United States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Presidential
Green Chemistry Challenge
Awards Program:
Summary of 2015 Award
Entries and Recipients
An electronic version of this document is available at:
http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry
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of
Contents
Introduction [[[1
Awards [[[3
Academic Award. ........................................... 3
Small Business Award. . 4
Greener Synthetic Pathways Award 5
Greener Reaction Conditions Award 6
Designing Greener Chemicals Award 7
Specific Environmental Benefit: Climate Change Award. .8
Entries from Academia ............................................9
Entries from Small Businesses ..................................... 13
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Introduction
Each year chemists, engineers, and other scientists from across the United States nominate
their technologies for a Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award. This prestigious award
highlights and honors innovative green chemistry technologies, including cleaner processes; safer
raw materials; and safer, better products. These awards recognize and promote the environmental
and economic benefits of developing and using novel green chemistry.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) celebrates this year's innovative,
award-winning technologies selected from among scores of high-quality nominations. Each
nomination must represent one or more recently developed chemistry technologies that prevent
pollution through source reduction. Nominated technologies are also meant to succeed in the
marketplace: each is expected to illustrate the technical feasibility, marketability, and profitability
of green chemistry.
Throughout the 20 years of the awards program, EPA has received 1,653 nominations and
presented awards to 104 winners. By recognizing groundbreaking scientific solutions to real-
world environmental problems, the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge has significantly
reduced the hazards associated with designing, manufacturing, and using chemicals.
Each year our 104 winning technologies are together responsible for:
• Reducing the use or generation of 826 million pounds of hazardous chemicals
• Saving 21 billion gallons of water
• Eliminating 7.8 billion pounds of carbon dioxide releases to air
And adding the benefits from the nominated technologies would greatly increase the program's
total benefits.
This booklet summarizes entries submitted for the 2015 awards that fell within the scope of
the program. An independent panel of technical experts convened by the American Chemical
Society Green Chemistry Institute'*' judged the entries for the 2015 awrards. Judging criteria
included health and environmental benefits, scientific innovation, and industrial applicability.
Six of the nominated technologies were selected as winners and were nationally recognized on
July 13, 2015, at an awards ceremony in Washington, D.C.
Further information about the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards and EPA's
Green Chemistry Program is available at www.epa.gov/greenchemistry.
Note: The abstracts in this document were submitted in nominations for the 2015 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards.
They were copied directly from the nominations and have only been edited for stylistic consistency. They are not written or officially
endorsed by the Agency. These abstracts represent only a fraction of the information provided in the nominations from which they
were copied; judging was conducted on all information in the nominations. Claims made in these abstracts have not been verified
by EPA. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation.
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Greener Condensation Reactions for Renewable Chemicals,
Liquid Fuels, and Biodegradable Polymers
Innovation and Benefits
Condensation reactions are necessary tor the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, fuels,
and materials. However, they generate a large amount of waste and are commonly metal-
mediated. To address these problems, Professor Chen developed a condensation reaction using
a biomass platform chemical (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) for the production of renewable
chemicals, fuels, and polymeric materials. Additionally, he developed a polycondensation
using acrylic monomers to create biodegradable unsaturated polyesters. This new technology
offers two novel synthetic pathways that are catalytic, waste-free and metal-free.
In condensation reactions, as two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, small
molecules split oft. Because of the loss of this small molecule, such as water, hydrogen
chloride, ethylcne, mcthanol, or acetic acid, these reactions are intrinsically waste-generating.
Additionally, condensation reactions are often mediated by metals. For the production of jet
or other transportation fuels, fine chemicals, and bioplastics, biomass platform chemicals,
such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), need to be upgraded through the C—C bond
forming, condensation reaction into chain-extended, higher energy-density substances, such as
5,5'-dihydroxymethylfuroin (DHMF). The twelve-carbon DHMF is a new bio-derived building
block that can be cataJytically transformed into renewable fire chemicals, polymeric materials,
and oxygenated biodiesel or premium alkane jet fuels.
Direct HMF coupling is not possible through aldol self-condensation of HMF because it lacks
a necessary hydrogen atom in the a-position to the carbonyl group. Existing alternative methods,
such as metal-mediated cross-aldol condensation, have to use other enolizable petrochemicals.
These methods also suffer from the unavoidable waste inherent in conventional condensation
reactions. Professor Chen and his graduate student Dajiang (DJ) Liu developed a new condensation
technology that uses an organic catalyst, such as an A-hetcrocydic carbcnc (NHC), to reverse
the polarity of the HMF carbonyl (umpolung), to enabling a solvent-free direct condensation
coupling of HMF into DHMF with quantitative yield and 100% atom-economy.
Professor Chen and his postdoctoral fellow Dr. Miao Hong also developed a polycondensation
method, called ''Proton-Transfer Polymerization" (HTP), which uses an NHC catalyst to
polymerize dimethacrylates uniquely into biodegradable polyesters with 100% atom-economy.
The resulting unsaturated polyesters are of interest for producing tailor-made biodegradable
polyester materials through post-functionalization and cross-linking. The synthesis of such
polyesters from dimethacrylates is not possible by a metal-based process, such as the Ru or
Momediated acyclic diene metathesis, because such methods are ineffective for polymerization
of electron-deficient, conjugated or sterically demanding diolefins such as dimethacrylates. In
contrast, existing methods polymerize dimethacrylates through non-condensation, polyaddition
pathways into non-biodegradable polymcthacrylatcs.
The new condensation technology not only offers two novel condensation synthetic pathways
towards the HMF upgrading and polyester production from acrylic monomers, both processes
of which are not possible by any existing technologies, it also exhibits important hallmarks of a
green technology by being catalytic, metal-free and 100% atom-economical as well as solvent-free
(for the HMF upgrading) or biodegradable (for the polyester production).
Y.-X. Chen,
of
Chemistry, Colorado
University
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Renmatix
The Plantrose® Process: Supercritical Water as the
Economic Enable? ofBiobased Industry
Innovation and Benefits
The biobased industry requires access to high volume, low cost sugars from a wide variety of
biomass. Technologies that extract these second generation sugars from cellulose are typically
more expensive than first generation sugars, like corn and cane. Renmatix developed the
Plantrose*' process, a technology that uses supercritical water to deconstruct biomass
and produce cost-advantaged cellulosic sugars. Plantrose'*1 technology enables affordable
renewable materials as alternatives to petroleum-derived chemicals and fuels.
Traditional sugar sources, like corn and cane, are expensive feedstocks for producing relatively
low value, highvolume products like fuels and chemicals. Unfortunately, the traditional second
generation technologies (acid, enzymes, and solvents) that were designed to extract these low
value cellulosic sugars lack the practical economics to even compete with first generation sugars,
let alone traditional petrochemical sources. In part, this is due to the capital expense of historical
technologies like mineral acids and enzymatic processes that hydrolyze cellulosic feedstocks. This
reality has severely limited the market adoption and broad integration of cellulosics.
Rcnmatix's Plantrose* process, which uses supercritical water to deconstruct biomass, provides
cost-advantaged cellulosic sugars by using primarily water for conversion reactions. The two-step
continuous process deconstructs a range of plant material into renewable feedstocks to produce
separate streams of xylose and glucose. After sugar extraction, remaining lignin solids can be
burned to supply the bulk of the heat energy required for the process (or utilized in higher value
applications like adhesives or thermoplastics).
In the first step, biomass and water are pumped together, heated, and fed into a fractionation
reactor, where the hemicellulose is solubilized into a five-carbon sugar stream. In the second
step, the cellulose and lignin that were filtered away from the initial sugar steam are pumped
into the supercritical hydrolysis reactor. In the reactor, water acts as both a solvent and catalyst,
decrystalizing and dissolving the cellulose and hydrolyzing the cellulose polymers. The temperature
and pressure of the supercritical water system can be adjusted for very specific reaction condition
control, enabling the use of smaller continuous reactors for large-scale commercial production.
Renmatix's technological innovation, the use of water-based chemistry instead of enzymes,
and/or acids, provides a cleaner, faster, and lower-cost method for deconstructing biomass
into cellulosic sugars. Those sugars become the building blocks for a multitude of renewable
downstream technologies to serve significant biochemical market demand — and begin providing
meaningful volumes of plantrochemicals, in lieu of the conventional petroleum-derived
equivalents. Renmatix partners and customers will build their own biorcfincrics by licensing the
Plantrose® process to convert locally available biomass into cellulosic sugars, enabling profitable
scale-up of biochemical, cellulosic ethanol, and advanced biofuels markets worldwide.
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LanzaTecb Gas Fermentation Process
Innovation and Benefits
Waste gas is an attractive resource for fuel and chemicals production due to its low value and
high production. LanzaTech microbes utilize waste gas streams with a range of compositions
to produce fuels such as ethanol and chemicals such as 2,3-butanediol at high selectivities and
yields. Combining robust microbes, innovative bioreactor design, and process development
has enabled rapid scale-up to take place, with two 100,000 gallon/year demonstration scale
facilities in China using steel mill off gases for ethanol production.
Carbon gas streams are often byproducts of established processes. When they cannot be
utilized efficiently they are wasted, normally through venting or flaring. The conversion of carbon
monoxide-rich gases through synthetic chemical pathways, for example Fischer-Tropsch or
methanol synthesis, requires that H? be available in the synthesis gas. Waste industrial gases often
do not contain H2 and therefore cannot be converted using conventional synthetic pathways.
Gas fermentation technologies have also stalled because gas toxicity requires expensive microbe
conditioning and leads to gas solubility limitations.
LanzaTech developed a method to utilize gas streams with a range of CO and Hb compositions
to produce fuels such as ethanol and chemicals such as 2,3-butanediol at high selectivities and
yields. While both CO/CCb and H2 are utilized in the process, LanzaTcch's proprietary microbes
are also able to consume H2-free CO-only gas streams, due to the operation of a highly efficient
biological water-gas shift reaction occurring within the microbe. The process is facilitated by the
enzyme-catalyzed chemistry of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway whereby CC»2 and CO can be
converted in a water-gas shift reaction catalyzed by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH).
Through a series of intermediates, CO and CO2 are ultimately fixed as acetyl-CoA by the CODH/
ACS complex.
The process is a highly efficient conversion of acetyl-CoA to ethanol, as this is actually linked to
growth of the organism. LanzaTech has also manipulated the organism for high yields of specific
products (e.g. the microbes can make a single enantiomer of 2,3-butanediol), eliminating the need
to separate and find markets for co-products. These microbes operate close to ambient temperature
and atmospheric pressure and are tolerant to high levels of toxicity. LanzaTech has overcome the
gas solubility limitations through proprietary bioreactors that increase volumetric mass transfer
by creating more interfacial area per volume bubble size. This results in higher product yield and
productivity.
Life cycle analysis studies performed in partnership with MTU, E4Tech, and Tsinghua
University have shown that the LanzaTech gas fermentation process can produce fuels from steel
mill off-gases with GHG emissions that are 50-70% lower than those of fossil fuels. Paniculate
matter and NOX emissions are also reduced. LanzaTech's gas fermentation simultaneously makes
valuable fuels and/or chemicals while mitigating the environmental effects of waste and residual
industrial emissions. LanzaTech has partnered with over 10 global Fortune 500 Companies across
a variety of sectors, including chemicals companies, INV1STA and EVON1K.
LanzaTech Inc.
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(Synthetic
Oils Lybricants
of
A Novel High Efficiency Process for the Manufacture of
Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene Using a Fixed Bed Solid
State Catalyst Reactor System
Innovation and Benefits
Polyisobutylene (PIB), an intermediate used to produce additives for lubricants and
gasoline, is made using a liquid polymerization catalyst. This catalyst is hazardous and must
be separated and washed after use which generates substantial amounts of wastewater. Soltex
has developed a new process that is based on a solid catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. Soltex
produces a high purity product with significantly reduced catalyst usage and no water wash,
which reduces capital investment.
Polyisobutylene (PIB) is used in the production of dispersants and detergents for lubricants
and gasolines. PIB is an isobutylene polymer containing one double bond per polymer molecule.
In high-reactive PIB, the double bond is at or near the end of the polymer chain in a branched
position making the product more reactive. When the double bond is located at internal positions
in the backbone of the polymer, PIB is less reactive, creating low-reactive PIB.
Traditional processes to make high-reactive PIB use a liquid polymerization catalyst. The
catalyst is continually fed to the reactor and mixed with isobutylene monomer. The liquid catalyst
is toxic and corrosive and requires special handling systems and procedures to avoid exposure
and vapor release. As the reaction mixture leaves the reactor, the catalyst must be immediately
neutralized to stop the reaction and separated. The separation process involves washing the
neutralized catalyst complex from the reaction mixture with copious amounts of water to remove
all catalyst residues. Trace amounts are corrosive to subsequent processing steps and detrimental
to product quality and stability. Neutralized catalyst cannot be recycled. This process substantially
increases plant capital investment, increases operating costs, and generates approximately as much
wastewater as product.
Soltex's new process is based on a novel solid catalyst composition using a fixed bed reactor
system. A solid catalyst, in the form of a bead or other convenient geometrical shapes and sizes, is
packed into a vessel to form a stationary, completely contained bed. Isobutylene monomer is fed
to the reactor at a controlled rate and passes over the solid catalyst allowing the polymerization
to occur. The polymer mixture exits the reactor at the same controlled rate. This reactor effluent
contains minimal catalyst residues, therefore no subsequent catalyst separation or water wash is
required.
The Soltex process, using this solid catalyst composition, produces high yields of high purity
product with significantly lower catalyst usage. It is a simplified, highly efficient operation with
substantially reduced capital investment, low operating and catalyst costs, and no water wash
generation.
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Hybrid Non-isocyanate PolyurethanelGreen
Polyurethane™
Innovation and Benefits
Green Polyurethane™ is a hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane (HNIPU) manufactured by
Hybrid Coating Technologies that does not use isocyanates at any point in the production
process, Isocyanates irritate the eyes, lungs, skin and throat, are a potential carcinogen,
and can cause occupationally-induced asthma. Green PolyurethaneIM applications provide
a reduction in health and environmental hazards with simultaneous improvements in
mechanical and chemical resistance properties. Green Polyurethane1M is also cost competitive
compared to conventional polyurethane coatings and foam.
Isocyanates are critical components used in conventional polyurethane products such as coatings
and foam. However, exposure to isocyanates is known to cause skin and respiratory problems and
prolonged exposure has been known to cause severe asthma and even death. Isocyanates are also
toxic to wildlife. When burnt, isocyanates form toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen
oxides and hydrogen cyanide. Due to these hazards, isocyanates are regulated by the EPA and
other government agencies.
To address the health and environmental hazards associated with conventional polyurcthancs,
Hybrid Coating Technologies (HCT) has developed a hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane
(HNIPU), also called ''Green Polyurethane™." HNIPU is formed from a reaction between mixture
of mono/polycyclic carbonate and epoxy oligomers and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyamines
with primary amino groups. The result is a crosslinked polymer with p-hydroxyurethane groups
of different structure.
HCT developed a novel concept for generating new multifunctional modifiers for "cold" cure
epoxy-amine compositions, namely hydroxyalkyl urethane modifiers (HUM), and subsequently
developed HLJMs based on renewable raw materials (vegetable oils), which are now used for SPF
and UV-cured acrylic polymer based coatings. Utilizing HUM provides the cured composition
with superior coating performance characteristics including pot life/drying times, strength-
stress properties, bonding to a variety of substrates and appearance. Other characteristics, such
as weathering and chemical resistance, are also strengthened while HNIPU is not sensitive to
moisture in the surrounding environment. HCT also developed a version of its cpoxyaminc
hydroxyurethane grafted polymer that replaces corrosive low molecular weight amines with less
hazardous high molecular weight amines.
HNIPU is a safer chemical formulation for use in polyurethane and epoxy applications such as
coatings and foam. It also has improved mechanical and chemical resistance properties, replaces
up to 50% of its epoxy base with renewable resources (vegetable derived) and is cost competitive
compared to other conventional polyurethane and epoxy products.
HCT is currently manufacturing coatings in California with a production capacity of 100,000
tons. Applicators using HNIPU coatings report cost savings between 30-60% due to the product's
improved safety profile and excellent properties. HCT expects to see similar benefits for applicators
using its spray polyurethane foam once it becomes commercially available in the next 1-2 years.
Hybrid Coating
Technologies/
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Algenol
The Algenol Biofuel Process: Sustainable Production of
Ethanol and Green Crude
Innovation and Benefits
Algenol has developed genetically enhanced strains of cyanobacteria for production of
ethanol and "green crude" that can then be converted into replacements for petroleum-
derived chemicals and fuels. Algenol's cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are able to divert over
80% of the carbon that they capture through photosynthesis into the ethanol production
pathway. The Algenol technology utilizes waste CO2 from industrial emitters and relies
on patented photobioreactors and proprietary separation techniques for low-cost and low-
carbon footprint fuel production.
Ethanol can be used as a transportation fuel directly or blended with gasoline. Algenol has
developed technologies for the recombinant and classical genetic improvement of cyanobacteria
(blue-green algae), leading to strains that divert more than 80% of the photosynthetically fixed
carbon into ethanol without a decrease In overall photosynthetic yield. This has led to improved
bio fuel productivity, higher economic returns, minimal waste production, and a lower carbon
footprint.
Algenol's hybrid algae are grown in saltwater in proprietary photobioreactors (PBRs) which
minimize heterotrophic contamination and reduce water use. Photosaturation is a common
limiting feature in aquatic photosynthesis and occurs when the rate of photon absorption exceeds
the rate that the algae can use the energy for product formation (i.e., carbon fixation), such
that the energy of the excess photons is wasted through non-photosynthetic processes. Algenol's
vertical PER system offers a productivity advantage over horizontal systems by delivering a more
dilute irradiance over a greater surface area of the PER, thereby limiting photosaturation.
Algenol has also developed proprietary downstream processes tor energy-efficient recovery
of fuel-grade ethanol. In collaboration with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL),
Algenol has applied hydrothermal liquefaction technology to convert the spent biomass into
green crude. Algenol is also working with PNNL, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and
Georgia Tech on development of higher-value green chemical production concepts.
Algenol has demonstrated about 15—20 times the productivity of corn-based ethanol on a per
acre basis. In the past five years, Algenol moved this technology from laboratory scale to pilot
scale and is currently completing the construction and commissioning of a 2-acre facility as part
of the IBR Project ($52 million project with a $25 million grant from the U.S. Department
of Energy). The overall process reduces the carbon footprint relative to gasoline by 60—80%
according to peer-reviewed published work from Georgia Tech. A single 2,000 acre commercial
Algenol module is the equivalent of planting 40,000,000 trees or removing 36,000 cars from the
road. Broad deployment of this technology, with its low carbon footprint, can contribute to
emission reduction targets and lower dependence on fossil fuel resources.
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Photocatylic Oxidations of Ethers with Visible/Near
UV Light and the Development of a Continuous Flow
Photoreactor
Water soluble ethers such as methyl f-butyl ether (MTBE) and 1,4-dioxane (D1OX) are
common solvents and gasoline additives and have found their way into public water systems. Other
compounds such as ethyl f-butyl ether (ETBE), ?-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and diisopropyl
ether (DIPE) are also water soluble ethers and potential sources of water contamination. This
work shows that MTBE, ETBE, and TAME along with 1,4-dioxane and DIPE are actually
undergoing a degradation process involving near UV light of 320-375 nm. Using the a batch
slurry process incorporating a borosilicate filter that eliminated short wavelength UV light, rate
constant for degradation for MTBE, 4.2 x lO"4 s'1, ETBE, 4.63 x 1C)-4 s'1 and TAME, 7-72 x 10V
were observed, comparable with those seen previously, while 1,4-dioxane and DIPE showed rates
of 1.1 x 10~3 s"1, and 6.3 x lO^s"1, respectively. In all cases, over 80% of the initial substrate was
destroyed in less than 150 minutes.
Using these results, a series of continuous flow photoreactors were designed using conventional
fluorescent light source. An in-series design, using TiC>2-coated glass tubing, produced 10-15%
substrate conversion. A larger in-parallel design using a purgeless oxygenation system and TiC>2-
coated glass beads, also yielded a 10-15% conversion rate even at higher flow rates. These reactors
clearly demonstrated that water soluble ethers can be degraded using simple fluorescent lighting.
"While results are preliminary, substrate degradation of up to 15% or 2.0-3.0 mg/L was observed
in less than 1 meter of reaction flow distance.
Catalytic Cross-Couplings Using a Sustainable Metal
and Green Solvents
The nominated technology involves one of the most important classes of organic reactions
used in modern research: namely, transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These
reactions are amongst the most effective and widely used means of constructing carbon—carbon
(C—C) and carbon—heteroatom (C—X) bonds. The importance of cross-coupling methodology is
underscored by the 2010 Nobel Prize given "for palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings in organic
synthesis." Arguably, the most widely used and reliable coupling methodology is the Suzuki-
Miyaura coupling to forge C—C bonds. These couplings have transformed the landscape of drug
discovery and development.
Given the importance of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, the development of "greener" variants
has been a topic of great interest. The American Chemical Society's Green Chemistry Institute's
Pharmaceutical Roundtable has highlighted the limitations associated with these couplings and,
more recently, has incentivized academic research in this area by making it the focus of their
2012 grant cycle. Since 2008, the Garg laboratory at the University of California, Los Angeles
has pursued the development of "greener" and more sustainable Suzuki-Miyaura couplings for
use in academic and industrial applications. The key green chemistry principles targeted include:
(a) developing Suzuki-Miyaura couplings that do not require the use of the precious metal
palladium, (b) discovering conditions that proceed in green solvents, rather than less attractive
solvents (source reduction), and (c) uncovering a unified set of reaction conditions to enable the
Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of an unprecedented range of substrates.
By targeting the aforementioned challenges systematically, the Garg laboratory has developed
Suzuki-Miyaura couplings that use inexpensive nickel-catalysis, proceed in "greener" solvents
D.
Depart rnent
of Biology
Chemistry, Purdye
University North
Central
Garg, Department
of Chemistry
Biochemistry,
University of
California,
Angeles
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Professor Stuart
Licht, Department
of Chemistry,
University
Professor Kent
¥oorhees.
Department of
Chemistry, Colorado
School of
such as alcohols, and are tolerant of a vast range of substrates, including heterocycles, in addition
to a variety of electrophiles (e.g., halides and pseudohalides). These studies have led to discoveries
in fundamental chemical reactivity and new tools for cross-coupling chemistry. Finally, these
efforts have fueled educational initiatives in green chemistry where undergraduate students have
performed "green" Suzuki-Miyaura couplings in an instructional laboratory.
A Solar Chemical Process to End Anthropogenic Global
Warming: STEP Generation of Energetic Molecules
Anthropogenic levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CC»2) have reached record levels. The
global warming consequences of increasing atmospheric CC>2 concentrations encompass species
extinction, population displacement, glacier and ice cap loss, sea level rise, droughts, hurricanes
and flooding, and economic loss. One path towards CC>2 reduction is to utilize renewable energy
to produce electricity. Another, less explored, path is instead to utilize renewable energy to directly
produce societal staples such as metals, fuels, bleach, fertilizer, and cement. STEP is a green
chemical process that reduces carbon pollution at its source.
STEP — Professor Stuart Licht's Solar Thermal Electrochemical Process — uses the full sunlight
spectrum to produce essentials in excess of 50% solar efficiency in unusual green chemical processes
without carbon pollution. The processes for making iron, cement, and ammonia for fertilizer
have emitted massive amounts of CC>2 to the atmosphere for centuries. Instead, new molten salt
chemistry allows solar thermal energy to drive production without any CC>2 emission. STEP
distinguishes radiation that is sufficient to drive photovoltaic charge transfer from solar thermal
energy that decreases the chemical splitting energy. The STEP process provides a new pathway
to use renewable energy by tuning the chemical reaction energy, rather than the semiconductor
bandgap energy, to match and efficiently capture sunlight. As a result, electrosynthesis occurs at
solar energy efficiency greater than any photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and the converted solar
energy is stored in the products. STEP has been experimentally demonstrated with the efficient,
CC>2-frce formation of (a) ammonia, (b) fuels, (c) organics, (d) iron, (c) direct atmospheric carbon
capture, (f) cement, (g) water treatment, (h) chlorine, and (i) desalinization.
Rapid Bacteriophage-Based Bacterial Identification
and Antibiotic Resistance Test
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a serious and growing global health problem.
Conventional antibiotic resistance determination techniques typically require laborious and
time-intensive culture-based assays, which take up to 72 hours and expend an inordinate amount
of disposable plastics and bacterial growth media. In contrast, the Colorado School of Mines
(CSM) bacteriophage amplification platform allows for a greener alternative by (a) enabling
rapid simultaneous identification and antibiotic resistance determination without the need
for extensive culturing, (b) minimizing the use of disposable plastics, and (c) reducing overall
environmental impact. More importantly, with respect to its impact on human diagnostics, these
attributes result in more user-friendly tests with significantly reduced testing times of less than
five hours. First described, developed, and patented by the Advanced Biodetection Technologies
Laboratory at CSM, it has advanced the technology through several key breakthroughs that
have applied the technology as a greener alternative for sensitive and rapid identification and
detection of Burkholderia, Listeria, and Enterococcus while maintaining the technology's minimal
environmental footprint.
10
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High-Yield and High-Purity Hydrogen Production from
Carbohydrates via Synthetic Enzymatic Pathways
Hydrogen is one of the most important chemical intermediates (i.e., $-100 billion) and will
become the best future transportation fuel and energy storage compound. The production of
carbon-neutral hydrogen from renewable resources, the storage of high-density hydrogen and
costly infrastructure are the three greatest challenges for the hydrogen economy. Carbohydrates,
including cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and sucrose, are the most abundant renewable
bioresource. Professor Zhang has designed in vitro non-natural synthetic enzymatic pathways
that can release all of the hydrogen from a variety of carbohydrates and water under mild reaction
conditions (e.g., 30-60°C, atmospheric pressure, and aqueous solution), that Is, the production of
two H2 per carbon of carbohydrates. These synthetic enzymatic pathways are comprised of more
than 10 enzymes from different sources as well as coenzymes. Also, these biochemical conversions
have energy conversion efficiencies more than 100%, meaning that room-temperature thermal
energy can be converted to hydrogen energy for the first time. Also, Professor Zhang suggested
the use of carbohydrates as a high-density hydrogen carrier with a gravimetric density of up to
14.8 H2 mass%, far higher than the Department of Energy's hydrogen storage goals. To decrease
its production costs, Professor Zhang has developed a number of ultra-stable enzymes with total
turn-over numbers of up to 109 mole of product per mole of enzyme and changed the coenzyme
preference of redox enzymes to low-cost and ultra-stable biomimetic coenzymes. To meet
industrial needs, his team has increased its production rates to 150 mmole hb/L/h by 800 times,
suitable for small-size distributed hydrogen generator systems that utilize local biomass resources
to produce hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. This work was done in collaboration with Professor
Mike Adams of the University of Georgia, Drs. Jonathan Mielenz and Barbara Evans at the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, and Dr. Joseph Rollin at Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc.
Professor Yi-Heng
Percival Zhang,
of
Engineering,
Virginia Tech
11
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Pathex^/PathShieleT* Antimicrobial Filter Media for the
Control of Bacteria in Stormwater and Industrial Process
Waters
Pathex® antimicrobial filter media (PathShicld™ is alternate brand name) reduces and controls
coliform bacteria in industrial wastewater, recirculating cooling towers, heat transfer systems,
industrial fresh water systems, Stormwater, service water and auxiliary systems, and municipal
wastewater treatment,
The unique surface bond of this organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride compound
to siliceous materials, without release of chemicals, offers a new approach to water treatment.
Pathex*/PathShield'M kills bacteria as it moves over the filter media granules. The media is effective,
even at loading rates up to 20 gpm/ft2, without releasing, discharging, or leaching antimicrobial
agents, chemicals, harmful disinfection byproducts, or heavy metals. When used within side-
stream filters for industrial cooling towers, the filter media achieves 20% water savings. The filter
media can also achieve up to 40% energy savings due to enhanced temperature exchange capacity
from bio film reduction and at least a 90% decrease in the use of traditional chemical biocides.
It is projected that Pathex®/PathShield™ antimicrobial filter media annually can eliminate the
use of 486 million pounds (243,000 tons) of chemical biocides, repurpose 280 billion gallons
of makeup water for potable water, and eliminate the need for biocide chemical removal from
the same 280 billion gallons of water at local waste treatment facilities. The filter media is stable,
non-toxic, not consumed, non-corrosive, requires no power source to kill bacteria, and is not
affected by temperature changes.
Using Bioethanol as a Raw Material, to Produce: 1.
SAFEN: A Low Cost Nematicide and Fungicide, Based
on Ethyl Formate, which is Generally Regarded as Safe
by the FDA, and Which Biodegrades Into Two Naturally
Occurring Substances, with No Lasting Detrimental
Effects to Air, Soil Water; 2. Ethyl Formate in
a Second Development as a Suitable Raw Material for
Propionic Acid andAcrylate Production
SAFEN is a green chemical nematicide and fungicide that is environmentally friendly to air, soil,
and water. The Montreal Protocol emphasized the need for pesticides that were environmentally
friendly and eliminated the use of methyl bromide, an ozone depleting agent commonly used
worldwide. SAFEN represents a green alternative to methyl bromide. SAFEN's components
are made from low cost raw materials and its primary component ethyl formate is made from
ethanol, a renewable resource. SAFEN's simple molecules biodcgradc into naturally-occurring
substances after use.
A S Filtration™, LLC
Acid-Amine
Technologies, Inc.
(AAT)
13
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Aequor, Inc.
Amyris, Inc.
New Chemical Impedes Biofilm Formation and the
Adhesion ofFoulers
Aequor has developed novel, non-toxic chemical compounds that inhibit the attachment
of bacteria, microfoulcrs (corroders, contaminants, fungi), and macrofoulcrs (algae, mussels,
barnacles) to living and inert surfaces. Of its portfolio of novel chemicals, Aequor has purified
one with broad efficacy and a simple structure that enables scaling-up commercial production
and easy incorporation in multiple delivery systems (sprays, washes, pastes, paints, coatings, etc.),
Aequor's proprietary chemical can be used alone to replace biocides (antimicrobials, antifouling
agents, antiseptics, antibiotics) that are toxic to the environment or health, or as a "biobooster" to
enhance the performance of these biocides and reduce their overuse. The price point of Aequor's
leading chemical is competitive at lab scale, with the promise of price leadership at commercial
scale-up. On the healthcare side, Lonza validated that Aequor's lead compound combats bacterial
contamination and infection in a new way. It removes existing biofilm, which "no other known
chemical can do at non-lethal doses," and inhibits the ability of Gram-negative and Gram-
positive medically-relevant bacteria to colonize without triggering bacterial resistance. On the
industrial side, the novel compound inhibits the attachment of microfoulers to industrial surfaces,
equipment, and materials. This improves operational efficiencies of, for example, condensers,
forward and reverse osmosis filters and membranes, heat exchangers, recirculating cooling
systems, solar panels, wind turbines, etc., and reduces fuel consumption and noxious emissions.
Aequor's proprietary chemical also inhibits the attachment of macro foulers to surfaces in contact
with water, which reduces fuel consumption and emissions by up to 50% in the transportation,
energy, and water sectors, while boosting yields in emerging cleantech industries (aquaculture)
and renewable energy industries (algae, tidal). Aequor validated market demand by signing pilot
testing agreements with 14 market leaders interested in licenses to develop new, sustainable end-
use products for rapid market penetration.
Myralene™: A Renewable, Pure Hydrocarbon Non-VOC
Solvent Producedfiom Plant Sugars
Amyris has developed, industrialized and applied a combination of 21st century advances in
biology, chemistry, and engineering to meet green chemistry principles. Using a state-of-the-
art organism engineering platform, Amyris has re-engineered ethanol-producing baker's yeast to
consume sugars and convert them into a hydrocarbon rather than an alcohol. Amyris has also
demonstrated industrial-scale production of this hydrocarbon using its proprietary yeast strains in
a fermentation process, converting any fermentable sugar, including those derived from cellulosic
biomass, into £"-7,1 l-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene (p-farnesene, Biofene*'), This
technology platform can be used to not only produce the 2014 Presidential Green Chemistry
Challenge Award winning drop-in diesel and jet fuel blcndstock 2,6,10-trimcthyldodccanc,
but it also provides an innovative renewable building block molecule applicable in numerous
industrial areas, ranging from novel polymers with unique properties to value-added cosmetic and
fragrance ingredients. In keeping with the Amyris mission to address daunting global challenges,
the company has now used P-farnesene to manufacture partially hydrogenated farnesene (PHF,
Myralene) on an industrial scale by a simple, efficient and economical catalytic hydrogenation,
thus bringing to market a unique organic solvent that addresses the environmental, health and
performance issues of existing solvents, both renewable and petroleum-based. With regulatory
approval in the United States and abroad anticipated in 2015, the commercial launch of this
newly designed chemical is expected to have a significant impact in the solvent marketplace,
where human exposure, health and environmental impacts, and biodegradability continue to be
significant concerns.
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Estolides: A Low-Cost, High-Performance Renewable
Fluid Certified for Motor Oil
Estolides, environmentally acceptable lubricant base oils, are synthesized from tatty acids found
in soybeans and other crop sources through a unique catalytic reaction and cstcrification process.
As a vegetable-based specialty fluid replacing petrochemical lubricating oil, estolides reduce
negative impacts on the environment. Over 40% of the pollution in United States waterways
comes from motor oil. Multi-pronged pollution from industrial lubricants — primarily motor oil
— represents a staggering environmental problem to which no viable solution has emerged. With
the introduction of the highly stable estolide compound, makers of industrial lubricants finally
have a base oil option that functions impressively across the many severe applications in which
lubricants are used. Estolides conquered the most daunting of these — motor oil — in 2014.
Significant displacement of toxic petrochemicals will occur as estolides are adopted in the
industrial lubricant industry. Biosynthetic Technologies has entered into commercialization
partnerships with Valvoline, Infineum (a joint venture between ExxonMobil and Shell), Castrol,
and other major industrial lubricant brands to help bring the technology to market. These
companies have formulated, and intend to launch, finished products blended with a significant
concentration of Biosynthetic Technologies' renewable estolide base oil.
In addition to reduced water pollution, estolides are biodegradable and emit less greenhouse
gases (GHG) across their lifecycle. A third-party life cycle analysis has confirmed that the
GHG emissions lifecycle associated with estolides is significantly lower than that of comparably
performing, petrochemical based lubricating base oils. Biosynthetic Technologies' estolide base
oil has earned American Petroleum Institute motor oil certification. The base oil is currently
produced in an operating demonstration plant with a commercial plant Hearing construction.
Ultra-High Energy Density Metal-Free Sugar
Biobattery
Building high-energy density, green, and safe batteries is highly desirable for meeting rapidly-
increasing needs of portable electronics. Enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs)/biobatteries are appealing
metal-free bioinspired batteries, where low-cost enzymes are used to convert chemical energy
stored in a tew chemicals to electricity. Sugars, the most abundant renewable bioresource, are
natural high-energy storage compounds. A sugar biobattery is a type of enzymatic fuel cell that
converts sugars to electricity in a closed system. Incomplete oxidation of complex sugars mediated
by few enzymes in EFCs suffers from low energy densities and slow reaction rate. Cell Free
Bioinnovations Inc. designed a synthetic ATP-tree and CoA-tree catabolic pathway comprised
of 13 enzymes for producing 24 electrons per glucose unit of maltodextrin through in an air-
breathing EFC without mobile parts. Also, the biobattery exhibited the maximum power output
of 1.2 mW cm'2 and current density of 8.6 mA/cm2, far higher than microbial fuel cells. A
sugar-powered biobattery with a characteristic of complete oxidation of 15% maltodextrin had
an energy storage density of 596 Ah kg"1, one order of magnitude higher than those of lithium
batteries. These metal-tree biobatteries featuring 100% biodegradability, absolute safety, and fast
rcfillability would be next-generation green power sources, especially for portable electronics.
Biosynthetic
Technologies
Cell
Bioinnovations Inc.,
Yi-Heng
Perciwal Zhang,
Department of
Biological
Engineering,
Virginia Tech
15
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Green Biologies, Inc.
(GBI)
Technology, Inc.
The Reinvention ofBiomass Based n-Butanolfor the
Renewable Chemicals Industry
Through application of modern biology, combined with the engineering of advanced solvent
recovery systems, GBI has developed an integrated, patent-pending process ready to be installed
for commercial deployment in Little Falls, Minnesota, As a result of scale-up success, GBI is
leading the industry race in bringing renewable acetone and n-butanol to the chemical ingredient
marketplace.
Chemical grade n-butanol is currently produced through petrochemical processes, but can
also be produced through fermentation of sugars derived from biomass. Until the mid-1940s,
n-butanol was produced largely through fermentation of molasses using Clostridia bacteria.
The petro-industry captured the market by offering cheaper sources. With scientific advances
in microbiology and synthetic biology, as well as dramatic improvements in process technology,
GBI's process has achieved economics that can again compete with the much larger carbon-
intensive petrochemical processes. Process outputs offer higher purity n-butanol with a carbon
footprint approximately 40% better than petroleum-based butanol.
n-Butanol is used in derivatives that are key raw materials in paints, coatings, adhesives, and
inks, as well as cosmetics, cleaners, food ingredients, and specialty products. In addition to a
drastic source reduction of carbon, renewable n-butanol offers consumer goods manufacturers
the opportunity to "green" their products without facing cost disadvantage.
The primary source reduction is derived through replacing petro-derived chemicals with
chemicals produced through renewable biomass feedstocks. GBI's Clostridia micro-organisms
have high C-5 (cellulosic sourced sugars) productivity and business development plans seek low-
value biomass or waste resources. With the commercial launch project in Minnesota, source
reductions are similar to ethanol production and equate to approximately 31,000 metric tons per
year. Forward projects will incorporate C-5 sugars and be much less carbon intensive. Once GBI
business model volumes have been reached, it is expected that total source reductions will exceed
314,000 metric tons per year,
Cooling Tower Water Conservation & Chemical
Treatment Elimination
Properly engineered electrolytic extraction of calcium carbonate from recirculating cooling
water has successfully controlled deposit formation on heat exchange and other surfaces in
practical systems such as industrial and HVAC cooling tower systems. Electrolysis of ionic-rich
water produces exploitable in situ chemistry requiring no external chemical reagent other than
electricity. A Green Machine consists of a series of steel tubes that are made the cathodic element
of an electrolytic cell where water is reduced to form molecular hydrogen and hydroxide ion,
and calcium carbonate is subsequently made to accumulate. Centered in each tube typically is
a titanium rod coated with a mixture of ruthenium and iridium oxides, and serves as the anode
of the electrolytic cell. The common name for an anode of this type is ''dimensionally stable
anode," or DSA. It is the coating of the anode that is critical in driving the oxidation of water to
produce molecular oxygen, hydrogen ion, and higher oxygen species such as hydroxyl free radical
and ozone. DSA technology allows for the efficient splitting of water at a low practical voltage
potential above that theoretically required, the difference being termed overpotential. DSAs have
been responsible for past Green Machine success. Supplementing DSAs with anodes coated
with boron-doped, ultrananocrystalline diamond now allows not only control over troublesome
calcium carbonate deposition, but more efficient in situ chlorine formation and degradation of
organic contaminants. Microbiological control in cooling water is significantly more efficient.
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High Performance Solvent-Free Coating Technology
Corrosion is a tremendous problem and cost to society, with a staggering annual cost of $400
billion in the United States. Many primers and paints used to coat metal surfaces for corrosion
resistance and decoration pose environmental hazards from cradle to grave. Conventional
epoxy-based coatings commonly contain corrosive components, hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other solvents, and often contain chromium
compounds. Urethane-based paints contain isocyanates and often contain other HAPs, VOCs,
and other solvents. Because isocyanates are strong irritants to mucous membranes, they can
sensitize exposed individuals, in some cases causing severe asthma attacks. The hexavalent form
of chromium is carcinogenic, particularly for lung cancer.
Light Curable Coatings has developed pollution-free coating technology for high performance
protection of industrial and aerospace surfaces, including corrosion resistance, solvent resistance,
and weathering resistance. Light Curable Coatings technology also provides the advantages
of efficiency and economy, with fast cure under an ultraviolet (UV) light and with improved
properties with much less material usage than conventional materials. The green chemistry of
Light Curable Coatings does away with chromium compounds, isocyanates and other HAPs,
solvents, and VOCs completely, producing high-performance, corrosion-resistant solvent-free
technology without using any toxic chemicals. Field application and fast UV cure of Light
Curable Coatings technology has been demonstrated with good performance on large structures
at temperatures as lowr as 34°E Customer studies show savings of over 90% in the time required
for painting operations for maintenance activities and factory processes.
Light Curable Coatings technology is a green alternative to current systems that contain toxic
components, and provides a significant positive societal impact in terms of a better quality of life
for industrial workers and for citizens through safer workplaces and a cleaner environment.
The Recovery of Organic Halidesfrom Waste Streams by the
Chemical Reaction of Hydrogen Carbon Dioxide
Fluorocarbon compounds, including chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons,
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and halons, are used in a wide variety of applications
including air-conditioning, refrigeration, medical, fire protection, and solvent uses. They are also
widely recognized as ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and/or greenhouse gases (GHGs). At
the end of the life of such applications, the chemical is either destroyed, or worse, vented into the
atmosphere. This venting, now prohibited in many countries, has been recognized to contribute
to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and is considered a cause of global warming and
climate change.
The most common methods of ODS and GHG destruction are incineration by thermal
oxidizer, rotary kiln, and plasma arc. These methods are costly, create their own waste streams
and stack emissions, and yield outputs with little or no economic value. Destruction capacity
around the world is limited or in some countries, non-existent. With increased regulation of
older fluorocarbon products with high global warming potential and with the economic and
environmental challenges of existing destruction technologies, there is great need for an alternative
approach.
The Midwrest Conversion Technology not only deals with unwanted ODSs and GHGs, but
also can be applied to the waste streams at fluorocarbon manufacturing plants. The outputs
are the manufacturing source chemicals, i.e., 99.999% anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, 99.98%
anhydrous hydrogen chloride, 99-98% anhydrous hydrogen bromide, and carbon dioxide, all
ready for new use. The technology is original and the process is safe, clean, inexpensive, energy-
efficient, waste-free, and meets many sustainability targets. It creates useablc outputs and it is an
economically advantageous process compared to existing alternative destruction technologies.
Light Curable
Coatings
Midwest
LLC -
a Missouri Limited
Liability Company
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Pilot plant data and computer model testing has shown that this technology can reduce the direct
cost of destruction by current methods by 60-70%.
Modylar Genetics,
Inc.
Greener Synthesis of Surfactants
Newlight
Technologies, LLC
Phyllom
BioProdycts Corp.
Surfactants are used broadly as foaming agents, emulsifiers, and dispcrsants. Today, surfactants
are manufactured from petroleum, or from seed oils. For example, 250,000 metric tons of acyl
amino acids are manufactured annually by combining palm-oil-derived fatty acids with amino
acids using the Schotten-Baumann reaction. This reaction requires use of chlorinated fatty
acids, which are produced industrially using either phosgene or thionyl chloride. Phosgene is
highly toxic, while thionyl chloride is on the Hazardous Substances List, and reacts explosively
with water, releasing toxic gas. About 100,000 metric tons of phosgene or thionyl chloride are
used annually to manufacture acyl amino acid surfactants. The need for a greener method of
production can be met with the use of engineered Bacillus subtilis strains for the production of acyl
amino acid surfactants. The surfactants have been validated by key customers, with commercial
launch anticipated in 2015. No synthetic chemistry steps are used to produce these surfactants,
as they are generated enzymatically by a microorganism and secreted into the fermentation broth.
The surfactants are purified to a high level using green methods involving only low energy and
water. An additional positive feature is that no oil is used to manufacture these surfactants. The
bacterium converts cellulosic carbohydrate, which cannot be used as food, into a microbial oil
(a fatty acid) and an amino acid, and links them together to create the surfactant. It has been
estimated that a complete switch to microbial production of surfactants will eliminate annual
emissions of atmospheric carbon dioxide equivalent to the combustion of 3.6 billion gallons of
gasoline, while also reducing the rainforest destruction associated with palm plantation expansion.
AirCarbon: Carbon-Negative Plastic Made from Carbon
Sequestration
Newlight Technologies has developed a microorganism-based biotechnology process to convert
air and methane-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into carbon-negative thermoplastics
that can replace oil-based plastics at commodity scale. The resulting product — AirCarbon® — is a
material made from methane-based GHG emissions that can match the performance of a range
of oil-based plastics, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, while out-competing on price,
representing a market-driven solution to carbon capture. Following critical breakthroughs on
process yield and product performance, and overcoming classical and longstanding challenges
to the microorganism-based conversion of GHGs into thermoplastic materials, AirCarbon has
patented and commercialized, and is currently being used to manufacture furniture, bags, caps,
and a variety of other products. Partners include Fortune 500 companies and brand-name market
leaders such as Dell, Sprint, and KI.
grubGONEP, bore GONEP,
Insecticides with Low Impact on Humans the
Environment Yet Effective Against Destructive Beetle Pests
Phyllom Bio Products Corp. (Phyllom) biological insecticides grubGONE!®beetleGONE!®and
boreGONE!® are derived from microbes naturally found in soils and on plants, Bacillus thuringiensis
(BT). "While other forms ofBT insecticides have been used by organic gardeners, farmers and foresters
for decades, Phyllomlicensedanovelstrain called ETserovargalleriaeSDS-l:)02 strain with apatented
natural CrySDa protein. This protein is uniquely effective against certain beetles, weevils, and
borers including the difficult to control adult stage. Phyllom's bio-insecticides are produced via a bio
fermentation process utilizing plant carbohydrates and proteins. The process uses no solvents and
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generates no hazardous wastes. Food grade incrts are used in the formulas and most formulas are
compliant with the US DA National Organic Program,
Phyllom's bio-insecticides demonstrate advantages such as improved plant/poultry health
and control of invasive and/or insect pests resistant to traditional chemistries. Phyllom's bio-
insecticides demonstrated virtually no adverse effect on non-targets tested, including honey bees,
wasps, lady bird beetles, mammals, birds, plants, fish, and aquatic invertebrates.
Wood boring invasives such as the Emerald Ash Borer are anticipated to cause nearly $1.7
billion in annual government expenditures and $830 million in lost residential property values.
An Integrated Pest Management program including Phyllom's bioinsecticides could economically
slow the spread of invasives by providing the option to suppress adult beetle reproduction.
EPA Office of Pesticide Programs reports 93 million pounds of insecticides were applied
within the United States in 2006. Phyllom's bio-insecticides will replace a portion of this volume
with effective yet more human health and environmentally benign alternatives.
PROSOCO R-Guard: High-Performance Phtbalate-Free
Air and Water Resistive Barrier Sealant and Sealant Coating
stem
Syst
In 2011, BEI and PROSOCO were working with Miller Hull architects to provide a high-
performance vapor barrier sealant and coating system for the Bullitt Center, a Living Building
Challenge (LBC) project in Seattle, Washington developed in partnership with Point32.
Spearheaded by Denis Hayes of the Bullitt Foundation, the project demonstrates the ability to
create a minimal impact commercial building using available technologies.
To meet air tightness requirements driven by net zero energy (NZE) goals and overall
biomimicry in design principles, it was necessary to use a high-performance membrane that
allowed wall assembly materials to flex and breathe, expelling water vapor, while keeping out
external moisture. Miller Hull selected the PROSOCO/BEI "Cat 5" coating and related sealants
based on previous successful use of the system designed for wet weather application typical in
Pacific Northwest construction.
After further research, Point32 informed PROSOCO the system could not be used due to
presence of dibutyl phthalate (CAS 84-74-2), a chemical restricted by LBC materials criteria.
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers and are a nearly ubiquitous environmental contaminant.
Phthalates have been shown to have effects on the reproductive systems of lab animals and on
human health.
In response, PROSOCO and BEI co-developed alternative formulations that substituted
polypropylene glycol for dibutyl phthalate while preserving application characteristics and
meeting International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) air leakage and durability
performance standards.
Initially, the formulations were specific to the Bullitt Center project. However, PROSOCO
and BEI evaluated cost and performance and opted to switch the entire product line to the
polypropylene glycol chemistry. This milestone was reached by the end of 2012 with subsequent
commercial, residential, LBC, LEED, EnergyStar, and Passive House high-performance and
NZE applications across North America. This project demonstrated that phthalate-free and
commercially viable sealant systems can be manufactured using current technologies.
Inc.
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Groyp, Inc.
Sagamore-Adams
LLC
Creating Multi-Functional Polyols Using Recycled Raw
Material Streams
Environmental, health, and safety concerns continue to drive rapid growth for chemistry
solutions with lower environmental and human health impacts. This growth, further compounded
by increased social awareness of depleting finite resources, the growing world population,
and constrained food resource, has companies seeking highly sustainable feedstock solutions.
Although bio-based materials have provided feedstock options that are more sustainable than
fossil petroleum alternatives, use of recycled content has remained relatively unexplored. With
this in mind, Resinate Materials Group (Resinate) has developed proprietary technology through
which it creates multi-functional polyols using recycled raw material streams, including recycled
poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The technology extends the lifecyde of valuable, finite
resources by harvesting spent materials otherwise destined for landfills. Furthermore, studies have
shown recycled PET (rPET) to have more favorable life cycle assessment scores than comparable
fossil petroleum-based or bio-based PET materials, including lower human health impacts
and lower carbon footprint. By harnessing the inherent properties of rPET, Resinate is able to
impart a unique balance of properties into coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers and foams,
making recycled content an attractive and viable option, all while developing a highly sustainable
feedstock option.
PLATech, Green Chemistry Universal Adhesive-Sealing
Technology
With 2013 estimated sales and production in the adhesive and sealants market of over
$42.4B/ycar and 28.3B pounds/year, respectively, the applications of these products are broad-
based and include areas such as automotive, general wood products, and consumer products.
Virtually all adhesives/sealants used worldwide are volatile organic compound (VOC)-based
and not environmentally preferable. Addressing this market challenge, PLATech comprises a
class of VOC-free adhesives/sealants in tandem with tailored application methods for enabling
adhesion to most substrates. PLATech adhesives/sealants are based on polylactic acid (PLA) — a
renewable corn/soy-based derivative — and offer high performance capabilities while remaining
bio-renewable and selectively biodegradable. PLATech also provides enhanced functionality
including versatility to adhere to a vast class of materials, including challenging materials such
as aluminum to steel, and even Teflon. PLATech provides a sustainable alternative combined
with the ability for tailored strength, flexibility, ease of application and removal, and set times.
Indeed, the burgeoning use of adhesives in the auto industry is stymied by the inability of most
adhesives to join aluminum to steel — something PLATech achieves readily, while remaining
biodegrable and sustainable. PLATech can be tailored to meet or exceed the performance of
commercially available polyurethane, cyanoacrylate, EVA, and formaldehyde-based adhesives by
over 100%, reaching bond strengths of over 45 MPa (6,200 psi) with low cost applicators. No
prcssurization or substrate surface preparation is required for use on a wide range of substrates,
eliminating the need for chemical and physical treatment. Furthermore, the ability to selectively
tailor PLATech adhesives via radiation-based crosslinking has been demonstrated, allowing
for enhanced formulation of application-specified bond strength and functionality even in
elevated temperature environments over 200°C. PLATech adhesives/sealants provide sustainable
alternatives for the marketplace while meeting the cost and performance requirements of the
industry including strength, flexibility, and adhesion to even the most difficult substrates.
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Cleaner Transportation Fuels Commodity Chemicals
from Methane
The abundance of methane supplies from shale gas and renewable sources has created a profound
and global opportunity. However, difficulty in transportation and technical constraints of using
methane has relegated it to a low-value commodity fuel, or worse, a wasted and unused resource.
Today, methane is mostly burned to produce heat and/or power. As much as halt of the worlds
methane supply is logistically challenged or stranded in hard to reach geographies or is being flared
with no economic value and negative environmental impact to the tune of 5,000 billion cubic
feet per year. Globally abundant supplies of methane, the continuing need, for transportation fuels
and chemical and sustainability concerns are a combination for which the world needs a solution
through new innovation.
Siluria Technologies has developed a novel catalytic process that transforms methane into
transportation fuels and petrochemical building blocks in an efficient, cost-effective, scalable
manner. Siluria's breakthrough Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) process technology is
believed to be the first commercially viable and economically competitive process to directly
convert methane to ethylene. Siluria's second process technology can convert ethylene to liquid
fuels such as gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel, enabling methane to potentially supplement petroleum as
the worldwide basis for transportation fuels and commodity chemicals.
Siluria operates three pilot facilities and recently completed construction and startup of the
world's first OCM demonstration plant. Siluria is actively commercializing the technology in
partnership with leading engineering and operating companies for a broad range of applications
in the upstream, midstream gas processing, downstream chemicals production, and refining
operations.
1,1-DisubstitutedAlkenes
Sirrus advances manufacturing technology through chemistry relating to the synthesis,
stabilization, activation, and formulation of a unique and reactive class of 1,1 -dicarbonyl substituted
alkenes. These monomers, their derivatives, and resulting polymers provide the foundation for
enabling Sirrus' partners and customers to meet their customer's desire to reduce manufacturing
costs, improve quality, and improve their environmental footprint. These monomers, their
derivatives, and resulting polymers provide fast cure speeds at ambient temperatures to
significantly reduce cycle times, increase throughput, reduce energy requirements, and enable new
material selection in a broad range of customer and consumer applications, including automotive,
electronics, packaging, and hygiene.
An Application of Hybrid Multispectral Analysis; Real-Time
Wastewater Process Control
Hybrid Multispectral Analysis (HMA) is a unique combination of advanced optical, photonic,
and statistical technologies applied to the challenge of providing synchronized high frequency data
for complex water components. Such information is required to control treatment processes in real
time. HMA allows plants to continuously adjust treatment recipes based on current and on-line
historical data to eliminate over and under treatment, provide real time water security, and enable
closer compliance with and more effective enforcement of environmental laws.
Siluria
Technologies, Inc.
Sirrys, Inc.
ZAPS Technologies,
Inc.
21
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HMA utilizes a single optical probe to conduct over 3.3 million in situ measurements per
day, collecting direct molecular data on absorption, reflectance, and fluorescence. Molecular
data is used to rapidly quantify critical water quality parameters such as biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total free chlorine (HOC1+OC1-), total
suspended solids (TSS), and ultraviolet A (UVA) over the concentration range spanning from
wastewater influent to effluent. Parameter values and/or control signals are broadcast about every
two minutes for real time process control which can be used to determine the chemical load or
energy consumption of a plant and quality of water it discharges. This technology can help guide
chlorine injection or UV lamp settings, as well as aeration blower speeds, nutrient injectors, or to
stop pumps when water security parameters are violated.
HMA incorporates several green chemistry principles including elimination of reagents and
standards tor sampling, elimination of sample preparation and storage, elimination of treatment
guard bands used to compensate for delays in conventional data, and the need for only 72 watts
to operate. HMA is sold under the trade name LiquID™. To date, over 85 LiquID™ Stations
shipped have proven useful in the fields of municipal water, wastewater treatment, water reuse,
and industrial process control. The HMA methodology was developed through support in part
by the EPA, Office of Naval Research, Oregon State University, and Oregon Nanoscience and
Microtechnologies Institute.
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Dow Polymeric Flame Retardant
Polystyrene (PS) foam is widely used as insulation in the building and construction market, thus
it must meet rigorous building code and fire safety performance standards. The Dow Polymeric
flame retardant (FR) is an innovative technology that is essential for the preservation of the PS
foam insulation industry, which annually produces foam insulation that avoids service lifetime
totals of 1.7 giga tons of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases. With impending global regulation
and restriction of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), the incumbent FR, the PS foam industry
needed an alternative FR that could provide a significantly improved Environmental, Health, and
Safety (EH&S) profile while cost-effectively matching HBCD's fire safety performance and foam
properties and processing performance. The Dow Polymeric FR was scientifically engineered to
achieve this set of requirements by using a combination of chemistry, polymer science, process
technology, application know-how, and EH&:S expertise. Success was achieved by designing a FR
polymer, which is inherently more sustainable than small molecule FRs, with a controlled stability
to survive foam manufacturing and processing conditions while still delivering the release of the
active FR agent under fire conditions. The Dow Polymeric FR has met the challenge, leading
the global PS foam industry to select it as the new standard FR. This breakthrough technology is
enabling the industry to meet increasingly stringent building and construction energy efficiency
codes while continuing to meet fire safety performance standards.
Development and Commercialization of an Integrated
Cellulosic Ethanol Production Platform
This nomination describes the integration of chemistry, biology, and process engineering to
develop a commercially viable, scalable technology platform for the production of cellulosic sugar
and its conversion to ethanol. The work required the integration of a novel pretreatment process,
the development of improved enzymes for hydrolysis, and the genetic engineering of a novel,
highly efficient fermentation host. The resultant DuPont integrated process is a novel integrated
production platform, with three major technology components, for the production of ethanol
at sufficiently high yields and liters to achieve commercially viable economics. To optimize the
process it was necessary to consider and innovate all three conversion steps holistically. First, a
novel dilute ammonia biomass pretreatment process decouples the carbohydrate polymers from
the lignin matrix with minimal formation of compounds which inhibit subsequent fermentation,
thus eliminating the need for costly "detoxification" steps which are common in other cellulosic
ethanol technologies. Next, an enzymatic hydrolysis step uses a novel suite of high performance
enzymes specifically engineered by DuPont to depolymerize and hydrolyze both cellulose and
hemicellulose to high liters of fermentable sugars in a single sugar stream. Thirdly, DuPont
integrated and optimized the metabolic pathways of a recombinant bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis,
to simultaneously metabolize both 6-carbon (glucose) and 5-carbon (xylose) sugars to efficiently
produce ethanol at high yields and titers from the hydrolysate. This unique integration of three
technology components enables a very efficient, "clean" flowsheet with minimal steps, a reduced
environmental footprint, and reduced cost and capital versus other known cellulosic ethanol
processes. DuPont has achieved commercially viable ethanol yields consistently in its 250,000
gallon per year demonstration facility in Vonorc, Tennessee. Yields of >70 gallons/ton of biomass
and ethanol titers in excess of 70 g/L have been demonstrated. Comprehensive "Well-to-Wheel"
Life Cycle Analyses show that DuPont's combined process has the potential to achieve more than a
100% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to gasoline, which is substantially
better than current grain-based ethanol GHG performance. The DuPont technology has been
demonstrated successfully and the first commercial plant for conversion of corn stover to ethanol
is under construction in Nevada, Iowa.
The Dow Chemical
Company
DyPont Company
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Chemical
Company
Ecolab
Eastman Omnia™ Solvent — Changing the Chemistry of
Clean. New, Safe, Highly Effective Solvent for Cleaning
Applications
To enable development of cleaners that are safer for humans and the environment, formulators
need safer ingredients. It is rare, however, for a solvent used in cleaning products to be safe for
people, the environment, and surfaces being cleaned — and still enable efficient cleaning and
compliance with air quality requirements. With this unmet need in mind, Eastman developed
a solvent offering exceptional safety, performance, and value throughout the industry — from
formulators to cleaning staff to customers.
With thousands of molecules to consider, Eastman narrowed the solvent universe using
computer modeling based on human health and environmental safety criteria and specific
physical/chemical properties to predict good performance. Minimum safety criteria for candidates
were based on Design for the Environment (DfE)'s Solvent Screen.
The final candidate, Eastman Omnia™ solvent, has an excellent safety profile, as evidenced by
meeting DfE's Solvent Screen criteria, listing in GreenBlue's CleanGredients'*' database with no
restrictions, and listing in DfE's Safer Chemical Ingredients List with highest rating. Performance
testing demonstrates Omnia'™'s excellent cleaning ability: neutral-pH formulations with Omnia™
were highly effective and outperformed alternatives.
Eastman satisfied requirements for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory listing and
began manufacture of Omnia™ in October 2013- Since then, Omnia'™ has been commercialized
by multiple customers in a wide range of applications, with over 75 additional customers currently
evaluating it in a variety of applications. Based on Eastman's volume projections and the fact that
a typical janitorial cleaning formulation contains around 2% solvent, the use of Omnia™ could
represent a safe, effective alternative in over 60 million gallons of cleaning products per year in
the United States.
The combination of powerful cleaning and excellent safety profile makes Omnia™ an excellent
choice for formulators challenged to comply with increasingly stringent safety, regulatory, and
market demands. Eastman Omnia™ solvent is changing the chemistry of clean.
Environmentally Preferable Biocide for Water Treatment
in Hydraulic Fracturing
In the past years, unconventional oil and natural gas production has steadily increased in
the United States. Driven by the development of new technologies such as horizontal drilling
and hydraulic fracturing, shale gas has led to major increases in reserves of oil and natural gas.
During hydraulic fracturing, water and chemicals are injected, at high pressure, into the geologic
formation to increase the fractures in the rock layers and allow hydrocarbons to flow. Because
large quantities of water are used during this process, the need for water treatment and reuse has
become critical. Water treatment prevents the introduction of microorganisms in the formation,
which can result in problems such as reservoir souring, biofouling, and microbiologically-induced
corrosion. Additionally, facilitating the reuse of produced water through cleaning reduces the
constant demand for fresh water. Based upon these concerns, Ecolab developed an improved
formulation of the oxidizing biocide peracetic acid (PAA). This chemistry shows superior results
when compared to other conventional biocides (e.g., glutaraldehyde, chlorine dioxide), including
faster and longer duration microbial efficacy, water cleanup properties, solids dropout, and less
corrosion. Importantly, PAA had no adverse effects on other chemistries present in the hydraulic
fracturing fluids, such as friction reducers and scale inhibitors. Ecolab's PAA biocide is an
environmentally preferable chemistry as it breaks down into innocuous components — water and
acetic acid (e.g., vinegar). A concern associated with hydraulic fracturing is impacts on surface
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water quality. Ecolab's EC6734A PAA biocide enables the reuse of produced water brine,
reducing fresh water draw. Use of this biocide facilitates safe, cost-effective onsite water disposal
by minimizing emissions, and reduces plugging by controlling biological growth and thus
maintaining hydraulic conductivity. These benefits contribute significantly to better quality and
management of surface waters.
1 Daily Disinfectant Cleaner
OxyCide™ Daily Disinfectant Cleaner (OxyCide) is a broad spectrum, EPA-registered hospital
grade disinfectant developed by Ecolab. OxyCide was the first non-bleach concentrate sporicidal
disinfectant sold to the acute care market. It is a multi-faceted solution for improving hospital
performance in the areas of infection prevention, efficiency, source reduction, and impact to the
environment.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a persistent issue in hospitals, affecting one in every
25 hospital patients. In 2011 there were an estimated 722,000 HAIs in United States acute care
hospitals, and about 10% of these patients died during their hospitalizations. One of the most
prevalent HAI causing organisms is Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), which causes 17.1% of all
HAIs and is linked to 14,000 deaths annually. OxyCide provides hospitals with a powerful tool
in the fight to prevent HAIs. In only five minutes, OxyCide kills 33 microorganisms commonly
found in healthcare settings, including C. difficile spores.
OxyCide's active ingredients hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid replace environmentally
persistent ingredients found, in other concentrated hospital disinfectants with similar efficacy
profiles. The concentrated format of OxyCide reduces the number of containers by 40 times
for an equivalent amount of ready-to-use disinfectants. Its innovative closed loop packaging and
dispensing system work together to properly dilute the product, ensuring disinfectant efficacy
while reducing product waste from over-dilution. Additionally, the diluted product, when applied
according to label instructions, requires no personal protective equipment.
Low Global Warming, Non-VOC, Zero-ODPMolecule
for Energy Efficient Polyurethane Foam Insulation Blow-
ing Agent, Solvents, and Heat Transfer
Honeywell has risen to and is delivering on the EPA plans to tackle the super-potent heat-
trapping pollutants called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), an important step forward in carrying
out President Obama's Climate Action Plan with the development and commercialization of a
greener chemical l-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or HFO-1233zd(E).
The 100-year global warming potential (GWP) for HFO-1233zd(E) is equivalent to that of
CO2 (GWP=1), which is 1,000 times lower than the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) it is designed to
replace. It is non-flammable, non-toxic, non-ozone depleting, and classified by the EPA as VOC
exempt. In May 2014, VOC exempt status was also granted by per the highly stringent California
Southcoast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). Honeywell's extensive testing proves
that HFO-1233zd(E) offers lower GWP, is safer, more energy efficient, and more cost-effective to
implement compared to existing blowing agents such as cyclopentane and HFCs.
HFO-1233zd(E) is being adopted globally in a wide variety of industries such as appliances,
transport, construction, refrigerants, and precision cleaning for metals and electronics. Wide-
spread use of HFO-1233zd(E) to replace HFCs in these industries in the United States alone
will result in a reduction of more than 25M tonnes per year of CC>2-equivalent; globally this
number would exceed 90M tonnes based on Honeywell's internal analysis. This new product will
not only help reduce global warming, but it will spur economic growth and job creation in the
United States.
Ecolab
Honeywell
International
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America
The &
Company;
DyPont Company
Development of Vapormate as a Replacement for Methyl
Bromide Fumigants
For decades, global trade in fresh fruits and vegetables has been dependent on the use of methyl
bromide as a fumigant to kill indigenous insect pests. However, methyl bromide has been found
to deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, and is being rapidly phased out under the Montreal
Protocol. Without a viable replacement, global trade in fresh foods would be severely curtailed
due to concerns about the spread of indigenous pests.
Linde North America has developed Vapormate — a combination of ethyl formate and
carbon dioxide — as an effective and environmentally friendly replacement for methyl bromide.
Vapormate's active ingredient, ethyl formate, has no known ozone depletion or global warming
potential. It eradicates pests efficiently, and quickly breaks down into metabolites that occur
naturally in the environment. In addition to its important role as a replacement for a known
contributor to ozone depletion, Vapormate has other environmental benefits. First, it is less
toxic than methyl bromide and most commodity fumigants in current use and therefore safer
for human exposure. Second, Vapormate fumigates and dissipates more rapidly than methyl
bromide, allowing fresh foods to be shipped more expeditiously. This reduces spoilage and allows
for more sustainable farming practices.
Vapormate is currently approved for use in select countries, including South Korea, Indonesia,
the Philippines, New Zealand, and Australia. It was submitted to the EPA for registration in
February 2012, and is currently undergoing the established review process. As Vapormate wins
approval in additional markets and achieves broader use, it will have two important benefits. It
will reduce depletion of the ozone layer by eliminating current usage of methyl bromide. It will
also enable more efficient global commerce in fresh foods by reducing spoilage.
Cold-Water Enzyme: Reducing the Environmental Footprint
of Residential Laundry through Low Temperature Cleaning
Each day, Americans do 123 million loads of laundry. They have become accustomed to a
certain level of cleaning and ease in performing this essential activity of modern living. And when
it comes to stain removal, most choose to set their dials to warm or hot to ensure a quality clean.
The research teams at DuPont and its strategic partner Proctor & Gamble have invented an entirely
new enzyme that allows consumers to wash their clothes at significantly lower temperatures with
dramatically improved performance. The enzyme helps reduce energy use by 50% with each load.
This superior enzyme technology, cold-water protease, is available now in Tide Coldwater
Clean. Both companies felt passionate about pursuing the development of this enzyme because
success meant significant environmental benefits due to the sheer scale of use. Current laundry
washing creates 40 million metric tons of emissions of carbon dioxide. If the loads were cleaned
instead in cold water, the energy savings would reduce those emissions by 80%. In other words,
that is the equivalent of taking 6.3 million cars from the road, based on annual United States
emissions. Use of this cold-water protease has equivalent performance and stability compared to
the traditional technology used. DuPont s Genencor scientists applied novel protein engineering
methods to invent an optimal protease enzyme that at 60°F matches the cleaning performance of
the previous incumbent generation product at 90°F. Joint commercialization of this breakthrough
technology means it has the potential to become the largest manufacture of an engineered enzyme
in the world — greening one of the most common household chores on a macro scale. Consumer
habit surveys indicate that low temperature cleaning is on the rise in both North America and
Europe, and that the potential benefits enabled by this technology are becoming a reality.
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S.C Johnsons GreenlistlM Process Drives Continuous dr
Measurable Improvements in Windex~l Brand
The S.C. Johnson Greenlist™ process is setting a new standard for environmental responsibility
employing a rigorous, scientific approach to impact better material (Raw Material and Packaging
Components) choices. This patented process includes ratings for all of the materials S.C. Johnson
uses in manufacturing its products, other than those in newly-acquired products that are still
being evaluated.
The Greenlist™ process uses a four-point scale for rating ingredients: 3 "Best," 2 "Better," 1
"Good" and 0-rated materials (which are used only on a limited basis). In 2001, S.C. Johnson
started with 18% "Better/Best" ingredients; in 2014, the company was at 47%. S.C. Johnson
was a 2005 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award winner for its Greenlist'" process.
However, the measurements submitted in 2005 tracked the average Environmental Classifications
(EC) score and now track "Better/Best" ingredients. The Better/Best score puts more of a focus
on using the "Better" and "Best" materials. To compare how S.C. Johnson is tracking since 2005,
47% Better/Best equates to an average EC score of 1.65, up from 1.41 in 2005-The company
currently rates greater than 98%) of its Raw Materials exceeding the 90% rated in 2005.
As it relates to Windex®, the formula has had significant improvement in its environmental
profile, as described back in the 2005 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award submission,
but the improvements did not stop there. S.C. Johnson has continuously improved its profile,
both from a formula and packaging standpoint, and this process is being used to benefit all of
its product lines.
VF Corporation: CHEM-IQ_
SM
Chemical management in the apparel and footwear industries is complex. VF Corporation
produces close to 500 million units of product at more than 2,000 facilities annually, operating
one of the largest and most sophisticated supply chains in the world. VF recognized the need
for simplified solutions in chemical management and saw an opportunity to use its size and
scale to improve workplace safety, environmental protection, and product quality by creating an
innovative chemical program.
VF challenged itself to take an entirely different approach to existing chemical management
programs which evaluate products for chemical composition after they are produced. Instead, VF
focused on testing and eliminating potentially harmful chemicals before they enter manufacturing
processes. CHEM-IQSM is a first-of-its kind, cost-effective, simple process for factory suppliers
to submit chemicals to be screened of over 400 potentially harmful substances. Each test costs
approximately $50 compared to $1,000 for other methods — a 95% cost reduction.
Chemical identification prior to manufacturing provides suppliers with clear instructions on
which chemicals are preferred and non-preferred. CHEM-1QSM, developed in collaboration with
an advisory council from Natural Resources Defense Council, University of Massachusetts-Lowell,
Modern Testing Services, and the University of Leeds, scans chemical samples and delivers an
easy-to-understand, color-coded rating to the supplier indicating whether or not the formulation
is permitted for use.
CHEM-IQSM is currently used at VF-owned facilities and supplier factories in the United
States, China, Turkey, Taiwan, and Mexico. To date, CHEM-IQSM has removed more than 250
tons of non-preferred textile auxiliaries from VF's supply chain before they entered the factory.
Thus, CHEM-IQSM has already had a positive impact on VF's ability to prevent potential worker
and customer exposure, as well as the discharge of non-preferred chemicals to air, water, or land.
S. C. Johnson &
Son, Inc.
¥F Corporation
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are
A S LLC
Pathed®/PathShieUT* Antimicrobial Filter Media for the Control of Bacteria in
Stormwater and Industrial Process Waters 13
Inc. (AAT)
Using Bioethanol as a Raw Material, to Produce: 1. SAFEN: A Low Cost
Nematicide and Fungicide, Based on Ethyl Formate, which is Generally Regarded as
Safe by the FDA, and Which Biodegrades Into Two Naturally Occurring Substances,
with No Lasting Detrimental Effects to Air, Soil and Water; and 2. Ethyl Formate
in a Second Development as a Suitable Raw Material for Propionic
Acid and Acrylate Production 13
Inc.
New Chemical Impedes Biofilm Formation and the Adhesion ofFoulers. ............ 14
*AIgenoI
The Algenol Bio fuel Process: Sustainable Production of Ethanol and Green Crude 8
Amyris, Inc.
Myralene™: A Renewable, Pure Hydrocarbon Non-VOCSolvent Produced'from Plant
Sugars 14
D.f of
University North Central
Photocatylic Oxidations of Ethers with Visible/Near UV Light and the Development of a
Continuous Flow Photoreactor. ........................................... 9
Estolides: A Low-Cost, High-Performance Renewable Fluid Certified for Motor Oil.. ... 15
Cell Inc.; Yi-Heng Percival Zhang,
of Virginia
Ultra-High Energy Density Metal-Free Sugar Biobattery 15
*Chen, Y.-X.f of
University
Greener Condensation Reactions for Renewable Chemicals, Liquid Fuels, and
3
of of
Rapid Bacteriophage-Based Bacterial Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Test 10
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*CoIorado of
Y.-X.
Greener Condensation Reactions for Renewable Chemicals, Liquid Fuels, and
Biodegradable Polymers 3
The
Dow Polymeric Flame Retardant......................................... 23
Development and Commercialization of an Integrated Cellulosic Etbanol Production
Platform 23
Company; The &
Cold-Water Enzyme: Reducing the Environmental Footprint of Residential Laundry
through Low Temperature. Cleaning 26
Eastman Omnia™ Solvent- Changing the Chemistry of Clean. New, Safe, Highly
Effective Solvent for Cleaning Applications. ................................. 24
Ecolab
Environmentally Preferable Bio tide for Water Treatment in Hydraulic Fracturing. . .... 24
Ecolab
OxyCide™ Daily Disinfectant Cleaner..................................... 25
of
of California,
Catalytic Cross-Couplings Using a Sustainable Metal and Green Solvents 9
of
A Solar Chemical Process to End Anthropogenic Global Warming: STEP Generation of
Energetic Molecules 10
Inc.
The Reinvention of Biomass Based n-Butanolfor the Renewable Chemicals Industry. ... 16"
H-O-H Inc.
Cooling Tower Water Conservation & Chemical Treatment Elimination 16
Low Global Warming, Non-VOC, Zero-ODP Molecule for Energy Efficient Polyurethane
Foam Insulation Blowing Agent, Solvents, and Heat Transfer 25
*Hybrid
Hybrid Non-lsocyanate Polyurethane/Green Polyurethane1"....................... 7
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Inc.
LanzaTech Gas Fermentation Process....................................... 5
Licht, of
A Solar Chemical Process to End Anthropogenic Global Warming: STEP Generation of
Energetic Molecules 10
High Performance Solvent-Free Coating Technology 17
Development of Vapormate as a Replacement for Methyl Bromide Fumigants. ........ 26
LLC - a Liability
The Recovery of Organic Halidesfrom Waste Streams by the Chemical Reaction of
Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide .......................................... 17 \
Inc.
Greener Synthesis of Surfactants. ......................................... 18
Newlight Technologies, LLC
AirCarbon: Carbon-Negative Plastic Made from Carbon Sequestration 18
Phyllom Corp.
grubGONEf®, beetleGONEf® and boreGONEf®, Biological Insecticides with Low
Impact on Humans and the Environment Yet Effective Against Destructive Beetle Pests. . 18
The & Company;
Cold- Water Enzyme: Reducing the Environmental Footprint of Residential Laundry
through Low Temperature Cleaning. ...................................... 26 \
Inc.
PROSOCO R-Guard: High-Performance Phthalate-Free Air and Water Resistive Barrier
Sealant and Sealant Coating System. ...................................... 19
Purdue University North Central, of
D.
Photocatylic Oxidations of Ethers with Visible/Near UV Light and the Development
of a Continuous Flow Photoreactor 9 \
The Plantrose® Process: Supercritical Water as the Economic Enabler ofBiobased
Industry 4 \
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Inc.
Creating Multi-Functional Polyols Using Recycled Raw Material Streams 20
LLC
PLATech, Green Chemistry Universal Adhesive-Sealing Technology ................ 20
S.C. & Inc.
S. C. Johnsons Greenlist™ Process Drives Continuous & Measurable Improvements in
Winded Brand 27
Inc.
Cleaner Transportation Fuels and Commodity Chemicals from Methane 21
Sirrus, Inc.
1,1-DisubstitutedAlkenes 21
*SoItex of
A Novel High Efficiency Process for the Manufacture of Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene
Using a Fixed Bed Solid State Catalyst Reactor System 6
of California, Los of
Garg
Catalytic Cross-Couplings Using a Sustainable Metal and Green Solvents 9
VF
VF Corporation: CH£M-IQSM 27
Virginia Tech, of
Yi-Heng
High-Yield and High-Purity Hydrogen Production from Carbohydrates via Synthetic
Enzymatic Pathways. ................................................ .11
Virginia Tech, of
Yi-Heng Cell Inc
Ultra-High Energy Density Metal-Free Sugar Biobattery 15
of Chemistry, of
Mines
Rapid Bacteriophage-Based Bacterial Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Test 10
ZAPS Inc.
An Application of Hybrid Multispectral Analysis; Real-Time Wastewater
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Yi-Heng Perciwal, of
Engineering, Virginia Tech
High-Yield and High-Purity Hydrogen Production from Carbohydrates via Synthetic
Enzymatic Pathways 11
Yi-Heng of
Virginia Tech; Inc
Ultra-High Energy Density Metal-Free Sugar Biobattery 15
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