Fast Facts
1990-2014
                            National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory

HH
^^BHWfaWfRWWM


6Q7H nnillion metric tons
/0/U CO2 equivalent
1.0%^[rom2013
I6V6JS
i 1990 to 2014
_ -^ , A.
7.4% t

769^) of total emissions
1.0% t [rom2013
*^ ' ^ If^w^jc
lotal
emissions
8.6% t
Total C02
emissions

9OO/« ^
." /O I
C02 emissions
from fossil fuel
combustion
                                               5.6%*
                                               Methane
                                               emissions
          To learn more about the inventory, scan the QR code to the left,
          visit www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html. or
          explore the data at www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/inventoryexplorer.
       United States
       Environmental Protection
       Agency
   April 2016
   EPA 430-F-l6-002

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   U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
                                                                 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and  Sinks (MMT  CO2  Equivalents)
                                                        by Gas
      8,000-,
      7,000-
      6,000-
   j  5,000-
  O1  4,000-
   ro  3,000-
      2,000-
      1,000-
          0
                 MFCs, PFCs, SF6 and IMF,
                 Methane
                              l Nitrous Oxide
                              l Carbon Dioxide
                                                        O i— CN CO
                                                                          Gas/Source
                                                                                                                                           2010      2011       2012       2013      2014
   U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks
                                     by Chapter/IPCC Sector
      8,000 -
      7,000 -
      6,000 -
      5,000 -
      4,000 -
      3,000 -
      2,000 -
      1,000 -
         0
      -1000-1
               I Waste
               I Energy
              Industrial Processes    Agriculture
             I Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (sinks)
             _   CMCO^TLO-Or^cQOOr— CMCO^TLO-Or^cQOOr— CMCO^T
             OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOi— i— i— i— i—
             0*000000000000000000000000
             .— .— .— .— .— .— .— .— .— .— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM
   2014 U.S.CO2  Emissions
                              from Fossil Fuel Combustion by
                                Fuel Type and End-Use Sector
                     Petroleum
                                      Natural Gas
Note: Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0.5 Tg C02 Eq. from geothermal-
based electricity generation.
   U.S. Greenhouse Gas  Emissions
                              Allocated to Economic Sectors
      8,000-,
      7,000-
      6,000-
      5,000-
      4,000-
      3,000-
      2,000-
      1,000-
              l Residential
               Industry
                Commercial
                Transportation
• Agriculture
I Electric Power Industry
                                                       • o >— CN co
Note: Does not include U.S. territories.
   U.S. Greenhouse Gas  Emissions
                                with Electricity Distributed to
                                            Economic Sectors
     8,000
     7,000
     6,000
  S 5,000
  §  4,000
  ff 3,000
     2,000
     1,000
                  •Agriculture  • Residential      Commercial
                        • Transportation     Industry
I
               §r— cNco^rio-or^coo-O'— cNco^rio-or^coo-
               OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO'
Note: Does not include U.S. territories.
+ Does not exceed 0.05 MMT C02 Eq.
3 Emissions from wood biomass and ethanol consumption are not included
 specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes
 in biogenic carbon  reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for land use,
 land-use change, and forestry.
b  Emissions from international bunker fuels are not included in totals.
=  Small amounts of RFC emissions also result from this source.
d Total gross emissions exclude land use, land-use change, and forestry. Net
  emissions include this category.
Note:Totals may not sum due to independent rounding.
                              C02
Fossil Fuel Combustion
 Electricity Generation
 Transportation
 Industrial
 Residential
 Commercial
 U.S. Territories
Non-Energy Use of Fuels
Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production
Natural Gas Systems
Cement Production
Petrochemical Production
Lime Production
Other Process Uses of Carbonates
Ammonia Production
Incineration of Waste
Carbon Dioxide Consumption
Urea Consumption for Non-Agricultural Purposes
Petroleum Systems
Aluminum Production
Soda Ash Production and Consumption
Ferroalloy Production
Titanium Dioxide Production
Glass Production
Phosphoric Acid Production
Zinc Production
Lead Production
Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption
Magnesium Production and Processing
Wood Biomass and Ethanol Consumption1
International Bunker ft/e/s*
r*u
On4
Natural Gas Systems
Enteric Fermentation
Landfills
Petroleum Systems
Coal Mining
Manure Management
Wastewater Treatment
Rice Cultivation
Stationary Combustion
Abandoned Underground Coal Mines
Composting
Mobile Combustion
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
Petrochemical Production
Ferroalloy Production
Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption
Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production
Incineration of Waste
International Bunker ft/e/s*
N20    ^|
Agricultural Soil Management
Stationary Combustion
Manure Management
Mobile Combustion
Nitric Acid Production
AdipicAcid Production
Wastewater Treatment
N20 from Product Uses
Composting
Incineration of Waste
Semiconductor Manufacture
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
International Bunker ft/e/s*
MFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF
MFCs
Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances'
HCFC-22 Production
Semiconductor Manufacture
Magnesium Production and Processing
RFC
Semiconductor Manufacture
Aluminum Production

Electrical Transmission and Distribution
Magnesium Production and Processing
Semiconductor Manufacture
NF3
Semiconductor Manufacture
                                                              Total Emissions'1
                                                              LULUCF Emissions
                                                              LULUCFTotal Net Flux
                                                              LULUCF Sector Total
                                                              Net Emissions (Sources and Sinks)
5,115.1
 4,740.7
 1,820.8
 1,493.8
  842.5
  338.3
  217.4
  27.9
  118.1
  99.7
  37.7
  33.3
  21.6
  11.7
   4.9
  13.0
   8.0
   1.5
   3.8
   3.6
   6.8
   2.8
   2.2
   1.2
   1.5
   1.5
   0.6
   0.5
   0.4
   +
  2/9.4
  103.5
                                                                                                                  206.8
                                                                                                                  164.2
                                                                                                                  179.6
                                                                                                                  38.7
                                                                                                                  96.5
                                                                                                                  37.2
                                                                                                                  15.7
                                                                                                                  13.1
                                                                                                                  8.5
                                                                                                                  7.2
                                                                                                                  0.4
                                                                                                                  5.6
                                                                                                                  0.2
                                                                                                                  0.2
                                                                                                                   0.2
                                                                                                                 ,o,:
                                                                                                                 303.3
                                                                                                                  11.9
                                                                                                                  14.0
                                                                                                                  41.2
                                                                                                                  12.1
                                                                                                                  15.2
                                                                                                                   3.4
                                                                                                                   4.2
                                                                                                                   0.3
                                                                                                                   0.5
6,122.7
 5,747.1
 2,400.9
 1,887.0
  828.0
  357.8
  223.5
  49.9
  138.9
  66.5
  30.1
  45.9
  27.4
  14.6
   6.3
   9.2
  12.5
   1.4
   3.7
   3.9
   4.1
   3.0
   1.4
   1.8
   1.9
   1.3
   1.0
   0.6
   0.2
    +
  229.8
  113.1
 717.4
  177.3
  168.9
  154.0
  48.8
  64.1
  56.3
  15.9
  13.0
  7.4
  6.6
  1.9
  2.7
  0.2
  0.1
                                                                                                0.1
                                                                                               ,,,,
                                                                                               297.2
                                                                                               20.2
                                                                                               16.5
                                                                                               34.4
                                                                                               11.3
                                                                                                7.1
                                                                                                4.3
                                                                                                4.2
                                                                                                1.7
                                                                                                0.4
                                                                                                0.1
                                                                                                0.1
                                                                                                10
                          5 688 8
                                                                                                           5,358.3
                                                                                                           2,258.4
                                                                                                           1,728.3
                                                                                                            775.5
                                                                                                            334.6
                                                                                                            220.1
                                                                                                             41.4
                                                                                                            114.1
                                                                                                             55.7
                                                                                                             32.4
                                                                                                             31.3
                                                                                                             27.2
                                                                                                             13.4
                                                                                                             9.6
                                                                                                             9.2
                                                                                                             11.0
                                                                                                             4.4
                                                                                                             4.7
                                                                                                             4.2
                                                                                                             2.7
                                                                                                             2.7
                                                                                                             1.7
                                                                                                             1.8
                                                                                                             1.5
                                                                                                             1.1
                                                                                                             1.2
                                                                                                             0.5
                                                                                                             0.2
                                                                                                              +
                                                                                                            265.1
                                                                                                             117.0
                                                                                                           ™
                                                                                                            166.2
                                                                                                            171.3
                                                                                                            142.1
                                                                                                            54.1
                                                                                                            82.3
                                                                                                            60.9
                                                                                                            15.5
                                                                                                            11.9
                                                                                                             7.1
                                                                                                             6.6
                                                                                                             1.8
                                                                                                             2.3
                                                                                                             0.3
                            0.1
                           „.,
                           320.7
                            22.2
                            17.2
                            23.6
                            11.5
                            4.2
                            4.5
                            4.2
                            1.6
                            0.3
                            0.1
                            0.1
                            1.0
                                      5 559 5
                                                 5 349 2
                                                                                                                  2.8
                                                                                                                  21.5
                                                                                                                  3,,
                                                                                                                  25.4
                                                                                                                  5.2
                                                                                                                  0.5
                                                                                                3.2
                                                                                                3.4
                                                                                               ,4.0
                                                                                                10.6
                                                                                                2.7
                                                                                                0.7
                            2.7
                            1.9
                            u
                            7.0
                            2.1
                            0.4
5,227.7
2,157.7
1,707.6
 773.3
 326.8
 220.7
 41.5
 108.5
 59.9
 35.7
 32.0
 26.3
 14.0
  9.3
  9.3
 10.5
  4.1
  4.0
  4.2
  3.3
  2.7
  1.7
  1.7
  1.3
  1.2
  1.3
  0.5
  0.2
  +
 268.1
 111.7
,,,.4
 170.1
 168.9
 144.4
 56.3
 71.2
 61.5
 15.3
 11.8
 7.1
 6.4
 1.9
 2.2
 0.3
                           0.1
                          .,«
                          323.1
                          21.3
                          17.4
                          22.4
                          10.9
                          10.2
                           4.7
                           4.2
                           1.7
                           0.3
                           0.2
                           0.1
                           1.0
                           3.5
                           3.5
                          ,0.0
                           6.8
                           2.8
                           0.4
                           «
                           0.7
5,024.7
2,022.2
1,696.8
 782.9
 282.5
 196.7
 43.6
 105.6
 54.2
 35.2
 35.1
 26.5
 13.7
  8.0
  9.4
 10.4
  4.0
  4.4
  3.9
  3.4
  2.8
  1.9
  1.5
  1.2
  1.1
  1.5
  0.5
  0.2
  +
 267.7
 105.8
7,4.4
 172.6
 166.7
 142.3
 58.4
 66.5
 63.7
 15.0
 11.9
 6.6
 6.2
 1.9
 2.2
 0.3
 0.1
             0.1
            ,09,
            323.1
            21.4
            17.5
            20.0
            10.5
             5.5
             4.8
             4.2
             1.7
             0.3
             0.2
             0.1
             0.9
             3.1
             2.9
            •
             5.6
             1.6
             0.4
            •
             0.6
5,502.6
 5,157.6
 2,038.1
 1,713.0
  812.2
  329.7
  221.0
  43.5
  121.7
  52.2
  38.5
  36.1
  26.4
  14.0
  10.4
  10.0
   9.4
   4.2
   4.2
   3.7
   3.3
   2.8
   1.8
   1.7
   1.3
   1.1
   1.4
   0.5
   0.2
   +
  286.3
  99.8

  175.6
  165.5
  144.3
  64.7
  64.6
  61.4
  14.8
  11.9
  8.0
  6.2
  2.0
  2.1
  0.3
  0.1
  0.1
 403.4
 318.6
  22.9
  17.5
  18.2
  10.7
  4.0
  4.8
  4.2
  1.8
  0.3
  0.2
  0.1
  0.9
 172.6
 158.9
 154.6
  4.1
  0.2
  0.1
  5.8
  2.9
  3.0

  5.4
  1.5
  0.4
  0.6
  0.6
5,556.0
 5,208.2
 2,039.3
 1,737.6
  813.3
  345.1
  231.9
  41.0
  114.3
  55.4
  42.4
  38.8
  26.5
  14.1
  12.1
  9.4
  9.4
  4.5
  4.0
  3.6
  2.8
  2.8
   1.9
   1.8
   1.3
   1.1
   1.0
  0.5
  0.2
   +
  293.7
  103.2
 730.8
  176.1
  164.3
  148.0
  68.1
  67.6
  61.2
  14.7
  11.9
  8.1
  6.3
  2.1
  2.0
  0.3
  0.1
                         0.1
                       403.5
                        318.4
                        23.4
                        17.5
                        16.3
                        10.9
                         5.4
                         4.8
                         4.2
                         1.8
                         0.3
                         0.2
                         0.1
                         0.9
                       180.1
                       166.7
                        161.2
                         5.0
                         0.3
                         0.1
                         1.6
                         3.0
                         2.5

                         5.6
                         1.0
                         0.7
                         0.5
                         0.5
                                                                                6,397.1  II  7,378.8     6,985.5    6,865.4   6,643.0    6,800.0    6,870.5
                                                                                  15.0
                                                                                 (753.0)
                                                                                 (738.0)
               28.2
              (726.7)
              (698.5)
               17.8        22.9
              (784.3)      (784.9)
              (766.4)      (762.0)
            32.3
           (782.0)
           (749.7)
            24.1         24.6
           (783.7)      (787.0)
           (759.6)      (762.5)
                                                                                5,659.2 II  6,680.3     6,219.0    6,103.4   5,893.3    6,040.4    6,108.0

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Global Warming Potentials (1 00-Year Time Horizon) Carbon Information
• Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type






















^•CK^H
C02

N20
HFC-23
HFC-32
HFC-43-10mee

HFC-125
HFC-134a
HFC-143a
HFC-152a
HFC-227ea
HFC-236fa
CF
<
C2F6
C F
3 8
C'F
4 8
C5F,2
C6F14
SF
6
NF3

1
nr
ZO
298
14,800
675
1,640

3,500
1,430
4,470
124
3,220
9,810
7,390

12,200
8,830

8,860
10,300

9,160
9,300
22,800

17,200
o a warming po en la ( ) is e ne ^g va|ues jn ^|S ^Q^e provjde conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents.
as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of These factors can be us£d as defau|, factorSi if |oca, dat£ Jre not avai|abte >
a gas over a specified time horizon resulting
1 from the emission of a unit mass of gas IWPH HNHMH
relative to a reference gas. The GWP-weighted ^^gLj^^ ^^^^^^^|
1 emissions of direct greenhouse gases in
the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of
equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (C02), ,
using units of million metric tons of carbon
i, dioxide equivalents (MMT C02 Eq.).
m:-'-~]
Conversion:
1 million metric tons = 1 06 metric tons = 1 09 kg 1
The molecularweight of carbon is 12, and the
1 molecular weight of oxygen is 1 6; therefore,
the molecular weight of C02 is 44 (i.e., 1 2
+ [1 6 x 2]), as compared to 1 2 for carbon
alone. Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to
carbon dioxide is 12/44.

1 Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents:

MMT C02 Eq . = (of g9as) x (GWP) x (] m Gg)

Source:
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007)
Solid Fuels
Anthracite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Sub-bituminous Coal
Lignite
Coke
Unspecified Coal
Gas Fuels
Natural Gas
Liquid Fuels
Mo tor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
Aviation Gasoline
LPG
Kerosene
Still Gas
Petroleum Coke
Pentanes Plus
Unfinished Oils
Million Btu/Metric Ton
24.88
26.33
18.89
14.18
25.76
27.58
Btu/Cubic Foot
1,032
Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel
5.06
5.83
6.29
5.67
5.05
3.54
5.67
6.00
6.02
4.62
5.83


1 Carbon (C) Content
Coefficients
kg C/Million Btu
28.28
25.44
26.50
26.65
31.00
25.34
14.46
kg C/Million Btu
19.46
20.17
20.48
19.70
18.86
16.83
19.96
18.20
27.85
19.10
20.31


Carbon Dioxide (C02) per Physical Unit 1
kgC02/MetricTon
2,579.9
2,456.1
1,835.5
1,385.6
2,928.1
2,562,5
0.0547
kg C02/Petroleum Barrel
361.0
431.2
472.3
409.6
349.2
218.5
415.0
400.4
614.7
323.6
434.2

















Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 201 4 U.S. average values. All factors are presented in gross
calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). LPG - liquefied petroleum gases.
	 	 *" ->^ ' 	
Et»
59»
Energy Units Unit Conversions










Btu

MBtu
MMBtu

BBtu
TBtu

QBtu

British thermal unit 1 Btu

Thousand Btu lx!03Btu
Million Btu lx!06Btu

Billion Btu IxlO'Btu
Trillion Btu lx!012Btu

Quadrillion Btu lx!015Btu
1 pound =0.454 kilograms
1 kilogram =2. 205 pounds
1 short ton = 0.9072 metric tons
1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meters
1 cubic meter =35. 31 5 cubic feet
1 U.S. gallon =3.78541 liters
1 liter =0.2642 U.S. gallons
1 barrel =31.5 U.S. gallons
1 barrel petroleum = 42 U.S. gallons

= 1 6 ounces
= 35.27 ounces
= 2,000 pounds
= 28.31 68 liters
= 1,000 liters
= 0.031 75 barrels
= 0.0084 barrels
= 119 liters
= 1 59 liters







= 0.02381 barrels petroleum
= 0.0063 barrels petroleum



= 0.75 barrels petroleum

For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID at
www.epa.gov/energy/egrid.

For other related information, see www.epa.gov/climatechange and http://unfccc.int.

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