ŁEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
EPA-420-B-16-028
March 2016
Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines 19 Kilowatts and Below: Exhaust Emission Standards
Federal d
Phase
1
2
3
Class a
I
II
III
IV
V
I
I-A
I-B
II
III
IV
V
I
II
III-V
Year
1997+
1997+
1997+
1997+
1998+
2003+ e
2001 +
2001 +
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005+
2002
2003
2004
2005+
2002
2003
2004
2005+
2004
2005
2006
2007+
2012
2011
HC
(g/kW-hr)
-
-
295
241
161
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HC + NOx b
(g/kW-hr)
16.1
13.4
-
-
-
16.1 [ABT]
50 [ABT]
40 [ABT]
18.0 [ABT]
16.6 [ABT]
15.0 [ABT]
13.6 [ABT]
12.1 [ABT]
238.0 [ABT]
175.0 [ABT]
11 3.0 [ABT]
50.0 [ABT]
196.0 [ABT]
148.0 [ABT]
99.0 [ABT]
50.0 [ABT]
143.0 [ABT]
11 9.0 [ABT]
96.0 [ABT]
72.0 [ABT]
1 0.0 h [ABT]
8.0 h [ABT]
NMHC + NOx
0 (g/kW-hr)
-
-
-
-
-
14.8 [ABT]
-
37 [ABT]
16.7 [ABT]
15.3 [ABT]
14.0 [ABT]
12.7 [ABT]
11. 3 [ABT]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NOx
(g/kW-hr)
-
-
5.36
5.36
5.36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CO
(g/kW-hr)
519
519
805
805
603
610
610
805
805
603
610
(5.0 for marine
generator
engines)
610
(5.0 for marine
generator
engines)
Useful Life (hours)
Engines must meet the Phase 1
standards as new engines, but are not
required to meet these standards
throughout their useful life.
125/250/500'
50/125/300'
125/250/500'
250/500/1000'
50/125/300'
50/125/300'
50/125/300
Extended
Residential ] Life
Residential '
125 250
250 500
f
Commercial ]
500
1,000
Warranty Period
(years)
2
29
2 years g
The Phase 3 exhaust standards are the same as the long-term Phase 2 exhaust standards noted above.
Notes on following page.
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Notes:
a The engine classes are determined by engine displacement:
Phase
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Nonhandheld
Class kW<225cc
Class I-A < 66 cc
66 < Class I-B < 100 cc
Class I < 225 cc
Class II >225 cc
1 00 < Class I <225cc
Class II >225cc
Class II >225 cc
Handheld
Class III <20 cc
20 cc < Class IV < 50 cc
Class V > 50 cc
Any engines certified to the nonhandheld emission standards in 40 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) 1054.105 may be used in either handheld or nonhandheld equip-
ment. Engines greater than 80 cubic centimeters (cc) certified to the handheld emission
standards in 40 CFR 1054.103 may not be used in nonhandheld equipment. Engines
less than or equal to 80 cc are considered handheld engines, but may be installed in
either handheld or nonhandheld equipment.
b Non-methan hydrocarbon (NMHC) plus nitrogen oxides (NOx) standards are ap-
plicable only to natural gas fueled engines at the option of the manufacturer, in lieu
of HC+NOx standards.
c The NMHC+NOx standard is an optional standard for natural gas-fueled engines
only.
d The engines that are covered by or exempt from these standards are defined in
40 CFR 90.1 and 1054.1. Engines less than or equal to 30 kilowatts (kW) and that
have a total displacement of 1,000 cc or less may certify to the Class II engine
standards for the appropriate model year. The test procedures are the small spark-
ignition (SI) engine federal steady-state test procedures. They consist of a 6-mode
test for nonhandheld engines and a 2-mode test for handheld engines.
e The effective date is August 1, 2007; in addition, any Class I engine family initially
produced on or after August 1, 2003 must meet the Phase 2 Class I standards
before they may be introduced into commerce.
f Manufacturers certify for the useful life category which most closely approximates
the expected useful life of the equipment into which the engines will be installed.
Engines with gross power output greater than 19 kWthat have an engine displace-
ment less than or equal to 1 liter that optionally certify under 40 CFR Part 90 must
certify to a useful life period of 1,000 hours.
g For Phase 2 and Phase 3 handheld engines, EPA may establish a shorter warranty
period for handheld engines subject to severe service in seasonal equipment if EPA
determines that these engines are likely to operate for a number of hours greater
than the applicable useful life within 24 months.
h The Phase 3 numerical emission standards for HC must be met based on the
following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the following
fuels: (1) total hydrocarbon equivalent for alcohol; (2) non-methane hydrocarbon for
natural gas; and (3) total hydrocarbons for other fuels.
i The useful life period is the number of engine operating hours listed in the table that
most closely matches the expected median in-use life of the engines as described
in 40 CFR 1054.107. The minimum useful life period for engines with maximum
engine power above 19kW is 1,000 hours. For nonhandheld engines, a longer use-
ful life may be selected in 100 hour increments not to exceed 3,000 hours for Class
I engines or 5,000 hours for Class II engines.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Citations:
40 CFR 90.103 = Phases 1 & 2 exhaust emission standards
• 40 CFR 90.105 = Phase 2 useful life
40 CFR 90.1103 = Phases 1 & 2 warranty period
40 CFR 90 Subpart C = ABT programs
40 CFR 1054.103 + 1054.105 = Phase 3 exhaust emission standards
• 40 CFR 1054.107 = Phase 3 useful life
40 CFR 1054.120 = Phase 3 warranty requirements
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