&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
            EPA-420-B-16-022
                March 2016
                  Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines: Exhaust Emission Standards

Federal
Rated
Power
(kW)
kW<8
8
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Federal
Rated
Power
(kW)
130  900
Tier
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
1
2
4
Model
Year
1996-
2002
2003-
2005
2006-
2010
2011-
201 3 h
2014+ '
1996-
2000
2001-
2005
2006-
2010
2011-
201 3 h
2014+ '
1996-
2001
2002-
2005
2006-
2010
2011-
201 3 h
2014+ '
2000-
2005
2006-
2010
2011-
2014
2015+ ''
2000-
2005
2006-
2010
2011-
2014
2015+ ''
NMHC
(g/kW-hr)
1.3'
-
-
-
0.19
1.3'
-
-
-
0.19
1.3'
-
-
-
0.19
1.3'
-
0.40
0.19
1.3'
-
0.40
0.19
NMHC +
NOx
(g/kW-hr
-
6.6
4.0
4.0
-
-
6.4
4.0
4.0
-
-
6.4
4.0
4.0
-
-
6.4
-
-
-
6.4
-
-
NOx
(g/kW-hr
9.2
-
-
-
0.40
9.2
-
-
-
0.40
9.2
-
-
-
0.40
9.2
-
3.5
3.5 k
9.2
-
3.5 k
3.5 k
PM
(g/kW-hr
0.54
0.20
0.20
0.02
0.02
0.54
0.20
0.20
0.02
0.02
0.54
0.20
0.20
0.02
0.02
0.54
0.20
0.10
0.04'
0.54
0.20
0.10
0.04'
CO
(g/kW-hr)
11.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
11.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
11.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
11.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
11.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
Smoke a
(Percentage)
20/15/50
Useful
Life
(hours
/years) b
8,000/10
Warranty
Period
(hours
/years) b
3,000/5
Notes on following page.

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Notes:
    For Tier 1, 2, and 3 standards, exhaust emissions of nitrogen
    oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC),
    and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) are measured using
    the procedures in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part
    89 Subpart E. For Tier 1, 2, and 3 standards, particulate
    matter (PM) exhaust emissions are measured using the
    California Regulations for New 1996 and Later Heavy-Duty
    Off-Road Diesel  Cycle Engines.
    For Tier 4 standards, engines are tested for transient and
    steady-state exhaust emissions using the procedures in 40
    CFR Part 1039 Subpart F. Transient standards do not apply to
    engines below 37 kilowatts (kW) before the 2013 model year,
    constant-speed engines, engines certified to Option 1, and
    engines above 560 kW.
    Tier 2 and later model  naturally aspirated nonroad engines
    shall not discharge crankcase emissions into the atmosphere
    unless these emissions are permanently routed into the
    exhaust. This prohibition does not apply to  engines using
    turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers.
    In lieu of the Tier 1, 2, and 3 standards for NOX, NMHC +
    NOX, and PM, manufacturers may elect to  participate in the
    averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program described in
    40 CFR Part 89 Subpart C.
    Smoke emissions may not exceed 20 percent during the
    acceleration mode, 15 percent during the lugging  mode, and
    50 percent during the peaks in either mode. Smoke emission
    standards do not apply to single-cylinder engines, constant-
    speed engines, or engines certified to a PM emission stan-
    dard of 0.07 grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kW-hr) or lower.
    Smoke emissions are measured using procedures in 40 CFR
    Part 86 Subpart  I.
    Useful life and warranty period are expressed hours and
    years, whichever comes first.
    Hand-startable air-cooled direct injection engines  may option-
    ally meet a PM standard of 0.60 g/kW-hr. These engines may
    optionally meet Tier 2 standards through the 2009 model
    years. In 2010 these engines are  required to meet a PM
    standard of 0.60 g/kW-hr.
    Useful life for constant speed engines with  rated speed 3,000
    revolutions per minute (rpm) or higher is 5 years or 3,000
    hours, whichever comes first.
e   Warranty period for constant speed engines with rated speed
    3,000 rpm or higher is 2 years or 1,500 hours, whichever
    comes first.
f   These Tier 3 standards apply only to manufacturers selecting
    Tier 4 Option 2. Manufacturers selecting Tier 4 Option 1 will
    be meeting those standards in lieu of Tier 3 standards.
g   A manufacturer may certify all their engines to either Option 1
    or Option 2 sets of standards starting in the indicated model
    year. Manufacturers selecting Option 2 must meet Tier 3
    standards in the 2008-2011  model years.
h   These standards are phase-out standards. Not more than 50
    percent of a manufacturer's engine production is allowed to
    meet these standards in each model year of the phase out
    period. Engines not meeting these standards must meet the
    final Tier 4 standards.
i   These standards are phased in during the indicated years.
    At least 50 percent of a manufacturer's engine production
    must meet these standards  during each year of the phase in.
    Engines not meeting these standards must meet the
    applicable phase-out standards.
j   For Tier 1 engines the standard is for total hydrocarbons.
k   The NOx standard for generator sets is 0.67 g/kW-hr.
I   The PM standard for generator sets is 0.03 g/kW-hr.
Citations: Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) citations:
    40 CFR 89.112 = Exhaust emission standards
    40 CFR 1039.101 = Exhaust emission standards for after
    2014 model year
    40 CFR 1039.102 = Exhaust emission standards for model
    year 2014 and earlier
    40 CFR 1039  Subpart F = Exhaust emissions transient and
    steady state test procedures
    40 CFR 86 Subpart I = Smoke emission test procedures
    40 CFR 1065  = Test equipment and emissions measurement
    procedures

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