Office of Atmospheric Programs
Climate Protection Partnerships
2014 Annual Report
SEFW CENTER FOR CORPORATE
CLIMATE
LEADERSHIP
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
SEPA COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER PARTNERSHIP
State and Local
Climate and Energy Program
U.S. EPA
Coalbed Methane
A /OUTREACH PROGRAM ^B LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM 7
CERTIFIED PRODUCTS 7
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR 12
COMMERCIAL SECTOR 14
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 15
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS 18
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP (GPP) 19
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP (CHPP) 20
METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS 21
NATURAL GAS STAR 21
AGSTAR 22
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (LMOP) 23
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (CMOP) 25
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS 26
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP) 27
SFfi EMISSIONS REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS (EPS) 27
b
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL PROGRAM (RAD) 28
GREENCHILL PARTNERSHIP 29
CROSS-CUTTING EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS 30
CENTER FOR CORPORATE CLIMATE LEADERSHIP 30
STATE AND LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM 31
MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY 32
APPENDIX 40
A: AWARDS 40
B: LIST OF FIGURES 44
C: LIST OF TABLES 45
D: REFERENCES 46
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LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
REFLECTING ON 2014 CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP ACHIEVEMENTS
Climate change is one of the most important issues we face. It's a global challenge, a local challenge, and it's
personal to all of us. It affects our kids, our communities, and our ability to earn a decent living. Science clearly
shows that climate change is driven in large part by carbon pollution, and it leads to more extreme heat, cold,
storms, fires, and floods.
Forfarmers strained by drought, forfamilies with homes in the path of a wildfire, and for small businesses along
our coastlines, climate change is indeed very personal. And carbon pollution comes packaged with smog-
forming pollutants that can lead to lung and heart disease that directly threaten our kids' health. So no matter
who you are, where you live, or what you care about, climate change is affecting you and your family today.
That's why the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is implementing President Obama's Climate Action
Plan to cut the carbon pollution that fuels climate change, prepare U.S. communities for its impacts, and lead
international efforts to address global climate change. Under this plan, EPA has taken critical steps forward,
including in August 2015, finalizing our historic Clean Power Plan to cut carbon pollution from power plants—
our nation's biggest driver of climate change. The Clean Power Plan is an opportunity to modernize our power
sector and build a low-carbon economy that will fuel growth for decades to come. At the same time, we're improving the fuel efficiency of our
cars and trucks, cutting energy waste in half by 2030, and leveraging new opportunities to reduce pollution from highly potent greenhouse gases,
such as hydrofluorocarbons and methane.
The story of energy progress is already being written by companies across America that are proud to partner with EPA, including our Office of
Atmospheric Programs. Our partners are choosing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, cut wasted energy, and save money, all while helping
achieve the goals of the Clean Power Plan. Here's a sample of the impressive achievements already realized as of 2014:
• With the help of ENERGY STAR, more than 283 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions (see Table 1, pg. 3) were prevented in 2014
alone, providing more than $11 billion in benefits to society.
• Since the Green Power Partnership was introduced in 2001, more than 1,200 organizations have committed to using more than 33 billion
kilowatt-hours of clean, renewable green power each year.
• More than 480 partners have installed more than 6,800 megawatts of new combined heat and power since the Combined Heat and Power
Partnership launched in 2001.
• In 2014, the EPA's methane and fluorinated greenhouse gas program partners prevented emissions equal to the annual electricity use from
more than 13 million homes.
• In total, more than 19,000 organizations and millions of Americans partnered with the EPA through the Office of Atmospheric Programs'
climate partnerships and produced significant environmental benefits, including preventing more than 416 million metric tons of greenhouse
gas emissions, equal to the annual electricity use of more than 57 million homes.
Together with our partners in cities, states, communities, businesses, and stakeholder groups across the country, we have already achieved
meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and we have high expectations for continued success. Like so many other environmental
challenges, climate change can't be addressed by government action alone. Everyone has a voice at the table and a role to play in bringing about
a healthier environment, a cleaner economy, and a strongerfuture.
We look forward to building on the success of these partnerships to address climate change through comprehensive, common-sense actions
that benefit the planet and all Americans today and for generations to come.
Sincerely,
Gina McCarthy
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overwhelmingly, the best scientists in the world, relying on troves of data and millions of measurements
collected overthe course of decades on land, in air and water, at sea and from space, are telling us that our
activities are causing climate change.
The most vulnerable among us—including children, older adults, people with heart or lung disease and
people living in poverty—may be most at riskfrom the impacts of climate change.
Taking action now is critical. Driving investment in clean energy technology and strategies that reduce
carbon dioxide (C02), is an essential step in lessening the impacts of climate change and providing a more
certain future for our health, our environment, and future generations.
In orderto successfully change the course of this global threat, we can join together and bring residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors into the fold. Successful partnerships between EPA and various public
and private organizations have already been working to change the world through practical, cost-effective
means of reducing GHG emissions. Cutting-edge technological innovation combined with collaboration
between manufacturers, utilities, retailers, businesses, and individuals represents our greatest hope for a
cleaner, greener future.
Since 1992, EPA has worked with its climate protection partners to dismantle market barriers by
developing tools, offering technical assistance, and sharing best practices. The success of these efforts
is undeniable—year after year, the investments made by these partnerships drive significant reductions in
GHG emissions. Additionally, because of these successes, the market today has created jobs, stimulated the
economy, and is more hospitable to climate-protection initiatives than it was more than 20 years ago when
the programs started. EPA and its partners continue to make headway into new terrain and transform the
market through significant investments in energy efficiency, clean energy technology, and other climate-
friendly practices.
In 2014, EPA's climate protection partnerships produced impressive results.1 More than 19,000 organizations
across the United States partnered with EPA to reduce emissions and achieve significant environmental and
economic benefits (see Table 1)2:
Preventing more than 416 million metric tons of U.S. GHG emissions (in MMTC02e) (see Figure 2,
pg. 5)—equivalent to the emissions from the annual electricity use of over 57 million homes—providing
over $16 billion in benefits to society due to reducing damages from climate change.3
Reducing net energy bills by more than $31 billion and reductions in methane emissions valued at
$7.7 billion in 2014 alone.
Investing over $165 billion in energy-efficient technologies and practices through 2014.
Preventing more than 4,100 MMTC02e of GHG emissions cumulatively due to investments made through
2014.
This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions attributable to regulatory programs, such
as the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program, nor other voluntary climate programs operated by other EPA offices which are also part of EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions across active programs in the buildings and industrial sectors to exceed 909 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCQ2e} in 2014.
Benefits include domestic GHG reductions only. In addition, Global Methane Initiative supported projects reduced international methane emissions by approximately 33 MMTC02e in 2014.
Societal benefits are based on the social cost of carbon, which monetizes the damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year, including (butnot limited to) changes in net
agricultural productivity, human health, property damages from increased flood risk, and the value of ecosystem services. $12.5 billion and $3.7 billion of the societal benefits are from C02 and non-C02 emissions,
respectively. The non-CQ2 emissions were converted to C02-equivalents, assuming global warming potentials from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 1. Summary of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs' Benefits and Goals (in Billions of 2014 Dollars and MMTC02e)
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
(BILLIONS)1
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:
GHG EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTC02e)
ANNUAL GOALS: GHG
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTC02e)
ANNUAL CUMULATIVE ANNUAL CUMULATIVE
BENEFITS FOR BENEFITS BENEFITS FOR BENEFITS
PROGRAM 2014 (1992-2014) 2014 (1992-2014) 2015 GOALS 2020 GOALS
ENERGY STAR
Program Total
Products and Homes
Buildings
Industrial
Energy Supply Programs
Methane Programs2
Fluorinated GHG Programs3
$31.5
$20.5
$7.6
$3.4
-
$7.7
-
$362.0
$208.7
$122.9
$30.5
-
$247.4
-
283.2
149.0
93.2
41.0
37.1
76.4
19.6
2,480.8
1,112.2
974.2
394.4
263.2
1,139.4
232.8
217.4
116.8
75.0
25.6
44.0
58.7
14.3
275.1
145.0
93.5
36.6
73.3
62.1
19.1
TOTAL - - 416.3 4,116.2 334.4 429.6
Note: Information listed in this table and provided in this report includes partnership programs within EPA's Office of Atmospheric Programs. For more information on EPA's other climate
partnership programs, see www.epa.gov/cliinatechange/EPAactivities/voluntaryprograins.html. See the Measuring Results chapter (pg. 321 for the methodologies used to calculate annual and
cumulative benefits and goals.
' The economic benefits for the ENERGY STAR Program represent the present value of the estimated net energy bill savings for consumers and businesses. Net energy bill savings are the
difference between total consumer energy bill savings and the incremental additional investment in energy-efficient technologies and services. The economic benefits for the Methane
Programs represent the present value of the estimated value of gas mitigated.
2 Program goals include only direct GHG emissions reductions. In 2014, Methane programs accounted for over 67MMTC02e of direct GHG emissions reductions.
3 Includes the VoluntaryAluminum Industrial Partnership, SFe Emissions Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems, Responsible Appliance Disposal Program, and GreenChill
Partnership.
-: Not applicable
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2014
Promoting Energy Efficiency Through ENERGY STAR
Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR® program has served as a trusted resource for voluntary standards and unbiased information for products, homes,
commercial buildings, and industrial plants to help consumers, government, organizations, and businesses across the country adopt energy-efficient
products and practices as cost-effective strategies for reducing
GHG emissions and protecting our climate. Through ENERGY STAR,
EPA continues to promote energy efficiency across the residential,
Cost Effectiveness of the ENERGY STAR Program
commercial, and industrial sectors.
helped Americans:
12014, EPA's ENERGY STAR efforts
• Save more than 360 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)—about 5 percent
of U.S. electricity demand.
• Prevent more than 283 million metric tons of GHGs—equivalent to
the annual electricity use of 38 million homes (see Figure 1, pg. 4).
• Save more than $31 billion on their energy bills.
EPA's ENERGY STAR is a highly cost-effective program that helps
Americans reduce greenhouse gas emissions while saving energy and
money. Since 2000:
• For every incremental dollar Americans invested in energy
efficiency through ENERGY STAR, they saved, on average, $4.50
on their energy bills and prevented more than 35 pounds of
greenhouse gas emissions.
• For every metric ton of greenhouse gas emissions reduced
through ENERGY STAR, Americans saved more than $145 on
their energy bills.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
FIGURE 1. ENERGY STAR Annual Benefits
400
350
§ 300
£=
O
1 250
05
-| 200
CD
CO
S 150
CD
LLJ
-55 100
< 50
300
S~ 25°
I—
^
^
7T 200
!=
g
"I 15°
cc
% 100
null
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Transforming the Energy Supply Marketplace
EPA's Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs—the Green
Power Partnership and the Combined Heat and Power Partnership
(CHPP)—are designed to increase the nation's supply of clean energy
and accelerate the adoption of clean energy supply technologies
throughout the United States. Since 2001, both programs have provided
technical assistance and recognized significant leadership in end-
use efficiency and use of renewable energy. By engaging more than
1,290 partners in the purchase of about 33.6 billion kWh of green
power annually and more than 480 partners in the installation of more
than 6,800 megawatts (MW) of new CHP capacity, the energy supply
programs reduced GHG emissions by over
37 MMTC02e in 2014 alone.
Reducing Methane Emissions and Recovering
an Energy Resource
Methane (CH4) is both a potent GHG and a highly desirable clean fuel.
EPA's methane programs continued to reduce emissions—from landfills,
agriculture (manure management), oil and natural gas systems, and coal
mines—and develop projects to recover and use the methane whenever
feasible. The programs avoided GHG emissions of 76.4 MMTC02e in
2014, exceeding their reduction goals.
Reducing Fluorinated GHG Emissions
Many of the fluorinated gases—including chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are extremely
powerful and persistent GHGs. The combined efforts of the fluorinated
GHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions
below baseline levels. Together in 2014, these programs avoided
19.6 MMTCCLe of GHG emissions.
Facilitating Cross-Cutting Emissions
Reductions Programs
EPA launched the Center for Corporate Climate Leadership as a resource
for all organizations interested in measuring and managing their GHG
emissions. The Center works with non-governmental organization
partners to recognize superior climate achievements through the Climate
Leadership Awards. EPA also works with state and local governments
to overcome barriers that can limit the development of energy efficiency
and clean energy policies that reduce emissions. In 2014, EPA continued
to support the 50 Climate Showcase Communities and promote the
lessons learned from pilot projects to other communities.
Honoring Partner Accomplishments
EPA recognized the accomplishments of many outstanding partners in its
climate protection partnership programs with the following awards:
• ENERGY STAR Awards
• Green Power Leadership Awards
• ENERGY STAR CHPP Awards
• Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
• GreenChill Achievement Awards
A list of the 2014 award winners can be found in Appendix A on page 40.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
FIGURE 2. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 416 MMTCO.e
I I I
,,,1111
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
| Total FGHG Savings
| Total CH4 Savings
| Total CO Savings
The 2014 Annual Report
The partnership programs within EPA's Office of Atmospheric Programs continue to advance GHG reduction goals and deliver significant
benefits. This annual report presents detailed information on EPA's 2014 efforts within each of the partnerships summarized in Table 2, page 6.
Individual program sections include a program overview, environmental and economic benefits achieved in 2014, and summaries of the major
tools and resources offered by the program.
EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-established methods to estimate the benefits of its climate
partnerships. Specific approaches vary by program strategy, sector, availability of data, and market characteristics. These methods are
documented in the Measuring Results section of the report on page 32.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
TABLE 2. Summary of GAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs
2014
EMISSIONS
START NUMBER OF REDUCTIONS
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION DATE PARTNERS (MMTCO.e) WEBSITE
ENERGY STAR
Green Power Partnership
(GPP)
Helps businesses and individuals save money and protect
our climate through superior energy efficiency in the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
Encourages organizations to use green power as a way
to reduce the environmental impacts associated with
conventional electricity use.
Promotes increased use of combined heat and power.
Combined Heat& Power a cleaner and more efficient alternative to separately
Partnership (CHPP) produced electricity and thermal energy, such as steam
Natural Gas STAR
AgSTAR
Landfill Methane
Outreach Program
(LMOP)
Coalbed Methane
Outreach Program
(CMOP)
Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership
(VAIP)
SF6 Reduction
Partnership for Electric
Power Systems (EPS)
Responsible Appliance
Disposal Program (RAD)
GreenChill Partnership
State and Local Climate
and Energy Program
Center for Corporate
Climate Leadership
and hot water.
Collaborates with oil and natural gas companies, designed
to spur the adoption of cost-effective technologies and
practices that reduce methane emissions.
Provides tools and information to the nation's agriculture
industry to reduce methane emissions by promoting the
use of biogas recovery systems to manage animal waste.
Provides technical assistance to both smaller landfills
not covered by EPA regulations and larger, regulated
operations that a re combusting their gas but not yet using
it as a clean energy source.
Works cooperatively with the coal mining industry to
reduce methane emissionsfrom coal mining activities.
Facilitates reductions of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions
from aluminum production.
Shares information with electric power companies
regarding best practices and cost-effective operational
improvements to actively address climate change.
Partners with utilities, retailers, and manufacturers to
help protect the ozone layer and reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases through environmentally-conscious
recycling practices.2
Collaborates with the supermarket industry to transition
to environmentally friendlier refrigerants and adopt green
refrigeration technologies and best practices.2
Helps state and local governments develop policies and
programs that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
lower energy costs, improve air quality and public health.
and help achieve economic development goals.
Serves as a resource centerfor all organizations looking
to expand their work in the area of GHG measurement and
management.
1992
2001
2001
1993
1994
1994
1994
1995
1999
2006
2007
iqqn
1 oou
2012
16,000
1,292
480
134
25
1,100'
-
3
87
54
23
—
283.2
37.1
25.6
1.2
39.5
10.1
6.5
5.5
0.2
7.4
—
www.energystar.gov
www.epa.gov/greenpower
www.epa.gov/chp
www.epa.gov/gasstar
www.epa.gov/agstar
www.epa.gov/lmop
www.epa.gov/cmop
www.epa.gov/highgwp/
aluminum-pfc
www.epa.gov/highgwp/
electric power-sf6
www.epa.gov/rad
www.epa.gov/greenchill
www.epa.gov/
statelocalclimate
www.epa.gov/
climateleadership
' Includes partners and endorsers.
2 The GHGs addressed by RAD and GreenChill include HFCs. The numbers reflected do not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of
2.1 MMTCOe for the RAD Program and 1.7 MMTCOe for the GreenChill Partnership.
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ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR(
ENERGY STAR
LEARN MORE AT
energystar.gov
Advancements in energy-efficient products, practices, and services help individuals and organizations
protect the climate and public health while strengthening the economy. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) supports innovative environmental solutions through public-private partnerships such as
ENERGY STAR. Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR program has reduced GHG emissions with real-world, cost-
effective approaches. Together with its partners, ENERGY STAR continues to drive energy waste reductions
and advance markets for widespread energy efficiency throughout the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors.
ENERGY STAR is a key part of EPA's ongoing efforts to develop national programs, policies, and regulations
for reducing air pollution. ENERGY STAR is the simple choice for energy efficiency. Behind each blue label
is a product, building, or home that is independently certified to use less energy and cause fewer of the
emissions that contribute to climate change. Today, with awareness at more than 85 percent, ENERGY STAR
is a widely recognized symbol for energy efficiency, helping families and businesses save $362 billion on
utility bills, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 2.4 billion metric tons since 1992.
In 2014, millions of consumers and 16,000 partners tapped the value of ENERGY STAR and achieved
impressive financial and environmental results. Their investments in energy-efficient technologies and
practices reduced utility bills by more than $31 billion and will continue to provide cost savings for years
to come. Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, prevented more than 283 million metric tons of GHG
emissions (see Fig. 1) in 2014 alone—providing over $11 billion in benefits to society due to reducing
damages from climate change.
ENERGY STAR Certified Products
As the simple choice for energy efficiency, ENERGY STAR makes it easy
for consumers and businesses to purchase products that save them money
and protect the environment. EPA remains focused on maintaining program
integrity, while expanding ENERGY STAR'S role as a trusted resource in
the fight against climate change. In 2014, Americans purchased more than
320 million products that earned the ENERGY STAR label across more
than 70 product categories (see Table 3, pg. 8) for a cumulative total of
more than 5.2 billion ENERGY STAR certified products purchased since the
program began (see Figure 3). Certified products—including appliances,
heating and cooling equipment, consumer electronics, office equipment,
lighting, commercial food service, data center equipment, and more—offer
consumers savings of as much as 70 percent relative to standard models,
while providing the features and functionality they expect.
Achievements in 2014
Keeping ENERGY STAR Requirements Up To Date
EPA updated performance requirements for clothes washers, set-top
boxes, windows/doors/skylights, residential water heaters, central air
conditioners, air source heat pumps, ventilating fans, and televisions.
The ENERGY STAR specification for battery charging systems was
sunset. Clothes dryers were added to the program (see Tables 4 and 5).
FIGURE 3. More Than 5.2 Billion ENERGY STAR Certified Products
Purchased Since the Program Began
5.5
4.5
3.5
H 2.5-
0.5
I I I
I I I I I I
iHVACandOther
lAppliances
Lighting*
Home Electronics
I Home Office Equipment
I Office Equipment
^Lighting category does not include purchases of light bulbs.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
TABLE 3. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2014
YEAR OF RESULTS
ENERGY STAR CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
Annual Emissions Reductions (MMTC02e)
Cumulative Emissions Reductions (MMTC02e)
Annual Net Energy Bill Savings1
Cumulative Utility Bill Savings1
Annual Societal Benefits1
Electricity Savings as % of Total U.S. Electricity Demand
Brand Awareness Among American Households
Cumulative Individuals Taking the ENERGY STAR Pledge
^••^^H
Cumulative Certified Products Sold2
Annual Certified Products Sold
Individual Certified Product Models
Product Categories Eligible for ENERGY STAR
Manufacturing Partners
Retail Partners
ENERGY STAR RESIDENTIAL
Home Builder Partners
Cumulative Number of Certified New Homes Built
Annual Certified New Homes Built
Annual Certified Homes Built as Percent of New U.S. Home Starts
Cumulative Number of Certified Manufactured Homes
Cumulative Completion of Certified New Multifamily High-Rise Apartments4
Cumulative Number of Homes Improved Through Home Performance with ENERGY STAR5
ENERGY STAR COMMERCIAL
Cumulative Number of Certified Buildings
Annual Certified Buildings (includes re-labels)
Building Types Eligible forthe ENERGY STAR
Cumulative Number of Buildings Benchmarked in Portfolio Manager
Cumulative Square Footage Benchmarked
Number of Buildings in Battle of the Buildings
Cumulative Number of Buildings Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR INDUSTRIAL
Cumulative Number of Facilities Certified6
Industrial Sectors & Subsectors6
Facility Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR6
Numberof Industrial Challenge Sites Achieving 10% Reduction in Energy Intensity in 5 years
or Less6
54
> 160 million
$10 billion
$19 billion
40%
600 million
171 million
11,000
33
1,600
550
•
1,600
25,000
> 13,000
4,200
2
> 4,000
>400 million
>283
> 2.4 billion
>$31 billion
$362 billion
$11 billion
-5%
> 85%
> 3.2 million
^H
> 5.2 billion3
> 320 million
> 45,000
>70
> 1,600
> 2,600
•
> 2,300
1.6 million
> 87,000
12%
> 63,000
> 8,600
> 400,000
•
> 25,000
6,800
18
> 400,000
>35 billion
> 5,500
643
•
139
30
12
306
' Financial benefits are presented in 2014 dollars and present value terms.
2 The cumulative total of product sales across the enitre ENERGY STAR program from 1992 through 2014, including those from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy. The results for energy
saved and the resulting environmental and economic beneifts represent EPA efforts alone.
3 Light bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR certified products sold.
"Apartments in new multifamily high-rise buildings first became eligible to earn the ENERGY STAR in 2011, therefore there is no data forthe year 2000.
''Home Performance with ENERGY STAR launched in 2001, therefore there is no data for the year 2000.
' The following industrial program initiatives began in years post 2000, therefore no data are presented—industrial facility certification 2006; industrial sector focuses 2001; Industrial Challenge
2010.
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ENERGY STAR
TABLE 4. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards with Product Specifications and Revisions
PRODUCT TYPE
NUMBER OF PRODUCT
TYPES
NUMBER OF
SPECIFICATIONS
COVERING THESE
PRODUCTS
NUMBER OF
SPECIFICATION
CHANGES EFFECTIVE
OVER LAST 3 YEARS
(REVISED AND NEW)
NUMBER OF
SPECIFICATIONS
COMPLETED IN 2014
Consumer Electronics
Office Equipment
HVAC
Commercial Food Service
Equipment
Lighting
Building Envelope
Appliances
Other
21
14
9
g
4
5
9
3
6
8
7
8
3
3
8
3
5
7
2
4
2
0
7
3
3
0
2
o
0
1
3
0
Inspiring Consumer Action
Through public outreach, EPA encourages Americans to make energy-
efficient changes at home, at work, and in their communities. The
ENERGY STAR program's approach highlights both the financial and
environmental benefits of energy efficiency and provides a platform for
others to help drive behavior change. The following initiatives reached
millions of people through print, broadcast, and social media channels;
events nationwide; and grassroots-to-national partnerships:
• Retailers, manufacturers, and efficiency program sponsors worked
together to exceed EPA's challenge to sell 20 million ENERGY STAR
certified LED bulbs.
• The national Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR
campaign—supported by hundreds of participating organizations
(pledge drivers)—continued to ask people to take simple energy-
saving steps at home that can make a big difference in protecting
the climate. Through 2014, more than 3.2 million individuals took
the ENERGY STAR Pledge to make energy-efficient changes at
home, representing more than 15 billion pounds of GHG emissions
reductions. Increased use of social (Facebook and Twitter) and
online media, along with traditional media, spread the ENERGY
STAR message and garnered more than 144 million impressions.
• The 2014 ENERGY STAR Change the World Tour brought public
and private organizations together for a series of community-based
service projects to make a difference in people's lives and the
environment through energy efficiency. With the help of ENERGY
STAR, these projects lowered utility bills, upgraded low-income
housing and community buildings, and educated communities about
the importance of energy efficiency, demonstrating how energy
efficiency can be a pathway to positive change.
• Continuing into 2014, Team ENERGY STAR featured themes from
the Sony Pictures film, The Amazing Spider-Man 2. Thousands of
kids from Boys & Girls Clubs of America, representing the Torch
Clubs, participated in projects to save energy at their clubs and
throughout the community as part of their quest to "Be Your Own
Amazing with ENERGY STAR."
Today, more than 85 percent of American households recognize the
ENERGY STAR label, and about 45 percent knowingly purchased an
ENERGY STAR certified product in the past year (see Figure 4, pg. 10).4
Of those purchasers, about 77 percent reported the label as influential in
their purchasing decision; about 75 percent also reported they are likely
to recommend products that have earned the ENERGY STAR to friends.
ENERGY STAR Emerging Technology Award
The ENERGY STAR Emerging Technology Award raises the profile of
innovative technologies that have the potential to significantly reduce
greenhouse gas emissions once they are more widely adopted. Emerging
tech is focused on products that are not yet firmly in the U.S. market
and, as such, are premature for federal standards. In 2014, the Award
continued to recognize advanced, heat pump clothes dryers, as the
ground work was laid for introducing a new recognition category—
demand control kitchen ventilation—in 2015.
4For more information, see National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2014: Analysis of CEE Household Survey.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
Maintaining a Valuable Consumer Experience
The ENERGY STAR label is backed by a robust, state-of-the-art system
for third-party certification. This system includes a worldwide network
of nearly 600 laboratories testing products, complemented by 24
independent, accredited certification organizations reviewing results. All
products that earn the ENERGY STAR are subject to strict testing and
certification requirements before they can carry the label. Ry the end of
2014, there were more than 50,000 certified product models. Each year, a
subset of products is also subject to verification testing administered by
EPA-recognized certification bodies. In 2014, EPA disqualified 57 models
based on the results of this post-market testing. The program's emphasis
on testing and third-party product review ensures that consumers can
trust ENERGY STAR certified products to deliver the energy savings
promised by the label.
ENERGY STAR Most Efficient 2014
ENERGY STAR Most Efficient is a distinction that recognizes products
that deliver cutting edge energy efficiency along with the latest in
technological innovation. It is recognition that represents the best of
ENERGY STAR each year. Ry the end of 2014, more than 1,800 models
from 164 manufacturers were recognized as ENERGY STAR Most
Efficient. Categories included televisions, computer monitors, clothes
washers, refrigerators, dishwashers, heating and cooling equipment,
ventilation and ceiling fans, and windows.
FIGURE 4. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United
States
0% 10%
30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2014
Unaided Awareness
Aided Awareness
Note: When a consumer recognizes the ENERGY STAR label before it is shown, it is defined
as "unaided awareness." When a consumer recognizes the ENERGY STAR label after being
shown the label, it is defined as "aided awareness."
Source: National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2014: Analysis of CEE Household Survey.
U.S. EPA 20Kb.
10
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ENERGY STAR
TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Process
PRODUCT CATEGORY
2014 NEW SPECIFICATIONS
Clothes Dryers
2014 REVISIONS COMPLETED
Clothes Washers
Set-top Boxes
Battery Chargers
Window/Doors/Skylights
Water Heaters
Central Air Conditioners/Heat
Pumps
Ventilation Fans
Televisions
2014 REVISIONS IN PROCESS
Dishwashers
Room Air Conditioners
Displays
Luminaires
YEAR INTRODUCED (AND REVISED)
2014
1997(2007,2009,2011,2013,2015)
2001(2005,2009,2011,2014)
2006(2014)
1998(2010,2015)
2009(2010,2013,2015)
1995(2002,2006,2009,2015)
2001(2003,2009,2011,2015)
1998 (2002,2005,2008,2010,2011,2013,
2015)
1996(2007,2009,2012)
1996(2001,2003,2005,2013)
1992 (1995,1998,1999,2005,2006,2009,
2010,2013)
1997 (2001,2002,2003,2005,2008,2009,
2012)
Commercial Ovens
NEW SPECIFICATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Lab Grade Refrigerators/Freezers
Large Network Equipment
Climate Controls
2009(2014)
STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2014
Completed. Effective January 1,2015
Revised specification to take effect March 7,2015
Revised specification took effect December 19,2014
Specification sunset effective December 30,20141
Revised specification to take effect January 1,2015
Revised specification to take effect April 16,2015
Revised specification to take effect September 15,
2015
Revised specification to take effect October 1,2015
Revised specification to take effect October 30,2015
In process in 2014, completed in 2015
In process in 2014, completed in 2015
In process in 2014, completed in 2015
In process in 2014, completed in 2015
In process in 2014, completed in 2015
New specification to be completed in 2016
New specification to be completed in 2015
New specification to be completed in 2016
' EPA determined, with stakeholder input, that there was not sufficient product differentiation beyond minimum efficiency standards to warrant a strengthening of the ENERGY STAR specification
and so these specifications were suspended.
11
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector
More than 16 percent of the GHGs emitted in the United States are attributed to the energy we use to heat, cool, and light our homes, as well
as power the appliances and electronics in them.5 By making energy-efficient choices in the construction of new homes and the improvement of
existing homes, American homeowners, renters, homebuilders, and home remodelers can lower utility bills while helping to protect the environment.
Through ENERGY STAR, EPA offers an array of tools and resources to households and the housing industry to cost-effectively increase the energy
efficiency of the nation's housing stock.
Achievements in 2014
ENERGY STAR Certified Homes
ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Help Reduce GHG Emissions.
More than 87,000 new homes earned the ENERGY STAR in 2014,
bringing the total number of certified homes to 1.6 million (see Figure
5). In addition, with support from partners, 12 percent of all site-built,
single-family homes completed in the U.S. in 2014 earned the ENERGY
STAR (see Figure 6). Since EPA began labeling new homes in 1995,
American homeowners have saved over $4.7 billion on their energy bills
and reduced GHG emissions by more than 24 million metric tons. In 2014
alone, families living in ENERGY STAR certified homes saved in excess
of $590 million on their utility bills and prevented 3.2 million metric tons
of GHG emissions. Homes certified under these requirements are at least
15 percent more efficient than those built to code and include additional
energy-saving features to deliver a performance advantage of up to 30
percent compared to typical new homes.
FIGURE 5.1.6 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the
ENERGY STAR Label*
1,800,000
1,600,000 -
1,400,000 -
1,200,000 -
1,000,000 -
800,000 -
600,000 -
400,000 -
200,000 -
•V "V "V "V
Version 2.0 Homes
*Both homes and apartments in low-rise multifamily buildings are included in Figure 5 numbers:
one home equals either one single-family home or one apartment unit. Version 1.0 requirements
were implemented from 1995-2006. In 2007, these were replaced with Version 2.0 requirements.
The current Version 3.0 requirements were implemented starting in 2012.
FIGURE 6.12 Percent of New Homes Nationwide Earned the ENERGY STAR Label in 2014*
Market Index
G Below 5%
[] 5%- 10%
| 11%-15%
| 16% -25%
• Greater than 25%
*Based on the number of single-family, site-built ENERGY STAR certified homes compared to
U. S. Census one unit housing permit data adjusted for starts and completions.
12
5 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. EPA 2015a.
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ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR Certified Apartments in New Multifamily
High-Rise Buildings. Since apartments in new multifamily high-rise
buildings first became eligible to earn the ENERGY STAR label in 2011,
over 8,600 apartments have been certified in 94 buildings. These projects
must meet EPA's energy efficiency requirements and are designed to be
at least 15 percent more efficient than the building energy code. In 2014,
more than 2,000 multifamily high-rise apartments in 23 buildings were
certified. When combined with apartments in new multifamily low-rise
buildings, more than 122,000 apartments have been certified to date.
Making Affordable Housing More Energy-Efficient. EPA continued
working with a variety of stakeholders to improve the energy efficiency
of the nation's affordable housing stock, while reducing the utility bills
of families living in those homes. In fiscal year 2014,6 approximately
4,800 ENERGY STAR certified homes were built within the affordable
housing sector using funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development's HOME Investment Partnerships Program. Also,
nearly 6,000 manufactured homes earned the ENERGY STAR label in
2014, for a cumulative total of over 63,000. In addition, more than 13,000
ENERGY STAR certified homes have been built by Habitat for Humanity,
including nearly 1,100 homes built in 2014 by 132 Habitat for Humanity
affiliates nationwide.
ENERGY STAR Home Improvement
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. In 2014, 93,000 homes
were improved through Home Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES),
a systematic approach to improving energy efficiency. This work was
performed by 48 locally sponsored programs and more than 1,800
participating contractors across the nation (see Figure 7). Since the
program's inception, more than 400,000 homes have been improved
through HPwES. The HPwES program is administered by the U.S.
Department of Energy, with support from EPA.
Energy Efficiency Guidance and Tools for Homeowners. In 2014,
Americans visited the ENERGY STAR website nearly 2 million times to
find information about home efficiency improvements. They also used
EPA's Home Energy Yardstick and Home Energy Advisor tools to assess
their homes' energy use and get recommendations to help reduce
utility bills and improve comfort.7 EPA improved the functionality of the
ENERGY STAR Home Energy Advisor in 2014 to provide homeowners
customized, prioritized recommendations for energy improvements and
to allow them to track their progress.
FIGURE 7. Home Performance With ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country in 2014
Hawaii
Alaska
Puerto U.S. Virgin
States with Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Programs Rico lslands
"The green shaded states above have Home Performance with ENERGY STAR programs. However, the programs within each
state may only operate within a certain region of that state. Program not available in Puerto Rico or U.S. Virgin Islands.
6 Given in fiscal year (FYI, not calendar year, due to data availability; fiscal year is from October 1to September 30.
7 For more information, see www.energystar.gov/yardstick and www.energystar.gov/homeadvisor.
13
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector
More than 7,400 organizations have partnered with EPA to deliver GHG emissions reductions, advance their sustainability goals, and increase
financial value through the ENERGY STAR commercial buildings program. These ENERGY STAR partners demonstrate practical and proven solutions
to increase the efficiency of buildings and serve as examples for others to follow.
Achievements in 2014
ENERGY STAR Certification for Top Performance. To celebrate
15 years of ENERGY STAR certification for buildings, EPA launched
special recognition for multiple-building certifications. More than 300
organizations achieved membership in Certification Nation, with 11
organizations certifying more than 150 buildings each. In total, more
than 25,000 buildings (see Figure 9) and 130 industrial plants had earned
ENERGY STAR certification by the end of 2014. More than 120 new
design projects designated as Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR were
also certified as ENERGY STAR through 2014.
Benchmarking: Now Standard Practice in Commercial Buildings.
By the end of 2014, more than 400,000 properties were benchmarked
using ENERGY STAR® Portfolio Manager® as a standard way to measure,
track, assess, and report on the energy and water consumption across
more than 40 percent of the nation's commercial building space (see
Figure 8). With an increasing number of cities leveraging EPAs Portfolio
Manager tool to implement their own climate and sustainability policies,
benchmarking energy use has become a standard practice for many
organizations across the nation.
1-100 ENERGY STAR Score Launched for Multifamily Properties.
EPA debuted a new 1 -100 ENERGY STAR score for multifamily
properties, made possible through a multi-year partnership with Fannie
Mae. The unprecedented launch enables existing apartment and
condominium properties, which house 30 percent of the U.S. population,
to measure energy performance. ENERGY STAR certification became
available in the fall of 2014, and more than 20 properties had earned this
designation by the year's end.
Battle of the Buildings Competitors Team Up to Power Down.
The 2014 competition hosted a field of more than 100 teams, who
worked to cut energy waste across their participating buildings. Teams
ranged in size from five to more than 2,000 buildings. The town of
Woodville, Alabama (population 741) led the team competition, with
25 percent energy savings across five buildings. The town's chapel
reduced energy use almost 70 percent in one year. Other top team
finishers included Walgreens and Sears, each reducing energy use by
more than 17 percent.
FIGURE 8. Cumulative Square Feet Benchmarked in Portfolio
Manager
35,000
30,000
25,000
E, 20,000
15,000
5,000
ai i
1111 I
rmiiiii i
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
*0nly buildings that can receive a 1-WO energy performance score are included in the data
from 2001 to 2008. Beginning in 2009, buildings for which there is not yet a 1-100 score
available were included in the count oftotal buildings benchmarked.
14
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ENERGY STAR
FIGURE 9. More than 25,000 Buildings Earned the ENERGY STAR Through 2014
ncreasing Number of Certified Buildings
Hawaii
Alaska
Puerto U.S. Virgin
Rico Islands
<35 35-99 100-299 >300
(Number of Buildings)
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector
The industrial sector is a vital part of the U.S. economy. Sales of manufacturing goods are valued at just over $5.8 trillion, make up about 12 percent
of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and provide more than 11.08 million jobs paying an average of $54,400 annually.8 This sector also gener-
ates more than a quarter of the nation's annual GHG emissions.9 Through ENERGY STAR, EPA provides the industrial sector with tools and strategies
for improving energy efficiency within its operations and for cost-effectively reducing GHG emissions by removing energy management barriers.
Achievements in 2014
Improving Performance—The ENERGY STAR
Focus Industries
EPA works jointly with specific industries to provide advanced tools
that help companies learn to manage energy use and build long-term,
productive energy programs (see Table 6, pg. 17). In 2014, the number
of ENERGY STAR Focus Industries grew to 30 with the addition of
automobile engine plants and automobile transmission plants.
New Measures of Plant Energy Performance. Objective
measurement of plant energy performance is key to improving industrial
energy management. Most companies are unable to assess a plant's
energy performance relative to the industry and do not know if a
plant is meeting its efficiency potential. ENERGY STAR plant energy
performance indicators (EPIs) overcome that barrier by empowering
companies to evaluate good energy performance within the industry and
set strong performance goals for their plants. In 2014, EPA worked with
industry stakeholders to continue testing and revision of the draft EPIs
for integrated steel mills, investment steel casting, carbon alloy steel
casting, aluminum casting, commercial bakeries and dairies.
New Guidance for Improving Energy Efficiency in Industrial
Sectors. ENERGY STAR energy guides identify ways to improve energy
efficiency in a specific industry. In 2014, the draft guide for the metal
casting industry was submitted to industry for review. The growing
library of energy guides continued to help industrial managers identify
areas for energy efficiency improvements.
For more information,
s For more information,
ndix D: References (p. 46), U.S. Census Bureau, 2015.
ndix D: References Ip. 461, U.S. EPA, 2015a.
15
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
Building Capacity to Enable Greater Industry
Participation
Through the ENERGY STAR partnership, service and product providers,
utility companies, energy efficiency program administrators, and federal,
state, and local governments continue to use ENERGY STAR tools to
connect customers and stakeholders with the value of pursuing energy
reductions. Six service and product providers joined with ENERGY STAR
industrial partners to share their collective experiences through public
profiles in saving energy in partner manufacturing plants.
Industrial Plants Challenged to Improve. EPA's ENERGY STAR
Challenge for Industry helps manufacturers improve the energy efficiency
of their sites by 10 percent within five years or less through the
fundamental energy management practices of establishing baselines,
setting reduction goals, and tracking and managing energy use over
time. By the end of 2014, the number of industrial sites committed to
the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry grew, while 306 sites met or
exceeded their targets by achieving an average 20-percent reduction in
energy intensity.
Supporting National Collaboration. EPA continued to support the
implementation of the President's Executive Order 13624, "Accelerating
Investment in Industrial Energy Efficiency," to extend ENERGY STAR
resources to new portions of the industrial market.10 Further, EPA
prepared new informational resources, "Industry Insights," to assist
states and other entities in understanding the energy profiles of the
auto assembly and cement industries. In addition, based on work with
industry through the ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year award, EPA
produced "Emerging Themes in Energy Management" to share new
trends in energy management seen among leading awardees.
Industrial Efficiency Gets Boost from Treasure Hunts. EPA released
a new tool, the ENERGY STAR Treasure Hunt Guide, as an important way
to engage employees in identifying low-cost energy-saving opportunities
from behavioral, operational, and maintenance actions. This popular
guidebook is increasingly adopted by organizations as step-by-step
guidance on how to organize and execute an energy treasure hunt to find
significant energy savings in their facilities.
Continuing to Earn ENERGY STAR Certification
In 2014,70 plants earned the ENERGY STAR certification by achieving
energy performance in the top quartile nationally, bringing the
cumulative number of certified plants to 139. The cement, cookie and
cracker baking, and auto assembly sectors earned the greatest number
of certifications among the industrial sectors. ENERGY STAR certification
is valued by industry as it differentiates high performing plants.
I g w For more information, see www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-09-05/pdf/2012-22030.pdf.
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ENERGY STAR
TABLE 6. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy
PEER EXCHANGE
NETWORK
Cement Manufacturing
Concrete Manufacturing
Corn Refining
Dairy
• Ice Cream
• Fluid Milk
• Cheese making
Food Processing
• Bread and Rolls
• Cookies & Crackers
•Juice
• Frozen Fried Potato Products
•Tomato Products
Glass Manufacturing
• Fiberglass
• Flat glass
• Container glass
Metal Casting
•Aluminum Casting
• Iron
• Investment Steel Casting
• Carbon/Alloy Casting
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
• Auto Assembly
• Engine Plants
•Transmission Plants
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Industry
Pharmaceuticals
Printing
Pulp & Paper
•Pulp Mill
• Integrated Mill
Steel
• Mini Mills
• Integrated
INDUSTRIAL
ENERGY GUIDE
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
Published
Draft
Published
Published
Published
Published
Draft
Published
Published
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
INDICATOR
Released 2006, Updated 2011
Draft under review
Released 2006, Updated 2012
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Released 2011
Released 2009
Released 2009
Draft under review
Draft under review
Released 2009
Released 2009
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Draft under review
Released 2006
Updated 2010
In progress
In progress
Draft under review
Private System recognized by EPA
Released 2008
Draft under review
Released 2010
Released 2012
Draft under review
Draft under review
ENERGY STAR
CERTIFICATION
17
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY
PROGRAMS
EPA launched the Green Power Partnership (GPP) and Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHPP) in
2001 to facilitate the growth of green power generation and environmentally beneficial CHP across the
nation.
For the past 13 years, both programs have made remarkable progress in dismantling market barriers to
green power purchasing and CHP use by helping hundreds of partners find cost-effective solutions to
meet their energy needs. By offering technical resources, developing nationally accepted standards,
providing access to expertise, and recognizing environmental leadership, these clean energy supply
programs continually bring value to partners and to the broader clean energy community through program
websites and public webinars.
In turn, partner investments in clean energy yield significant environmental benefits by reducing GHG
emissions and a variety of air pollutants. CHPP and GPP partners are transforming the marketplace by
increasing the local, regional, and national demand for clean energy supply technologies. The programs'
achievements have been impressive. In 2014 alone, EPA's energy supply programs reduced GHG
emissions by 37.1 MMTC02e (see Figure 10).
FIGURE 10. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions by the Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs
40
o
o
35
30
25
20
.° 15
10
I I
I I I
II
I I
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
18
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CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP (GPP)
SEPA
GREEN
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
EPA's Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that encourages organizations to buy green power to reduce the environmental impacts
associated with purchased electricity use and, in so doing, demonstrate their environmental leadership." EPA's Green Power partners include a
wide variety of forward-thinking organizations, such as Fortune 500® companies; small and medium-sized businesses; local, state, and federal
government agencies; and colleges and universities. The voluntary commitments of these partners to promote green power made 2014 another
exceptional year for EPA's Green Power Partnership.
Achievements in 2014
• Added 206 new partners, bringing the total to more than 1,290.
These organizations have committed to buying about 33.6 billion
kWh of green power annually—enough electricity to run more than
three million average American homes for one year (see Figure 11).
• Organized seven webinars on important topics such as power
purchase agreements, best practices in solar deployment, and how
companies can influence their supply chain to adopt green power.
• Developed a solar procurement toolkit designed to provide specific
strategic and tactical guidance for higher education institutions
interested in pursuing options for solar power at their facilities.
• In support of President Obama's Climate Action Plan, the Green
Power Partnership launched the On-site Renewables Challenge,
with a goal to double the use of on-site green power by Green
Power partners by the end of the decade. At the time of the launch
in May 2014, partners had on-site green power use totaling more
than 980 million kWh.
• Acknowledged 78 partners in EPA's College & University
2013-2014 Green Power Challenge. EPA ranked the green power
purchases of individual schools against others within their athletic
conferences and calculated cumulative purchases among competing
conferences. The Big 10 Conference topped the list with the largest
total purchase (nearly 310 million kWh of annual green power use)
and earned recognition as the 2013-2014 Collective Conference
Champion.
• Presented 19 Green Power Leadership Awards to top purchasers
of green power and on-site renewable power systems, and four
awards to green power suppliers (see Appendix A, pg. 41).
FIGURE 11. Green Power Purchased and GHG Emissions Reductions
S2 20
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Green Power—Energizing Communities Across the Country
Innovative municipalities across the country are partnering with EPA to become Green Power Communities (GPCs). Towns, villages, cities,
counties, and tribal governments become GPCs when local governments, businesses, and residents collectively use green power in amounts
that meet or exceed EPA's GPP community usage requirements. In 2014,56 communities mobilized to reduce their carbon footprints by buying
and using green power totaling nearly six billion kWh. Their green power use is equivalent to the electricity used in more than 545,000 average
American homes for a year.
" For additional information on GPP, see www.epa.gov/greenpower/.
19
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP (CHPP)
i CHP
<>EPA COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER PARTNERSHIP
EPA's CHP Partnership encourages the use of CHP, which is typically cleaner than separately produced electricity and thermal energy such as steam
and hot water. By capturing and using the heat from electricity generation, a byproduct which is typically wasted, CHP projects are up to 80 percent
more efficient than traditional separate heat and power generation. They also reduce reliance on grid-supplied electricity, increase the reliability of
the U.S. electricity supply, and lessen the need to build new transmission and distribution capacity.12
To promote increased use of CHP, EPA works closely with energy users; the CHP industry; state, local, and tribal governments; and other stakeholders
to develop new CHP projects and promote their environmental, economic, and other benefits. Since its inception, the CHP Partnership has made a
significant impact on U.S. CHP capacity, annually assisting up to 60 percent of the new CHP capacity additions.
Achievements in 2014
• Assisted in the deployment of more than 300 MW of new CHP
nationwide (of out 847 MW of new nationwide capacity), bringing
the cumulative impact of the program to over 6,868 MW of new
CHP (see Table 7).
• Welcomed 50 new partners, bringing the total to more than 480.
• Responded to nearly 100 technical assistance requests from
organizations across the country such as project developers and
consultants, water and energy utilities, multi-family building
developers, health institutions, technology companies, data centers,
farms and hotels.
• Added two new key policy categories to the Partnership's online
database [dCHPP] where users can search for CHP policies and
incentives by state or at the federal level.13
TABLE 7. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share
NEW CHP CAPACITY
TOTAL NEW CHP CREDITABLE TO THE
YEAR CAPACITY (MW) PARTNERSHIP (MW)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
5,910
4,033
3,745
1,801
591
636
444
721
710
714
950
679
847
21,781
620 (10%)
548 (14%)
1,963(52%)
852 (47%)
138 (23%)
343 (54%)
198(45%)
407 (56%)
295(42%)
417(58%)
368(39%)
409(60%)
310(37%)
6,868 (32%)
• Developed a fact sheet on financing CHP projects at Wastewater
Treatment Facilities using low interest loans from the Clean Water
State Revolving Fund.
• Completed a fact sheet on the approaches states have taken
to streamline air permitting for CHP systems, which includes
observations on the process for developing these state programs,
as well as the outcomes achieved.
• Updated the handbook titled, Output-Based Regulations: Handbook
for Air Regulators, which was originally released in 2004. This
handbook is designed to help air regulators develop output-based
regulations, which recognize the pollution prevention benefits
of efficient energy generation technologies, such as CHP and
renewable energy technologies. It is also intended to help CHP
project owners better understand and comply with output-based
environmental regulations. The updated handbook includes a new
section on how to comply with output-based regulations, updated
information on current state and federal output-based regulations,
and a description of the two primary approaches to developing
output-based regulations for CHP14
• Updated one of the program's most popular resources, the
Catalog of CHP Technologies, with current cost and performance
characteristics of the five prime mover technologies, technology
developments that have gained wider commercial use in the
past five years, and information on water usage of CHP systems
compared to separate heat and power systems.15
• Released a CHP-focused climate and energy strategy guide for local
governments as part of the Local Government Climate and Energy
Strategy Series.
• Honored three highly efficient CHP systems with the ENERGY STAR
CHP awards (see Appendix A, pg. 41): a 200 MW CHP system at
the Eastman Chemical Company Tennessee Operations; a 3.8 MW
system at Janssen Research & Development, LLC; and 38 I
system at the Merck West Point CoGenS Facility.
'2'For additionalinformation on CHPP, see www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.html.
13'For additionalinformation, see www.epa.gov/chp/dchpp-chp-policies-and-incentives-database.
14 For additional information, see www.epa.gov/chp/output-based-regulations-handbook-air-regulators.
20 '5 For additional information, see www.epa.gov/chp/catalog-chp-technologies.
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METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
Methane programs offer excellent opportunities for reducing the concentration of GHGs in the
atmosphere and providing a clean energy resource in the process. Methane is the second most
significant GHG behind C02 by annual emissions and currently contributes one third of all anthropogenic
(man-made) GHG emissions to climate change.16 It also has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of
about 9-15 years, which means that reductions made today will yield positive results in the near term.17
And unlike other GHGs, methane is an important energy resource that allows for cost-effective mitigation.
There are many opportunities to recover and re-use or sell methane from the agriculture (manure
management), coal mining, oil and gas systems, and landfill sectors.
EPA has established partnership programs with industry to reduce methane emissions from some of the
largest sources by encouraging the recovery and use of methane as energy. EPA's programs—Natural
Gas STAR, AgSTAR, the Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, and the Landfill Methane Outreach
Program—strive to remove market barriers and increase investment in cost-effective emissions
reduction technologies and practices. Together, these programs reduced U.S. emissions by 76.4
MMTC02e in 2014 (see Table 2, pg. 6).
NATURAL GAS STAR PROGRAM
NaturalGasA
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER *
t^\
Natural Gas STAR is a flexible, collaborative partnership between EPA and oil and natural gas companies, designed to spur the adoption of cost-
effective technologies and practices that reduce methane emissions. By working with both domestic and international companies involved in
oil production and all sectors of the natural gas supply chain, Natural Gas STAR helps lower methane emissions, improve operational efficiency,
increase natural gas supply, and contribute to a healthier global environment.
The program offers a full array of tools and resources—including technology transfer workshops, Lessons Learned studies, Partner Reported
Opportunities fact sheets, technical reports and studies, and peer networking fora—to assist companies in implementing a wide range of cost-
effective best management practices and technologies to reduce emissions.18
Achievements in 2014
• Reduced U.S. methane emissions by 25.6 MMTC02e through efforts
undertaken and reported by domestic partners for 2014 (see Figure
12), achieving cumulative program reductions of 608.5 MMTC02e.
• Hosted two well-attended technology transfer workshops and the
Annual Implementation Workshop in San Antonio, TX.
• Welcomed three domestic companies and four international
companies into the program.
FIGURE 12. Natural Gas STAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
'e For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. EPA2015a.
17For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC 2007.
18 For additional information on Natural Gas STAR and 2013 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/gasstar/accomplishments/index.html.
21
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
AgSTAR PROGRAM
Biogas recovery systems help reduce GHG emissions by enabling the recovery and use of methane from animal manure and other organic wastes.
A biogas recovery system is anchored by a manure digester that manages waste and captures biogas to produce electricity, fuel, heat, or hot water.
In addition to avoiding methane emissions, digester systems also reduce local water and air pollution, act as a source of renewable energy, provide
rural economic development, better manage nutrients, and generate value-added products (e.g., animal bedding, plant growing medium, fertilizer)
that improve farm revenues.
Through the AgSTAR Program, EPA partners with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the nation's livestock industry to reduce methane
emissions by promoting the use of biogas recovery systems to manage animal waste. EPA offers an array of tools and information designed to assist
livestock producers in evaluating and implementing methane recovery systems.19
Achievements in 2014
• Reduced direct methane emissions from approximately 250
livestock farms by 0.99 MMTC02e and avoided approximately
0.24 MMTC02e in fossil fuel emissions, producing total
emission reductions of 1.2 MMTC02e in 2014 (see Figure 13).
Cumulatively, anaerobic digesters on livestock farms have
reduced emissions by 7.0 MMTC02e in the past decade.
• Doubled the number of Program Partners.
• Updated and re-vamped key programmatic tools, including
the AgSTAR website, project mapping database, and project
development guidance.
• Held National AgSTAR Workshop in conjunction with
BioCycle REFOR 2014 Conference.
• Provided technical guidance to USDA relative to manure
digester system funding opportunities.
• Collaborated with DOE and USDA, the Innovation Center for
U.S. Dairy, and the American Biogas Council to release the
Biogas Opportunities Hoadmap: Voluntary Actions to Reduce
Methane Emissions and Increase Energy Independence.
FIGURE 13. AgSTAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions
1.25
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
oo 1S For additional information on AgSTAR and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/agstar/about-us/accomplish.html.
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METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (LMOP)
LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
Landfill gas (LFG) energy projects prevent direct methane emissions from landfills and reduce indirect C02 emissions by displacing energy generated
from the burning of fossil fuels with LFG, an alternative energy source. Through the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP), EPA provides
landfill owners and operators a suite of tools and technical resources to help them overcome the obstacles to developing LFG energy projects. LMOP
provides technical assistance to both smaller landfills not covered by EPA regulations and larger, regulated operations that are combusting their gas
but not yet using it as a clean energy source.20 Annually, EPA recognizes outstanding partners for their work on LFG energy projects. See the full list
of 2014 winners in Appendix A, page 42.
Achievements in 2014
• Reduced methane emissions from hundreds of U.S. landfills and
avoided C02 emissions totaling approximately 39.5 MMTC02e in
2014 (see Figure 14). Over the past 20 years, LMOP has assisted
632 LFG energy projects and the nationwide total reached 652
currently operational projects in 2014. The 632 LMOP-assisted
projects have collectively reduced and avoided more than 345
MMTC02e since the program began.
• Welcomed 30 new partners and endorsers, bringing the total to
1,100 LMOP partners and endorsers.
• Hosted the Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo, attracting
more than 600 people.
• Published two articles, hosted a webinar on using landfill gas
as vehicle fuel, and participated in national, state, and regional
conferences on LFG energy and LFG energy project development.
• Collaborated with the Mississippi Chapter of the Solid Waste
Association of North America to present information on LFG energy
project development at their 2014 Fall Conference.
FIGURE 14. LMOP Annual Methane and CO, Emissions Reductions
40
35
„ 30
I
1 25
I
I 20
,1 I I
200(1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
°For additional information on LMOP and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/lmop/.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
U.S. LEADERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL METHANE INITIATIVES
GLOBAL METHANE INITIATIVE
The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) is a f /;|0|ja
voluntary, multilateral partnership that Methane Initiative
aims to reduce methane emissions and
advance the recovery and use of methane as a valuable clean energy
source. GMI created an international capacity building network to
help develop strategies, transform markets, and remove barriers to
methane reduction project development in partner countries such as
Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Chile, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mexico,
Thailand, and Peru. EPA leads USG efforts supporting GMI and
partners with other agencies including Department of State, DOE,
and USDA.21
Achievements in 2014
• Since 2004, the U.S. has provided technical, financial, and
capacity-building support to approximately 1000 global methane
projects that have reduced methane emissions cumulatively by
over 234 MMTC02e.
• U.S. investment of approximately $84 million in this Initiative
since 2004 has leveraged nearly $550 million in contributions of
in-kind services from other partners or Project Network members.
• During 2014, the U.S. supported project development-related
activities (e.g., assessment, capacity building, partnership,
information sharing) across 20 Partner Countries in four regions:
Asia, Europe, and North and South America—including a
Tri-Sector workshop in Brazil that attracted more than 340
participants. These, and past efforts, contributed to methane
emission reductions of more than 33 MMTCO,e in 2014 alone.
CLIMATE AND CLEAN AIR COALITION
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived
Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) is an initiative the U.S. launched in
February 2012, along with the governments of Bangladesh, Canada,
Ghana, Mexico, and Sweden and the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP). CCAC membership has grown rapidly and the
partnership now includes over 100 state and non-state partners. The
Coalition is the first effort to treat short-lived climate pollutants (black
carbon, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons or MFCs) as a collective
challenge. Addressing these short-lived climate pollutants can have
immediate, multiple benefits. Reducing them will protect human
health and the environment now and slow the rate of climate change
within the first half of this century. The Coalition's objectives are to
address short-lived climate pollutants by:
1. Raising awareness of short-lived climate pollutant impacts and
mitigation strategies;
2. Enhancing and developing new national and regional actions,
including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing
capacity, and mobilizing support;
3. Promoting best practices and showcasing successful efforts; and
4. Improving scientific understanding of short-lived climate
pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies.
In its first years, the CCAC has approved 11 rapid implementation
initiatives targeted to accelerate action against climate-damaging
emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. EPA provides leadership
and critical technical support for several of these initiatives, allowing
EPA to expand the impact of its work internationally.
• Reducing Black Carbon Emissions from Heavy Duty Diesel
Vehicles and Engines
• Mitigating Black Carbon and Other Pollutants From
Brick Production
• Mitigating SLCPs from the Municipal Solid Waste Sector
• Promoting HFC Alternative Technology and Standards
• Accelerating Methane and Black Carbon Reductions from Oil
and Natural Gas Production
• Addressing SLCPs from Agriculture
• Reducing SLCPs from Household Cooking and Domestic Heating
• Financing of SLCP mitigation
• Supporting National Planning for action on SLCPs
• Regional Assessments of SLCPs
• Urban Health Initiative
2' For additional information on GMI and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/globalmethane/accompreport.htm.
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METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH PROGRAM (CMOP)
U.S. EPA
Coalbed Methane
OUTREACH PROGRAM
The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) strives to reduce methane emissions from coal mining activities. Coal mine methane (CMM) is a
potent GHG and can be an explosive hazard inside mines. But if CMM is recovered safely and used for energy, it is a valuable, clean-burning fuel
source. CMOP collaborates with coal companies and related industries to lower emissions through the development of environmentally beneficial,
cost-effective CMM recovery and utilization projects.
The program primarily focuses on mitigating U.S. emissions from underground coal mines, both from degasification systems and from mine
ventilation systems, as well as from abandoned (closed) underground mines and active surface mines. CMOP provides high-quality, mine-
specific information and technical assistance to the coal mining industry and project developers, including identifying project sites, analyzing and
demonstrating technologies, conducting mine-specific project pre-feasibility assessments and market evaluations, and analyzing financial incentives
and regulatory hurdles.22
Achievements in 2014
• CMOP reduced CMM emissions by 10.1 MMTC02e in 2014 (see
Figure 15),23 and since the program began in 1994 it has achieved
cumulative reductions of 177.8 MMTC02e.
• Held successful U.S. Coal Mine Methane Conference, attracting
attendees from across the country, including coal mine
representatives, project developers, technology suppliers, and
carbon offset developers.
• Led U.S. Government CMM Roundtable with the Bureau of Land
Management, Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Department of Energy.
• Held targeted outreach meetings with BHP San Juan mine, Illinois
and Indiana Coal associations, and numerous coal companies in the
Illinois and Appalachia coal basins.
• Provided technical analysis to proactively engage U.S. coal mines
and industry representatives to stimulate further domestic CMM
project development.
• Supported 17 operating coal mine methane projects in the U.S.: 16
using drained gas from active underground mines, one mitigating
dilute ventilation air methane (VAM) at an active underground mine,
and 17 projects using abandoned mine methane gas.
FIGURE 15. CMOP Annual Methane Emissions Reductions
m m
n
i
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20ll 2012 2013 2014
22 For additional information on CMOP and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/cmop/.
23 Emission reductions are draft, pending the final 2014 CMM Inventory Numbers.
25
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
REDUCTION PROGRAMS
EPA's fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs continue to make significant reductions
in potent GHG emissions. The fluorinated gases—including perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons
(MFCs), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are in several cases byproducts of certain
U.S. industrial operations. MFCs, on the other hand, are principally used as replacements for GHGs that
also deplete the ozone layer. Ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, insulating foams, and other
products, but are being phased out globally underthe Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer.
Through its partnership programs, EPA works closely with participating industries to identify cost-effective
emissions reduction opportunities, recognize industry accomplishments, and facilitate the transition toward
environmentallyfriendliertechnologies and chemicals and best environmental practices. Although FGHGs
account for a small portion of total U.S. GHG emissions, they have very high global warming potentials
(GWPs). Emissions of HFC-23, PFCs, NF3, and SF6 on a per-facility basis tend to be high. FGHGs trap
substantially more heat in the atmosphere than does C02 on a per-mass basis, and some can have much
longer atmospheric lifetimes than C02.24
The combined efforts of the FGHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions substantially
below baseline levels—an impressive achievement given the sizable growth in many of these industries. In
2014, FGHG emissions reductions across the partnership programs totaled 19.6 MMTC02e as EPA continued
to support partners in their efforts to improve industrial processes and share best practices.25
24 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC2007.
25 These are emissions reductions from voluntary programs and do not include reductions from regulatory programs such as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program.
26
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THE VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
PARTNERSHIP
Since 1995, EPA and the U.S. primary aluminum industry have worked together through the Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership (VAIP),
which represents 98 percent of U.S. production capacity, to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions from aluminum production.26 PFC emissions of
perfluoromethane (CF4) and perfluoroethane (C2F6) are inadvertent byproducts of the smelting process, and are 7,390 and 12,200 times more potent
warming agents than C02.27 EPA supports partners by providing technical assistance to evaluate the factors that influence PFC emissions, sharing
best practices, and recognizing partners for their commitment to cutting emissions. All aluminum manufacturers now report data through the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.28
Achievements in 2014
• Reduced PFC emissions on a per ton basis by more than
30 percent and absolute emissions by 6.5 MMTC02e compared
to the industry's 1990 baseline (see Figure 16).29
• Completed comprehensive facility-specific data review with
partners
• Reviewed EPA/International Aluminium Institute (IAI) PFC
Measurement Protocol
• Participated in IAI Non-proliferating Anode Effect Workgroup.
FIGURE 16. VAIP Annual Emissions Reductions
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
SF6 EMISSIONS REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC
POWER SYSTEMS (EPS)
SF6 is the most potent and persistent GHG—it traps 22,800 times more infrared radiation than the equivalent amount of C02.30 Used primarily by
electric utilities, SF6 is a gaseous dielectric for high-voltage circuit breakers and gas-insulated substations. Utilities nationwide have the opportunity
to make a big difference in the nation's emissions of SF6. EPA partners with 85 electric power companies through the voluntary SF6 Emissions
Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems. EPA works with the industry to share information about best management practices and cost-
effective operational improvements, such as detecting and repairing leaks, using recycling equipment, and educating and training employees. In
addition to providing a means to actively address climate change, this program has helped partner companies reap financial savings through reduced
SF6 gas purchases. Partners represent 48 percent of the total U.S. transmission system.31
Achievements in 2014
• Reduced emissions by 5.5 MMTC02e, bringing average SF6
emissions rates down to 2.4 percent of the total equipment
nameplate capacity (see Figure 17)32.
• Held successful emission reduction workshop with record attendance.
• Formed Nameplate Capacity stakeholder group (gas producers, gas
distributors, equipment manufacturers, recovery/recycle companies,
Voluntary Partners) to explore data accuracy.
• Held technical webinars on the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
and best practices for equipment installation.
• Added two new partners: Entergy, Vermont Electric Cooperative.
FIGURE 17. EPS Annual Emissions Reductions
|£ 2
111]
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2e For additional information aboutthe Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/highgwp/aluminum-pfc.
27For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC 2007.
2S For more information, see www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/.
29 2014 values are estimated based on 2013 values. 2014 values are anticipated to be very similar to 2013 because primary aluminum production has remained relatively flat in recent years.
30 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC2007.
3' For additional information about the SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for Electic Power Systems and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/highgwp/electricpower-sf6/
index.html. 27
322014 values are estimated based on 2013 values. 2014 values are anticipated to be very similar to 2013 because total nameplate capacity has remained relatively flat in recent years.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
Responsible Appliance
~ Disposal Program
RESPONSIBLE APPLIANCE DISPOSAL PROGRAM (RAD)
I&RAD.
EPA launched the Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program in October 2006 to help protect the ozone layer and reduce GHG emissions.
Partners go beyond Clean Air Act Section 608 regulatory requirements33 by ensuring that old refrigerators, freezers, window air conditioners, and
dehumidifiers are recycled using the best environmental practices available. Partners recover not only refrigerant, as required by law, but also
ozone-depleting and high-GWP chemicals from the insulating foam. Foam is recovered and destroyed, or the blowing agent is recovered and
reclaimed. Further, while regulations only require the final disposer (i.e., a landfill or scrap recycler) to ensure that refrigerant has been recovered at
an appliance's end of life, RAD utility, retailer, state, and manufacturer partners as well as state affiliates commit to responsible recycling as part
of their energy efficiency and corporate sustainability programs. EPA also works with partners to prevent the release of hazardous materials like
mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCRs), as well as to save landfill space and energy by recycling durable materials—eliminating the need to
produce virgin materials. The RAD Program invites utilities, retailers, manufacturers, state and local governments, universities, and other qualifying
organizations to become partners and has partner representation in 49 states (see Figure 18).34
EPA calculates stratospheric ozone benefits, climate benefits, and energy savings achieved by RAD partners. HFC refrigerant and foams in disposed-
of appliances are about 1,000 times more potent global warmers than C02.35 EPA also serves as a technical clearing house on responsible appliance
program development and implementation and provides partner recognition for achievement, such as through press releases, brochures, and articles.
Achievements in 2014
• Avoided emissions of 0.19 MMTC02e and more than 599,000
pounds of ozone-depleting substances (207 OOP weighted metric
tons) through the proper disposal of approximately 940,000
refrigerant-containing appliances.
• Recovered 313,136 pounds of refrigerants and 351,500 pounds of
blowing agent.
Prevented the following materials from going to a landfill: 123
million pounds of ferrous metals; 6 million pounds of non-ferrous
metals; 23 million pounds of plastic; and 4 million pounds of glass.
Properly handled the following toxic or hazardous substances:
76,000 gallons of used oil; 42,700 PCR-containing capacitors; and
17,600 mercury-containing components.
FIGURE 18. RAD Representation by State
States with 0 RAD Partners
States with 1 RAD Partner
States with 2 RAD Partners
States with 3 RAD Partners
States with 4 RAD Partners
States with 5 RAD Partners
States with 6 RAD Partners
States with 8 RAD Partners
States with 12 RAD Partners
33 For additional information, see www3.epa.gov/ozone/title6/608/index.html or www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/downloads/Section_608_FactSheet2010.pdf.
OO M For additional information on RAD and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/rad.
35 For more information, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, IPCC2007.
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FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
GREENCHILL PARTNERSHIP
EPA's GreenChill Partnership works with the supermarket industry to reduce refrigerant emissions that harm the ozone layer and contribute to climate
change. The refrigerants used in supermarkets are generally 1,800 to 4,000 times more potent global warmers than C02.36 Supermarkets leak about
38 million pounds of these refrigerants annually. GreenChill partners go beyond regulatory requirements by tracking the use and emissions of all
their refrigerants, not just the ozone-depleting substances required to be monitored by Clean Air Act Section 608.37 GreenChill helps supermarkets
transition to refrigerants that are more environmentally friendly, significantly reduce the amount of refrigerant used, appreciably lower refrigerant
leak rates, and adopt green refrigeration technologies and best environmental practices.38
GreenChill's Corporate Emissions Reduction Program asks supermarkets in the Partnership (see Figure 19) to set corporate emission reduction goals
each year. In 2014, the supermarket partners reduced the amount of refrigerant in their commercial systems by about 37 percent compared to the
industry average. The Store Certification Program encourages emissions reductions by setting standards for individual store refrigerant leak rates, the
types of refrigerant used, and the amount of refrigerant used. Stores that achieve GreenChill's certification emit at least 65 percent less refrigerant
than a typical store.
Achievements in 2014
• GreenChill partners had an average annual leak rate (12.7 percent)
that was at least 48 percent lower than the national average annual
leak rate (25 percent).
• Of the 23 GreenChill partners who have been in the partnership for
more than a year
• 19 have reduced their emissions rate since joining the
partnership
• 13 have reduced their emissions rate by more than 10%
• 2 have reduced their emissions rate by more than 40%
• 4 have lowered their emissions rates in 3 or more consecutive
years
109 GreenChill stores were certified in 2014 for advanced
refrigeration technology that prevents refrigerant leaks—5
platinum, 36 gold, and 68 silver. Stores with a platinum, gold, or
silver certification prevented at least 95 percent, 75 percent, or 65
percent, respectively, of the refrigerant leaks from a typical store.
FIGURE 19. GreenChill Partner Stores in 2014
GreenChill Partner Stores
almost 30% of U.S. Supermarkets
U-S. Virgin
Puerto Rico Islands
36 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC 2007.
37 For additional information, see www3.epa.gov/ozone/title6/608/index.html or www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/downloads/Section_608_FactSheet2010.pdf.
36'For additional information about GreenChill and 2014 accomplishments, see www.epa.gov/greenchill.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
CROSS-CUTTING EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
EPA supports several additional programs that cut across multiple policy areas to contribute to sustained
emissions reductions. Many organizations have already established sustainability or climate objectives
to identify and achieve cost-effective GHG reduction strategies. In 2012, EPA launched the Centerfor
Corporate Climate Leadership to serve as a resource for those organizations interested in reducing their
environmental impacts associated with climate change. The Center also strives to help more advanced
organizations continue to improve their GHG reduction strategies and serve as influencers to drive
change in their supply chains and beyond.
State and local governments have a unique opportunity to implement renewable energy and energy
efficiency policies and programs, reduce carbon and other pollutant emissions through their own policies,
and set an example for other jurisdictions. EPA established the State and Local Climate and Energy
Program to help state and local governments meet sustainability and environmental goals.
Through these cross-cutting programs, EPA provides partners with technical assistance, analytical tools,
and peer exchange opportunities to help them develop and implement cost-effective solutions to reduce
GHG emissions.
CENTER FOR CORPORATE CLIMATE LEADERSHIP
®EF» CENTER FOR CORPORATE
CLIMATE
LEADERSHIP
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Launched in 2012, the Center for Corporate Climate Leadership (The Center) serves as a resource for organizations of all sizes in measuring and
managing their GHG emissions. The Center provides technical tools, ground-tested guidance, educational resources, opportunities for information
sharing, and a platform for peer exchange. The Center also promotes practices and innovative approaches, drawing upon the successes of Climate
Leadership Award recipients and former Climate Leaders partners.39
Achievements in 2014
Hosted a webinar series called What is Climate Leadership?*0
highlighting greenhouse gas management resources for small
businesses; organizational leadership; supply chain management;
and navigating the Climate Leadership Awards application process.
Served as the headline sponsor of the third annual Climate
Leadership Conference—an exchange for addressing global climate
change through innovation and business solutions. The conference
brought together more than 400 forward-thinking leaders from
business, government, academia, and the nonprofit community
who shared best practices for integrating GHG reductions, as well
as climate risk and resilience strategies, into their organizations'
operations. The leadership awards were presented during the
conference.
Organized and sponsored the third annual Climate Leadership
Awards (CLA), a national awards program that recognizes and
incentivizes exemplary corporate, organizational, and individual
leadership in response to climate change. In 2014, the awards were
presented to two individuals and 15 organizations from across the
United States who have been leading the way in the management
and reduction of GHG emissions—both in internal operations and
throughout the supply chain. The Center co-sponsored the Awards
with three NGO partners: the Association of Climate Change
Officers, the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), and
The Climate Registry (see Appendix A, pg. 43).
on 3aFor additional information on The Center, see www.epa.gov/climateleadership/.
40 For additional information, see www.epa.gov/climateleadership/events/index.html.
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• Updated and promoted the program's technical resources housed
on The Center's website, including: Direct Fugitive Emissions from
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, Fire Suppression, and Industrial
Gases; Corporate GHG Goal Evaluation Model; Simplified GHG
Emissions (Small Business); and the Emission Factors Hub for
Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
• Updated the "sector spotlight" in the Supply Chain section on The
Center's website for organizations interested in reducing their
supply chain emissions. Specifically, content focused on flat panel
display suppliers' efforts to reduce F-GHG emissions in flat panel
manufacturing in the electronics sector.
STATE AND LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
• Climate Leadership Award winners and The Center's resources
received coverage in several media outlets, including Environmental
Leaderand Trip/ePundit.
State and Local
Climate and Energy Program
EPA helps state, local, and tribal governments use renewable energy, energy efficiency, and other policies to reduce carbon and other air pollution
and to achieve related environmental, energy system, and economic goals. The program provides technical assistance, analytical tools, and peer
exchange opportunities for state, local, and tribal officials.
EPA also supports state and local governments by working with DOE to co-facilitate the State and Local Energy Efficiency Action Network (SEE
Action).41 SEE Action offers information resources and technical assistance to state and local decision makers to support efforts to provide cost-
effective energy efficiency in their communities.
Achievements in 2014
STATE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
• Played an integral role in involving states and utilities in an extensive
external engagement process that contributed to EPA's Clean Power
Plan for Existing Power Plants.
• Released AVERT, the AVoided Emissions and geneRation Tool, which
states can use to quantify and promote the impacts of renewable
energy and energy efficiency policies and programs. Launch was
supported by a webcast and online training.
LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROGRAM
• Hosted the first Climate Showcase Communities Replication
workshop, highlighting successful local and tribal government climate
and energy projects that can be replicated in communities across the
United States. All 50 original Climate Showcase Communities were
invited to participate. The second day of the workshop was open to
all interested communities who wanted to attend and learn more
about replicating successful Climate Showcase Community projects.
• Hosted a webcast for local governments on tracking and evaluating
local sustainability projects.
• Released three guides for local governments on developing and
implementing greenhouse gas reduction programs. These guides
provide comprehensive information for local and tribal government
staff on green power procurement, on-site renewable energy
generation, and combined heat and power.42
FIGURE 20. EPA Supports 50 Climate Showcase Communities
4' For additional information, see www.epa.gov/climateleadership/events/index.html.
42 For additional information, see wwwl.eere.energy.gov/seeaction/.
31
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
Measuring Results of the Climate Protection Partnership Programs
EPA's climate protection partnerships are important components of the U.S. Government's strategy to
address climate change. EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using well-
established methods to estimate the benefits of its programs. To present the most realistic estimates
of program benefits, EPA employs a common analytical framework across all of the individual program
approaches. However, the specific approach will vary by program strategy, sector, availability of data, and
market characteristics.
• The benefits discussed represent the results attributable to EPA efforts above pre-existing trends or
business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios.
• Program methods address data quality, potential double counting with other federal programs, the
efforts of third-party actors, and other program-specific market effects.
• Where uncertainty exists, EPA uses the best available information and practices that yield conservative
benefit estimates.
• Annual benefits reflect investments that occurred during the year, as well as those benefits that persist
during that year from investments made in previous years.
• Cumulative benefits are the sum total of annual benefits through 2014. Cumulative benefits do not
include the benefits expected in future years, such as benefits that will persist over the lifetime of an
investment or expectations of future investments. Cumulative reductions from EPA programs include
only active programs in 2014.
• Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions are estimated for the operational phase of affected
measures, and global warming potentials are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change's Fourth Assessment Report.*3
• Societal benefits are calculated based on the social cost of carbon, which monetizes the damages
associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year.44
The 2014 annual and cumulative environmental and financial benefits are summarized in Table 1 on page 3.
The historical and projected environmental benefits of these programs are summarized in Table 8 on page
33. The information presented in this report is similar to EPA budget information provided by EPA to the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
43 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, IPCC2007.
44 Damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year may include, but are not limited to, changes in net agricultural productivity, human health,
property damages from increased flood risk, and the value of ecosystem services. $12.5 billion and $3.7billion of the societal benefits are from C02 and non-C02 emissions, respectively.
OO The non-C02 emissions were converted to C02-equivalents, assuming global warming potentials from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report before applying the social cost of C02. For more
information, see Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States Government Revised 2015.
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TABLE 8. Overview of GAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs with GHG Reductions and Program Goals
GREENHOUSE
GASES
PROGRAM ADDRESSED
ENERGY STAR PROGRAMS
Certified Products C02
Residential C02
Commercial C02
Industrial C02
KEY SECTORS
Residential,
Commercial
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
1
u
MARKET PENETRATION
INDICATORS START
AS OF 2014 YEAR 2010
More than 70 product lgg2
categories
12% of new home market 1995 2.4
More than 25,000 labeled
buildings across 16 1995 81.2
building types
139 labeled plants across
30 Industrial sectors and 1995 33.2
subsectors
ANNUAL EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS (MMTC02e)
2015 2020
2011 2012 2013 2014 GOAL GOAL
107.4 129.2 155.1 145.8 113.6 141.2
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.8
86.6 89.8 96.0 93.2 75 93.5
32.2 32.7 39.7 41.0 25.6 36.6
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PARTNERSHIPS1
Green Power
Partnership 2
Combined Heat
and Power C02
Partnership
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas STAR CH,
4
AgSTAR2 CH4
Landfill Methane
Outreach Program CH4
(LMOP)2
Coalbed Methane
Outreach Program CH4
(CMOP)
State & Local
Government,
Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
Natural Gas
Agriculture
Waste
Management
Coal Mining
Over 1,200 partners 2001
26.4
Over 480 partners, 37%
of new CHP capacity 2001
creditable to CHPP
134 US and International
partners
239 anaerobic digester
systems
1,100 partners and
endorsers
17 operating coal mine
methane projects in the US
29.6 31.6 36.3 37.1 44 73.3
42.0 31.9 24.1 25.6 30.1 31.8
0.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1
27.6 29.6 40.3 39.5 17.0 18.7
10.2 9.0 9.9 10.1 10.5 10.5
FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS PROGRAMS
Voluntary
Aluminum
. . . . rrUS
Industrial
Partnership
SF6 Emisison
Reduction
Partnerships for SF6
Electric Power
Systems
RAD3 MFCs
GreenChill3 MFCs
Aluminum
Smelting
Electric
Power
Systems
Utility, Retail,
Manufacturer,
State & Local
Government
Supermarket
Industry
98% of Industry 1995 6.7
48% of US transmission
systsm
54 partners servicing 49
states
Partners represent almost
30% of U.S. supermarkets
6.6 7.2 6.5 6.5 0.4 0.4
5.1 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.0
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6
4.6 4.9 4.4 7.4 8.2 13.2
Note: Historic annual reductions reflect the most up-to-date data collected from EPA partners and may differ from reductions reported in previous annual reports. All program benefits reflect GHG
emissions reductions attributable to EPA efforts that are above pre-existing trends, any existing regulatory requirements, or BAU scenarios. EPA also makes adjustments to avoid double counting with
2007). See each individual program write-up in this section for additional details.
' GHG reductions and goals are for both the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership.
2 Program goals include only direct GHG emissions reductions. In 2014, direct emissions reductions were 1.2 MMTC02e for AgSTAR and 30.4 MMTC02e for LMOP.
3 Does not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of 2.1 MMTC02e for RAD and 1.7 MMTC02e for GreenChill per year.
33
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
ENERGY STAR PROGRAMS TO REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA helps U.S. businesses and consumers save money and reduce GHG emissions by labeling energy-efficient
products, raising the bar of energy efficiency in new home construction, and encouraging superior energy management practices in the commercial
and industrial sectors.
EPA calculates GHG emissions benefits of the ENERGY STAR program by applying C02 emissions factors, as applicable, to net annual electricity and
fossil fuel savings attributable to the program. For electricity, a national marginal carbon emissions factor is assumed to reflect power plants that will
run less due to energy efficiency. Emissions factors applied to fossil fuel savings are based on on-site fuel combustion.
The financial benefits for the ENERGY STAR program are placed in present value terms. The GDP Implicit Price Deflator Index is used to convert
nominal dollars to constant current reporting year dollars.45 EPA's calculations assume sector-specific, national-average prices, including electricity
and fossil fuel prices published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).46 A private sector real discount rate is used as the interest rate for
financing purchases of new technologies and practices since the majority of EPA partners making the investments are in the private sector.
The methods for estimating actual and projected energy savings from each of these strategies are described below.
ENERGY STAR Certified Products
• Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program are determined
as those above and beyond BAU purchases of these products.47
These sales are estimated by:
• Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR certified
products from participating product manufacturers, provided to
EPA as a condition of partnership, and comparing these data
to industry reports on total annual product sales. EPA screens
the data and investigates and resolves issues when market
penetration is not as expected.
• Establishing BAU baselines for annual product sales for each
product category based on the benefit/cost ratio for the product
and a characterization of the market barriers for the product.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established values
for the difference in annual energy use between a single ENERGY
STAR product and a typically purchased product. For these values,
EPA:
• Assumes that ENERGY STAR certified products just meet the
ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there are some products
that exceed those levels.
• Assumes the typically purchased product meets minimum
efficiency standards where standards exist. If standards do not
exist, assumes the average energy use of available products
within a category prior to the introduction of an ENERGY STAR
specification. EPA reviewed the baseline assumptions for key
products in 2014.
• Supports primary data collection, such as product metering to
collect power use information, where additional information is
necessary to estimate energy savings.
• Uses product-specific lifetimes that vary from 4 to 20 years.
• Subtracts out the savings associated with products used in
ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes to avoid double counting
savings.
Net energy bill savings is the present value (PV) of energy bill
savings minus the PV of any incremental cost of purchasing an
ENERGY STAR certified product above a standard model over the
product lifetimes discussed above.48
Energy savings goals are estimated based on market projections
for future product sales applied to net annual energy savings for
product types in the program. EPA regularly reassesses key factors,
such as energy consumption of standard non-ENERGY STAR
products, changes in market sales, and new and revised ENERGY
STAR product specifications.
ENERGY STAR Certified New Homes
• EPA receives data quarterly from third-party Home Energy Rating
Providers certified by the Residential Energy Services Network
(RESNET) on the number of homes they have verified to be ENERGY
STAR, provided as a condition of program partnership. These raters
abide by a set of quality assurance practices to ensure data quality.
In addition, EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves any data
irregularities.
• EPA recognizes that some new homes that qualify for ENERGY
STAR are not a direct result of the program and that many homes
built to ENERGY STAR levels due to the program are not labeled
or reported to the program. Currently, EPA estimates the former
number of homes to be lower than the latter.
34
45 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, U.S. Department of Commerce 2015.
41 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Energy Information Administration 2015.
47For more details on many aspects of this method, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, DNV GL Energy & Sustainability 2015.
48 Calculated using a 7% discount rate and 2015 perspective.
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MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
• To account for the energy savings resulting from the operation of
ENERGY STAR certified homes across a range of climates, sizes,
and fuel types, EPA developed composite estimates by determining
the energy consumption of a standard (i.e., code-minimum) home
constructed in each of seven climate zones, taking into account
regional construction characteristics (e.g., foundation type, typical
fuel use profile) and configuring the home to the national model
energy code. EPA then applied ENERGY STAR requirements to each
modeled home to determine the estimated annual energy savings
achieved (for both electricity and natural gas) as compared to the
standard home. This approach avoids double counting of energy
savings from building energy codes.
• Net energy bill savings are calculated using an approach similar
to that used for ENERGY STAR products, where gross energy bill
savings are reduced by the incremental cost of purchasing an
ENERGY STAR certified home. National average energy prices for
the residential sector and a 30-year average lifetime of a home are
assumed.
• The number of ENERGY STAR certified homes to be constructed
in future years is estimated by applying the annualized average
growth of ENERGY STAR certified homes since 1994 to 2012
actuals.
ENERGY STAR Commercial Buildings
• To calculate the national impacts of ENERGY STAR for Commercial
Buildings, EPA uses historical energy consumption data from
the U.S. Energy Information Administration, and other publically
available data, to estimate the differential effects of voluntary
energy efficiency programs on electricity and natural gas
consumption in states with the strongest commitments to voluntary
energy efficiency programs, as identified by ACEEE's annual
state scorecards. The technical details of the impact estimation
methodology, including the econometric models and statistical
tests, are published in double-blind, peer-reviewed scientific
journals.49
• Cumulative annual energy savings for the current year for ENERGY
STAR for Commercial Buildings, defined as the accomplishments
from current year activities as well as from previous year program
activities, are derived after controlling for the uptake in new
equipment, including ENERGY STAR products, in commercial
buildings. In addition, ENERGY STAR for Commercial Buildings
program accomplishments take into account the energy savings
impacts from demand side management programs, state and
third-party public benefits energy efficiency programs, state
building codes and appliance standards programs, and related
EERE programs. Being comprehensive in scope, ENERGY STAR for
Commercial Buildings impact estimates incorporate other notable
secondary effects, including spillover and market transformation
savings.50
• ENERGY STAR for Commercial Buildings annual energy savings
goals are estimated by applying a steady growth rate to program
savings based on an examination of the opportunity for emissions
reductions in the commercial sector.
ENERGY STAR for Industry
• To calculate the national impacts of ENERGY STAR for Industry,
EPA uses historical energy consumption data from the U.S. Energy
Information Administration, and other publically available data, to
develop multivariate statistical models that estimate aggregate,
state-level changes in electricity, natural gas, coal, and petroleum
consumption resulting from voluntary energy efficiency programs.
The technical details of the impact estimation methodology,
including the econometric models and statistical tests, are
published in double-blind, peer-reviewed scientific journals.51
• Cumulative annual energy savings for the current year for ENERGY
STAR for Industry, defined as the accomplishments from current
year activities as well as from previous year program activities, are
derived after controlling for the uptake in new equipment, including
ENERGY STAR products, in industrial facilities. In addition, ENERGY
STAR for Industry program accomplishments take into account the
energy savings impacts from demand side management programs,
state and third-party public benefits energy efficiency programs, and
related EERE programs. Being comprehensive in scope, ENERGY
STAR for Industry impact estimates incorporate other notable
secondary effects, including spillover and market transformation
savings.52
• ENERGY STAR for Industry annual energy savings goals are
estimated by applying a steady growth rate to program savings
based on an examination of the opportunity for emissions
reductions in the industrial sector.
Program Cost-Effectiveness
EPA estimates the cost-effectiveness of the ENERGY STAR Program
for each dollar invested and metric ton of GHG emissions reduced. For
incremental investment ratios, total bill savings and total GHG emissions
reductions are divided by the additional cost (if any) to partners and
consumers of investments in energy efficiency, adjusted for current
reporting year dollars. EPA also calculates the ratio of cumulative net
bill savings and cumulative GHG emissions attributable to ENERGY
STAR, also adjusted for current reporting year dollars.
43 For more details on this method, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Horowitz 2007.
50 For more details on this method, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Horowitz 2015b.
51 For more details on this method, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, Horowitz 2015a.
52 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Appendix D: References Ip. 461, Horowitz 2001,2007, and 2015c.
35
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCING ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
OAP Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs include the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership. The Green
Power Partnership boosts supply of clean energy by helping U.S. organizations purchase electricity from eligible renewable generation sources and install
and use green power on-site. The CHP Partnership dismantles the market barriers preventing investment in environmentally beneficial CHP projects.
The benefits analyses for both energy supply programs are limited to GHG emissions benefits for these programs. Consistent C02 emissions factors
are assumed across OAP programs for electricity and fossil fuel savings attributable to the programs.
Energy savings goals are estimated by applying a steady growth rate to program savings based on an examination of the opportunity for emissions
reductions from green power and CHP.
Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHPP) Green Power Partnership (GPP)
The CHP Partnership's annual GHG emissions reductions are calculated
by subtracting the emissions from specific CHP systems from the
emissions avoided when CHP outputs replace electricity from the power
grid and thermal energy from on-site boilers. CHP system emissions are
calculated using fuel-specific emissions factors, project-specific data and
typical performance parameters. Program partners voluntarily provide
project-specific information on operational CHP projects to EPA and the
data is screened and evaluated before being used to calculate GHG
emissions reductions.
Each CHP system's GHG emissions reductions are calculated individually
for each year of operation, accounting for its actual start-up date.
Emissions reductions account for avoided transmission and distribution
(T&D) losses, based on a published national loss factor.
Only the GHG emissions reductions from CHP systems that meet the
assistance criteria for the program are included in the program benefit
estimates. The Partnership utilizes procedures to exclude emissions
reductions from projects receiving assistance from other OAP Partnership
programs.
EPA CHP partners may also receive assistance from other programs,
including those receiving funding through federal grant programs. No
adjustments are made for such double counting, as the magnitude of
potential overlap is estimated to be equal to or less than projects not
reported to EPA, though influenced by the partnership's broader market
transformation efforts.
As a condition of partnership, GPP partners submit data annually on their
purchases of qualifying green power products. These data are screened
and any issues resolved.
The potential for double counting, such as counting green power
purchases that may be required as part of a renewable portfolio
standard or that rely on resources that are already part of the system
mix, is addressed through a partnership requirement that green power
purchases be incremental to what is already required.
EPA estimates that the majority of the green power purchases made
by program partners are due to the partnership, as partners comply
with aggressive green power procurement requirements (often at
incremental cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates that
its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green power market have likely
led to additional market transformation benefits, leading to additional
voluntary green power purchases that are not included in the program's
GHG emissions reduction estimates.
36
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MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
THE METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
EPA's methane programs facilitate recovery of methane from landfills, oil and natural gas systems, agriculture (manure management), and coal
mines, as well as use of methane as a clean energy resource. Value of gas mitigated assumes all methane mitigated is sold as natural gas, using the
average annual gas price from EIA.53 In order to estimate program goals, OAP relies on a marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve analysis to estimate
future program impacts.
Natural Gas STAR Program
The Natural Gas STAR Program calculates its achieved annual emissions
reductions based on 100 percent of the emissions reductions reported
to the Program by program partners, who submit methane emission
reduction data to EPA annually. These data are used to determine
Program emissions reduction totals and measure the overall effectiveness
of the Natural Gas STAR Program. The Natural Gas STAR Program
focuses on implementation of best management practices (RMPs) and
partner reported opportunities (PROs) that are undertaken by companies
voluntarily. Partner companies have the option of using default calculation
methodologies or company-specific methodologies, which must be
documented on their annual reports. Reported reductions must be
voluntary in nature and cannot be attributable to compliance with existing
regulations. Each annual report is reviewed to ensure that all reductions
data are accurate and non-regulatory in nature. Any inconsistencies are
resolved through direct correspondence with the appropriate partner
company. As appropriate, these data are omitted or adjusted prior to their
inclusion in the Natural Gas STAR Program annual totals.
AgSTAR Program
AgSTAR maintains a database of commercially operational, planned
and shutdown anaerobic digester systems at livestock facilities in the
United States. AgSTAR follows the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) methodology to estimate methane emissions reductions
from these projects and counts both direct and indirect reductions from
anaerobic digester systems in its annual program accomplishments.
Anaerobic digesters reduce GHG emissions in two ways. The first is the
direct methane emissions reduction from the capture and use of biogas
that otherwise would escape into the atmosphere from livestock manure
management systems. For projects that generate energy, a second
benefit is the avoided GHG emissions (C02 and nitrous oxide) and other
pollutants from the use of biogas methane to displace fossil fuels that
otherwise would be used to generate energy.
Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)
LMOP uses methodology for estimating direct methane and indirect C02
emission reductions from LEG energy projects. The direct reductions
represent the collection and destruction of methane generated from
landfill waste, whereas indirect reductions represent offsets from the
combustion of fossil fuels that emit anthropogenic CO LMOP calculates
annual reductions from projects for which LMOP provides assistance,
technical information, and/or where there is partner involvement in
implementing the project. Reductions of methane that are the result of
compliance with EPA's air regulations are not included in the program
estimates. In addition, only emission reductions from projects that
meet the LMOP assistance criteria are included in the program benefit
estimates.
LMOP maintains a comprehensive database of municipal solid waste
landfills and LEG energy projects in the United States. These data are
updated frequently based on information gathered from partners, LMOP's
outreach efforts, and other various sources. In 2011, the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Program began providing annual facility level data related to
LEG emissions, which have been incorporated into the LMOP database.
For operational LEG energy projects, the LMOP database includes the
estimated MW capacity of each electricity project and the estimated
amount of LFG utilized by each direct-use project, which are used in the
calculations to determine annual emission reductions.
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP)
CMOP annually measures the program's accomplishments using a
metric of emissions reductions achieved from coal mine methane
recovery projects in the United States. Emissions reductions attributable
to program activities are distinguished from emissions reductions
that would have occurred without the program. CMOP updated its
methodology in calendar year 2005 to apply a tiered system to total
emissions reductions from active underground and abandoned mines.
This tiered approach gives weightings of 90 percent, 70 percent, and
40 percent, depending on the extent of the program's involvement in
the specific project or the type of project. For example, ventilation air
methane (VAM) emission reduction projects are assigned the highest
weighting because of the program's instrumental role in promoting and
demonstrating this innovative emissions reduction technology. Similarly,
projects where direct technical assistance was provided by CMOP are
also given a high weighting. In 2012, the Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program began providing annual facility-level emissions and other
data from this sector, which can be used in the calculation of CMOP
accomplishments.
53 For more information, see Appendix D: References (p. 461, Energy Information Administration 2015.
37
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
THE FLUORINATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS
Through fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs, EPA identifies cost-effective emissions reductions opportunities, recognizes industry
accomplishments, and facilitates the transition toward best environmental practices and technologies that are more environmentally friendly.
Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership
(VAIP)
Historically, VAIP has used a methodology to estimate emissions of
PFCs based on the smelter-specific correlation between measured
PFC emissions and operating parameters, weighted by activity data.
VAIP participants reported a smelter-specific emissions coefficient
derived from stack measurements and annual operating parameter data
(frequency and duration of anode effects) and production data. EPA
calculated the VAIP program achievements as the difference between
annual estimated emissions under BAU practices (based on emissions
rates from 1990) and current annual emissions as reported under
the program. In 2011, the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program began
providing annual facility-level emissions data from this sector from both
partners and non-partners. These data replace the partnership-collected
data. In order to estimate program goals, OAP relies on a marginal
abatement cost (MAC) curve analysis to estimate future program impacts.
SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership for
Electric Power Systems (EPS)
The SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems
has been estimating emissions of SF6 using a facility-specific mass-
balance methodology. The mass-balance method works by tracking
and systematically accounting for all company uses of SF6 during the
reporting year. This method is provided by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as
the Tier 3 approach for estimating emissions from electrical transmission
and distribution facilities. EPA calculates program achievements as the
difference between annual estimated emissions under BAU practices
and annual reported emissions under the program.
In 2012, the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program began providing
annual facility-level emissions data from this sector, from both partners
and non-partners. In most cases, these data replace the partnership-
collected data since the majority of partner facilities are subject to
mandatory reporting through the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. In
order to estimate program goals, OAP relies on a marginal abatement
cost (MAC) curve analysis to estimate future program impacts.
Responsible Appliance Disposal Program
(RAD)
To estimate emissions reductions, the masses of individual refrigerant
and foam-blowing agents reclaimed or destroyed by RAD partners,
provided by the partners in annual reports disaggregated by chemical,
are multiplied by their global warming potential and summed. Only
hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs) are included in the totals; the ozone-depleting
substances (ODS) are not included. The destruction or reclamation of
these chemicals is not required by law; however, partners voluntarily
undertake these emissions reductions pursuant to their agreement as
RAD program partners.
A projection of the number of appliances collected and processed by
RAD partners is made. To estimate future emissions reductions, the past
emissions reductions are scaled based on the number of appliances
collected and processed by RAD partners in those years. In addition, it is
assumed that the chemicals whose emissions are avoided will change
over time due to the projected ODS to HFC transition.
Finally, these results are adjusted to account for the recycling of durable
components (metal, plastic, glass) that also occurs under the RAD
program. EPAs Waste Reduction Model (WARM) is used to estimate this
factor for each year data were reported, and the weighted average of
those calculations is used for future projections.54
GreenChill Partnership
To determine emissions reductions from the GreenChill Partnership,
partners provide annual reports of their corporate banks of refrigerant
(i.e., refrigerant contained in equipment owned by the partner) as well
as emissions. EPA analyzes this information from partners, extrapolates
trends, and compares the results to typical U.S. non-GreenChill
supermarkets. GreenChill partners provide emissions data disaggregated
by chemical. These data are used to calculate emissions of MFCs in C02
equivalents and to determine the weighted average emissions rate of
the GreenChill partners. To ensure calculations are correct, each partner
is given a report it can use to double-check its corporate-wide emissions
rates, and partnership averages are provided so that partners can assess
the reasonableness of those averages, benchmark their own emissions
rates, and set goals to improve.
The average partner emissions are then compared to the national
average for typical U.S. supermarkets, based on information from
EPAs Vintaging Model, the partners, and other industry experts.
The past emissions reductions from the partnership are then taken
as the difference of the emissions from the typical U.S. store and
the partnership average store, multiplied by the number of stores
represented by the data provided by the partners.
Due to phaseout regulations for ozone-depleting substances under
CAA Title VI, it is assumed that the types of refrigerant used by all
OO 54For more information about WARM, see www.epa.gov/climatechange/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html.
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MEASURING RESULTS: REPORT METHODOLOGY
supermarkets, including GreenChill partners, will change over time,
replacing ozone-depleting substances with alternatives (primarily
MFCs). To be conservative, it is assumed that the average GWP of the
alternatives used today will stay the same in the future.
In addition, GreenChill has fostered leak reductions amongst the
partnership. Annual emissions rates as calculated above (total partner
emissions divided by total partner banks) change from year to year. The
average reduction in emissions rates achieved during past years is then
assumed to continue annually into the future, on a percent reduction
basis (i.e., so that future leak rates never reach or go below zero
percent).
GreenChill assumes that the market share represented by all GreenChill
partners increases annually based on the historic growth rate. To be
conservative, it is assumed that individual GreenChill partners do not
increase their market share, even though promotion and monetary
savings through the partnership may help them do so.
Key Changes to Results Measurements for the 2014 Annual Report
• Global warming potentials from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report are applied to all GHG
estimates.
• Historical values in Table 8 have changed since the 2013 Annual Report for Methane and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas programs to reflect
additional information received from program partners and the Fourth Assessment Report global warming potentials.
ENERGY STAR program cost-effectiveness metrics updated for year 2014 reporting.
39
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
APPENDIX A
ENERGY STAR Award Winners for Achievements in 2014
PARTNER OF THE YEAR -
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
AEP Ohio
Columbus, OH
AEP Texas Central
Corpus Christi, TX
Allergan, Inc.
Irving CA
Arizona Public Service
PhoGnix AZ
Baltimore Gas and Electric
ComDsnv
Baltimore, MD
Beacon Capital Partners, LLC
Boston, MA
Bentall Kennedy
Seattle, WA
Brandywine Realty Trust
Radnor, PA
BOMA International
Washington, DC
Burton Energy Group
Alpharetta, GA
CalPortland Company
Glendora, CA
CBRE Group, Inc.
Los Angeles, CA
Cenergistic
nallan TX
Ltallao, IA
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
Colgate-Palmolive Company
New York, NY
Columbia Gas of Ohio
Columbus, OH
ComEd
Chicago, IL
Des Moines Public Schools
Des Moines, IA
DIRECTV
El Segundo, CA
DTZ
Washington, DC
Eastman Chemical Company
Kingsport, TN
Ecova
Spokane, WA
EnergyCAP, Inc.
State College, PA
Energy Inspectors
Las Vegas, NV
Evergreen Public Schools
Vancouver, WA
Fanning Howey
Celina, OH
Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
- ...
hood Lion
Salisbury, NC
General Motors Company
Detroit, Ml
Habitat for Humanity of Greater
Nashville
Nashville TN
Habitat for Humanity of Metro
DGnvcr
Denver, CO
Hanesbrands Inc.
Winston Salem, NC
Hines
Houston, TX
Hoshizaki America, Inc.
Peachtree City, GA
Houston Habitat For Humanity
Houston, TX
ITW Food Equipment Group
Glenview, IL
J.C. Penney Company, Inc.
Piano, TX
ii i
JLL
Chicago, IL
IfD Unmo
I\D numc
Los Angeles, CA
Kenton County School District
fit Wright, KY
Kohl's Department Stores
Menomonee Falls, Wl
LG Electronics
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Liberty Property Trust
Malvern, PA
Loudoun County Public Schools
Broadlands, VA
Manitowoc Foodservice
New Port Richey, FL
Memorial Hermann Health System
Houston, TX
Merck & Co., Inc.
Kenilworth, NJ
Meritage Homes Corporation
Scottsdale,AZ
Milford Housing Development
Corporation
Milford, DE
Nationwide Marketing Group
Winston Salem, NC
New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
Trenton, NJ
New York State Energy
Research and Development
Authority
Albany, NY
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Nissan North America, Inc.
Franklin, TN
North Penn School District
Lansdale, PA
Northeast Energy Efficiency
Partnerships (NEEP)
Lexington, MA
Panasonic Eco Solutions
Newark, NJ
Pella Corporation
Pella, IA
PepsiCo, Inc.
Purchase, NY
Philips
Somerset, NJ
PSEG Long Island
Uniondale, NY
Raytheon Company
Waltham, MA
Saint-Gobain
Valley Forge, PA
Samsung Electronics
Seoul, South Korea
Sears Holdings Corporation
Hoffman Estates, IL
Servidyne
Atlanta, GA
Southern California Edison
Rosemead, CA
Southern Maryland Electric
Cooperative (SMECO)
Hughesville, MD
Staples, Inc.
Framingham, MA
The Boeing Company
Chicago, IL
The Home Depot
Atlanta, GA
The NH Energy Efficiency Team
Manchester, NH
TIAA-CREF
New York, NY
Toyota Motor Engineering &
Manufacturing North America, Inc.
Erlanger, KY
TRANSWESTERN
Houston, TX
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
Verizon
New York, NY
Vornado Realty Trust
New York, NY
PARTNER OF THE
YEAR -CLIMATE
COMMUNICATIONS
Des Moines Public Schools
Des Moines, IA
General Motors Company
Detroit, Ml
JLL
Chicago, IL
KB Home
Los Angeles, CA
LG Electronics
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Metro Lighting
Brentwood, MO
Samsung Electronics Co.
Seoul, South Korea
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
AEP Southwestern Electric
Power Company (SWEPCO)
Shreveport, LA
Best Buy Co., Inc.
Richfield, MN
Brighton Homes
Boise, ID
Bristol-Myers Squibb
New York, NY
Building Energy, Inc.
Star, ID
Cherokee County Schools
Murphy, NC
Cobblestone Homes
Saginaw, Ml
Consumers Energy
Jackson, Ml
Corning Incorporated
Corning, NY
Eaton's Cooper Lighting
Business
Peachtree City, GA
Efficiency Vermont
Burlington, VT
EnergyPrint
St. Paul, MN
Enersafe, LLC
Linwood, Ml
Fannie Mae Multifamily
Washington, DC
Fulton Homes
Tempe,AZ
Goby
Chicago, IL
Good Earth Lighting
Mount Prospect, IL
Illinois Energy & Recycling Office
at the Department of Commerce
and Economic Opportunity
Springfield, IL
Intertape Polymer Group, Inc.
Sarasota, FL
Jacksonville Building Science, LLC
Jacksonville, FL
Kentucky School Boards
Association
Frankfort KY
Kilroy Realty Corporation
Los Angeles, CA
Mansfield Independent School
District
Mansfield, TX
MaxLite
WestCaldwell,NJ
New Mexico Gas Company,
a TECO Energy Company
Albuquerque, NM
Parmenter
Miami, FL
PECO
Philadelphia, PA
PEG
Fairfax, VA
Pentair Aquatic Systems
Sanford, NC
Potomac Electric Power
Company ("Pepco")
Washington, DC
PPL Electric Utilities
Allentown, PA
Providence Homes
Jacksonville, FL
Sacramento Municipal Utility
District
Sacramento, CA
Salt River Project Agricultural
Improvement and Power District
Tempe,AZ
Scott County Schools
Georgetown, KY
SkyeTec
Jacksonville, FL
SL Green Realty Corp
New York, NY
SoCalGas
Los Angeles, CA
Soft-Lite Windows
Streetsboro, OH
The Kroger Co.
Cincinnati, OH
The Lighting & Products
Sponsors of Mass Save1"
Westwood, MA
Tishman Speyer
New York, NY
TopBuild Home Services
Daytona Beach, FL
Whirlpool Corporation
Benton Harbor, Ml
AWARDS FOR
EXCELLENCE
ENERGY STAR Promotion
Columbia Association
Columbia, MD
National Grid
Waltham, MA
ProVia
Sugarcreek, OH
The United Illuminating
Company
Orange, CT
Retailing
Metro Lighting
Brentwood, MO
Affordable Housing
NeighborWorks® TOLEDO
REGION
Toledo, OH
40
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AWARDS
2014 Green Power Leadership Awards
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Apple Inc.
BD
Google Inc.
Oklahoma State University
GREEN POWER PURCHASING
City of Beaverton, OR
City of Houston, TX
Herman Miller, Inc.
June Key Delta Community Center
Philadelphia Insurance Companies
REI
Steelcase Inc.
Town of Peterborough, New Hampshire
Cupertino, CA
Franklin Lakes, NJ
Mountain View, CA
Stillwater, OK
Beaverton, OR
Houston, TX
Zealand, Ml
Portland, OR
Bala Cynwyd, PA
Kent, WA
Grand Rapids, Ml
Peterborough, NH
ON-SITE GENERATION
City of Las Vegas, NV
City of Philadelphia, PA
Las Vegas, NV
Philadelphia, PA
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE IN GREEN POWER
Intel Corporation Santa Clara, CA
Kohl's Department Stores Menomonee Falls, I/I//
GREEN POWER COMMUNITY OF THE YEAR
Medford, OR Community Medford,OR
Oak Ridge, TN Community Oak Ridge, TN
GREEN POWER SUPPLIER OF THE YEAR
SDegrees Group, Inc. San Francisco, CA
Portland General Electric Portland, OR
Renewable Choice Energy Boulder, CO
Washington Gas Energy Services Washington, DC
2014 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards
CHPP PROJECT
Eastman Chemical Company, Tennessee Operations
Janssen Research & Development, LLC
Merck West Point CoGenS Facility
LOCATION
Kingsport, TN
Spring House, PA
West Point, PA
CONTRIBUTING EPA CHPP PARTNERS
ABB, GE Power and Water
Caterpillar
Burns & Roe, GE Power and Water
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
AWARDS
2014 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Projects and Partner of the Year Awards
PROJECTS AND PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Seneca Energy II Renewable Natural Gas Facility
Sand Valley Landfill Gas to Electric Plant
Hancock County
(2014 Community Partner of the Year)
Waterloo, NY
CoIIinsville, AL
Find/ay, OH
2014 GreenChill Achievement Awards
SUPERIOR GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
Hannaford
Harris Teeter
Hy-Vee
King Kullen
EXCEPTIONAL GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
Hy-Vee
King Kullen
MOST IMPROVED EMISSIONS RATE
Brookshire Grocery Company (since baseline year)
Harris Teeter (year-to-year)
BEST EMISSIONS RATE
PortTownsend Food Co-op
Stater Bros. Supermarkets
BEST OF THE BEST
Sprouts Farmers Market- Dunwoody, GA
STORE CERTIFICATION EXCELLENCE
(SUPERMARKET PARTNER)
Sprouts Farmers Market
STORE CERTIFICATION EXCELLENCE
(NON-SUPERMARKET PARTNER)
Hillphoenix
STORE RE-CERTIFICATION EXCELLENCE
(SUPERMARKET PARTNER)
Sprouts Farmers Market- San Diego, CA
Stater Bros. Supermarkets - Carlsbad, CA
Stater Bros. Supermarkets - Cathedral City, CA
Stater Bros. Supermarkets - Moreno Valley, CA
Wegmans - Lanham, MD
Whole Foods Market- Santa Rosa, CA
DISTINGUISHED PARTNER
Food Lion
42
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AWARDS
APPENDIX
2014 Climate Leadership Award Winners
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP AWARD
City of Chula Vista, CA
Sprint
University of California, Irvine
INDIVIDUAL LEADERSHIP AWARD
Sam Brooks, Associate Director, D.C. Department
of General Services
Robert Taylor, Energy Manager, Washington Suburban
Sanitary Commission
SUPPLY CHAIN LEADERSHIP AWARD
Sprint
EXCELLENCE IN GHG MANAGEMENT
(GOAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD)
The Boeing Company
Caesars Entertainment
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Ecolab
The Hartford
IBM
Johnson Controls
Kohl's Department Stores
MackTrucks
Novelis
EXCELLENCE IN GHG MANAGEMENT
(GOAL SETTING CERTIFICATE)
Fruit of the Loom, Inc.
Hasbro, Inc.
Kohl's Department Stores
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
APPENDIX B
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1. ENERGY STAR Annual Benefits 4
FIGURE 2. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions from OAP Climate Partnerships Exceed 418 MMTC02e in 2014 5
FIGURE 3. More Than 5.2 Billion ENERGY STAR Certified Products Purchased Since the Program Began 7
FIGURE 4. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States 10
FIGURE 5. 1.6 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Label 12
FIGURE 6. 12 Percent of New Homes Nationwide Earned the ENERGY STAR Label in 2014 12
FIGURE 7. Home Performance With ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country in 2014 13
FIGURE 8. Cumulative Square Feet Benchmarked in Portfolio Manager 14
FIGURE 9. Nearly 25,000 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Through 2014 15
FIGURE 10. Annual GHG Emissions Reductions by the Carbon Dioxide Reducing Energy Supply Programs 18
FIGURE 11. Green Power Purchased and GHG Emissions Reductions 19
FIGURE 12. Natural Gas STAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions 21
FIGURE 13. AgSTAR Annual Methane Emissions Reductions 22
FIGURE 14. LMOP Annual Methane Emissions Reduced and Carbon Dioxide Avoided 23
FIGURE 15. CMOP Annual Methane Emissions Reductions 25
FIGURE 16. VAIP Annual Emissions Reductions 27
FIGURE 17. EPS Annual Emissions Reductions 27
FIGURE 18. RAD Representation by State 28
FIGURE 19. GreenChill Partner Stores in 2014 29
FIGURE 20. EPA Supports 50 Climate Showcase Communities 31
44
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APPENDIX
APPENDIX C
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. Summary of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs' Benefits and Goals (In Billions of 2014 Dollars and
MMTC02e) 3
TABLE 2. Summary of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs 6
TABLES. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2014 8
TABLE 4. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards with Product Specifications and Revisions 9
TABLES. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised,and In Progress 11
TABLE 6. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy 17
TABLE?. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share 20
TABLE 8. Overview of OAP Climate Protection Partnership Programs with Annual GHG Reductions and Program Goals 33
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2014 REPORT
APPENDIX D
REFERENCES
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, Climate Change Division,
Stratospheric Protection Division, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 2015. Partner and emissions data for 2014 provided by
individual programs within the Office of Atmospheric Programs.
DNV GL Energy & Sustainability. 2015. "E-CAST 2014 Results for Carbon
and Energy Savings from the ENERGY STAR Program." Technical
Memorandum to EPA December 2015.
Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2015. Annual Energy Outlook
2015 with Projections to 2040. Office of Integrated and International
Energy Analysis. (DOE/EIA-0383(2015). April. Available online at www.
eia.gov/forecasts/aeo.
Horowitz, Marvin J. 2014a. "Purchased Energy and Policy Impacts in
the U.S. Manufacturing Sector." Energy Efficiency, DOI 10.1007/s12053-
013-9200-3, February.
Horowitz, Marvin J., 2016a. "Technical Memorandum: Impact
Evaluation of ENERGY STARforthe Commercial Buildings Sector in
2013" to EPA February 2016.
Horowitz, Marvin J., 2016b. "Technical Memorandum: Impact
Evaluation of ENERGY STARforthe Industrial Sector in 2013" to EPA
February 2016.
Horowitz, M.J. 2007. "Changes in Electricity Demand in the United
States from the 1970s to 2003." The Energy Journal, Vol 28, Summer
(3):93-119.
Horowitz, M.J. 2001. "Economic Indicators of Market Transformation:
Energy Efficient Lighting and EPA's Green Lights." The Energy Journal,
Vol 22, Fall (4):95-122.
Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States
Government. 2013 (Revised July 2015). Technical Support Document:
Technical Update of the Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact
Analysis Under Executive Order 12866. November. United States
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default/files/omb/inforeg/scc-tsd-f inal-july-2015.pdf
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team,
Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2015.
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October 2015. Available online atwww.bea.gov/national/txt/dpga.txt.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015a. Inventory of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013. Tables ES-7 and
ES-8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. U.S.
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Main-Text.pdf.
U.S. EPA. 2015b. National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2014:
Analysis of 2014 CEE Household Survey. Office of Air and Radiation,
Climate Protection Partnerships Division. Available online at http://
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U.S. Census Bureau. 2015. 2013 Annual Survey of Manufactures.
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United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA430R14009
www.epa.gov
March 2016
Recycled/Recyclable Printed on paper contsining 50% post consumer wsste.
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