessments reveal that an
    atmospherically vented combustion
    device is causing an indoor humidity
    problem, it should be repaired
    in accordance with the guidance
    provided in Priority Issue 11.0 Vented
    Combustion Appliances.
 (3) Conduct assessments for all common
    areas and as many dwelling units as
    possible that are associated with the
    building upgrade.
 AP 1.2 Determine Whether Mold
    Remediation is Required
 Determine whether the project requires
 mold remediation and additional moisture
 control measures (e.g., as determined
 during a Weatherization  Assistance
 Program audit). Remember to identify
 the sources of moisture  problems.
 Isolate and contain areas of significant
 mold contamination until these areas
 can be remediated (see  MA 1.2; see
 EPA Mold Remediation in Schools and
 Commercial Buildings guide and IICRC
 Mold Remediation Standard S520 for
 additional information).
 AP 1.3 Identify Moisture Problems to
 Address/Repair Before Building Upgrades
 Document which  moisture problems will
 be addressed as part of the building
 upgrade project and which  must be
 repaired by the building owner, property
 manager,  or another contractor before the
 building upgrades are performed.

 ฃ9. The assessments also may reveal
 moisture problems that fall outside the
 scope of work for the  upgrade project
 (e.g., condensation or insulation
 problems) that should be communicated
 to the building owner  or property
 manager.
MA 1.6 Prevent Condensation in the Building Enclosure
Air seal the enclosure and manage air pressure relationships.
Note:
Air sealing the interface between the ceiling and attic also prevents
ice dams on roofs in cold, snowy climates.
Manage water vapor flow and condensing surface temperatures to
avoid dew point conditions within the thermal envelope, on interior
walls, or on other surfaces inside the building where the surface
temperature is expected to fall below the surrounding dew point
temperature. This is achieved by selection  of materials with an ap-
propriate combination of thermal insulation and vapor permeability.
Strictly follow all building codes for  vapor retarder  placement.
Ensure that all piping, valves and ductwork with condensation
potential  are adequately insulated to reduce moisture problems.
Perform a quality control review of insulation after  it is installed to
ensure that all surfaces are covered  with airtight, vapor-imperme-
able  insulation, including surfaces that will pass through uncondi-
tioned spaces.

     Control indoor humidity sources:
 • Ensure existing bath and kitchen exhaust fans are operating
   properly and vented directly to the outdoors.
 • Ensure clothes dryers exhaust directly to the  outdoors (in both
   dwelling units and common laundry rooms). Condensing clothes
   dryers piped to a drain are exempt.
 • Cover  earthen floors in basements and crawlspaces with sealed
   vapor  barriers and seal sump covers.
 • Ensure proper crawlspace ventilation that meets applicable
   building codes (e.g., ventilation openings through founda-
   tion walls per the 2012 International Building Code, Sec-
   tion 1203.3).
 • Ensure proper attic ventilation that meets applicable building
   codes (e.g., cross ventilation per  the 2012 International Build-
   ing Code Section 1203.2).
MA 1.7 Use HVAC Systems to Manage Moisture
Use  HVAC systems to manage moisture inside the  building:
 • Ensure proper sizing when specifying new or replacement air
   conditioning systems. Base calculations on post-upgrade project
   conditions. Use the Air Conditioning Contractors of America
   (ACCA) Manual J for low-rise residential applications, ACCA
   Manual N for commercial applications,  the ASHRAE Load
   Calculation Applications Manual, ASHRAE Standard 183, or
   ASHRAE Handbooks for HVAC load calculations. Use ACCA
   Manual S or ASHRAE Handbooks for equipment selection.
 • If it is not  possible to maintain the indoor relative humidity
   below 60%, evaluate whether the air conditioning system has
   an oversized design-sensible capacity or an undersized design-
   latent capacity.
      Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
    ASSESSMENT
  PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 1.4 Identify
 Moisture Problems
 That May Prevent
 Other Building
 Upgrades
 If there are
 significant
 moisture problems
 that cannot be
 addressed, do not
 install building
 upgrades that
 will reduce the
 building's air
 infiltration rate.
 Instances where this
 may be the case
 include buildings
 that have significant
 condensation
 or humidity
 problems, such as
 condensation on
 multiple windows,
 condensation in
 attics, or significant
 moisture or mold
 problems that are
 beyond the scope of
 the remedies under
 Minimum Actions.
                           PRIORITY ISSUE 1.0 MOISTURE CONTROL AND MOLD (continued)
                         MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 • Install dehumidifiers in humid climates to avoid moisture problems if
   individual air conditioning systems serving each dwelling unit cannot
   effectively control relative humidity below 60% under partial cooling load
   conditions.
 • Remove unvented combustion space heaters.
MA 1.8 Use Nonporous Materials in Moisture Prone Areas
Use moisture-resistant materials in areas likely to become wetted frequently. If
possible,  use seamless and slip-resistant materials.
Note:
Floor-covering manufacturers specify the maximum water vapor emission rate
of concrete over which coverings such as tile and carpet can be installed.
Installing a covering on concrete that exceeds the maximum emission rate may
cause the covering to fail, promote mold growth, and void the manufacturer's
warranty.  It is recommended that the water vapor emission rate of a floor be
measured before coverings are installed (even when the installation occurs long
after the building was constructed).
MA 1.9 Control  Moisture During Roofing Modifications
Take precautions to control moisture during roofing modifications. For example:
  •  Protect open roof areas from rain during construction.
  •  Design and  construct roofing systems and flashing details to ensure proper
    moisture barriers.
  •  Repair roof  leaks before air sealing or insulating the attic.
MA 1.10  Protect On-Site Materials From Moisture
Protect materials on-site from moisture damage. Do not install materials that
show visible signs of biological growth resulting from the presence of moisture.
Store and install all building products, systems and components in strict
accordance with the manufacturers' printed  instructions.
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
References for Priority Issue 1.0 Moisture Control  and Mold:

ACCA: Manual J Residential Load Calculation
ACCA: Manual N Commercial Load Calculation
ACCA: Manual S Residential Equipment Selection
ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2014)
ASHRAE: Load Calculation Applications Manual
ASHRAE: ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals
ASHRAE: ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Systems and Equipment
CDC-NIOSH: Dampness and Mold Assessment Tool
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades
EPA: Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance
EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings
IICRC: S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional  Mold Remediation
International Code Council: International  Building Code, 2012 Edition, Chapter 12 Sections 1203.2 and 1203.3
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES  FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                           PRIORITY ISSUE 2.0 ASBESTOS
         ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
           MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 AP 2.1 Determine Potential Asbestos Hazards
 Consider the age of the structure; older multifam-
 ily residential buildings in particular may have
 asbestos insulation or other asbestos-containing
 material (ACM). Although the production  and use
 of asbestos has declined, some building materials
 may still contain asbestos.
 Check to see if any replacement materials you
 intend to install might contain asbestos by reading
 the product labels, calling the manufacturer or
 asking the retailer to provide you with the Material
 Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)  for the product(s) in
 question.
 Complete all assessments for ACM prior to initiat-
 ing building upgrade tasks  that have the potential
 to disturb ACM (e.g., blower door testing  that often
 is performed during weatherization upgrades, see
 MA 2.4).
 Notes:
 Possible sources of asbestos include the  following:
  •  Insulation in attics and attic-like spaces
    (e.g., vermiculite)
  •  Wall insulation (e.g., vermiculite, insulation
    blocks)
  •  Hot  water and steam pipes coated with as-
    bestos material or covered with an asbestos
    blanket or tape
  •  Oil and coal furnaces and door gaskets with
    asbestos insulation
  •  Vinyl flooring (including 9"-by-9" or 12"-by-
    12" floor tiles, vinyl sheet flooring, and the
    mastics and other adhesives used to secure the
    flooring)
  •  Cement sheet, millboard, and paper used
    as insulation around furnaces and wood- or
    coal-burning appliances
  •  Soundproofing or decorative surface materials
    sprayed on walls or ceilings, including popcorn
    ceilings
  •  Patching, joint compounds and textured paints
    on walls and ceilings
  •  Roofing, shingles and siding (including cement
    or adhesives)
  •  Artificial ashes and embers (used in gas-fired
    fireplaces)
  •  Transite (cement and asbestos) pipe in water
    distribution and drainage systems, HVAC
    ducts,  combustion vents or transite flues
MA 2.1 Address ACM During Building Upgrades
and Use Accredited Personnel for Abatement or
Repair

     Suspected ACM in good condition can be
managed in place,  but take caution not to disturb
it. If suspected ACM is damaged (e.g., unravel-
ing, frayed or breaking apart), immediately isolate
the area(s) and consult a trained and accredited
asbestos professional to determine what corrective
measures should be taken. Trained and accredited
asbestos professionals must separate the work
area in question from occupied portions of the
building using appropriate containment practices.
For suspected ACM that must be disturbed as part
of the project, contact an  accredited and properly
trained asbestos professional for abatement or
repair,  in accordance with federal, state and local
requirements. Only a trained  and accredited asbes-
tos professional may abate, repair or remove ACM.
Contact your state asbestos regulatory agency for
information on how to find an accredited  asbestos
professional.
Note:
Typically, trained and accredited professionals can
repair asbestos by -
•  Sealing or Encapsulating: Treating the material
    with a sealant that binds  the asbestos fibers
    together or coats the material so fibers are not
    released.  Pipe,  furnace and boiler insulation
    often can be repaired  in this manner.
•  Covering or Enclosing: Placing a protective
    layer over or around the ACM to prevent release
    of fibers. Exposed insulated piping may be
    covered with a protective wrap or jacket.
•  Removing: Removing ACM may be advanta-
    geous when performing building upgrades or
    making major changes to a building that will
    disturb ACM or if ACM is damaged extensively
    and cannot be otherwise repaired (by covering,
    enclosing, sealing or encapsulating).
MA 2.2 Precautions for Working Around ACM
When working around ACM, do not:
•  Dust, sweep or  vacuum ACM debris.
•  Saw, sand, scrape or drill holes in the  material.
•  Use abrasive pads or brushes to strip materi-
    als.
    EXPANDED
  ACTIONS (EA)
This cell is
intentionally blank.
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES

-------
   ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
  •   Plaster that is old enough to
     potentially contain asbestos
  The EPA vermiculite website refer-
  enced below includes photos to aid
  in  the identification of vermiculite
  insulation.
 AP  2.2 Contact a Trained and
 Accredited Asbestos Professional if
 Unsure Whether Material Contains
 Asbestos
 Generally,  it is not possible to tell if
 a material contains asbestos unless
 it is labeled. The only way to be sure
 whether a  material contains asbestos
 is to have  it tested by a qualified
 laboratory. EPA recommends testing
 suspect materials only if they are
 damaged (fraying, crumbling) or if
 a planned  building upgrade would
 disturb the suspect material. If
 unsure whether material contains
 asbestos, contact a trained and
 accredited asbestos professional to
 assess, sample and test the material,
 as needed. Notify the building owner
 and/or property manager of any ACM
 identified during the assessments.
                                      PRIORITY ISSUE 2.0 ASBESTOS (continued)
                  MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 2.3 Ensure Insulation is Asbestos-Free Before Disturbing
Do not remove or disturb insulation that looks like vermiculite
(e.g., attic or wall insulation). Because confirming whether ver-
miculite contains asbestos by testing is unreliable, EPA recom-
mends assuming it contains asbestos and managing accordingly.
Specifically, EPA recommends the following precautions:
•  Leave vermiculite insulation undisturbed in attics or walls.
•  Do not store boxes or other items in an attic if it contains
   vermiculite insulation.
•  Hire a professional asbestos contractor if there are plans to
   remodel or conduct renovations that would disturb vermicu-
   lite in attics or walls to make sure that the material is safely
   handled and/or removed.
MA 2.4 Conduct Asbestos Abatement Before Blower Door Test-
ing and Air Duct Testing
Any asbestos abatement or  repair work should be completed by
properly trained and accredited professionals prior to blower door
testing and air duct testing. Exercise appropriate caution when
conducting blower door testing where friable asbestos or vermic-
ulite attic insulation is present to avoid drawing asbestos fibers
into the living space (i.e., use positively pressurized  blower door
testing and do not blow air on or over friable asbestos materials).
Do not conduct air leakage tests (e.g., duct  blaster tests) on
ductwork that contains asbestos insulation.
Note:
                                           \ppropriate identification of ACM is necessary to ensure the
                                     continued safety of the occupants and the safety of workers, who
                                     may not be aware of asbestos hazards. If ACM may be disturbed
                                     during a planned project, a properly trained and accredited
                                     asbestos professional should conduct an initial assessment to
                                     determine potential worker exposures and required exposure
                                     controls.
                                          Asbestos awareness training is recommended for building
                                     upgrade workers, especially work planners and crew chiefs.
    EXPANDED
  ACTIONS (EA)
This cell is
intentionally blank.
References for Priority Issue  2.0 Asbestos:
Building Performance Institute (BPI): Technical Standards for the Heating Professional
EPA: Asbestos
EPA: Asbestos in the Home: A Homeowner's Guide
EPA: Asbestos NESHAP
EPA: Monitoring Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)
EPA: Protect Your Family from Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite Insulation
EPA: State Asbestos Contacts
National Institute of Standards and Technology (MIST): National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) Asbestos Fiber Analysis LAP
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Asbestos
OSHA: Asbestos, Construction
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
            Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                              'RIORITY ISSUE 3.0 LEAD
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 3.1 Determine Whether There is
 Lead-Based Paint
 Assume there is lead-based  paint in
 multifamily residential buildings built
 before 1978 unless testing shows
 otherwise. Recognize, however, that
 lead-based paint may be present in any
 building.
 Note:
 EPA's Lead Renovation, Repair and
 Painting Rule (RRP Rule) requires that
 firms performing renovation, repair and
 painting projects that disturb lead-
 based paint in homes built before  1978
 (including many of the projects envi-
 sioned in this document) have their firm
 certified by EPA (or an EPA-authorized
 state), use certified renovators who
 are trained by EPA-accredited training
 providers,  and follow specific lead-safe
 work practices.
 If unsure whether there is lead-based
 paint, consider one of the following
 options:
 •  Hire an RRP-certified contractor to
    test  for lead using an EPA-recog-
    nized test kit (available at hardware
    stores). The certified contractor
    has  been directed to follow spe-
    cific instructions to get accurate
    results. Note that testing performed
    by uncertified people, including
    landlords or property managers, is
    not sufficient. To learn more about
    EPA-recognized test kits, visit the
    EPA Lead Test Kits Web page.
 •  Hire a  certified  professional to check
    for lead-based paint. A certified in-
    spector or risk assessor can conduct
    an inspection to determine whether
    a home or a portion of a home  has
    lead-based paint and where it is
    located.
 •  For help finding a certified risk as-
    sessor, inspector or RRP contractor,
    call  the National Lead Information
    Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323).
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 3.1 Comply with EPA's Lead RRP
Rule if Disturbing More Than 6 Square
Feet of Interior or 20 Square Feet of
Exterior Painted Surfaces
Among the rule's key elements are the
following:
•   Use a trained and certified renovator
    employed by a lead-safe certified
    firm.
•   Follow lead-safe work practices.
•   Contain the work area to avoid occu-
    pant exposure.
•   Minimize lead dust and leave no
    dust or debris behind.
•   Achieve visual post-cleaning criteria.
•   Comply with state and  local lead-re-
    lated regulations, which may be
    applicable to lead hazard reduction
    activities and may require additional
    certified  personnel.
Note:
        This is not a complete summary
of the regulatory requirements. The in-
tent of this Guide is to promote the most
health-protective steps that are feasible
and practical.  The minimum action
recommended in this Guide is to comply
with whatever  the most current version
of the RRP Program Rule prescribes and
with all local and state regulations that
may apply.
MA 3.2 Inform Maintenance Staff
on Requirements for Lead-Safe Work
Practices
Inform maintenance staff that if they
will be disturbing  lead paint, they must
be trained and certified under EPA's
RRP program for lead-safe work practic-
es. This includes ensuring the informa-
tion distribution requirements of EPA's
RRP program are met. See Small Entity
Compliance Guide to Renovate Right:
EPA's  Lead-Based Paint Renovation,
Repair, and  Painting Program.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 3.1 Comply with Expanded Re-
quirements Including HUD's Lead-Safe
Rehabilitation Practices and EPA Lead
Hazard Standards
•  Follow the U.S. Department of Hous-
   ing and Urban Development (HUD)
   lead-safe rehabilitation practices. In
   addition to EPA's RRP Rule, these
   HUD practices include:
   o  Lowered thresholds for interior
      painted surface area, from 6
      square feet to 2 square feet.
   o  Requirements for repair of
      painted surfaces that are dis-
      turbed when using lead-safe work
      practices.
.  JH Nr Ensure that EPA lead hazard
   standards are met,  including re-
   quirements for no deteriorated paint
   and for meeting lead dust clearance
   testing standards. Dust testing must
   be done by an  EPA- or state-certified
   inspector or risk assessor. If the job
   affects an outdoor area, ensure that
   EPA soil hazard standards also are
   met.
Note:
Lead dust clearance testing includes
measuring for  lead dust on floors,
windowsills and window troughs. See
EPA Hazard Standards for Lead in Paint,
Dust and Soil (TSCA Section 403).
EA 3.2 Replace Windows Containing
Lead-Based Paint
Replace windows that  test positive for
lead-based paint,  complying with EPA's
RRP Rule and  other regulations that
may be applicable to lead hazard reduc-
tion activities.
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
     Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 •  Notify the building owner and/or
    property manager of any lead-based
    paint identified during the assess-
    ments.
 Note: The lead-safe work practices (see
 Minimum Actions and Expanded Ac-
 tions) apply unless paint is tested and
 found NOT to be lead-based.
 AP 3.2 Determine Area of Paint That
 Will be Disturbed
 Determine whether any suspected lead-
 based paint will be disturbed by the
 project and, if so, the size of the lead-
 based paint area that will be
 disturbed.
                                        PRIORITY ISSUE 3.0 LEAD (continued)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
                                EA 3.3 Ensure All Paint Used in the
                                Future Is Lead-Free
                                Some coatings are exempt from
                                lead-containing paint regulations.
                                These include coatings for industrial
                                equipment and those used for building
                                and equipment maintenance coatings.
                                Recommend the building owner and
                                property manager ensure that all future
                                paint applications in the building are
                                lead-free. See the Consumer Product
                                Safety Commission's (CPSC) Lead in
                                Paint: Overview and Product-Specific
                                FAQs.
References for Priority Issue  3.0  Lead:
CPSC: Lead in Paint: Overview and Product-Specific FAQs
EPA:  Lead Test Kits
EPA:  Hazard Standards for Lead in Paint, Dust and Soil (TSCA Section 403)
EPA:  Lead
EPA:  Lead: Details on Certification Requirements for Firms
EPA:  Locate an RRP Training Class or Provider in Your Area
EPA:  Locate Certified Inspection, Risk Assessment, and Abatement Firms
EPA:  Renovation,  Repair and Painting Program
EPA:  Small Entity Compliance Guide To Renovate Right: EPA's Lead-Based  Paint Renovation, Repair, and Painting Program
EPA:  Steps to Lead Safe Renovation, Repair and Painting
HUD: The Lead-Safe Housing Rule
OSHA: Lead
            Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                             PRIORITY ISSUE 4.0 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS)
  ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 4.1 Determine Whether Fluo-
 rescent Light Ballasts Containing
 PCBs Are Present
 Some multifamily residential build-
 ings may contain fluorescent light
 fixtures with ballasts manufactured
 before 1979 that contain PCBs.
 Ballasts manufactured between
 July 1, 1978 and July 1, 1998
 that do not contain PCBs were
 required to be labeled  "No PCBs."
 Newer fluorescent lighting typically
 uses electronic ballasts that do
 not contain PCBs and should be
 clearly marked as electronic.
 If fluorescent light ballasts do  not
 have the statement "No PCBs"
 or are not marked  as electronic,
 assume that the ballasts contain
 PCBs or contact the manufacturer
 to determine whether the ballasts
 contain PCBs. If the manufacturer
 is not sure whether the ballasts
 contain PCBs, assume that they
 do.
 AP 4.2 Assess Caulk That Will Be
 Disturbed
 Assess whether caulk will be
 disturbed during the building up-
 grade activities. Consider the age
 of the structure, since  buildings
 built or renovated  between  1950
 and 1979  may be more likely to
 contain PCBs in caulk. Typical
 locations include around windows,
 door frames, masonry columns and
 other masonry materials.
 Note:
 PCBs were not added to caulk after
 1979; however, caulk containing
 PCBs manufactured before 1979
 could have been used in buildings
 after that time.
                   MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
    MA 4.1 Replace PCB-Containing Fluorescent Light Ballasts
Whether PCBs are confirmed or assumed to be present, new lighting
fixtures can be used to replace the existing fixtures. PCB-contain-
ing fluorescent light ballasts that are leaking must be replaced and
properly disposed of pursuant to EPA regulations, as described
in 40 CFR Part 761 Subpart D. Any oil and stains leaked from
PCB-containing ballasts also must be properly cleaned up or dis-
posed of in accordance with the PCB decontamination or disposal
regulations. EPA recommends that non-leaking PCB-containing flu-
orescent light ballasts also be replaced because of their increased
likelihood to fail and leak and because of the increased energy
efficiency of new ballasts.
    MA 4.2 Address Caulk Potentially Containing PCBs When It
Will be Disturbed During Building Upgrades
If PCBs are potentially present in caulk and the caulk will be dis-
turbed during the building upgrades (e.g., window or door replace-
ment, improved weatherization sealing), take steps to minimize
exposure. For more information,  goto Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) in Building  Materials.
    MA 4.3 Properly Dispose of PCB-Containing Light Ballasts,
Caulk and Other Materials
When removing PCB-containing light ballasts, caulk and other
materials contaminated by PCBs, specific notification, packing,
reporting, storage, transportation and disposal requirements apply,
see 40 CFR  Part 761. Ensure that waste management also meets
local and state requirements. Document and store copies of all
test results.  Include documentation of all sampling locations and
disposal measures, including disposal companies used and final
destination of waste materials.
EPA Regional PCB Coordinators are a resource for all  PCB issues.
Note:
Fluorescent light bulbs contain small amounts of mercury. Ensure
that the bulbs are handled properly to avoid breakage and the
release of contaminants. More information on fluorescent bulb
disposal requirements may be  obtained from your state solid and
hazardous waste agencies. See Priority Issue 23.0 Protecting IAQ
During Construction for more information on limiting exposure to
mercury.
   -XPANDED
  ACTIONS (EA)
This cell is
intentionally
blank.
References for Priority Issue 4.0 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs):
EPA: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Building Materials
EPA: PCB-Containing Fluorescent Light Ballasts (FLBs) in School Buildings
EPA: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
EPA: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, And Use Prohibitions, 40 CFR Part 761
    Subpart D—Storage and Disposal
EPA: Recycling Mercury-Containing Light Bulbs (Lamps)
EPA: Regional PCB Contacts
EPA: Steps to Safe Renovation and Abatement of Buildings That Have PCB-Containing Caulk
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES  FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                            'RIORITY ISSUE 5.0 RADON
   ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
AP 5.1 Select a Radon-Testing Profes-
sional
Qualified measurement professionals
are individuals who have demonstrat-
ed a  minimum degree of appropriate
technical knowledge and skills specif-
ic to radon testing in large buildings
(1) as required by a state licensing or
certification program, as applicable,
or (2) as established in certification
requirements of the National  Radon Pro-
ficiency Program or the National  Radon
Safety Board.
Those who wish to perform their own
radon testing may learn more about ob-
taining a radon test kit at EPA's Where
Can  I Get a Radon Test Kit? website.
AP 5.2 Test Either (1) Both Pre- and
Post-Upgrade Work or (2) Only Post-Up-
grade Work
Follow sampling guidance in American
Association of Radon Scientists & Tech-
nologists (AARST) Protocol for Conduct-
ing Radon and Radon Decay Product
Measurements in Multifamily Buildings,
MAMF-2012, summarized below.
•  Sample all dwelling units in contact
   with the ground.
•  Sample all common areas and office
   spaces in contact with the ground.
•  Sample nonresidential rooms or
   areas (e.g., utility rooms,  storage
   rooms, and maintenance rooms) in
   contact with the ground that:
     o Can be occupied with  little or no
      modification.
     o Are occupied more than 4 hours
      a day.
     o Have air communication with
      areas that can be occupied (e.g.,
      via pathways such as stairwells,
      air-handling equipment, elevator
      shafts).
•  Sample 10% of dwelling units on
   each higher floor or, if 10% is less
   than one unit, sample at least one
   dwelling unit on each higher floor.
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 5.1 Take Precautionary Measures
Before Completing Energy Efficiency
Upgrade Activities
Before completing upgrade activities,
take precautionary measures listed
in the first column of Table 2: Radon
Testing Options and  Reduction Strate-
gies, depending on pre-work radon test
results.
MA 5.2 Follow Minimum Actions in
Table  2 According To Post-Work Radon
Test Results
After work is complete, follow the
appropriate Minimum Actions outlined
in Table 2: Radon Testing Options and
Reduction Strategies, depending on
post-work radon test results. If more
than one sample was taken in a dwelling
unit or nonresidential room, average the
results for that specific location. Do  not
average results across dwelling units or
building levels.
When the pre-work radon level is > 2
pCi/L, complete precautionary founda-
tion air sealing strategies:
•   Cover exposed earthen floors in
    basements and crawlspaces accord-
    ing to Section 1.2 of EPA's Indoor
    airPLUS Construction Specifica-
    tions.
•   Air seal sumps (e.g.,  install  an
    airtight sump cover) in such a way
    that water can drain from above  and
    below the sump cover.
•   Install airtight drain fittings (e.g.,
    trap or flange system) in foundation
    floor drains.
•   Seal and caulk penetrations, open-
    ings or cracks in below-grade walls
    and floors that contact the ground
    with a sealant that meets the re-
    quirements of ASTM  C920-14a.
Note:
These foundation air sealing strategies
also are important elements of radon
mitigation according to AARST Radon
Mitigation Standards for Multifamily
Buildings, RMS-MF2014.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 5.1 Follow Expanded Actions Listed
in Table 2 According To Post-Work Ra-
don Test Results
See Table  2: Radon Testing Options
and Reduction Strategies for Expanded
Actions to reduce radon exposure.
 •  Mitigate according to AARST Radon
    Mitigation Standards for Multifamily
    Buildings, RMS-MF2014.
 •  If the post-work radon level is
    between 2 and 4 pCi/L, the building
    owner  and/or property manager may
    refer to EPA's Citizen's Guide to
    Radon.
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                            PRIORITY ISSUE 5.0 RADON
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 Note:
 Testing on every floor is necessary
 to (1) assess whether radon from a
 ground-contact source  is travelling up-
 wards through the building via a chase,
 shaft or other pathway; and (2) assess
 whether there are building materials
 that emit radon. In higher floors where
 only one dwelling unit is tested, it can
 be useful to test a dwelling unit adja-
 cent to potential radon pathways such
 as a stairwell or elevator shaft.
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
If radon levels increase from less than
4 pCi/L to 4 pCi/L or higher, complete
radon mitigation consistent with AARST
Radon Mitigation Standards for Mul-
tifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
Long-term (90-day) samples should be
used to confirm post-upgrade results.
Follow the same mitigation approach  if
no pre-work levels were taken and the
post-work radon level  is > 4 pCi/L.
MA 5.3 Notify the Building Owner/Prop-
erty Manager About Radon-Reduction
Measures
Notify the building owner and/or prop-
erty manager about the test results and
radon-reduction measures that were
implemented. Inform  the building owner
and/or property manager  that the radon
testing protocols were completed to en-
sure that the building upgrade work did
not introduce indoor radon problems,
but the protocols did not necessarily
mitigate a prior radon problem in the
building. Advise the building owner and/
or  property manager to perform periodic
retesting in  areas of the building that
have been mitigated for radon. Encour-
age the building owner and/or property
manager to  provide occupants with
information about radon testing results
and mitigation/risk-reduction measures.
Owners should consult EPA's A Citizen's
Guide to Radon for more information
about radon risk and mitigation strate-
gies.
EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES

-------
Table 2: Radon Testing Options and Reduction Strategies1
         Pre-Work
      Test Result and
   Precautionary Measures
 < 2 pCi/L

 Consider precautionary
 radon-reduction actions as
 part of building upgrade
 work, especially covering
 exposed earth,  air sealing
 open sumps, and ensuring
 floor drains have traps and
 that the traps are not dry.
 Post-Work
 Test Result
< 2 pCi/L
> 2 and
< 4 pCi/L
                           >4pCi/L
          Minimum Actions
No further minimum action.
            Expanded Actions
Complete foundation air sealing
strategies.
             Mitigate in accordance with AARST
             Radon Mitigation Standards for
             Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
For post-work radon levels between 2 and
4 pCi/L, refer the building owner/property
manager to EPA's A Citizen's Guide to
Radon and Consumer's Guide to Radon
Reduction and/or mitigate in accordance
with AARST Radon Mitigation Standards
for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
 > 2 and < 4 pCi/L

 Take precautionary
 radon-reduction actions:
 complete foundation air
 sealing strategies as part of
 building upgrade work.
< 4 pCi/L
and NOT
higher than
pre-work
level.
No further minimum action.
For post-work radon levels between 2 and
4 pCi/L, refer building owner/property
manager to EPA's A Citizen's Guide to
Radon and Consumer's Guide to Radon
Reduction and/or mitigate in accordance
with AARST Radon Mitigation Standards
for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
                           < 4 pCi/L
                           AND higher
                           than pre-
                           work level.
            Verify that foundation air sealing
            strategies were completed appropriately
            and correct deficiencies.
                                     For post-work radon levels between 2 and
                                     4 pCi/L, refer building owner/property
                                     manager to EPA's A Citizen's Guide to
                                     Radon and Consumer's Guide to Radon
                                     Reduction and/or mitigate in accordance
                                     with AARST Radon Mitigation Standards
                                     for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
                           >4pCi/L
             Mitigate in accordance with AARST
             Radon Mitigation Standards for
             Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
 > 4 pCi/L

 Complete all foundation air
 sealing strategies as part of
 building upgrade work.
< 4 pCi/L
No further minimum action.
For post-work radon levels between 2 and
4 pCi/L, refer building owner/property
manager to EPA's A Citizen's Guide to
Radon and Consumer's Guide to Radon
Reduction and/or mitigate in accordance
with AARST Radon Mitigation Standards
for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
                           >4pCi/L
             Refer building owner to EPA's
             A Citizen's Guide to Radon and
             recommend radon mitigation in
             accordance with AARST Radon
             Mitigation Standards for Multifamily
             Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.	
                                     Mitigate in accordance with AARST Radon
                                     Mitigation Standards for Multifamily
                                     Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
 No Pre-Work Test

 Consider precautionary
 radon-reduction actions as
 part of building upgrade
 work, especially covering
 exposed earth,  air sealing
 open sumps, and ensuring
 floor drains have traps and
 that the traps are not dry.
< 4 pCi/L
No further minimum action.
For post-work radon levels between 2 and
4 pCi/L, refer building owner/property
manager to EPA's A Citizen's Guide to
Radon and Consumer's Guide to Radon
Reduction and/or mitigate in accordance
with AARST Radon Mitigation Standards
for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
>4pCi/L
Mitigate in accordance with AARST
Radon Mitigation Standards for
Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014.
References for Priority Issue 5.0 Radon:
AARST: Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings, ANSI/AARST MAMF-2012
AARST: Radon Mitigation Standards for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014
ASTM: C920-14a Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
EPA: A Citizen's Guide to Radon
EPA: Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction
EPA: Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications
EPA: Map of Radon Zones Including State Radon Information and Contacts
EPA: Where Can I Get a Radon Test Kit?

1. Note: If the building upgrade involves installation of insulation that moves the thermal boundary to the roof, making the attic a conditioned space, take
  precautions to ensure that any active radon mitigation system does not result in radon levels that are equal to or greater than 4 pd/L in the attic.
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                        PRIORITY ISSUE 6.0 BELOWGROUND CONTAMINANTS (EXCEPT RADON)
       ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 6.1 Evaluate Potential Sources and Odors
 Perform a walkthrough inspection and visually
 evaluate potential sources and check for
 gasoline, sewer gas, or fuel oil odors. Pay
 particular attention to ground-contact spaces,
 mechanical rooms, and areas with drain,
 waste and vent piping.
 AP 6.2 Evaluate the Sewer Vent System
 Visually evaluate the integrity of the  sewer
 vent system (e.g., ensure drain traps have
 water in them, inspect drain  lines for breaks
 or leaks, check for apparent blockages),
 particularly if there is sewer gas odor in the
 building (e.g., during the initial assessment or
 a fan depressurization test).
 AP 6.3 Take Proper Actions if the Odor
 Source Cannot be Identified
 If an odor is detected but its source cannot
 be identified, and the building is in a known
 area of contamination, notify local or state
 authorities and/or pursue additional assess-
 ments before  continuing project work.
 AP 6.4 Conduct Further Assessment if
 Contamination is Suspected
 If soil or groundwater contamination is
 suspected on  or near the building site (e.g.,
 former industrial site), volatile contaminants
 or breakdown products may pose an  IAQ
 risk through soil gas intrusion. In such
 cases, EPA recommends further assessment
 before air sealing. Consult your state or
 tribal voluntary Brownfields cleanup  program
 or environmental regulatory agency for
 information on the risks  of vapor intrusion in
 your area. ASTM E2600 describes a tiered
 approach for screening properties for vapor
 intrusion and Table X5.1 of the standard
 provides a list of state vapor-intrusion
 guidance websites.
 Note:
 A records search of the property and
 surrounding areas may provide information
 regarding past uses and spill reports.
          MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 6.1 Repair Unattached Sewer Vent System
Components
Repair or replace failed or unattached sewer
vent system components before proceeding with
building upgrade projects.
MA 6.2 Address Drain Traps Prone to Drying Out
If the  assessments reveal  sewer gas odors from
drain traps that are dry because of infrequent
use, develop a maintenance plan to periodically
add water to the traps to maintain a seal against
sewer gases. Consider installing inline drain trap
seals on floor drains prone to drying out.
Note:
Because of their continuous usage,  drain traps
in sinks, toilets and drinking fountains seldom
are a problem. Usually it is a floor drain in an
obscure location, such as a mechanical room
or a maintenance closet. Dry drain traps in
mechanical rooms are especially problematic
because mechanical rooms often contain
heating, cooling and ventilation systems that
can quickly spread the gases and odors to other
parts of the building. Unitary equipment (e.g.,
heat pumps) can have dry drain traps, which
often results in the undesirable odors being
limited to one room.
MA 6.3 Mitigate Soil Gas Vapor Intrusion
If soil gas vapor intrusion  is confirmed during
the assessments, mitigate in compliance with
state or local standards. Table X5.1  of ASTM
E2600 provides a list  of state vapor intrusion
guidance websites. If there are no state or local
standards for your area, follow the EPA guidance
referenced below for vapor intrusion evaluation
and mitigation.
Note:
The causes or sources of contaminants must
be identified and corrected before air sealing or
other building upgrade actions are performed to
ensure the problem is not exacerbated.
EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 6.1 Install Floor Drain
Seals to Untrapped Floor
Drains
If there are untrapped
floor drains, install inline
floor drain seals to provide
protection against sewer
gases.
EA 6.2 Install Automatic
Drain Trap Primers
Install automatic drain
trap  primers, available
from several major
manufacturers, in drain
traps that are susceptible
to drying out to ensure that
a small amount of water
is periodically delivered to
the trap.
EA 6.3 Take Proper
Measures for Brownfields
Sites During New
Construction or Building
Expansion
Projects located on
Brownfields sites (as
classified by a federal,
state or local government
agency)  involving
new  construction or
expansion of a ground-
level foundation should
include features to
prevent migration of
soil-gas contaminants
into occupied spaces, as
described in the ASHRAE
Indoor Air Quality Guide,
Strategy 3.4.
References for Priority Issue 6.0 Belowground Contaminants (Except  Radon):
ASHRAE: Indoor Air Quality Guide, Strategy 3.4
ASTM: E2600-10 Standard Guide for Vapor Encroachment Screening on Property Involved
                               Real Estate Transactions
EPA: Building Air Quality Action Plan, Step 2: Develop an IAQ Profile of Your Building, Part 2: Conduct a Walkthrough
EPA: Engineering Issue. Indoor Vapor Intrusion Mitigation Approaches
EPA: IAQ Design Tools for Schools. Preventing the Entry of Pollutants from Outside the Building. Drain Traps
EPA: Technical Guide for Assessing and Mitigating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway from Subsurface Vapor Sources to Indoor Air
EPA: Vapor Intrusion
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                  PRIORITY ISSUE 7.0 GARAGE AIR POLLUTANTS
   ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
AP 7.1 Identify Location and Configura-
tion of Attached Garages
Identify whether the building has any
attached garages. Underground or
tucked-under garages, with or without
openings to the outdoors, should be
considered as attached garages. An
attached carport not open to the outside
on at least two sides also should be
considered an attached garage.
AP 7.2 Check for HVAC Systems Inside
Garage
Identify whether HVAC components
(such  as air-handling equipment and
ductwork) serving occupied spaces are
inside the envelope of the attached
garage(s).
AP 7.3 Locate Air Leaks
Using ASTM El 186-03 (2009), identify
all air leaks between the attached ga-
rage(s) and occupied spaces that share
a surface with the garage.
AP 7.4 Determine Presence of Combus-
tion Engines
Identify whether any combustion en-
gines other than automobiles and trucks
are operated in the attached garage(s).
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 7.1 Eliminate or Minimize Unwant-
ed Air Transfer to Dwelling Units Via
Mechanical Equipment and Ductwork
Do not install in a garage new HVAC
equipment or ductwork that serves occu-
pied spaces.
For existing air-handling equipment and
ductwork that serves occupied spaces
and is located in a garage:
•   Air seal all ductwork and fittings.
    Seal seams, plenums and ductwork
    with tape and mastic systems that
    meet the applicable requirements
    of UL 181A or UL 181B, or gasket
    systems.
•   Seal gaps around ductwork, pipes
    and cables that penetrate the
    common walls, floors and ceilings
    separating occupied spaces from
    garages.
•   Because existing air handler cabi-
    nets are likely to have high leakage
    rates, seal access panel edges with
    tape to allow future servicing and
    permanently seal all other cabinet
    openings.
•   Disconnect and remove supply
    diffusers and return grilles in the
    garage that connect to ductwork
    and air handlers serving occupied
    spaces; close with end caps and air
    seal  the gaps.
•   If the air handler is part of a natural
    or induced draft furnace, replace
    the furnace with a power vent or
    sealed combustion appliance or
    provide all combustion air from the
    outdoors according to ANSI Z223.lt
    NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code
    or the 2012 International Fuel Gas
    Code. In low-rise buildings, place
    combustion air openings in a vented
    attic, where possible.
Note:
Cold climate combustion air louvers
directed to the outdoors may require
interlocked mechanical dampers to
prevent pipe freezing.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 7.1 Remove Air-Handling Equipment
from Garages
Relocate air-handling equipment that
serves occupied spaces from the garage
to an area within  conditioned space.
EA 7.2 Perform Additional Efforts to
Compartmentalize Garages from Occu-
pied Spaces
• Where concrete block or other
   air-permeable material is in place
   between a garage and conditioned
   space, provide an air barrier mem-
   brane or coating on the garage side
   of common surfaces to occupied
   space.
• Construct a vestibule at doorways
   leading from the garage into the
   occupied portions of the building
   and  exhaust vent the vestibule to
   the outdoors.
• Enhance the effectiveness  of the
   garage exhaust system.  Consider
   designing the garage exhaust system
   so that a portion of the exhaust is
   used to depressurize common walls,
   floors, and ceilings that separate the
   garage from occupied space.
Note:
When sealing, the air barrier assembly
must have been evaluated by the Air
Barrier Association of America (ABAA)
and installed according to manufacturer
specifications.  Fire rated assemblies
must be sealed using approved fire-rated
materials. The fire rating requirements
supersede the ABAA evaluation require-
ment.
EA 7.3 Recommend Removal of Com-
bustion  Engine-Operated Equipment
inside the Garage
Advise the building owner or proper-
ty manager  to remove all combustion
engine-operated equipment (except
automobiles and trucks) from inside the
garage, where feasible.
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
  ASSESSMENT
   PROTOCOLS
      (AP)
                              PRIORITY ISSUE 7.0 GARAGE AIR POLLUTANTS (continued)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                  MA 7.2 Compartmentalize Garage from Occupied Spaces:
                  Isolate the garage from adjacent occupied spaces. For large openings, use sealed
                  gypsum wall board in conformance with the 2012 International Building Code
                  requirements for fire and smoke separation (i.e., at least ฅ2" thick on the walls and at
                  least 54" thick on the ceiling separating the garage and the occupied spaces above).
                  Tightly seal all penetrations, including electrical, plumbing and duct penetrations
                  through common walls, floors and ceilings separating occupied spaces from garages.
                  •  In occupied conditioned spaces above the garage, seal all connecting floor  and
                     ceiling joist bays.
                  •  In occupied conditioned spaces next to the garage, apply weather stripping to  all
                     doors, and seal all cracks at or between the mud sill, rim joists, subfloors and/or the
                     bottom of gypsum board.
                  •  Ensure a carbon  monoxide alarm is installed in every room that shares a floor,  ceiling
                     or wall with the garage.
                  If possible, include a vestibule that provides  an airlock between the garage and adjacent
                  occupiable spaces, or provide self-closing gasketed doors with deck-to-deck partitions or
                  a  hard lid ceiling.
                  Note:
                  When air sealing, the air barrier assembly must have been evaluated by the ABAA  and
                  installed according to manufacturer specifications.  Fire-rated assemblies must be  sealed
                  using approved fire-rated materials. The fire rating requirements supersede the ABAA
                  evaluation requirement.
                  Provide an exhaust fan in the garage, vented  directly to the outdoors. The exhaust  rate
                  shall be at least 0.75 cubic feet per minute (cfm) per square foot of garage floor area,
                  with no air recirculation,  provided continuously.  Add gaskets to any doors or ports  that
                  allow access for exhaust  fan servicing.
                  Exception:
                  Garages that meet the requirements for open parking garages,  as defined by
                  2012 International Building Code, Section 406.5.2 Openings.
                  Advise the building owner or property manager that the use of engine-operated
                  equipment other than automobiles or trucks  in the garage may generate pollutants that
                  can negatively affect occupied spaces.
References for Priority Issue 7.0 Garage Air Pollutants:
ABAA: Air Barrier Materials, Components, Assemblies & Systems
ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas Code
ASTM E1186-03 (2009): Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades, Sections 3.1501.2, 3.1502.1 and 3.1502.2
International Code Council: International Building Code, 2012 Edition, Section 406.5.2
International Code Council: International Fuel Gas Code, 2012 Edition
UL: Fire-Resistance and Smoke Protection
UL 181A: Standard for Closure Systems for Use With Rigid Air Ducts
UL 181B: Standard for Closure Systems for Use With Flexible Air Ducts and Air Connectors
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                            PRIORITY ISSUE 8.0 PESTS
       ASSESSMENT
      PROTOCOLS (AP)
AP8.1 Identify Potential
Pests and Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) Resources
Identify pests likely to
colonize the building based
on project location. Identify
and acquire resources to
assist with implementing IPM
(e.g., state/county extension,
publications and online
resources, nongovernmental
organizations, pest
management professionals
with expertise in IPM),
including the proper
identification of pests.
AP 8.2 Identify Evidence of
Pests
Identify evidence of  pests
(e.g., rodents, squirrels,
termites, birds,  bats,
cockroaches) in common
areas and dwelling units.
Note the location and identify
pest-contaminated materials.
Determine whether pesticides
(rodenticides, insecticides,
fungicides) presently are being
used. See Minimum Action
8.1 for minimum actions to
address pest infestations.
Notes:
(1) Areas that have a
   significant potential for
   pest infestations include
   attics, basements,
   crawlspaces, and around
   chimneys, mechanical
   stacks and plumbing
   cleanouts.
(2)  Termites and some other
   types of pest infestations
   often are an indication
   of moisture problems.
   See Priority Issue 1.0
   Moisture Control and Mold
   for diagnosing moisture
   problems.
AP 8.3 Assess Whether the
Building Has an  IPM Plan
Consult with building
management to determine
whether the building has
an IPM plan or other pest
management plan and the
degree to which the  plan is
being followed.
                   MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 8.1 Mitigate Pest Infestations
•     If there is indication of current or past infestations within the
     building, seek assistance from a professional who ensures IPM
practices with their pest management services (some examples may
include GreenPro, Green Shield, or equivalently trained IPM
professionals).
Do not begin work in pest-infested zones until  infested materials
are  properly removed. In some cases, professional assistance may
be needed to remove infested materials.
Note-
Many states require pest management professionals to be licensed.
MA 8.2 Reduce Potential for Pest Entry
Block, seal and eliminate pest entry points around the building
envelope. Examples include gaps around doors and windows,
between the foundation and the upper portion  of the building, and
around utility pipes, conduits or wires.
MA 8.3 Patch Openings to Eliminate Rodent Pathways
In areas with evidence of rodent infestation, patch and seal exterior
holes that are larger than Vi" by /4" with pest-resistant materials
(e.g., copper mesh, hardware cloth, sheet metal, concrete) before
applying weatherization materials that may be  susceptible to
gnawing by rodents (e.g., caulk or foam).
MA 8.4 Block Pest Movement Through Building
Reduce risk of pest dispersal throughout the building by sealing
and blocking passageways that pests can use to move freely to
obtain food, water and harborage.  This includes gaps around  floor
and ceiling joists; penetrations in walls, floors and ceilings; and
openings around shafts and chutes.
MA 8.5 Protect Outdoor Air Intakes and Exhausts
Protect air intakes from bird and pest entry (e.g., cover openings
with corrosion-resistant ^"-screen or galvanized  mesh). Similarly,
protect exhaust vents from  rodent, bird and pest entry (e.g., cover
openings with louvers).  Avoid creating conditions that can clog
exhaust vents.
Advise the property manager to regularly inspect, clean and repair
screens or louvers over air intakes and exhausts (e.g., at  least semi-
annually or when replacing HVAC filters). Make sure that rooftop air
handlers, including exhaust fans, are air sealed to their roof curbs
to prevent pest entry.
MA 8.6 Do Not Disturb Existing Pest Protections
Do not disturb or eliminate any building-related materials that are
in place to exclude pests. If temporary disruption is necessary for
a project, provide appropriate protection from pest entry while the
pest barriers are removed.
MA 8.7 Keep Vegetation and Clutter Away From Building and
Mechanical Systems Components
Remove clutter, eliminate woodpiles and waste near the building,
and remove any bushes, trees or other vegetation within 2 feet of
the  structure. Keep vegetation away from outdoor air intakes  and
outdoor mechanical equipment. Do not pile soil or mulch against
the  building's exterior walls.
      EXPANDED
    ACTIONS (EA)
EA8.1 Create an IPM
Plan
     Mlf there is no IPM
     plan for the
building, work with the
building owner and/or
property manager to
develop and implement
one. Use the HUD,
National Center for
Healthy Housing
(NCHH)and Local
Initiatives Support
Corporation (LISC)
resources  listed below
when developing the
plan. Use  pamphlets
and active engagement
(e.g., information
sessions, peer-to-peer
education) to teach
property managers and
occupants about IPM.
Refer to Appendix B for
more information about
property management
and occupant
education on  IPM.
EA 8.2 Use Scalable
Garbage Containers
Outside
Ensure exterior garbage
cans and dumpsters
are scalable and
sanitized regularly.
      Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
           Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
References for Priority Issue  8.0 Pests:
ASHRAE: Indoor Air Quality Guide, Strategy 3.6
CDC: Rodents
EPA: Introduction to  Integrated Pest Management, Principles of IPM
Green Shield: Green Shield Certified
HUD: HUD's Guidance on Integrated Pest Management
LISC: Green & Healthy Property Management: A Guide for Multifamily Buildings
National Pest Management Association: Green Pro Certified
NCHH:  Integrated Pest Management: A Guide for Affordable Housing
NCHH:  Integrated Pest Management in Multifamily Housing
San Francisco Department of the Environment: Pest Prevention by Design Guidelines
U.S. Department of Agriculture: Cooperative Extension System Offices
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                   PRIORITY ISSUE 9.0 TRACKED-IN POLLUTANTS
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 9.1 Inspect Floor Surfaces at
 Building Common Entrances
 Inspect all building common entrances
 for walk-off mats or entry mat systems.
 Note accumulation of dirt or moisture
 on interior floors near building entrances
 that might indicate need for walk-off
 mats or entryway floor-cleaning systems.
      MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 9.1 Provide Walk-Off Mats
Provide walk-off mats to trap dirt
and moisture at all building common
entrances. The mats need to be long
enough to allow at least five full steps
for people entering the building (a
minimum of 10 feet long). Walk-off
mats should be regularly vacuumed and
cleaned according to manufacturer's
printed instructions. Mats should have
anti-slip backings or other means to
reduce sliding and tripping hazards.
Mats should not be  placed over carpeted
areas and should have an impervious,
readily cleanable surface beneath them.
Note:
Mats should be periodically moved and
allowed to dry.  Mats in high-traffic areas
and over vinyl flooring should be moved
and allowed to dry frequently during
wet weather conditions (e.g., on a daily
basis).
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 9.1 Install Permanent Entryway
Systems

Install permanent entryway systems
at all regularly used building common
entrances to capture dirt and moisture,
as described in ASHRAE Standard
189.1-2014, Section 8.3.1.5 or EPA's
IAQ Design Tools for Schools, Entry Mat
Barriers. The entryway system should:

• Provide a scraper surface, an
  absorption surface and a finishing
  surface,  in sequence  in the direction
  of travel  into the building.
• Be as wide as the entry doors.

• Have anti-slip backings or other
  locking mechanisms to reduce sliding
  and tripping hazards.

• Be designed for regular cleaning to
  remove accumulated  dirt.

• Not be installed over  an existing
  walk-off mat or other  entryway
  system.
References for Priority Issue 9.0 Tracked-ln Pollutants:
ASHRAE: Indoor Air Quality Guide, Strategy 3.5
ASHRAE Standard  189.1-2014, Section 8.3.1.5
EPA: IAQ Design Tools for Schools, Entry Mat Barriers
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                         PRIORITY ISSUE 10.0 BUILDING PRODUCTS/MATERIALS EMISSIONS
            ASSESSMENT
           PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 10.1 Review Content and Emissions
 Documentation for New Products
 Review information on the chemical
 content and emissions for products
 being considered for purchase and
 installation during the building
 upgrade project to determine whether
 they contain  potentially hazardous
 compounds.  Many of these products and
 materials (e.g., plywood, particleboard,
 pressed wood, insulation, paints,
 sealants, cleaning supplies) can contain
 volatile organic compounds VOCs  or
 other hazardous compounds to which
 exposure should be minimized or
 eliminated during and after the upgrade
 project.
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 10.1 Select Least Toxic Materials
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
        When installing new products
and materials, use the least toxic
product or material feasible to do
the job effectively. For example, use
products and materials that indicate
they have (or are certified as having)
low-VOC content or low-VOC emissions
and follow manufacturers' printed
instructions for use.

Where possible, specify products
and materials that meet independent
certification and testing protocols, such
as the following:

•  California Department of Public
   Health, Standard Method for the
   Testing and Evaluation  of Volatile
   Organic Chemical Emissions from
   Indoor Sources using Environmental
   Chambers (Emission Testing Method
   for  California Specification 01350)

•  Carpet and Rug Institute Green
   Label Plus program criteria, or
   equivalent standards for carpet
•  Collaborative for High  Performance
   Schools High Performance Products
   Database

•  Green Seal Standard GS-11

•  GREENGUARD Gold Certification
   Program

•  Master Painters Institute Green
   Performance Standards X-Green,
   GPS-1 or GPS-2
•  Resilient Floor Covering Institute,
   FloorScoreฎ

•  Scientific Certification Systems,
   SCS-10.2-2007,  Indoor Advantage
   Gold

•  Insulation products that contain
   no added formaldehyde and are
   moisture resistant.

MA 10.2 Use Low-Emitting Wood and
Composite-Wood Products
When installing structural  plywood  or
pressed or composite wood products,
select those that are certified compliant
with California Title 7 Airborne Toxics
Control  Measures (ATCM) to reduce
EA 10.1 Air Out New Materials
Where possible, air out new materials in
a well-ventilated, clean and dry space
prior to installation. Off-site opening of
wrapped or tightly packaged materials to
facilitate this conditioning step also is
acceptable.
EA 10.2 Seal Composite Wood Products
Seal  composite wood products (e.g.,
particleboard and  pressed wood) that
are not compliant  with California
Title  17 ATCM  or that do not meet
Section 6.1 of  EPA's Indoor airPLUS
Construction Specifications with
a sealant intended to reduce VOC
emissions. Seal all exposed surfaces
and holes, as appropriate. Check with
vendors for recommendations on sealing
their engineered wood products.
EA 10.3 Investigate and Correct
Contaminant Source Problems After
Building Modifications
If odors or complaints indicate VOCs
or other airborne contaminants after
work has been  completed, remove
any potential sources (e.g., art/craft
materials,  fiberglass that may contain
formaldehyde)  from the room or area.
If removal  is not feasible, consider
installing local  exhaust ventilation
for sources that are limited to a
specific room or area, at  least on a
temporary basis until  the off gassing
has subsided. If these actions do not
solve the problem  (e.g., persistent
odors, occupant complaints), hiring an
environmental  professional and testing
may be necessary.
EA 10.4 Post-Construction Flush-Out
or Post-Construction Baseline IAQ
Monitoring Per ASHRAE  Standard
189.1
After construction is completed, meet
the requirements of ASHRAE Standard
189.1-2014, Section 10.3.1.4(b) for
either a flush out or Post-Construction
baseline IAQ monitoring  before
occupancy resumes in the renovated
building/spaces.
A flush-out period longer than specified
in ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014 can
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
     Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                    PRIORITY ISSUE 10.0 BUILDING PRODUCTS/MATERIALS EMISSIONS (continued)
    ASSESSMENT
   PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
                      formaldehyde emissions. If California Title 17 ATCM
                      compliant materials are not available, use wood
                      products that meet Section 6.1 of EPA's Indoor airPLUS
                      Construction Specifications or composite wood products
                      that contain no added formaldehyde.
                      Notes:
                      (1) California Title 17 ATCM regulations require reduced
                          formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products
                          and finished goods that contain composite wood
                          products sold, offered for sale, supplied, used or
                          manufactured for sale in California.
                      (2) Title VI of TSCA sets national formaldehyde emission
                          standards for composite wood products that are
                          identical to California's Phase II emission standards.
                          EPA currently is developing the regulations to
                          implement these standards nationally.
                      MA 10.3 Post-Construction Flush-Out With Outdoor Air
                      After construction is completed, ventilate the renovated
                      building/spaces with the design outdoor air ventilation rates
                      before occupancy resumes. Ensure that HVAC systems are
                      operational and capable of adequately controlling indoor
                      humidity levels during the flush out. Do not conduct a
                      "bake-out" in an attempt to reduce VOC emissions after
                      the building is occupied, because it may cause VOCs to
                      be absorbed by other interior materials and may damage
                      building components.
                      If possible, follow the post-construction flush-out
                      requirements specified in ASHRAE Standard  189.1-2014,
                      Section 10.3.1.4(b), which requires a total number of air
                      changes corresponding to the ventilation system operating
                      at its design outdoor airflow rate continuously, 24 hours per
                      day for 14 days. A longer flush-out period can be used if
                      there are concerns or complaints about  IAQ after  the initial
                      flush out. Additional, periodic flush out  also may  be needed
                      for spaces that have intermittent or infrequent occupancy
                      and are not ventilated for extended periods.
                      MA 10.4 Limit VOC Absorption During Construction
                      Follow guidance outlined in Minimum Action 23.4 to
                      protect absorptive materials during construction.
EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
                                         be used if there are concerns or
                                         complaints about IAQ after the initial
                                         flush out. Additional, periodic flush out
                                         also may be needed for spaces that have
                                         intermittent or infrequent occupancy
                                         and are not ventilated for extended
                                         periods.
                                         EA  10.5 Promote Transparency of
                                         Chemical Constituents in Products and
                                         Materials
                                             STo promote transparency of
                                             chemical constituents associated
                                         with the manufacture of a product and
                                         substances residing in the final product,
                                         require products that have submitted
                                         their complete chemical inventory to a
                                         third party for verification. Make the
                                         verification/certification by the  third
                                         party publicly available.
References for Priority Issue 10.0 Building Products/Materials Emissions:
ASHRAE: Indoor Air Quality Guide, Strategies 5.1 and 5.2
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014, Sections 10.3.1.4 and 10.3.1.4(b)
California Department of Public Health: Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor
  Sources using Environmental Chambers (Emission Testing Method for California Specification 01350)
California Title 17 ATCM to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products
Carpet and Rug Institute: Green Label Plus
Collaborative for High Performance Schools:  High Performance Products Database
EPA: Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products
EPA: Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality
EPA: Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications
Green Seal: Green Seal  Standard for Paints and  Coatings, GS-11
Master Painters Institute: MPI Green  Performance Standards GPS-1-12 or GPS-2-12 or Extreme Green
Resilient Floor Covering Institute: FloorScoreฎ
Scientific Certification Systems: SCS-EC10.2-2007, Environmental Certification Program, Indoor Air Quality Performance
TSCA Title VI: Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products
UL Environment: GREENGUARD Gold Certification Program

  E9
  HH  Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR  QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                              PRIORITY ISSUE 11.0 VENTED COMBUSTION APPLIANCES
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
             EXPANDED
            ACTIONS (EL
 AP 11.1 Complete a Combustion Safety
 Inspection
 Complete a safety inspection of all
 vented combustion equipment in
 the building (e.g., furnaces, boilers,
 water  heaters). The  inspection shall
 include observations for applicable
 code requirements including proper
 clearances, condition of venting,
 assessment of the potential for back-
 drafting, integrity of fuel lines, safety
 of electrical connections and condition
 of the appliance itself.  Document
 deficiencies and proposed repairs.
 •  For gas-fired appliances and
    equipment, make this assessment
    using applicable installation
    standards, including the National
    Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1/NFPA
    54, the applicable ANSI Z21 gas-
    fired appliance safety standards, and
    manufacturer's printed instructions.
    Determine whether gas-fired
    appliance installations comply with
    Section 9.3 "Air for Combustion
    and Ventilation" of ANSI Z223.1/
    NFPA 54 for proper venting,
    including influences of other
    building ventilation and exhausting
    equipment.
 •  For oil-fired appliances and
    equipment, make this assessment
    using applicable installation
    standards, including the Standard
    for the Installation of Oil-Burning
    Equipment, ANSI/NFPA 31, the
    applicable ANSI/UL oil-fired
    appliance safety standard, and
    manufacturer's printed instructions.
 •  Performance test vented combustion
    appliances to ensure proper draft
    under worstcase depressurization.
 •  Identify combustion appliances that
    have pilot burners.
 •  Determine whether carbon monoxide
    (CO) detection and warning
    equipment is installed in dwelling
    units and other locations within the
    building (e.g., mechanical rooms
    with combustion equipment).
MA 11.1 Correct Deficiencies and
Ensure Proper Operation of Combustion
Equipment
Correct all deficiencies identified during
the assessments and ensure compliance
with applicable codes and standards.
Test combustion equipment for proper
draft and venting under worst-case
conditions before and after building
upgrade measures that affect envelope
leakage and airflows (e.g., air sealing,
insulation and the addition or upgrade
of exhaust fans). Repair, remove, or
replace combustion equipment and
address other issues or deficiencies as
needed to meet  the applicable codes
and standards.
Note:
All equipment removals should include
proper disposal so that hazardous units
are not reinstalled or used elsewhere.
Address depressurization and potential
back drafting problems (e.g., with
combustion make-up air, fan interlocks,
transfer grilles, jumper ducts, louvered
doors, door undercuts, duct leakage
repair), or adjust the exhaust equipment
causing the problems provided it
does not conflict with the specific
exhaust requirements for spaces
served by the exhaust equipment.
Ensure that combustion appliances
are  installed  with sufficient access for
proper maintenance and are operating
in compliance with the original
manufacturer's printed specifications.
MA 11.2 Ensure Proper Exhaust
Locations
Ensure combustion exhaust is captured
as close to the combustion source as
possible, exhausted directly outdoors,
and not vented into other indoor
spaces such  as attics, crawlspaces or
basements.
MA 11.3 Ensure Adequate Make-Up Air
Ensure that vented appliances have
sufficient make-up air to replace  vented
air and maintain normal operating
conditions.
EA 11.1 Install Power Vented or Sealed
Combustion Equipment
If replacing combustion equipment
located in occupied or conditioned
spaces as part of the building upgrade,
recommend power-vented or sealed-
combustion equipment. Install new
combustion equipment in accordance
with ACCA Standard 5.
EA 11.2 Upgrade Combustion
Appliances
Consider replacing older, lower
efficiency appliances that have
pilot burners with higher efficiency
appliances incorporating electronic
ignition.
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                        PRIORITY ISSUE 11.0 VENTED COMBUSTION APPLIANCES (continued)
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                                       MA 11.4 Ensure Proper Boiler Operation
                                       Ensure that boiler-firing adjustments are working
                                       properly so that soot is not dispelled out of the
                                       atmospheric dampers into boiler rooms. Confirm
                                       that boilers do not release black smoke through the
                                       chimney for more than a very brief period.
                                       MA 11.5 Ensure CO Detection and Warning
                                       Equipment is Installed

                                       ฃ9.  Ensure CO detection and warning equipment is
                                       installed and  located according to NFPA 720 and any
                                       applicable  local or state requirements.
References for Priority Issue 11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances:
ACCA: Standard 5 QI-2015, HVAC Quality Installation Specification
ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas Code
ANSI Z21 Series Standards for Residential Gas-Fired Appliances
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades, Section 5.3102.2, Venting Sealed Combustion Appliances
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades, Section 5, Heating and Cooling
NFPA 31: Standard for Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment
NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances
NFPA 720: Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection and Warning Equipment
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                            PRIORITY ISSUE 12.0 UNVENTED COMBUSTION APPLIANCES
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 12.1 Identify Unvented Combustion
 Appliances and Applicable Regulations

 Identify any unvented gas or kerosene
 space heaters or vent-free combustion
 appliances (e.g., ovens, cooktops,
 fireplaces).

 Determine whether any local or state
 regulations prohibiting these devices
 apply.

 Check locations of unvented gas or
 kerosene space heaters and assess the
 potential for the unvented heaters to
 influence the thermostat that controls
 the primary heat source (e.g., the
 central heating system). Assess the
 potential for the space heaters to
 override the operation of the primary
 heat source.

 Determine whether CO detection
 and warning equipment is installed
 in dwelling units with unvented
 combustion appliances.
      MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 12.1 Ensure Adequate Exhaust and
Ventilation in Kitchens Equipped with
Gas Cooking Appliances
Ensure ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
requirements, and any applicable
building code requirements, for local
exhaust and  outdoor air ventilation
are met for kitchens equipped with
gas cooking appliances. Ensure that
kitchen exhaust fans vent directly to
the outdoors. See Priority Issue 21.0
Local Exhaust Ventilation for additional
guidance.
MA 12.2 Remove Unvented  Combustion
Space Heaters
With the occupants' permission, remove
any unvented gas or kerosene space
heaters that  do not conform  to local
or state regulations. If the heaters are
used as the primary source of heat for
a space, replace them with electric
or vented, code-compliant heating
systems.
Note:
All equipment removals should include
proper disposal so that hazardous units
are not reinstalled or used elsewhere.
With the occupants' permission, remove
other unvented heaters, except when
used as a secondary heat source and it
can be confirmed that the unit is listed
to ANSI Z21.11.2. Heaters that are
not listed to  ANSI  Z21.11.2 should be
removed prior to the building upgrade,
if feasible, but may remain until a
replacement heating system is in place.
If occupants object to these
recommendations:
 •  Provide occupants with  information
    about the hazards of improperly
    operating unvented space heaters
    or vent-free appliances including,
    for example the manufacturers'
    written instructions and CPSC's
    Carbon Monoxide Questions
    and Answers and EPA's Carbon
    Monoxide's Impact on Indoor
    Air Quality. The manufacturers'
    instructions may specify open
    windows during operation because
    use of the device requires adequate
    or additional ventilation to remove
    products of combustion such  as
    CO, nitrogen oxides,  carbon dioxide,
    particulate matter and water vapor.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
This cell is intentionally blank.
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                       PRIORITY ISSUE 12.0 UNVENTED COMBUSTION APPLIANCES (continued)
     ASSESSMENT
    PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
                         •  Suggest occupants replace gas-fired unvented space heaters not
                            listed to ANSI Z21.11.2 with a vented appliance or, at a minimum,
                            consider upgrading the heater to a new model consistent with ANSI
                            Z21.11.2.
                         •  Inform occupants if any unvented combustion space heaters or vent-
                            free gas fireplaces appear to be oversized for their application.
                         Note:
                         The proper size of a space heater depends on a room's dimensions and
                         its heat loss characteristics. A 5,000 BTU/hour space heater often can
                         be a suitable  size for a room with a floor area of 150 square feet.
                         MA 12.3 Advise Occupants on Proper Operation and Maintenance
                         Advise occupants to always consult and follow the manufacturer's
                         printed instructions for proper operation and  maintenance. If the
                         manufacturer's instructions are not available, advise or assist occupants
                         in obtaining replacement instructions.
                         Note:
                         The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) can
                         be a source of information to obtain manufacturers' instructions for
                         unvented combustion appliances.
                         Advise occupants that unvented space heaters should not be used in
                         a manner that influences the  thermostat controlling the primary heat
                         source, thereby causing the space heater to operate in place of the
                         primary heat source.
                         MA 12.4 Ensure CO Detection and Warning Equipment is Installed
•                             Ensure CO detection and warning equipment is installed and
                             located according to NFPA 720 and any applicable local or state
                         requirements.
  EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                                              This cell is intentionally
                                              blank.
References for Priority Issue 12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances:

AHRI
ANSI Z21.11.2-2013: Gas-Fired Room Heaters, Volume II, Unvented Room Heaters
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
CPSC: Carbon Monoxide Questions and Answers
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades, Section 2.0202.1, Unvented Space Heaters
EPA: Carbon Monoxide's Impact on Indoor Air Quality
NFPA 720: Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection and Warning Equipment
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                              PRIORITY ISSUE 13.0 OZONE FROM INDOOR SOURCES
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 13.1 Determine the Presence of
 Ozone-Producing Equipment
 In every dwelling unit where an audit
 and/or upgrade will occur, determine
 whether any air-cleaning devices de-
 signed to intentionally produce ozone
 (i.e., ozone generators) are present.
      MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 13.1 Avoid Air-Cleaning Equipment
that Intentionally Produces Ozone
Do not install air-cleaning devices
designed to produce ozone (i.e., ozone
generators).
Recommend removal of air-cleaning
devices designed to produce ozone
intentionally, if present.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
This cell is intentionally blank.
References for Priority Issue 13.0 Ozone from Indoor Sources:
California EPA Air Resources Board (GARB): Hazardous Ozone-Generating "Air Purifiers"
EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                           PRIORITY ISSUE 14.0 ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)
   ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
AP 14.1 Determine Whether There is a
Smoke-Free Policy
Determine whether the building has a
smoke-free policy prohibiting smoking in
common areas and residential dwelling
units.
AP 14.2 Determine Whether There is an
Exterior Smoking Policy
Determine whether the building
has an exterior smoking policy that
prohibits smoking within a specified
distance (e.g., 10, 20 or 25 feet) of the
building's operable windows, outdoor air
intakes and entryways.
AP 14.3 Identify Occupants' Smoking-
Related Concerns
Determine whether there has been a
pattern of complaints from occupants
about smoking odors or other smoking-
related concerns.
AP 14.4 Assess Whether
Compartmentalization is a Possible ETS
Control Strategy
Identify spaces in the building with
strong ETS sources that can be
isolated using Compartmentalization
techniques. The intent is to reduce ETS
migration by maintaining airtightness,
controlling pressure differences, and
limiting uncontrolled airflow and cross
contamination among spaces.
 • Identify the ETS  migration pathways
   due to pressure differences within
   the building and across the building
   envelope, which can be caused by a
   variety of factors (e.g., thermal stack
   effect, mechanical  ventilation if not
   properly designed and maintained,
   inadequate air balance, operation of
   combustion appliances).
 • Make visual observations or use
   infrared thermography, chemical
   smoke, and/or pressure testing
   to identify all penetrations at the
   perimeter of the space/dwelling unit
   that can be air sealed to reduce ETS
   transfer. ASTM El 186-03 (2009)
   Standard Practices for Air Leakage
   Site Detection  in Building Envelopes
   and Air Barrier Systems can be used
   to guide the air sealing assessment
   work.
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
MA 14.1 Actions to Take if There is
a Smoke-Free Policy and a History of
Complaints

ฃ9.  If there is a pattern of complaints
and the building has an interior and/or
exterior smoke-free policy, discuss
occupant education, signage and
implementation methods with the
building owner and/or property manager.
Review the policies and revise as
necessary. If feasible, increase the
distances of exterior smoking areas from
operable windows, outdoor air intakes
and building entrances.
MA 14.2 Actions to Take if There is Not
a Smoke-Free Policy
If there  is a pattern of complaints and
the building does not have an interior
and exterior smoke-free  policy, take the
appropriate actions, when feasible, in
the following order, for the most effective
ETS control strategy: (1) Source Control,
(2) Ventilation and Air-Pressure Control,
and (3) Air Sealing.
1. Source Control
 •  ฃ9. Propose developing and
   implementing a smoke-free policy to
   the building management. See
   Appendix B: Property Management
   and Occupant Education for
   guidance on implementing a
   smoke-free policy.
Note:
Eliminating ETS through a building-wide
smoke-free policy is the most effective,
and cost efficient, method of controlling
ETS. There is no safe level of ETS
exposure and no engineering technique
can eliminate ETS infiltration. This
guidance recognizes that eliminating
smoking in all multifamily residential
buildings is not immediately possible.
Therefore, alternative techniques for
reducing exposure also are discussed.
 •  Propose including an exterior
   smoking policy that prohibits
   smoking within a specified distance
   (e.g., 10, 20 or 25  feet) from
   the building's operable windows,
   entryways and outdoor air intakes.
EA 14.1 Additional Actions if There is a
History of Complaints and a Smoke-Free
Policy is Not Feasible
If there is a pattern of ETS-related
complaints and a smoke-free policy is
not feasible:
•  Follow the Expanded Actions
   guidance  in Priority Issues 18.0
   through 21.0, as applicable to the
   type of ventilation system.
•  Provide air sealing in separating
   walls, floors and ceilings such that
   dwelling units demonstrate less
   than 0.3 cfm leakage per square
   foot of enclosure area (i.e., sum
   of all wall, ceiling and floor areas)
   at 50 Pascals pressure difference,
   or as low a pressure difference as
   possible, during a blower door test
   conducted according to either ASTM
   E779-10  Standard Test Method
   for Determining Air Leakage Rate
   by Fan Pressurization or ASTM
   E1827-11 Standard Test Methods
   for Determining Airtightness of
   Buildings Using an Orifice Blower
   Door. The test shall be  conducted as
   if the dwelling unit tested is exposed
   to outdoor air on all sides, top,
   and bottom by opening doors and
   windows in adjacent dwelling units.
Notes:
(1) A progressive sampling strategy,
   as defined in Chapter 4 of the
   Residential Manual for  Compliance
   with California's 2001 Energy
   Efficiency Standards, can be
   employed in performing the blower
   door test.
(2) The activities above are intended to
   further reduce, but not  eliminate,
   ETS migration.
(3) When air sealing, the air barrier
   assembly must have been evaluated
   by the Air Barrier Association of
   America (ABAA) and installed
   according to the manufacturer's
   specifications. Fire-rated assemblies
   must be sealed using approved
   fire-rated materials. The fire rating
   requirements supersede the ABAA
   evaluation requirement.
      Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
           Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                      PRIORITY ISSUE 14.0 ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS) (continued)
     ASSESSMENT
    PROTOCOLS (AP)
    Inspect and identify
    all joints, seams
    and leaks in the
    ventilation duct
    system than can be
    sealed.
                          MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
   Consider following ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014, which specifies a 25-foot
   minimum separation distance for exterior smoking areas.
•  Propose identifying dwelling units where smoking is not allowed, and physically
   locate these units as far as possible from units where smoking is allowed. Wind-
   or temperature-induced stack effect and window operation can have a large
   impact on air transfer between units on different floors. If possible,  locate the
   smoking units higher in the building where there often  is more air exfiltration
   to the outdoors, which  also will make the other compartmentalization strategies
   more effective (see Priority Issue 16.0).
2. Ventilation and Air-Pressure Control
•  Follow the Minimum Actions in Priority Issues 18.0 through 21.0, as applicable
   to the type of ventilation system.
•  For dwelling units served by a central exhaust ventilation system, balance
   airflows for each unit by sealing duct/shaft leaks and installing air balancing
   devices (such as constant airflow regulators or orifice plates) at the exhaust
   points in each dwelling unit. When flows are the same from adjacent dwelling
   units with similar leakage characteristics, there is less  potential for air and odor
   transfer between units.
•  If possible, increase outdoor air supply ventilation rates to non-smoking dwelling
   units to pressurize the  units and reduce  infiltration.
3. Air Sea I ins
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                         Air sealing may be performed in smoking units, non-smoking units or both. Some
                         air leakage pathways are very difficult to access in existing buildings. It often takes
                         successive rounds of air sealing to reduce migration of ETS, and it is very difficult
                         to eliminate all leakage between dwelling units.
                         •  Identify potential areas of uncontrolled ETS leakage from adjacent units via
                            visual inspection, infrared thermography, chemical smoke and/or pressure
                            testing. ASTM El 186-03 (2009) Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site
                            Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems can be used to guide
                            the air sealing assessment work.
                         •  Reduce ETS transfer between adjacent units by sealing vertical shafts, joints
                            and penetrations in adjoining  walls, ceilings and floors.
                             o Find and seal the largest openings first, for example: joints around plumbing
                               penetrations, joints around ventilation openings, lighting penetrations,
                               openings behind baseboard heaters, electrical outlets, etc.
                             o To track progress during sealing, a blower door depressurization test of
                               airflow at a pressure difference of  50 Pascals can be used.  Note that exhaust
                               duct systems should be temporarily sealed  off during the blower door
                               depressurization test.
                         •  Apply weather-stripping to all  doors between dwelling units and common
                            hallways  to minimize air leakage into  the hallways. If the existing ventilation
                            system relies on make-up air provided to dwelling units by pressurized corridors,
                            do not weather-strip unit entry doors and restore or repair the  make-up air
                            system as needed.
                         •  If make-up air is not provided by pressurized corridor systems, provide outdoor
                            make-up air to each unit (e.g., trickle vents) and do not install pressurized
                            corridor make-up air systems.
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                      PRIORITY ISSUE 14.0 ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS) (continued)
     ASSESSMENT
    PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                         Notes:
                         (1) The activities above are intended to reduce ETS migration but will not
                            eliminate it.
                         (2) The above air sealing strategies are intended to help reduce the exposure of
                            occupants in non-smoking units adjacent to smokers' units. These actions are
                            unlikely to reduce the risks of ETS to occupants living in the smokers' units.
                         (3) When air sealing, the air barrier assembly must have been evaluated by the Air
                            Barrier Association of America (ABAA) and installed according to manufacturer
                            specifications. Fire-rated assemblies must be sealed using approved fire-
                            rated materials. The fire rating requirements supersede the ABAA evaluation
                            requirements.
                         (4) Also refer to Priority Issue 16.0 Compartmentalization to Prevent Odor or
                            Unwanted Air Transfer.
References for Priority Issue 14.0 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS):
ABAA: Air Barrier Materials, Components, Assemblies & Systems
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014: Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green  Buildings
ASTM E779-10: Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
ASTM E1186-03 (2009): Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
ASTM E1827-11: Standard Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Buildings Using an Orifice Blower Door
California Energy Commission:  Residential Manual for Compliance with California's 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards, Chapter 4 Compliance
  Through Quality Construction
MNCEE: Reduction of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Transfer in Minnesota Multifamily Buildings Using Air Sealing and Ventilation Treatments
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Existing or New Buildings with Central Roof Exhaust
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Multi-Family Buildings That Do Not Have Fan-Powered Ventilation
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in New and Existing Multi-Family Buildings with Individual Unit Ventilation Systems
UL: Fire-Resistance and Smoke Protection
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                      PRIORITY ISSUE 15.0 WOOD SMOKE AND OTHER SOLID FUEL EMISSIONS
                   ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 AP 15.1 Determine Whether Wood- or Coal-Burning Appliances Are
 Present
 Determine whether there are wood- or coal-burning appliances (e.g.,
 wood stove or furnace, wood pellet stove, fireplace) in the building. If a
 building policy on wood- and coal-burning devices exists, review it for
 compatibility with the Minimum Actions in this section.
 AP 15.2 Assess Proper Size and Operation of Wood- or Coal-Burning
 Appliances
 Assess what  the proper size of any wood- or coal-burning appliances
 will be after the building upgrade  is complete. If the current unit is
 oversized,  recommend replacement with a properly sized, EPA-certified
 appliance.
 AP 15.3 Determine Evidence of Wood Smoke Emissions
 If wood- or coal-burning appliances are  present, use any of the following
 practices to determine whether there  is evidence of wood smoke
 emissions  affecting the building:
 •  Look for evidence of soot on the walls or ceiling or creosote staining
    near the flue pipe.
 •  Determine whether a strong odor of wood smoke can  be identified
    within common areas or dwelling units.
 •  Ask occupants whether they regularly (i.e., daily) smell wood  smoke
    indoors during the heating season.
 AP 15.4 Assess Appliance Safety
 Assess appliance safety by  considering:
 •  Appliance condition, especially leaks, cracks or faulty flue
    connections.
 •  Proper distances of appliance  and flue from combustible materials
    (minimum clearances) and/or  proper protection of combustibles.
 •  Proper size and materials of floor  protection.
 •  Proper venting system according to  Priority  Issue 11.0 Vented
    Combustion Appliances.
 AP 15.5 Determine Whether Wood-Burning Appliances Are EPA-Certified
 Determine whether any wood-burning appliances are EPA-certified (i.e.,
 more energy  efficient and cleaner  burning). An  EPA-certified wood heater
 can be identified by a permanent  metal label affixed to the back or side
 of the wood heater.
 AP 15.6 Determine Whether Hydronic Heating Equipment Is Present
 Determine whether an outdoor wood-  or coal-fired appliance is generating
 hydronic heat.  If the wood- or coal-burning appliance is operating during
 the assessment, observe  the opacity of the  smoke leaving the chimney.
 Note: One hundred percent opacity means nothing can be seen through
 the smoke. At 20 percent opacity, there is very little smoke  and you can
 see almost completely through it.  Smoke with opacity of more than
 20 percent is an indication that unseasoned wood is being burned,
 a non-EPA-approved stove is in use or the heater is operating poorly.
 Ensure trash and vegetation are not being burned in the units. Refer to
 the EPA Burn Wise website for additional information.
MA 15.1 Ensure Proper
Operation of Wood- or
Coal-Burning Appliances
Correct any problems
identified during the
assessments. If evidence
of soot, wood smoke, or
other health or safety
concerns is apparent,
work with a certified
fireplace or chimney
safety professional to
identify and correct the
problems.
If a new appliance is
installed during the
upgrade, ensure it is
properly sized for the post
upgrade heating load.
Ensure any new wood-
burning appliances are
EPA-certified.
MA 15.2 Recommend
Periodic Inspection and
Maintenance of the
Chimney and Appliance
Encourage the building
owner or property manager
to have a certified
professional inspect and
maintain the chimney
and wood- or coal-burning
appliance annually.
MA 15.3 Share EPA Burn
Wise Tips
Share EPA's Burn Wise
Tips with the building
owner or property
manager.
                                                                                               EXPANDED ACTIONS
EA 15.1 Install
Properly Sized,
EPA-Certified Wood-
Burning Appliances
Replace non-certified
wood- or coal-
burning appliances
with properly sized
and installed EPA-
certified appliances.
Appliances should be
installed according
to the manufacturer's
written instructions.
Alternatively,
replacement heating
equipment that
does not burn solid
fuels also can be
considered.
References for Priority  Issue  15.0 Wood Smoke and Other Solid Fuel Emissions:

EPA: Burn Wise, Consumers- Best Burn Practices
EPA: Burn Wise, Consumers - Choosing Appliances
EPA: Burn Wise, Consumers - Frequent Questions
EPA: Burn Wise Tips
EPA: List of EPA Certified Wood Stoves
EPA: List of Qualified Hydronic Heaters
NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Compartmentalization
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 16.1 Determine Building Locations
 with Strong Pollutant Sources
 Determine which areas or dwelling units
 in the building are likely to be sources
 of irritating pollutants or noxious odors
 or where unwanted air transfer occurs.
 Refer to complaint logs and building
 owner/property manager reports,
 and perform an IAQ walkthrough
 inspection. Include common areas and
 nonresidential spaces in the  building
 (e.g., retail spaces, fitness facilities,
 beauty and nail salons).  To the extent
 possible, work with the building owner,
 property manager and other occupants
 to identify IAQ concerns that arise from
 pollutant migration among dwelling
 units, common areas and commercial
 spaces. Refer to EPA's Building Air
 Quality Action Plan for more information
 on IAQ walkthrough inspections.
 AP 16.2 Assess Spaces for
 Compartmentalization
 Identify spaces  in the building with
 strong  pollutant sources that could be
 isolated using Compartmentalization
 techniques, including dwelling units,
 common areas,  nonresidential spaces
 (e.g., conference/meeting rooms,
 health  club/exercise rooms,  retail
 spaces, attached garages, combustion
 appliance  rooms,  utility shafts,
 elevators, stairwells). The intent is to
 reduce pollutant and  odor migration by
 limiting uncontrolled airflow and cross
 contamination among spaces, achieved
 by air sealing and controlling pressure
 differences.
  •  Identify the pollutant migration
    pathways due to pressure differences
    within the building and across the
    building envelope, which  can be
    caused by a  variety of factors (e.g.,
    thermal stack effect, mechanical
    ventilation if not properly designed
    and maintained, inadequate air
    balance, operation of combustion
    appliances).
  •  Make visual  observations or use
    infrared thermography, chemical
    smoke  and/or pressure testing to
    identify all penetrations at the
    perimeter of the space/dwelling unit
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 16.1 Minimize Pollutant Transfer
Between Spaces
Follow the guidance in the order listed
below for the most effective strategy:
(1) Source Control, (2) Ventilation and
Air Pressure Control, and (3) Air Sealing.
1. Source Control
If pollutant sources and odors were
identified and can be readily addressed
see the relevant priority issues in this
Guide. For example -
•   For sewer gases or other pollutants,
    see Priority Issue 6.0 Belowground
    Contaminants.
•   For suspected VOCs, see Priority
    Issue 10.0 Building Products/
    Materials  Emissions.
•   For tobacco smoke transfer
    control, see Priority Issue  14.0
    Environmental Tobacco Smoke
    (ETS).
•   For contaminants from attached
    garages, see Priority  Issue 7.0
    Garage Air Pollutants.
•   For wood smoke, see Priority Issue
    15.0 Wood Smoke and Other Solid
    Fuel Emissions.
•   For emissions from vented
    combustion appliances, see Priority
    Issue 11.0 Vented Combustion
    Appliances.
•   For emissions from unvented
    combustion appliances, see Priority
    Issue 12.0 Unvented Combustion
    Appliances.
•   For cooking odors, see Priority Issue
    21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation.
2.  Ventilation and Air Pressure Control
•   Follow the Minimum Actions
    in Priority Issues 18.0 through
    21.0, as applicable to the type of
    ventilation system.
•   If an existing ventilation system
    relies on central exhaust, repair or
    replace any  balancing devices at
    each exhaust point, as needed.
•   Provide dedicated  pathways for
    make-up ventilation air in dwelling
    units, as required under the
EA 16.1 Expanded Ventilation and Air
Pressure Control
Follow the Expanded Actions guidance
in Priority Issues 18.0 through 21.0,
as applicable to the type of ventilation
system. Reduce excess negative
pressures inside the dwelling units
resulting from unbalanced exhaust
systems.
If the existing ventilation exhaust system
relies on a central exhaust, specify and
install a new balancing device at each
exhaust point with a minimum operating
pressure to help ensure that required
airflow and system performance  are not
significantly affected by stack effect.
EA 16.2 Expanded Air Sealing for
Dwelling Units
If the building is undergoing
extensive rehabilitation, extend
Compartmentalization efforts to all
dwelling units. Provide  air sealing in
all separating walls, floors and ceilings
to achieve Compartmentalization
within each dwelling unit,  with an
airtightness of 0.3 cfm  per square foot
of enclosure area (i.e., sum of all wall,
ceiling and floor areas)  at 50 Pascals
pressure difference, or as low a pressure
difference as  possible, during a  blower
door test conducted according to either
ASTM E779-10 Standard Test Method
for Determining Air Leakage Rate by
Fan Pressurization or ASTM E1827-11
Standard Test Methods for Determining
Airtightness of Buildings Using an
Orifice Blower Door. The test shall be
conducted as if the dwelling unit were
exposed to outdoor air on  all sides and
on top and bottom by opening doors
and windows  in adjacent dwelling units.
Refer to ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013,
Section 8 for  multifamily  buildings.
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR  QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
     PRIORITY ISSUE 16.0 COMPARTMENTALIZATION TO PREVENT ODOR OR UNWANTED AIR TRANSFER (contim
 ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
    that can be air sealed to
    reduce transfer as part of
    the building upgrade. ASTM
    El 186-03 (2009) Standard
    Practices for Air  Leakage
    Site Detection in Building
    Envelopes and Air Barrier
    Systems can be used to guide
    the air sealing assessment
    work.

  • Inspect and identify all
    joints, seams and leaks in the
    ventilation duct system that
    can be sealed.
                   MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
    Minimum Actions of the sections referenced above. If necessary,
    provide mechanically supplied make-up air to spaces with
    mechanical exhaust to prevent excess negative pressure. The
    total net exhaust flow of the two largest exhaust appliances
    (including kitchen fan and clothes dryer) shall  be limited to
    15 cfm per 100 square feet of occupiable floor area when in
    operation at full capacity, or compensating outdoor airflow must
    be provided.
Note:
Effective compartmentalization can be difficult to achieve with a
central exhaust ventilation system because the system experiences
significant pressure fluctuations due to seasonal conditions affecting
the stack effect pressures within the building.
•   If the existing ventilation system relies on make-up air provided
    from pressurized corridors to each dwelling unit via leaks
    around entry doors (e.g., door undercuts and doors that are not
    weather-stripped), then the compartmentalization principle can
    be compromised by air drawn from neighboring spaces. Prevent
    unwanted air transfer and cross contamination from adjacent
    spaces by implementing compartmentalization air sealing as
    described below.
3. Air Sealing
3a. Air Sealing - General
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                                  •  Where leakage of odors or unwanted air transfer between
                                     adjacent areas has been identified, reduce the transfer by using
                                     sealants or caulking to create a continuous air barrier. Seal all
                                     penetrations in the adjoining surfaces including joints between
                                     walls, ceilings and floors; electrical outlets and switches; wiring,
                                     plumbing and duct penetrations; and chase ways.
                                  •  Seal openings between mechanical rooms and occupied spaces:
                                      o Air seal ventilation  ductwork.
                                      o Provide tight-fitting windows and self-closing doors fitted with
                                        gaskets in the spaces that are likely to be sources of irritating
                                        or noxious odors.
                                      o Seal the enclosure  at receiving areas or docks.
                                      o Make as airtight a connection as practical between the
                                        bottom of the trash chute and the compactor and dumpster
                                        assembly. Limit makeup air provided to trash rooms to below
                                        exhaust airflows to  maintain a negative pressure relative to
                                        adjacent  spaces, which will reduce odor and pollutant release
                                        to upper floors during corridor trash door use.
                                      o Provide all combustion air and makeup air for equipment in
                                        the mechanical room from  the outdoors.
                                  3b. Air Sealing- Dwelling Units
                                  •  Where leakage of odors or unwanted air transfer between
                                     adjacent dwelling units has been identified, and the dwelling
                                     unit compartmentalization can be accomplished as part of the
                                     building upgrade project, all penetrations between adjoining
                                     dwelling units and where fire walls are located must be air
                                     sealed with suitable air sealing or fire stop materials. Where
                                     possible, air  sealing shall be directed to openings in interior
                                     surfaces without tightening the exterior. According to the 2012
                                     International Building  code, walls
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES

-------
    ASSESSMENT
   PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
                           separating dwelling units in the same building, walls separating sleeping
                           units in the same building, shall be treated as fire partitions.
                        •  If new ventilation systems are being installed, avoid pressurizing corridors
                           or depressurizing dwelling units more than 5 Pascals below the pressure in
                           adjacent units.
                        •  If common hallways are intentionally pressurized with respect to the dwelling
                           units, then doors in the dwelling units leading to the common hallways
                           need not be weather-stripped, provided that dwelling units are at a negative
                           pressure relative to the hallways of 1 Pascal or greater when the doors
                           between the hallway dwelling unit are closed.
                       Notes:
                       (1) Compartmentalization is intended to reduce odors due to unwanted air
                           transfer, but it does not eliminate them.
                       (2) Compartmentalization activities must consider ventilation system design
                           and operating characteristics to reduce driving forces for unintended airflow
                           between dwelling units.
                       (3) When air sealing, the air barrier assembly must have been evaluated by
                           the Air Barrier Association of America (ABAA) and installed according to
                           manufacturer's specifications. Fire-rated assemblies must be sealed using
                           approved fire-rated materials. The fire rating requirements supersede the
                           ABAA evaluation requirement.
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
References for Priority Issue 16.0 Compartmentalization to Control Odor or Unwanted
Air Transfer:

ABAA: Air Barrier Materials, Components, Assemblies & Systems
ASHRAE: Standard 62.2-2013 - Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASTM  E779-10: Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
ASTM  E1186-03 (2009): Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
ASTM  E1827-11: Standard Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Buildings Using an Orifice Blower Door
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades, Section 3: Air Sealing
EPA: Building Air Quality Action Plan, Step 2: Develop an IAQ Profile of Your Building, Part 2: Conduct a Walkthrough
International Code Council: International Building Code, 2012 Edition
UL: Fire-Resistance and Smoke Protection
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
                                      PRIORITY ISSUE 17.0 HVAC EQUIPMENT
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 AP 17.1 Evaluate the Condition of
 Existing HVAC Systems and Components
 Evaluate the condition of existing HVAC
 systems and their components (e.g.,
 furnaces, boilers, cooling equipment, air
 handlers, exhaust air systems, make-up
 air systems, heat pumps and ductwork)
 in accordance with minimum inspection
 standards of ASHRAE/ACCA
 Standard 180, or other equivalent
 industry standards.
 Refer to Priority Issues 18.0 through
 20.0 for outdoor air ventilation, as
 applicable to the type of ventilation
 system, and Priority Issue 21.0 Local
 Exhaust Ventilation for additional
 guidance.
 AP 17.2 Determine Appropriate HVAC
 System Sizing
 Determine whether the existing HVAC
 systems are sized properly. Refer to
 the Air Conditioning Contractors of
 America (ACCA) Manual J for  low-rise
 residential applications, ACCA Manual
 N for commercial applications, the
 ASHRAE Load Calculation Applications
 Manual, ASHRAE Standard  183, or
 ASHRAE Handbooks for HVAC load
 calculations. Refer to ACCA Manual S
 or ASHRAE Handbooks for equipment
 selection. If HVAC  system replacements
 or modifications are anticipated, base
 heating/cooling load and equipment
 sizing calculations on post-upgrade
 conditions.
MA 17.1 Implement Corrective Actions
for Proper HVAC Operation
Based on the results of the system
assessment (e.g., equipment condition,
size and feasibility of corrective
actions), repair, modify or recommend
installing new HVAC equipment to
ensure it can provide the needed
ventilation,  temperature and humidity
control. The ability to modify and adjust
the existing HVAC equipment may be
limited by its initial design. Review the
original equipment specifications and
seek outside engineering assistance as
needed.
If maintenance, cleaning or repairs are
needed to restore the HVAC system
to proper functioning, perform in
accordance  with ASHRAE Standard 180,
ACCA Standard 6, ASHRAE  Handbooks,
or equivalent standards and guidelines.
Refer to Priority Issues 18.0 through
20.0 for outdoor air ventilation, as
applicable to the  type of ventilation
system, and Priority Issue 21.0 Local
Exhaust Ventilation for  additional
guidance.
MA 17.2 Properly Size  and  Install New
HVAC Equipment
If replacing equipment, base equipment
sizing calculations on the post-upgrade
heating and cooling load calculations.
Use ACCA Manual J for low-rise
residential applications, ACCA Manual
N for commercial applications, the
ASHRAE Load  Calculation Applications
Manual, ASHRAE Standard 183,  or
ASHRAE Handbooks for HVAC load
calculations. Use ACCA Manual S or
ASHRAE Handbooks for equipment
selection.
Install  new equipment  in accordance
with ACCA Standard 5  and verify
installation  in accordance with ACCA
Standard 9, ASHRAE Handbooks, or
equivalent standards and guidelines.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 17.1 Install Higher Efficiency Filters
in HVAC Systems
For new HVAC systems, install filters
with the highest MERV rating that the
equipment is capable of physically
accommodating and for which there is
adequate fan capacity to overcome the
filters' pressure drop.
For existing systems, check with the
manufacturer to determine whether
filters with higher MERV ratings can be
installed. Install filters with the highest
MERV rating that can be accommodated
by the equipment.
EA 17.2 Provide Additional HVAC
Training to Building Operations and
Maintenance Staff
Conduct follow-up training (e.g., 6
months or 1 year after the initial
training). This will reinforce staff
skills and knowledge and provide an
opportunity for staff to ask questions
after they become familiar with the
upgraded building and systems.
Recommend building operations and
maintenance staff attend a  Building
Operator Certification (BOC) course or
other comparable training regarding
HVAC, IAQ and energy use.
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
  ASSESSMENT
   PROTOCOLS
       (AP)
                                 PRIORITY ISSUE 17.0 HVAC EQUIPMENT (continued)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
                   MA 17.3 Ensure There is Adequate Air Filtration
                   For HVAC equipment that serves dwelling units, ensure new HVAC systems have air
                   filtration with a  minimum  MERV 6 rating, located upstream of thermal conditioning
                   equipment, as stated in ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013.
                   If nonresidential spaces are included in the scope of work, ensure new HVAC systems
                   have air filtration with a minimum MERV 8 rating, located upstream of all cooling coils
                   or other devices with wetted surfaces, as stated in ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013.
                   For existing HVAC systems, check with the manufacturers to determine whether filters
                   with these MERV ratings can be accommodated by the equipment and, if not, install
                   filters with the highest MERV rating that can be accommodated.
                   There shall be no air bypass around filters, and no air cleaners designed to
                   intentionally produce ozone shall  be installed.
                   MA 17.4 Control Bacterial Growth in HVAC Systems and Mechanical Equipment
                   Follow ASHRAE Standard 188-2015 or OSHA Technical Manual, Section III: Chapter
                   7 Legionnaires'  Disease to protect against  bacterial growth in building water systems
                   (e.g., cooling towers, evaporative condensers, humidifiers, hot and cold water systems,
                   fire sprinkler systems, ice machines, eyewash stations, safety showers).
                   MA 17.5 Train Building Staff on HVAC Operations and Maintenance
                   After the upgrade, building staff should be trained on the operations and maintenance
                   of the HVAC systems including the outdoor air ventilation strategy (see Priority Issues
                   18.0 through 20.0,  as applicable); temperature, humidity and other  HVAC controls;
                   measuring and adjusting airflows; preventative maintenance; and troubleshooting
                   problems. The training should include any needed seasonal adjustments, air filter
                   change-out schedules, control system set point adjustments, and other maintenance
                   and operational  requirements for mechanical equipment. An operations and
                   maintenance manual should be provided to the  building staff.

                   ฃ9. Discuss with the building owner or property manager the need to educate
                   occupants about the basic operation of ventilation, heating and cooling systems in
                   dwelling units. This  should include any maintenance (e.g., air filter change-out) and
                   adjustments that are the occupants' responsibility.
References for Priority Issue 17.0 HVAC Equipment:
ACCA: Manual J Residential Load Calculation
ACCA: Manual N Commercial Load Calculation
ACCA: Manual S Residential Equipment Selection
ACCA: ANSI/ACCA Standard 5 QI-2015. HVAC Quality Installation Specification
ACCA: ANSI/ACCA Standard 6 QR-2015, Restoring the Cleanliness of HVAC Systems
ACCA: ANSI/ACCA Standard 9 Qlvp-2011, HVAC Quality Installation Verification Protocols
American Technical Publishers and the International Union of Operating Engineers: Indoor Air Quality Solutions for Stationary Engineers
ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2012, Standard Practice for Inspection and Maintenance of Commercial Building HVAC Systems
ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2014), Peak Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASHRAE Standard 188-2015, Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems
ASHRAE: Handbook-Fundamentals
ASHRAE: Handbook-HVAC Systems and Equipment
ASHRAE: Load Calculation Applications Manual
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Section 5.8
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings Section 6.7
DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades, Sections 2.0702.2 and 2.0702.4, and Section 5: Heating and Cooling
EPA: Residential Air Cleaners (Second Edition) A Summary of Available Information
OSHA: OSHA Technical Manual, Section III: Chapter 7 Legionnaires' Disease

  E9
  HH  Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                 PRIORITY ISSUE 18.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR INDIVIDUAL DWELLING UNITS
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 18.1 Determine Whether Dwelling
 Units Have Individual Mechanical
 Ventilation Systems
 Individual  mechanical ventilation
 systems in dwelling units include the
 following configurations:
 • Occupant-controlled bath and/or
   kitchen exhaust fans in a dwelling
   unit. Can also include operable
   windows in a dwelling unit, in
   combination with the exhaust fans.
 • Continuously operating bath and/or
   kitchen exhaust fans in a dwelling
   unit (with or without operable
   windows), or other exhaust fan(s)
   provided in a dwelling unit for
   mechanical ventilation.
 • Outdoor air ventilation supplied via a
   dwelling unit's space conditioning air
   handler.
 For other dwelling unit ventilation
 configurations, refer to Priority Issue
 19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple
 Dwelling Units Using Central Exhaust
 or Priority Issue 20.0 Natural (Not Fan-
 Powered) Ventilation.
 AP 18.2 Determine Whether Dwelling
 Unit  Mechanical Ventilation Systems
 Meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
 Requirements
 Determine whether the mechanical
 ventilation systems  in dwelling units
 meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
 requirements (including Appendix A
 for existing buildings and Section 8 for
 multifamily buildings). This includes:
 • Dwelling unit ventilation rate.
 • Bath and kitchen exhaust fan airflow
   rates.
 • Proper location of exhaust
   discharges.
 Conduct the assessment in as many
 dwelling units as possible.  If a sample
 of dwelling units is assessed, be sure
 to include  any units  for which there are
 indoor air quality complaints.
 AP 18.3 Determine Whether Common
 Corridors and Nonresidential Spaces
 Meet Ventilation  Requirements
 Determine the amount of outdoor
      MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
    SMA 18.1 Repair and Upgrade
    Dwelling Unit Mechanical
    Ventilation Systems As Needed
If dwelling units are served by individual
mechanical ventilation systems:
•  Ensure a continuous or intermittent
   operating schedule in the dwelling
   unit to meet ASHRAE Standard
   62.2-2013 ventilation requirements.
   Ensure controls are operating
   properly.
•  If ventilation air is provided integral
   to the space conditioning system,
   the system shall be configured to
   provide the required ventilation
   regardless of the heating or cooling
   demand in the dwelling unit.
•  If each dwelling unit has dedicated
   mechanical exhaust for outdoor air
   ventilation:
    o Adjust, repair, or replace existing
      exhaust ducts and fans serving
      the dwelling unit as needed to
      meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-
      2013 requirements (including
      Appendix A and Section 8).
    o Remove blockages in exhaust
      grilles, ductwork and components
      (e.g., constant airflow regulators).
    o Ensure ducts for all exhaust fans
      terminate outside the building.
    o Air seal exhaust ventilation
      ductwork with approved materials
      to prevent duct leakage within
      building cavities.
    o Advise the building owner or
      property manager to implement
      a preventative maintenance plan
      to inspect exhaust grilles  in all
      dwelling units at least once per
      year.
•  Ensure outdoor air intakes that
   are part of ventilation systems
   for dwelling units are located a
   minimum distance of 10 feet from
   contaminant sources including
   plumbing stacks, vents, exhaust
   hood discharges or vehicle exhaust
   (see ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013).
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 18.1 Install Balanced Ventilation
Systems With Energy Recovery in
Dwelling Units
To provide balanced ventilation and
reduce the heating and cooling costs
associated with outdoor air ventilation
consider installing energy recovery
equipment when the exhaust airflows
from the dwelling unit can  be readily
combined to flow through an energy
recovery device to pre-condition the
incoming outdoor ventilation air.
EA 18.2 Meet Outdoor Air  Filtration and
Air-Cleaning Requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 189.1, As Applicable to
Nonresidential Spaces
For nonresidential spaces that are
included in the scope of  service, in
geographic locations where the outdoor
air exceeds the  national standards
for particulate matter (PM25, PM10)
or ozone, ensure that the outdoor air
filtration and air-cleaning requirements
of ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014,
Section 8.3.1.3 are met  for mechanical
ventilation systems:
 •  Particulate-matter filters or air-
   cleaning devices with a MERV of at
    least 8 shall be used in areas where
   the National Ambient Air Quality
   Standard for PM10 is exceeded.
 •  Particulate-matter filters or air-
   cleaning devices with a MERV
   of at least 13 shall be  used in
   areas where the National Ambient
   Air Quality Standard  for PM25 is
   exceeded.
 • Air-cleaning devices  to remove
   ozone must be provided and used in
   areas that are in "nonattainment"
   with the National Ambient Air
   Quality Standard for  ozone. The
   ozone removal efficiency of the
   system shall be at least 40%.
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
           PRIORITY ISSUE 18.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR INDIVIDUAL DWELLING UNITS (continued)
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 air ventilation provided to common
 corridors and whether this meets the
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 minimum
 requirement of 0.06 cfm per square foot
 of floor area.

 If nonresidential spaces (e.g., exercise
 rooms, lobbies, mailrooms, commercial/
 retail spaces) are included in the
 scope of service, determine whether
 the ventilation in these spaces meets
 the requirements of ASHRAE Standard
 62.1-2013.

 AP 18.4 Identify and Assess Outdoor Air
 Intakes
 Identify the location of outdoor air
 intakes for all ventilation systems and
 assess their distances from outdoor
 pollutant sources (e.g., vehicle exhaust,
 plumbing vents, exhaust discharges).
      MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 18.2 Repair, Adjust and Upgrade
Ventilation Systems in Common
Corridors and Nonresidential Spaces As
Needed
Ensure common corridors in the
building meet the ASHRAE Standard
62.1-2013 minimum outdoor air
ventilation rate requirement of 0.06 cfm
per square foot of floor  area.
If included  in the scope of service,
ensure nonresidential spaces in
the building meet the ventilation
requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 62.1-2013.
If it is not possible to achieve  the
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013
minimum outdoor air ventilation rates,
adjust systems to provide the maximum
amount of outdoor air ventilation
possible.
EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
References for Priority Issue 18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Individual Dwelling Units:
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 -Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 -Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014, Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Section 8.3.1.3 Filtration and Air Cleaner Requirement
EPA: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in  New and Existing Multi-Family Buildings With Individual Unit Ventilation Systems
            Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 19.1 Determine Whether Dwelling
 Units Are Served by Central Mechanical
 Exhaust Ventilation Systems
 Central exhaust ventilation systems
 serving multiple dwelling units is a
 configuration where the building has
 one or more central exhaust fans, each
 of which serves multiple dwelling units.
 Ventilation is provided to dwelling units
 via outdoor make-up air induced by  the
 central exhaust fans.
 Note:
 A central HVAC air handler supplying
 outdoor air directly to multiple
 dwelling units is  uncommon in existing
 multifamily residential buildings. This
 document does not include guidance for
 this configuration.
 For other dwelling unit ventilation
 configurations, refer to Priority Issue
 18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
 Individual Dwelling Units or 20.0
 Natural (Not Fan-Powered) Ventilation.
 AP 19.2 Determine Whether Central
 Mechanical Exhaust Ventilation Systems
 Meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
 Requirements
 Determine whether the ventilation in
 each dwelling unit meets ASHRAE
 Standard 62.2-2013  requirements
 (including Appendix A for existing
 buildings and Section 8 for multifamily
 buildings). This includes:
 • Dwelling unit ventilation rate.
 • Bath and kitchen exhaust fan airflow
   rates.
 • Proper location of exhaust
   discharges.
 Conduct the assessment in as many
 dwelling units as possible. If a sample
 of dwelling units  is assessed, be sure
 to include any units for which there  are
 indoor air quality complaints.
 AP 19.3 Determine Whether Common
 Corridors and Nonresidential Spaces
 Meet Ventilation  Requirements
 Determine the amount of outdoor
 air ventilation provided to common
 corridors and whether this meets the
 ASHRAE  Standard 62.1-2013 minimum
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
ฃ9. MA 19.1 Repair and Upgrade
Central Mechanical Exhaust Ventilation
Systems As Needed
If dwelling units are served by central
mechanical exhaust systems:
•  Adjust, repair, or replace the
   ventilation systems so each dwelling
   unit served by the central exhaust
   system meets the requirements
   of ASHRAE  Standard 62.2-2013
   for existing buildings (including
   Appendix A  and Section 8),
   including:
    o Adjust, repair or replace the
      central fans, ductwork and
      fittings to meet ASHRAE
      Standard 62.2-2013
      requirements for whole-building
      ventilation for all dwelling units
      served.
    o Ensure that each dwelling unit
      receives  the required exhaust
      airflow by:
      - Removing blockages in exhaust
        ductwork.
      - Air sealing exhaust air
        ductwork using approved
        materials.  Ensure the roof
        curb connection, the lateral
        connections, and the sheetrock/
        plaster  connections behind the
        exhaust grilles are sealed.
      - Installing air-regulating exhaust
        dampers at each exhaust
        grille (typically proprietary
        flow-limiting devices or orifice
        plates).
•  If  possible, adjust the exhaust
   system to provide continuous
   operation, and meet the ASHRAE
   Standard 62.2-2013 whole-building
   ventilation rate requirement for each
   dwelling unit. Intermittent operation
   should be avoided  unless each
   unit is provided with a backdraft
   damper or motorized damper at each
   exhaust point.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 19.1 Air Seal Exhaust Ventilation
Shaft
Air seal the central exhaust system's
ventilation shaft with a spray seal
system (aerosol or fluid applied). This
allows sealing of the leakage area
associated with non-accessible duct
joints to provide pressure control and
improve the capability to balance
exhaust airflows among dwelling units.
Ensure that the ductwork sealing
required under Minimum Actions (roof
curb connections, lateral connections
and connections behind exhaust grilles)
has been completed before air sealing
the ventilation  shaft.
EA 19.2 Meet Outdoor Air Filtration and
Air-Cleaning Requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 189.1, As Applicable to
Nonresidential Spaces
If nonresidential spaces are  included
in the scope of service, in geographic
locations where the outdoor  air exceeds
the national standards for particulate
matter (PM25, PM10) or ozone, ensure
that the outdoor air filtration and
air-cleaning requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 189.1-2014, Section 8.3.1.3
are met for mechanical ventilation
systems:
 •   Particulate-matter filters or air-
   cleaning devices with a  MERV of at
    least 8 shall be used in  areas where
   the National Ambient Air Quality
   Standard for PM10 is exceeded.
 •   Particulate-matter filters or air-
    cleaning devices with a  MERV
    of at least  13  shall be used in
    areas where the National Ambient
    Air Quality Standard for PM25 is
    exceeded.
 •  Air-cleaning devices to remove
   ozone must be provided and used in
   areas that are in "nonattainment"
   with the National Ambient Air
   Quality Standard  for  ozone. The
   ozone removal  efficiency of the
   system shall be at least  40%.
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
              PRIORITY ISSUE 19.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR MULTIPLE DWELLING UNITS USING
                                          CENTRAL EXHAUST (continued)
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 requirement of 0.06 cfm per square foot
 of floor area.
 If nonresidential spaces (e.g., exercise
 rooms, lobbies, mailrooms, commercial/
 retail spaces) are included in the
 scope of service, determine whether
 the ventilation  in these spaces meets
 the requirements of ASHRAE Standard
 62.1-2013.

 AP 19.4 Identify and Assess Outdoor Air
 Intakes

 Identify the location of outdoor air
 intakes and assess their distances from
 outdoor pollutant sources (e.g., vehicle
 exhaust, plumbing vents, exhaust
 discharges).
                MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
 •  Compartmentalize to reduce make-up air coming from
   adjacent units. Refer to Priority Issue 16.0.
    o If make-up air is provided by pressurized corridors, do
      not apply weather stripping to unit entry doors; restore
      or repair make-up air system as needed.
    o If make-up air is not provided by pressurized corridor
      systems, provide outdoor make-up air in each dwelling
      unit (e.g.,  trickle vents) and do not install pressurized
      corridor make-up air systems.
    o Advise the building owner or property manager to
      implement a preventative maintenance  plan to inspect
      exhaust grilles in all dwelling units at least once  per
      year.
 •  Ensure outdoor air intakes that are part of ventilation
   systems for dwelling units are located a minimum
   distance of 10 feet from contaminant sources including
   plumbing stacks, vents, exhaust hood discharges or
   vehicle exhaust (see ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013).
 •  If mechanical exhaust systems serve several areas, ensure
   the backdraft dampers are installed as required by local
   codes and ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013.
MA 19.2 Repair, Adjust and Upgrade Ventilation Systems in
Common Corridors and Nonresidential Spaces As Needed
Ensure common corridors in the building meet the ASHRAE
Standard 62.1-2013 minimum outdoor air ventilation rate
requirement of 0.06  cfm per square foot of floor area.
If included  in the scope of service, ensure nonresidential
spaces in the building meet the ventilation requirements of
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013.
If it is not possible to achieve the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-
2013  minimum outdoor air ventilation rates, adjust systems
to provide the maximum amount of outdoor air ventilation
possible.
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
References for Priority Issue 19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple Dwelling Units Using
Central Exhaust:
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 -Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 -Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014, Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Section 8.3.1.3 Filtration and Air Cleaner
  Requirement
EPA: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Existing or New Buildings With Central  Roof Exhaust
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA): Improving Central Exhaust Systems for Multifamily Buildings
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                         PRIORITY ISSUE 20.0 NATURAL (NOT FAN-POWERED) VENTILATION
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 20.1 Determine Whether Dwelling
 Units Are Served By Natural Ventilation
 (Not Fan-Powered) Systems
 Natural ventilation is a configuration
 where outdoor air ventilation is
 provided to dwelling units without using
 mechanical fans, and includes passive
 rooftop hoods, passive exhaust shafts
 and exhaust grilles that serve one or
 more dwelling units.
 For other dwelling unit ventilation
 configurations, refer to Priority Issue
 18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
 Individual Dwelling Units or Priority
 Issue 19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for
 Multiple Dwelling Units Using Central
 Exhaust.
 AP 20.2 Determine Whether ASHRAE
 Standard 62.2-2013 Mechanical
 Ventilation Exceptions Are Met
 Determine whether  the dwelling units
 and/or building meet the exceptions
 to the whole-building mechanical
 ventilation requirement in ASHRAE
 Standard 62.2-2013, Section 4.1.1.
 AP 20.3 Determine Whether Common
 Corridors and Nonresidential Spaces
 Meet Ventilation Requirements
 Determine the amount of outdoor
 air ventilation provided to common
 corridors and whether this meets the
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 minimum
 requirement of 0.06 cfm per square foot
 of floor area.
 If nonresidential spaces (e.g., exercise
 rooms, lobbies, mailrooms, and
 commercial/retail spaces) are included
 in the scope of service, determine
 whether the ventilation in these spaces
 meets the requirements of ASHRAE
 Standard 62.1-2013.
 AP 20.4 Identify and Assess Openings
 for Outdoor Air Ventilation
 Identify the location of openings for
 outdoor air ventilation and assess their
 distances from outdoor pollutant sources
 (e.g., vehicle exhaust, plumbing vents,
 exhaust discharges).
       MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
ฃ9. MA 20.1 Repair and Upgrade
Natural Ventilation Systems As Needed
If the  dwelling unit is served by
natural ventilation and does not meet
the exceptions to the whole-building
mechanical ventilation requirement in
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013, Section
4.1.1, or does not perform  as intended,
convert the natural ventilation system to
a fan-powered system:
 •  In dwelling units that have no fan-
   powered space conditioning systems,
   install a low-noise (1  sone or less)
   exhaust fan ducted directly to the
   outdoors for each bathroom and
   kitchen. Ensure that each exhaust
   fan meets the local exhaust (e.g.,
   kitchen or bath) requirements of
   ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
   and at least one exhaust fan (or
   a system including multiple fans)
   meets ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
   requirements for whole-building
   ventilation (per the Standard's
   Appendix A and Section 8).
 •  In dwelling units equipped with
   fan-powered air handlers for space
   conditioning equipment, where
   possible:
    o Provide ducted, filtered outdoor
      air to the return side of the
      HVAC unit and install a timer to
      ensure the  operating schedule
      and outdoor air ventilation rate
      meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-
      2013 intermittent ventilation
      requirements. The system shall
      be capable of providing the
      required ventilation  regardless of
      the heating or cooling demand in
      the dwelling unit.
    o Install  a low-noise (1 sone
      or less) exhaust fan  ducted
      directly to the outdoors in
      each bathroom and  kitchen,
      meeting the requirements of
      ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013.
      If providing central fan-powered
      mechanical exhaust ventilation
      systems as part of the building
      upgrade, refer to Priority Issue
      19.0 Mechanical  Ventilation for
      Multiple Dwelling Units Using
      Central Exhaust.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 20.1 Include Requirements for
Advanced Passive Ventilation Systems
If a passive ventilation system is desired
in lieu of a mechanical system, the
passive system must be designed and
approved by a licensed engineer taking
into account expected stack effect,
wind, and local terrain and shielding.
Implement all air sealing measures
described in Minimum Action 19.1 and
Expanded Action 19.1 for the central
ventilation shaft(s) to ensure airflow is
from the dwelling units and not from
shaft leakage.
The ventilation rate for each dwelling
unit must be sufficient to achieve the
goal of an ASHRAE Standard 62.2-
2013 mechanical ventilation rate,
specifically that the annual average
ventilation rate shall not be less than if
a mechanical system  had been installed
in accordance with ASHRAE Standard
62.2-2013.
EA 20.2 Meet Outdoor Air Filtration and
Air-Cleaning Requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 189.1, As Applicable to
Nonresidential Spaces
If nonresidential spaces are included
in the scope of service,  in geographic
locations where the outdoor air exceeds
the national standards for particulate
matter (PM25, PM10) or ozone, ensure
that the outdoor air filtration and
air-cleaning requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 189.1-2014, Section 8.3.1.3
are met for mechanical ventilation
systems:
 •   Particulate-matter filters or air-
    cleaning devices with a MERV of at
    least 8 shall be used in areas where
    the National Ambient Air Quality
    Standard for PM10 is exceeded.
 •   Particulate-matter filters or air-
    cleaning devices with a MERV
    of at least 13 shall be used  in
    areas where the National Ambient
    Air Quality Standard for PM25 is
    exceeded.
       Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                    PRIORITY ISSUE 20.0 NATURAL (NOT FAN-POWERED) VENTILATION (continued)
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
                                       •  Ensure ventilation openings
                                          for introducing outdoor air into
                                          dwelling units are located a
                                          minimum distance of 10 feet from
                                          contaminant sources including
                                          plumbing stacks, vents, exhaust
                                          hood discharges or vehicle exhaust
                                          (see ASHRAE  Standard 62.2-2013).
                                       MA 20.2 Repair, Adjust and Upgrade
                                       Ventilation Systems  in Common
                                       Corridors and Nonresidential Spaces As
                                       Needed
                                       Ensure common corridors in the
                                       building meet the ASHRAE Standard
                                       62.1-2013 minimum outdoor air
                                       ventilation rate  requirement of 0.06 cfm
                                       per square foot  of floor area.
                                       If included in the  scope of service,
                                       ensure nonresidential spaces in
                                       the building meet the ventilation
                                       requirements of ASHRAE Standard
                                       62.1-2013.
                                       If it is not possible to achieve the
                                       ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013
                                       minimum outdoor air ventilation rates,
                                       adjust systems to  provide the maximum
                                       amount of outdoor air ventilation
                                       possible.
EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
                                •  Air-cleaning devices that remove
                                   ozone must be provided and used in
                                   areas that are in "nonattainment"
                                   with the National Ambient Air
                                   Quality Standard for ozone. The
                                   ozone removal efficiency of the
                                   system shall be at least 40%.
References for Priority Issue 20.0  Natural (Not Fan-Powered) Ventilation:

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 -Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 -Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014, Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Section 8.3.1.3 Filtration and Air Cleaner
  Requirement
EPA: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NCHH: Improving Ventilation  in Existing or New Buildings With Central Roof Exhaust
NCHH: Improving Ventilation  in Multi-Family Buildings That Do Not Have Fan-Powered Ventilation
NYSERDA: Improving Central  Exhaust Systems for Multifamily Buildings
            Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR  QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                PRIORITY ISSUE 21.0 LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 21.1 Identify Contaminant Sources
 That Require Exhaust Ventilation
 Identify rooms or areas with localized
 contaminant sources that require
 exhaust ventilation such as bathrooms,
 kitchens, garages and other spaces
 with strong pollutant sources. To the
 extent possible,  include nonresidential
 spaces in the building (e.g., retail
 spaces, fitness facilities, beauty
 and nail salons), which may require
 collaboration with the building owner,
 property manager, and other tenants and
 occupants within the building.
 AP 21.2 Assess  Dwelling Units for Local
 Exhaust and Compliance with ASHRAE
 Standard 62.2-2013
 Determine whether dwelling units in the
 building have local exhaust ventilation,
 particularly in kitchens and bathrooms.
 Determine whether the dwelling
 units comply with the local exhaust
 requirements for kitchens and
 bathrooms of ASHRAE Standard
 62.2-2013,  including the standard's
 Appendix A for existing buildings,
 as applicable. Determine kitchen
 and bathroom exhaust flow rates and
 whether exhaust is vented directly to the
 outdoors.
 AP 21.3 Assess  Clothes Dryer Exhausts
 Determine whether clothes dryers
 exhaust directly  to the outdoors.
 Condensing dryers piped to a drain are
 exempt. Inspect or verify that clothes
 dryer exhaust duct(s) do not discharge
 into crawlspaces or attics or within
 walls. Inspect clothes dryer vents for
 restrictions and  lint buildup.
 AP 21.4 Determine Whether Spaces
 Outside Dwelling Units Comply With
 Applicable Local Exhaust Requirements
 Determine whether spaces outside
 dwelling units in the building comply
 with the exhaust requirements of
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013, Table
 6.5, as applicable. To the extent
 possible,  include nonresidential spaces
 in the building (e.g., retail spaces,
 fitness facilities, beauty and nail salons,
 parking garages), which  may require
 collaboration with the building owner,
 property manager and other tenants.
           MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 21.1 Install, Repair or Replace Local Exhaust
Ventilation in Dwelling Units

If ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 requirements
for kitchen and  bathroom  exhausts are not met,
install, repair or replace local exhaust ventilation
in dwelling units to meet the  requirements.
Ensure ducts are sized and installed properly and
exhausted directly to the outdoors.

In dwelling units where local  exhaust ventilation
is deficient and  cannot be corrected with exhaust
fans, increase the whole-building ventilation
airflow that applies to the dwelling unit to
compensate  using the alternative compliance
method (Appendix A of Standard 62.2-2013).

Ensure that,  if provided, kitchen and bath
exhaust fans are operational,  vented directly
to the outdoors, and meet the continuous
or intermittent exhaust rate requirements of
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013.

•    Advise building management and occupants
    about the need to use exhaust fans in
kitchens and  bathrooms during activities that
generate pollutants and moisture (e.g., cooking
and showering).

MA 21.2 Ensure Proper Venting of Clothes Dryers

Ensure that all clothes dryers exhaust directly
to the outdoors and cannot be readily diverted
indoors by occupants. Condensing dryers piped to
a drain are exempt.

MA 21.3 Meet Exhaust Requirements for Spaces
Outside Dwelling Units

Install, repair or replace exhaust ventilation
in spaces outside dwelling units to meet the
minimum exhaust rates specified in ASHRAE
Standard 62.1-2013, Table 6.5. This may
include, for example, janitor closets, trash
storage areas, laundry facilities and parking
garages.

To the extent possible, work with the building
owner,  property  manager and  other building
tenants to ensure retail and other nonresidential
spaces have  exhaust ventilation that meets the
applicable requirements of ASHRAE Standard
62.1-2013,  Table 6.5.

MA 21.4 Implement Minimum Actions for
Compartmentalization to Supplement Exhaust
Ventilation
Follow the Minimum Actions  under Priority
Issue 16.0 Compartmentalization to enhance
the effectiveness of exhaust ventilation and
reduce odor migration and unwanted airflow from
adjacent spaces.
  EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA 21.1 Upgrade Kitchen and
Bath Exhausts
Ensure kitchen and bath
exhausts meet requirements
of ASHRAE Standard 62.2-
2013, without the need to use
the alternative compliance
path (Appendix A of ASHRAE
Standard 62.2-2013).
EA 21.2 Use Strategies in
Bathrooms to Control Local
Exhaust Fan
Use one or more  of the
following strategies in
bathrooms to control the use of
the local exhaust fan:
• An occupancy/motion
   sensor.
• An automatic humidistat
   controller.
• An automatic timer
   to operate the fan for
   20 minutes or more after
   an occupant  leaves the
   room.
• A continuously operating
   exhaust fan.
EA21.3 Install Additional
Local Exhaust Ventilation
For spaces outside dwelling
units with strong, localized
pollutant sources (e.g., arts
and crafts rooms, exercise
rooms, cleaning supply
closets), consider installing
dedicated local exhaust
ventilation.
EA 21.4 Implement
Expanded Actions for
Compartmentalization
to Supplement Exhaust
Ventilation
Follow the Expanded Actions
under Priority Issue 16.0
to further enhance the
effectiveness of exhaust
ventilation and reduce odor
migration and unwanted  airflow
from adjacent spaces.
References for Priority  Issue  21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation:
       ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
       ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 - Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
 ^H
 ffa  Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
SAFETY
                              PRIORITY ISSUE 22.0 BUILDING SAFETY FOR OCCUPANTS
  ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 22.1 Assess Building Safety
 Document safety hazards that are
 observed during the building IAQ
 walkthrough, energy audit or other
 inspections. Immediately inform
 the building owner and property
 manager of any urgent and life-
 threatening conditions.
 AP 22.2 Assess Smoke and CO
 Alarms
 Determine whether there are working
 smoke alarms and CO alarms
 installed in dwelling units and other
 locations in the building.
 AP 22.3 Identify Prevalence and
 Storage of Harmful Chemicals
 Identify  products containing
 hazardous chemicals (e.g., strong
 cleaners, hazardous materials,
 pesticides) that are stored in
 accessible locations.
 AP 22.4 Identify Fire Extinguisher
 Locations
 Check whether there are working
 fire extinguishers in dwelling units
 and appropriate common areas.
 Work with  the building owner or
 property manager to assess whether
 fire extinguisher placement  meets
 applicable codes.
 AP 22.5 Assess Water Heater
 Temperature Settings
 Determine whether water heater
 temperature settings are within the
 allowable limits of the local and
 state codes.
 AP 22.6 Assess Whether Knob-and-
 Tube Electrical Wiring Is  Present
 Assess whether knob-and-tube
 electrical wiring is present  in the
 building and whether it is located
 in areas impacted by the building
 upgrades.
             MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 22.1 Correct Safety Hazards Identified During
Assessments
Immediately correct urgent and life-threatening safety
risks. Correct other safety hazards during the building
upgrade activities.
MA 22.2 Correct Deficiencies in Smoke and CO
Alarms
M     Replace  non-functioning smoke and CO alarms.
     If smoke alarms or CO alarms are not present,
install new alarms consistent with local code
requirements; if local code requirements do not exist,
install smoke alarms and CO alarms in every dwelling
unit consistent with CPSC guidance and located
according to NFPA 720. If new batteries are used,
consider installing  10-year lithium batteries. Provide
client education on appropriate response to alarm
activation.
Note:
It is recommended that CO alarms have a digital
display and provide peak level readings.
MA 22.3 Recommend Appropriate Storage of
Hazardous Chemicals
Recommend appropriate and controlled storage of
products containing hazardous chemicals (e.g., strong
cleaners, hazardous materials, pesticides).
MA 22.4 Provide Adequate Fire Extinguishers
Work with the building owner or property manager to
ensure there are fire extinguishers installed according
to applicable  code requirements.
MA 22.5 Adjust Water Heater Temperatures
Ensure that water heater set points do not exceed
allowable limits of local and state codes. Otherwise,
ensure that water heater set points do not exceed
120ฐF to prevent scalding.
MA 22.6 Follow Precautions When Knob-and-Tube
Electrical Wiring Is Present
Follow the precautions outlined in DOE Standard
Work Specifications for Single-Family Home Energy
Upgrades, Section 2.0601.1, for knob-and-tube
electrical wiring. This includes requirements that
live knob-and-tube wiring shall not be covered  or
surrounded, and that exposed knob-and-tube wiring
shall be replaced with new appropriate wiring,  as
required  by the National Electrical Code or authority
having jurisdiction.
  EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
EA22.1 Install CO Alarms
Capable of Detecting and
Storing Low Levels
Install CO alarms that can
detect and store peak CO
levels of less than 30 parts
per million in dwelling units.
EA 22.2 Install Fall
Prevention Measures
Install grab bars and handrails
for fall prevention.  Install
guards to prevent falls as
stated in the NCHH-American
Public Health Association
(APHA) National Healthy
Housing Standard,  Section
3.7. For housing with small
children, recommend that
occupants install child safety
gates at the top and bottom
of stairs inside the  dwelling
unit.
EA 22.3 Install Light Switches
in Stairwells
Recommend installation of
light switches at the top and
bottom of all stairwells.
EA 22.4 Consider Step
Lighting
Consider installation of safety
lighting on or near steps.
Consider energy-efficient LED
lighting.
EA 22.5 Repair
Malfunctioning Doors,
Windows, Roofs and Floors
Repair malfunctioning doors,
windows, roofs and floors.
EA 22.6 Ensure Safety of
Electrical Systems
Have qualified personnel
ensure that electrical systems
are in accordance with
applicable codes.
References for Priority Issue 22.0 Multifamily
Building Safety:
CDC: Check for Safety: A Home Fall Prevention Checklist for Older
  Adults
CPSC: Carbon Monoxide Questions and Answers
      Appendix B: Property Management and Occupant Education
                        DOE: Standard Work Specifications for Single-Family Home Energy
                          Upgrades, Section 2.0601.1
                        EPA: Safer Choice
                        NCHH-APHA: National Healthy Housing Standard, Section 3.7
                        NFPA 720:  Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
                          Detection and Warning Equipment
                        UL 2034: Standard for Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide
                          Alarms
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                PRIORITY ISSUE 23.0 PROTECTING INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) DURING CONSTRUCTION
      ASSESSMENT
     PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 23.1 Assess Occupan-
 cy During Construction
 Periods
 Determine the nature of
 building occupancy during
 the construction periods.
 Identify areas of the build-
 ing that will be occupied.
 Identify any special needs
 of the building occupants
 (e.g., children, elderly, dis-
 abled). Identify occupant
 complaints or concerns.
 AP 23.2 Identify Construc-
 tion Contaminants and
 Pathways
 Identify potential IAQ
 contaminant sources from
 building upgrades (e.g.,
 activities, materials and
 equipment that have the
 potential to cause IAQ
 problems) and pathways
 through which contami-
 nants could affect the air
 quality for the building
 occupants (e.g., adjacent
 areas, return ducts, stair-
 wells).
 AP 23.3 Identify Risk of
 Mercury Exposure
 Identify the extent to
 which mercury exposure  is
 a risk during the building
 upgrade.
 Mercury exposure is a
 risk in a building where
 broken mercury-containing
 products and  devices such
 as thermometers, thermo-
 stats, compact fluorescent
 lamp (CFL) bulbs, and
 fluorescent lamps are
 identified—especially
 when a designated place
 for proper disposal of such
 material is not available.
 If the upgrade involves
 installing or replacing
 mercury-containing prod-
 ucts such as thermostats,
 thermometers, fluorescent
 lamps and CFL bulbs, mer-
 cury  is a potential risk as
 part of the upgrade.
                   MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
    MA 23.1 Minimize Occupant and Worker Exposures During
Construction
When conducting activities that may result in exposure to airborne
contaminants (e.g., cutting or grinding materials, painting, installing
insulation) comply with local laws and adhere to the Sheet Metal
and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA)
Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Con-
struction. Minimize occupant and worker exposure to VOCs, particles
and other airborne contaminants using the following procedures:
•  Restrict building occupants and workers without the personal
   protective equipment needed for the work being performed from
   construction areas.
•  Separate construction areas from occupied portions of the build-
   ing using appropriate containment and ventilation practices. En-
   sure that work areas are properly isolated (e.g., by constructing a
   sealed, rigid-wall air barrier with a lockable door separating  the
   work area from occupants or isolating smaller work areas with a
   plastic sheeting air barrier). Ensure that work areas are ventilated
   with exhaust to the outdoors to protect workers and occupants.
   Contaminants should be captured as close as possible to the
   emissions source.  Work areas should be under negative pressure
   relative to surrounding spaces.  Ensure that construction contami-
   nants exhausted to the outdoors do not re-enter the building.
Note:
If negative pressurization in the work areas is not possible, consider
an exhausted double  wall buffer zone to separate work areas from
surrounding areas.
•  Ensure fire egress requirements from occupied portions of the
   building are  maintained when  isolating work areas.
•  Do not conduct dry sanding without implementing containment
   measures for the dust generated.
 •  Establish vehicle staging areas for loading and unloading mate-
    rials and equipment at least 100 feet from outdoor air intakes,
    operable windows and entryways to the building.
 •  Clean the area thoroughly and frequently, and before re-entry of
    unprotected workers or occupants to ensure removal of any  dust
    that may contain pollutants. Use sealed  HEPA-rated vacuums.
 •  Follow all manufacturers' printed instructions, which may indi-
    cate the need to evacuate building occupants and other unpro-
    tected individuals from work areas during and for some period
    after the use of a  product.
 •  Ensure sufficient ventilation and cure time to protect occupants
    before re-entry into the work area.
 •  Create specific plans to contain particulate matter during demo-
    lition activities.
 •  Limit the impact of airborne contaminants released by roof-
    ing materials during installation (e.g., hot mop asphalt, seam
    sealing on ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polyvinyl
    chloride or modified  bitumen roofing). Establish isolation barri-
    ers and keep roofing materials  away from outdoor air intakes.
 •  Promptly respond to any occupant complaints or concerns.
       EXPANDED
     ACTIONS (EA)
EA23.1 Consider Ad-
ditional Protections As
Appropriate
Consider  implementing
the following options:
 •   Require rigid-wall air
    barriers with sealed,
    lockable entries be-
    tween work areas and
    occupied spaces and
    provide negative pres-
    surization to contain
    contaminants.
 •   Create a buffer zone
    around work sites.
 •   Restrict construction
    activities to hours of
    reduced  occupancy
    when feasible.
 •   Conduct temporary air
    cleaning.
 •   Stage construction
    activities in controlla-
    ble sizes.
 •   Control pressuriza-
    tion and the indoor
    environment with
    temporary  HVAC
    equipment.
 •   Vacate the entire
    building, when fea-
    sible.
EA 23.2 Replace Mercu-
ry-Containing Products
and Materials, Where
Possible
Encourage replacement
of  mercury-containing
products and devices
(excluding fluorescent
lights and CFL bulbs)
with products that do not
contain mercury.
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES

-------
          PRIORITY ISSUE 23.0 PROTECTING INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) DURING CONSTRUCTION (continued)
  ASSESSMENT
   PROTOCOLS
       (AP)
MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
                   MA 23.2 Protect HVAC Systems
                   Protect HVAC systems from contaminants during work activities.
                   •  Seal openings in existing ducts located in work areas to avoid infiltration of dust
                      and debris.
                   •  New  HVAC equipment, ducts, diffusers and return registers should be stored in
                      a clean, dry place  and should be covered to prevent dust accumulation.
                   •  If operating an HVAC system that interfaces with work areas, ensure the system
                      does not pull return air from the work areas and install air filters with a MERV 8
                      rating or higher during construction activities.
                   •  Visually inspect ductwork after construction activities have been completed and
                      clean  internal surfaces as needed to remove dust  and debris.
                   •  Ensure all filters that were used during work activities have  been removed and
                      new filters are properly installed before operating  the HVAC system during occu-
                      pancy.
                   MA 23.3 Handle Mercury Properly
                   If mercury is identified, determine whether the building has a mercury spill re-
                   sponse plan and provide guidance to the property manager and occupants on how
                   to perform proper clean up. Refer to EPA guidance on clean up.
                   Take particular care not to break any mercury-containing materials during upgrade
                   activities. If an accidental spill occurs, refer to EPA guidance on clean up. Properly
                   dispose of fluorescent lighting and CFL bulbs that may be part of energy upgrade
                   activities.
                   MA 23.4 Protect Highly Absorptive Materials
                   Protect any existing absorptive materials (e.g., fabrics, furnishings, carpets) by fully
                   covering with plastic sheeting.  Fully secure all edges of sheeting to protect materi-
                   als from airborne contaminants and emissions caused by construction.
                   Schedule the installation of new absorbent materials after major dust and pollut-
                   ant-generating activities have been completed. Ensure that materials  have not been
                   exposed to moisture and are dry before installation.
                   MA 23.5 Safely Install Spray Foam  Insulation
                       Employ safe work practices to avoid exposure to SPF insulation. Follow the
                       manufacturers' printed instructions for vacating  building occupants, and other
                   unprotected  individuals not involved in the application of the SPF products, from
                   the premises during and for some period after SPF application. Require and confirm
                   SPF to be installed in strict accordance with manufacturer's printed requirements.
                   Note:
                   The curing time (complete reaction) of SPF insulation varies depending on the type
                   of product, application technique, temperature, humidity and other factors.  While
                   the SPF is curing, it still contains unreacted chemicals,  which  include isocyanates
                   and proprietary chemicals. Manufacturers estimate that it can take approximately 1
                   to 3 days after application tor the two-component high-pressure "professional" SPF
                   system to cure fully and approximately 8 to 24 hours for the one-component foam
                   to cure.  Exposure to isocyanates may cause skin, eye and lung irritation, asthma,
                   and sensitization. Exposures to isocyanates should be minimized. See EPA's Spray
                   Polyurethane Foam Web page for more information.
 EXPANDED
ACTIONS (EA)
References for Priority Issue 23.0  Protecting Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) During Construction:

American Chemistry Council: Spray Polyurethane Foam Health and Safety
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 -Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Section 7.1.4.2
EPA: Building Air Quality Action Plan, Step 8: Establish Procedures for Responding to IAQ Complaints
EPA: Mercury Releases and Spills
EPA: Spray Polyurethane Foam  (SPF) Home Insulation and How to Use it More Safely
SMACNA: IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction

     See Appendix A: Worker  Protection
            Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
    ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS (AP)
 AP 24.1 Evaluate Risks
     Evaluate worker health and safety
 concerns that could be encountered
 during the building upgrade. Refer
 to Appendix A: Worker Protection for
 recommended evaluation measures and
 actions.
                                     PRIORITY ISSUE 24.0 JOBSITE SAFET,
      MINIMUM ACTIONS (MA)
MA 24.1 Ensure Worker Protection
 /ait\
X=y See Appendix A: Worker Protection
for recommended actions to protect
worker health and safety, and available
resources.
      EXPANDED ACTIONS (EA)
This cell is intentionally blank.
     See Appendix A: Worker Protection
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Section 3
Appendices

-------
This appendix contains information to help those per-
forming and supervising the building upgrade assess
the risks to workers; it recommends actions to mini-
mize risks to workers' health and safety and identifies
resources for additional  information. Worker protection
is especially important in older buildings. Areas un-
dergoing construction may contain remnants of legacy
contaminants, such as lead and asbestos. Although
these materials often are not considered harmful if left
undisturbed or covered, they can become a concern
when disturbed. Therefore,  it is essential that the
contractors review available  information about the exis-
tence of such materials  before beginning any modifica-
tions to the building. In some situations, only certified
personnel  can perform certain activities outlined in
this Guide.

By law, employers and supervisors are required to
provide workers with a workplace that is free from
recognized hazards that can cause or are likely to
cause death or serious physical harm, as required in
Section 5(a)(l) of the Occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970. Employers and supervisors must ensure
the following:

1.  Work site operations are conducted in compliance
   with OSHA regulatory requirements.  OSHA regulato-
   ry requirements identify the following construction
   hazards to be addressed:

    •   Asbestos-Containing  Materials:
       29CFR Part 1926.1101
    •   Chemical Hazards:
       29 CFR Part 1910.1200 and 29 CFR Part
       1926.59
    •   Confined Spaces in Construction:
       29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart AA
    •   Electrical:
       29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart K
    •   Falls:
       29 CFR Part 1926.501
    •   Ladders:
       29 CFR Part 1926.1053
    •   Lead:
       29 CFR Part 1926.62 and 40 CFR  745
    •   Personal Protective Equipment:
       29 CFR Part 1926.28
Appendix A:  Worker  Protection

   2. Workers are trained in the hazards of their job and
     the methods to protect themselves.

   3. Workers are provided the protective equipment
     needed to reduce site exposures.  Employers are re-
     quired to perform a Personal Protective Equipment
     Hazard Assessment for each employee.

   Table Al  provides a list of recommended assessments
   and  actions for worker safety concerns. Project con-
   tract documents (drawings or specifications) and site
   plans should  include precautions to address these
   issues. Table Al also includes measures an employer
   needs to take to evaluate existing and potential health
   concerns  and recommended actions to ensure work-
   er safety.  Assistance with developing these worker
   protection plans often is available from state or federal
   training programs. OSHA offers training courses and
   educational programs to help broaden worker and
   employer  knowledge on the recognition,  avoidance,
   and  prevention of safety and  health hazards  in their
   workplaces. OSHA also offers training and educational
   materials  that help businesses  train their workers and
   comply with the Occupational Safety and Health  Act
   (see http://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html).

   When known  pollutants are being produced or dis-
   turbed during retrofit activities, follow appropriate
   standards - including OSHA, National Institute for
   Occupational Safety and  Health (NIOSH) and EPA
   standards - to minimize worker and occupant expo-
   sure. The document "IAQ Guidelines for Occupied
   Buildings Under Construction" published by the Sheet
   Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors'  National Asso-
   ciation (SMACNA) also can be  used as a best-practices
   manual for maintaining IAQ in  occupied buildings un-
   dergoing renovation or construction. The SMACNA doc-
   ument covers how to manage sources of air pollutants,
   control measures, quality control and documentation,
   and  communication with occupants.
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Table A1:  Recommended Assessments and Actions for Worker Safety Concerns
                                                    ASBESTO!
           Assessments
 Determine whether workers will
 be exposed to asbestos-containing
 material (ACM). Because of the
 widespread prior use of ACM,
 construction  and renovation
 activities in older buildings may
 expose workers to this hazard.
•  Building upgrade activities may expose workers to ACM and require compliance with
   the OSHA rule at 29 CFR Part  1926.1101, which specifies the required protection
   measures.
•  See OSHA's website on asbestos for additional information and resources.
                                               CHEMICAL HAZARDS
           Assessments
 Determine whether workers will
 be exposed to chemical hazards.
 Based on 29 CFR  Part 1926.59,
 a chemical hazard is a chemical
 that is either a physical hazard
 (e.g., explosive, flammable) or
 a health hazard (e.g., acute or
 chronic health effects may occur).
   Comply with the OSHA rule at 29 CFR Part 1910.1200, which includes the following
   requirements (not an exhaustive list):
    o that chemical content information be made available for all chemicals in use;
    o that containers be properly labeled; and
    o that workers handling chemicals be properly trained.
   Use chemicals that are best in class for the particular application in terms of having
   low toxic content and/or low contaminant emissions. Examples include paints,
   adhesives, sealants and coatings that meet the emissions criteria of California
   Department of  Public Health Specification 01350.
   Proper health and safety precautions should  be employed by workers that use or may
   come in contact with pesticides or chemical  contaminants  in  building materials,
   subsoils or vapors.
   For pesticides, comply with EPA's Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (includes
   all amendments as of October 3, 1997).
   See OSHA's website on hazard communication for additional information and
   resources.
                                                  1NFINEDSPA
 Determine whether workers will
 be exposed to confined-space
 hazards.
   Comply with the OSHA rule at 29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart AA Confined Spaces in
   Construction.
   See OSHA's website on confined spaces for additional resources on confined space
   hazards.
   Ensure the workspace is cleaned regularly and has adequate ventilation and exhaust
   and that construction is phased properly to protect workers and occupants from
   construction activities that are  considered high risk,  as outlined in SMACNA "IAQ
   Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction," 2nd Edition.
   See OSHA's Protect Yourself: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Quick Card for additional
   information on sources of CO and recommended actions for preventing CO exposure.
   See Priority Issue 10.0 Building  Products/Materials Emissions and EPA's Safer Choice
   website for more information on selecting less toxic products and materials that can
   be used  in confined spaces.
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
          Assessment
Determine whether the work will
generate dust. Use best practice
measures to manage and control
air contaminants in areas of work.
Educate workers about dust containment procedures and how to control dust and
debris created by equipment used in construction activities.
Use work methods that minimize dust and prevent dust from spreading to other areas
of the building.
Isolate areas where work is being performed (e.g., sealed with plastic sheeting) to
contain any dust that is generated during construction activities.
Turn off forced-air, central heating and air conditioning systems (including local,
window air conditioning units) while work that generates dust is under way.
Collect and remove all construction dust and debris.
Conduct a careful cleanup routinely and at the end  of the project.
See OSHA's websites on wood  dust and combustible dust for additional information
and resources.
See EPA's RRP Program Rule requirements at 40 CFR Part 745 for recommended
actions to prevent, contain and clean up lead dust.
          Assessment
Determine whether workers will be
exposed to electrical hazards.
Follow OSHA rule 29 CFR Part 1926 Subpart K requirements for protecting workers
from electrical hazards (not an exhaustive list):
 o Employers must make sure that all non-double-insulated electric equipment is
   equipped with a grounding conductor (three-wire type).
 o Worn or frayed electric cords must not be used.
 o Employers must provide either ground-fault circuit interrupters or an assured
   equipment grounding conductor program (which includes the regular testing of all
   equipment grounding conductors) to protect employees  from ground faults.
See OSHA's Electrical Incidents E-Tool for additional information on electrical safety.
          Assessment
Determine whether workers will be
required to work at heights of
6 feet or more.
If work is required at heights of 6 feet or more, protect workers with guardrails or by
properly securing to prevent falls.
See OSHA rule at 29 CFR Part 1926.501 for additional information on requirements.
See OSHA's Web page  on fall protection and OSHA's Falls E-Tool for additional
information on protecting workers from fall hazards.
          Assessment
Determine whether workers will be
using ladders.
Follow OSHA rule at 29 CFR Part 1926.1053, which includes the following
requirements (not an exhaustive list):
 o Portable ladders must be able to support at least four times the maximum
   intended load.
 o Ladders that must lean against a wall are to be positioned at a 4:1 angle.
 o Ladders are to be kept free of oil, grease, wet paint and other slipping hazards.
 o The area around the top and bottom of a ladder must be kept clear.
 o Ladders must not be tied or fastened together to provide longer sections.
 o Metal ladders must not be used while working on electrical equipment or electrical
   wiring.
See the  OSHA rule  at 29 CFR Part 1926.1053 for additional  information on
requirements.
See OSHA's publication Stairways and Ladders: A Guide to OSHA Rules for additional
resources on ladder safety.
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
           \ssessment~
 Determine whether building
 upgrade activities will expose
 workers to lead dust (for example,
 from lead paint used in buildings
 constructed before  1978),
 according to the Assessment
 Protocols outlined in Priority Issue
   If the facility was built before 1978, the existing paint is assumed to contain lead,
   unless EPA-approved testing methods show otherwise, and building upgrade activities
   must comply with EPA's RRP Program  Rule requirements at 40 CFR Part 745 and the
   OSHA rule at 29 CFR Part 1926.62.
   See OSHA's publication Lead in Construction for information on OSHA requirements
   to protect construction workers from lead hazards.
 Determine whether workers will be
 exposed to mold.
•  All suspected moldy areas should be remediated by properly trained individuals.
   Moisture problems need to be identified and fixed or mold will return. If mold is
   expected to be disturbed during activities,  immediately bring this to the attention
   of the site  manager.  Refer to OSHA's A Brief Guide to Mold in the Workplace;
   NIOSH's Recommendations for the Cleaning and Remediation of Flood-Contaminated
   HVAC Systems; EPA's Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings;
   the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists'  Bioaerosols:
   Assessment and Control; the American Industrial Hygiene Association's Recognition,
   Evaluation, and Control of Indoor Mold; or  the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and
   Restoration Certification's S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold
   Remediation.
•  See EPA's  Molds and Moisture website for additional information on mold
   remediation.
                                       POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
           Assessments
 Determine whether workers may
 be handling PCB-containing
 or PCB-contaminated building
 materials, including fluorescent
 light ballasts and caulk.
   See EPA's PCB-Containing Fluorescent Light Ballasts Web page for information
   on proper maintenance, removal and disposal of PCB-containing fluorescent light
   ballasts. If leaking ballasts are discovered, wear protective clothing including
   chemical-resistant (nitrile) gloves, boots and disposable overalls.
   See EPA's Steps to Safe Renovation and Abatement of Buildings That Have PCB
   Containing Caulk website for information on this topic.  Work practices to help ensure
   worker and occupant safety include employing protective measures (both interior and
   exterior), complying with occupational protective regulations, communicating with
   building occupants/third parties, setting up the work area to prevent the spread of
   dust, using appropriate tools that minimize the generation of dust/heat, and leaving
   the work area clean.
                                            .AY POLYURETHANE FOAM (S.
 Determine whether workers will
 be using SPF, which may contain
 chemicals such as isocyanates
 (e.g., methylene diphenyl
 diisocyanate), amines, flame
 retardants and other additives.
 There are three main types of
 SPF products (two-component
 high pressure,  two-component
 low pressure and one-component
 foam), each of which has different
 applications. Determine which
 of the three main types of SPF
 products will be used.
•  Applicators, crews and building occupants in the work area are required to use
   protective equipment to prevent exposure to isocyanates and other SPF chemicals.
   Protective equipment requirements vary depending on the type of SPF product.
•  Review label and product information for ingredients, hazards, directions, safe work
   practices and precautions.
•  Ensure health and safety training is completed and safe work practices are followed to
   prevent eye, skin and inhalation exposures during and after SPF installation.
•  Exercise caution when determining a safe re-entry  time for unprotected occupants and
   workers based on the manufacturer's printed recommendation. If occupants or workers
   experience breathing problems or other adverse health effects from SPF application,
   seek immediate medical attention.
•  See OSHA's Green Job Hazards website for additional information on the hazards
   associated with SPF.
•  See EPA's Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) home website for additional information.
•  See the American Chemistry Council's Spray Polyurethane Foam  Health and Safety
   website for additional information.
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Appendix  B:  Property  Management  and  Occupant  Education
Building upgrade activities provide valuable oppor-
tunities for building owners, property managers and
contractors to educate building occupants on IAQ and
safety, which will help occupants maintain healthy
indoor environments after the upgrades are complete.
Building owners, property managers and contractors
are encouraged to provide occupants with training
that reinforces the  health  protections identified in this
Guide.

Building occupants play a critical role  in helping build-
ing owners and property managers maintain healthy
living environments, for example, by reporting moisture
and  pest problems, cooperating with pest  management
professionals in  implementing an integrated pest man-
agement policy,  and following any smoke-free housing
policies that exist.

Property managers  play a critical  role in maintain-
ing multifamily residential properties, making them
healthier living environments for occupants and  prop-
                                                          erty maintenance staff. After the building upgrade is
                                                          completed, property managers, maintenance staff, and
                                                          contractors hired by the building owner and/or property
                                                          manager can take actions to support the health protec-
                                                          tions  incorporated by the building upgrades.

                                                          The following priority areas are discussed in this ap-
                                                          pendix:

                                                          •   Pest Control

                                                          •   Moisture Control

                                                          •   Lead

                                                          •   Smoke-Free Housing

                                                          •   Cleaning and Building Products

                                                          •   Ventilation

                                                          •   Carbon Monoxide
            Minimize pest problems using IPM strategies. These cost-effective strategies prevent and address pest problems
            while minimizing harm to people, property and the environment. IPM methods rely on a range of strategies to pre-
            vent and control pest issues. IPM strategies generally are more effective than traditional  pest control approaches.
  Actions
              Ensure contracts with pest professionals require these IPM elements:
             •   IPM Certification: Require all pest professionals to provide proof of IPM certification from a state agency or
                third party (e.g., GreenPro, Green Shield or equivalent IPM certification).
             •   IPM Policy: Pest professionals should be required to include an IPM policy in pest control contract documen-
                tation. The IPM policy must include a clear plan of action consistent with the IPM requirements outlined
                below.
             •   Inspections: Pest professionals should conduct initial and periodic inspections of the  building's exterior and
                interior spaces to identify pest entry points and evidence of pests. A written evaluation of pest control needs
                should be provided for approval  by the building owner or property manager. The evaluation should identify
                problem areas and recommend structural, sanitary or procedural modifications that will reduce pest access
                to food, water and shelter (e.g.,  seal entry points such as openings, cracks and crevices; cover and control
                pest access to trash cans/dumpsters/trash chutes).
             •   Implementation:  Pest professionals will work with building owners and property managers to determine when,
                how, and by whom the actions identified in the inspections will be undertaken (e.g., safely remove pests,
                nests, accumulated excrement and  allergens; secure trash storage; effectively seal pest entry and  migration
                openings; and plan pesticide use [if any]). Pest professionals will implement their portion of the agreed upon
                actions.
             •   Pesticide Use: Pesticide application should be considered only after all other options  have been attempted in
                response to observed  pest problems.
                 =i>  Approved  Products: The IPM  contract or IPM policy must include a list of approved products. Only
                     least hazardous or least toxic  pesticide products2 should be specified in an IPM contract. Do not apply
                     any pesticide product that has not been included  in the IPM policy or approved in writing by the build-
                     ing owner or property manager.
- As an example, the San Francisco Department of Environment's pesticide hazards screening list can be used, although it is not comprehensive. Tier III products in
 this list are considered least toxic. If a product being considered for application cannot be found on this list, the San Francisco Department of Environment's Guide
 to the City of San Francisco's Reduced-Risk Pesticide List can be used to determine the level of toxicity of the chemical in question.
           Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                  >T CONTROL (continue
                  =ป  Application by Need: Whenever possible, spot treatments should be used rather than area-wide appli-
                      cations. Applied pesticides must be beyond the reach of children and pets (e.g., inside sealed cracks
                      and cavities;  in approved, secured  bait stations). Employ the least hazardous material, most precise
                      application technique and minimum quantity of pesticide necessary to achieve control. Ensure applica-
                      tion of products containing pesticides render the pesticides inaccessible to occupants, visitors, pets (if
                      allowed) and  staff.
                  =ป  Specificity: Employ pesticides that are specific to target pests.
                  =ป  Prohibited Products: Pesticide sprays  (unless an insect growth regulator or needed to address bedbug
                      infestations), foggers or bombs, and organophosphate or chlorinated hydrocarbons pesticides are not
                      permitted.
                  =i>  Pesticide Storage: The pest control contractor should not store any pesticide product in the building.
                  =i>  Notification:  Pest control contractors should be required to provide written notice to the property
                      management and occupants of the intention to apply any pesticide, and  post signage  in the areas
                      to be treated, all at least 24 hours  prior to application.  It is recommended that this notice be given
                      72 hours in advance of the pesticide application so that occupants can prepare their dwelling units
                      for the application and arrange to be away from the property, if necessary.  Rooms of dwelling units
                      and other areas to be sprayed with  insecticides must have signage posted at conspicuous locations
                      and entries at least 24 hours prior to application.
                  =ป  Compliance and Enforcement: Individuals applying pesticides must do so in a manner not only con-
                      sistent with federal laws, but also consistent with state and local laws. In general, states have primary
                      authority for compliance monitoring and enforcing  against use of pesticides in violation of the labeling
                      requirements. Additionally, the agency with primary responsibility for pesticides differs from state to
                      state. Usually it is a state's department of agriculture, but may be a state's environmental agency or
                      other agency.
             •   Insect Control: Insecticides are to be applied as "crack and  crevice" treatments (i.e., the insecticide  is not
                 visible to a bystander during or after the application process).  For cockroaches, baits, gels, growth regulators
                 and boric acid are preferred.
             •   Rodent Control: As a rule, rodent control inside and around buildings shall  be accomplished with trapping
                 devices only.
                  =i>  Trapping Devices: Trapping devices shall be out of  public view to avoid being disturbed by routine
                      cleaning. Devices shall be checked on a defined schedule and the pest management contractor shall
                      be responsible for disposing of all trapped rodents.
                  =ป  Bait Boxes: All  bait boxes shall be placed out of general view, in locations where they will not be
                      disturbed by  routine operations. Bait boxes shall have lids securely locked  or fastened and shall be
                      secured so they cannot be picked up or moved.  Bait boxes shall be labeled with the contractor's busi-
                      ness name and  address, and dated by the contractor's technician at the time of installation and each
                      servicing.
                  =ป  Rodenticides: In exceptional circumstances, when  rodenticides are deemed essential, the contractor
                      shall obtain approval from the building owner or property manager. All  rodenticides, regardless of
                      packaging, shall be placed in locations not accessible to children, pets, wildlife and domestic animals;
                      or the rodenticides shall be in EPA-approved tamper-resistant bait boxes.
             •   Occupant Education: Contract documents should  include provisions for the pest control professional to provide
                 on-site occupant education, in conjunction with building owner or property manager.
           2. Ensure the building owner, property manager and maintenance staff undertake the following activities:
             •   Preventative Measures: Maintenance staff will help prevent  pest issues by:
                  =ป  Providing regular  housekeeping in common areas, hallways, stairwells, laundry rooms and mainte-
                      nance/utility  areas.
                  =ป  Sealing cracks,  holes and crevices to prevent pest entry.
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                  ST CONTROL (continue
                  =ป  Providing an enclosed area for the storage of trash and prompt trash removal service.
                  =i>  Integrating pest exclusion (e.g., sealing holes, cracks and crevices)  with energy efficiency and air seal-
                      ing activities.
                 Review and Approve Contractor IPM Plan: Building owners/property managers review and approve the IPM plan
                 submitted by the pest control contractor and work with occupants to undertake appropriate actions.
                 Occupant Complaints: Maintenance staff respond promptly to pest complaints from occupants. Approximately
                 10 to 14 days after any action has been taken, the building owner/property manager should follow up to
                 evaluate the conditions.
                 Written Notice:  Building owners/property managers shall provide advance written notice to occupants, prefera-
                 bly 72  hours, but not less than 24 hours, prior to pesticide application.
                 Unit Turnover: Building owners/property  managers shall inspect for pest problems at unit turnover and  identify
                 any needed pest control work by maintenance staff and/or pest control professionals to prevent and address
                 pest issues.
                 Occupant Education: Building owners/property managers should develop, in conjunction with the  IPM contrac-
                 tor,  education and  outreach materials to occupants for lease signing, periodic occupant education  sessions,
                 and during pest infestations. To the extent feasible,  incorporate the following elements into occupant  leases,
                 and work to ensure occupants understand their responsibilities:
                  =ป  Report to management pest sightings and conditions that may attract  pests.
                  =ป  Do not use foggers, bombs or sprays. A pesticide use policy must be prepared  including what, if any,
                      over-the-counter products are acceptable for use in the building. Illegal pesticides shall  be strictly
                      prohibited (e.g., Miraculous Insecticide Chalk, Tres Pacitos).
                  =i>  Keep dwelling units clean,  clutter-free and in sanitary condition according to lease requirements.
                  =i>  Prepare dwelling units for pest management service visits according to instructions provided in ad-
                      vance.
                  =i>  Participate in monitoring their dwelling unit with traps provided by management, when needed.
Resources for Pest Control:
ASHRAE: Indoor Air Quality Guide: Best Practices for Design, Construction and Commissioning
Boston Public Health Commission: Integrated Pest Management: A Guide for Managers and Owners of Affordable Housing
Enterprise Green Communities: Green Operations & Maintenance Training in a Box
EPA: Introduction to Integrated Pest Management,  Principles of IPM
EPA: Pesticides: Controlling Pests
Green Shield: Green Shield Certified
National  Pest Management Association: Green Pro Certified
NCHH: Integrated Pest Management in Multifamily Housing
Northeastern IPM Center at Cornell University: Integrated Pest Management: A Guide for Affordable Housing
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                      TURE CONT
           Incorporate regular checks for moisture problems into ongoing property inspections, work order responses and at
           unit turnover to minimize moisture and mold problems. Moisture and mold have been associated with asthma and
           other respiratory problems. Excessive moisture also can contribute to pest problems and deteriorated lead-based
           paint.
           1.   Perform the following during annual inspections, at unit turnover (as appropriate) and during work order responses:
              •  Plumbing
                 =ป   Inspect under sinks for leaks.
                 =ป   Check toilets for leaks with dye test and replace flapper as needed.
                 =i>   Inspect shower stall, shower faucets and shower diverter valve for leaks. Recommended installation of
                      showerheads with WaterSense label, rated for less than  2 gallons per minute (gpm).
                 =ป   Inspect faucets and aerators for leaks.  Install  new faucets as needed, with WaterSense label; kitchen
                      faucets rated for less than 1.5 gpm, bath faucets rated  for less than 0.5 gpm.
                 =ป   Inspect under dishwashers and washing machines for leaks.
                 =ป   Repair all leaks identified.
              •  Exhaust Ventilation
                 =ป   Check for proper operation of kitchen and bathroom  exhaust fans, and confirm exterior venting and fan
                      flows.
                 =ป   Verify clothes dryer exhaust vent is intact and vented  to the outdoors.
              •  Exterior Moisture
                 =ป   Inspect outside gutters and downspouts to be sure water is moved away from the building and property.
                 =ป   Check for standing water  near the building, and correct grade and drainage as needed.
              •  Interior  Moisture
                 =ป   Inspect for moisture stains, mold or musty odor.
                 =i>   Inspect for standing water.
                 =i>   Inspect for signs of mold  or moisture damage.
              •  Occupant Education
                 =i>   Advise occupants to report immediately any plumbing leaks; window, wall or roof leaks; standing water;
                      or condensation problems.
                 =i>   Advise occupants about the need to use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms during activities that
                      generate pollutants and moisture (e.g., cooking and showering).
                 =ป   Refer occupants to EPA's A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture  and Your Home.
Resources for Moisture Control:
CDC-NIOSH: Dampness and Mold Assessment Tool
EPA: A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture and Your Home
NCHH: Healthy Homes Maintenance Checklist
           Ensure lead-based paint does not pose a hazard in building operations and maintenance activities.

           1.  If maintenance staff will be disturbing lead paint, they shall be trained and certified under EPA's Lead Renovation,
              Repair and Painting Program for lead-safe work practices.
            •   Occupant Education: Ensure building occupants are provided with  information on  lead and renovations as
                 required under EPA's Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program.
Resources for Lead:
EPA: Lead
EPA: The Lead-Safe Certified Guide to Renovate Right
EPA: Renovation, Repair and Painting Program
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                     IE-FREE HOU
           Explore establishing a smoke-free housing policy as part of the building upgrade. Smoking is the single greatest
           cause of disease and premature death in the United States affecting smokers, and  non-smokers through
           secondhand smoke. It also contributes to occupant complaints related to odor and  increases the operational cost
           of the property.
              A detailed list of actions to implement smoke-free housing policies is provided in HUD's Change is in the Air: An
              Action Guide for Establishing Smoke-Free Public Housing and Multifamily Properties and Smoke Free Housing:
              A Toolkit for Owners/Management Agents of Federally Assisted Public and Multi-family Housing, and the  NCHH's
              Reasons to Explore Smoke-Free Housing. Several key steps are summarized here:
               Work with the building owner or property manager to establish a smoke-free housing policy:
             •    Conduct an occupant survey of interest in smoke-free housing.
             •    Pending results of the survey, develop a plan to implement a smoke-free housing policy and establish  suitable
                 areas outside of the building that can be used for smoking. Amend tenant leases to be consistent with smoke-
                 free policy.
             •    Occupant Education: Educate occupants on smoking policy in the building. Install signage and provide  printed
                 material for visitors at the main entrances of the building with information about the smoke-free housing
                 policy.
             ป    Enforce any smoke-free housing policy and related lease restrictions (see text box below).

  Sample Smoke-Free Housing Policy

  Effective [DATE], the use of all smoking products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes and electronic smoking devices) is prohibited on
  [Property Name] property and within 25 feet of the building. This prohibition applies to all indoor and outdoor areas (dwell-
  ing units, entry areas, walkways, grassed areas, picnic areas and parking lots at [Property Name] property). This policy
  applies to all employees, visitors, residents, subcontractors, volunteers and vendors.

  Sample Exception (for existing properties establishing a smoke-free policy)
  Current residents who use smoking products that have entered into a lease agreement prior to [DATE] will be permitted to
  continue to use tobacco products in their dwelling units for 12 months after the smoke-free policy is in effect. Therefore,
  on [DATE], all units will be smoke-free and at that time all smokers will need to adhere to the set policy. This exception
  shall not extend to visitors or anyone other than the lease holder/occupant.

  Sample Lease Addendum Language

  Include in the "Definitions" section  of the lease:
  Smoking: "Smoking" shall  include the inhaling, exhaling, burning or carrying of any lighted cigarette, cigar or other tobacco
  product; the emissions produced by electronic smoking devices; and the burning of cannabis or illegal substances.

  Include in the restrictions section of the lease:
  Smoking: Due to the  increased risk of fire and the known health  effects of secondhand smoke, smoking is prohibited  in-
  doors and within 25 feet of the residential building. This restriction applies to  both private and common areas and applies
  to all owners, tenants, guests and service persons.
Resources for Smoke-Free Housing:

National:
EPA: Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and the Health of Your Family
EPA: Smoke-free Homes
HUD: Change is in the Air: An Action Guide for Establishing Smoke-Free Public
  Housing and Multifamily Properties
HUD: Optional Smoke-Free Housing Policy Implementation, Notice H 2010-21
HUD: Smoke-Free Housing: A Toolkit for Owners/Management Agents of Federally
  Assisted Public and Multi-family Housing
HUD: Smoke-Free Housing: A Toolkit for Residents of Federally Assisted Public and
  Multi-family Housing
NCHH: Reasons to Explore Smoke-Free Housing
TTAC: Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium

State and Local:

Boston Smoke-Free Homes
Capital District (New York) Tobacco-Free Coalition
Michigan Smoke-Free Apartment
Minnesota Smoke-Free Housing
Smoke-Free Housing Coalition of Maine
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                             EANING AND BUILDING PRODUCT
           Use housekeeping practices, maintenance practices and related products that minimize the use of harmful or toxic
          I chemicals wherever possible.
           1.  Follow a cleaning plan: For every area in the building that needs to be cleaned, staff should identify:
              •  Items to be cleaned (e.g., floors, walls, windows,  carpets).
              •  Individual(s) responsible for cleaning each item.
              •  Frequency with which each item must be cleaned.
              •  Specific cleaning methods that must be used (e.g., micro-fiber dust mop [no brooms], warm water and mild
                 detergent in a damp wipe [no sprays], HEPA-filtration vacuums).
              •  Cleaning materials to be used for each surface.
           2.  Where possible, require staff and contractors to specify products that meet independent testing and certification
               protocols.  Examples are provided below; this is not an exhaustive list.
CLEANING SUPPLIES

Cleaners
Green Seal, EPA Safer

Carpet, Carpet Cushion and Entry
Mats
Resilient Flooring
Flooring Adhesives
Cabinets
Choice Label, or ECOLOGO Certified.

Green Label Plus Certified by Carpet and Rug Institute.
Recycle removed carpet: vendor to supply price quote to recycle removed carpet and
components (e.g., 100%, 50% or 30% recycled).
FloorScoreฎ Certified
by Resilient Flooring Covering Association.
No- or low-VOC (less than 50 grams/liter [g/L]) for carpet and flooring tile adhesives.
Urea formaldehyde-free cabinets, certified to be compliant with California Title 17 for
Formaldehyde - Phase 2, if available.
Products produced in registered plants certified under the Kitchen Cabinet Manufactur-
ers Association Environmental Stewardship Certification Program (ESP 05-12).

Interior Paint
Master Painters Institute Green Performance Standards X-Green, GPS-1 or GPS-2.
Green Seal Standard GS-11 certified (e.g., VOC content for flat paints less than 50 g/L,
VOC content for non-flat paints less than 150 g/L).
Resources for Cleaning and Building Products:
Carpet and Rug Institute: Green Label Plus
ECOLOGO: ECOLOGO Product Certification
Enterprise Green Communities: Green Operations & Maintenance Training in a Box
EPA: Safer Choice
Green Seal: Green Seal  Standard for Paints and Coatings, GS-11
Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturers Association: Environmental Stewardship Certification Program (ESP 05-12)
Master Painters Institute: Green Performance Standards GPS-1 or GPS-2, X-Green
Resilient Flooring Covering Association: FloorScoreฎ
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                      'EMULATION
           Confirm ventilation systems are functioning as intended to reduce buildup of moisture and contaminants in
           dwelling units and common areas. Moisture can contribute to mold growth and breathing problems such as
           asthma. Contaminants from kitchen cooking can contain small particles and nitrogen oxides that also can
           adversely affect health.
               Perform the following during annual inspections and at unit turnover:
              •  Inspect bath and kitchen fans to determine whether they are clear of obstructions, operational and moving
                 air at the correct airflow rates. Ensure that fans are operating as intended (e.g., manually or automatically
                 controlled intermittent operation, continuous operation).
              •  Remove any items put up by occupants to block airflows at supply or exhaust grilles. Identify the source(s)
                 of occupant dissatisfaction that prompted blocking the airflows and take corrective action.
              •  Replace filters in HVAC systems with new filters at unit turnover, semi-annually or as often as recommended
                 by manufacturer.
              •  Conduct a ventilation system assessment to determine whether adequate ventilation rates are being provided
                 to dwelling units.
              •  Assess ventilation rates in common areas.
              •  Occupant Education: Advise occupants about the need to use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms during
                 activities that generate  pollutants and moisture (e.g., cooking and showering). Educate occupants about the
                 basic operation of ventilation, heating and cooling systems. This should  include any maintenance (e.g., air
                 filter change-out) and adjustments that  are the occupants' responsibility.
Resources for Ventilation:
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Existing or New Buildings With Central Roof Exhaust
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Multi-Family Buildings That Do Not Have Fan-Powered Ventilation
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in New and Existing Multi-Family Buildings With Individual Unit Ventilation Systems
NYSERDA: Improving Central Exhaust Systems for Multifamily Buildings
           Ensure combustion appliances are maintained and operated safely, and occupants are protected against carbon
           monoxide.
               Conduct regular inspections and preventive maintenance on all combustion appliances. Ensure proper venting of
               combustion by-products to the outdoors. Regularly inspect carbon monoxide alarms for proper operation.
              1  Occupant Education: Ensure building occupants are provided with information on the hazards of combustion
                pollutants including carbon monoxide.
Resources for Carbon Monoxide:
Consumer Product Safety Commission: Carbon  Monoxide Questions and Answers
EPA: Carbon Monoxide's Impact on Indoor Air Quality
EPA: Protect Your Family and Yourself from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
            Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                 Appendix C:  Abbreviations and Acronyms
AARST - American Association of Radon Scientists
        and Technologists, Inc.
ABAA - Air Barrier Association of America
ACCA - Air Conditioning Contractors of America
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental
        Industrial Hygienists
ACM - asbestos-containing material
AHRI - Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration
       Institute
AIHA - American Industrial  Hygienists Association
ANSI -American National Standards Institute
AP - Assessment Protocol
APHA-American Public Health Association
ASHRAE - formerly American Society of Heating,
          Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
          Engineers
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
ATCM - Airborne Toxic Control Measures
ATP-American Technical Publishers
BOC - Building Operators Certification
BPI - Building Performance Institute
BTU-British  Thermal Unit
CARB - California Air Resources Board
CDC -  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
cfm - cubic feet per minute
CFL - compact fluorescent lamp
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
CO - carbon monoxide
CPSC - Consumer Product Safety Commission
CSA - Canadian Standards Association
DOE - U.S. Department of Energy
DDL -  U.S. Department of Labor
EA - Expanded Action
EPA- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPDM - ethylene propylene  diene monomer
ETS - environmental tobacco smoke
FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
FLBs - Fluorescent Light Ballasts
g/L - grams/liter
gpm - gallons per minute
HEPA - high-efficiency particulate  air
HUD - U.S. Department of Housing and  Urban
       Development
HVAC - heating, ventilation  and air conditioning
IAQ - indoor air quality
IBC - International Building Code
IFGC - International Fuel Gas Code
IICRC - Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and
       Restoration Certification
IPM - integrated pest management
IRC - International Residential Code
IUOE - International Union of Operating Engineers
LED - light-emitting diode
LISC - Local Initiatives Support Corporation
MA- Minimum Action
MDI - methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
MERV - minimum efficiency reporting value
MNCEE - Minnesota Center for Energy and
         Environment
MPI - Master Painters Institute
MPI GPS - Master Painters Institute Green
          Performance Standard
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet
NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NCHH - National Center for Healthy Housing
NESHAP - National Emission  Standards for Hazardous
          Pollutants
NFGC -  National Fuel Gas Code
NFPA- National Fire Protection Association
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety
        and Health
NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology
NVLAP - National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation
        Program
NYSERDA -  New York State Energy Research and
            Development Authority
OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health
        Administration
PCBs - polychlorinated biphenyls
pCi/L - picocuries per liter (in  air)
PLM - polarized light microscopy
PM25 - Particulate matter < 2.5  micrometers in
       diameter
PM10 - Particulate matter < 10 micrometers in
      diameter
RRP - renovation, repair and  painting
SMACNA - Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
          Contractors' National Association
SPF - spray polyurethane foam
TEM -transmission electron microscopy
TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act
UL- Underwriters Laboratories
U.S.-United States
USDA -  U.S. Department of Agriculture
VOC - volatile organic compound
WAPTAC - Weatherization Assistance Program
         Technical Assistance Center
WPS - Worker Protection Standard
          Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                             Appendix  D:  References
AARST (American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists, Inc.): Protocol for Conducting Radon and
Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings, MAMF-2012. 2012.
https://www.aarst.org/bookstore.shtml

AARST: Radon  Mitigation Standards for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF 2014. 2014.
https://www.aarst.org/bookstore.shtml

ABAA (Air Barrier Association of America): Air Barrier Materials, Components, Assemblies & Systems. 2011.
http://www.airbarrier.org/materials/assem blies_e.php

ACCA (Air Conditioning Contractors of America): ANSI/ACCA Standard 5 QI-2015. HVAC Quality
Installation Specification. 2015. http://www.acca.org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.
ashx?DocumentFileKey=601fe388-Oeb2-4511-87f9-05edOb3c21ba&forceDialog=0

ACCA: ANSI/ACCA Standard 6 QR-2015.  Restoring the Cleanliness of HVAC Systems. 2015.
http://www.acca.org/HigherLogic/System/Down load DocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=601fe388-Oeb2-4511-
87f9-05edOb3c21ba&forceDialog=0

ACCA: ANSI/ACCA Standard 9 Qlvp-2011. HVAC Quality Installation Verification Protocols. 2011.
https://www.acca.org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=0655f3c7-Od90-4b7c-
a421-8696bc31143f

ACCA: Manual J. Residential Load Calculation.  2011.  http://www.acca.org/technical-manual/manual-j/

ACCA: Manual N. Commercial Load Calculation. 5th  edition. 2008.  http://www.acca.org/technical-manual/manual-n/

ACCA: Manual S.  Residential Equipment Selection. 2nd edition, http://www.acca.org/technical-manual/manual-s/

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental  Industrial Hygienists): Bioaerosols Assessment and Control. 1999.
https://www.acgih.org/forms/store/ProductFormPublic/bioaerosols-assessment-and-control

AHRI (Air Conditioning, Heating and  Refrigeration Institute): http://www.ahrinet.org/default.aspx

AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association): Recognition,  Evaluation, and Control of Indoor Mold. 2008.
https://webportal.aiha.org/Purchase/ProductDetail.aspx?Product_code=3f9eOa5a-4778-dell-96bO-0050568361fd

American Chemistry Council: Spray Polyurethane Foam Health and Safety. 2010. http://www.spraypolyurethane.org

American Technical Publishers (ATP) and  International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE): Indoor Air Quality
Solutions for Stationary Engineers. 2009.
http://www.atplearning.com/lndoor-Air-Quality-Solutions-for-Stationary-Engineers-P343.aspx

ANSI (American National Standards Institute):  Z21 Series Standards for Residential Gas-Fired Appliances.
http://webstore.ansi. org/FindStandards.aspx?SearchString=ansi+Z21&SearchOption=0&PageNum=
0&SearchTermsArray=null%7cansi+Z21%7cnull

ANSI Z21.11.2: ANSI Standard Z21.11.2-2013: Gas-fired room heaters,  Volume II, unvented room heaters. 2013.
http://webstore.ansi.org/Record Detail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z21.11.2-2013

ANSI Z223.1/NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 54: ANSI Standard Z223.1/NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas
Code. 2015. http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=54

ASHRAE  (formerly American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers):  Handbook -
Fundamentals.  2013. http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/products/1858809
          Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
ASHRAE: Handbook- HVAC Systems and Equipment. 2012. https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/
description-of-the-2012-ashrae-handbook-hvac-systems-and-equipment

ASHRAE: Indoor Air Quality Guide: Best Practices for Design, Construction and Commissioning. 2009.
https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/indoor-air-quality-guide

ASHRAE: Load Calculation Applications Manual,  2nd edition. 2014.
http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/searches/7857005

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
2013. Also includes published addenda.
https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/standards-62-l--62-2, and
https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards-addenda

ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. 2013. Also includes published addenda.
https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/standards-62-l--62-2, and
https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards-addenda

ASHRAE Standard 180-2012: ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2012: Standard Practice for Inspection and
Maintenance of Commercial  Building HVAC Systems. 2012. http://www.techstreet.com/products/1832333

ASHRAE Standard 183-2007 (RA 2014): ANSI/ASH RAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2014): Peak Cooling and
Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.
http://www.techstreet.com/products/1882241

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015:  ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015: Legionellosis: Risk Management for
Building Water Systems. 2015. https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/ansi-ashrae-standard-
188-2015-legionellosis-risk-management-for-building-water-systems

ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014: ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014: Standard for the Design of
High-Performance Green Buildings. 2014.
https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/standard-189-l

ASTM International E779-10: ASTM  Standard E779-10:  Standard Test  Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate
by Fan  Pressurization. 2010. http://www.astm.org/Standards/E779.htm

ASTM International C920-14: ASTM  Standard C92014a. Standard Specification for  Elastomeric Joint Sealants.
2014. http://www.astm.org/Standards/C920.htm

ASTM International El 186-03 (2009): ASTM Standard E-l 186-03 (2009). Standard Practices for Air Leakage
Site Detection in  Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems. 2009. http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1186.htm

ASTM International E1827-11: ASTM Standard E1827-11. Standard Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of
Buildings Using an Orifice Blower Door. 2011. http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1827.htm

ASTM International E2600-10: ASTM Standard E2600-10. Standard Guide for Vapor Encroachment Screening on
Property Involved in Real Estate Transactions. 2010. http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2600.htm

Boston Public Health Commission: Integrated Pest Management:  A Guide for Managers and Owners of Affordable
Housing. 2007.
http://hria.Org/uploads/catalogerfiles/integrated-pest-management/H RIA-lntegrated_Pest_Management_2007.pdf

Boston Smoke Free Homes: http://www.bphc.org/whatwedo/tobacco-free-living/smoke-free-homes/condo-owners-
and-associations/Documents/BostonSmoke-FreeHomesLLGuide.pdf

BPI (Building Performance Institute): Technical Standards for the Heating Professional. 2007.
http://www.bpi.org/Web%20Download/BPI%20Standards/Heating%20ProfessionaLll-20-07.pdf
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
California Department of Public Health: Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic
Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers, Version 1.1. 2010. http://standards.nsf.
org/apps/group_public/download.php/11782/CDPH-IAQ_StandardMethod_Vl_l_2010%5Bl%5D.pdf

California Energy Commission: Residential Manual for Compliance with California's 2001 Energy Efficiency
Standards. 2001. http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/archive/2001standards/residentiaLmanual/index.html

California Title 17: California Code of Regulations, Title 17, sections 93120 - 93120.12. Airborne Toxic Control
Measure To Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions From Composite Wood Products. 2008.
http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2007/compwood07/fro-final.pdf

Capital District Tobacco-Free Coalition: www.smokefreecapital.org

CARB (California Air Resources Board): Hazardous Ozone-Generating "Air Purifiers." 2012.
http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ozone.htm

Carpet and Rug Institute: Green Label Plus. http://www.carpet-rug.org/CRI-Testing-Programs/Green-Label-Plus.aspx

CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Check for Safety: A Home Fall Prevention Checklist for
Older  Adults.  2014. http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/pubs/English/booklet_Eng_desktop-a.pdf

CDC:  Rodents. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/rodents

CDC-NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health): Indoor Environmental Quality, Dampness and
Mold Assessment Tool. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/indoorenv/moldtesting.html

CDC-NIOSH: Storm, Flood, and Hurricane Response, Recommendations for the Cleaning and Remediation of
Flood-Contaminated HVAC Systems: A Guide for Building Owners and Managers. 2010.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/Cleaning-Flood-HVAC.html

CDC-NIOSH: Workplace Safety &  Health Topics,  Protective Clothing and Ensembles. 2014.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/protclothing

CDC-NIOSH: Workplace Safety &  Health Topics,  Respirators. 2015.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/respirators/default.html

Collaborative for High Performance Schools: High Performance Products Database.
http://www.chps.net/dev/Drupal/node/445

CPSC (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission): Carbon Monoxide Questions and Answers.
http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Carbon-Monoxide-lnformation-Center/Carbon-
Monoxide-Questions-and-Answers-/

CPSC: Lead in Paint, Product-Specific FAQs.
http://www.cpsc.gov/Business-Manufacturing/Business-Education/Lead/Lead-in-Paint/

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy): Standard Work Specifications for Multi-Family Home Energy Upgrades. 2013.
https://sws. nrel .gov/sites/defau It/f iles/sws_m u Itifam i ly. pdf

DOE:  Standard Work Specifications for Single-Family Home Energy Upgrades. 2013.
https://sws. nrel.gov/sites/defau It/f iles/sws_si nglefamily_0.pdf

ECOLOGO: ECOLOGO Product Certification.
http://industries.ul.com/environment/certificationvalidation-marks/ecologo-product-certification

Enterprise Green Communities: Green Operations & Maintenance Training in a Box. 2012.
http://www.enterprisecommunity.com/solutions-and-innovation/enterprise-green-communities/resources/operations-
and-maintenance-toolkit
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency): 40 CFR Part 745. Lead; Clearance and Clearance Testing
Requirements for the Renovation, Repair, and Painting Program; Proposed Rule. 2010.
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-05-06/pdf/2010-10102.pdf

EPA: A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture and Your Home. 2010. http://www.epa.gov/mold/brief-guide-mold-moisture-
and-your-home

EPA: A Citizen's Guide to Radon. 2012.  http://www.epa.gov/radon/citizens-guide-radon-guide-protecting-yourself-
and-your-family-radon

EPA: Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (WPS). 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/agricultural-worker-protection-standard-wps

EPA: Asbestos. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/asbestos

EPA: Asbestos in the Home: A Homeowner's Guide. 1990. http://yosemite.epa.gov/r5/r5ard.
nsf/2f86cbca09880b61862565fe00588192/e7b966d2cd03cc3c86256fc7006c5469!opendocument

EPA: Asbestos NESHAP (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants). 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/asbestos-neshap

EPA: Building Air Quality Action  Plan. 1998.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/building-air-quality-action-plan-june-1998

EPA: Burn Wise, Consumers- Best Burn Practices. 2013.
http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/burn-wise-best-burn-practices

EPA: Burn Wise, Consumers - Choosing Appliances. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/choosing-wood-burning-appliances

EPA: Burn Wise, Consumers - Frequent Questions. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/burn-wise-frequently-asked-questions

EPA: Burn Wise Tips. 2009. http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/tip-sheets

EPA: Carbon Monoxide's Impact on Indoor Air Quality.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/carbon-monoxides-impact-indoor-air-quality

EPA: Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction.  2013.
http://www.epa.gov/radon/consumers-guide-radon-reduction-how-fix-your-home

EPA: Contractors: Handling PCBs in Caulk During Renovation. 2014.
http://www.epa.gov/large-scale-residential-demolition/pcbs-caulk-and-residential-demolition

EPA: Energy Savings Plus Health: Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for School Building Upgrades.
http://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/printable-version-energy-savings-plus-health-indoor-air-quality-guidelines-school

EPA: Engineering Issue. Indoor Air Vapor Intrusion Mitigation Approaches. 2008.
http://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/P100AE72.pdf

EPA: Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-emission-standards-composite-wood-products

EPA: Hazard Standards for Lead  in Paint, Dust and Soil (TSCA Section 403). 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/lead/hazard-standards-lead-paint-dust-and-soil-tsca-section-403

EPA: Healthy Indoor Environment Protocols for Home Energy Upgrades. 2011.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/healthy-indoor-environment-protocols-home-energy-upgrades
Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
EPA: IAQ Design Tools for Schools. Preventing the Entry of Pollutants from Outside the Building. Drain Traps.
2013.  http://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/controlling-pollutants-and-sources-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-
schools#DrainTraps

EPA: IAQ Design Tools for Schools. Preventing the Entry of Pollutants from Outside the Building. Entry Mat
Barriers. 2013. http://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/controlling-pollutants-and-sources-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-
schools# Entry Mat Barriers

EPA: Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications. 2013.
http://www.epa.gov/indoorairplus/indoor-airplus-construction-specifications-version-l-rev-03

EPA: Introduction to Integrated Pest Management, Principles of IPM. 2014.
http://www.epa.gov/managing-pests-schools/introduction-integrated-pest-managementtfPrinciples

EPA: Lead. 2015.  http://www.epa.gov/lead

EPA: Lead. Details on Certification Requirements for Firms. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/lead/details-certification-requirements-firms

EPA: Lead Test Kits, EPA-Recognized Test Kits. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/lead/epa-recognition-lead-test-kits

EPA: List of EPA Certified Wood Stoves. 2015.  http://www.epa.gov/compliance/list-epa-certified-wood-stoves

EPA: List of Qualified Hydronic Heaters. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/list-qualified-hydronic-heaters

EPA: Locate an RRP Training Class or Provider in Your Area, http://cfpub.epa.g0v/flpp/searchrrpj:raining.htm

EPA: Locate Certified Inspection, Risk Assessment, and Abatement Firms.
http://cfpub.epa.gov/flpp/search.cfm?Applicant_Type=firm

EPA: Map of Radon Zones Including State Radon Information and Contacts.
http://www.epa.gov/radon/find-information-about-local-radon-zones-and-radon-programstfradonmap

EPA: Mercury Releases and Spills.  2014.  http://www.epa.gov/mercury

EPA: Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design, Construction  and  Maintenance. 2013.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/moisture-control-guidance-building-design-construction-and-
maintenance-0

EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings.  2008.
http://www.epa.gov/mold/mold-remediation-schools-and-commercial-buildings-guide

EPA: Molds  and Moisture. 2014. http://www.epa.gov/mold/

EPA: Monitoring Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM). 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/monitoring-asbestos-containing-material-acm

EPA: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/criteria.html

EPA: Ozone  Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners. 2013.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners

EPA: PCB-Containing Fluorescent Light Ballasts (FLBs) in School Buildings. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/ballasts.htm

EPA: Pesticides: Controlling  Pests. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/got-pests-control-them-safely

EPA: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). 2015.  http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/index.htm

EPA: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Building Materials. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/caulk/
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
EPA: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and Use
Prohibitions, 40 CFR Part 761 Subpart D—Storage and Disposal. 2007.
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2007-title40-vol30/pdf/CFR-2007-title40-vol30-part761.pdf

EPA: Protect Your Family from Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite Insulation. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/protect-your-family-asbestos-contaminated-vermiculite-insulation

EPA: Recycling Mercury-Containing Light Bulbs (Lamps). 2014.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/wastetypes/universal/lamps/#_ga=l.64148591.1331032579.1433176064

EPA: Regional  PCB Contacts. 2015. http://www3.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/coordin.htm

EPA: Renovation,  Repair and Painting Program. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-and-painting-program

EPA: Residential Air Cleaners (Second Edition) A summary of Available Information. 2009.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/residential-air-cleaners-second-edition-summary-available-information-0

EPA: Safer Choice. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice

EPA: Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and the Health of Your Family. 2009.
http://www.epa.gov/asthma/secondhand-tobacco-smoke-and-health-your-family-brochure

EPA: Small Entity Compliance Guide to Renovate Right: EPA's Lead-Based Paint Renovation, Repair, and Painting
Program. 2011. http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/sbcomplianceguide.pdf

EPA: Smoke-free Homes. 2011.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-tobacco-smoke-and-smoke-free-homes

EPA: Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation and How to Use it More Safely. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/spray-polyurethane-foam-spf-insulation-and-how-use-it-more-safely

EPA: State Asbestos Contacts. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/state-asbestos-contacts

EPA: Steps to Lead Safe Renovation, Repair and Painting. 2011.
http://www.epa.gov/lead/steps-lead-safe-renovation-repair-and-painting-october-2011

EPA: Steps to Safe Renovation and Abatement of Buildings That Have PCB-Containing Caulk.  2012.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/caulk/guide/index.htm

EPA: Technical Guide for Assessing and Mitigating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway from Subsurface Vapor Sources
to Indoor Air. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/vaporintrusion/technical-guide-assessing-and-mitigating-vapor-intrusion-
pathway-subsurface-vapor

EPA: The Lead-Safe Certified Guide to Renovate Right. 2011.
http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/renovaterightbrochure.pdf

EPA: Vapor Intrusion. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/vaporintrusion

EPA: Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality

EPA: WaterSense. 2015. http://www.epa.gov/watersense/

EPA: Where Can I Get a  Radon Test Kit? http://www.epa.gov/radon/find-radon-test-kit-or-measurement-and-
mitigation-professional

Green Seal Standard GS-11: Green Seal™ Standard for Paints and Coatings. 3rd Edition. 2011.
http://www.greenseal.0rg/portals/0/documents/standards/gs-ll/gs-l l_paints_and_coatings_standard.pdf
Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
Green Shield: Green Shield Certified, http://www.greenshieldcertified.org/

HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development): Change is in the Air: An Action Guide for Establishing
Smoke-Free Public Housing and Multifamily Properties. 2014.
http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=smokef reeactionguide.pdf

HUD: HUD's Guidance on Integrated Pest Management. 2008.
http://www.nchh.Org/Portals/0/HUD%20Guidance%20on%20IPM.pdf

HUD: Lead-Safe Housing Rule. 2004.
http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/healthy_homes/enforcement/lshr

HUD: Optional Smoke-Free Housing Policy Implementation, Notice H 2010-21. 2010.
http://www.tcsg.org/sfelp/HUD-SFHsglmplemt091510.pdf

HUD: Smoke Free Housing. A Toolkit for Owners/Management Agents of  Federally Assisted Public and Multi-family
Housing. 2012. http://portal.riud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=pdfowners.pdf

HUD: Smoke Free Housing. A Toolkit for Residents of Federally Assisted  Public and Multi-family Housing. 2012.
http://portal.li ud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=pdfresidents.pdf

IICRC (Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification): BSR-IICRC S520 Mold Remediation.
Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation. 2008. http://www.iicrc.org/standards/iicrc-s520/

International Code Council: International Building Code. 2012. http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/ibc/2012/

International Code Council: International Fuel Gas Code. 2012.
http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/ifgc/2012/index.htm

International Code Council: International Mechanical Code. 2012.
http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/imc/2012/

International Code Council: International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings. 2012.
http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/irc/2012/

Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturers Association: Environmental Stewardship  Certification Program (ESP 05-12). 2012.
http://www.kcma. org/Professionals/Environmental_Stewardship_Program

LISC (Local Initiatives Support Corporation): Green & Healthy Property Management. A Guide for Multifamily
Buildings. 2013. http://www.lisc.org/docs/publications/2013_green_healthy_prop_mgmt_guide.pdf

Master Painters Institute: MPI Green Vision. MPI Green Performance Standard/MPI Extreme Green. 2012.
http://specifygreen.com/

Michigan Smoke-Free Apartment:  http://mismokefreeapartment.org/

Minnesota Smoke-Free Housing: http://www.mnsmokefreehousing.org/

MNCEE (Minnesota Center for Energy and Environment): Reduction of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Transfer in
Minnesota Multifamily Buildings Using Air Sealing and Ventilation Treatments. 2004. http://mncee.org/lnnovation-
Exchange/Resource-Center/Technical-Reports/Reduction-of-Environmental-Tobacco-Smoke-Transfer-/

National Pest Management Association: GreenPro Certified, www.npmagreenpro.org

NCHH (National Center for Healthy Housing): Healthy Homes Maintenance Checklist.
http://www.nchh.Org/Portals/0/Contents/Mai ntenance_Checklist2009.pdf
           Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Existing or New Buildings With Central Roof Exhaust. 2009.
http://www.nch h.org/Portals/0/Contents/Green_venti Iation2.pdf

NCHH: Improving Ventilation in Multi-Family Buildings That Do Not Have Fan-Powered Ventilation. 2009.
http://www.nch h.org/Portals/0/Contents/Factsheet_Ventilation%201.pdf

NCHH: Improving Ventilation in New and Existing Multi-Family Buildings With Individual Unit Ventilation Systems.
2009. http://www.nchh.Org/Portals/0/Contents/ventilation_individual_unit.pdf

NCHH: Integrated Pest Management: A Guide for Affordable Housing. 2012.
http://www.nchh.Org/Portals/0/Contents/IPM-Guide-for-Affordable-Housing.pdf

NCHH: Integrated Pest Management in Multifamily Housing. 2008.
http://www.nchh.org/Training/HealthyHomesTrainingCenter/TrainingCourses/IPM.aspx

NCHH: Reasons to Explore Smoke-Free Housing. 2009.
http://www.nchh.Org/Portals/0/Contents/NCH H_Green_Factsheet_Smokefree.pdf

NCHH-APHA (American Public Health Association): National Healthy Housing Standard. 2014.
http://www.nchh.org/Policy/NationalHealthyHousingStandard.aspx

New York State Energy Research and  Development Authority (NYSERDA): Improving Central Exhaust Systems
for Multifamily Buildings.  2011. http://www.nyserda.ny.gOV/-/media/Files/Publications/Research/Other-Technica!-
Reports/lmproving-Central-Exhaust-Systems-Mu Itifamily-Buildings.pdf

NFPA (National  Fire Protection Association) 31: Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment. 2011.
http://www.nf pa.org/catalog/product.asp?pid=3111&cookie_test=l

NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents,  and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances. 2013.
http://www.nf pa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=211.

NFPA 720: Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection  and Warning Equipment. 2015.
http://www.nf pa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=720

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology): NVLAP (National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation
Program) Asbestos Fiber Analysis LAP. 2015. http://www.nist.gov/nvlap/asb-lap.cfm

NIST: NVLAP Asbestos Fiber Analysis Directory. 2015.
https://www-s.nist.gov/niws/index.cfm?event=directory.search

Northeastern IPM Center at Cornell University: Integrated Pest Management: A Guide for Affordable Housing.
2014. http://www.stoppests.org/stoppests/assets/File/IPM-Guide-for-Affordable-Housing.pdf

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration):  U.S. Department of Labor. OSHA website.
http://www.osha.gov

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1910.1200: Subpart Z. Hazard Communication. Occupational Safety and Health Standards:
Toxic and Hazardous Substances.
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10099

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926: Subpart K. Electrical Standards for Construction. 2001.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10915

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926: Subpart AA. Confined Spaces in Construction. 2015.
https://www.osha.gov/confinedspaces/i ndex.html
Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.21: Safety Training and Education. Safety and Health Regulations for Construction:
General Safety and Health Provisions.
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10607

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.21 (b)(6)(i): Subpart C. Safety Training and Education. Safety and Health Regulations
for Construction: General Safety and Health Provisions.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10607&p_table=STANDARDS

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.28: Subpart C. Personal Protective Equipment. Safety and Health Regulations for
Construction: General Safety and Health Provisions.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10614

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.59: Subpart D. Hazard Communication. Safety and Health Regulations for Construction:
Occupational Health  and Environmental Controls.
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10633

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.62: Subpart D. Lead. Safety and Health Regulations for Construction: Occupational
Health and Environmental Controls.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10641

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.501: Subpart M. Duty To Have Fall Protection. Safety and Health Regulations for
Construction, http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10757&p_table=STANDARDS

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.1053: Subpart X. Ladders. Safety and Health Regulations for Construction.
http://www.osha. gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10839

OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926.1101: Asbestos.  Safety and Health Regulations for Construction: Toxic and Hazardous
Substances, http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10862&p_table=STANDARDS

OSHA: A  Brief Guide to  Mold in the Workplace. 2013. http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shibl01003.html

OSHA: Asbestos. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/

OSHA: Asbestos, Construction.  http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/construction.html

OSHA: Combustible Dust. An Explosion Hazard,  http://www.osha.gov/dsg/combustibledust/index.html

OSHA: Confined Spaces. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/confinedspaces/index.html

OSHA: Electrical Incidents e-Tool. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electricaLincidents/mainpage.html

OSHA: Fall Protection. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/fallprotection/index.html

OSHA: Falls e-Tool. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/falls/mainpage.html

OSHA: Green Job Hazards: Weather Insulating/Sealing, http://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_spf. htm I

OSHA: Hazard Communication,  http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html

OSHA: Lead. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/lead/index.html

OSHA: Lead in Construction. 2004. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3142.pdf

OSHA: Occupational  Safety and Health Act  of 1970. Section 5(a)(l).
http://www.osha. gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=OSHACT&p_id=3359

OSHA: OSHA Technical  Manual  (OTM), Section III: Chapter 7 Legionnaires'  Disease. 1999.
https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_i ii_7.htm I
          Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
OSHA: OSHA Training Courses, Materials, and Resources. https://www.osha.gov/dte/index.html

OSHA: Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). https://www.osha.gov/dsg/annotated-pels/

OSHA: Quick Card. Protect Yourself. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. 2007.
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/3282-10N-05-English-07-18-2007.html

OSHA: Stairways and Ladders: A Guide to OSHA Rules.  2003. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3124.pdf

OSHA: Wood  Dust. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/wooddust/index.html

Resilient Floor Covering Institute: FloorScoreฎ. http://www.rfci.com/knowledge-center/floorscore/

San Francisco Department of the Environment: Guide to the City of San Francisco's Reduced-Risk Pesticide List.
2007.  http://sfenvironment.0rg/sites/default/files/fIiers/files/sfe_th_pesticidetierprotocol.pdf

San Francisco Department of the Environment: Pest Prevention by Design: Authoritative Guidelines for Designing
Pests Out of Structures. 2012. http://www.sfenvironment.org/download/pest-prevention-by-design-guidelines

San Francisco Department of the Environment: Products Screened by the Integrated Pest Management Program,
City and County of San Francisco. 2008.
http://sfenvironment.org/sites/defau lt/files/fliers/files/sfe_th_products_screened_by_sfe_ipm.pdf

Scientific Certification Systems: SCSEC10.2-2007. Environmental Certification Program: Indoor Air Quality
Performance. 2007. http://www.scscertified.com/docs/SCS-EC10.2-2007.pdf

SMACNA (Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association): IAQ Guidelines for Occupied
Buildings Under Construction, Second Edition. 2007.
https://isgweb.smacna.org/isgweb/Purchase/ProductDetai I.aspx?Product_code=1072

Smoke Free Housing Coalition of Maine: http://www.smokefreeforme.org/

Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium: 2015. http://www.ttac.org/

Toxic Substances Control Act Title VI: Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products. 2010.
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-lllsl660enr/pdf/BILLS-lllsl660enr.pdf

UL: Fire-Resistance and Smoke Protection.
http://ul.com/code-authorities/building-code/fire-resistance-and-smoke-protection/

UL 181A: UL 181A Standard for Closure Systems for Use With Rigid Air Ducts. 2013.
http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=181A

UL 181B: UL 181B Standard for Closure Systems for Use With Flexible Air  Ducts and Air Connectors. 2013.
http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=181B

UL 2034: UL 2034 Standard for Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms. 2008.
http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=2034&edition=3&doctype=ulstd

UL Environment: GREENGUARD Gold Certification.
http://www.greenguard.org/en/man ufacturers/manufacturer_childrenSchools.aspx

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture): Cooperative Extension System Offices. 2014.
http://nifa.usda.gov/partners-and-extension-map?state=AII&type= Extension

WAPTAC (Weatherization Assistance Program Technical  Assistance Center):  Multifamily Audits. 2015.
http://waptac.org/Energy-Audits/Multifamily-Audits.aspx
Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                               APPENDIX  E:  MASTER  VERIFICATION  CHECKLIST
        United States
        Environmental Protection
        Agency
                            Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Multifamily Residential Building Upgrades

                            Note: This Verification Checklist is to be used in conjunction with the assessment protocols and recommended actions in Section 2
                            of Energy Savings Plus Health: Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Multifamily Residential Building Upgrades.
 Building Identification:
 City/State/Zip:
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                                              Date:
                                                                 1.0 Moisture Control and Mold
                                                                                         Complete     N/A
NOTES
             Inspected the interior and exterior of the building and the building's mechanical systems for evidence
             of moisture problems, and documented the results.
             Determined whether the project requires mold remediation or additional moisture control measures
             based on the findings of the moisture inspection described in Assessment Protocol (AP) 1.1.
             Identified moisture problems to address/repair before building upgrades.
             Assessed for moisture or mold problems that cannot be resolved under the building upgrade project.
             Did not start construction projects that would reduce the building's air infiltration rate if there are
             unresolved moisture problems.
 MA 1.1
 MA 1.2
 MA 1.3
 MA 1.4
 MA 1.6
 MA 1.7
Repaired moisture problems identified during the assessment including plumbing leaks, rain leaks and
foundation leaks.
Conducted mold remediation following professional guidance, such as EPA's Mold Remediation In
Schools and Commercial Buildings and Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification
(IICRC) Mold Remediation Standard S520.
Addressed standing water problems. Corrected surface water pooling near the foundation before
insulating basement or crawlspace walls.
Managed rainwater in assemblies included within the scope of work (e.g., drainage planes and
flashings). Ensured there is adequate slope and drainage away from the building.
             Ensured proper heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) condensate drainage.
Prevented condensation in the building by air sealing the enclosure, managing water vapor flow,
managing air pressure relationships, ensuring all piping and valves with condensation potential are
adequately insulated, and controlling indoor humidity sources.
Properly sized HVAC systems to manage moisture inside the building. Installed supplemental
dehumidification equipment if needed to avoid indoor moisture problems.
Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)    I Minimum Action (MA) II Expanded Action (EA)
                                                  Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES      87

-------
                                                            1.0 Moisture Control and Mold (continued)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                        Complete     N/A
NOTES
Used nonporous construction materials in moisture-prone areas.
Protected open roof areas from rain during construction, and designed and constructed roofing systems
and flashing details to ensure proper moisture barriers. Repaired leaks before air sealing or insulating
the attic.
Protected on-site materials from moisture.
Retrofitted crawlspaces so that they are sealed, insulated, ventilated with conditioned air, properly
drained and waterproofed. Installed a high capacity, energy-efficient dehumidifier in the space (if
climate conditions warranted).
Followed EPA or other professional guidance to perform additional activities to remediate mold growth.















 MA 1.9
 MA 1.10
 EA 1.1
                                                                         2.0 Asbestos
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                        Complete     N/A
NOTES
Determined potential asbestos hazards in the building and identified asbestos-containing materials
(ACM). Completed assessments for ACM prior to initiating building upgrade tasks that have the
potential to disturb ACM.
If unsure whether material contains asbestos, contacted a trained and accredited asbestos professional
to assess, sample, and test the material, as needed. Notified the building owner and/or property
manager of any ACM identified during the assessments.
Addressed ACM during building upgrades and used accredited personnel for abatement or repair.
Immediately isolated the area if suspected ACM was found to be damaged (e.g., unraveling, frayed,
breaking apart). For suspected ACM that must be disturbed as part of the project, contacted an
accredited and properly trained asbestos professional.
Exercised caution to prevent the release of asbestos particles into the air during work activities (e.g.,
no dusting, sweeping or vacuuming ACM debris; no sawing, sanding, scraping or drilling holes into
ACM; no using abrasive pads or brushes to strip ACM).
Did not remove or disturb insulation that appears to be vermiculite.
Conducted asbestos abatement before blower door testing and exercised caution when conducting
blower door testing where friable asbestos or vermiculite attic insulation is present (e.g., used
positively pressurized blower door testing).


















 MA 2.1
 MA 2.2
 MA 2.3
 MA 2.4
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)    I  Minimum Action (MA)  II  Expanded Action (EA)
88      Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
3.0 Lead
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
• Assumed lead-based paint was used in buildings built before 1978, unless testing shows otherwise.
Recognized that lead-based paint may be present in any building. Tested any suspected surfaces that
will be disturbed during the building upgrade.
1 Determined the area of any lead-based paint that will be disturbed during the planned work.
Complied with EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Program Rule. Used a Certified Renovator,
1 followed leadsafe work practices, isolated the work area to avoid occupant exposure, minimized lead
dust, left no dust or debris behind, and successfully performed cleaning verification or clearance
testing.
1 Informed maintenance staff that if they will be disturbing lead paint, they must be trained and
certified under EPA's RRP Program for lead-safe work practices.
1 Complied with expanded requirements including the U.S. Housing and Urban Development's (HUD)
lead-safe rehabilitation practices and EPA lead hazard standards for lead dust testing.
Replaced windows that test positive for lead-based paint.
1 Ensured all future paint applications in the building are lead-free.





















                                                                  4.0 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                              Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Determined whether fluorescent light ballasts containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are present.
              Assessed whether caulk will be disturbed during building upgrade activities.
              Replaced PCB-containing fluorescent light ballasts that are leaking with new lighting fixtures. Any oil
              or stains leaked from PCB-containing ballasts were properly cleaned up or disposed of. Considered
              replacement of all PCB-containing light ballasts with new lighting fixtures.
              If PCBs were potentially present in caulk that was disturbed during building renovations, took steps
              to minimize exposure following EPA's information at the Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Building
              Materials Web page.
              Adhered to requirements of 40 CFR Part 761 to ensure that any PCB-containing waste was handled
              properly. Documented and stored copies of all test results and all disposal measures.
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA) II  Expanded Action (EA)
                                                      Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES  FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES      89

-------
5.0 Radon
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
1 Selected a radon testing professional from a list of qualified testers obtained from the state radon
1 If there are no state requirements, selected a radon professional who is certified by the National Radon
| Proficiency Program or the National Radon Safety Board.
1 Tested for radon either: (1) both pre- and post-upgrade work, or (2) only post-upgrade work.
1 Followed sampling guidance in American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists, Inc.
1 (AARST) Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily
1 Before completing upgrade activities, took precautionary measures listed in the first column of
Table 2. Radon Testing Options and Reduction Strategies.
1 After building upgrade work, followed the appropriate Minimum Actions outlined in Table 2. Radon
Testing Options and Reduction Strategies, depending on post-work radon test results. Mitigated high
radon levels according to AARST Radon Mitigation Standards for Multifamily Buildings, RMS-MF
2014.
Notified the building owner and/or property manager about the radon test results and radon-reduction
1 measures that were implemented. Advised periodic retesting in areas of the building that have been
mitigated for radon.
Followed the appropriate Expanded Actions outlined in Table 2. Radon Testing Options and Reduction
Strategies, depending on post-work radon test results.


















                                                              6.0 Belowground Contaminants (Except Radon)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                             Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Evaluated potential sources and odors (e.g., gasoline, sewer gas or fuel oil).
              Evaluated the sewer vent system to confirm that drain traps have water in them and inspected drain
              lines for breaks or leaks.
              If an odor is detected but its source cannot be identified, and the building is in a known area of
              contamination, notified local or state authorities and/or pursued additional assessments before
              continuing project work.
              Conducted a further assessment if vapor-forming soil or groundwater contamination is suspected
              on or near the building site. Consulted state or tribal voluntary Brownfields cleanup programs or
              environmental regulatory agencies for information on the risks of vapor intrusion in the area.
              Repaired or replaced failed or unattached sewer vent system components before proceeding with
              building upgrade projects.
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II  Expanded Action (EA)
90     Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR  QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                     6.0 Belowground Contaminants (Except Radon) (continued)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
 MA 6.2
                                                                                        Complete      N/A
NOTES
Addressed drain traps prone to drying out by developing a maintenance plan to periodically add water
to the traps, and considered installation of inline drain seals to floor drains prone to drying out.
Mitigated soil gas vapor intrusion in compliance with local or state standards (Table X5.1 of American
Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] E2600 or EPA guidance).
Installed floor drain seals to untrapped floor drains.
Installed automatic drain trap primers in floor drains that are susceptible to drying out to ensure that a
small amount of water is periodically delivered to the trap and to prevent it from drying out.
Implemented measures to prevent migration of soil-gas contaminants into occupied spaces for new
construction and building expansion projects located on Brownfield sites, as described in ASHRAE
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Guide, Strategy 3.4.















 MA 6.3
 EA6.2
 EA6.3
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                    7.0 Garage Air Pollutants
                                                                                        Complete      N/A
NOTES
1 Identified whether the building has any attached garages.
1 Checked for HVAC systems inside any attached garages.
1 Identified air leaks between any attached garages and occupied spaces that share a surface with the
| garages.
1 Identified whether any combustion engines other than automobiles and trucks are operated in attached
| garages.
Eliminated/minimized unwanted air transfer of garage air pollutants to dwelling units via mechanical
1 equipment and ductwork.
Compartmentalized attached garages from occupied spaces by sealing openings and penetrations.
Ensured a carbon monoxide alarm is installed in every room that shares a floor, ceiling or wall with the
garage. Provided an exhaust fan in any attached garage, vented directly to the outdoors.
Relocated air-handling equipment that serves occupied spaces from the garage to an area within
conditioned space.
1 Performed additional efforts to compartmentalize garages from occupied spaces.
Advised the building owner or property manager to remove all combustion engine-operated equipment
(except automobiles and trucks) from inside the garage, where feasible.



























 AP7.2
 AP7.3
 AP7.4
 MA 7.1
 MA 7.2
 EA7.1
 EA7.3
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II Expanded Action (EA)
                                                   Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
8.0 Pests
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
1 Identified potential pests of concern, including any organisms likely to colonize the building based on
1 Identified evidence of pests, and determined whether pesticides are being used in the building to
1 Assessed whether the building already has an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan and whether it
| is being followed and sustained.
Mitigated pest infestations; selected an IPM professional for pest management needs.
1 Reduced the potential for pest entry into the building by blocking, sealing and eliminating pest entry
1 points around the building envelope.
1 Patched and sealed openings in areas with evidence of rodent infestation with rodent-resistant
1 materials prior to installing weatherization materials that may be susceptible to gnawing.
Reduced the risk of pest dispersal throughout the building by sealing and blocking interior
passageways.
1 Implemented protections for outdoor air intakes and exhausts to eliminate pest entryways.
Maintained existing pest protections within the building.
Removed clutter, eliminated woodpiles and waste near the building, and removed any bushes, trees or
vegetation closer than two feet from the structure. Kept vegetation away from outdoor air intakes and
outdoor mechanical equipment. Did not pile up soils and mulches against the building's exterior walls.
1 If there is no IPM plan for the building, worked with the building owner and/or property manager to
develop and implement one.
Ensured exterior garbage cans and dumpsters are scalable and sanitized regularly.




































                                                                      9.0 Tracked-ln Pollutants
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                              Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Inspected all building common entrances for walk-off mats or entry mat systems. Noted conditions of
              dirt or moisture accumulation near entrances that might need walk-off mats or entryway floor cleaning
              systems.
 MA 9.1
 EA9.1
Provided walk-off mats to trap dirt and moisture at all building common entrances.
Installed permanent entryway systems at all regularly used building common entrances to capture dirt
and particulates in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 189.1, Section 8.3.1.5, or EPA's IAQ Design
Tools for Schools, Entry Mat Barriers.
Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II  Expanded Action (EA)
        Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR  MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
10.0 Building Products/Materials Emissions
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
1 Reviewed content and emissions documentation for products and materials being considered for the
| project to determine whether they contain potentially hazardous compounds.
1 Selected the least toxic products or materials feasible for each application. Used products and
materials that indicate they have (or are certified as having) low-volatile organic compound (VOC)
1 content or low-VOC emissions. Specified products and materials that meet independent certification
1 and testing protocols (see examples listed in MA 10.1).
Selected low-emitting wood and composite-wood products compliant with California Title 17 Airborne
Toxic Control Measures (ATCM).
If California Title 17 ATCM compliant materials are not available, used wood products that meet
1 Section 6.1 of EPA's Indoor airPLUS Construction Specifications.
1 Performed a post-construction building flush-out in the renovated building/spaces before occupancy
resumed.
Followed guidance outlined in MA 23.4 to protect absorptive materials during construction.
1 Aired out new construction materials in a well-ventilated, clean and dry space prior to installation.
Sealed composite wood products with a low-VOC or no-VOC sealant intended to reduce VOC emissions.
1 Investigated and corrected potential contaminant source problems after building modifications.
Performed a post-construction flush out or baseline IAQ monitoring per ASHRAE Standard 189.1,
1 Section 10.3.1.4(b) after construction was completed.
Required products that have submitted their complete chemical inventory to a third party for
1 verification. Made the verification / certification by the third party publicly available.






























                                                                  11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                               Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Completed a safety inspection of all vented combustion appliances. The inspection shall include
              observations for applicable code requirements including proper clearances, condition of venting,
              assessment of the  potential for back-drafting, integrity of fuel lines, safety of electrical connections
              and condition  of the appliance itself.
 MA 11.1
 MA 11.2
Repaired, removed or replaced combustion appliances as needed to correct all deficiencies identified
during the assessments and ensure compliance with applicable codes and standards. Ensured proper
venting after modifications that affected building envelope leakage and airflows.
Ensured that all combustion exhaust is captured as close to the combustion source as possible,
exhausted directly outdoors, and not vented into other indoor spaces such as attics, crawlspaces or
basements.
Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II Expanded Action (EA)
                                                     Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                         11.0 Vented Combustion Appliances (continued)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
 MA 11.3
                                                                                       Complete     N/A
NOTES
Ensured that vented appliances have sufficient makeup air to replace vented air and maintain normal
operating conditions.
Ensured that boiler-firing adjustments are operating properly.
Ensured carbon monoxide (CO) detection and warning equipment is installed and located according to
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 720 and any applicable local or state requirements.
Installed power-vented or sealed-combustion equipment when replacing combustion equipment
located in occupied or conditioned spaces. Installation was performed in accordance with Air
Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Standard 5.
Replaced older, lower efficiency appliances that have pilot burners with higher efficiency appliances
incorporating electronic ignition.















 MA 11.4
 MA 11.5
 EA 11.1
 EA 11.2
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                             12.0 Unvented Combustion Appliances
                                                                                       Complete     N/A
NOTES
Identified unvented combustion appliances and determined whether any local or state regulations
prohibiting these devices apply. Checked locations of unvented gas or kerosene spaces heaters and
assessed the potential for the unvented heaters to influence the thermostat that controls the primary
heat source. Determined whether CO detection and warning equipment was installed in dwelling units
with unvented combustion appliances.
Ensured adequate ventilation and exhaust in spaces with unvented combustion equipment. Ensured
ASHRAE Standard 62.22013 requirements, and any applicable building code requirements, for
local exhaust and outdoor air ventilation are met for kitchens equipped with gas cooking appliances.
Ensured that kitchen exhaust fans vent directly to the outdoors.
With the occupants' permission, removed all unvented combustion space heaters that do not conform
to local or state regulations.
Advised occupants to always consult and follow the manufacturers' printed instructions for proper
operation and maintenance of unvented combustion appliances. Advised occupants that unvented
space heaters should not be used in a manner that influences the thermostat controlling the primary
heat source, thereby causing the space heater to operate in place of the primary heat source.
Ensured CO detection and warning equipment is installed and located according to NFPA 720 and any
applicable local or state requirements.















 MA 12.1
 MA 12.2
 MA 12.3
 MA 12.4
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)    I Minimum Action (MA) II Expanded Action (EA)
94      Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                                   13.0 Ozone from Indoor Sources
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
              Determined whether any air-cleaning or purifying equipment designed to intentionally produce ozone
              (e.g., ozone generators) was present.
                                                                                            Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Did not install any air cleaning equipment designed to intentionally produce ozone. Recommended
              removal of existing air cleaning equipment designed to produce ozone intentionally, if present.
                                                               14.0 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete | N/A | NOTES
AP 14.1
AP 14.2
AP 14.3
AP 14.4
MA 14.1
MA 14.2
EA 14.1
1 Determined whether the building has a smoke-free policy prohibiting smoking in common areas and
1 residential dwelling units.
1 Determined whether the building has an exterior smoking policy that prohibits smoking within a
1 specified distance (e.g., 10, 20 or 25 feet) of the building's operable windows, outdoor air intakes and
1 entryways.
1 Identified whether there have been occupant complaints or concerns about smoking.
1 Assessed whether space compartmentalization is a possible ETS control strategy.
If there is a pattern of smoking-related complaints and the building has an interior and/or exterior
smoke-free policy, discussed occupant education, signage and implementation methods with building
owner and/or property manager. Reviewed the building smoking policies and revised as necessary.
1 If the building does not have interior and exterior smoke-free policies, took appropriate actions
for ETS control, including (1) source control, (2) ventilation and air-pressure control, and (3) air
1 sealing. Proposed developing and implementing indoor smoke-free and exterior smoking policies, as
1 appropriate.
1 Pursued additional ETS control actions if there is a history of complaints and a smoke-free policy is
not feasible.





















                                                           15.0 Wood Smoke and Other Solid Fuel Emissions
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                            Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Determined whether there are wood- or coal-burning appliances in the building. If a building policy on
              wood- and coal-burning devices exists, reviewed it for compatibility with the Minimum Actions in this
              section.
             Assessed what the proper size of any wood- or coal-burning appliances will be after the building
             upgrade is complete. If the current unit is oversized, recommended replacement with a properly sized,
             EPA-certified appliance.
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)    I  Minimum Action (MA) II  Expanded Action (EA)
                                                     Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES      95

-------
                                                       15.0 Wood Smoke and Other Solid Fuel Emissions (continued)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
              If wood- or coal-burning appliances are present, determined whether there is evidence of wood smoke
              emissions affecting the building (e.g., evidence of soot on the walls or ceiling, creosote staining near
              the flue pipe, a strong odor of wood smoke within common areas or dwelling units).
                                                                                                Complete
NOTES
              Assessed wood- or coal-burning appliance safety, including appliance condition, proper distances of
              the appliance and flue from combustible materials, adequate floor protection, and proper venting of
              combustion by-products.
              Determined whether any wood-burning appliances are EPA-certified.
              Determined whether an outdoor wood- or coal-fired appliance is generating hydronic heat.  If the wood-
              or coal-burning appliance is operating during the assessment, observed the opacity of the smoke
              leaving the chimney.
 MA 15.1
 MA 15.2
 MA 15.3
 EA 15.1
Corrected any problems identified during the assessments, and worked with a certified fireplace or
chimney safety professional as needed. Any new appliances are properly sized and EPA-certified.
Encouraged the building owner or property manager to have a certified professional inspect and
maintain the chimney and wood- or coal-burning appliance annually.
Shared EPA's Burn Wise Tips with the building owner or property manager.
Replaced non-certified wood- or coal-burning appliances with properly sized, EPA-certified appliances;
or replaced them with heating equipment that does not burn solid fuels.
                                                    16.0 Compartmentalization to Prevent Odor or Unwanted Air Transfer
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                                Complete
              Determined which areas or dwelling units in the building are likely to be sources of irritating pollutants
              or noxious odors or where unwanted air transfer occurs. To the extent possible, worked with building
              owner, property manager and occupants to identify IAQ concerns that arise from pollutant migration
              among dwelling units, common areas and commercial spaces.
              Identified spaces in the building with strong pollutant sources that could be isolated using
              Compartmentalization techniques. The intent is to limit uncontrolled airflow and cross contamination
              among spaces, achieved by air sealing and controlling pressure differences.
 MA 16.1
 EA 16.1
Minimized pollutant transfer between spaces by implementing: (1) source control, (2) ventilation and
air pressure control, and (3) air sealing. Referred to MA 16.1 for detailed guidance.
Implemented expanded ventilation and air pressure control strategies to reduce contaminant transfer
between spaces.
              Implemented expanded air sealing to reduce contaminant transfer between spaces.
Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)     I Minimum Action (MA) II  Expanded Action (EA)
96     Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR  QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
17.0 HVAC Equipment
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
• Conducted an HVAC assessment to evaluate the condition of existing HVAC systems and components
in accordance with minimum inspection standards of ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180 or other equivalent
• Determined whether the existing HVAC systems are sized properly. If HVAC system replacements or
modifications are anticipated, based heating/cooling load and equipment sizing calculations on post-
Repaired, modified or replaced equipment to ensure that existing HVAC systems operate properly.
1 Properly sized and installed any new HVAC equipment.
Ensured new HVAC systems for dwelling units have air filtration with a minimum MERV (minimum
efficiency reporting value) 6 rating, and new HVAC systems for nonresidential spaces have air filtration
with a minimum MERV 8 rating.
For existing HVAC systems, checked with manufacturers to determine whether filters with these MERV
1 ratings can be accommodated by the equipment and, if not, installed filters with the highest MERV
1 ratings that can be accommodated.
Followed ASHRAE Standard 188-2015 or Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Technical Manual, Section III: Chapter 7 Legionnaires' Disease to protect against bacterial growth in
building water systems.
Trained building staff on operations and maintenance of the HVAC systems after the building upgrade.
1 Increased filter efficiencies in new and existing HVAC systems to the highest MERV ratings possible
based on equipment capabilities.
Developed plans to conduct follow-up HVAC training with building operations and maintenance staff
1 (e.g., 6 months or 1 year after the initial training).



























                                                        18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Individual Dwelling Units
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                           Complete      N/A
NOTES
             Determined whether dwelling units have individual mechanical ventilation systems. For other outdoor
             air ventilation configurations, referred to Priority Issues 19.0 and 20.0.
             Determined whether dwelling unit mechanical ventilation systems meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013
             requirements.
             Determined whether ventilation provided to corridors and nonresidential spaces, as applicable, meets
             the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013.
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)     I Minimum Action (MA)  II Expanded Action (EA)
                                                    Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES      97

-------
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                   18.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Individual Dwelling Units (continued)
                                                                                               Complete
NOTES
              Identified the locations of outdoor air intakes for all ventilation systems and assessed their distances
              from outdoor pollutant sources.
 MA 18.1
 MA 18.2
Repaired or upgraded dwelling unit mechanical ventilation systems as needed to ensure proper
operation and to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013.
Repaired or upgraded ventilation systems serving corridors and nonresidential spaces, as applicable,
to ensure proper operation and to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013. If it is not
possible to achieve the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 minimum outdoor air ventilation rates, adjusted
systems to provide the maximum amount of outdoor air ventilation possible.
              Installed balanced ventilation systems with energy recovery in dwelling units.
 EA 18.2
For nonresidential spaces that are included in the scope of service, in locations where the ambient
outdoor air exceeds national standards for particulate matter (PM25, PM10) or ozone, ensured that
the outdoor air filtration and air-cleaning requirements of ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014 are met for
mechanical ventilation systems.
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                               19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple Dwelling Units Using Central Exhaust
                                                                                               Complete     N/A
NOTES
              Determined whether dwelling units are served by central mechanical exhaust ventilation systems. For
              other outdoor air ventilation configurations, referred to Priority Issues 18.0 and 20.0.
              Determined whether central mechanical exhaust ventilation systems meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-
              2013 requirements in dwelling units.
              Determined whether ventilation provided to corridors and nonresidential spaces, as applicable, meets
              the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013.
              Identified the locations of outdoor air intakes for all ventilation systems and assessed their distances
              from outdoor pollutant sources.
 MA 19.1
 MA 19.2
Repaired or upgraded central mechanical exhaust ventilation systems as needed to ensure proper
operation and to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 in dwelling units.
Repaired or upgraded ventilation systems serving corridors and nonresidential spaces, as applicable,
to ensure proper operation and to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013. If it is not
possible to achieve the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 minimum outdoor air ventilation rates, adjusted
systems to provide the maximum amount of outdoor air ventilation possible.
Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II Expanded Action (EA)
98     Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                          19.0 Mechanical Ventilation for Multiple Dwelling Units Using Central Exhaust (continued)
                                                                                               Complete      N/A
NOTES
 EA 19.1
 EA 19.2
Air sealed the central exhaust system's ventilation shaft with a spray seal system (aerosol or fluid
applied). Ensured that the ductwork sealing required under Minimum Actions (roof curb connections,
lateral connections and connections behind exhaust grilles) was completed before air sealing the
ventilation shaft.
For nonresidential spaces that are included in the scope of service, in locations where the ambient
outdoor air exceeds national standards for  particulate matter (PM25, PM10) or ozone, ensured that
the outdoor air filtration and air-cleaning requirements of ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014 are met for
mechanical ventilation systems.
                                                               20.0 Natural (Not Fan-Powered) Ventilation
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                               Complete      N/A
NOTES
              Determined whether dwelling units are served by natural ventilation systems. For other outdoor air
              ventilation configurations, referred to Priority Issues 18.0 and 19.0.
              Determined whether the dwelling units and/or building meet the exceptions to the whole-building
              mechanical ventilation requirement in ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013, Section 4.1.1.
              Determined whether ventilation provided to corridors and nonresidential spaces, as applicable, meets
              the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013.
              Identified the locations of outdoor air intakes for all ventilation systems and assessed their distances
              from outdoor pollutant sources.
 MA 20.1
 MA 20.2
 EA20.1
 EA 20.2
Converted the natural ventilation system to a fan-powered system if the dwelling unit served by natural
ventilation does not meet the exceptions to the whole-building mechanical ventilation requirement in
ASHRAE Standard  62.2-2013.
Repaired or upgraded ventilation systems serving corridors and nonresidential spaces, as applicable,
to ensure proper operation and to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013. If it is not
possible to achieve the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 minimum outdoor air ventilation rates, adjusted
systems to provide the maximum amount of outdoor air ventilation possible.
Included requirements for advanced passive ventilation systems. The ventilation rate for each dwelling
unit must be sufficient to achieve the goal of an ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 mechanical ventilation
rate (i.e., the annual average ventilation rate shall not be less than if a mechanical system was
installed according to ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013).
For nonresidential spaces that are included in the scope of service, in locations where the ambient
outdoor air exceeds national standards for  particulate matter (PM25, PM10) or ozone, ensured that
the outdoor air filtration and air-cleaning requirements of ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2014 are met for
mechanical ventilation systems.
Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II  Expanded Action (EA)
                                                     Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING  UPGRADES      99

-------
21.0 Local Exhaust Ventilation
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
| Identified rooms or areas with localized contaminant sources that require exhaust ventilation.
B Determined whether dwelling units have local exhaust ventilation in kitchens and bathrooms, and
whether there is compliance with the requirements for kitchens and bathrooms in ASHRAE Standard
1 Determined whether clothes dryers exhaust directly to the outdoors. Inspected clothes dryer vents for
B Determined whether spaces outside dwelling units comply with exhaust requirements of ASHRAE
Standard 62.1-2013, Table 6.5, as applicable. To the extent possible, included retail and other
nonresidential spaces in the building.
^^^^^^1 Installed, repaired or replaced local exhaust ventilation in dwelling units to meet the requirements
1 of ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013 for kitchen and bathroom exhausts. Advised building management
1 and occupants about the need to use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms during activities that
generate pollutants and moisture (e.g., cooking and showering).
Ensured that all clothes dryers exhaust directly to the outdoors and cannot be readily diverted indoors
1 Installed, repaired or replaced exhaust ventilation in spaces outside dwelling units to meet the
minimum exhaust rates specified in ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013, Table 6.5. To the extent possible,
worked with the building owner, property manager and other building tenants to include retail and
1 Followed the Minimum Actions under Priority Issue 16.0 Compartmentalization to enhance the
1 effectiveness of exhaust ventilation and reduce odor migration and unwanted airflow from adjacent
1 Ensured kitchen and bath exhausts in dwelling units meet requirements of ASHRAE Standard
62.2-2013, without the need to use the Standard's alternative compliance path.
Used one or more strategies in bathrooms to control the use of local exhaust fans (e.g., an occupancy/
motion sensor, an automatic humidistat controller, an automatic timer to operate the fan for
20 minutes or more after an occupant leaves the room, or a continuously operating exhaust fan).
1 Installed additional local exhaust ventilation in spaces outside dwelling units with strong, localized
Followed the Expanded Actions under Priority Issue 16.0 Compartmentalization to enhance the
1 effectiveness of exhaust ventilation and reduce odor migration and unwanted airflow from adjacent




































Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II  Expanded Action (EA)
100    Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
22.0 Building Safety for Occupants
Assessment Protocol and Action Verification | Complete N/A NOTES
• Documented safety hazards observed during the building IAQ walkthrough, energy audit or other
inspections. Immediately informed the building owner and property manager of any urgent and life-
1 Determined whether there are working smoke alarms and CO alarms installed in dwelling units and
B Identified products containing hazardous chemicals (e.g., strong cleaners, hazardous materials,
pesticides) that are stored in accessible locations.
• Checked whether there are working fire extinguishers in dwelling units and appropriate common areas.
Worked with the building owner or property manager to assess whether fire extinguisher placement
1 Determined whether the water heater temperature settings are within the allowable limits of the local
1 Assessed whether knob-and-tube electrical wiring is present in the building and whether it is located
Hym^ | in areas impacted by the building upgrades.
Immediately corrected urgent and life-threatening safety risks. Corrected other safety hazards during
1 the building upgrade activities.
Replaced non-functioning smoke and CO alarms. If smoke alarms or CO alarms were not present,
installed new alarms consistent with local code requirements; if local code requirements do not exist,
installed smoke alarms and CO alarms in every dwelling unit consistent with Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC) guidance and located according to NFPA 720.
Recommended appropriate storage of hazardous chemicals.
1 Worked with the building owner or property manager to ensure there are fire extinguishers installed
Hjjj^j according to applicable code requirements.
Ensured that water heater set points do not exceed allowable limits of local and state codes.
Otherwise, ensured that water heater set points do not exceed 120ฐF to prevent scalding.
1 Followed precautions in U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Standard Work Specifications for Single-
Family Home Energy Upgrades for knob-and-tube electrical wiring (e.g., live knob-and-tube wiring shall
not be covered or surrounded, and exposed knobandtube wiring shall be replaced with new appropriate
wiring, as required by the National Electrical Code or authority having jurisdiction).
Installed CO alarms that can detect and store peak CO levels of less than 30 parts per million in







































Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II  Expanded Action (EA)
                                                 Energy Savings Plus Health  I INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES     101

-------
                                                          22.0 Building Safety for Occupants (continued)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                        Complete     N/A
NOTES
Installed fall prevention measures.
Installed light switches at the top and bottom of all stairwells.
1 Installed safety lighting on or near steps.
Repaired malfunctioning doors, windows, roofs and floors.
1 Qualified personnel ensured the safety of electrical systems by confirming they are
with applicable codes.

in conformance
















 EA 22.4
 EA 22.5
        ient Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                        Complete     N/A
NOTES
Determined building occupancy patterns during expected construction periods, and identified any
special needs of the building occupants.
Identified potential construction-related contaminants and the pathways through which they could
impact the IAQ experienced by building occupants.
Identified the extent to which mercury exposure is a risk during the building upgrade (e.g., if
the upgrade involves installing or replacing mercury-containing products such as thermostats,
thermometers, fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamp [CFL] bulbs).
Minimized occupant and worker exposures during construction (e.g., adhered to Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning Contractors' National Association [SMACNA] Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Occupied
Buildings Under Construction). Properly isolated work areas from occupants. Contained construction
contaminants. Thoroughly cleaned work areas prior to re-entry of occupants. Promptly responded to
any occupant complaints or concerns.
Protected HVAC systems from contaminants during work activities, performed post-construction
inspections. Cleaned to remove dust and debris from ductwork, as needed. Ensured new HVAC filters
were installed prior to occupancy.
If mercury is identified, determined whether the building has a mercury spill response plan. Provided
guidance to the property manager and occupants on how to perform proper clean up following EPA
guidance. Used caution not to break mercury-containing materials during upgrade activities. Properly
disposed of fluorescent lighting and CFL bulbs.
Protected highly absorptive materials from airborne contaminants and emissions caused by
construction.





















 MA 23.1
 MA 23.2
 MA 23.3
 MA 23.4
Color Codes
Assessment Protocol (AP)    I Minimum Action (MA) II  Expanded Action (EA)
102    Energy Savings Plus Health  I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULTIFAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES

-------
                                                          23.0 Protecting IAQ During Construction (continued)
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                               Complete     N/A
NOTES
 MA 23.5
 EA23.1
 EA 23.2
Employed safe work practices to avoid exposure to SPF insulation. Followed manufacturers' printed
instructions for vacating building occupants, and other unprotected individuals not involved in the
application of the spray polyurethane foam (SPF) products, from the premises during and for some
period after SPF application.
Considered and implemented additional protections as appropriate and necessary to protect the health
and safety of building occupants.
Replaced mercury-containing products and devices with products that do not contain mercury,
excluding fluorescent lights and CFL bulbs.
                                                                         24.0 Jobsite Safety
 Assessment Protocol and Action Verification
                                                                                               Complete     N/A
NOTES
Evaluated worker health and safety concerns that could be encountered during the building upgrade.
Referred to Appendix A: Worker Protection for recommended evaluation measures and actions.
Referred to Appendix A: Worker Protection for recommended actions to protect worker health and
safety, and available resources.






Color Codes
  Assessment Protocol (AP)     I  Minimum Action (MA)  II Expanded Action (EA)
                                                     Energy Savings Plus Health I  INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR MULT I FAMILY BUILDING UPGRADES     103

-------

-------