EPA/600/R-10/092 October 2010
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Laboratory Environmental Sample
Disposal Information Document
Companion to Standardized Analytical Methods
for Environmental Restoration Following
Homeland Security Events (SAM) - Revision 5.0
Office of Research and Development
National Homeland Security Research Center
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Laboratory Environmental Sample
Disposal Information Document
Companion to Standard Analytical Methods
for Environmental Restoration Following
Homeland Security Events (SAM) -
Revision 5.0
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Office of Research and Development
National Homeland Security Research Center, Threat and Consequence Assessment Division
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Acknowledgments
This document was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Homeland
Security Research Center (NHSRC) within EPA's Office of Research and Development as a companion
to NHSRC's Standardized Methods for Environmental Restoration Following Homeland Security Events
(SAM). We wish to acknowledge the external peer reviews conducted by Matthew Arduino of the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Larry Burchfield of the Radiochemistry Society, Jordan
Peccia of Yale University, and Fred Lee of G. Fred Lee & Associates, whose thoughtful comments
contributed greatly to the quality of the information. The document was prepared by Computer Sciences
Corporation (CSC) under EPA Contract No. EP-W-06-046.
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Disclaimer
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this document does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
Questions concerning this document or its application should be addressed to:
Romy Lee
National Homeland Security Research Center
Office of Research and Development (NG16)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513)569-7016
lee.romy@epa.gov
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Foreword
Following the events of September 11, 2001, EPA's mission was expanded to account for critical needs
related to homeland security. Presidential Directives identified EPA as the primary federal agency
responsible for the country's water supplies and for decontamination following a chemical, biological,
and/or radiological (CBR) attack. To provide scientific and technical support to help EPA meet this
expanded role, EPA's National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) was established. The
NHSRC research program is focused on conducting research and delivering products that improve the
capability of the Agency to carry out its homeland security responsibilities.
One specific focus area of NHSRC's research is to support the Environmental Response Laboratory
Network (ERLN), a nationwide association of federal, state, local, and commercial environmental
laboratories, established by EPA. The ERLN can be deployed in response to a large-scale environmental
disaster by providing consistent analytical capabilities, capacities, and quality data in a systematic,
coordinated manner. Toward this end, NHSRC has worked with experts from across EPA and other
federal agencies to develop a compendium of analytical methods to be used in support of remediation
following national homeland security related incidents. For specific analytes that have been determined
to be of concern during a homeland security related event, analytical methods have been chosen to
measure levels of contamination in different environmental matrices. The results of these efforts have
been published in EPA's Standardized Analytical Methods for Environmental Restoration Following
Homeland Security Events (SAM), available at http://www.epa.gov/sam.
In identifying and selecting appropriate analytical methods to be used in such instances, EPA recognized
the need for guidelines regarding disposal of samples analyzed by the methods listed in SAM. This
sample disposal information document partially addresses this need by providing general guidelines for
use by EPA and EPA-contracted laboratories when disposing of samples and associated analytical
waste following use of the analytical methods listed in SAM.
NHSRC has made this publication available to assist in preparing for and recovering from disasters
involving chemical, radiochemical, and biological contamination; it specifically represents an important
next step in supporting the ERLN. We value your comments as we move toward the development of an
efficient process to manage environmental samples and move EPA one step closer to achieving its
homeland security mission and its overall mission of protecting human health and the environment while
supporting sustainable solutions.
Cynthia Sonich-Mullin, Acting Director
National Homeland Security Research Center
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements i
Disclaimer ii
Foreword iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables vi
Acronyms and Abbreviations vii
1.0: Background 1
2.0: Scope and Application 2
3.0: Overview of Laboratory Responsibilities 3
Waste Management 3
Guidelines for Waste Minimization 5
Waste Categorization and Segregation 5
Safety 6
Primary Organizations and Acts that Dictate Waste Handling and Disposal 7
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 8
4.0: Handling and Disposal of Samples and Analytical Waste Containing Chemical
Hazards 13
Regulations 14
Storage 14
Treatment 15
Packaging 17
Disposal 18
5.0: Handling and Disposal of Samples and Analytical Waste Containing Radiological
Hazards 20
Regulations 20
Storage 22
Treatment 25
Packaging 25
Disposal 26
6.0: Handling and Disposal of Samples and Analytical Waste Containing Biological
Hazards 27
Packaging 32
Disposal 32
7.0: Handling and Disposal of Samples and Analytical Waste Containing Mixed Hazards
34
Multi-hazardous Samples and Wastes 34
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Mixed Waste Samples and Waste 35
8.0: Shipping 38
9.0: Disposal Sites 39
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) 39
Radiological Waste Disposal Sites 40
Biological Waste Disposal Sites 40
10.0: References and Resources 41
General Resources 41
Resources for Wastes Containing Chemical Hazards 41
Resources for Wastes Containing Radiological Hazards 41
Resources for Wastes Containing Biological Hazards 42
Appendix A: State Regulatory Information Sources for Disposal of Waste Containing
Chemical Contamination 43
Appendix B: State Regulatory Information Sources for Disposal of Waste Containing
Radioactive Contamination 46
Appendix C: State Regulatory Information Sources for Disposal of Waste Containing
Biological Contamination 54
Appendix D: Storage and Disposal Information (For Chemical Analytes Listed in SAM,
Revision 5 57
Appendix E: Example Hazardous Waste Manifest Form 79
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List of Tables
Table 1: RCRA Water Generator Status Requirements 9
Table 2: EPA and DOT Shipping Regulations 11
Table 3: Posting Requirements for Storage of Radioactive Samples and Waste 24
Table 4: Comparison of Decontamination Procedures 29
Table 5: Comparison of Decontamination Procedures for Non-protein Biotoxins 30
Table 6: Guidlines for Disposal of Multi-hazardous Laboratory Wastes 35
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
AEA Atomic Energy Act
ALARA As Low as Reasonably Achievable
APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
BSL Biosafety Level
CAA Clean Air Act
CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDL Commercial Drivers License
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CESQG Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CWA Clean Water Act
DAC Derived Air Concentration
DDESB Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board
DERP Defense Environmental Restoration Program
DGR Dangerous Goods Regulations
DoD U.S. Department of Defense
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DOT U.S. Department of Transportation
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESS Explosives Safety Submissions
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FUDS Formerly Used Defense Sites
g Gram(s)
HAZMAT Hazardous Materials
HOPE High Density Polyethylene
HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IATA International Air Transport Association
ICS Incident Command System
LLRW Low-level Radioactive Waste
LLRWPA Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act
LQG Large Quantity Generator
m3 Cubic meter
mCi Millicurie(s)
mg Milligram(s)
min Minute(s)
mm Millimeter(s)
mR Milliroentgen(s)
mrem Millirem(s)
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MTRU Mixed Transuranic
N Normal - 1 equivalent weight per liter
NARM Naturally Occurring, and/or Accelerator-Produced Radioactive Material
nCi Nanocurie(s)
NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
NHSRC National Homeland Security Research Center
NIMS National Incident Management System
nm Nanometer(s)
NOS Not Otherwise Specified
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NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NWPA Nuclear Waste Policy Act
OSHA U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PCB(s) Polychlorinated biphenyl(s)
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
ppm Parts per million
POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works
psi Pounds per square inch
PSN Proper Shipping Name
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
SAM Standard Analytical Methods for Environmental Restoration Following Homeland
Security Events
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
spp. Species
SQG Small Quantity Generator
TBq Terabecquerel
TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure
TNT Trinitrotoluene
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
TSDF Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility
(iCi Microcurie(s)
(im Micrometer(s)
UN The United Nations
UN ID United Nations Identification Number
(iR Microroentgen(s)
URL Uniform Resource Locator
UV Ultraviolet
WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Plan
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA) National Homeland Security Research
Center (NHSRC) has been working with experts
from across EPA and its sister agencies since
2004, to develop a compendium of procedures to
be used when EPA is tasked with environmental
restoration following national homeland security
related incidents. Analytical methods have been
selected for chemical, radiochemical, pathogen,
and biotoxin analytes of concern for the
environmental sample types that are anticipated
in such incidents. The most recent result of this
1.0
Background
effort is published in EPA's Standard Analytical
Methods for Environmental Restoration
Following Homeland Security Events (SAM),
Revision 5.0 (September 2009), and is available
at: http://www.epa.gov/sam/.
During development of SAM, EPA recognized
the need for companion documents, including a
document to provide guidelines regarding
disposal of samples analyzed by the methods
listed in SAM.
This document addresses laboratory disposal of samples and associated analytical waste
unique to remediation activities following a homeland security incident when SAM methods
would be applied, and assumes specific environmental sample types (i.e., water, soil,
particulates, and air) will be analyzed by laboratories using the methods listed in SAM.
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2.0
Scope and Application
This sample disposal information document is
intended to provide general guidelines for use by
EPA and EPA-contracted laboratories when
disposing of samples and associated analytical
waste following use of the analytical methods
listed in SAM.
The document includes information regarding
laboratory responsibilities, waste minimization,
federal and state regulations, treatment, storage,
packaging, disposal, and decontamination
procedures. The information provided in this
document is intended only as a guide and is
based on the current federal and state regulations
cited; laboratories must consult and comply with
these regulations prior to initiating sample
disposal activities. This document is not
intended to be a complete compilation of all the
regulatory requirements with which the
laboratory may have to comply to meet local,
state, and federal mandates. It is the
laboratory's responsibility to ensure that their
programs and procedures are in full compliance
with the applicable regulations. The World
Wide Web Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
provided throughout this document provide the
most currently available information at the time
of document preparation. Please note that these
links will be reviewed and updated periodically,
following publication of updated SAM
documents.
It is assumed that laboratories using this
document will be handling environmental
samples that contain one or more of the
chemical, biological, or radiochemical analytes
listed in SAM at levels that would be expected
to be found in samples that are collected in
support of site remediation and clearance. It is
also assumed that these samples and the
corresponding analytical waste are thoroughly
characterized, and the hazardous components
and concentration levels understood. Guidelines
are provided for handling and disposal of
samples that may contain SAM chemical
(Section 4), radiochemical (Section 5), and
biological hazards (Section 6), as well as mixed
and multiple-hazards sample waste (Section 7).
Although samples received by laboratories are
not considered to be regulated waste while
awaiting testing, while stored after testing, or
while being transported back to the sample
collector (40 CFR 261.4(d)), all samples should
be treated as potentially hazardous. However,
once samples are analyzed and designated for
disposal or decontamination, they should be
treated as a regulated waste, meeting all federal
and state requirements.
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3.0
Overview of Laboratory Responsibilities
This section summarizes laboratory
responsibilities and management strategies for
disposal of chemical, radiological, or biological
samples and associated analytical waste. In
some cases, multiple management strategies
may be required, such as when a biological
laboratory uses an analytical technique with a
chemical component, thus requiring a chemical
disposal plan.
Waste Management
Waste Management Plan
Laboratories handling and disposing of samples
and analytical waste must have a Waste
Management Plan that is in compliance with all
applicable local, state, and federal regulations.
Laboratories also must be able to demonstrate
that this plan is being followed by personnel for
the safe handling and disposal of all waste
materials generated. A laboratory's Waste
Management Plan must include information and
instructions regarding:
Types of wastes expected to be
generated at the laboratory
Responsibilities of laboratory personnel
Management authorization (signatures)
Accumulation of wastes for disposal
Identification and inspection of waste
storage areas
Waste classification and segregation
Record keeping
Decontamination materials (storage of
unused and spent decontamination
materials)
Publicly-owned treatment works
(POTW) disposal
Permit and reporting requirements
Waste neutralization requirements
Waste storage
Satellite requirements
Storage accumulation and date
requirements
Primary containment
Waste shipment
Federal and state regulations
Waste container packaging and labeling
Arranging for shipment and preparation
of shipment papers
Packaging requirements
Disposal options
Landfill (land-ban restrictions,
acceptable wastes, packing requirements)
Incineration (acceptable wastes, packing
requirements)
Health and safety for storage and
transportation areas
Training requirements
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Exposure monitoring
Plan implementation
Information accessibility by staff
Laboratory accountability
Audits
Record keeping requirements
Requirement for review and updates
(e.g., at least annually)
Waste Management Administrator
In addition to a Waste Management Plan,
laboratories must have a Waste Management
Administrator with knowledge of all regulations
concerning waste handling, shipping, and
disposal. As laws and statutes are periodically
updated and modified with respect to hazardous
waste identification, shipment, and disposal, the
administrator must frequently review regulations
concerning contaminants and different levels of
contamination, packaging, markings, shipping
regulations, and safety requirements as
prescribed by the U.S. Department of Labor
Occupation Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA). In most states, Waste Management
Administrators are required to attend and pass a
one to two day training course, and are
responsible for the following:
Identifying waste-generating processes,
type of waste generated, expected
contaminant concentrations, and expected
amounts generated during a specified time
period
Maintaining a Waste Management Plan
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and/or a Chemical Hygiene Plan,
Radiological Safety Plan, and/or Biological
Safety Plan
Identifying the local POTW and
ensuring proper communication and permit
requirements
Coordinating with waste brokers; waste
haulers; and Treatment, Storage, and
Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) approved to
handle each waste identified
Identifying proper storage containers for
each waste type
Completing waste labels for each
storage and shipping container
Tracking opening and closing dates for
each storage container at satellite locations
and in bulk waste storage location
Completing required waste treatment or
neutralization
Completing Waste Profiles with the
waste broker, and receiving TSDF
acceptance for each waste prior to shipment
Receiving and maintaining copies of
waste hauler identification documents and
certified driver's licenses, and TSDF
permits as required for each waste type.
Also maintaining copies of hauler and
TSDF insurance
Ensuring wastes are properly packaged
and labeled for transportation using Packing
Groups and proper shipping names
Completing the Waste Manifest and Bill
of Lading for each waste shipment
Submitting copies of the Waste Manifest
to each required government office
Ensuring transportation vehicles meet
placard requirements, wastes are properly
segregated and secured, and vehicles are in
good working condition
Ensuring waste shipments arrive as
specified and are accepted at the approved
TSDF
Receiving and maintaining disposal
certificates documenting that the TSDF has
completed disposal, and containing dates,
batch identification, and disposal location
Visiting TSDFs
Reviewing laboratory procedures for
waste minimization and reduction
Completing annual reports for
regulatory agencies
Generator Status
Laboratories with chemical and/or radiological
waste must have a waste generator status and an
understanding of the required limits and
documentation to maintain this status (see
Section 3.4.4 and Table 3-1). Unlike processors
and manufacturers, which generate large
amounts of consistent waste types, most
laboratories typically generate small amounts of
varying wastes and therefore face challenges in
costs and planning. Although laboratories likely
will be small quantity generators, disposal of
highly contaminated sample wastes might alter
this status for a specific period. The Waste
Management Administrator must review the
appropriate regulations carefully to ensure
records and reporting are completed properly.
Waste Broker
Laboratories with chemical or radiological waste
must have an identified waste broker who can
assist in profiling, manifesting, and inspecting
laboratory waste prior to shipment; a certified
TSDF; and a hauler capable of properly handling
the type of waste that can be expected following
analysis of samples containing the SAM
analytes. Many states require waste brokers to
attend and pass a hazardous materials disposal
training course for chemical wastes. A waste
broker is not needed for disposal of treated, non-
infectious biological waste. Depending on state
and local regulations, a waste broker also may
not be required for disposal of untreated
biological waste.
Documentation
Laboratories must maintain accurate, up-to-date,
and easily retrievable records of sample and
waste handling. This documentation is essential
for meeting state regulations, planning and
tracking sample disposition, reducing liability,
facilitating inspections, and responding to
inquiries and information requests. Many
regulations and regulatory authorities require
comprehensive documentation of these activities
to assure compliance. Each agency has unique
and specific reporting periods and submission
dates, data reporting formats, and record
retention times. Documentation requirements
and procedures must be included in the
laboratory's Waste Management Plan.
These requirements typically include:
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Preliminary documentation of sample or
site characterization
Waste Profile acceptance
Open/close dates for storage containers
Shipping container purchase records
Waste manifests and bill of lading
Disposal certificate
Waste minimization review findings
Guidelines for Waste Minimization
Waste avoidance and pollution prevention can
significantly reduce the amount of waste a
laboratory handles, and is a critical part of any
laboratory Waste Management Plan. The
following guidelines are suggested for waste
minimization.
Waste Categorization and
Segregation
Proper waste categorization can help avoid
unnecessary, inappropriate, and costly waste
treatment, storage, and disposal. For example,
the processes and definitions that the laboratory
uses to determine that a waste is radioactive or
non-radioactive will have a great influence on
the amount of radioactive waste that the
laboratory must manage. Once a waste has been
properly categorized, the laboratory can
prioritize the waste options for elimination,
reduction, or modification.
Laboratory waste can typically be segregated
into the following categories: radioactive solid
waste, radioactive liquid waste, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) waste,
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste,
biological hazards, and mixed waste.
Segregating wastes by the appropriate category
allows them to be managed by the most cost-
effective option. Combining highly regulated
waste streams with less stringently regulated
waste streams usually requires the total waste
stream to meet the most stringent waste
management requirements. For example:
Non-hazardous waste mixed with hazardous
waste is managed as hazardous waste.
Non-radioactive waste mixed with radioactive
waste is managed as radioactive waste.
Hazardous waste mixed with radioactive waste
(referred to as mixed waste) is managed in
compliance with requirements of the Atomic
Energy Act (AEA), RCRA, and Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA).
Regulatory Exemptions
Some wastes may be exempt from regulations
because of the production process, level of
contaminants, volume of waste, or the waste
management option chosen. For example:
Some wastes may be disposed of in a
wastewater discharge if the contaminants are
regulated and are below regulatory levels (see 40
CFR Parts 136 and 403)
A hazardous waste generator that produces less
than 100 kg of waste in a month may be a
conditionally exempt small quantity generator
and thus be exempt from many of the
requirements of the RCRA
Some radioactive waste may be managed as
non-radioactive if the total level of radioactivity
is below an exempt or de minimis level, or if the
activity for specific radionuclides is below
established levels as described in 10 CFR 61
Method Selection
The analytical method selected for sample
analysis or handling determines the type and
volume of waste generated. If two methods will
achieve the required measurement quality
objectives, the laboratory might select the
method that produces the least amount or most
easily managed waste. For example, biological
laboratories can minimize the use of chemical
disinfectants that require handling and disposal
as hazardous substances by considering
alternative disinfection procedures, such as
autoclaving, that do not generate hazardous
waste. Current laboratory guidelines for
working with infectious microorganisms at
Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories
recommend that waste be decontaminated before
disposal and that select agents be destroyed
using a steam autoclave. Method selection is
discussed in greater detail in Section 6.3.
It also may be possible to replace hazardous
analytical reagents with non-hazardous reagents
and still meet method requirements and data
quality objectives (refer to analytical methods
listed in SAM for information regarding
alternative reagents and materials). In addition,
substituting a short-lived radionuclide for a
long-lived radionuclide may ultimately result in
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reducing radioactive waste. Methods that are
recommended for analysis of environmental
samples for confirmatory identification and
measurement of SAM analytes are listed in the
SAM document (http://www.epa.gov.sam). 40
CFR Part 136 also provides guidance regarding
analytical methods and discharge limitations
corresponding to analytes regulated by EPA in
wastewater discharges.
Sample Amounts
If possible, laboratories can request that excess
sample material not be collected or received. To
minimize the amount of sample waste,
laboratories should receive only the amount of
sample needed for sample analysis, analytical
quality control, and a limited amount of excess
in case of sample loss or other unforeseen
problems or uses. For example, laboratories
might request approximately two times the
amount of sample required by the analytical
method. Approximately four times the amount
required may be needed if the laboratory will be
analyzing matrix spikes and matrix spike
duplicates. Reserve sample amounts should be
minimized with up-front planning. It may also
be possible to convert a method to a micro-scale
method that uses significantly less sample and
reagents. To optimize method sensitivity in the
situation of evaluating the effectiveness of
decontamination, however, it may be necessary
to use large quantities of sample material.
Reagent Procurement Controls
Amounts of reagents and materials purchased by
a laboratory often are determined by price
discounts available on large quantities, instead
of the amount required. The real cost of
purchasing these materials should include the
initial purchase price plus disposal costs
(lifetime costs). Procurement of hazardous
material should be initiated only if a non-
hazardous substitute is not available. Rotating
chemical stock (first in, first out) also can help
avoid expiration.
Re-Use of Materials
Some materials may be recovered from the
analytical process and re-used in subsequent
analyses. For example, distillation of certain
used organic solvents may purify them
sufficiently for reuse. Glassware and some
disposable equipment can often be
decontaminated and re-used or disposed of as
non-hazardous waste. Pre-use of materials is
discussed further in Sections 4.3, 5.3, and 6.3.
Safety
Laboratories must have a Chemical Hygiene
Plan and/or Radiological Safety Plan or
Biological Safety Plan covering all aspects of
sample and waste management specific to the
target contaminants. This plan must encompass
personnel responsibilities, engineering controls,
monitoring, emergency response, and special
handling criteria for samples containing
significantly elevated contaminant levels. Many
of the contaminants included in SAM are not
routinely handled by laboratories, and hygiene
and safety plans must address samples and
analytical materials containing these
contaminants.1 These plans provide guidelines
for the protection of employees from health
effects associated with hazardous chemicals
used in the laboratory, and include information
regarding:
Responsibilities of laboratory personnel
Avoidance of routine exposures
Housekeeping
Chemical procurement and storage
Chemical inventory
Staff training
Hazards identification and monitoring
Environmental maintenance and
monitoring
Maintenance and inspections
Medical monitoring of personnel
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Personal Protective Equipment
Emergency equipment
Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
for health and safety
Employee training, including dry runs
for handling hazardous samples
Waste disposal procedures (included in
Waste Management Plan)
Chemical or biological handling
procedures (e.g., flammable, corrosive,
reactive chemicals; compressed gases;
radioactivity; carcinogens, mutagens,
reproductive toxins)
1 An example chemical hygiene plan can be found at:
http://ehs.okstate.edu/statestuff/samplechp.pdf.
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Working with moderate to highly
chronic toxic substances
Working with highly acute toxic
substances
All laboratory staff require training related to the
tasks that they perform in relation to hazardous
substances. This training will vary greatly by
the tasks performed, the type(s) of hazardous
substance(s), and the intensity of the hazard
(e.g., low level vs. high level). Regardless of
these factors, OSHA regulations at 29 CFR
1910.132(f) require that staff be trained in the
use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Training should be completed in a non-
hazardous environment prior to PPE use, and
should be repeated at the frequency required in
OSHA and Superfund Amendments and
Authorization Act (SARA), Title III. At a
minimum, the training must include:
Proper use and maintenance of selected
protective clothing
Nature of hazards and the consequences
of not using the protective clothing
Instructions in inspecting, donning,
checking, fitting, and using protective
clothing
PPE user's responsibility (if any) for
decontamination, cleaning, maintenance,
and repair of protective clothing
Emergency procedures and self-rescue
in the event of protective
clothing/equipment failure
The buddy system
Primary Organizations and Acts that
Dictate Waste Handling and Disposal
The guidelines provided in this document are not
intended to be used without knowledge and
comprehension of applicable federal, state, or
local regulations. These regulations must be
consulted prior to development and
implementation of a laboratory's waste
management activities. Summary information
regarding general waste management regulations
is provided in Sections 3.4.1 through 3.4.7.
Summary information regarding regulations
applying to chemical, radiological, biological,
and multi-hazardous wastes is provided in
Sections 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0, respectively. In
preparing this document, the U.S. Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) and U.S. Department
of Transportation (DOT) directives were
reviewed for regulations having provisions that
pertain to laboratory disposal of analytical waste
expected to be generated by laboratories
analyzing samples during remediation activities
following homeland security events. Wastes
generated from samples and sample analysis
must comply with EPA regulations at 40 CFR
Part 260 and with DOT regulations at 49 CFR
Parts 171 - 199, which regulate packaging,
handling, labeling, marking, placarding, and
routing of all hazardous shipments within the
U.S. The location of this information in the
CFR is provided in Table 3-2 (Section 3.4.7). A
condensed summary of these regulations and of
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) directives is
provided below. This section provides only
summary information; it is the laboratory's
responsibility to have a Waste Management
Administrator (Section 3.1.2) who is fully aware
of and familiar with federal, state, and local
regulations affecting disposal of hazardous
waste.
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
OSHA regulations (29 CFR Part 1960) provide
for the safety of personnel working with
hazardous materials and wastes. Training
requirements for handling sample wastes and for
general safety also are covered. Laboratories
using this document must have an approved
Health and Safety Plan and laboratory staff must
be trained in procedures and requirements for
handling hazardous materials, samples, and
waste. The health and well being of laboratory
staff is paramount in handling and disposing of
these potentially hazardous environmental
samples and associated analytical waste.
Accordingly, OSHA regulations pertaining to
PPE must be reviewed in Sections 132-138 of
29 CFR 1910, as well as Section 22 for general
"housekeeping" and Section 141 for general
environmental controls.
Regulations involving employee safety and
emergency response under the Incident
Command System (ICS) and National Incident
Management System (NIMS) are covered in 29
CFR 1910.1200, 1910.120, and 1926.65. OSHA
does not provide blanket exemptions or waivers
to regulations involving personal safety, even
during emergency conditions and operations.
However, as part of the ICS, the Incident
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Commander must consider the risks associated
with operations that have the potential to result
in exposures exceeding permissible exposure
limits and manage the response accordingly.
Clean Water Act (CWA)
The Clean Water Act provides for the protection
and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and
biological integrity of the nation's water. CWA
regulations (40 CFR Parts 112 - 503) address
the control of discharges into U.S. waterways,
including direct and indirect discharges, as well
as the injection of wastewater into the ground.
Direct discharges into surface waters are
regulated by National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit conditions.
Indirect discharges to a POTW is controlled
under the National Pretreatment Standards
(ง403).
Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA) and the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA)
Regulations under CERCLA (40 CFR Parts 300
to 302) provide a mechanism for the federal
government to respond to hazards posed by
uncontrolled release of hazardous substances.
By liabilities imposed on all parties connected to
a release. As a laboratory may be held
responsible for the entire costs associated with a
cleanup of a hazardous material, all aspects of
processing, handling, and disposal (e.g.,
selecting the proper waste transporter and
disposal facility) should be undertaken with
great care.
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA provides for tracking of all hazardous
substances from "cradle to grave" (generation to
final disposal), and provides regulations at 40
CFR Parts 239 - 299. This Act is intended not
only to protect human health and the
environment by prohibiting open dumping, but
also to conserve materials and energy resources
by encouraging waste recycling, reuse, and
treatment. Pursuant to RCRA, EPA developed
hazardous waste management regulations for
generators and for TSDFs. In 1984, Congress
expanded the scope of RCRA with passage of
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA), which directed EPA to adopt
regulations governing small quantity generators
(SQGs) of hazardous waste, such as many small
laboratories. Most laboratories routinely
generate hazardous waste and, therefore, are
subject to RCRA hazardous waste management
regulations at 40 CFR Parts 260 to 270. These
regulations include requirements governing
waste classification, accumulation, disposal,
recordkeeping, and emergency preparedness.
This Act addresses sample wastes by regulating
the identification of the hazardous constituent,
storage of the sample waste, and proper
shipment and disposal of the sample waste.
Under RCRA regulations, there are three classes
of generators: (1) Conditionally Exempt Small
Quantity Generator (CESQG); (2) SQG; and (3)
Large Quantity Generator (LQG). Each level
has specific accumulation levels, holding times,
disposal options, and reporting criteria.
Information regarding these criteria, including
changes needed when status is increased, is
provided in Table 3-1. Laboratories accepting
samples in large quantities might change
generator status, requiring an increase in both
reporting requirements and training of staff.
Many states have modified these requirements
and often have removed the lowest level
(CESQG).
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Table 1: RCRA Water Generator Status Requirements
Requirement
(40 CFR)
Waste
Determination
(262.11)
Generation Rate
Limits
(26 1.5 and 262.34)
Accumulation
Quantity Limit w/o
Permit
(26 1.5 and 262.34)
Accumulation Time
(26 1.5 and 262.34)
EPA ID Number
(262.12)
Mark Containers
with Start Date
(262.34)
Mark Containers
"Hazardous Waste"
(262.34(a))
Air Emission
Standards
(265 Subpart C)
Satellite
Accumulation
(262.34(c))
Use Manifests
(262, Subpart B)
Exception Reporting
(262.42)
Biennial Report
(262.41)
Contingency Plan
(265, Subpart D)
RCRA Personnel
Training
(262. 34 and 65. 16)
Storage
Requirements
(without permit)
(262.34 and 265)
CESQG
Applicable
<100 kg/month
Not to exceed 1,000kg
hazardous waste or 1 kg
acute hazardous waste at
any time.
No limit
Not required*; possible
state requirement
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not required, possible state
requirement
Not required
Not required
Not required, but OSHA
(29 CFR 1910.38) requires
emergency planning
Not required, but
recommended
None, but OSHA
regulations under 29 CFR
1910, Subparts Hand N,
apply, particularly 29 CFR
1910.106
SQG
Applicable
100- 1,000 kg/month
Not to exceed 6,000 kg
at any time
180 days (or 270 days if
waste is to be
transported over 200
miles)
Required
Applicable
Applicable
Not applicable
Applicable
Required
Required after 45 days
Not required; possible
state requirement
Basic planning required
in accordance with
262.34(d)(4) and (5) and
265, Subpart C as well
as OSHA regulations
Basic training required
by 262.34(d)(5)(iii)
Compliance with
technical standards in
Part 265, Subparts I and
J; for containers and
tanks, is required by
262.34(d)(2) and (3) and
OSHA regulations
LQG
Applicable
1,000 kg/mo or greater
No limit
90 days
Required
Applicable
Applicable
Applicable
Applicable
Required
Required after 35 days
Required
Full written plan in
accordance with 265
Subpart D, is required by
262.34(a)(4) and OSHA
regulations
Full compliance with
training requirements in
265.16 is required by
262.34(a)(4)
Compliance with
technical standards in
Part 265, Subparts I, J,
W, and DD, is required
by262.34(a)(l)and
OSHA regulations
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Requirement
i A(\ /TT>\
(4U CrK)
Recordkeeping
Requirements
(262.40)
Waste "Designated
Facility" (264 and
172)
Land Disposal
Restrictions (268.7)
CESQG
Waste determinations and
generation log required
(notification of regulated
waste activity, training
records, manifests, and land
disposal restriction
notifications recommended)
State-approved or RCRA
permitted facility or
legitimate recycler
Possible state requirement
SQG
Notification of regulated
waste activity, waste
determinations
generation log,
manifests, land disposal
restriction notifications,
exception reports, and
correspondence with
local emergency
responders
RCRA-permitted facility
or legitimate recycler
Applicable
LQG
Notification of regulated
waste activity,
H ptp nn i n ati on
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for resolving issues between explosive safety
standards (DoD-Directives) and environmental
standards (EPA-RCRA regulations). DDESB is
responsible for promulgating safety
requirements and overseeing their
implementation as necessary to protect human
welfare and the environment. These
requirements provide for extensive management
of explosive materials.
Table 2: EPA and DOT Shipping Regulations
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
Transportation Act
Wastes generated from samples and sample
analysis must comply with EPA regulations at
40 CFR Part 260 and with DOT regulations at
49 CFR Parts 171-199, which regulate
packaging, handling, labeling, marking,
placarding, and routing of all hazardous
shipments within the U.S. The location of this
information in the CFR is provided in Table 3-2.
Topics
Definitions
Identification and listing of
hazardous materials
Characteristic of hazardous
materials
Compliance with manifesting
Packaging and containers
Labeling requirements
Marking requirements
Placarding requirements
Hazardous material and waste
discharge incidents
Storage
EPA 40 CFR
Regulations
Section 260. 10
Part 261
Sections 26 1.20 to 26 1.24
Sections 262.20 to 262.23
and 263. 20 to 263 .21
Section 262.30
Section 263.31
Section 262.32
Section 263.33
Sections 263.30 and
263.31
Sections 262.34
Part 370 - reporting
requirements to local and
state government
DOT 49 CFR Regulations
Section 171.8
Section 172.1
Sections 171.8, Part 173
Section 172.205
Parts 173, 178 and 179
Section 172.400
Sections 172.300 to 172.330
Sections 172.500 to 172.558
Sections 171. 15 to 171.16
Section 171.1 for storage while
in transit
Waste Management Administrators and other
staff responsible for preparing waste for
shipment must be trained in waste handling,
packaging, and corresponding regulations (49
CFR 172.704). Many states offer a course
and/or have a certification process. DOT
regulations also require that each shipment must
be certified by the person offering hazardous
material for transportation (49 CFR 172), to
certify that the materials are properly classified,
described, packaged, marked, and labeled, and
are in proper condition for transportation
according to DOT. Many laboratories have a
certified treatment, storage, and disposal facility
pick up their hazardous waste. Thus, often
laboratory staff are not certified to ship
hazardous waste. In this scenario, hazardous
waste shipments are certified by the shipper who
picks up the waste, not a laboratory employee.
Some states require certification for laboratories
that store waste, but this requirement can only be
detailed on a state by state basis. In this case the
state offers a course and/or has a certification
process for the laboratory waste management
administrator. The following general practices
provide a summary of DOT requirements (at 49
CFR173.24) for packaging wastes for disposal:
Except as otherwise provided in this
subchapter, there will be no identifiable
(without the use of instruments) release of
hazardous materials to the environment
The effectiveness of the package will
not be substantially reduced; for example,
impact resistance, strength, packaging
compatibility, etc., must be maintained for
the minimum and maximum temperatures,
changes in humidity and pressure, and
shocks, loadings, and vibrations normally
encountered during transportation
There will be no mixture of gases or
vapors in the package which could, through
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any credible spontaneous increase of heat or
pressure, significantly reduce the
effectiveness of the packaging
There will be no hazardous material
residue adhering to the outside of the
package during transport
State Regulations
State regulators can incorporate, and even
increase, the level of compliance needed in the
federal regulations. RCRA regulations in 40
CFR Parts 256 and 271 provide guidelines to
states for producing acceptable waste
management plans. In addition to complying
with federal regulations, laboratories must
comply with all pertinent state regulations
impacting laboratory waste disposal. EPA
listings of state Internet sites and regulation
sources are provided in Appendix A for
chemicals, Appendix B for radiologicals, and
Appendix C for biologicals. Information also
can be found at:
Chemicals
(http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastetypes
/universal/statespfhtm)
Radiologicals (http://nrc-
stp. ornl. gov/stpdirectr .html)
Biologicals
(http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/industrial/
medical/programs .htm)
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4.0
Handling and Disposal of Samples and
Analytical Waste Containing Chemical Hazards
Hazardous waste contains properties that make it
dangerous or potentially harmful to human
health or the environment, and is regulated
under RCRA Subtitle C. A RCRA hazardous
waste is a waste that appears on one of four
hazardous wastes lists (F-list, K-list, P-list, or U-
list), or exhibits at least one of four
characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity,
reactivity, or toxicity). RCRA lists are
organized into three categories:
The F-list (non-specific source wastes)
identifies wastes from common manufacturing
and industrial processes, such as solvents that
have been used in cleaning or degreasing
operations. Because the processes producing
these wastes can occur in different sectors of
industry, the F-listed wastes are known as
wastes from non-specific sources. Wastes
included on the F-list can be found in the
regulations at 40 CFR ง261.31.
The K-list (source-specific wastes) includes
certain wastes from specific industries, such as
petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing.
Certain sludges and wastewaters from treatment
and production processes in these industries are
examples of source-specific wastes. Wastes
included on the K-list can be found in the
regulations at 40 CFR ง261.32.
The P-list and the U-list (discarded commercial
chemical products) include specific commercial
chemical products in an unused form. Some
pesticides and some pharmaceutical products
become hazardous waste when discarded.
Wastes included on the P- and U-lists can be
found in the regulations at 40 CFR ง261.33.
Waste that does not meet any of the listings
explained above may still be considered a
hazardous waste if it exhibits one of the four
characteristics defined in 40 CFR Part 261
Subpart C (commonly referred to as the RCRA
D List).
Ignitability (D001) - Ignitable wastes can
create fires under certain conditions, are
spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point
less than 60 ฐC (140 ฐF). Examples include
waste oils and used solvents. For more details,
see 40 CFR ง261.21. Many military munitions
are hazardous via this characteristic, even
without a detonation source being present.
Corrosivity (D002) - Corrosive wastes include
acids or bases (pH < 2 or > 12.5) that are
capable of corroding metal containers, such as
storage tanks, drums, and barrels. Battery acid
is an example. For more details, see 40 CFR
ง261.22.
Reactivity (D003) - Reactive wastes are
unstable under "normal" conditions, and can
cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors
when heated, compressed, or mixed with water.
Examples include lithium-sulfur batteries and
explosives. For more details, see 40 CFR
ง261.23. There are currently no test methods
available.
Toxicity (D004 and D043) - Toxic wastes are
harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed (e.g.,
containing mercury, lead, etc.). When toxic
wastes are land disposed, contaminated liquid
may leach from the waste and pollute ground
water. For more details, see 40 CFR ง261.24.
The United Nations (UN) Chemical Weapons
Convention defines a chemical warfare agent as
"any chemical which, through its chemical effect
on living processes, may cause death, temporary
loss of performance, or permanent injury to
people and animals." Nerve and blister agents
are the two classes of chemical warfare agents
that have been most widely manufactured and
used for military purposes. Common blistering
agents include mustard (HD), nitrogen mustards
(HN-1, HN-2, HN-3), and lewisite (L).
Common choking agents include chloropicrin
(PS), chlorine, phosgene (CG), and diphosgene
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(DP). Common organo-phosphorous nerve
agents are GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman),
GF (cyclohexylsarin) and VX (O-ethyl-S-[2-
diisopropylaminoethyljmethyl-
phosphonothiolate). Common chlorinated
blister agents include mustard gas (HD) and
nitrogen mustards (HN-1, HN-2, and HN-3).
Note: Laboratory waste containing CWAs must be handled only by trained personnel, using
appropriate safety precautions. In all cases, laboratories must contact appropriate authorities
identified by the EPA Project Manager and should follow procedures that have been approved
specifically for handling these wastes and that are included in the laboratory's approved Waste
Management Plan. Small-scale treatment of waste containing dilute chemical warfare agent is
discussed in Section 4.3.6.
Regulations
In addition to the regulations summarized in
Section 3.4, the laboratory must be aware of
requirements included in Title III of SARA for
notification of municipalities. The Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA or Title III of SARA) requires all
facilities storing or producing hazardous
materials to inform local and state communities.
This requirement is necessary if the laboratory
meets the quantities of any one or more
chemicals on the list of "extremely hazardous
substances" at 40 CFR Part 372. The owner of
the laboratory must report the chemical to the
state and local emergency response commission
and have action plans in the event of a release.
Storage
The operator of a hazardous waste storage area
must inspect areas in which waste containers are
stored, at least weekly, looking for leaks and
deterioration caused by corrosion or other
factors (40 CFR 265.174). 40 CFR 262.34
addresses requirements for prevention and
preparedness, contingency plans, and emergency
procedures that may apply to a laboratory that
stores RCRA waste. Laboratory management
should review 40 CFR 262.34 prior to storing
these wastes.
Samples and analytical wastes containing
reportable levels of RCRA hazardous chemical
analytes (RCRA List D) must be stored between
4 ฐC and 6 ฐC and segregated from lower level
contaminated samples and from non-
environmental samples. However, once
designated for disposal by the laboratory, the
samples must be treated as a regulated waste,
meeting all RCRA and generator status
requirements. Table 3-1 lists quantity storage
limitations and reporting information for each
level of generation status. A generator may
store hazardous waste up to 90 days, 180 days,
or 270 days depending on its status as defined by
the regulations or the distance the generator is
from the disposal facility (40 CFR 262.34). A
generator may accumulate as much as 55 gallons
of hazardous waste or one quart of acutely
hazardous waste in containers at or near the
point of generation where wastes initially
accumulate, which is under the control of the
operator of the process generating the waste (40
CFR 262.34). The storage time clock (90, 180,
or 270 days) does not begin until the waste
volume reaches 55 gallons (or one quart, in the
case of acutely hazardous waste), or whenever
waste is stored in a 90-day accumulation area.
A small laboratory may require additional
training, reporting, and time management if
large amounts of contaminated wastes are
generated during a short time period. A
summary of requirements for storage of these
waste materials is provided below.
All sample and sample preparation (extraction)
wastes should be segregated according to
chemical class. Acidic wastes should be stored
separately from basic wastes, oxidizers should
be stored separately from organics, and cyanide
positive wastes should be stored separately from
acids to reduce the possibility of inadvertent
potentially dangerous releases/exposures, fires,
or increased hazardous status.
Each type of waste (based on the specific
chemical contamination, level, and initial
generation site) must be stored in a separate,
labeled container to help reduce multi-hazardous
wastes and assist in source reduction.
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The label must contain the chemical
contaminant, the waste generation point, the date
of generation, and the initials of the technician
responsible for the initial generation of the
waste.
The laboratory must use proper storage
containers, limiting the container size to
properly reflect the amount of sample and
sample waste expected to be generated. The
storage container must be properly designed,
meeting Packing Group I, II, or III criteria (49
CFR Part 173, Subpart D), to double as the
correct transport/disposal container (e.g., drum,
Packing Group) to reduce handling of the waste
materials. Storage containers must be made of
proper materials with scalable lids.
Once samples and analytical waste are
designated for disposal by the laboratory, all
waste locations that have not been identified as
the main storage location must meet the satellite
location rules (40 CFR Part 262) and waste
holding times, as described in Appendix D.
The Generator Status will determine the length
of storage time allowed (see Appendix).
Storage locations must be properly labeled and
documented (49 CFR 173 subpart B).
Special storage precautions must be taken for
samples and wastes containing military ordnance
or chemical warfare agents. These storage
precautions include:
Limiting potential contact and increased
secondary containment. The secondary
containment must contain an excess of
absorbent that would absorb all of the liquid
if spilled from the primary container.
Refrigerating samples containing dilute
chemical warfare agents
Wearing protective covering, such as
lab-coats, safety goggles/glasses, nitrile
gloves, and a pair of butyl rubber gloves
over the nitrile gloves
Limiting volumes of samples and all
related wastes, if possible, to those deemed
non-explosive by contact or impact
Familiarizing all employees with
MSDSs and special handing requirements.
For example, soils with a 12 percent or
greater concentration of secondary
explosives [such as trinitrotoluene (TNT)]
are capable of propagating (transmitting) a
detonation if initiated by flame. Soils
containing more than 15 percent secondary
explosives by weight are susceptible to
initiation by shock. To be safe, the U.S.
Army Environmental Center considers all
soils containing 10 percent or more of
secondary explosives or mixtures of
secondary explosives to be reactive or
ignitable soil.
The laboratory must designate a labeled
container for wastes containing RCRA List D
levels of hazardous materials. This container
must be labeled with all information necessary
to completely identify the original sample or site
location. All solid wastes generated during the
sample preparation phase of analysis must be
placed in this container, and the container must
be stored with the original sample(s) to reduce
the amount of waste needing to comply with
increased levels of sample handling
requirements and disposal criteria. Sample
extract waste must be contained and maintained
with the original sample or, if appropriate (see
Section 4.3.2), discharged to the municipal water
treatment system.
For sample extract wastes, the laboratory must
allow solvents to evaporate in a hood with
appropriate safety considerations, leaving only a
residue. This container should be placed with
the solid sample waste or liquid sample for
disposal (40 CFR 264.1030). Evaporation is not
always a legal form of treatment. See more
details at 40 CFR 264.1030.
Treatment
Aqueous and Water Soluble Waste
It may be possible to treat aqueous and water
soluble wastes for disposal through discharge to
a POTW. The laboratory must notify the POTW
of potential discharges prior to using this option
and must have gained a permit, if applicable,
that meets municipality requirements. See
Section 4.3.2 for approved federal pretreatment
options. If the laboratory disposes of more than
15 kg of hazardous waste (or any acute wastes)
per month to a POTW, the EPA, state waste
authority, and POTW must be notified (40 CFR
403.12). Discharges to storm drains or septic
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systems are prohibited.
To completely understand and effectively
manage its wastewater program, the laboratory
must develop a wastewater management system
that includes:
An inventory of wastewater (samples
and contaminants) discharges
Programs and practices for minimizing
wastewater
Operating and maintenance procedures
for wastewater discharge systems
(collection and treatment, if required by
permit)
Monitoring to check operations (as
required by permit)
Recordkeeping to document compliance
with permits
Procedures to respond to emergencies
Training program to ensure operators
meet regulatory requirements and
operational requirements
Procedures to assess planned changes
Liquid Waste
The treatment of liquid wastes is strictly
regulated by RCRA regulations. The fine for
violations is significant, and laboratory
personnel must be familiar with the correct
procedure for pretreatment and disposal. Liquid
sample preparation wastes must be neutralized
prior to disposal.
Hazardous Waste Mixed with Domestic Sewage.
EPA's hazardous waste management regulations
exclude from the definition of hazardous waste
any wastes mixed with domestic sewage that
enters a POTW (40 CFR 261.4(a)(l)). In most
cases, laboratories must avoid discharging
regulated hazardous waste down the drain.
Generally, any laboratory that discharges down
the drain more than 15 kg of hazardous waste
per month (40 CFR 403.12(p)(2)), or acutely
hazardous waste in any amount, is required to
notify the EPA Regional Office, the state
hazardous waste authorities, and the POTW of
such discharges.
Neutralization. In most states, it is acceptable to
neutralize acidic and caustic liquid sample
wastes and dispose of the neutralized solution
down the drain if it has no other hazardous
characteristics. Where permissible, it is
important that only elementary neutralization
occurs and that it is under a RCRA exemption
for hazardous waste treatment without a permit.
Non-exempted treatment, without an RCRA
permit, is a serious RCRA violation. The local
POTW can assist with this action and provide
additional resources or necessary permits.
Air Sample Waste
Some air samples with elevated contamination
can be forced through carbon media to absorb
contaminants. The carbon material is disposed
of as a solid. Air filters also can be disposed of
as solids with other samples of the same hazard
class.
Solid Waste
Solid wastes should be collected and segregated.
Most solid wastes cannot be treated at the
laboratory and should be properly characterized
and disposed of at an approved disposal facility.
All free liquids should be removed prior to
disposal, and treated according to Section 4.3.2
as appropriate.
Re-useable and Disposable Containers
and Equipment
Empty containers that once held hazardous
materials are not regulated as hazardous waste if
they meet the definition of "empty." Empty
means that all hazardous materials have been
removed from the container and, for containers
of 110 gallons or less, residue is no more than
3% by weight of the total capacity; for
containers greater than 110 gallons, residue is no
greater than 0.3% by weight of the total
capacity. Containers that held acutely hazardous
waste are considered empty only after being
triple rinsed with a solvent capable of removing
the acutely hazardous waste residue. Disposable
laboratory equipment also can be
decontaminated by triple rinsing with a solvent
capable of removing residue. The solvent rinse
then must be managed as acutely hazardous
waste.
Laboratory glassware and other re-useable
equipment can be decontaminated using the
same procedures used to decontaminate empty
containers, and cleaned in the same manner used
to clean glassware for laboratory use. Cleaning
solvents and procedures for these materials are
somewhat dependent on the intended use.
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Glassware intended for use during analysis of
metals, for example, is cleaned differently than
glassware intended for use in analyzing organic
compounds.
Wastes Containing Chemical Warfare
Agents
Small amounts of chemical agents and glassware
contaminated with chemical agents can be
neutralized prior to disposal, using a solution of
5 - 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).
Reactions between NaOCl and waste,
particularly solvents, can be highly exothermic
and the bleach must be added to and mixed with
the waste slowly in a hood. Complete
neutralization may require mixing times from
several hours to overnight. Approximately 200
mL 5 - 10% NaOCl solutions can be added to
small amounts of waste (<4 liters or <200 g
solids) to result in a waste stream that is
primarily an aqueous solution of NaOCl. When
neutralizing waste containing chemical agents,
the resulting waste should be analyzed and
handled as hazardous waste as defined by the
results of analysis.
Decontamination Waste
Most decontamination wastes are solvents or
aqueous solutions that have been used to rinse or
wash contaminated materials. This rinse
material should be treated as contaminated
waste. Waste that the laboratory cannot treat
should be stored and segregated by contaminant
(Section 4.2), and disposed of by a licensed
TSDF and hauler.
Packaging
Individuals involved in packaging hazardous
laboratory waste for shipment must have
successfully completed DOT HAZMAT training
(see 49 CFR 173.12 regarding regulations
governing "lab-packs," 49 CFR 173 Subpart B
regarding regulations governing packaging of
hazardous materials, and 49 CFR 172 Subpart H
regarding DOT training regulations). Many
laboratories contract hazardous material disposal
companies that have completed DOT HAZMAT
training. Laboratory waste brokers (Section
3.1.4) that work in the laboratory often are
required to pass a state training course. This
requirement is state-specific. A summary of
information provided in these regulations is
provided below.
Each hazardous compound is grouped into a
common characteristic hazardous class (40 CFR
172.101) for shipment. The sample wastes must
be separated by hazard class and then by analyte
of concern for disposal.
The laboratory should then apply for a waste
profile from the selected TSDF. Waste profiles
typically cover a period of one year. However,
other periods may be used depending on TSDF
requirements. The waste profile lists the
contaminant concentration, contaminant by
shipping name, frequency in shipping, generator
ID, disposal method, land ban information, and
selected other information. This profile helps to
ensure the TSDF is capable of proper disposal.
The TSDF will provide the generator with a
Profile ID (Approval Code) to be listed on the
shipping manifest for the specific waste.
Additional waste types cannot be shipped for
disposal without modifying or preparing a new
profile.
Samples and sample wastes must be packaged
for shipment according to the packing group
criteria for the hazard class (40 CFR 173.2).
Small quantities of materials that meet the
definition of one or more of the following
hazard classes are not subject to any special
requirements when in compliance with 49 CFR
173.4:
Class 3: Flammable and combustible
liquid (see 49 CFR 173.120)
Class 4, Division 1 (Division 4.1):
Flammable solid (see 49 CFR 173.124)
Class 4, Division 2 (Division 4.2):
Packing Groups II and III: Spontaneously
combustible material (see 49 CFR 173.124)
Class 5, Division 1 (Division 5.1):
Oxidizer (see 49 CFR 173.127)
Class 5, Division 2 (Division 5.2):
Organic peroxide (see 49 CFR 173.128)
Class 6, Division 1 (Division 6.1):
Poisonous materials (see 49 CFR 173.132)
Class 7: Radioactive material (see 49
CFR 173.403)
Class 8: Corrosive material (see 49 CFR
173.136)
Class 9: Miscellaneous hazardous
material (see 49 CFR 173.140)
The requirements for this exception are strictly
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monitored and many transporters will not accept
packages for shipment. Each hazard class is
divided into three packing groups with Level 1
(I) being greatest degree of danger and Level 3
(III) being least degree of danger.
Packing materials and containers are
manufactured to meet performance standards
described in 49 CFR 173.4. The laboratory must
determine that the packaging or container is
consistent with the requirements for the
respective packing group, and that the package
has been manufactured, assembled, and marked
in accordance. The manufacturer's marking
requirement is contained in 49 CFR 178.503 and
consists of the following:
UN symbol
Packaging identification code
designating:
Type of packaging
Material of construction
Category of packaging (when
appropriate)
A letter identifying the performance
standard under which the packaging design
has been tested:
X: Packages meeting Packing Group I,
II, and III tests
Y: Packages meeting Packing Group II
and III tests
Z: Packages meeting only Packing
Group III tests
Specific gravity or mass for which the
packaging design type has been tested
Test pressure (for packaging intended to
contain liquids); the letter "S" for packaging
intended to contain solids
Last two digits of the year of
manufacture, and (in some cases) the month
of manufacture
Authorizing state
Name and address, or symbol, of
manufacturer or approval agency
Packaging thickness (for metal or plastic
drums or jerricans intended for reuse)
Rated capacity
Most laboratory waste drums will be UN1A1
(Liquids) or UN1A2 (Solids) steel or stainless
steel drums that resist impact and corrosion
damage. Polyethylene (HDPE) should be
labeled UN1H2 (Solids) or UN1H1 (Liquids),
and can be incinerated without removing wastes.
Overpack drums might be required for DOT
Shipments and should be sized to most closely
secure the original shipping container.
Most laboratory hazardous sample wastes can be
packaged in "lab packs" due to the small
quantity. This process uses smaller shipping
containers (30 gallons or less) that meet the
specified packaging requirements (40 CFR
173.2). The initial sample containers are placed
in the shipping container and surrounded with
absorbent materials, and the outside container is
sealed. Each lab pack must be labeled with the
proper Hazard Chemical name, the UN ID, the
total weight, and the closing date. An inventory
containing the weight of each internal container
and the proper shipping name and level of
contamination of each internal container must be
attached to the shipping container and shipping
manifest. Each lab pack containing aqueous
materials must be enclosed in a plastic bag, and
contain twice the amount of absorbent material
necessary to absorb the entire liquid content in
the event of leakage.
Note: Although lab packs eliminate the need to
transfer wastes and reduce the occurrence of
dangerous reactions resulting from mixing
incompatible materials, this packing procedure
is also often the most expensive.
If larger containers are used, the laboratory
should limit the size to 55 gallons. A solid 55
gallon drum can weigh more than 350 pounds,
requiring a forklift to load it onto a truck.
Solid material requires passing a paint filter test
(EPA SW-846 Method 9095B) specifying no
"free liquid" is present. If the waste material
fails the paint filter test, additional absorption
materials should be added.
Disposal
Prior to disposal or transfer of waste to a waste
hauler, laboratories must identify whether the
waste is (1) a solid waste and/or (2) a hazardous
waste. The term solid waste is used very
broadly in RCRA and refers to both
nonhazardous and hazardous waste including
solids, liquids, semi-solids, sludges, and
compressed gases. EPA defines hazardous
waste in 40 CFR 261 as consisting of or partially
containing a "listed" waste or if it demonstrates
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any one or more of the following characteristics:
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity
(see introduction to Section 4.0). The laboratory
should use either documented analytical results
or manufacturer's certifications of reagents to
determine the hazard characteristics of samples
and related waste.
The selection of a proper waste hauler is
important. The laboratory is responsible for
waste shipments and should expect proper
documentation from the transporter for all
shipments. The waste hauler should assist in
properly completing the documentation for
shipment, manifest, or bill of lading, and in
outfitting the truck in accordance with the
correct hazard class.
The selection of a proper TSDF is also
important. The TSDF must forward a copy of
the approved Part A or B permit (see Section
9.1.1) to the laboratory. The facility must be
capable of completing the required disposal
activities and associated requirements. Waste
packed in a lab pack will be unpacked, checked
against the manifest/bill of lading, and then
placed into a disposal stream. When the waste is
disposed of, the TSDF will issue a disposal
certificate to the laboratory. The laboratory
must maintain this documentation indefinitely.
Incineration
Waste is removed to a certified incinerator
(typically in bulk shipping containers) and
destroyed by burning. Each incinerator operator
is certified to accept specific wastes in
composition, quantity, and concentration. The
laboratory will need to ensure proper disposal
can be met and that the shipped material meets
the requirements of the incinerator permit.
Land Disposal
Waste is removed to a certified landfill facility
(typically in bulk shipping containers) and
buried in a matrix system. Each landfill operator
is certified to accept specific wastes in
composition, quantity, and concentration. The
laboratory will need to ensure proper disposal
requirements can be met and that the shipped
material meets the requirements of the landfill
permit. Most hazardous wastes have been
designated under RCRA's list of compounds
that cannot be landfilled (i.e., the Land Disposal
Restrictions [LDR] at 40 CFR Part 268) and
cannot be buried.
Recycling
Wastes that meet specific requirements can be
sent for recycling within the laboratory or off
site. For example, some solvents can be purified
and reused for sample extraction; mercury can
be sent for recycling. This waste is then
reclassified as hazardous material. This disposal
option is not easily completed and often requires
individual approval from permitting agencies.
Military Return
Wastes that are identified as military wastes or
military explosives may need to be sent to a
military facility for final disposal. The EPA
Coordinator must provide additional information
if this disposal option is required. Information is
also provided by the EPA in the Handbook on
the Management of Munitions Response Action
(Section 10.2).
Storage
In some specific incidences, samples and sample
wastes will be returned to the point of origin.
This return will require interfacing with the EPA
Coordinator.
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5.0
Handling and Disposal of Samples and
Analytical Waste Containing Radiological
Hazards
Any activity that uses or produces radioactive
materials generates radioactive waste. This
waste can exist in gas, liquid, or solid form with
varying levels of radioactivity, and can remain
radioactive for a few hours, several months, or
hundreds of thousands of years. The Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC) separates
radioactive wastes into two broad classifications:
high-level or low-level. High-level radioactive
waste results primarily from the fuel used by
reactors to produce electricity. Low-level
radioactive waste (LLRW) is defined as any
radioactive waste that does not belong in one of
the following three categories: (1) high-level
waste (spent nuclear fuel or the highly
radioactive waste produced if spent fuel is
reprocessed), (2) uranium milling residues, and
(3) waste with greater than specified quantities
of elements heavier than uranium (transuranics).
Low-level waste includes items that have
become contaminated with radioactive material
or have become radioactive through exposure to
neutron radiation. This waste typically consists
of environmental samples containing
radiological contamination, contaminated
protective clothing, cleaning cloths, mops,
filters, equipment, and tools. It is assumed that
samples analyzed by laboratories supporting
EPA remediation activities will not include
high-level radiation, therefore, this document
provides guidelines for handling samples
containing low-level radioactive contamination
and associated analytical waste. A radioactive
sample is defined by NRC as either:
Any sample with activity concentrations
greater than the "Exemption Concentration"
limits specified in 10 CFR 30.70, Schedule
A
Any sample containing a quantity of
activity greater than the "Exempt Quantity"
limits specified in 10 CFR 30.71, Schedule
B
Laboratory samples containing radiation levels
that are greater than background (i.e., ambient
level of radioactivity occurring at a site or in the
laboratory) must be treated as radioactive.
Waste material containing licensable quantities
of radioactivity (as indicated in the laboratory's
radioactive materials license) must be disposed
of in accordance with applicable federal and/or
state regulations.
Regulations
Any person or laboratory possessing, using,
storing, or transporting quantities of radioactive
materials must have a radioactive materials
license in accordance with applicable state
and/or NRC regulations
(http://www.nrc.gov/materials/miau/regs-guides-
comm.html. contact number 1-800-368-5642, or
301-415-7000). Laboratories disposing of
radioactive waste must have a Radiation Safety
Officer on staff, as required by their radioactive
materials license, with knowledge of all
regulations concerning radioactivity. To obtain
a license, laboratories must submit an
application to NRC and/or the applicable state.
This application must demonstrate how the
handling of these materials will meet the safety
requirements in NRC regulations found in 10
CFR Parts 19 - 21 and 30 - 39, or applicable
state regulations. Guidelines for obtaining a
state license can be found using the state Web
site sources listed in Appendix B. Items
typically addressed in a radioactive materials
license include:
Types and quantities of licensable
radioactive materials
Waste storage volume and time
constraints
Waste survey requirements
Personnel monitoring requirements
Disposal of radioactive waste is a complex issue,
not only because of the nature of the waste, but
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also because of the complicated regulatory
structure for managing it. There are a variety of
stakeholders affected, and a number of
regulatory entities involved. Government
agencies involved in radioactive waste
management include EPA, NRC, Department of
Energy (DOE), DOT, states, and affected tribes.
Responsibilities of government agencies in the
management of radioactive waste include the
following:
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
The NRC has regulatory authority over storage
and disposal of radiological wastes generated in
the United States. Part 61 of the NRC
regulations (10 CFR) sets forth the procedures,
criteria, terms and conditions for licensing sites
for land disposal of low-level waste. The
requirements established under Part 61 also
provide the basis for agreement with state
regulations, since state rules must be compatible
with NRC requirements. Additionally, 10 CFR
20.2002 is available for use by licensees for
disposal of low-level wastes for which the
extensive controls in Part 61 are not needed to
ensure protection of public health and safety and
the environment. Regulations require
conformance with minimum acceptable criteria
for waste management activities. NRC's
regulations are found in 10 CFR Chapter I,
which is divided into Parts 1 through 199. The
following are the principal requirements
governing the licensing of laboratory handling
and use of nuclear materials:
Part 19 - Notices, Instructions and
Reports to Workers: Inspection and
Investigations
Part 20 - Standards for Protection
Against Radiation
Part 21 - Reporting of Defects and
Noncompliance
Part 30 - Rules of General Applicability
to Domestic Licensing of Byproduct
Material
Part 32 - Specific Domestic Licenses to
Manufacture or Transfer Certain Items
Containing Byproduct Material
Part 33 - Specific Domestic Licenses of
Broad Scope for Byproduct Material
Part 34 - Licenses for Industrial
Radiography and Radiation Safety
Requirements for Industrial Radiographic
Operations
Part 40 - Domestic Licensing of Source
Material
Part 70 - Domestic Licensing of Special
Nuclear Material
Part 71 - Packaging and Transportation
of Radioactive Material
Part 110 - Export and Import of
Nuclear Equipment and Material
Section 150.20 - Recognition of
Agreement State Licenses [Reciprocity]
Additional NRC requirements at 10 CFR that are
pertinent to laboratories disposing of radioactive
waste include:
Part 2 - Specifies the licensing process
and requires an electronic record-keeping
system to preserve data needed for licensing
Section 20.2002 - General provision
that allows for alternative disposal methods,
provided that doses are maintained As Low
As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) and
within the dose limits of Part 20
Part 61 -Licensing requirements for
land disposal of radioactive waste
Part 62 -Criteria and procedures for
emergency access to non-federal and
regional low-level waste disposal facilities
Part 74 - Establishes requirements for
control and accounting of special nuclear
material, including documentation of
transfer of material
NRC also provides guidance to licensees and
other stakeholders regarding transportation of
packages containing radioactive material in its
Standard Review Plan for Transportation
Packages for Radioactive Material (NUREG-
1609).
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)
Under Section 121(a) of the Nuclear Waste
Policy Act (NWPA), EPA is required to
promulgate generally applicable standards for
protection of the environment from off-site
releases of radioactive materials in repositories.
The standards are intended to limit the amount
of radioactivity entering the biosphere outside
the boundaries of a facility and the radiation
exposure to the public from management of
waste prior to disposal, and provide criteria to be
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followed for disposal of these wastes. These
standards are found at 40 CFR Part 191
(Environmental Radiation Protection Standards
for Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear
Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive
Wastes).
The Department of Transportation (DOT)
DOT regulates packaging and transport of all
hazardous materials including nuclear waste.
Packaging must meet NRC regulations, which
are compatible with and generally derived from
internationally developed standards (e.g.,
International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA),
and the package design must be reviewed and
certified by NRC. DOT prescribes limits for
external radiation levels and contamination, and
controls the mechanical condition of carrier
equipment and qualifications of carrier
personnel. DOT regulations at 49 CFR 171 -
179 (Hazardous Materials Regulations) specify
requirements for the transportation of
radioactive materials.
Storage
Storage of low-level radioactive waste requires
an NRC or agreement state license. NRC or
agreement state regulations generally require
that waste be stored in a manner that keeps
radiation doses to workers and the public below
NRC-specified levels. Licensees must further
reduce these doses to levels that are ALARA.
Actual doses, in most cases, are a small fraction
of the NRC limits.
Waste Containers
Low-level radioactive waste is packaged in
containers appropriate to its level of hazard.
Some low-level radioactive wastes require
shielding with lead, concrete, or other materials
to protect workers and the public. Laboratory
staff must be trained to maintain a safe distance
from more highly radioactive materials, to limit
the amount of time near the materials, and to
monitor the waste to detect any releases.
Radioactive waste storage areas are posted to
identify the waste so that workers and the public
will not inadvertently enter the area. Low-level
waste may be stored to allow short-lived
radionuclides to decay to innocuous levels and
to provide safe-keeping when access to disposal
sites is not available. The NRC believes storage
can be safe over the short term as an interim
measure, but favors disposal rather than storage
over the long term. Waste must be stored in an
appropriate container (e.g., 55-gallon drum,
carboy, or DOT-approved B-12, B-25, or B-52
container) that complies with the laboratory's
radioactive materials license.
In addition to DOT requirements summarized in
Section 3.4.7, radiological waste containers must
be labeled in accordance with requirements at 10
CFR Part 61.
Storage Areas
According to NRC regulations at 10 CFR
20.1801 and 1802, all samples containing
radioactive contamination and all licensed
material possessed by the laboratory must be
stored in a designated storage location that is
secure from unauthorized access or removal.
The storage location must, at a minimum, be
posted as described in Section 5.2.3. General
storage requirements include:
Waste containing gamma exposure rates
> 5,000 uR/hr or with individual
radioisotope activity levels > 1 (iCi/gram
must be segregated from waste with lesser
gamma exposure rates (< 5,000 uR/hr or
activity levels < 1 (iCi/gram), and must be
stored in an area posted or otherwise
identified for "High Activity Sample
Storage."
Radioactive and mixed wastes awaiting
disposal must be segregated from non-
radioactive process wastes. Liquid waste
must be stored in closed containers.
The total used volume of these
containers must not exceed 55 gallons.
Time constraints for storing radioactive waste
are contained in the laboratory's radioactive
material license, which generally contain
language similar to the following: Waste
generated during sample preparation, analysis,
and cleanup operations containing licensable
quantities of radioactive material shall be
returned to the client submitting the sample as
soon as practicable, or shall be shipped to a
licensed disposal facility. Waste material
containing licensable quantities of radioactive
material, which is to be shipped to a disposal
facility, must be stored in closed containers.
The activity of waste material awaiting shipment
shall not exceed 100 mCi per single radionuclide
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(mass number 3 through 247) or a total of 2,000
mCi for all radionuclides combined.
Storage Area Posting Requirements
Areas of radioactive material handling and
contamination must be posted with appropriate
caution signs in accordance with 10 CFR
20.1902 and 10 CFR 20.1904. The signs must
bear the conventional radiation colors (magenta,
purple, or black on a yellow background) and
the three-blade tri-foil design, and postings must
be the size and quantity needed to properly alert
personnel of the radiological hazards. All
radiological postings must be conspicuously
posted so that personnel engaged in work
activities in the area can readily view them.
When possible, the size of the posted area will
be limited to the immediate area of concern,
rather than posting large non-specific areas, to
provide more specific worker guidelines while
limiting the chance of causing undue worker or
public alarm. Table 5-1 provides a summary of
area posting requirements. The following
exceptions may apply to the requirements listed
in Table 5-1:
Caution signs are not required in areas
or rooms containing sources of radiation for
periods of less than eight hours if each of
the following conditions is met:
o sources of radiation are constantly
attended by an individual who takes
precautions to prevent exposure of
individuals to radiation in excess of
the limits established in 10 CFR Part
20
o the area or room is under the control of
the laboratory
A room or area containing a sealed
source is not required to be posted with a
caution sign provided that the radiation level
at 30 centimeters from the surface of the
sealed source container or housing does not
exceed 5 mrem per hour.
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Table 3: Posting Requirements for Storage of Radioactive Samples and Waste
Area Area Posting Requirements
Restricted Area
A Restricted Area is defined as "any area, access to which is controlled by
the licensee for the purpose of protection of individuals from exposure to
radiation and radioactive materials." The immediate area in which
radiological activities are taking place (i.e., areas where contaminated land is
being remediated or where decontamination is taking place) shall be
considered Restricted Areas.
The maximum dose rate allowed at the boundary of a restricted area is 2
millirem per hour (mrem/hr), or an exposure rate that could result in more
than 100 millirem per year (mrem/yr), whichever is more restrictive.
Radiation Area
Areas, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an
individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 5 mrem in 1 hour at 30
centimeters from the radiation source or from any surface that the radiation
penetrates, or in any 5 consecutive days a dose in excess of 100 mrem, shall
be posted "Caution: Radiation Area."
High Radiation
Areas
Areas accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an
individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 100 mrem in 1 hour at 30
centimeters from the source or 30 centimeters from any surface that the
radiation penetrates shall be posted "Caution: High Radiation Area."
Very High
Radiation Areas
Areas, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an
individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of 5 mR in 1 hour at 1 meter
from a source of radiation or from any surface that radiation penetrates shall
be posted "Grave Danger: Very High Radiation Area."
Airborne
Radioactive
Materials
An area, room, or enclosure shall be posted "Caution: Airborne Radioactive
Materials" when airborne radioactive materials exist in concentrations that
are either:
in excess of the derived air concentrations (DACs) specified in 10 CFR Part
20, Appendix A, Table I
to such a degree that an individual without respiratory protective equipment
could exceed, during the hours an individual is present in a week, an intake of
0.6 percent of the annual limit on intake (ALI) or 12 DAC-hours
Radioactive
Materials Areas
Each area or room in which there is used or stored an amount of licensed or
registered source of radiation exceeding 10 times the quantity of such source
of radiation specified in 10 CFR Part 20, Appendix B shall be posted with a
conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words
"Caution: Radioactive Material(s)."
Hot Particle
Areas
Each area, room, or enclosure which contains hot particles shall be posted
with a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words
"Caution: Hot Particles" or "Caution: Hot Particle Area."
Temporary
Storage Areas
In the event the laboratory designates an area as a temporary "Radioactive
Material Storage Area," the storage area shall be posted with a conspicuous
sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and, at a minimum, the words
"Caution: Radioactive Materials, Restricted Area."
Monitoring and Documentation
Radioactive waste storage areas must be
surveyed and personnel monitored in accordance
with the laboratory's radioactive material license
which must specify requirements for surveys,
personnel monitoring, and storage of radioactive
material.
An inventory of analytical sources and
radioactive tracers must be performed in
accordance with the laboratory's radioactive
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material license, at least semi-annually, and a
written inventory must be maintained. A written
inventory also must be maintained of all
radioactive samples received by the laboratory
for analysis. This inventory must, at a
minimum, include the following information:
Date of sample receipt
Sample origin
Date samples returned to sample owner
or shipped for disposal
Inventory records of analytical source standards,
tracers, and samples received must be
maintained by the laboratory for a minimum of
three years.
Treatment
Both radioactive and mixed waste may require
treatment to meet one or more objectives prior to
final disposal (see Section 7 regarding mixed
waste). Treatment involves physical or chemical
processes that result in a waste form that is
acceptable for disposal or further treatment.
Treatment objectives include: (1) producing a
waste form acceptable for land disposal; (2)
volume/mobility reduction through possible
solidification or sizing; (3) producing a waste
more amenable for further treatment; or (4)
separating radioactive components from RCRA
or TSCA components. Another treatment
objective is to convert a radioactive RCRA
regulated waste to a radioactive non-RCRA
waste. Laboratory management should
determine if special permits or licenses are
required from various regulatory agencies prior
to the treatment of waste.
Radioactive wastes may require treatment to
meet the waste characteristics provided in 10
CFR 61.56 prior to disposal. The following
types of treatment may be used to meet those
requirements:
Non-solid radioactive waste may be
treated with various solidification agents
(such as cement, asphalt, or polymers) to
immobilize waste or sludge not otherwise
acceptable for disposal. Low-level
radioactive waste may be absorbed onto a
porous material, such as silica, vermiculite,
or organic materials to reduce the liquid
volume.
Dry radioactive waste may be treated
with compaction or super-compaction to
reduce the waste volume.
Glassware, disposable laboratory
equipment, and other radioactive waste may
be decontaminated for unrestricted release
by removal of surface radioactivity through
chemical (e.g., weak nitric acid rinse) or
physical means. The residue from the
decontamination of a surface may require
disposal as a radioactive waste.
Since the level of radioactivity decreases
with time, it may be possible to store
samples or materials containing a short-
lived radionuclide (e.g., Se-75, Ru-103, Ru-
106, Ir-192, Po-210) until the natural-decay
process reduces the radioactivity to a level
at which the waste can be considered non-
radioactive for waste management purposes.
Packaging
Packaging of low-level radioactive waste for
disposal must be in accordance with 10 CFR
20.2006(d) requirements. Each container of low
level radioactive waste must be clearly labeled
to identify whether it is Class A, Class B, or
Class C, as defined at 10 CFR 61.55. Containers
must be labeled in accordance with requirements
at 10 CFR Part 71 and 49 CFR Part 172. The
following minimum requirements for all classes
of low-level radioactive waste are intended to
facilitate handling and provide protection of
health and safety of personnel at a disposal site:
Wastes must be packaged in
conformance with the conditions of the
disposal site license. Where conditions of
the laboratory license are more restrictive
than the disposal site license, the laboratory
license conditions must be followed.
Wastes must not be packaged for
disposal in cardboard or fiberboard boxes.
Liquid waste must be packaged in
sufficient absorbent material to absorb twice
the volume of the liquid.
Solid waste containing liquid must
contain as little free-standing and non-
corrosive liquid as is reasonably achievable,
but in no case shall the liquid exceed one
percent of the volume.
Waste shall not be readily capable of
detonation or of explosive decomposition or
reaction at normal pressures and
temperatures, or of explosive reactions with
water.
Waste shall not contain, or be capable of
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generating, quantities of toxic gases, vapors,
or fumes harmful to persons transporting,
handling, or disposing of the waste.
Waste must not be pyrophoric.
Waste in a gaseous form shall be
packaged at an absolute pressure that does
not exceed 1.5 atmospheres at 20 ฐC. Total
activity shall not exceed 3.7 TBq (100 Ci)
per container.
Wastes containing hazardous,
biological, pathogenic, or infectious
material shall be treated to reduce, to the
maximum extent practicable, the potential
hazard from the non-radiological materials.
Package must be sufficiently stable to
ensure that the waste does not degrade and
affect overall stability of the disposal site
through slumping, collapse, or other failure
and thereby lead to water infiltration. The
following requirements should be followed
to provide stability of the waste at the
disposal site:
o Waste packaging must have
structural stability, allowing it to
maintain its physical dimensions
and its form, under the expected
disposal conditions such as weight
of overburden and compaction
equipment, the presence of
moisture, microbial activity, and
internal factors such as radiation
effects and chemical changes.
Structural stability can be provided
by the waste form itself, processing
the waste to a stable form, or
placing the waste in a disposal
container or structure that provides
stability after disposal.
o Wastes containing liquid should be
converted to a form that contains as
little freestanding liquid as is
reasonably achievable, but in no
case shall the liquid exceed one
percent of the volume of the waste
when the waste is in a disposal
container designed to ensure
stability, or 0.5 percent of the
volume of the waste for waste
processed to a stable form.
o Void spaces within the waste and
between the waste and its package
should be reduced to the extent
practicable.
Disposal
Disposal of radioactive wastes generated by the
laboratory is regulated by the NRC, regulating
state, and/or other agreement state. Records of
all waste disposed of must be maintained in
accordance with 10 CFR 20.2108 until
termination of the laboratory's license.
Sample and analytical waste generated during
sample preparation, analysis, and cleanup
operations containing licensable quantities of
radioactive material must either be returned to
the client submitting the sample (or site of
sample origination) as soon as practicable, or
shipped to a licensed disposal facility. Wastes
containing licensable quantities of radioactive
material, which is to be shipped to a disposal
facility, must be stored in closed containers.
The requirements of Waste Disposal (10 CFR
Part 20, Subpart K) must be followed, when
applicable, when solid waste material cannot be
returned to a client and must be disposed. A
sample of all liquid waste must be taken and
analyzed for radioactive contents and activity
prior to disposal. In general:
Radioactive Solid Waste - Radioactive
solid waste shall be disposed at a facility
licensed by the regulatory state for such
disposal, another agreement state, or the
NRC.
Radioactive Liquid Waste - Certain
water-soluble liquid wastes may be disposed
of by release into sanitary sewage systems
in accordance with the laboratory's
radioactive material license. Sewage
disposal is commonly used for low-level
radioactive liquid waste (usually in the form
of pH-neutralized waste) as long as it is
readily soluble in water and meets
requirements and limits set forth in 10 CFR
20.2003.
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6.0
Handling and Disposal of Samples and
Analytical Waste Containing Biological Hazards
Microorganisms are a natural part of the
environment and are found in soil, water, air,
and on plants and animals. Most organisms are
harmless or may be beneficial to humans or the
environment; however, some microorganisms
can cause disease (pathogens) and their
dissemination in the environment and disease
transmission to human and animal populations
must be either reduced or eliminated. Samples
and waste containing pathogenic
microorganisms require treatment either with
chemicals such as bleach, or use of non-
chemical procedures such as autoclaving or
ultraviolet radiation, to render them non-
infectious prior to disposal.
EPA's Standardized Analytical Methods for
Environmental Restoration Following Homeland
Security Events, (SAM) recognizes the
following categories of pathogens for
remediation:
Bacteria- (1-10 (im) single cells
lacking complex internal structures
(prokaryotes)
Viruses - (0.005 - 0.300 (im) particles
incapable of replicating except within a host
cell
Protozoa - (1 - 300 (im) single cells
with complex internal structures
(eukaryotes)
Helminths - parasitic worms (20 (im -
greater than 50 mm)
Some microorganisms produce metabolic
products (biotoxins) that can cause disease even
if the microorganism is not present or is no
longer viable (e.g., botulinum neurotoxin).
Biotoxins also can be produced by plants (e.g.,
ricin from castor beans) as well as animals (a-
conotoxin from snails). Biotoxins can be
proteins that are readily destroyed by addition of
bleach, or they can be small molecules that may
require an extreme treatment such as
incineration.
Procedures and regulations for handling and
disposal of environmental samples containing
these biological contaminants and the associated
analytical waste are similar to those for
infectious or biomedical waste and are
summarized in this section.
Regulations
In 1988, Congress passed the Medical Waste
Tracking Act of 1988, which resulted in
Standards for the Tracking and Management of
Medical Waste (40 CFR 22 and 259) and was in
effect for two years. At its expiration, individual
states and localities implemented a variety of
similar rules and regulations applying to non-
household-generated (e.g., laboratory and
hospital) biomedical waste. Currently, there are
no federal biomedical waste tracking and
management regulations in effect. As state and
local requirements vary considerably,
laboratories must consult individual agencies
governing their locality. A list of the agencies
governing medical and biological waste disposal
for each state and supporting documents can be
found in Appendix C and at:
http: //www .epa. gov/osw/nonhaz/industrial/medi
cal/programs.htm. In addition to the regulations
summarized in Section 3.4, the regulations
summarized below must be considered by
laboratories generating biological waste.
Employee safety while handling and
disposing of biological samples is addressed
under OSHA regulations 29 CFR 1910.
These regulations include general hazardous
materials sections on employee training (29
CFR 1910.1200(h)), written hazard
communication (29 CFR 1910.1200(e)), and
MSDS requirements (29 CFR
1910.1200(g)). The Bloodborne Pathogens
regulations (29 CFR 1910.1030) are specific
for exposure to blood or other potentially
infectious materials containing pathogens
and do not apply to environmental samples.
While medical and biological waste is
not regulated under current federal RCRA
regulations, there are federal requirements
-------
for incineration of medical waste under the
Clean Air Act (CAA Sections 129 and 130).
Incineration is the method of choice for
large amounts of infectious waste, and
incinerator operators must comply with EPA
standards for clean air and emissions. If
chemicals or pesticides are used in the
treatment of medical waste, the appropriate
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) regulations must
be followed. Section 18 of FIFRA provides
procedures and authorizes the Administrator
to exempt state and federal agencies from
provisions of the Act if it is determined that
emergency conditions exist that require an
exemption.
42 CFR Parts 72 and 73 describe the
possession, use, transfer, and disposal of
select agents and toxins (Section 10.4;
Richmond, 2002). Select agent pathogens
are handled and disposed of under BSL-2,
BSL-3, or BSL-4 conditions (Section 10.4;
National Committee on Clinical Laboratory
Standards, 2002 and Richmond, 2002).
Clinical or diagnostic laboratories that
possess, use, or transfer a select agent or
toxin that is contained in a specimen
presented for diagnosis or verification will
be exempt from the requirements of this part
provided that within seven calendar days
after identification, the select agent or toxin
is transferred in accordance with Part 73.16
or destroyed on-site by a recognized
sterilization or inactivation process. If
exempted, the identified select agent or
toxin is reported to the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or
other appropriate agencies using Animal and
Plan Health Inspection Service
(APHIS)/CDC Form 4 within seven
calendar days after identification and a copy
of the form maintained for three years.
Under extraordinary circumstances, such as
a widespread outbreak, less stringent
reporting may be required. Laboratories
performing regular testing and using control
stocks containing a select agent or toxin
must conform to all regulations for select
agents. These regulations should be
consulted for the proper accounting and
record keeping requirements. The following
select agent pathogens are listed in SAM,
Revision 5.0 (September 2009):
- Bacillus anthracis
- Brucella spp.
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
Coxiella burnetii
- Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis
Biotoxins are regulated as select agents only if
the aggregate amount of the biotoxin exceeds a
threshold level. Select agent toxins are handled
and disposed of under BSL-2 or BSL-3
conditions (Section 10.4, Richmond, 2002). The
following select agent biotoxins (with the
regulated threshold in parenthesis) are listed in
SAM, Revision 5.0:
- Abrin (100 mg)
- Botulinum neurotoxins (0.5 mg)
Conotoxins (100 mg)
- Diacetoxyscirpenol (1000 mg)
- Ricin(lOOmg)
Saxitoxin (100 mg)
- Shiga and Shiga-like toxins (100
mg)
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (5 mg)
- Tetrodotoxin (100 mg)
- T-2 toxin (1000 mg)
Storage
Prior to storage, samples and associated waste
must be clearly identified and segregated by
placement in leakproof bags or containers.
Disposable, puncture-resistant cardboard
containers and leakproof bags are commercially
available, as well as reusable plastic and metal
pans. Many states require that biological waste
have a primary and secondary container (e.g.,
either a bag within a box, or double-bagged).
Biological waste storage facilities or areas must
have appropriate state and local permits, and
must be fully enclosed, secured to prevent entry
of unauthorized persons, not used for other
purposes, and operated in such a manner as to
minimize odor and entry by rodents and insect
vectors. These areas must be conspicuously
identified with signs containing the International
Biological Hazard Symbol or phrases such as
"Infectious Waste" or "Bio-Hazard." Waste
storage containers must be handled in a manner
that does not affect the integrity of the
packaging. Containers or packaging must
remain intact without signs of leakage.
Damaged or leaking containers may be packed
into appropriately labeled and constructed
containers. Waste held for more than seven days
must be maintained at temperatures below 10
-------
ฐC. Records should contain the name and
location of the waste generator, quantity of
waste generated, date accepted, contact person
for waste, and quantity removed.
Containerized treated solid waste can be mixed
with other solid waste for storage prior to
transport and disposal. Relevant health
department requirements must be met for solid
waste storage.
Note: Laboratory waste containing select agents must be handled separately from other biological
wastes; storage of select agent samples and waste must comply with requirements at 42 CFR Parts 72
and 73 (see Section 5.2.4 and Reference 9.3.7).
Treatment
Laboratories can reach waste decontamination
objectives by selecting acceptable treatment
techniques and applying them diligently. Prior
to decontamination, samples and associated
waste (e.g., glassware or disposable equipment
such as micro-pipette tips) must be clearly
identified and segregated by placement in
leakproof bags or containers. Disposable,
puncture-resistant cardboard containers and
leakproof bags are commercially available, as
well as reusable plastic and metal pans. If
samples are not decontaminated within 48 hours,
consideration must be given to storage in
appropriate containers at reduced temperatures
(i.e., below 10ฐC). Decontaminated disposable
Table 4: Comparison of Decontamination Procedures
materials can be disposed of along with
associated solid hazardous waste;
decontaminated re-useable equipment can be
cleaned as required for its intended used.
Information regarding the effectiveness of
procedures for decontamination of laboratory
waste containing specific pathogens and
biotoxins (i.e., listed in SAM, Revision 5.0) is
provided in Tables 6-1 and 6-2 below.
Pathogens and Protein Biotoxins
Sterilization and inactivation techniques and
their applicability to various pathogens, protein
biotoxins, and equipment (Section 10.4) are
provided in Table 6-1.
Parameter
Contact
Time (min)
Liquids
Infectious
Waste
Glassware
Instruments
Vegetative
Bacteria
Bacterial
Spores
Hydrophilic
Viruses
Lipid
Viruses
Protein
Toxins
Autoclave
15 lb/in2
50-90
+
+
+
ฑ
+
+
+
+
+
Dry-heat
Oven
180-240
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Incinerator
1>60
-
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
uv
10-30
-
-
-
-
+
-
ฑ
-
-
Chlorine
Compound
10-30
-
-
+
+
+
ฑ
+
+
+
Phenolic
Compound
10-30
+
+
+
+
+
-
ฑ
+
+
Alcohol
10-30
-
-
-
-
+
-
ฑ
+
-
+ Effective treatment
ฑ Somewhat effective treatment
- Non-effective or not applicable treatment
-------
Non-Protein Biotoxins
Decontamination parameters for non-protein
biotoxins are provided in Table 6-2. Do not use
steam sterilization (autoclave) for destruction of
non-protein biotoxins. Unless otherwise stated,
contact time for chemical inactivation is 30
minutes. Some non-protein biotoxins are
extremely resistant to inactivation and should be
treated only by incineration (Section 10.3).
Table 5: Comparison of Decontamination Procedures for Non-protein Biotoxins
Parameter
Aflatoxin
A-Amanitin
Anatoxin
Brevetoxin
Cylindrospermopsin
Diacetoxyscirpenol
Microcystins
Picrotoxin
Saxitoxin
T-2 Mycotoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Incinerator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
2.5% NaOCl
with 0.25 N NaOH
+
/
-
+
/
+
+
-
+
+ (4 hr)
+
2.5% NaOCl
+
+
-
+
+
+ (at 3 -5% NaOCl)
+
-
+
-
+
1%
NaOCl
/
+
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+ Effective treatment
- Non-effective or not applicable treatment
/ Treatment results unknown
Non-Chemical Treatment
Steam sterilization - All laboratories
handling moderate- to high-risk agents
(BSL-3 and BSL-4) must have a steam
autoclave within the restricted area. For
low-risk agents (BSL-2), an autoclave must
be available, preferably on the same floor
and in the general vicinity of the laboratory.
The processing time will depend upon
loading factors such as the type of autoclave
pan (metal versus polypropylene), the use of
autoclavable waste bags, the amount of
water in the waste, and the weight of the
waste load. The moisture content of
saturated steam at 121 ฐC - 132 ฐC is
responsible for the rapid destruction of
microbes. Thus, if sufficient water is not
present, water should be added. Steam
sterilizers must be equipped to continuously
monitor and record temperature and
pressure. Alternative methods of evaluating
effectiveness, such as temperature-sensitive
tape affixed to each container, may be used.
Sterilizers must be periodically evaluated
for effectiveness.
Dry heat - Dry-heat ovens are used for
glassware, instruments, and anhydrous
materials such as oils, greases, and powders,
as the moisture component of saturated
steam will not adequately penetrate
anhydrous materials and closed containers.
Temperatures of 160 ฐC - 180 ฐC can be
selected. Contact time of 180 - 240 minutes
takes into account the lag time for certain
materials to reach the temperature in the
oven and may or may not be applicable to
all situations. Good examples of the times
required to decontaminate various materials
are presented in Rutala, 1982 (Section 10.4).
Incineration - Incineration is the
method of choice for large amounts of
infectious waste. Non-protein toxins that
are resistant to other methods of
decontamination can be disposed of by
incineration. Difficulty in building,
running, and meeting regulatory guidelines
for incinerators prevents many laboratories
from using this method for disposal. Where
available, however, samples and waste can
-------
be outsourced to commercial facilities with
approved incinerators. Section 6.4.2
describes the storage conditions, containers,
and labeling of untreated waste prior to
pickup by the waste transport facility.
Ultraviolet radiation - Germicidal
ultraviolet (UV) radiation at 253.7 nm is
effective against most vegetative cell
microbes and some bacterial spores, but has
limited penetrating power. It is thus used
primarily with unprotected microbes on
exposed surfaces or in the air. Germicidal
UV will not penetrate accumulated organic
material, opaque liquids, packaging
material, soil, dust, or other solids. The
intensity, or destructive power, of the lamp
decreases by the square of the distance from
the lamp; thus, effectiveness is related to
exposure time and distance from the UV
source. The intensity of the lamp will also
decrease with time and should be checked
yearly with a UV meter. The intensity of
the lamp also is drastically affected by the
accumulation of dust and dirt, and the
surface of the lamp should be wiped weekly
with alcohol. UV lights are not intended to
replace routine decontamination processes
for the interior of a biosafety cabinet and
must be used in conjunction with
established disinfection procedures. This
restriction is especially important to note
when working with unknown and/or
possibly resistant microorganisms such as
spores. Due to the short time for UV
overexposure (e.g., 1.3 - 6.7 minutes at the
face of a biological safety cabinet), it is
recommended that neither laboratory nor
maintenance personnel work in a room with
UV lighting.
Chemical Treatment
Chlorine compounds - Inexpensive
treatments can be made from commercial
products such as Cloroxฎ (NaOCl, 5% or
52,500 ppm C12). Non-protein biotoxins are
more readily inactivated by the addition of
NaOH (final concentration 0.25 N) to the
chlorine solution. These compounds are
quickly inactivated by organic matter, work
best at pH 6.0 - 8.0, and perform most
rapidly at higher temperatures. Chlorine
solutions are skin irritants and corrosive to
metal. Hence, these solutions should be
used with caution and in well-ventilated
areas.
Phenolic and phenolic-detergent
based compounds - These compounds
have a broad microbicidal spectrum and are
less affected by organic matter than are
other chemical treatments. However,
phenolic and phenolic-detergent based
compounds can corrode some plastics and
very high concentrations are needed to
inactivate hydrophilic viruses.
Commercially available products include
Lysolฎ and Pine-Solฎ.
Alcohol - Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol (70
- 85%) is used to disinfect contaminated
surfaces. Paper towels and wipes that have
been used to apply and remove alcohol
solutions should be decontaminated prior to
disposal. As alcohol is combustible, make
sure that the alcohol has evaporated if a heat
treatment is used for decontaminating used
towels and wipes. Alcohols are ineffective
against spores, hydrophilic viruses, parasite
cysts and ova, and toxins.
Other compounds - Various other
chemicals also are available and used for
decontamination. Quaternary ammonium
compounds (Roccalฎ, or equivalent) are
odorless and non-irritating, but some
formulations are inactivated by soap and
soap residues. Glutaraldehyde is used as a
2% solution for re-usable instruments that
cannot be autoclaved. Glutaraldehyde has
been implicated as an occupational hazard
due to sensitivity problems in workers using
it as a high-level disinfectant. Iodine
compounds are available as iodophors,
which are combinations of elemental iodine
and a substance that makes the iodine
soluble in water. Iodine compounds are
effective against many microbes, but do not
work well in the presence of organic
material and can stain clothing and surfaces.
Bromine also is a known biocide and can be
used for disinfection, sometimes as a
substitute for chlorine. Stabilized bromine
biocide is used for industrial water treatment
to control microbiological activity.
Chlorine dioxide is often used to
decontaminate medical waste. Ozone has
been used for treatment of both sludge and
water.
-------
Packaging
During and following analytical procedures in
the laboratory, analytical solid waste and
residual samples are accumulated in red
leakproof bags with identifying markings such
as "Bio-Hazard." Markings must be indelible
and permanent. Many states require that
biological wastes have a primary and secondary
container such as a second bag (double-
bagging), or a labeled, puncture-resistant
cardboard container. Containers holding sharp
objects must also be rigid and puncture-resistant.
Liquid waste is accumulated in leakproof plastic,
metal, or glass containers. Waste can either be
decontaminated on-site or transported off-site
for treatment. Disposal is the same whether the
material has been treated on- or off-site. Select
agents must be handled separately from other
biological wastes, and handling procedures must
comply with requirements at 42 CFR 72 and 73.
Preparation of Treated Waste for Off-site
Disposal
Treated waste can be mixed with other solid
waste for landfilling. Decontaminated
biological waste containing free liquids that
would prevent blade mixing at the disposal
facility must be further processed to eliminate
the liquids. Treated waste containers that have
identifying phrases such as "Infectious Waste"
or "Bio-Hazard," are red in color, or display the
International Biological Hazard Symbol, must
be processed by grinding, incineration, or other
method to remove such markings.
Preparation of Untreated Waste for Off-
site Treatment and Disposal
Small containers may be combined and placed
inside larger containers as long as the
identifiable markings are repeated on the
exterior of the larger container. The outermost
packaging must have the International
Biological Hazard Symbol and an identifying
phrase such as "Infectious Waste" or "Bio-
Hazard," the date of packaging, and the name
and address of the packager.
Single-use containers must be burnable if
destined for incineration. Multiple-use
containers must be smooth, cleanable, and
resistant to corrosion. After pickup, emptied
containers must be cleaned at a site next to the
pickup area with a disinfectant-detergent, such
as a phenolic or iodophor compound, followed
by steam, if compatible.
Disposal
Waste disposal regulations vary from locality to
locality, and laboratories must understand the
applicable state and local requirements for
proper disposal (Appendix C). Common
procedures for disposal of treated and untreated
waste are described in Sections 6.5.1 and 6.5.2,
respectively.
Treated Waste
Transportation - Decontaminated
biological waste may be transported with
other solid waste. State or local regulations
may require that written certification
(stating that the waste has been rendered
non-infectious or inactivated) be given to
the transporter on a per load, annual, or
other basis.
Disposal - Solid waste can be disposed
of either by incineration or by landfilling.
As with transportation, state or local
regulations may require written certification
that the waste has been rendered non-
infectious or inactivated. Most sewer
authorities allow appropriately treated
biological wastes resulting in water-soluble
liquids to be disposed of in the sanitary
sewer system, with the permission of the
system authorities.
Untreated Waste
Transportation - Untreated biological
waste must not be transported with solid
waste, and must be transported to an
approved storage or disposal facility.
Vehicles must be enclosed to prevent escape
of waste into the environment, with
notification of authorities if a spill occurs.
Transport vehicle surfaces must be capable
of being easily cleaned and decontaminated
if they come in contact with untreated
waste. The vehicle must be identified with
the name of the transporter, name and
telephone number of a contact person, and
the International Biological Hazard Symbol
and/or phrase such as "Infectious Waste."
Transport personnel must wear impermeable
gloves and protective clothing. Transporters
also must have the appropriate state and
local permits and maintain applicable
-------
records. If waste is shipped to a disposal
facility, shipping regulations must be
followed. Select agents must be handled
separately from other biological waste, and
handling procedures must comply with
requirements at 42 CFR Parts 72 and 73.
Disposal - Untreated biological waste must
be treated before disposal. Biological waste
not treated at the point of generation can be
treated by incineration or steam sterilization
at an off-site facility. After incineration, all
combustible waste must be reduced to ash
and non-combustible waste such as metal
must be processed by grinding or shredding
to render the waste unrecognizable as
biological waste. If steam sterilization is
used, similar additional processing also may
be required to render the waste
unrecognizable as biological waste. After
treatment, incineration ash or treated waste
may be disposed of in a landfill
-------
7.0
Handling and Disposal of Samples and
Analytical Waste Containing Mixed Hazards
Multi-hazardous waste is waste that contains
two or more of the following: radioactive,
infectious agent(s), or hazardous chemical(s).
Mixed waste is one type of multi-hazardous
waste, and contains both a chemical component
(regulated by the EPA as a hazardous waste) and
radioactive material (regulated by the NRC).
Mixed transuranic waste (MTRU) is waste that
has a hazardous component and contains
radioactive elements that are heavier than
uranium. The radioactivity in the MTRU must
be greater than 100 nCi/g, and the waste must
include RCRA hazardous constituents. These
wastes typically are classified according to the
highest applicable hazard type, which are listed
below in descending order of hazard:
Radioactive materials, other than limited
quantities (Class 7)
Poisonous gases (Class 2, Division 3)
Flammable gases (Class 2, Division 1)
Nonflammable gases (Class 2, Division
2)
Poisonous liquids (Division 6.1, Packing
Group I, poisonous-by-inhalation only)
Waste meeting the definition of a
pyrophoric material in ง 173.124(b)(l)
(Class 4, Division 2, Packing Group 1,
liquids only)
Waste meeting the definition of a self-
reactive material in ง 173.124(a)(2) (Class
4, Division 1)
Flammable liquids (Class 3), corrosive
materials (Class 8), flammable solids (Class
4, Division 1), spontaneously combustible
materials (Class 4, Division 2), dangerous
materials when wet (Class 4, Division 3),
oxidizers (Class 5, Division 1) or poisonous
liquids or solids other than Packing Group I,
poisonous-by-inhalation (Class 6, Division
1). The hazard class and packing group for
a material meeting more than one of these
hazards is determined using the precedence
table in 49 CFR 173.2.
Combustible liquids
Class 9 (miscellaneous hazardous
materials)
The NRC and DOE regulate the radioactive
portion of mixed waste under Atomic Energy
Act (AEA) authority, while EPA regulates the
hazardous waste portion of mixed waste under
RCRA authority. Therefore, all AEA and
RCRA requirements for waste generation,
storage, and disposal must be met for each
sample or waste defined as a "mixed waste." In
cases where this waste contains chemical
warfare agents, laboratories must contact the
EPA Coordinator for instructions.
Multi-hazardous Samples and Wastes
Multi-hazardous waste typically contains two or
more RCRA contaminants and/or infectious
agents and is regulated as a hazardous waste
based on the higher applicable hazard class
listed above. EPA regulates multi-hazardous
wastes under RCRA requirements for
generation, storage, and disposal for each waste
component.
Handling
Samples and analytical materials designated as
multi-hazardous waste must be handled as a
RCRA-contaminated waste and handling
procedures must follow requirements noted in
Section 4 for each waste component. Each
compound contained in the waste must be
documented, and special notice must be made if
the two (or more) chemical compounds are
incompatible or if degradation products can
increase the hazard or instability of the waste.
This waste must be treated only with careful
consideration of the impact on all components of
the waste, including potential byproducts.
Procedures for handling this type of waste must
be included in the laboratory's Waste
Management Plan. Recommended general
practices include:
-------
If possible, generation of multi-
hazardous wastes should be avoided;
disposal can be difficult and expensive.
If generation cannot be avoided,
minimize volumes generated.
If multi-hazardous waste contains an
infectious agent(s), inactivation of the
agent may be possible with proper
consideration of other hazardous
components of the waste.
Segregate the waste as much as possible,
for example: liquid from solid waste;
non-water soluble waste from aqueous
waste; by isotope half-life: short (< 120
days) or long (> 120 days); oxidizers
from organic compounds, flammable,
combustible, and reducing agents (e.g.,
zinc, alkaline metals).
Table 6: Guidelines for Disposal of Multi-hazardous Laboratory Wastes
Disposal
Multi-hazardous waste is disposed of using
technologies that are compatible with the
destruction or containment of all contaminants
without increasing the hazard of the waste.
Some multi-hazardous wastes may require
multiple steps or increased environmental
monitoring for complete disposal. Table 7-1
presents information provided by the National
Institutes of Health (NIH) for disposal of multi-
hazardous waste
(http://orf.od.nih.gov/Environmental+Protection/
Waste+Disposal/multiwaste .htm).
Waste Description
Hazardous
chemical(s)
and
Radioactive material
Infectious agent(s)
and
Hazardous
chemical(s)
and
Radioactive material
Infectious agent(s)
and
Hazardous
chemical(s)
Infectious agent(s)
and
Radioactive material
Disposal Method
"Mixed Waste"
Use the smallest non-glass container possible. Complete and attach to container a:
Chemical waste label
Radioactive Waste Pickup Receipt
Radioactive material label
Infectious agent
inactivated
Infectious agent not
inactivated
Infectious agent not
inactivated
Infectious agent
inactivated
Infectious agent
inactivated
Infectious agent not
inactivated
"Mixed Waste"
Use the smallest non-glass container possible. Complete
and attach to container a:
Chemical waste label
Radioactive Waste Pickup Receipt Radioactive material
label.
Contact regulatory authority.
Contact regulatory authority.
Treat as chemical waste. Follow chemical waste
procedures.
Treat as radioactive waste. Follow radioactive waste
procedures.
Treat as radioactive biological waste.
Follow radioactive biological waste disposal procedures
included in Waste Management Plan.
Mixed Waste Samples and Waste
Mixed waste is composed of radioactive waste
defined under the AEA and hazardous waste as
defined under RCRA. As a result, treatment and
regulation of these wastes is complex. In
general, the requirements of RCRA and AEA
are consistent and compatible. However, in
cases where requirements of the two acts are
found to be inconsistent, the AEA takes
precedence. Laboratories should contact the
NRC to develop the information that should be
included in a plan to store mixed waste.
EPA's Mixed Waste Rule, finalized on May 16,
2001, provides increased flexibility to generators
-------
and facilities that manage low-level mixed waste
(LLMW) and technologically-enhanced,
naturally-occurring, and/or accelerator-produced
radioactive material (NARM) containing
hazardous waste. LLMW is exempt from some
RCRA storage and treatment regulations, and
LLMW or eligible NARM are exempt from
RCRA hazardous waste transportation and
disposal regulations. These wastes are exempt
from RCRA Subtitle C requirements, including
permitting, provided they meet specific
conditions (e.g., see U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (ACE) Compliance Fact Sheets at:
http://www.environmental.usace.army.mil/comp
ryfs.htm). The exempt wastes must then be
managed as radioactive waste in accordance
with NRC or NRC agreement state regulations.
Regulations
To remain in compliance with regulatory
requirements for mixed-waste storage, the
laboratory may need to obtain an EPA (or
authorized state) storage permit and/or amend
their NRC (or agreement state) license.
Examples of instances where an NRC license
amendment may be needed include:
If the total activity of the radioactive
material at the facility (in use, in storage, or
in waste) would exceed the activity
authorized by the facility license
If the laboratory intends to store the
waste in a portion of the facility not
authorized by the license
If the chemical or physical form of the
waste is not authorized by the license
If the storage program is not specifically
included within the scope of the
authorization
If a laboratory is required to amend its
radioactive materials license, NRC will require
the laboratory to provide sufficient information
to evaluate the request and determine if the
proposed amendment impacts the level of
protection afforded by the existing license. If a
laboratory stores mixed-waste containing special
nuclear material, it must address the special
properties of the fissile radioisotopes in the
waste. The laboratory's mixed-waste storage
program must address the spatial distribution,
geometry, volume, and the concentration of this
waste at the storage facility. Strict controls must
be implemented and documented to assure the
safe storage of mixed-waste containing special
nuclear material. Appropriate security measures
are to be taken, and documented, to ensure the
physical security of special nuclear material at
the storage facility. The laboratory must comply
with all requirements stipulated in their license
and with the requirements in 10 CFR Part 70,
"Domestic Licensing of Special Nuclear
Material."
Handling and Storage
Procedures for handling and storing mixed
wastes must follow requirements for labeling,
storing, packaging, and monitoring noted in
Sections 4 and 5 of this document. Container
labels must indicate the RCRA chemical
contaminant(s) and list the associated UN ID(s).
All safety concerns specific to both the
radiological and RCRA chemical compounds
must be observed. In general, mixed-waste must
be stored in a manner that ensures the waste
does not create a radiological hazard to
surrounding areas, increase the potential for a
release of radioactive materials to unrestricted
areas, or pose an increased hazard to facility
personnel. The physical, chemical, and
radiological characteristics of the waste, as well
as any other characteristics that could pose a
potential health and safety problem in the
storage area, must be identified and evaluated.
The NRC generally allows facilities to store
waste containing radionuclides with half-lives of
less than 65 days until 10 half-lives have elapsed
and the radiation emitted from the unshielded
surface of the waste (as measured with an
appropriate survey instrument) is
indistinguishable from background levels. The
waste may then be disposed of as non-
radioactive, but still RCRA waste, after ensuring
that all radioactive material labels are rendered
unrecognizable (see 10 CFR 35.92).
Radioactive waste may also be stored for decay
under certain circumstances in accordance with
10 CFR 20.2001. For mixed waste, storage for
decay is particularly advantageous, since the
waste may be managed solely as a hazardous
waste after the radionuclides decay to
background levels. Thus, the management and
regulation of these mixed wastes are greatly
simplified.
Before disposing of this waste after decay, the
-------
licensee must survey the waste using an
appropriate survey instrument and technique,
and demonstrate that any radiation emitted is
indistinguishable from background levels.
Laboratories not already authorized to hold
wastes for decay-in-storage, but wish to hold
mixed waste for decay-in-storage, may need to
obtain a license amendment from NRC prior to
storing the mixed waste. Many licensees in
possession of mixed waste and using decay-in-
storage options will be required to obtain an
amendment to store the mixed waste as
hazardous waste.
The following must be included in a license
amendment request to NRC:
a description of the survey procedures to
be used during storage and prior to release
of the waste to a hazardous waste-only
facility
a description of the procedures for
segregating and tracking waste, from
storage to release to a hazardous waste-only
facility
a commitment that waste will be held
for a minimum often half-lives prior to
performing the final radiation survey before
release to a hazardous waste-only facility
a statement that the decayed radioactive
waste will not be released to a hazardous
waste-only facility unless the radiation
emitted from the waste is indistinguishable
from background radiation
While NRC licensing amendments address the
management of the radioactive component of
these wastes, they generally have no effect on
the applicable RCRA storage provisions.
Storage requirements under RCRA should be
implemented in a manner that provides
appropriate protection of health and the
environment, without setting up undue
impediments to well-conducted decay programs.
Disposal
Mixed waste and mixed transuranic wastes are
disposed of in a limited number of facilities in
the U.S. It is typically the responsibility of the
laboratory's waste broker (Section 3.1.4) to
identify appropriate disposal sites or facilities
for these waste types.
If a laboratory generates a quantity of low-level
mixed waste that, combined with on-site RCRA
non-mixed hazardous waste generation, does not
exceed 100 kg/mo (or one kilogram of acutely
hazardous waste as defined in 40 CFR
261.11(a)(2) and listed in 40 CFR 261.31-33), it
qualifies as a conditionally-exempt SQG. As a
result, it can dispose of the low-level mixed
waste as low-level radioactive waste, if these
materials meet the disposal site's waste
acceptance criteria (40 CFR 261.5).
RCRA disposal permit requirements are unit-
specific (i.e., dependent on compound and
concentration) and are described in 40 CFR Part
264 for permitted facilities and 40 CFR Part 265
for interim status facilities. Interim status
requirements are self-implementing waste
management requirements which are limited to
facilities that were already in existence on the
date that a new regulation or statutory
requirement took effect and which subjected the
facility to RCRA. For mixed-waste facilities in
authorized states, this date generally corresponds
to the date that the state received authorization
for a mixed-waste program, although state
requirements may differ.
Mixed waste is sent to a limited number of
facilities that are licensed under both of the
appropriate laws. For example, radioactive
RCRA waste cannot go to a RCRA landfill that
is not licensed under the Low Level Radioactive
Waste Policy Act (LLRWPA) nor can it be
disposed at a LLRW site that is not licensed. No
treatment or disposal options exist for certain
classes of mixed waste, such as a mixture of
radiation and PCB wastes or radiation and long-
lived warfare agents. Indefinite storage is the
only option for these waste streams with no
treatment or disposal capacity.
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8.0
Shipping
Shippers are responsible for ensuring
compliance with DOT, UN, and International
Air Transport Association (IATA) regulations
regarding the transfer of hazardous substances
and environmental samples. These regulations
(CFR 49 Parts 171 through 180 for DOT, 40
CFR Part 172 for UN, and the Dangerous Goods
Regulations for IATA), provide specific details
regarding proper marking, labeling, placarding,
packaging, and shipment of hazardous materials,
substances and wastes, and regulatory
exceptions, and must be consulted prior to
preparation of or planning for sample shipment.
IATA and DOT both require specific training for
anyone directly involved in the shipping of
dangerous goods (IATA 1.5, 49 CFR 172.700).
IATA requires training and re-certification every
two years, while DOT requires training and re-
certification every three years. Recent changes
in DOT shipping regulations (October 1, 2006)
and United Nations (January 1, 2007) require
retraining of personnel as of these dates under
49 CFR 172.702
(http://hazmat.dot.gov/regs/49cfr/172/172.702.ht
m) and 49 CFR 172.704
(http://hazmat.dot.gov/regs/49cfr/
172/172.704 .htm).
The laboratory is responsible for ensuring that
transport drivers are properly licensed and that
the route selected is correct for the type of
hazard being shipped. Laboratories should
obtain and keep copies of all driver endorsement
licenses, and most haulers will provide this
information when asked. All waste shipments
must be properly documented with a manifest
and bill of lading. Laboratories should file the
correct manifesting forms with the appropriate
state and disposal agencies.
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9.0
Disposal Sites
Laboratories are responsible for the proper
transport and disposal of its solid waste. If using
a private hauler, laboratory staff must make sure
the vehicles being used are enclosed or can
otherwise prevent spills, and that they are
adequately maintained. Laboratory staff also
must make sure that the waste is being disposed
of at a permitted facility.
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities (TSDFs)
RCRA provides direction and requirements that
must be followed by chemical TSDFs. U.S.
Army guidelines (based on 50 U.S.C. 1512-
1521) express a preference for on-site treatment
of chemical warfare munitions. A military fixed
treatment and disposal facility differs from
commercial TSDF, as commercial TSDFs
cannot be used to treat these munitions.
Commercial TSDFs, however, can accept
secondary waste generated by either mobile
systems or individual treatment technologies if
the waste no longer contains agent (except at de
minimis levels).
TSDF Permits
Owners and operators of hazardous waste
management units must have permits (40 CFR
Part 264) during the active life (including the
closure period) of the unit. Each TSDF site
requires an EPA ID and a Part A or Part B
permit. TSDFs are authorized to accept and
dispose of wastes as indicated by the facility's
permit.
A Type A permit requires specification of the
hazardous wastes listed or designated under 40
CFR Part 261 to be treated, stored, or disposed
of at the facility; an estimate of the quantity of
such wastes to be treated, stored, or disposed of
annually; and a general description of the
processes to be used for such wastes, along with
location of facility, owner information, obtained
permits, and building/construction designs for
the facility. The TSDF can modify permit
acceptances (quantity and concentration of
chemicals accepted) with EPA approval (40
CFR 270.42).
A Type B permit requires specification of the
hazardous wastes listed or designated under 40
CFR Part 261 to be treated, stored, or disposed
of at the facility; an estimate of the quantity of
such wastes to be treated, stored, or disposed of
annually; a general description of the processes
to be used for such wastes; and the location of
the facility, including a full geologic assessment,
plans for release prevention and containment,
structural engineering studies for plant
development and containment, responses to
cover 100-year environmental events,
groundwater evaluation and monitoring plans,
owner information, and obtained permits. The
TSDF can modify their permit acceptances with
the approval of EPA (40 CFR 270.42).
The TSDF must maintain the ability to properly
dispose of the individual waste in an EPA
approved manner with completed disposal
actions certified. The TSDF can apply to
modify their permit with EPA when necessary.
The laboratory will be responsible to meet all
generator status requirements even if the
selected TSDF fails to gain the modification.
TSDF Waste Acceptance Criteria
Each TSDF has criteria and limits for acceptance
of wastes as delineated by the facility's EPA
Part A or Part B permit. Waste profiles are
approved by the TSDF prior to acceptance of the
laboratory's waste for disposal at the facility.
Waste Profiles typically include information
regarding the following:
Waste generator (laboratory) by proper
company name, address, phone, and EPA ID
Generator contact information,
including a 24-hour phone number
Type of waste (solid, liquid, aqueous,
mixed material, etc.)
Amount expected to be disposed of and
frequency of shipment
Chemical composition, including all UN
IDs and proper shipping names
Land ban notification
-------
Hazard class and shipping container
regulations
Any other information considered
critical to disposal
Radiological Waste Disposal Sites
Low-level radiological wastes are commonly
disposed of in a limited number of near-surface
facilities rather than in geologic repositories,
such are those required for high-level wastes.
Once disposed of, there is no intent to recover
these wastes. The waste must meet site waste
acceptance criteria prior to disposal. Burial of
transuranic waste is limited at all sites. In 2000,
low-level waste disposal facilities received
approximately 3.3 million cubic feet of
commercially-generated radioactive waste. Of
this, 8.2% came from nuclear reactors, 83.8%
from industrial users, 7.6% from government
sources (other than nuclear weapons sites), 0.2%
from academic users, and the rest (0.2%) was
undefined.
Biological Waste Disposal Sites
Laboratory biological wastes must be rendered
non-infectious (pathogens) or inactivated
(biotoxins) prior to disposal at a landfill or in a
sanitary sewer. Waste must also be de-identified
as infectious/medical waste. This de-
identification includes using processes such as
shredding and grinding to obliterate the
International Biohazard Sign, intact red
biohazard bags, and phrases on waste such as
"Biohazard" or "Medical Waste." Generators of
biological waste may be asked to provide
transporters and site authorities with written
certification for these steps.
-------
10.0
References and Resources
The resources listed in this section were used in preparing this document and/or are recommended for
additional information and guidelines regarding laboratory waste handling and disposal.
General Resources
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2004. Clinical Laboratory Safety; Approved
GuidelineSecond Edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2005. Protection of Laboratory Workers from
Occupationally Acquired Infections; Approved GuidelineThird Edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS.
Fleming, D. O. 2006. Biological Safety, Principles and Practices. 4th Edition. Washington, B.C.:
ASM Press.
International Organization for Standardization. 2003. Medical Laboratories - Requirements for
Safety. ISO 15190:2003.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. May 2000. Environmental Management Guide for Small
Laboratories. EPA 233-B-00-001.
http://www.montclair.edu/facilities/ehs/plans/EP A_BiologicalWaste.pdf (accessed 11/25/09)
Resources for Wastes Containing Chemical Hazards
Armour, M.A. 2003. Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide, 3rd Edition. Boca Raton,
FL: CRC Press.
Keegan, R.J. IV, and R.J. Keegan. 1997. Hazardous Materials, Substances and Wastes
Compliance Guide. Kutztown, PA: Hazardous Materials Publishing Co.
James Lieberman. 1994. A Practical Guide for Hazardous Waste Management, Administration
and Compliance. ISBN: 9781566701150
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. May 2005. Handbook on the Management of Munitions
Response Action. Interim Final. EPA 505 B-01-001. http://epa.gov/fedfac/pdf/mra_hbook_5_05.pdf
(accessed 11/24/09)
Resources for Wastes Containing Radiological Hazards
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Radioactive Waste, (http://www.nrc.gov/waste.html)
(accessed 11/24/09)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. May 2002. Radioactive Waste: Production, Storage,
Disposal, Revision 2. NUREG/BR-0216. http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-
collections/nuregs/brochures/br0216/r2/br0216r2 .pdf (accessed 11/24/09)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Low-Level Waste Disposal, http://www.nrc.gov/waste/llw-
disposal.html (accessed 11/24/09)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. February 2007. Standard Review for Transportation
Packages (NUREG-1609). Supplements 1 and 2. http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-
collections/nuregs/staff/srl609/ (accessed 11/24/09)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NRC Regulatory Guidelines - Transportation (Division
7). http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/reg-guides/transportation/active/ (accessed
11/24/09)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NRC Regulatory Guides - Environmental and Siting
(Division 4). http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/reg-guides/environmental-siting/active/
(accessed 11/24/09)
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Final Rules and Policy Statements.
-------
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NRC Regulatory Guides - General (Division 10).
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/reg-guides/general/active/ (accessed 11/25/09)
Resources for Wastes Containing Biological Hazards
National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Clinical Laboratory Waste
Management; Approved GuidelineSecond Edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS.
http://www.clsi.org/source/orders/free/gp5-a2.pdf (accessed 11/24/09)
Reddish, G. F. (ed.). \915.Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Fungicides, and Chemical and Physical
Sterilization. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger.
Richmond, J.Y., and Nesby-O'dell, S.L. 2002. "Laboratory Security and Emergency Response
Guidance for Laboratories Working with Select Agents. "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
(MMWB). 51(RR-19): 1-8. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5119al.htm
(accessed 11/24/09)
Rutala, W.A., Stiefel, M.M., and Sarubbi, F.A. 1982. "Decontamination of Laboratory
Microbiological Waste by Steam Sterilization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 43(6):
13311-1316.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and
National Institutes of Health. 2007. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
(BMBL), 5th Edition. http://www.cdc.gov/OD/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm (accessed 11/25/09)
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000. Laboratory Waste Disposal Guide.
http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/pdffiles/autoclave 1 .pdf (accessed 11/24/09)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, CDC. 240 FR
76886, December 13, 2002. "Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins; Interim
Final Rule" (42 CFR Parts 73 and 1003).
http://oig.hhs.gov/authorities/docs/SelectAgentsToxinsCMPAuthorityIF.pdf (accessed 11/29/09)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 70 FR 13294, March 18, 2005. "Possession,
Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins; Final Rule." (42 CFR Parts 72 and 73 and 42 CFR
Part 1003). http://oig.hhs.gov/authorities/docs/05/032905FRselectagents.pdf (accessed 10/09/09)
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Health and Safety Administration 29 CFR 1910.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owastand.displav standard group?p toe level=l&p_part number
=1910 (accessed 11/25/09)
U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.
2006. Transporting Infectious Substances Safely. Federal Register: Infectious Substances;
Harmonization with the United Nations Recommendations.
http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Transporting Infectious Substanc
es_brochure.pdf (accessed 11/24/09)
Wannemacher, R.W. 1989. Procedures for Inactivation and Safety Containment of Toxins.
Proceedings Symposium on Agents of Biological Origin. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army
Research, Development and Engineering Center. 115-122.
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Appendix A
State Regulatory Information Sources for
Disposal of Waste Containing Chemical
Contamination
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
State Web Address - Chemistry
http://www.adem.state.al.us/Reaulations/Divl4/Divl4effectiv
e3-31-09.pdf
http://www.legis. state. ak.us/basis/folioproxv.asp?url=http://w
wwjnuOl.legis.state.ak.us/cgi-
bin/folioisa.dll/aac/auerv=raroup+t! 2E+ 1 8 ! 3 Al/doc/{(a), 1 I/hits
onlv
http://www.azsos.aov/public services/Title 18/18-08.pdf
http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/reas/files/rea23 final 080526.pdf
http://www.dtsc.ca.aov/LawsReasPolicies/Title22/index.cfm
http://www.dtsc.ca.aov/LawsReasPolicies/upload/LEG HSC.
pdf
http : //www .cdphe . state . co .us/hm/index.htm
http://www.ct.aov/dep/cwp/view. asp?a=2704&q=323512&de
pNav GID=1511&depNav=l
http://www.dnrec.delaware.aov/Info/Paaes/Rules.aspx
http://app.doh.dc.aov/services/administration offices/environ
mental/services2/waste/index.shtm
http://app.doh.dc.aov/services/administration offices/environ
mental/services2/waste/pdf/hw reaulations . shtm
http ://www .dep . state .fl .us/waste/quick topics/rules/documents
/62-730.pdf
http://www.aaepd.ora/Documents/rules exist.html
http://hawaii.aov/health/environmental/waste/hw/index.html
http : //www .deq . idaho .aov/inl oversiaht/waste . cfm
http://www.ipcb.state.il.us/SLR/IPCBandIEPAEnvironmental
Regulations-Title35 .asp
http : //www .in . aov/le aislative/ic/code/title 1 3/
http://www.iowadnr.aov/waste/policv/index.html
http://www.kdheks.aov/waste/reasstatutes/hw laws.pdf
State Admin. Code
Location
Division 14
Title 18
Title 18
Regulation 23
Title 22 and HSC
Title 6, 1007-3
22a
-
Title 20
FAC, Chapters 62-730
Chapter 391
HAR11
Title 16
Title 35
Code 329
-
KAR title 28
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State
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
State Web Address - Chemistry
http : //www .waste .kv . gov/branche s/hw/Hazardous+Waste+Re
gulations+with+links.htm
http : //www .deq . louisiana. gov/portal/
http : //www .maine.gov/dep/rwm/hazardouswaste/
http://www.mde.marvland.gov/Programs/LandPrograms/Haza
rdous_Waste/home/index.asp
http://www.mass.gov/dep/recvcle/hazwaste.htm
httrj://www.michigan.gov/dea/0. 1607.7-135-33 12 9280
.00. html
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/waste/waste rulesregs.html
http : //www . deq . state .ms .us/MDEO .nsf/page/Cleanup Hazard
ousWaste ?OpenDocument
http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/hwp/lawsregs.htm
http ://www .dnr.mo .gov/assistance/laws-regulations .htm
http://www.deq.state.ne.us/
http : //ndep .nv . gov/admin/nrs .htm
http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/legal/index.htm
http ://www .state .ni .us/dep/dshw/resource/rules .html#rules
http : //www .nmenv . state .nm .us/hwb/stare g .html
http://www.dec.nv.gov/25 .html
http : //www . enr . state .nc .us/html/rules .html
http : //www .ndhealth . gov/WM/
http://www.epa.ohio. gov/Default.aspx?alias=www.epa.ohio.g
ov/dhwm
www.deq.state.ok.us/
http ://www .deq. state .or.us/regulations/rulesandlaws .htm
http://www.dep web. state .pa.us/landrecwaste/cwp/view.asp?a=
1216&0=442095&landrecwasteNav=|
http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter284/chap284t
oc.html
http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/benviron/waste/index.htm
http : //www . scdhec . gov/environment/lwm/regulatorv .htm
http://denr.sd.gov/des/wm/hw/hwmainpage.aspx
http : //www . state .tn .us/environment/swm/
State Admin. Code
Location
Title 401,
PlinntprQ ^1 ^0
LAC33:V
Chapters 850-857
Title 26
Title 3 10
Rules
9QQ Q101 9QQ 1 1 107
Chapter 7045
Federal
Title 10, 25
Title 17
Title 128
Chapter 444
Env-Wm
Chapters 100-1000
Title 7
Title 20
6NYCRR
Title 15A
NDAC 33-24
Chapter 3745
Title 252
Chapter 340
Title 25
-
R.61-79
74:28
Chapter 1200
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State
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
State Web Address - Chemistry
http : //www .tceq . state .tx.us/nav/permits/hiw .html
http : //www .hazardouswaste .utah . aov/
www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wmd.htm
http : //www .deq . state . va.us/waste/hazardous .html
http://www.ecv.wa.gov/waste.html
http://www.wvdep.org/item.crm?ssid=ll
http : //www .dm . state . wi .us/ora/aw/wm/hazard/
http : //deq . state . wy .us/shwd/
State Admin. Code
Location
335
R315
Chapter 7
9 VAC 20
Chapters 173-303
33CSR20
NR600
Chapter 12
-------
Appendix B
State Regulatory Information Sources for
Disposal of Waste Containing Radioactive
Contamination
State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Alabama
Department of Environmental Management
1400 Coliseum Blvd.
P.O. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130
http://www.adem.state.al.us/
Office of Radiation Control
Alabama Department of Public Health
The RSA Tower, Suite 700
P.O. Box 303017
Montgomery, AL 36130-3017
Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Air Quality
Radiation Monitoring Project
610 University Avenue
Fairbanks, AK 99709-3643
http: //www. state. ak .us/
Radiological Health Program
Section of State Laboratories
Department of Health and Social Services
State of Alaska
4500 Boniface Parkway
Anchorage, AK 99507-1270
American
Samoa
Environmental Quality Commission
Government of American Samoa
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
http://asepa.gov/hazardous-materials.asp
Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality
Waste Programs Division
3033 North Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85012
http://www.azdeq.gOv/environ/waste/hazwaste/i
ndex.html
Radiation Regulatory Agency
4814 South 40th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85040
Arkansas
Department of Environmental Quality
Hazardous Waste Division
8001 National Drive, P.O. Box 9583 (use Zip
code 72219-8913 for P.O. Box only)
Little Rock, AR 72209
http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/regs/default.htm
Department of Health
Division of Radiation Control and
Emergency Management
4815 West Markham Street, Slot 30
Little Rock, AR 72205-3 8
California
Radiologic Health Branch
Division of Food, Drugs, and Radiation Safety
California Department of Health Services
P.O. Box 942732
Sacramento, CA 94234-7320
Department of Health Services
714 P Street, #1492
Sacramento, CA 95814
State Water Resources Control Board and
Integrated Waste Management Board
10011 Street
Sacramento, CA 95 814
http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/ or
http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/
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State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Colorado
Department of Health,
Radiation Control Division (RCD-DO-B1)
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80220-1530
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/rad/radregs.htm
Commonwealth
of Northern
Mariana Islands
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Division of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1304, 3rd Floor, Morgens Building
San Jose, Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950
http://www.deq.gov.mp/article.aspx?secID=ll&artID=30
Connecticut
Division of Radiation
Department of Environmental Protection
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106-5127
http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2713&q=324812&depNav GID=1639
Delaware
Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Control
Solid Waste Management Branch
89 Kings Highway
Dover, DE 19901
Division of Public Health
Office of Radiation Control
P.O. Box 637
Dover, DE 19903
http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC200
0/Divisions/AWM/hw/index.htm
District of
Columbia
Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste
Management Officials
Suite 345, Hall of the States
444 North Capitol Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
Bureau of Food, Drugs and Radiation Protection,
Department of Health
614 H Streets, N.W., Room 1016
Washington, DC 20001
Department of Consumer and Regulatory
Affairs Pesticides and Hazardous Waste
Materials Division
614 H Street, NW, Room 505
Washington, DC 20001
http: //dcra. dc .gov/dcra/site/default. asp
Florida
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Waste Management
Twin Towers Office Building
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, FL 32399
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/default.htm
Department of Health
Bureau of Radiation Control, State Health
Office
4052 Bald Cypress Way
Tallahassee, FL 32399
http://www.doh.state.fl.us/environment/ra
diation/index.html
Georgia
Environmental Protection Land Protection
Branch
Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management
Program
Floyd Towers East
205 Butler Street, SE
Atlanta, GA 30334
Radioactive Materials Program
Department of Natural Resources
4244 International Parkway, Suite 114
Atlanta, GA 30354
http: //www. gainsurance. org/Other/Rules .a
spx?URL=http://rules. sos. state.ga.us/cgi-
bin/page.cgi?g=GEORGIA DEPARTME
NT OF NATURAL RESOURCES/ENV
IRONMENTAL PROTECTION/index.ht
ml
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State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Hawaii
Department of Health
Environmental Health Division
Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch
P.O. Box 3378
Honolulu, HI 96801
Radiation Section
Noise, Radiation and Indoor Air Quality
Branch
Department of Health
591 Ala Moana Boulevard
Honolulu, HI 96813-4921
http: //www .hawaii. gov/health/environmen
tal/
Idaho
DEQ, Waste Management & Remediation
DEQ State Office
1410 N.Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
http://www.deq.state.id.us/
INEEL Oversight Program
900 N. Skyline, Suite C
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of
Land
1021 North Grand Avenue East
Springfield, IL 62702
http://www.epa.state.il.us/land/index.html
Department of Nuclear Safety
1035 Outer Park Drive
Springfield, IL 62704
http: //www. state. il .us/idns/
Indiana
Department of Environmental Management
Indian Government Center North
100 N. Senate / P.O. Box 6015
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015
http://www.in.gov/idem/
Indoor & Radiologic Health Division
State Department of Health
2 N. Meridian Street
Indianapolis, IN 46204-3003
Iowa
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
900 East Grand Avenue, Henry A. Wallace
Building
DesMoines, IA50319
Bureau of Radiological Health
Iowa Department of Public Health
Lucas State Office Building
Des Moines, IA 50319-6075
http://www.idph.state.ia.us/eh/radiologica
1 health.asp
Kansas
Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Waste Management
Forbes Field, Building 740
Topeka, KS 66620
http ://www.kdheks. gov/waste/
Radiation Control Program
Kansas Department of Health &
Environment
Bureau of Air & Radiation
Forbes Field, Building 283
Topeka, KS 66620-0001
http: //www .kdheks. gov/bar/
Kentucky
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Waste Management
Cabinet for Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection
14 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601
www.nr.state.ky.us/nrepc/dep/waste/dwmhome.
htm
Radiation & Toxic Agents Control
Branch, Cabinet for Health Services
275 East Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40621-0001
-------
State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Louisiana
Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste Division
Department Of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178
525 North 4th Street
Baton Rouge, LA 70884-0259
Radiation Protection Division
Office of Air Quality & Radiation
Protection
Department of Environmental Quality
7290 Bluebonnet Road, P.O. Box 82135
Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2135
Maine
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Oil and Hazardous Materials Control
State House Station #17
Augusta, ME 04333
http: //www .maine. gov/dep/index. shtml
Radiation Control Program
Division of Health Engineering
10 State House Station
Augusta, ME 04333
Maryland
Radiological Health Program
Air and Radiation Management Administration
Maryland Department of the Environment
2500 Broening Highway
Baltimore, MD 21224
http://www.mde.state.md.us/Programs/AirPrograms/Radiological Health/index.asp
Massachusetts
Department of Environmental Quality
Engineering Division of Solid and Hazardous
Waste
One Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
www.state .ma.us/dep
Radiation Control Program
Department of Public Health
174 Portland Street, 5th Floor
Boston, MA 02114
Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality
Waste Management Division
P.O. Box 30241
Lansing, Michigan 48909
http://www.michigan.gov/deq
Radiological Protection Section
Drinking Water & Radiological
Protection Division
Michigan Department of Environmental
Quality
3423 N. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Boulevard
P.O. Box 30630
Lansing, MI 48909-8130
Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency
Solid and Hazardous Waste Division
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/waste/index.html
Indoor Air Lead and Radiation Division
of Environmental Health
Department of Health
121 E. Seventh Place, Suite 220
P.O. Box 64975
St. Paul, MN 55164-0975
Mississippi
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Pollution Control Hazardous Waste
P.O. Box 10385
Jackson, MS 39289
http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/Mai
n Home?OpenDocument
Division of Radiological Health
State Department of Health
3150 Lawson Street, P.O. Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39215-1700
http://www.msdh.state.ms.us/index.htm
-------
State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Missouri
Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Environmental Quality, Solid Waste
Management Program
205 Jefferson Street, P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/index.html
Section for Environmental Public Health
Division of Environmental Health &
Communicable Disease Prevention
P.O. Box 570
Jefferson City, MO 65102-0570
Montana
Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau
Cogswell Building
Helena, MT 59620
http://www.deq .state.mt.us
Radiological Health Program
Department of Public Health & Human
Services
P.O. Box 202951
Helena, MT 5 9620-2951
Nebraska
Department of Environmental Quality
Air & Waste Management Division
1200 N Street, Suite 400, P.O. Box 98922
Lincoln, NE 68509
http://www.deq.state.ne.us/
Department of Regulation and Licensure,
Nebraska Health and Human Services
System
P.O. Box 95007
Lincoln, NE 68590-5007
Nevada
Department of Conservation and Natural
Resources, Division of Environmental
Protection
Bureau of Waste Management
123 WestNye Lane, Room 120
Carson City, NV 89706-0851
http://water.nv.gov/
Nevada State Health Division
Radiological Health Section
4150 Technology Drive, Room 300
Carson City, Nevada 89706
New Hampshire
Department of Environmental Services
Office of Waste Management
6 Hazen Drive
Concord, NH 03301
http://www.des.state.nh.us/waste intro.htm
Radiological Health Bureau
Division of Public Health Services
Health & Welfare Building
6 Hazen Drive
Concord, NH 03301-6527
New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Solid & Hazardous Waste
401 E. State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625
http://www.state.nj .us/dep/dshw/
Department of Environmental Protection
Radiation Protection Programs
25 Arctic Parkway, PO 415
Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0415
http://www.state.nj.us/dep/rpp/index.htm
New Mexico
Environment Department
Ground Water Quality Bureau
Harold Runnels Building
1190 St. Francis Drive
Santa Fe,NM 87502-0110
http: //www .nmenv. state .nm .us/nmrcb/home .htm
Bureau of Hazardous & Radioactive
Materials, Water and Waste Management
Division
Department of Environment
2044 Galisteo Road
Santa Fe, NM 87502
http: //www .nmenv. state .nm .us/hwb/
-------
State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
New York
Division of Solid and Hazardous Materials
625 Broadway, F1.9
Albany, New York 12233-7250
http://www.dec.ny.gov/
Radiological Health Unit
Division of Safety and Health,
New York State Department of Labor
New York State Office Campus
Building 12, Room 134A
Albany, NY 12240
Bureau of Environmental Radiation
Protection
New York State Department of Health
Two University Place
Albany, NY 12203
Bureau of Radiological Health
New York City Department of Health
Two Lafayette Street, 11th Floor
New York, NY 10007
http: //www .ny c. gov/html/doh/html/radioh
/radioh.shtml
North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources
Division of Waste Management
1601 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27669-1601
Division of Radiation Protection
Department of Environment & Natural
Resources
3 825 Barrett Drive
Raleigh, NC 27609-7221
http: //www .ncradiation .net/
North Dakota
Department of Health
Division of Waste Management
1200 Missouri Avenue, Room 302
P.O. Box 5520
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
http://www.health.state.nd.us/wm/
Division of Environmental Engineering
North Dakota Department of Health
1200 Missouri Avenue, Room 304
P.O. Box 5520
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
http://www.health.state.nd.us/aq/
Ohio
Ohio EPA
Division of Hazardous Waste Management
122 South Front Street
P.O. Box 1049 (use zip code 43216-1049 for
P.O. Box only)
Columbus, OH 43215
http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dhwm/index.html
Bureau of Radiation Protection
Ohio Department of Health
35 East Chestnut Street
Columbus, OH 43266
Oklahoma
Oklahoma State Department of Health, Waste
Management Service
1000NE 10th Street
Oklahoma City, OK 73117
http://www.health.state.ok.us/
Radiation Management Section
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality
Waste Prevention & Management
811 SW Sixth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/hw/index.htm
Radiation Protection Services
Oregon State Health Division
800 N.E. Oregon Street, Suite 260
Portland, OR 97232
http://oregon.gov/DHS/ph/rps/index.shtml
Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Land Recycling and Waste
Management
P.O. Box 8471
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8471
http: //www .depweb. state .pa.us/landrecwaste/site
/default.asp
Bureau of Radiation Protection
Department of Environmental Protection
Rachel Carson State Office Building
P.O. Box 8469
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8469
-------
State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Puerto Rico
Environmental Quality Board
P.O. Box 11488
Santurce, Puerto Rico 0010
Radiological Health Division
G.P.O. Call Box 70184
Rio Piedras, PR 00936
Rhode Island
Department of Environmental Management
Office of Waste Management
235 Promenade Street
Providence, RI 02908-5767
http://www.health.state.ri.us/
Division of Occupational & Radiological
Health Department of Health
3 Capitol Hill, Room 206
Providence, RI 02908-5097
South Carolina
Division of Waste Management
Department of Health and Environmental
Control
J. Marion Sims Building
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
http://www.scdhec.net/eqc/lwm/html/radio.html
Division of Radioactive Waste
Management
Bureau of Land and Waste Management
Department of Health & Environmental
Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
http: //www. scdhec .net/health/
South Dakota
Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Waste Management Program
Foss Building
523 East Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501
http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/WasteMgn/WMPpage 1 .htm
Tennessee
Department of Environment and Conservation
Division of Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
5th Floor, L &C Tower
401 Church Street
Nashville, TN 37243-1535
http: //www. state .tn .us/environment/#
Division of Radiological Health
Tennessee Department of Environment
and Conservation
L&C Annex, Third Floor
401 Church Street
Nashville, TN 37243-1532
Texas
Bureau of Radiation Control
Bureau of Environmental Health
Texas Department of Health
1100 West 49th Street
Austin, TX 78756-3189
http://www.tceq.state .tx.us/
Natural Resources Conservation
Commission Industrial & Hazardous
Waste Division
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711
Utah
Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste
Department of Environmental Quality
288 North 1460 West, P.O. Box 144880
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4880
http: //www .hazardouswaste .utah. gov/
Division of Radiation Control
Department of Environmental Quality
168 North 1950 West
P.O. Box 144850
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4850
http: //www .radiationcontrol .utah. gov/
Vermont
Department of Environmental Conservation
Waste Management Division
103 South Main Street, West Building
Waterbury, VT 05671-0401
Division of Occupational & Radiological
Health Department of Health
108 Cherry Street, P.O. Box 70
Burlington, VT 05402
http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wmd.htm
-------
State
State Addresses & Web Site URLs (if available)
Department of Planning and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
Virgin Islands Government of the Virgin Islands
396-1 Annas Retreat-Foster Building
Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Island 00802
Virginia
Department of Environmental Quality
Waste Management
629 East Main Street
Richmond, VA 23219
http://www.deq.state.va.us/waste/
Radiological Health Programs
Division of Health Hazards Control
Department of Health
Main Street Station
1500 East Main, Room 240
Richmond, VA 23219
Washington
Department of Ecology
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Division
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia, WA 98504
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/
Division of Radiation Protection
Department of Health
Building #5, P.O. Box 47827
7171 Clean Water Lane
Olympia, WA 98504-7827
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/rp/Default.ht
m
West Virginia
West Virginia Division of Natural Resources
State Capitol Complex, Bldg. 3
1900 Kanawha Blvd.
Charleston, WV 25305-0060
http: //www. wv. gov/offsite. aspx?u=http: //www.
wvdhhr. org/rtia/
Radiological Health Program
815 Quarrier Street
Charleston, WV 25301
Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources
Waste Management Program
101 South Webster Street
Madison, WI 53703
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/wm/index.ht
m
Radiation Protection Unit
Bureau of Public Health
Department of Health and Family
Services
P.O. Box 309
Madison, WI 53701-0309
Wyoming
Solid & Hazardous Waste Division
Department of Environmental Quality
122 West 25th Street
Herschler Building, 4W
Cheyenne, WY 82002
http://deq.state .wv.us/shwd/index.asp?pageid=4
-------
Appendix C
State Regulatory Information Sources Disposal
of Waste Containing Biological Contamination
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Web Address
http://www.adem.state.al.us/Regulations/Divl3/Divl3Effect
ive5-26-09.pdf
https : //www . dec . state .ak .us/water/npde s/Final Application
2008/03 08 18AAC60.pdf
http://www.azsos.gov/public services/Title 18/18-13.htm
http://www.healthvarkansas.com/rules regs/060 Imedwaster
eg.pdf
http://www.healthvarkansas.com/rules regs/medical waste.
rjdf
http : //www . cdph .ca. gov/certlic/medicalwaste/Pages/default.
aspx
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/infects.pdf
http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view. asp?a=2718&q=325338&d
epNav GID=1646
http : //regulations .delaware .gov/AdminCode/title7/ 1000/130
0/1302/index.shtml
http : //www .doh . state . fl .us/environment/communitv/biomedi
cal/pdfs/64E 16.pdf
http : //www .doh . state . fl .us/environment/communitv/biomedi
cal/index.html
http://rules.sos. state. ga.us/docs/39 1/3/4/15. pdf
http : //www .hawaii . gov/health/environmental/waste/sw/pdf/ 1
l-581.pdf
http://www.deq. idaho.gov/ieg/waste/medical_pharm.cfm
http://www.deq.idaho.gov/water/prog issues/surface water/
pharmaceuticals/index.cfm
http://www.epa.state.il.us/land/waste-mgmt/potentiallv-
infectious-medical -waste .html
http : //www .in . gov/le gislative/ic/code/title 1 6/ar4 1/ch 1 6 .html
Administrative Code /
Document
1975, งง 22-27-1 to 7 and
Chapter 335- 13-7
Title 1 8 AAC 60.030
Title 18, Chapter 13, Supp. 03-
2, Article 14, Sections R18-
13-1401-R18-13-1420
Act 96 or 1913, Act 41 of
1992, Act 491 of 1993, Act
861 of 1993, Act 150 of 1999
Division 104 Part 14 Sections
117600-118360 of California
Health and Safety Code
Title 25 Article 15 Part 4, 6
CCR 1007-2 Section 13
Biomedical Waste Frequently
Asked Questions
Sections 22a-208a-l, 22a-209-
15, Sections 22a-208a-l, 22a-
209-15, and 22a-449(c)- 11
22a-449(c)-ll
Section 1 1 Part 1 Special
Waste Management
Chapter 64E- 16
391-3-4, Rule 15
11-58.1-52
None
35 Illinois Admin. Code:
Subtitle M, and 1420. 102
IC-16-41-16
-------
State
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New
Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Web Address
http://www.iowadnr.com/waste/policv/files/ndl.pdf
http : //www .kdheks . aov/environment/servauid .html
http://www.waste.kv.aov/branches/rla/Medical+Waste.htm
http : //www .deq . louisiana. gov/portal/Default. aspx?tabid=264
http://www.epa.aov/osw/laws-reas/state/stats/safrn/me.htm
http://cha.marvland.aov/oeh/html/medical waste. cfm
http://www.mass.aov/dep/recvcle/hazardous/infwaste.htm
httrj://www.michiaan.aov/dea/0. 1607.7-135-33 12 4119
.00. html
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-whm-hwrp-
mwRegAct-Rules.pdf
https://www.revisor.mn.aov/statutes/?topic=520256
http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEO.nsf/pdf/SW MedicalWa
steFactSheet/$File/MedWasteFactSheet.pdf?OpenElement
http://cms.h2e-online.ora/ee/rmw/rmw-reaulations/state-
rmw-regulations/missouri/
http://cms.h2e-online.ora/ee/rmw/rmw-reaulations/state-
rmw-regulations/montana/
http://www.deq.state.ne.us/ (type "medical waste" in
webpage search engine)
http://cms.h2e-online.ora/ee/rmw/rmw-reaulations/state-
rmw-regulations/nebraska/
http : //ndep .nv . gov/bwm/special .htm
http://des.nh.aov/oraanization/commissioner/leaal/rules/inde
x.htm
http : //www .nj . aov/dep/dshw/rrtp/rmw .htm
http://www.ni.aov/dep/dshw/resource/rules.html
http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/NMED reas/swb/20nmac9
Lhtml
http://www.health.state.nv.us/facilities/waste/
http://www.wastenotnc.ora/SWHOME/Rules/SWStatutes R
ulesAua2008/Section. 1200.pdf
http://www.leais.nd.aov/information/acdata/pdf/33-20-
12.pdf
http://www.epa.ohio.aov/dsiwm/paaes/3745 27.aspx
Administrative Code /
Document
33-20-01.1
K.A.R.28-29
None
L.A.C. Title 33 Part VII
Chapter 13 Paragraphs
1350.D.l(a) and 13305. l.l(a)
38 M.RS.A. Sec. 1319-O
06-096 C.M.R 900
COMAR 26.04.07
State Sanitary Code Title VIII,
105 CMR 4800.00 and 3 10
CMR 19.000
MWRA Part 138 Sec.
333.13801-333.13831
Minnesota Statutes Sec.
116.76-116.82
Medical Waste Fact Sheet; no
applicable state regulations
10 CSR 807.010
Title 75, Chapter 10, Part 1002
Title 132, Chapter 1 and
Chapter 13
N.A.C. 444.646 and 444.662
NHCAR Part Env-Sw 904
N.J.A.C. 7:26
20 NMAC 9.1.706 Paragraph
F
Title 10NYCRRPart70
15ANCAC 13B Section 1200
Title 33, Article 20, Chapter
12 (33-20-12) and 23-29-03.5
NDCC
OAC Chapter 3745. 27
-------
State
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Web Address
http://cms.h2e-online.org/ee/rmw/rmw-regulations/state-
rmw-regulations/oklahoma
http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/infectiouswaste/index.htm
http : //Oregon . gov/DHS/ph/acd/infectwaste/infectw . shtml
http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/landrecwaste/cwp/view.asp?
a=1238&0=463634&landrecwasteNav=l
http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter284/chap28
4toc.html
http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/regs/regs/waste/medwaste.pdf
http://www.scdhec.net/eqc/lwm/regs/R6 1- 105 .pdf
http://legis.state.sd.us/rules/rules/74/35/7435.doc
http://www.state.tn.us/sos/rules/1200/1200-01/1200-01-
07.pdf
http : //www .tenne ssee . gov/environment/swm/pdf/S WPolicv
Manual.pdf
http : //www .tceq . state .tx.us/nav/permits/mw .html
http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/legal/rules/rules/pd
flib/330v.pdf
http://www.hazardouswaste.utah.gov/SWBranch/SWSection
/Adobe/SolidWaste
/2006 Infectious Waste Management Guidance.pdf
http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/code/r3 15/r3 15-3 16.htm
http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/wastediv/solid/pubs/MedWas
te.pdf
http ://www .deq. Virginia, gov/waste/wastereg 1 20 .html
http://www.deq.state.va.us/waste/pdf/wstregs/medwaste.pdf
http : //www . ecv . wa. gov/programs/hwtr/pharmaceuticals/pag
es/faqs.html
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx? cite=70.95K
http : //www . wvdhhr . org/wvimw/index. asp
http://www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/code/nr/nr526.pdf
http : //www .dm . state . wi .us/org/aw/wm/medinf/
http://deq.state.wv.us/out/downloads/medwast.htm
Administrative Code /
Document
Title 252.5 15
Oregon Law 1989, Chapter
763 and ORS 459
Title 25 PAC 284
DEM-DAH-MW-01-92
R61-1-5
S.C. Code Ann. 44-93-10
Article 74:35
Chapter 1200-1 -7-, 04,
Paragraph (1) (k) 4
Title 30, Chapter 330,
Subchapter Y, Parts 330.1201-
330.1221
Title R3 15 -3 16
10 VSA 6602
Title 9 VAC 20-120
RCW Chapter 70.95K
Code of State Rules, Title 64-
56
WAC 526
WS 35-11-101, 102, 109, and
501
-------
Appendix D
Storage and Disposal Information (for Chemical Analytes
Listed in SAM, Revision 5)
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Acephate
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Acrylamide
[Aery/ 'amide]
Acrylonitrile
[Acrylonitrile,
stabilized]
Aldicarb (Temik)
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Aldicarb sulfone
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Aldicarb sulfoxide
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
CASRN
30560-19-1
79-06-1
107-13-1
116-06-3
1646-88-4
1646-87-3
UN ID1
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 3426
(iiq)
UN 2074
(solid)
UN 1093
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Alkaline materials
Acids, oxidizing agents,
and bases.
Spontaneously reacts
with hydroxyl-, amino-,
and sulfhydryl-
containing compounds.
Acids, bases, oxidizing
agents, amines,
bromine
Alkaline materials /
strong bases
Alkaline materials /
strong bases
Alkaline materials /
strong bases
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Dust is combustable; store
away from sunlight, heat,
sparks
Requires stabilization by
the addition of 4-
methoxyphenol
Store in a cool, dry place.
Dust may present
explosion hazard.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Dust may present
explosion hazard.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Dust may present
explosion hazard.
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
5000
100
1
100
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /III
3/I
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
Disposal
Method
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Incineration
Treatment;
Incineration 4
Incineration;
Landfill
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Allyl alcohol
4-Aminopyridine
[Shipping name is
concentration
dependent]
Ammonium
metavanadate
(analyze as total
vanadium)
Arsenic, Total
Arsenic trioxide
(analyze for total
arsenic)
CASRN
107-18-6
504-24-5
7664-41-7
7803-55-6
7440-38-2
1327-53-3
UN ID1
UN 1098
UN 2671
UN 2672 (if
greater
than 10%
ammonia
by volume)
UN 2859
UN 1558
UN 1561
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Strong oxidizing
agents, strong acids,
oleum, diallyl
phosphite, metal
halides, sodium
hydroxide,
tetrachloromethane, tri-
N-bromoaniline,
sodium, potassium,
magnesium, aluminum.
Polymerizes during
prolonged storage.
Strong oxidizers, acids,
chlorides, anhydrides
Mercury, chlorine,
calcium hypochlorite,
hydrofluoric acid
(anhydrous), bromine
pentafluoride, chlorine
trifluoride,
chloroformates, strong
acids, strong oxidizing
agents, brass, zinc,
aluminum, copper,
bronze, most common
metals and dimethyl
sulfate
Strong oxidizers, acids
Oxidizing agents, acids,
moisture
Acids, Al, Cl, trifluoride,
fluoride, oxygen
disulfide, Hg, Zn
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Avoid dust generation,
ignition hazard
Store in high density
polyethylene (HOPE)
containers when possible
Avoid dust generation,
ignition hazard
Good laboratory practices 6
Reacts with metals in the
presents of moisture
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
flKcl2
t|OS>J
100
Not Listed 2
100
Not Listed 2
1
1
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
3,6.1 /I
6.1 /ll
2.2, 2.3 or 8
/I
6.1 /ll
6.1 /ll
6.1 /ll
Disposal
Method
Incineration
Incineration
Recycle
standards to
vendor; Landfill
standards and
samples
Incineration
Landfill
Landfill
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Arsine
Asbestos
Boron trifluoride
[Boron trifluoride]
Brodifacoum
[Coumarin derivative
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Bromadiolone
[Coumarin derivative
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
BZ [Quinuclidinyl
benzilate]
Calcium arsenate
(analyze as total
arsenic)
Carbofuran (Furadan)
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Carfentanil
CASRN
7784-42-1
1332-21-4
7637-07-2
56073-10-0
28772-56-7
6581-06-2
7778-44-1
1563-66-2
59708-52-0
UN ID1
UN 2188
NA2212
UN 1008
UN 3023
(iiq)
UN 3026
(solid)
UN 3023
(iiq)
UN 3026
(solid)
Information
limited 5
UN 1573
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
Information
limited 5
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Heat, acid, oxidizers
None
Water, bases, alkaline
metals, brass,
aluminum
None known.
Apply good laboratory
practices. 6
Alkaline materials
Information limited 5
Acids
Heat, fire
Information limited 5
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Store in stainless steel or
Teflonฎ (PTFE) cylinders.
Treatment of small
amounts (<100 ml_) of
laboratory standards by
absorption with KMNO4
solution is possible.
Good laboratory practices 6
Avoid moisture as it will
form hydrofluoric acid;
store in stainless steel or
Teflonฎ (PTFE) cylinders
Good laboratory practices 6
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Information limited 5
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Information Limited 5
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
1
1
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
1
Not Listed 2
1
10
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
2.3
9/III
2.3
9/III
6.1 /ll
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /ll
6.1 /I
Information
Limited 5
Disposal
Method
Treatment of
standards with
KMNO4and
landfill;
Incineration of
standards and
samples
Landfill
Recycle
standards to
vendor; Store
samples
Incineration
Landfill
Military 5
Landfill
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Carbon disulfide
Chlorfenvinphos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Chlorine
2-Chloroethanol
3-Chloro-1,2-
propanediol
CASRN
75-15-0
470-90-6
7782-50-5
107-07-3
96-24-2
UN ID1
UN 1131
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 1017
UN 1135
UN 2689
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Strong oxidizers,
chemically-active
materials (such as
sodium, potassium, and
zinc), azides, halogens,
and organic amines
Metal and high density
polyethylene (HOPE)
containers
Water, bases, alkaline
metals, brass,
aluminum,
combustibles, reducing
agents
Fire or ignition sources
Strong oxidizing agents
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Iron, steel, porcelain, or
glass containers should be
used for storage
Store in glass containers
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Do not store in direct
sunlight; keep container
closed when not in use;
store in a cool, dry, well-
ventilated area away from
incompatible substances;
keep containers tightly
closed
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
flKcl2
t|OS>J
100
Not Listed 2
10
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
3/I
6.1 /I, II, III
2.3
6.1 /III
6.1 /III
Disposal
Method
Recycle
standards to
vendor; Store
samples
Landfill
Incineration
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Chloropicrin
Chlorosarin
Chlorosoman
2-Chlorovinylarsonous
acid (2-CVAA)
(degradation product
of Lewisite)
Chlorpyrifos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Chlorpyrifos oxon
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Crimidine
CASRN
76-06-2
1445-76-7
7040-57-5
85090-33-1
2921-88-2
5598-15-2
535-89-7
UN ID1
UN 1580
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 2588
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Bulk containers are
shock sensitive and
can detonate,
especially when heat is
available for initiation;
photodegradation
producing phosgene is
possible; strong
oxidizers, organic
acids, reducing agents,
sulfuric acid, aluminum,
magnesium or
magnesium alloys,
aniline, sodium
methoxide
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Strong oxidizers, heat
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Strong acids
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Store in a cool, dry, well-
ventilated area away from
incompatible materials,
direct sunlight and heat
and/or sparks
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Store in a cool, dry, well-
ventilated area away from
incompatible materials,
direct sunlight and heat
and/or sparks
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Good laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /I
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
Information
Limited 5
Disposal
Method
Landfill
Military 5
Military 5
Military 5
Recycle;
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Cyanide, Amenable to
chlorination
[Cyanide solutions,
n.o.s or Cyanide
inorganic solid, n.o.s]
Cyanide, Total
[Cyanide solutions,
n.o.s. or Cyanides,
inorganic, solid, n.o.s.]
Cyanogen chloride
Cyclohexyl sarin (GF)
1 9-
I ,^.
D i c h I o ro et h a n e[Ethyle
ne dichloride]
Dichlorvos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
CASRN
NA
57-12-5
506-77-4
329-99-7
107-06-2
62-73-7
UN ID1
UN 1935
UN 1588
WIN I \J\J\J
( cr\\ |H A
1 oUI IU I
UN 1935
(iiq)
UN 1588
(solid)
UN 1589
Information
limited 5
UN 1184
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Ignition sources, acids
Ignition sources, acids
Water, acids, alkalis,
ammonia, alcohols
Water, bleach products
Liquid ammonia,
dimethylamino-
propylamine, nitrogen
tetroxide, metal
powders, organic
peroxides reducing
agents, and alkali and
alkali earth metals;
mixtures with nitric acid
are easily detonated by
heat, impact, or friction;
mixtures with
mercaptans form
thioethers and generate
heat; mixtures with
nitrides generate heat
and ammonia forming
toxic fumes
Strong acids, strong
alkalis
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Moderately stable in
stainless steel containers
Small quantities can be
stored in brown bottles or
opaque containers due to
solvent's light sensitivity;
electrically ground metal
containers for liquid
transfers to prevent static
sparks
Material should be stored in
glass containers
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)
10
10
10
Not Listed 2
100
10
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
2.3
Information
Limited 5
3/II
6.1 /I, II, III
Disposal
Method
Incineration
Incineration
Military 5
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Incineration
standards and
samples
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Incineration
standards and
samples
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Dicrotophos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Diesel Range
Organics
Diisopropyl
methylphosphonate
(DIMP)
Dimethylphosphite
[Organophosphorus
compound liquid/solid,
toxic]
Dimethylphosphorami
die acid
[Organophosphorus
compound liquid/solid,
toxic]
Diphacinone
[Coumarin derivative
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Disulfoton
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Disulfoton sulfoxide
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
1,4-Dithiane
CASRN
141-66-2
NA
1445-75-6
868-85-9
33876-51-6
82-66-6
298-04-4
2497-07-6
505-29-3
UN ID1
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 1202
Information
limited 5
UN 3278
(iiq)
UN 3464
(solid)
UN 3278
(iiq)
UN 3464
(solid)
UN 3023
(iiq)
UN 3026
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
Information
limited 5
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Corrosive to cast iron,
mild steel, brass, and
stainless steel
Ignition sources, acids
Information limited 5
Heat sources
Information limited 5
Alkalis
Strong acids, bases,
and alkaline conditions
Strong acids, bases,
and alkaline conditions
Strong oxidizers
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Information Limited 5
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
1
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /I, II, III
3/III
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /ll
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
Information
Limited 5
Disposal
Method
Incineration
Incineration
Military 5
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Military 5
Military 5
Incineration
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Military 5
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
EA2192
[Diisopropylaminoethy
I
methylthiolophosphon
ate] (hydrolysis
product of VX)
Ethyl
methylphosphonic
acid (EMPA)
(degradation product
of
VX)[Organophosphor
us compound
liquid/solid, toxic]
Ethyldichloroarsine
(ED)
N-
Ethyldiethanolamine
(EDEA) (degradation
product of HN-1)
Ethylene oxide
CASRN
73207-98-4
1832-53-7
598-14-1
139-87-7
75-21-8
UN ID1
Information
limited 5
UN 3978
\J I N \Jฃ- 1 (J
(liq)UN
3464 (solid)
UN 1892
Information
limited 5
VARIOUS
depending
on
concentrati
on
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Strong oxidizing
agents, strong acids,
water, brass
Information limited 5
Water, bases, oxidizing
metals, acids, alcohols,
alkali metals, ammonia,
chemically active
metals and their salts.
Highly flammable.
Forms explosive
mixtures with air which
may be ignited by rapid
compression
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Should be stored in glass
or steel containers
Information limited 5
Store in distant outdoor
tank or container protected
from direct sunlight, lined
with insulating material,
equipped with an adequate
refrigeration and water
system. Indoor storage
should be restricted to
small quantities. Place in a
fireproof, combustible liquid
cabinet that conforms to
regulations.
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
flKcl2
t|OS>J
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I
Information
Limited 5
2.2,2.3,6.1
Disposal
Method
Military 5
Military 5
Incineration;
Landfill at low
concentrations
Military 5
Incineration;
Landfill at low
concentrations
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Fenamiphos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Fentanyl
Fluoride
Fluoroacetamide
Fluoroacetic acid and
fluoroacetate salts
(analyze for
fluoroacetate ion)
[Fluoroacetic acid]
2-Fluoroethanol
Formaldehyde
[Shipping name is
concentration
dependent]
Gasoline Range
Organics
CASRN
22224-92-6
437-38-7
16984-48-8
640-19-7
NA
371-62-0
50-00-0
NA
UN ID1
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
Information
limited 5
UN 1690
Information
limited 5
UN 2642
Information
limited 5
VARIOUS
depending
on
concentrati
on
Information
limited 5
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Hydrolyzed by strong
acids and alkalis
None known.
Apply good laboratory
practices. 6
Mineral acids, glass
Acids
Mineral acids
Strong oxidizing and
reducing agents, acids,
acid chlorides, acid
anhydrides,
phosphorus halides
Amines, caustics, alkali
and alkaline earth
metals, nitrides, organic
peroxides, oxidizing
agents, reducing
agents
None known. Apply
good laboratory
practices. 6
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Effluent from fire
suppression should be
contained
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
May require refrigeration
Room temperature
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
10
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
100
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /ll
9/III
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I
3, 8 /III
2.3
Disposal
Method
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Incineration
Incineration
Recycle
standards to
vendor; Landfill
standards and
samples
Incineration;
Landfill
Incineration;
Landfill
Incineration;
Landfill at low
concentrations
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Hexahydro-1,3,5-
trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
(RDX)
Hexamethylenetri-
peroxidediamine
(HMTD)
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
CASRN
121-82-4
283-66-9
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
UN ID1
UN 0483
Shipping
Forbidden
UN 1048
UN 1050
UN 1956
UN 1052
UN 1053
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Shock & detonators,
oxidizing materials, &
combustibles
None known.
Apply good laboratory
practices. 6
Moisture, bases,
metals, ammonia,
oxidizers, fluoride
Alkalis, most metals.
Avoid contact with
water.
Bases such as
caustics, amines
Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with
glass, alkali metals,
light metals, alkaline
earth metals
Strong oxidizers, strong
nitric acid, metals
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Explosion-proof containers
Store in designated
segregated laboratory unit
Good laboratory practices 6
Well-ventilated area
Can become instable over
time. Treatment of small
amounts (standards and
samples <100 ml_) with
NaOH and hypochlorite
solution is possible.
Good laboratory practices.
6 Small amounts may be
treated with water and
CaCO3
Be aware of any signs of
dizziness or fatigue;
exposures to fatal
concentrations of hydrogen
sulfide could occur without
significant warning
symptoms
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
5000
10
100
100
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
1.1
Information
Limited 5
2.3
2.3
6.1 /I
8/I
2.3
Disposal
Method
Enzyme
biodegradation
and/or Landfill
Storage
Incineration
Incineration
Treatment;
Incineration 4
Treatment;
Incineration 4
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Isopropyl
methylphosphonic
acid (IMPA)
(degradation product
ofGB)
[Organophosphorus
compound liquid/solid,
toxic]
Kerosene
Lead arsenate
(analyze as total
arsenic)
Lewisite 1 (L-1)
(2-
chlorovinyldichloroarsi
ne)
Lewisite 2 (L-2) [bis(2-
chlorovinyljchloroarsin
e]
Lewisite 3 (L-3)
[tris(2-
chlorovinyl)arsine]
Lewisite oxide
CASRN
1832-54-8
64742-81-0
7645-25-2
541-25-3
40334-69-8
40334-70-1
1306-02-1
UN ID1
UN 3278
(iiq)
UN 3464
(solid)
UN 1223
UN 1617
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
limited 5
UN 1556
(iiq)
UN
1557(solid)
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Decomposes in water
Oxidizers
Strong bases, strong
acids, and alkaline
conditions
Decomposed by water
and alkalis
Decomposed by water
and alkalis
Decomposed by water
and alkalis
Decomposed by water
and alkalis
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Store in stainless steel
Good laboratory practices 6
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Inactivated by bleaching
powder, sodium
hypochlorite
Inactivated by bleaching
powder, sodium
hypochlorite
Inactivated by bleaching
powder, sodium
hypochlorite
Inactivated by bleaching
powder, sodium
hypochlorite
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
1
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
Information
Limited 5
3/III
6.1 /ll
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I
Disposal
Method
Military 5
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Incineration at
low
concentration
Inactivation
treatment prior
to shipping;
Military 5
Inactivation
treatment prior
to shipping;
Military 5
Inactivation
treatment prior
to shipping;
Military 5
Inactivation
treatment prior
to shipping;
Military 5
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Mercuric chloride
(analyze for total
mercury)
Mercury, Total
Methamidophos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Methomyl
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Methoxyethyl mercuric
acetate (analyze for
total mercury)
[Mercury compounds,
liquid/solid, n.o.s.]
Methyl acrylonitrile
CASRN
7487-94-7
7439-97-6
10265-92-6
16752-77-5
151-38-2
126-98-7
UN ID1
UN 1624
UN 2809
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
UN 2024
f\\n\
inq)
UN 9095
\J 1 N ฃ-\jฃ-\J
/cnlirh
I oUI IU 1
UN 3079
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Nitromethane
Acetylene and
acetylene derivatives,
amines, ammonia, 3-
bromopropyne, boron
diiodophosphide,
methyl azide, sodium
carbide, heated sulfuric
acid,
methylsilane/oxygen
mixtures; nitric
acid/alcohol mixtures,
tetracarbonylnickel/oxy
gen mixtures,
alkyne/silver
perchlorate mixtures,
halogens (i.e., chlorine,
bromine) and strong
oxidizers (i.e., chlorine
dioxide, perchlorates);
copper, aluminum,
rubidium
Alkaline materials
Strong bases
Strong acids
Strong oxidizers, acids
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Store in non-metal
container
Good laboratory practices 6
Optional treatment by
hydrolysis and good
laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
flKcl2
t|OS>J
Not Listed 2
1
100
100
Not Listed 2
1000
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /ll
8/III
6.27 II
6.1 /ll
8/III
3
Disposal
Method
Recycle
standards to
vendor; Landfill
Optional
hydrolysis
treatment and
Incineration
Incineration;
Landfill
Recycle if high
concentration;
Landfill
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Methyl fluoroacetate
(analyze for
fluoroacetate ion)
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl paraoxon
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Methyl parathion
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic, n.o.s.]
Methylamine
[Methyl 'amine,
aqueous solution]
N-
Methyldiethanolamine
(MDEA)
CASRN
453-18-9
60-34-4
624-83-9
950-35-6
298-00-0
74-89-5
105-59-9
UN ID1
Information
limited 5
UN 1244
UN 2480
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 1235
Information
limited 5
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Oxidizing materials,
oxygen, and peroxides
Oxidizing materials,
oxygen, peroxides,
metals
Oxidizers, water
Information limited 5
Oxidizers, water
Acids, oxidizing
materials, chlorine,
hypochlorite,
halogenated
compounds, reactive
organic compounds
and some metals, and
mercury and nitrosating
compounds
Strong oxidizers, acids
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Store in a cool, dry, well-
ventilated area
Fireproof containers
preferred
Store in original container
in a cool, dry area
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
10
10
Not Listed 2
100
100
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I
6.1 /I
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I
2.1
Information
Limited 5
Disposal
Method
Information
Limited 5
Treatment;
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
Incineration for
all
concentrations
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
incineration
samples
Recycle
standards to
vendor;
incineration
samples
Incineration
Military 5
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
1-Methylethyl ester
ethylphosphonofluorid
ic acid (GE)
[Organophosphorus
compound, toxic,
liquid/solid, n.o.s]
Methylphosphonic
acid (MPA)
[Organophosphorus
compound, toxic,
liquid/solid, n.o.s]
Mevinphos
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Mustard, nitrogen
(HN-1)
[bis(2-
chloroethyl)ethylamin
e]
Mustard, nitrogen
(HN-2)
[2,2'-dichloro-N-
methyldiethylamine
N,N-bis(2-
chloroethyl)methylami
ne]
Mustard, nitrogen
(HN-3)
[tris(2-
chloroethyl)amine]
Mustard, sulfur/
Mustard gas (HD)
Nicotine compounds
(analyze as nicotine)
[Nicotine compounds,
liquid/solid, A/OS;
CASRN
1189-87-3
993-13-5
7786-34-7
538-07-8
51-75-2
555-77-1
505-60-2
54-11-5
UN ID1
UN 3278
(iiq)
UN 3464
(solid)
UN 3278
(iiq)
UN 3464
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
UN 3144
(iiq)
UN 1655
(solid)
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Information limited 5
Strong oxidizers, bases
Strong oxidizers
Ferrous alloys
Ferrous alloys
Combustible materials
Oxidizers, acids
Oxidizers, combustibles
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Good laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
/|U0\2
(IDS)
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
100 (as
nicotine
sulfate /
nicotine salts)
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
Information
Limited 5
Information
6.1 /I, II, III
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
6.1 / II, III
Disposal
Method
Military 5
Military 5
In situ disposal
procedure (air
stripping);
Incineration
Military 5
Military 5
Military 5
Military 5
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Octahydro-1, 3,5,7-
tetranitro-1, 3,5,7-
tetrazocine (HMX)
Organophosphate
pesticides, NOS
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Osmium tetroxide
(analyze for total
osmium)
Oxamyl
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Paraquat
[Bipyridilium
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Paraoxon
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Parathion
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Pentaerythritol
tetranitrate (PETN)
Phencyclidine
CASRN
2691-41-0
NA
20816-12-0
23135-22-0
4685-14-7
311-45-5
56-38-2
78-11-5
77-10-1
UN ID1
Information
limited 5
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 2471
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
UN 3016
(iiq)
UN 2781
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
Shipping
forbidden
Information
limited 5
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Oxidizable materials
Strong oxidizers
Oxidizers, 1-
methylimidazole
Alkaline materials
Strong oxidizers,
alkylaryl-sulfonate
wetting agents
Strong oxidizers,
alkalines
Strong oxidizers,
alkalines
Heat
Oxidizers
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Explosive, store in fireproof
container
Good laboratory practices 6
Secondary containment
required
Refrigeration
recommended
Chemical degradation
possible
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Store below 40ฐC
Increased documentation
for tracking contaminated
materials
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
1000
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I
6.1 /I
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Disposal
Method
Military 5
Incineration
Recycle
standards;
Landfill
standards or
samples
Landfill
Incineration;
Landfill
Incineration
Military 5
Incineration
(Tracking
requirements)
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Phenol
Phorate
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Phorate
sulfone/Organopftosp
horus pesticides,
liquid/solid, toxic]
Phorate sulfoxide
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Phosgene
Phosphamidon
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
CASRN
108-95-2
298-02-2
2588-04-7
2588-03-6
75-44-5
13171-21-6
UN ID1
UN 2821
(iiq)
UN 1671
(solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 3018
(Iiq) UN
2783 (solid)
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 1076
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Strong oxidizers,
calcium hypochlorite,
aluminum chloride,
acids
Water, alkalis
Water, alkalis
Water, alkalis
Moisture, alkalis,
ammonia, alcohols,
copper
Reacts with bases
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Store in closed containers
with room ventilation to
prevent airborne phenol
concentrations >20 mg/m3;
control conditions to
prevent overheating and
the buildup of pressure in
phenol containers
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Possible treatment to
reduce hazard component
by immersion in oil
Hydrolysis and good
laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
/|U0\2
(IDS)
1000
10
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /ll
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
2.3
6.1 /I, II, III
Disposal
Method
sta n d a rd s '
Landfill
samples
Incineration
disposal
Incineration
Hydrolysis prior
to Incineration4
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Phosphine
Phosphorus trichloride
Pinacolyl methyl
phosphonic acid
(PMPA) (degradation
product of GD)
[Organophosphorus
compound, toxic,
liquid/solid, n.o.s]
Propylene oxide
R-33 (VR)
[methylphosphonothio
c acid, S-[2-
(diethylamino)ethyl]
O-2-methylpropyl
ester]
Sarin (GB)
Semivolatile organic
compounds, NOS
[Shipping name is
contaminant
dependent]
CASRN
7803-51-2
7719-12-2
616-52-4
75-56-9
159939-87-4
107-44-8
NA
UN ID1
UN 2199
UN 1809
UN 3278
UN 3464
UN 1280
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
Additional
analysis
required
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Air, oxidizers, chlorine,
acids moisture
halogenated
hydrocarbons, copper
Water, chemically
active metals, strong
nitric acid, acetic acid,
organic matter
Information limited 5
Oxidizers, anhydrous
metal chlorides, iron,
strong acids, caustics,
and peroxides
Information limited 5
Decomposes in water.
Reacts with bleach.
Apply good laboratory
practices 6
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
The building should be
adequately ventilated and
equipped with a continuous
phosphine monitoring and
alarm system that is
activated at the TLV of 0.3
ppm. In some jurisdictions,
the indoor storage of toxic
gases is prohibited.
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
Use glass or metal
containers sealed with
nitrogen
Information limited 5
Store in stainless steel.
Good laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
/|U0\2
(ms)
100
1000
Not Listed 2
100
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
2.3
6.1 /I
Information
Limited 5
3/I
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Additional
Analysis
required
Disposal
Method
Incineration
Recycle
Landfill
standards or
samples
Incineration
Incineration
Military 5
Military 5
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Sodium arsenite
(analyze for total
arsenic)
Sodium azide
(analyze as azide ion)
Soman (GD)
Strychnine
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide
Tabun (GA)
Tetraethyl
pyrophosphate
[Organophosphorus
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
Tetramethylenedisulfo
tetramine
[Pesticides,
liquid/solid, toxic,
n.o.s]
CASRN
7784-46-5
26628-22-8
96-64-0
57-24-9
7446-09-5
744-11-9
77-81-6
107-49-3
80-12-6
UN ID1
UN 1686
(liq)UN
2027 (solid)
UN 1687
Information
limited 5
UN 1692
UN 1079
UN 1829
Information
limited 5
UN 3018
(iiq)
UN 2783
(solid)
UN 2902
(iiq)
UN 2588
(solid)
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Strong oxidizers,
bromide azide
Metals, acid, water
Decomposes in water
Oxidizers, alkali
hydroxides and
carbonates, aromatic
ammonia spirit,
bromides and iodides
Powdered alkali metal
(such as sodium &
potassium), water,
ammonia, zinc,
aluminum, brass,
copper
Moisture, organics,
metals
Decomposes in water
Strong oxidizers,
alkalis, water
Apply good laboratory
practices 6
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Destroyed by bleach
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
1
1000
10
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 / II, III
6.1 /ll
6.1 /I
2.3
6.1, 8/I
Information
Limited 5
6.1 /I, II, III
6.1 /I, II, III
Disposal
Method
Recycle
standards;
Landfill
standards or
samples
Incineration
Military 5
Incineration
Landfill
Incineration
Military 5
Incineration
Incineration
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Thallium sulfate
[Thallium compounds,
n.o.s.]
Thiodiglycol (TDG)
(degradation product
ofHD)
[Aviation regulated,
n.o.s.]
Thiofanox
[Carbamate
pesticides, liquid/solid,
toxic]
1,4-Thioxane
[Flammable liquids,
n.o.s.]
Titanium tetrachloride
(analyze as total
titanium)
Triethanolamine
(TEA) (degradation
product of HN-3)
[Ethanolamine
solutions]
Trimethyl phosphite
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
(1,3,5-TNB)
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
(2,4,6-TNT)
CASRN
7446-18-6
111-48-8
39196-18-4
15980-15-1
7550-45-0
102-71-6
121-45-9
99-35-4
118-96-7
UN ID1
UN 1707
UN 3334
UN 2992
(iiq)
UN 2757
(solid)
UN 1993
UN 1838
UN 2491
UN 2329
UN 0388
UN 0388
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Apply good laboratory
practices 6
Strong acids and strong
oxidants
Alkaline materials
Oxidizers
Oxidizers
Oxidizers
Magnesium
perchlorate, water
Reducing agents
Strong oxidizers,
ammonia, strong
alkalis, combustible
materials, heat
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Store in a cool, dry, well-
ventilated area away from
sunlight. Seal tightly, vapor
may form explosive
peroxides under certain
conditions.
Lab standards can be
neutralized using a variety
of procedures
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Good laboratory practices 6
Explosive; fireproof
containers required
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
100
Not Listed 2
100
Not Listed 2
1000
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
10
Not Listed 2
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /ll
9/I
6.1 /I, II, III
3
8/II
6.1 /I
3/III
6.1 /ll
1.1D/II
Disposal
Method
Landfill
Incineration
Incineration
Landfill
Incineration
Incineration or
landfill
Incineration
Incineration or
Landfill
-------
Analyte(s)
[shipping name]
Vanadium pentoxide
(analyze for total
vanadium)
VE [phosphonothioic
acid, ethyl-,
S-(2-
(diethylamino)ethyl)
O-ethyl ester]
VG [phosphonothioic
acid, S-(2-
(diethylamino)ethyl)
O,O-diethyl ester]
VM [phosphonothioic
acid, methyl-,
S-(2-
(diethylamino)ethyl)
O-ethyl ester]
VX [O-ethyl-S-(2-
diisopropylaminoethyl)
methyl-
phosphonothiolate]
White phosphorus
[Phosphorus, white
(dry or wetted)]
CASRN
1314-62-1
21738-25-0
78-53-5
21770-86-5
50782-69-9
12185-10-3
UN ID1
UN 2862
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
Information
limited 5
UN 1381
STORAGE / HANDLING
Incompatibility
(Do not store with)
Calcium, sodium, water
Oxidizers
Oxidizers
Oxidizers
Oxidizers
Air, oxidizers
Handling / Storage /
Treatment Options
Good laboratory practices 6
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Information limited 5
Material should be stored
under water or inert gas
DISPOSAL / TREATMENT
Reportable
Quantity
(Ibs)2
1000
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
Not Listed 2
1
Hazard
Class /
Packing
Group
6.1 /III
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Information
Limited 5
Dependent on
concentration
Disposal
Method
Landfill
Military 5
Military 5
Military 5
Military 5
Incineration
1 Refer to the tables included in 49 CFR Part 172 for additional Information (httpV/ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-
idx?c=ecfr&sid=d683a122678fef011339e6de2a067132&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title49/49cfr172_main_02.tpl).
2 The Reportable Quantity (RQ) for liquid material will vary. Not all compounds have a specified RQ. The analyte may not be listed in the regulations (49 CFR
172.101, Appendix A), or, if listed, the analyte may not have an RQ.
3 Packing Group requirements modified by increasing contamination concentrations.
4 Treatment is required (e.g., stabilization) prior to storage, transportation, and disposal procedures (e.g., incineration). Treatment methods are listed in the
Disposal/Treatment column.
5 Information on specific compound is limited or restricted. Contact the EPA Coordinator and/or the local military coordinator for additional information.
(For military information and contacts, see: http://www.cma.army.mil/contactus.aspx)
6 The good laboratory practices designation indicates no specific storage or special treatment is required; the laboratory should use best professional judgment.
-------
Appendix E
Example Hazardous Waste Manifest Form
Please print or type. {Form designed tor use on elite ft 2-pitchj typewriter.}
for,.,
. OMB No. 2OSO-OO39. C*pires t-30-31
o
E
H
E
R
A
T
O
R
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
T
E
fl
F
A
C
1
I
t
T
V
UNIFORM HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANIFEST
4. Generator's Phone ( }
s>. Transporter 1 Company Name
7. Transporter 2 Company Name
I I I I I I
Document No.
1 1 1 1 1 1
6.
i i
8.
i ;
9. Designated Facility Name and Site Address 10.
i i
US EPA ID Number
i i i i i i i
US EPA lu Number
1 1 1 1 1 1
US EPA ID Number
! ' LI 1 ! , i
1 1 US DOT Description {Including, Proper Shipping Name. Hazard Clan, and ID Number)
a.
b
C.
d.
12 Conn
No
!
1
1
J. Additional Descriptions for .Materials Uซwd ;Abt>ปซ';".--;':":: :';---:-::i5: ;-.v": -:,:. =h-. -r ;:; '.:: .: : :-:.:::: ,.:..
2. Page 1 Information
is not M
ฐ" law.
in the shaded areas
quired by Federal
ATStaM Manifest Document Number . " *: .;. .-.>
^ sme feeoef aim's B> . - -:
C, Jut* Tnmportef'c ID ~~ . ; -
0 Transporter's Won?
E. State frwsporwr-i (o
f. Transporter's Phone . - ;.::;; "
G Stale Facility'* ID
H.Fcdlitv's Phone
liners 1 3.
Total
Type Quantity VI
1 1 i 1
! _1 LI L
1 1 1
14
1/Vo Waste No,
ttt Ctctod Above
15 Special Handling Instruction* and Additional Inform'ation
16 GENERATOR S CERTIFICATION: 1 hereby declare that the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described above by
proper shipping name and are classified, packed, marked, and labeled, and are in all respects in proper condition for transport by highway
according to applicable international and national government regulations
If 1 am a large quantity generator. 1 certify that 1 have a program in place to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste generated to the degree 1 have determined to be
economically practicable and that 1 have selected the practicable method of treatment, storage, or disposal currently available to me which minimizes the present and
future threat to human health and the environ mem; OR, if 1 am a small quantity generator. 1 have made a good faith effort to minimize my waste generation and select
the best waste management method that is available to me and that 1 can afford.
Printed/Typed Name
Signature
Month Oaf Year
(ill
17. Transporter 1 Acknowledgement of Receipt of Materials
Printed/Typed Name
Signature
Month Day Year
i i : i i i
1 8 Transporter 2 Acknowledgement of Receipt of Materials
Printed/Typed Name
19 Discrepancy Indication Space
2O Facility Owner or Operator Certification of
Printed/Typed Name
Signature
Month Day Year
1 ! > 1 I i
receipt of hazardous materials covered by this
Signature
manifest except as noted in Item 19.
Month Day Year
'< ' 1 1 . 1
EPA Form 870O-22 (Rev. t-M) Previous editions are obsolete
-------
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
PRESORTED STANDARD
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA
PERMIT NO. G-35
Office of Research and Development
National Homeland Security Research Center
Cincinnati, OH 45268
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