Fast Facts
1990-2014
National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory
HH
^^BHWfaWfRWWM
6Q7H nnillion metric tons
/0/U CO2 equivalent
1.0%^[rom2013
I6V6JS
i 1990 to 2014
_ -^ , A.
7.4% t
769^) of total emissions
1.0% t [rom2013
*^ ' ^ If^w^jc
lotal
emissions
8.6% t
Total C02
emissions
9OO/« ^
." /O I
C02 emissions
from fossil fuel
combustion
5.6%*
Methane
emissions
To learn more about the inventory, scan the QR code to the left,
visit www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html. or
explore the data at www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/inventoryexplorer.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
April 2016
EPA 430-F-l6-002
-------
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT CO2 Equivalents)
by Gas
8,000-,
7,000-
6,000-
j 5,000-
O1 4,000-
ro 3,000-
2,000-
1,000-
0
MFCs, PFCs, SF6 and IMF,
Methane
l Nitrous Oxide
l Carbon Dioxide
O i— CN CO
Gas/Source
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks
by Chapter/IPCC Sector
8,000 -
7,000 -
6,000 -
5,000 -
4,000 -
3,000 -
2,000 -
1,000 -
0
-1000-1
I Waste
I Energy
Industrial Processes Agriculture
I Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (sinks)
_ CMCO^TLO-Or^cQOOr— CMCO^TLO-Or^cQOOr— CMCO^T
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOi— i— i— i— i—
0*000000000000000000000000
.— .— .— .— .— .— .— .— .— .— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM
2014 U.S.CO2 Emissions
from Fossil Fuel Combustion by
Fuel Type and End-Use Sector
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Note: Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0.5 Tg C02 Eq. from geothermal-
based electricity generation.
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Allocated to Economic Sectors
8,000-,
7,000-
6,000-
5,000-
4,000-
3,000-
2,000-
1,000-
l Residential
Industry
Commercial
Transportation
• Agriculture
I Electric Power Industry
• o >— CN co
Note: Does not include U.S. territories.
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
with Electricity Distributed to
Economic Sectors
8,000
7,000
6,000
S 5,000
§ 4,000
ff 3,000
2,000
1,000
•Agriculture • Residential Commercial
• Transportation Industry
I
§r— cNco^rio-or^coo-O'— cNco^rio-or^coo-
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO'
Note: Does not include U.S. territories.
+ Does not exceed 0.05 MMT C02 Eq.
3 Emissions from wood biomass and ethanol consumption are not included
specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes
in biogenic carbon reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for land use,
land-use change, and forestry.
b Emissions from international bunker fuels are not included in totals.
= Small amounts of RFC emissions also result from this source.
d Total gross emissions exclude land use, land-use change, and forestry. Net
emissions include this category.
Note:Totals may not sum due to independent rounding.
C02
Fossil Fuel Combustion
Electricity Generation
Transportation
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
U.S. Territories
Non-Energy Use of Fuels
Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production
Natural Gas Systems
Cement Production
Petrochemical Production
Lime Production
Other Process Uses of Carbonates
Ammonia Production
Incineration of Waste
Carbon Dioxide Consumption
Urea Consumption for Non-Agricultural Purposes
Petroleum Systems
Aluminum Production
Soda Ash Production and Consumption
Ferroalloy Production
Titanium Dioxide Production
Glass Production
Phosphoric Acid Production
Zinc Production
Lead Production
Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption
Magnesium Production and Processing
Wood Biomass and Ethanol Consumption1
International Bunker ft/e/s*
r*u
On4
Natural Gas Systems
Enteric Fermentation
Landfills
Petroleum Systems
Coal Mining
Manure Management
Wastewater Treatment
Rice Cultivation
Stationary Combustion
Abandoned Underground Coal Mines
Composting
Mobile Combustion
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
Petrochemical Production
Ferroalloy Production
Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption
Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production
Incineration of Waste
International Bunker ft/e/s*
N20 ^|
Agricultural Soil Management
Stationary Combustion
Manure Management
Mobile Combustion
Nitric Acid Production
AdipicAcid Production
Wastewater Treatment
N20 from Product Uses
Composting
Incineration of Waste
Semiconductor Manufacture
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
International Bunker ft/e/s*
MFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF
MFCs
Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances'
HCFC-22 Production
Semiconductor Manufacture
Magnesium Production and Processing
RFC
Semiconductor Manufacture
Aluminum Production
Electrical Transmission and Distribution
Magnesium Production and Processing
Semiconductor Manufacture
NF3
Semiconductor Manufacture
Total Emissions'1
LULUCF Emissions
LULUCFTotal Net Flux
LULUCF Sector Total
Net Emissions (Sources and Sinks)
5,115.1
4,740.7
1,820.8
1,493.8
842.5
338.3
217.4
27.9
118.1
99.7
37.7
33.3
21.6
11.7
4.9
13.0
8.0
1.5
3.8
3.6
6.8
2.8
2.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
+
2/9.4
103.5
206.8
164.2
179.6
38.7
96.5
37.2
15.7
13.1
8.5
7.2
0.4
5.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
,o,:
303.3
11.9
14.0
41.2
12.1
15.2
3.4
4.2
0.3
0.5
6,122.7
5,747.1
2,400.9
1,887.0
828.0
357.8
223.5
49.9
138.9
66.5
30.1
45.9
27.4
14.6
6.3
9.2
12.5
1.4
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.0
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.3
1.0
0.6
0.2
+
229.8
113.1
717.4
177.3
168.9
154.0
48.8
64.1
56.3
15.9
13.0
7.4
6.6
1.9
2.7
0.2
0.1
0.1
,,,,
297.2
20.2
16.5
34.4
11.3
7.1
4.3
4.2
1.7
0.4
0.1
0.1
10
5 688 8
5,358.3
2,258.4
1,728.3
775.5
334.6
220.1
41.4
114.1
55.7
32.4
31.3
27.2
13.4
9.6
9.2
11.0
4.4
4.7
4.2
2.7
2.7
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.1
1.2
0.5
0.2
+
265.1
117.0
™
166.2
171.3
142.1
54.1
82.3
60.9
15.5
11.9
7.1
6.6
1.8
2.3
0.3
0.1
„.,
320.7
22.2
17.2
23.6
11.5
4.2
4.5
4.2
1.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
1.0
5 559 5
5 349 2
2.8
21.5
3,,
25.4
5.2
0.5
3.2
3.4
,4.0
10.6
2.7
0.7
2.7
1.9
u
7.0
2.1
0.4
5,227.7
2,157.7
1,707.6
773.3
326.8
220.7
41.5
108.5
59.9
35.7
32.0
26.3
14.0
9.3
9.3
10.5
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.3
2.7
1.7
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.3
0.5
0.2
+
268.1
111.7
,,,.4
170.1
168.9
144.4
56.3
71.2
61.5
15.3
11.8
7.1
6.4
1.9
2.2
0.3
0.1
.,«
323.1
21.3
17.4
22.4
10.9
10.2
4.7
4.2
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
1.0
3.5
3.5
,0.0
6.8
2.8
0.4
«
0.7
5,024.7
2,022.2
1,696.8
782.9
282.5
196.7
43.6
105.6
54.2
35.2
35.1
26.5
13.7
8.0
9.4
10.4
4.0
4.4
3.9
3.4
2.8
1.9
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.5
0.5
0.2
+
267.7
105.8
7,4.4
172.6
166.7
142.3
58.4
66.5
63.7
15.0
11.9
6.6
6.2
1.9
2.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
,09,
323.1
21.4
17.5
20.0
10.5
5.5
4.8
4.2
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
3.1
2.9
•
5.6
1.6
0.4
•
0.6
5,502.6
5,157.6
2,038.1
1,713.0
812.2
329.7
221.0
43.5
121.7
52.2
38.5
36.1
26.4
14.0
10.4
10.0
9.4
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.3
2.8
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.4
0.5
0.2
+
286.3
99.8
175.6
165.5
144.3
64.7
64.6
61.4
14.8
11.9
8.0
6.2
2.0
2.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
403.4
318.6
22.9
17.5
18.2
10.7
4.0
4.8
4.2
1.8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
172.6
158.9
154.6
4.1
0.2
0.1
5.8
2.9
3.0
5.4
1.5
0.4
0.6
0.6
5,556.0
5,208.2
2,039.3
1,737.6
813.3
345.1
231.9
41.0
114.3
55.4
42.4
38.8
26.5
14.1
12.1
9.4
9.4
4.5
4.0
3.6
2.8
2.8
1.9
1.8
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.5
0.2
+
293.7
103.2
730.8
176.1
164.3
148.0
68.1
67.6
61.2
14.7
11.9
8.1
6.3
2.1
2.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
403.5
318.4
23.4
17.5
16.3
10.9
5.4
4.8
4.2
1.8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
180.1
166.7
161.2
5.0
0.3
0.1
1.6
3.0
2.5
5.6
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.5
6,397.1 II 7,378.8 6,985.5 6,865.4 6,643.0 6,800.0 6,870.5
15.0
(753.0)
(738.0)
28.2
(726.7)
(698.5)
17.8 22.9
(784.3) (784.9)
(766.4) (762.0)
32.3
(782.0)
(749.7)
24.1 24.6
(783.7) (787.0)
(759.6) (762.5)
5,659.2 II 6,680.3 6,219.0 6,103.4 5,893.3 6,040.4 6,108.0
------- Global Warming Potentials (1 00-Year Time Horizon) Carbon Information • Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type ^•CK^H C02 N20 HFC-23 HFC-32 HFC-43-10mee HFC-125 HFC-134a HFC-143a HFC-152a HFC-227ea HFC-236fa CF < C2F6 C F 3 8 C'F 4 8 C5F,2 C6F14 SF 6 NF3 1 nr ZO 298 14,800 675 1,640 3,500 1,430 4,470 124 3,220 9,810 7,390 12,200 8,830 8,860 10,300 9,160 9,300 22,800 17,200 o a warming po en la ( ) is e ne ^g va|ues jn ^|S ^Q^e provjde conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents. as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of These factors can be us£d as defau|, factorSi if |oca, dat£ Jre not avai|abte > a gas over a specified time horizon resulting 1 from the emission of a unit mass of gas IWPH HNHMH relative to a reference gas. The GWP-weighted ^^gLj^^ ^^^^^^^| 1 emissions of direct greenhouse gases in the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (C02), , using units of million metric tons of carbon i, dioxide equivalents (MMT C02 Eq.). m:-'-~] Conversion: 1 million metric tons = 1 06 metric tons = 1 09 kg 1 The molecularweight of carbon is 12, and the 1 molecular weight of oxygen is 1 6; therefore, the molecular weight of C02 is 44 (i.e., 1 2 + [1 6 x 2]), as compared to 1 2 for carbon alone. Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide is 12/44. 1 Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents: MMT C02 Eq . = (of g9as) x (GWP) x (] m Gg) Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) Solid Fuels Anthracite Coal Bituminous Coal Sub-bituminous Coal Lignite Coke Unspecified Coal Gas Fuels Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Mo tor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Jet Fuel Aviation Gasoline LPG Kerosene Still Gas Petroleum Coke Pentanes Plus Unfinished Oils Million Btu/Metric Ton 24.88 26.33 18.89 14.18 25.76 27.58 Btu/Cubic Foot 1,032 Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel 5.06 5.83 6.29 5.67 5.05 3.54 5.67 6.00 6.02 4.62 5.83 1 Carbon (C) Content Coefficients kg C/Million Btu 28.28 25.44 26.50 26.65 31.00 25.34 14.46 kg C/Million Btu 19.46 20.17 20.48 19.70 18.86 16.83 19.96 18.20 27.85 19.10 20.31 Carbon Dioxide (C02) per Physical Unit 1 kgC02/MetricTon 2,579.9 2,456.1 1,835.5 1,385.6 2,928.1 2,562,5 0.0547 kg C02/Petroleum Barrel 361.0 431.2 472.3 409.6 349.2 218.5 415.0 400.4 614.7 323.6 434.2 Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 201 4 U.S. average values. All factors are presented in gross calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). LPG - liquefied petroleum gases. *" ->^ ' Et» 59» Energy Units Unit Conversions Btu MBtu MMBtu BBtu TBtu QBtu British thermal unit 1 Btu Thousand Btu lx!03Btu Million Btu lx!06Btu Billion Btu IxlO'Btu Trillion Btu lx!012Btu Quadrillion Btu lx!015Btu 1 pound =0.454 kilograms 1 kilogram =2. 205 pounds 1 short ton = 0.9072 metric tons 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meters 1 cubic meter =35. 31 5 cubic feet 1 U.S. gallon =3.78541 liters 1 liter =0.2642 U.S. gallons 1 barrel =31.5 U.S. gallons 1 barrel petroleum = 42 U.S. gallons = 1 6 ounces = 35.27 ounces = 2,000 pounds = 28.31 68 liters = 1,000 liters = 0.031 75 barrels = 0.0084 barrels = 119 liters = 1 59 liters = 0.02381 barrels petroleum = 0.0063 barrels petroleum = 0.75 barrels petroleum For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID at www.epa.gov/energy/egrid. For other related information, see www.epa.gov/climatechange and http://unfccc.int. ------- |