ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE
ENERGY IN LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES
A GUIDE TO EPA PROGRAMS
x>EPA
BIPiEQ
State and Local
Climate and Energy Program
-------
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 3
PROGRAM FINDER 5
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER 6
Combined Heat and Power Partnership 6
ENERGY EFFICIENCY 9
ENERGY STARฎ 9
POLICY AND PLANNING 15
Heat Island Reduction Program 15
Local Climate and Energy Program 18
State Climate and Energy Program 21
RENEWABLE ENERGY 24
Green Power Partnership 24
RE-Powering America's Land 27
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES 30
Smart Growth Program 30
WATER 34
WaterSense 34
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
Introduction
Investing in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and climate protection programs is an important way
for state and local governments to provide a variety of benefits to low-income communities, including
energy cost savings, job creation, improved air quality,
and healthier homes.
Bringing the Benefits of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy to
This guide is designed to help state and local
governments connect with EPA programs that can help
them expand or develop their own energy
efficiency/renewable energy (EE/RE) and climate
initiatives in ways that benefit low-income communities.
The guide can also be used by low-income community
leaders and stakeholder groups to understand better
how they might take advantage of the EPA programs
described here to bring the environmental, economic,
and quality of life benefits of EE/RE and climate
protection measures to their communities.
The program profiles are grouped according to the
following general program types:
Combined Heat and Power
Energy Efficiency
Policy and Planning
Renewable Energy
Smart Growth
Water
Each profile includes the following sections:
Basic information and contact details
Relevant target sectors/audiences
Services/assistance offered
Value to low-income communities
Suggested actions a state or local government
could take
Tools and resources
Low-Income Communities: Additional
Resources
In addition to this guide, EPA is
developing a series of case studies
and webinars to highlight effective
efforts by state and local agencies,
non-profits, and utilities to bring
EE/RE to low-income households.
The case studies and webinars, which
will be available on EPA's State and
Local Climate and Energy website,
highlight proven, practical, scalable,
replicable, and sustainable programs
and policies, focusing on how they
overcame common barriers to
successful implementation.
In August 2015, the White House
released a guide to federal programs
and activities to support EE/RE in low-
and moderate-income communities.
(PDF, 10 pp, 323 K). This guide
expands upon the EPA programs
included in the White House guide.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
Getting Started
Use the "Program Finder" table as a starting point to identify those programs that reach the sectors and
audiences of interest to your organization.
Refer to the "Value to Low-Income Communities" and "Possible State and Local Actions" sections of each
program profile for ideas on how to help bring the benefits of each program to low-income households.
Contact information is included in each program profile. If, after reading this guide, you have any
questions about getting started, please contact the State and Local Climate and Energy Program.
Please note: This document contains Internet addresses that were current when the document was produced (December
2015), but addresses may change over time. To stay informed of updates to this guide and to learn about other EPA EE/RE
and climate materials and tools, please sign up for EPA's State and Local Climate and Energy Newsletter.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
Program Finder
The Program Finder table below shows which programs could be used to reach nine relevant sectors
and audiences.
EPA Program (alphabetical order)
Combined Heat and Power Partnership (p.6)
ENERGY STARฎ (p. 9)
Green Power Partnership (p. 24)
Heat Island Reduction Program (p. 15)
Local Climate and Energy Program (p. 18)
Smart Growth Program (p. 30)
RE-Powering America's Land (p. 27)
State Climate and Energy Program (p. 21)
WaterSense (p. 34)
2 -g c ง ฃฃ To g1'
5 te -2 | ^ S| '= *"
3|lte|^^lซg
'l_ C 3 >-5J3(D>W =
01 o T3 o ^ 3 d)
-------
Combined Heat and Power
Combined Heat and Power Partnership
Services Offered
Analytical tools
CHP
Matching buyers and sellers
- c . . is EPA COMBINED HEAT AND
Professional networking * POWER PARTNERSHIP v
Public recognition SJBucing Reliable Energy
S Pifeserwing the Environment
Technical assistance
Training
Relevant Sectors
Agricultural
Commercial
Education
Government
Industry
Real Estate Development
Utility/Program Administrators
Website
www.epa.gov/chp
Contact
CHP Partnership
(703) 373-8108
chp@epa.gov
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
Description
Typically, nearly two-thirds of the energy used to generate electricity is wasted in the form of heat
discharged to the atmosphere. Additional energy is wasted during the distribution of electricity to end
users. CHP is on-site electricity generation that captures the heat that would otherwise be wasted to
provide useful thermal energysuch as steam or hot waterwhich can be used for space heating,
cooling, domestic hot water and industrial processes. In this way, and by avoiding distribution losses,
CHP can achieve efficiencies of over 80 percent, compared to 50 percent for conventional technologies
(i.e., grid-supplied electricity and an on-site boiler).
Services
The Partnership works with companies and organizations operating in the United States and its
territories to promote the economic, environmental, and reliability benefits of CHP and provides tools
and services to support development of new CHP capacity, such as the Catalog of CHP Technologies, the
CHP Emissions Calculator, and a database of state and federal policies, funding opportunities and
financial incentives. The program also provides public recognition for superior projects, and training
through webinars and conferences.
Value to Low-Income Communities
State and local governments can encourage public housing authorities and other developers and
operators of low-income housing to incorporate CHP in new buildings when cost-effective, and to
consider CHP retrofits when existing buildings require replacement of boilers or other heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning equipment. The use of CHP can improve the reliability and efficiency of
these systems, which in turn can reduce energy costs for building owners and residents.
Possible State and Local Actions
Implement policies that support the development of CHP at multifamily housing and community
facilities.
Provide incentives/rebates for the development of CHP projects (e.g., as in Connecticut, New Jersey,
and California).
Use State Revolving Fund money to fund the installation of CHP systems at wastewater treatment
systems where they can use captured biogas as free fuel.
Remove policy barriers that impede the development of CHP projects (e.g., standby utility rates,
restrictions on electricity sales, and input-based emissions regulations).
Develop an outreach campaign to promote CHP.
Create CHP goals and targets as part of climate and energy plans.
Allow CHP as an eligible resource under a renewable or energy efficiency portfolio standard.
Tools/Resources
Catalog of CHP Technologies
Provides an overview of how CHP systems work and the key concepts of efficiency and power-to-heat
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
ratios. It also provides information about the cost and performance characteristics of the principal
commercially available CHP prime movers.
CHP Emissions Calculator
Calculates the difference between the anticipated carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide
(N2O), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from a CHP system to those of a
separate heat and power system. The calculator also presents estimated emissions reductions as
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and emissions from passenger vehicles.
dCHPP (CHP policies and incentives database^
An online database that allows users to search for CHP policies and incentives by state or at the
federal level.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
Energy Efficiency
ENERGY STARฎ
ENERGY STAR
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Awards and public recognition
Environmental performance benchmarking
Guidebooks/toolkits
Marketing and sales tools and resources
Professional networking
Program planning assistance
Technical support
Training and webinars
Relevant Sectors
Commercial
Education
Government
Industry
Public
Real estate development
Residential (including owners, builders, service providers, etc.)
Utility/Program Administrators
Website
www.enerqystar.gov
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
-------
Contact
https://www.enerqystar.gov/about/contact us?s=footer
Description
ENERGY STAR is a U.S. EPA voluntary program that helps businesses and individuals save money and
protect the climate through superior energy efficiency. ENERGY STAR includes a broad range of 16,000
partners across every sector of the economy, from manufacturers and trade associations, to retailers
and efficiency program providers, to home builders and small businesses. ENERGY STAR represents
products in more than 70 different categories, with more than 4.8 billion sold since 1992. More than 1.6
million new homes and more than 22,000 facilities carry the ENERGY STAR certification.
State and local governments can use ENERGY STAR as a platform for helping low-income communities
benefit from energy efficiency in multiple ways, such as described below under "Possible State and Local
Actions."
Services
ENERGY STAR offers a number of programs and services that can provide value to low-income
communities.
ENERGY STAR for Commercial Buildings: EPA works with businesses and institutions to make
strategic energy management a standard part of organizational management. Building owners and
facility managers use EPA tools to benchmark their energy and water use, set goals for improvement,
develop action plans, measure success, communicate, and gain recognition for energy performance
accomplishments. Top-performing buildings such as hospitals, hotels, office buildings, retailers,
schools, grocery stores, warehouses, banks, and courthouses can earn ENERGY STAR certification
using EPA's ENERGY STAR Portfolio Managerฎ tool. EPA offers live Web conferences and pre-recorded
online trainings. Website: www.enerqvstar.gov/buildinqs
ENERGY STAR for Congregations: ENERGY STAR has been deeply engaged with the faith community
since the mid-1990s, working with individual congregations, denominations, and interfaith
organizations to save money through improved energy efficiency in their buildings, while also
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Like most commercial facilities, houses of worship (and religious
schools, hospitals, etc.) can reduce energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions significantly with help
from ENERGY STAR'S free information, tools, training and tech support for strategic energy
management. Website: www.enerqystar.qov/conqreqations
ENERGY STAR for Industry: ENERGY STAR works collaboratively with manufacturing sectors to
provide energy management direction, support, and tools to industrial companies as they build and
refine energy management programs, reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, and improve
competitiveness. ENERGY STAR offers road-tested resources, tools, benchmarks, and guidance to
help companies establish energy programs that continuously improve energy efficiency. No-cost tools
guide the development and refinement of energy management systems, achievement of greenhouse
gas emission reduction goals, and definition of energy efficiency pathways for manufacturing
operations. Specialized tools and information are available for more than 30 industrial sectors.
ENERGY STAR also has energy management resources catered specifically for small and medium
manufacturers. Website: www.enerqystar.gov/industry
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 10
-------
ENERGY STAR Products: EPA works with stakeholdersincluding manufacturers, trade associations,
utilities, and energy and environmental advocatesto develop performance specifications for ENERGY
STAR products that deliver significant energy savings. Manufacturers submit products for third-party
certification based on testing in an EPA-recognized laboratory. EPA provides the ENERGY STAR logo,
national campaigns, consumer education, marketing resources, training materials and a sophisticated
product database. Website: www.enerqystar.gov/products
. ENERGY STAR Residential:
- ENERGY STAR Residential offers free, online tools to help homeowners assess their homes' energy
efficiency. The ENERGY STAR Home Energy Yardstick provides a simple assessment of a home's
annual energy use compared to similar homes, and the Home Energy Advisor assesses a home's
energy use and provides customized recommendations to help reduce utility bills and improve
comfort.
- Home Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES), administered by DOE in conjunction with the
EPA, offers a comprehensive, systematic approach to improving energy efficiency and comfort.
HPwES is managed by a local sponsor that recruits, trains, and provides quality assurance over
home improvement contractors who deliver comprehensive home energy assessments and
efficiency installations.
- Homes eligible to earn the ENERGY STAR label include single-family, low- and high-rise
multifamily, as well as modular and manufactured homes. All homes that earn the ENERGY STAR
label must meet stringent requirements for energy efficiency set by EPA. Websites:
www.enerqvstar.qov/homeimprovement, www.enerqvstar.qov/homeperformance,
www.enerqystar.gov/homes
ENERGY STAR for Small Businesses: ENERGY STAR assists small businesses and their trade and
business associations, helping to improve their bottom line through energy efficiency while reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. ENERGY STAR'S tools and resources can help small businesses achieve the
same energy and dollar savings, per square foot, as America's largest corporations. Website:
www.enerqvstar.gov/smallbiz
Value to Low-Income Communities
Energy efficiency improvements using ENERGY STAR products, targeted to lower income customers, can
help reduce their electricity bills, improve health and safety conditions where they live and work, give
them new job opportunities, and help to grow their local economies. They can also help low-income
households retain more of their income and use it for other essentials such as education, health care,
and home ownership.
Designing and constructing homes in low-income communities to be energy efficient helps residents
save money on energy bills and can create local jobs. New ENERGY STAR certified homes are designed
and constructed with comprehensive and integrated energy efficient systems and features. These homes
also provide low-income residents with non-monetary benefits such as improved comfort and indoor air.
And because ENERGY STAR certified homes cost less to operate, they provide low-income families a
greater opportunity for home ownership.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 11
-------
Energy efficiency can help businesseslarge and smallreduce costs, be competitive and profitable, and
create and retain jobs in underserved communities. According to the U.S. Small Business
Administration, America's small businesses created nearly 2 million of the roughly 3 million private-
sector jobs generated in 2014. Small businesses are likely to employ higher numbers of individuals with
low educational attainment.
ENERGY STAR'S tools and resources can help faith communities achieve significant utility savings in their
facilities. These funds can be redirected to their community mission, which typically includes programs
and assistance to residents in low-income or overburdened communities. Congregational teams can also
use ENERGY STAR tools, training and tech support to help people in their communities lower their utility
costs and improve comfort for in their homes.
Many manufacturing plants are located within or near low-income communities. Air pollution from these
plants can increase incidences of asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Energy efficiency is one of the
lowest-cost and lowest-risk strategies both for governments seeking to control industrial pollution and
for manufacturers looking to reduce their environmental footprint. Energy-efficient plants may be more
competitive than less efficient sites, and potentially able to invest cost savings from energy efficiency in
jobs at the site.
Possible State and Local Actions
Provide incentives for or require new public housing to be ENERGY STAR certified.
Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of requiring or incentivizing energy efficiency improvements in
housing grant programs.
Develop approaches that improve access for small affordable housing owners and housing agencies to
comprehensive energy services.
Leverage ENERGY STAR tools to help improve accountability and reporting of savings tied to state
and local energy program assistance.
If an HPwES program exists in your state, enhance current incentives, marketing, financing, and
training to target low-income communities.
Encourage/provide incentives to the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to purchase
ENERGY STAR certified products (e.g., through rebate or coupon programs).
Partner with local community associations to distribute ENERGY STAR products, such as energy
efficient light bulbs, at public events, or directly to low income communities.
Adopt policies that encourage benchmarking and disclosure for public and privately owned buildings.
Leverage ENERGY STAR communications resources and partner with local organizations to celebrate
successes and promote energy efficiency throughout the community.
Guide local industrial plants to evaluate energy use, set baselines and goals with ENERGY STAR'S
Challenge for Industry, and develop an energy savings program as part of conditions for receiving
assistance, rebates, or grants. (ENERGY STAR offers tools to help companies track energy use and
set goals.)
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 12
-------
Tools/Resources
Directory of Energy Efficiency Programs
Identifies organizations in each state that sponsor energy efficiency programs and that are partnered
with ENERGY STAR.
Energy Efficiency Resources for State and Utility Programs
Targeted tools that can assist states and utilities in identifying opportunities for energy efficiency in
industrial sectors.
ENERGY STAR Action Workbook for Congregations
A resource and planning guide for clergy, facility managers, business administrators, and
congregational members.
ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Partner Locator
Identifies local builders who construct ENERGY STAR certified homes as well as Home Energy Raters
and incentive programs.
. ENERGY STAR Home Advisor
A tool designed to help homeowners improve their home's efficiency while adding comfort and value.
. ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry
Helps manufacturing sites set an easy energy reduction goal and achieve it.
. ENERGY STAR Product Finder
Allows users to find product models that have earned the ENERGY STAR and compare features,
savings and more.
ENERGY STAR Purchasing and Procurement Guidelines
Assists procurement officials in smart purchasing decisions; online training and case studies are also
available.
Financial Resources
Strategies and incentives to finance energy efficiency projects.
Find Rebates for ENERGY STAR Certified Products
Searchable database of sales tax exemptions or credits, rebates, and other incentives from ENERGY
STAR partners. Also see the Database of Incentives and Joint Marketing Exchange and the list of
federal tax credits.
Guidelines for Energy Management
Guidance on how to build an energy management program, based on the successful practices of
ENERGY STAR partners.
Home Energy Yardstick
Allows homeowners to compare household energy use with others across the country and get
recommendations for improvement; can be hosted on a state or local government website.
Industrial Energy Management Information Center
Contains energy savings information focused on specific industry sectors, plant utilities and process
improvements.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 13
-------
. Mv ENERGY STAR
Provides a personalized page for homeowners to track their actions and impacts, and discover special
deals.
Portfolio Manager
Allows users to assess and track energy and water consumption within individual buildings as well as
across an entire building portfolio.
Rapid Deployment Energy Efficiency CRDEE') Toolkit
Provides detailed program design and implementation guides for 10 broadly applicable energy
efficiency programs.
Resources for ENERGY STAR Partners
Includes marketing, technical, and training/educational resources.
Service and Product Provider Directory
Locates companies that can help identify, prioritize, and implement quality projects that will improve
total energy management.
Target Finder
Helps architects and building owners set aggressive, realistic energy targets and rate a building
design's estimated energy use.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 14
-------
Policy and Planning
HEAT ISLAND
REDUCTION
PROGRAM
Heat Island Reduction Program
Services Offered
Guidebooks/toolkits
Newsletter
Technical assistance
Webcasts
Relevant Sectors
Academic
Commercial
Government
Public
Real Estate Development
Residential
Website
www2.epa.gov/heat-islands
Contact
Victoria Ludwig
(202) 343-9291
ludwiq.victoria@epa.gov
Description
This program helps create cooler communities and reduce the heat island effect by sharing information
about heat island impacts, mitigation benefits, and policy advancements with state and local decision-
makers and program implementers, the research community, industry, and the general public.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
15
-------
Services
This program helps communities by providing valuable information about heat island science, impacts,
and mitigation strategies. The program also provides tools and resources that support community
action, including regular online news updates, webcasts with leading experts in the field, and regular
email announcements on heat island topics.
Value to Low-Income Communities
Elevated temperatures from urban heat islands, particularly during the summer, can affect people's
health and quality of life, and a community's environmental quality. People in low-income areas can be
especially vulnerable to these impacts due to limited tree canopy, lack of air conditioning and small
living spaces, and limited access to health services. By taking action to reduce the heat island effect,
local governments can achieve multiple goals that benefit low-income communities, including:
Lower energy costs for residents and businesses
Increased local economic development
Improved public health and quality of life (e.g., fewer respiratory and heat-related illnesses)
Better environmental conditions (e.g., less air and carbon pollution, reduced stormwater runoff)
Increased community resilience to climate change impacts
Possible State and Local Actions
Implement heat island reduction strategies in low-income areas that increase the use of trees and
vegetation, green roofs, cool reflective roofs, and cool pavements, in order to reduce air and surface
temperatures.
Integrate mitigation strategies into low-income communities through voluntary efforts such as
demonstration projects, incentive programs, weatherization, urban forestry efforts, outreach,
education, and awards.
Include mitigation strategies in local and state policy and regulatory actions such as procurement,
resolutions, ordinances, action plans, community design guidelines, zoning codes, building standards
and codes, and regional air quality planning. Customize such actions for application in low-income
communities.
Tools/Resources
Heat Island Community Action Database
Provides examples of local and statewide initiatives to reduce heat islands and achieve related
energy, air quality, human health, and water quality benefits, including those targeted to benefit
vulnerable low-income communities. Each entry in the database includes a description of the activity,
its current status, and a link to a website for more information.
Heat Island Newsletter
This periodic newsletter, distributed by email, provides announcements of funding opportunities,
webcasts, publications, and events of interest to the heat island community.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 16
-------
Heat Island Webcasts
Webcasts showcase the latest science and implementation activities, and highlight upcoming
meetings related to heat island science, mitigation strategies, and public health impacts.
Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies
Describes the causes and impacts of summertime urban heat islands and promotes key strategies for
lowering temperatures. The last chapter describes a range of voluntary and policy efforts undertaken
by state and local governments to mitigate urban heat islands.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 17
-------
Policy and Planning
Local Climate and Energy Program
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Guidebooks/Resources
Newsletter
Technical assistance
Webcasts
Relevant Sectors
Government
Local Climate and Energy Program
Website
www3.epa.gov/statelocalclimate
Contact
Andrea Denny
(202) 343-9268
denny.andrea@epa.gov
Description
This program helps local governments (including cities and towns, counties, regional governments,
Tribes and U.S. territories) meet sustainability goals with cost-effective climate change and EE/RE
strategies.
Services
This program coordinates among federal, state, and non-governmental programs to provide
comprehensive planning, policy, technical, and analytical information resources for municipal
governments. Key resources include: the Local Government Climate and Energy Strategy Series, which
includes documents on energy efficiency, transportation, community planning and design, solid waste
and materials management, and renewable energy; the Local Climate Action Framework, a
comprehensive, step-by step website that guides local governments through the process of designing,
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
18
-------
implementing, and evaluating climate and energy programs; regular webcasts on topical issues;
newsletters on training and funding opportunities, new tools and other resources; and the Climate
Showcase Communities program.
Value to Low-Income Communities
By implementing EE/RE strategies, local governments can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve
multiple community goals such as lowering energy costs; supporting local economic development;
improving people's health and quality of life; and strengthening community resilience to climate change
impacts.
Possible Local Actions
Review and evaluate EPA resources on local best practices to help set goals, select policies, and
obtain funding for projects that help low-income neighborhoods.
Read through the Climate Showcase Communities projects and replicate one that is a good fit for
your community and sustainability goals.
Implement cost-effective practices within government operations to redirect energy expenditures
toward services.
Engage low-income community members through education campaigns, demonstration projects, and
community events to help them tap into available federal, state, and utility incentives.
Develop EE/RE job-training programs that help create employment opportunities while also increasing
local use of energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Tools/Resources
Climate Showcase Communities
This program supported 50 pilot communities that created replicable models of cost-effective and
persistent greenhouse gas reductions. By sharing their successes and lessons learned, the program
encourages and supports replication across the country. Many of these projects served low-income
residents or could be adapted for deployment in vulnerable neighborhoods. Possible model projects
include:
Advancing Greenhouse Gas Reductions through Affordable Housing: James City County, VA
Community Energy Program: Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, CA
Cold Climate Energy Solutions: Duluth, MN
Energy Smart Homes: Greenfield, MA
Greenhouse Gas Reductions for Marginalized Communities: Honolulu, HI
Healthy Energy Living Project: Choctaw Nation, OK
Home Energy Affordability Loan Program: Little Rock, AR
Non-Profit Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program: Baltimore, MD
Re-energizing Our Urban Community; Aiken, SC
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 19
-------
Smart Trips: Eugene, OR
Local Climate and Energy Webcasts
Webcasts provide access to experts, case studies, and training on successful strategies for promoting
climate change mitigation and adaptation at the local level.
Local Government Climate and Energy Strategy Series
Documents in this series provide a comprehensive, straightforward overview of various greenhouse
gas emissions reduction strategies that local governments can employ.
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency in Local Government Operations (PDF')
Energy Efficiency in K-12 Schools (PDF;)
Energy Efficiency in Affordable Housing (PDF')
Energy-Efficient Product Procurement (PDF}
Combined Heat and Power (PDF')
Energy Efficiency in Water and Wastewater Facilities (PDF}
Transportation
Transportation Control Measures (PDF}
Community Planning and Design
Smart Growth (PDF;)
Solid Waste and Materials Management
Resource Conservation and Recovery (PDF;)
Renewable Energy
Green Power Procurement (PDF;)
On-Site Renewable Energy Generation (PDF')
Landfill Gas to Energy (PDF')
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 20
-------
Policy and Planning
State Climate and Energy Program
State Climate and Energy Program
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Guidebooks/toolkits
Technical assistance
Relevant Sectors
Government
Website
www3.epa.gov/statelocalclimate
Contact
Denise Mulholland
(202) 343-9274
mulholland. denise@epa.gov
Description
This program helps states develop and analyze energy efficiency and renewable energy policies and
programs that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower energy costs, improve air quality and public
health, and achieve economic development goals, and provides technical assistance to support state use
of energy efficiency and renewable energy to comply with EPA air regulations. The State Climate and
Energy Program advises states on proven, cost-effective best practices via guidance, analytical tools and
data, webcasts, and newsletters.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
21
-------
Services
Specific assistance includes:
Identifying cost-effective state policies and initiatives that advance renewable energy, energy
efficiency, and related technologies.
Measuring and evaluating the environmental, energy, economic, and public health benefits of energy
efficiency and renewable energy initiatives.
Providing technical assistance to states on effectively using energy efficiency and renewable energy
to comply with EPA regulations.
Hosting webcasts that allow state staff to share information on best practices and innovative policies.
Value to Low-Income Communities
EE/RE and climate protection programs and policies sponsored by state government agencies can
achieve multiple goals that benefit low-income communities throughout the state, including lowering
energy costs for residents and businesses, supporting economic development, improving people's health
and quality of life, and strengthening the state's resilience to climate change impacts.
Possible State Actions
Develop state energy efficiency and renewable energy policies and programs that can save energy,
lower electricity bills, create jobs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions using EPA's tools and
resources.
Analyze and communicate the projected policy and program impacts and associated co-benefits,
including air, health, energy, and economic benefits.
Evaluate, measure, and verify results once policies or programs are in place.
Develop an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions to establish a baseline and identify sectors or
sources for targeted reduction efforts.
Tools/Resources
Guidance
Assessing the Multiple Benefits of Clean Energy: A Resource for States
Provides information about the energy, air, health, and economic benefits of EE/RE and the methods
and tools availableincluding their strengths, limitations, and appropriate usesto estimate them .
Clean Energy Lead by Example Guide
Provides guidance for states in establishing programs that achieve substantial energy cost savings
within their own buildings and operations.
Energy-Environment Guide to Action: State Policies and Best Practices for Advancing Energy
Efficiency, Combined Heat and Power, and Renewable Energy
Presents 16 best practices that states have used to develop EE/RE programs and policies.
State Climate and Energy Webcasts
Presents analytical questions to resolve key issues surrounding state climate and EE/RE efforts.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 22
-------
Participants include state energy, environmental, and utility staff. Papers and presentations from past
calls are available.
Steps for States: Addressing Climate Change
Provides an action framework states can consider when deciding the best approach for addressing
their own climate change risks and reducing state greenhouse gas emissions with increased use of
energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Tools
Avoided Emissions and qeneRation Tool (AVERT)
Evaluates county, state and regional emissions displaced at electric power plants by energy efficiency
and renewable energy policies and programs.
Clean Energy Financing Program Decision Tool
Help state staff identify EE/RE financing programs suited to their jurisdiction's specific needs.
Co-Benefits Risk Assessment (COBRA') Tool
Estimates the impact of air quality improvements on public health and the economic value of the
health benefits.
Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator
Converts energy savings into carbon dioxide emissions and translates this information into readily
understandable terms, such as equivalent gallons of gasoline or electricity from homes.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Projection Tool
Generates a top-down estimate of greenhouse gas emissions at the U.S. state level.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 23
-------
Renewable Energy
Green Power Partnership
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Guidebooks/toolkits
Matching buyers and sellers
Professional networking
Public recognition
Technical assistance
Relevant Sectors
Agriculture
Commercial
Education
Government
Institutional
Industry
Real Estate Development
Website
www3.epa.gov/greenpower
Contact
James Critchfield
(202) 343-9442
critchfield. james@epa.gov
dEPA
GREEN
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs
24
-------
Description
The Green Power Partnership (GPP) promotes the use of renewable energy by providing technical
assistance, resources and tools, and public recognition to entities that choose to use green power (i.e.,
electricity that is generated from resources such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and low-impact
hydro facilities). More than 140 local and eight state governments are already Green Power Partners. To
see the Green Power Partnership Top Local Government list, visit:
http://www3.epa.qov/qreenpower/toplists/top30localqov.htm For a list of all Partners, see
http://www3.epa.gov/qreenpower/partners/index.htm.
Services
The Green Power Partnership promotes and recognizes Green Power Partners for their leadership in
using green power. EPA assists Partners in promoting the concept of green power internally and
externally, which often includes media coverage and related communications assistance. EPA also
provides technical advice on navigating the green power procurement process.
Value to Low-Income Communities
The Green Power Communities program (an initiative of EPA's GPP) is increasing community use of
renewable electricity across the country, including in low-income communities. The program is
working to integrate and improve renewable energy procurement opportunities, such as community
choice aggregations, to provide scale and leveraged buying power for these communities. Over 50
local governments across the nation are already EPA Green Power Communities. GPP's Clean Energy
Collaborative Procurement Initiative provides a collaborative platform to help aggregate purchases at
institutions (e.g., affordable housing, schools, critical services) that are cornerstones of all
communities. The initiative can assist stakeholders from low-income communities, such as affordable
housing building owners, with assessing collaborative EE/RE opportunities.
Possible State and Local Actions
Purchase green power or install green power on-site for government operations.
Encourage localities to partner with EPA to become Green Power Communities, where the local
government, businesses, and residents collectively use green power in amounts that meet or exceed
EPA's Green Power Community reguirements.
Encourage localities, companies, and industries to join as Green Power Partners.
Encourage existing Partners in your state or locality to recruit other companies into the program or to
expand their green power use.
Set targets and goals for state and local agencies for buying green power.
Tools/Resources
Green Power Locator
Provides information about the green power options in each state. Results include utility green
electricity programs and renewable energy certificate (REC) products sold separately from electricity.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 25
-------
Green Power Resource Library
Includes documents meant to aid organizations in navigating the renewable energy procurement and
renewable energy project development processes. It includes guidance documents, templates and
actual examples of solicitations and contracts.
Guide to Purchasing Green Power (PDF')
Includes information about the different types of green power products, the benefits of using green
power, and how to capture the greatest benefit from purchases.
Steps to Becoming a Green Power Community
Steps to Becoming a Green Power Partner
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 26
-------
Renewable Energy
RE-Powering America's Land
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Guidebooks/toolkits
Technical assistance
Relevant Sectors
Commercial
Education
Government
Industry
Public
Real Estate Development
Utility/Program Administrators
Website
www.epa.gov/re-powerinq
Contact
Adam Klinger
(202) 566-0546
klinqer.adam@epa.qov
Description
The RE-Powering America's Land Initiative encourages renewable energy development on current and
formerly contaminated lands, landfills, and mine sites when such development is aligned with a
community's vision for the site. This Initiative identifies the renewable energy potential of these sites
and provides other useful resources for communities, developers, industry, state and local governments
or anyone interested in reusing these sites for renewable energy development. These resources include
technical assistance, screening tools, handbooks and best practice guides.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 27
-------
Services
Specific assistance includes:
Identifying contaminated lands, landfills and mine sites and screening such sites for renewable
energy potential.
Clarifying potential liability issues associated with redevelopment of contaminated properties with
revised guidance tailored to the kind of tenant relationships often used in renewable energy
development.
Developing and disseminating handbooks, case studies and best practice guides to integrate the
cleanup process with renewable energy development, demonstrate the feasibility of such installations
and outline various considerations associated with renewable energy development on municipal solid
waste landfills.
Partnering with stakeholders and leveraging efforts across EPA.
Value to Low-Income Communities
RE-Powering America's Land helps communities site renewable energy installations on contaminated
lands, landfills, or mine sites that are often found in or adjacent to low-income communities and have
limited reuse options. By using these lands to support renewable energy, communities can divert
development pressures away from open space and preserve undeveloped land and habitat. Installing
renewable energy can also help communities improve air quality, add to the economic vitality of the
community, create jobs, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. RE-Powering America's Land partners
with EPA's Environmental Workforce Development and Job Training Grants Program, which provides
competitive grant funding to recruit, train and place unemployed and under-employed residents,
including low-income and minority residents, of solid and hazardous waste affected communities.
Possible State and Local Actions
Develop policies and utilize best practices that encourage renewable energy on contaminated lands in
low-income areas.
Analyze and communicate the projected policy and program impacts and associated co-benefits,
including air, health, energy, land use and economic benefits.
Conduct outreach to low-income communities about possible projects to gain their buy-in and
support.
Evaluate, measure, and verify results once policies or programs are in place.
Tools/Resources
Guidance
Best Practices for Siting Solar Photovoltaics on Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
This document provides assistance in addressing common technical challenges for siting solar
photovoltaics on municipal solid waste landfills.
Handbook on Siting Renewable Energy Projects While Addressing Environmental Issues
This handbook provides tools to help interested parties determine the overall feasibility of siting
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 28
-------
renewable energy production and some key considerations for integrating renewable energy
development during all phases of typical cleanup processes.
RE-Powerinq Finance Fact Sheet
Semi-annual publication using publicly available information to list the completed renewable energy
installations on contaminated sites and landfills in the United States.
Revised BFPP Enforcement Guidance for Tenants
This revised guidance and model comfort/status letters discuss the potential applicability of certain
provisions under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) and the Agency's intention to exercise its enforcement discretion in select circumstances
with respect to liability.
Tools
RE-Powerinq Mapper
A preliminary screening tool that uses Google Earth to assess the renewable energy potential of over
80,000 contaminated lands, landfills, and mine sites.
RE-Powerinq's Tracking Matrix
Semi-annual publication using publicly available information to list the completed renewable energy
installations on contaminated sites and landfills in the United States.
Electronic Decision Tree
A downloadable computer tool that walks users through a series of Yes / No / Skip questions
supplemented by tips and links to relevant tools and information resources, allowing users to screen
site suitability for solar photovoltaic and wind installations.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 29
-------
Sustainable Communities
Smart Growth Program
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Guidebooks/toolkits
Outreach support
Technical assistance
Public recognition
Relevant Sectors
Commercial
Education
Government
Residential
Public
Real Estate Development
Utility/Program Administrators
Website
www.epa.gov/smart-growth
Contact
Megan Susman
(202) 566-2861
susman.megan@epa.gov
Description
This program provides tools, research, and technical assistance to help communities grow in ways that
are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. It encourages compact, walkable
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 30
-------
development that uses land, energy, and water efficiently and has a mix of residential, commercial, and
other uses.
Services
The Smart Growth Program helps communities improve their development practices and get the type of
development they want. The program works with local, state, and national experts to discover and
encourage successful, environmentally-sensitive development strategies. In addition, it coordinates
EPA's involvement in the Partnership for Sustainable Communities with HUD and DOT and works with
other federal agencies to provide technical assistance on development issues to communities.
Value to Low-Income Communities
Smart growth strategies improve quality of life, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save money for
residents and local governments, and can encourage economic development and revitalization that bring
new jobs, homes, and amenities. Smarter, more efficient development uses energy, water, and other
resources more efficiently, which can save money on household bills. Compact development can make it
easier for people to get to destinations in their neighborhood and in the region without a car. Reducing
the costs of transportation and energy reduces the overall cost of housing, which makes more homes
more affordable to low-income residents.
Possible State and Local Actions
Engage members of the community in all aspects of planning and development to ensure that new
development meets the needs of residents.
Provide a mix of housing and transportation options that are affordable to people of various income
levels.
Review land use ordinances to determine if they allow the community to get the type of development
it wants.
Encourage walking, bicycling, and transit use by making streets safe and comfortable for all users.
Encourage new development in infill and cleaned-up brownfield locations rather than on the fringe.
Build compactly and mix land uses so that homes, stores, services, and workplaces are close enough
together for people to walk or bike.
Tools/Resources
General Resources
Creating Equitable, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities: Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth,
Environmental Justice, and Equitable Development
Discusses land use and community design strategies that bring together smart growth, environmental
justice, and equitable development principles and that community-based organizations, local and
regional decision-makers, developers, and others can use to revitalize their communities.
Getting to Smart Growth, Volumes I and II
Each volume provides 100 concrete techniques for putting smart growth principles into action, along
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 31
-------
with resources and brief case studies of communities that have applied these approaches to achieve
better development. Also available in Spanish.
Our Built and Natural Environments: A Technical Review of the Interactions Between Land Use,
Transportation, and Environmental Quality (2nd Edition^)
Examines how development patterns affect the environment and human health and provides
evidence that certain kinds of land use and transportation strategies can reduce development
impacts.
Partnership for Sustainable Communities
Includes case studies, announcements of funding and technical assistance opportunities, and tools
and resources from EPA, HUD, and DOT.
Technical Assistance
Building Blocks for Sustainable Communities
Provides targeted assistance awarded through a competitive process to help communities with
specific tools that have proven effectiveness and wide applicability.
Greening America's Capitals
Provides assistance to state capital cities to develop a vision of environmentally friendly
neighborhoods that incorporate innovative green infrastructure strategies. Reports from past projects
are available on the website and may be helpful to communities interested in these strategies.
Governors Institute on Community Design
Helps governors and their staff make informed decisions about investments and policy decisions that
influence the economic health and physical development of their states. Run through a cooperative
agreement.
Local Foods, Local Places
Helps communities create more environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable places by
promoting local foods.
Smart Growth Implementation Assistance
Provides tailored, in-depth help to state, local, regional, and tribal governments that are seeking
innovative solutions to a development-related challenge. Reports from past projects are available on
the website and may be helpful to communities facing similar challenges.
Case Studies and Examples
National Award for Smart Growth Achievement
Provides write-ups of award winners, who provide models for other communities.
Smart Growth Illustrated
Offers examples of how smart growth techniques look in communities around the country.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 32
-------
This Is Smart Growth
Features 40 places around the country, from cities to suburbs to small towns to rural areas, that have
found success by implementing smart growth principles. Also available in Spanish.
Tools
Access to Jobs and Workers Via Transit Tool
Provides indicators of accessibility to destinations by public transit. Indicators summarize jobs
accessible by transit as well as workers, households, and population that can access the block group
via transit.
Flood Resilience Checklist
Can help communities identify ways to improve their resilience to flooding through policy and
regulatory tools, including conserving land, directing development to safer locations, and protecting
people and property in vulnerable settlements.
Smart Location Database
Nationwide geographic data resource for measuring location efficiency that can help measure the
built environment and transit accessibility of neighborhoods.
Sustainable Communities HotReport
A web-based tool that gives community leaders and residents a quick and easy way to determine
how well their community is performing on a variety of sustainability indicators, including
transportation, housing, economic development, income, and equity.
Sustainable Community Indicator Catalog
A catalogue of indicators to help communities measure progress toward their sustainability and equity
objectives.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 33
-------
Water
WaterSense
Services Offered
Analytical tools
Guidebooks/toolkits
EPA
Outreach support 1*1 f
W^TPT SPTI ^P
Matching buyers and sellers
Technical assistance
Relevant Sectors
Commercial
Education
Government
Public
Real Estate Development
Residential
Utility/Program Administrators
Website
www3.epa.gov/watersense
Contact
Veronica Blette
(866) 987-7367
watersense@epa.gov
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 34
-------
Description
WaterSense, a partnership program sponsored by EPA, seeks to protect the future of our nation's water
supply by offering people simple ways to use less water with water-efficient products, new homes, and
services. Since the program's inception in 2006, WaterSense has helped consumers save billions of
gallons of water and billions in water and energy bills.
Services
The WaterSense Program labels products that are independently certified to meet EPA's criteria to use
20 percent less water and perform as well as conventional models. The WaterSense label is currently
available on residential toilets, bathroom faucets and faucet accessories, showerheads, flushing urinals,
flushometer-valve toilets, pre-rinse spray valves, weather-based irrigation controllers, and single- and
multi-family homes. The WaterSense program also labels professional certification programs for
landscape irrigation professionals. These WaterSense labeled programs verify professional proficiency in
water-efficient irrigation system design, installation/maintenance, and auditing. The program also offers
a range of guidance and tools to help commercial and institutional facilities improve their water
efficiency.
Value to Low-Income Communities
Assisting low-income members of a community to decrease their water use by providing incentives for
WaterSense labeled products or promoting water-efficient behaviors can also help households lower
their water and energy bills. Water efficiency measures can reduce water treatment and infrastructure
costs by reducing the need to expand capacity, which may reduce water bills for customers. Saving
water also reduces greenhouse gases and air pollution by reducing the amount of energy needed to
transport, treat, and heat water.
Possible State and Local Actions
Partner with WaterSense for free access to tools, materials, and resources to promote water
efficiency.
Recommend, install, and or provide financial incentives for use of WaterSense labeled products or
water efficient practices.
Encourage water-smart landscapes and other actions to save water outdoors in public and private
spaces.
Offer technical training to builders about building water-efficient single and multi-family homes and
provide incentives for WaterSense labeled homes.
Encourage users of ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager to also track water through the tool.
Network with water efficiency leaders to learn new ways to implement water efficiency.
Participate in national outreach campaigns to help consumers save water.
Recommend irrigation professionals certified by WaterSense labeled programs for irrigation system
design, installation and audits.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 35
-------
Tools/Resources
Best management practices and other resources for the commercial and institutional sector.
List of WaterSense labeled products and irrigation partners.
Tips and practices for water-smart landscaping.
Tools to calculate water savings.
Water saving tips and messages to help understand how water is used and how it can be saved.
WaterSense resources for kids.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Low-Income Communities: A Guide to EPA Programs 36
-------
EPA430-F-16-001
JANUARY 2016
WWW.EPA.GOV/STATELOCALCLIMATE
x>EPA
B1RED
State and Local
Climate and Energy Program
------- |