oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-B-16-027
March 2016
Nonroad Recreational Engines and Vehicles: Exhaust Emission Standards
Federal
Vehicle
Snowmobiles °
Off-highway
motorcycles g
ATVss
Phase
1 d
2
3e
1 d
1 d
Year
2006+
2010-
2011
2012+
2006+
2006+
HCa
g/kW-hr
100
[AST]
75
[AST]
150 f
[AST]
-
-
HC +
NOx
g/km
-
-
-
2.0 h'!
[AST]
1.5 i'k
[AST]
CO
g/kW-hr
275
[AST]
275
[AST]
400 f
[AST]
-
-
g/km
-
-
-
25h'i
[AST]
35 k
[AST]
Minimum Useful Life
(hours/years/km) b
400/5/8,000
> 70 cc Displacement:
-75/10,000
< 70 cc Displacement:
-/ 5/5,000
> 100 cc Displacement:
1000/5/10,000
< 100 cc Displacement:
500/5/5,000
Warranty Period
(hours/months/km) b
200/30/4,000
> 70 cc Displacement:
-/ 30/5,000
< 70 cc Displacement:
-/ 30/2,500
> 100 cc Displacement:
500/30/5,000
< 100 cc Displacement:
250/30/2,500
Notes:
The numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons (HC)
must be met based on the following types of hydrocarbon
emissions for recreational engines and vehicles powered
by the following fuels: (1) non-methane hydrocarbons for
natural gas; (2) total hydrocarbon equivalent for alcohol;
and (3) total hydrocarbons for other fuels.
Useful life is expressed in hours, years, or kilometers,
whichever comes first; warranty period is expressed in
hours, months, or kilometers (km), whichever comes first.
Nonroad recreational engines and vehicles must meet
emission standards over their full useful life. A longer
useful life in terms of km and hours must be specified for
the engine family if the average service life is longer than
the minimum value as described in 40 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) 1051 Subpart B.
Test procedures for snowmobiles use the equipment and
procedures for spark-ignition engines in 40 CFR Part
1065.
Phase 1 standards will be phased in: 50 percent by 2006,
100 percent by 2007.
Litigation on the November 2002 final rule resulted in a
court decision that requires EPA to clarify the evidence
and analysis upon which the Phase 3 carbon monoxide
(CO) and HC standards were based. EPA will address this
in a future rulemaking.
These are the maximum allowable family emission limits
(FEL). The HC and CO standards are defined by a func-
tional relationship as described in 40 CFR 1051.103(a)(2).
g For off-highway motorcycles and ATVs, chassis dynamom-
eter emissions test procedures are specified in 40 CFR
Part 86, Subpart F and engine dynamometer emissions
test procedures are specified in 40 CFR Part 1065.
h Maximum allowable FEL: 20.0 grams per kilometer (g/
km) for HC plus nitrogen oxides (NOx) and 50 g/km for
CO.
i Manufacturers may certify off-highway motorcycles with
engines that have total displacement of 70 cubic centime-
ters (cc) or less to an HC+NOx standard of 16.1 grams
per kilowatt-hour (g/kW-hr) (with an FEL cap of 32.2 g/
kW-hr) and a CO standard of 519 g/kW-hr.
j Maximum allowable FEL for HC+NOx is 20.0
g/km.
k Manufacturers may certify all-terrain vehicles with en-
gines that have total displacement of less than 100 cc to
an HC+NOx standard of 25.0 g/KW-hr (with an FEL cap
of 40.0 g/kW-hr) and a CO standard of 500 g/kW-hr.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) citations:
40 CFR 1051.101-115 = Emission standards
40 CFR 1051.120 = Warranty requirements
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