x>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
             EPA-420-B-16-010
                 March 2016
                      Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks: Tier 0, Tier 1, National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV),
                                        and Clean Fuel Vehicle (CFV) Exhaust Emission Standards

Federal
Federal
NLEV
Federal
CFV
Vehicle
Type
LDV1'1''
LDT1 h'!'J
LDT2h'i'J
LDV '• r' s
LDT1 ''• '• s
LDT2 '• r' s
LDV h' '• s
LDT1 h' ''• s
LDT2 h' '• s
Emission
Category
TierO
TieM
Tier 0 P
TieM
Tier 0 P
TieM
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
TLEV
LEV
ULEV
ZEV
LEV
I LEV
ULEV
ZEV
LEV
I LEV
ULEV
ZEV
LEV
I LEV
ULEV
ZEV
Vehicle Useful Life
5 Years/ 50,000 Miles
THC a' b' °
(g/mi)
0.41
0.41 k
-
-
-
-
0.41 k
0.41 k
0.41 k
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
0.41 k
0.41 k
0.41 k
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
NMHCd
(g/mi)
0.34'
0.25
-
0.25
-
0.32
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
NMOG
(g/mi)
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.125 u'v
0.075 u'v
0.040U'V
0
0.125 u'v
0.075 u'v
0.040U'V
0
0.160 u'v
0.100 u'v
0.050 u'v
0
0.075 z
0.075
0.040 z
0
0.075 z
0.075
0.040 z
0
0.100 z
0.1
0.050 z
0
CO°'e
3.4
3.4
-
3.4
-
4.4
3.4
3.4
1.7
0
3.4
3.4
1.7
0
4.4
4.4
2.2
0
3.4
3.4
1.7
0
3.4
3.4
1.7
0
4.4
4.4
2.2
0
NOx
(g/mi)
1
0.4 m
-
0.4 m
-
0.7"
0.4 «
0.2W
02 «
0.0 w
0.4 «
02 «
02 «
0.0W
07 w
0.4 «
0.4 «
0.0 w
02 «
0.2W
02 «
0.0 w
02 «
02 «
02 «
0.0W
0.4 «
0.4 «
0.4 «
0.0 w
PMf
(g/mi)
0.20"
0.08
-
0.08
-
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0
0.08
0.08
0.08
0
0.08
0.08
0.08
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
HCHO
(g/mi)
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.015
0.015
0.008
0
0.015
0.015
0.008
0
0.018
0.018
0.009
0
0.015
0.015
0.015
0
0.015
0.015
0.008
0
0.018
0.018
0.009
0
10 Years/ 100,000 Miles
THC a' b
(g/mi)
-
-
0.8
0.80 k'P
0.8
0.80 k'P
-
-
-
0
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0
-
-
-
0
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0.80 k'P
0
NMHCd
(g/mi)
-
0.31
0.67'
0.31
0.67'
0.4
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
0
NMOG
(g/mi)
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.156 u'v
0.090U'V
0.055 u'v
0
0.156 u'v
0.090 u'v
0.055 u'v
0
0.200 u'v
0.130 u'v
0.070 u'v
0
0.090 z
0.090
0.055 z
0
0.090 z
0.090
0.055 z
0
0.130 z
0.13
0.070 z
0
COS
(g/mi)
-
4.2
10
4.2
10
5.5
4.2
4.2
2.1
0
4.2
4.2
2.1
0
5.5
5.5
2.8
0
4.2
4.2
2.1
0
4.2
4.2
2.1
0
5.5
5.5
2.8
0
NOx
(g/mi)
-
0.6°
1.2
0.6°
1.7
0.97
0.6 w
0.3W
0.3 w
0.0 w
0.6 w
0.3 w
0.3 w
0.0W
0.9 w
0.5 w
0.5 w
0.0 w
0.3 w
0.3W
0.3 w
0.0 w
0.3 w
0.3 w
0.3 w
0.0W
0.5 w
0.5 w
0.5 w
0.0 w
PMf
(g/mi)
-
0.1
0.26"
0.1
0.13"
0.1
0.08 x
0.08 x
0.04 x
0
0.08 x
0.08 x
0.04 x
0
0.10X
0.10X
0.05 x
0
0.08 aa
0.08 aa
0.04 aa
0
0.08 aa
0.08 aa
0.04 aa
0
0.08 aa
0.08 aa
0.04 aa
0
HCHO
(g/mi)
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.018
0.018
0.011
0
0.018
0.018
0.011
0
0.023
0.023
0.013
0
0.018
0.018
0.011
0
0.018
0.018
0.011
0
0.023
0.023
0.013
0
Notes on following page.

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Notes:
Tests Covered:

Effective Model Year:
Federal Test Procedure (FTP), cold carbon monoxide (CO),
highway, and idle
1981 -1993, Tier 0
1994-1999, Tier 1
1999-2003, NLEV
1999-Present, CFV
a   Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) for methanol vehicles.
b   Does not apply to compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles.
c   Certification short test emissions from gasoline vehicles shall not exceed 100 parts
    per million (ppm) HC or 0.5 percent exhaust gas CO at idle and 2500 revolutions
    per minute (rpm) at 4,000 miles; compliance statement allowed in lieu of data.
d   THCE for Tier 0 methanol vehicles, non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE)
    for other alcohol vehicles.
e   Cold CO emissions for gasoline fueled vehicles shall not exceed 10.0 grams per
    mile (g/mi) for light-duty vehicles (LDV) and light-duty trucks 1 [LDT1 ], or 12.5 g/mi
    for LDT2, LDT3, & LDT4 at 50,000 miles.
f   Particulates compliance statement allowed for non-diesel cycle vehicles (in lieu of
    supplying acutal test data).
g   Idle CO emissions from gasoline, methanol, CNG,  and liquified petroleum gas
    trucks shall not exceed 0.50 percent exhaust gas at 120,000 miles or 11 years;
    compliance statement allowed in lieu of actual test data.
h   Federal On-board diagnostics (OBD) system required beginning with 1994 model
    year vehicles.
i   Tier 1, NLEV & CFV vehicles must meet Tier 1  emission standards at high
    altitude; Tier 0 vehicles must meet special high altitude standards; compliance
    statement allowed in lieu of actual test data.
j   Tier 0 and Tier 1 emission  standards do not apply to ethanol vehicles.
k   Total hydrocarbon (THC); compliance  statement allowed in lieu of acutal test data.
I    CNG vehicles only.
m  1.0 for diesel-fueled vehicles through 2003 model year.
n   Diesel-fueled vehicles only.
o   1.25 for diesel-fueled vehicles through 2003 model year.
p   Standards apply at a useful life of 11 years or 120,000 miles.
q   Does not apply to diesel-fueled vehicles.
r   California OBD-II system required.
s   NLEV and CFV (LDV, LDT1, LDT2) vehicles must meet special 50 degrees Fahr-
    enheit emission standards at 4,000 miles (not applicable to diesel, CNG, or hybride
    electric vehicles).
t    Special interim in-use emission standards apply to 1999 Low Emission Vehicles
    (LEV) and 1999-2002 Ultra-Low Emission Vehicles (ULEV).
u   Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) for diesel cycle vehicles.
v   Dual and flexible fuel vehicles may meet less stringent non-methane organic gas
    (NMOG) standard when operating on gasoline.
w  Highway nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions shall not exceed 1.33 times the appli-
    cable FTP (city) NOx standards.
x   0.10 g/mi particulate matter (PM) standard applies to non-diesel vehicles.
y   Special evaporative requirements apply (5.0 grams maximum with the evaporative
    system disconnected).
z   Special NMOG standards apply to dual and flexible fuel vehicles.
aa  Diesel-fueled vehicles only.

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)  citations:
•    40CFR86SubpartA
    40 CFR 86 Subpart R - National Low Emission Vehicle program

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