United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
9202.1-21A
EPA/540/R-96/021
PB96-963233
April 1996
Superfund
vvEPA
Superfund Post Remediation
Accomplishments:
Uses of the Land and
Environmental Achievements
Volume 2
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9202.1-21A
PB96-963233
EPA/540/R96/021
April 1996
Superfund Post Remediation Accomplishments:
Uses of the Land and Environmental Achievements
Volume 2
Final
Outreach and Special Projects Staff
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
State Page
REGION71
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Cannon Engineering Corporation MA 3
Darling Hill Dump , VT 5
Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp NH 7
Keefe Environmental Services Site NH 9
McKin Company ME 11
Mottolo Pig Farm... , NH 13
Plymouth Harbor/Cannon Engineering Corporation MA 15
Revere Textile Print Corporation CT 17
Saco Tannery Waste Pits ME 19
Sylvester's/Gilson Road , NH 21
Town Garage/Radio Beacon NH 23
Western Sand & Gravel , RI 25
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Danville Tire Fire NH 27
Eastern Surplus Supply Co ME 29
Industri-Plex Site MA 31
Nyanza Chemical MA 35
Pease Air Force Base NH 37
Robson Residence Site ME 39
Wells Metal Finishing Site MA 41
REGION 2
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Action Anodizing Plating and Polishing , NY 45
Beachwood/Berkeley Wells NJ 47
BEC Trucking NY 49
BioClinical Laboratories NY 51
C & J Disposal Leasing Co. Dump NY 53
Clothier Disposal NY 55
Combe Fill North Landfill NJ 57
Cooper Road NJ 59
Friedman Property NJ 61
Goose Farm , NJ 63
Helen Kramer Landfill NJ 65
Katonah Municipal Well NY 67
Krysowaty Farm NJ 69
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Stale Page
Lodi Municipal Well NJ ,71
M & T DeLisa Landfill NJ 73
Monroe Township Landfill NJ 75
Old Bethpage Landfill NY 77
Pomona Oaks Residential Wells NJ 79
Ringwood Mines/Landfill NJ 81
South Brunswick Landfill NJ 83
Suffern Village Well Field NY 85
Tabernacle Drum Dump NJ 87
Tronic Plating Co NY 89
Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill NJ 91
Vineland State School NJ 93
Wide Beach Development NY 95
Wilson Farm NJ 97
Witco Chemical Corporation NJ 99
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Andor Chemical Corporation NY 101
Arkansas Chemical NJ 103
Atlantic Resources Corporation NJ 105
Forest Glen .....NY 107
Franklin Bum Sites NJ 109
Friendship Drive Site , NY Ill
Fulton Terminals NY 113
Hicksville MEK Spill NY 115
Kin-Buc Landfill, Pool "C" Area NJ 117
Momclair/West Orange Radium Site NJ 119
MorelandSite NY 121
Onondaga Nation - Site B NY 123
Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) NY 125
Pulverizing Services Site NJ 127
Quanta Resources NJ 129
Radium Chemical Company Site NY.. , 131
Roebling Steel Site NJ 133
Signo Trade International, Ltd NY 135
REGION 3
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Ambler Asbestos Piles PA 139
Bruin Lagoon PA 141
IV
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Slate Page
C & R Battery Co., Inc VA 143
Chemical Metals Industries MD 145
Chisman Creek VA 147
Coker's Sanitation Service Landfills DE 149
Enterprise Avenue PA 151
Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard PA 153
Henderson Road Site PA 155
Kimberton Site PA.. 157
Lansdowne Radiation Site PA 159
Leetown Pesticide WV 161
Lehigh Electric & Engineering Company PA 163
Matthews Electric Plating Site VA 165
Mid-Atlantic Wood Preservers MD 167
Middletown Road Dump Site MD 169
New Castle Spill Site DE 171
New Castle Steel DE 173
Presquelsle PA 175
Reeser's Landfill PA 177
Route 940 Drum Dump PA 179
SealandLtd , , , '. DE 181
Suffolk City Landfill VA 183
Taylor Borough Dump PA 185
Voortman Farm PA. 187
Wade (ABM) PA 189
WestlineSite PA 191
Wildcat Landfill DE 193
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Action Manufacturing Company (Amcom) Site PA 195
American Street Tannery Site PA 197
Army Creek Landfill DE 199
Atwell Mountain Drum Site WV, ,....,.... 201
Avtex Fibers Site VA 203
Belfield Avenue Site PA 205
Bellinger Steel Plant Site PA 207
Coleman Testing Laboratory PA 209
Eastern Diversified Metals Site PA 211
E-Z Chemical Site PA 213
Fike/Artel Chemical Site WV 215
Goodwin Junkyard Site VA 217
Greenwood Chemical Site VA 219
Jackson Ceramics Lead Site PA 221
Marjol Battery Removal Enforcement Site PA 223
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METCOA Radiation Site , PA 225
Metro Container Site PA 227
Spectron/Galaxy Site MD 229
Valley Plating Site VA 231
Winchester Tire Fire VA 233
REGION 4
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Alpha Chemical Corporation FL 237
A.L.Taylor (Valley of Drums) , KY 239
Amnicola Dump TN 241
Beulah Landfill , FL 243
Brown Wood Preserving FL 245
Celanese Corporation NC, , 247
Chemform, Jnc FL 249
Chemtronics, Inc NC 251
City Industries ...FL 253
DistlerFarm KY 255
FlowoodSite MS 257
General Tire and Rubber Co KY 259
Gold Coast Oil FL 261
Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal FL 263
Independent Nail Company SC 265
Lee's Lane Landfill KY 267
Lewisburg Dump TN 269
Luminous Processes Inc GA.. 271
Miami Drum Services FL 273
Monsanto Corp. (Angus) GA , 275
Mowbray Engineering Company AL 277
Newport Dump KY 279
Parramore Surplus FL 281
PCB Spills NC 283
Peppers Steel & Alloys FL 285
Perdido Groundwater Contamination AL 287
Pioneer Sand Company FL 289
Powersville Landfill.,... GA 291
SCRDIDixiana SC 293
Triana/Tennessee River Site AL 295
Tri-City Oil Conservation FL 297
Varsol Spill Site , FL 299
VI
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State Page
Walcotte Chemical Co , , MS 301
Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc FL 303
Woodbury Chemical Company FL 305
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Cedartown Battery Site , GA 307
Disposal Services, Inc MS 309
Divex Corporation Sites SC 311
Interstate Lead Company (ILCO) Site.... AL 313
Maxey Flats Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Site KY 315
Palmetto Wood Preserving SC 317
Prairie/Starkville Ether Sites MS 319
Prentiss Creosote Site , MS 321
Shaver's Farm Drum Disposal GA 323
So-Green Emergency Response GA 325
Southern Crop Services FL 327
Wrigley Charcoal TN 329
REGION 5
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
A&F Materials Reclaiming, Inc IL 335
Adrian Well Municipal Well Field MN 337
Algoma Municipal Landfill WI 339
American Anodco, Inc MI 341
Anderson Development Company MI 343
Belvidere Municipal Landfill , IL 345
Boise Cascade/Onan CorpTMedtronics MN 347
Bower's Landfill OH 349
Burrows Sanitation MI 351
Cemetery Dump Site , MI 353
Charlevoix Municipal Well Field MI 355
Chem-Dyne Corp. OH 357
Chemical & Minerals Reclamation OH.... 359
Eau Claire Municipal Well Field WI 361
E.H. Schilling Landfill , OH 363
FMC Corporation MN 365
General Mills/Henkel Corporation MN 367
Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company MI 369
Gratiot County Golf Course MI 371
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State Page
Hedblum Industries MI 373
IMC Terre Haute East Plant.... , IN , 375
Johns Manville Corporation IL 377
LaSalle Electric Utilities IL 379
Laskin/Poplar Oil Company OH 381
LeHillier/Mankato Site MN 383
Mason County Landfill MI 385
Metal Working Shop MI 387
Morris Arsenic Dump MN 389
New Lyme Landfill OH 391
Northern Engraving Company WI 393
Novaco Industries MI 395
Nutting Truck & Caster Company MN 397
Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill ...MN 399
Old Mill , ...OH 401
Petersen Sand & Gravel IL 403
PoerFairo IN 405
Republic Steel Corporation Quarry OH 407
SchmalzDump WI 409
Seymour Recycling Corporation ..IN 411
Tri-State Plating IN 413
Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base MN 415
Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company MN 417
U.S.Aviex MI 419
Velsicol Chemical Corporation MI 421
Washington County Landfill MN 423
Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc EN 425
Wheeler Pit WI 427
Whitehall Municipal Wells MI 429
Whittaker Corporation .....MN 431
WindomDump MN .....433
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Dayton Hre and Rubber Company Site OH 435
Industrial Fuels and Asphalt Site IN 437
Kelly Koett Site OH 439
Nagel Residence Site MI 441
vm
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State
REGION 6
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Bayou Sorrel Site , , LA 445
Bio-Ecology Systems, Inc TX 447
Cecil Lindsey Site AR , 449
Cimarron Mining Corp NM 451
Compass Industries OK 453
Crystal City Airport TX 455
Dixie Oil Processors, Inc , TX 45?
Geneva Industries/Fuhrmann Energy TX 459
Hams (Farley Street) Site TX 461
Highlands Acid Pit TX 463
Industrial Waste Control ,. AR 465
Midland Products AR 467
Mid-South Wood Products AR 469
Pagano Salvage NM 471
Pesses Chemical Company TX 473
Sol Lynn/Industrial Transformers TX 475
Stewco, Inc TX , 477
Triangle Chemical Company TX 479
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
American Thio-Chem Site TX 481
Billing Smelter NM 483
French Limited Site .....TX 485
Gramlich Residence Site AR 487
Hastings Radiochemical Site TX 489
Smith Company of Ulvade TX 491
REGION 7
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Aidex Corporation IA 495
Arkansas City Dump KS 497
Big River Sand Company KS 499
Conservation Chemical Company MO 501
E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc. (County Road X23) IA 503
IX
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State Page
Fulbright/Sac River Landfills , MO 505
Hydro-Flex Inc KS 507
John Deere (Ottumwa Works) IA 509
Johns' Sludge Pond KS , 511
La Bounty Site IA 513
Lawrence Todtz Farm IA 515
North-U Drive Well Contamination MO 517
Northwestern States Portland Cement Co. IA 519
Solid State Circuits, Inc MO 521
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Baldwin Park MO 523
REGION 8
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Arsenic Trioxide Site ND 527
Libby Groundwater Contamination MT 529
Marshal Landfill CO 531
Mystery Bridge Road , WY 533
Rose Park Sludge Pit , UT 535
Whitewood Creek SD 537
Woodbury Chemical Company CO 539
REMOVAL A CT1ON SITES:
Limon Elevator Site CO 541
Montana Pole and Treating , MT 543
Rocky Boy Post and Pole MT 545
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Site ..MT 547
Swink Mercury , CO 551
Xtron Corporation Site UT 553
REGION 9
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Advanced Micro Devices (#915) CA 557
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc CA 559
Applied Materials , CA 561
Beckman Instruments , CA 563
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State
Celtor Chemical Works , CA .565
CTS Printex, Incorporated CA 567
Del None Pesticide Storage CA 569
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp , CA 571
Firestone Tire "CA 573
Intel Corp. (Santa Clara #3) CA 575
Intel Magnetics CA 577
Intersil/Siemens Components CA 579
Jibboom Junkyard CA 581
Mountain View Mobile Homes AZ 583
Sola Optical USA, Inc. Site CA 585
Spectra Physics, Inc. CA 587
Synertek, Inc CA 589
Teledyne Semiconductor CA 591
TRW Microwave Inc CA 593
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
There are no fact sheets for removal action sites in Region 9
REGION 10
COMPLETED NPL SITES:
Alaskan Battery Enterprises AK 597
Allied Plating, Inc OR 599
ARRCOM (Drexler Enterprises) ID 601
FMC Corporation WA 603
Joseph Forest Products OR 605
Lakewood Site WA 607
Northside Landfill WA 609
Pesticide Lab/Yakima WA 611
Silver Mountain Mine WA 613
Toftdahl Drums WA 615
United Chrome Products, Inc OR 617
Western Processing Company, Inc. WA 619
Yakima Plating Co WA 621
REMOVAL ACTION SITES:
Bunker Hill Mining ID 623
WycoffiEagle Harbor Site WA 625
XI
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
State Rage
A.L, Taylor (Valley of Drums)
A&F Materials Reclaiming, Inc
Action Anodizing Plating and Polishing
Action Manufacturing Company (Amcom) Site
Adrian Well Municipal Well Field
Advanced Micro Devices (#915)
Advanced Micro Devices. Inc
Aidex Corporation
Alaskan Battery Enterprises
Algoma Municipal Landfill
Allied Plating, Inc
Alpha Chemical Corporation
Ambler Asbestos Piles
American Anodco, Inc.
American Street Tannery Site
American Thio-Chem Site
Amnicola Dump
Anderson Development Company
Andor Chemical Corporation
Applied Materials
Arkansas Chemical
Arkansas City Dump
Army Creek Landfill ,
ARRCOM (Drexler Enterprises)
Arsenic Trioxide Site
Atlantic Resources Corporation
Atwell Mountain Drum Site
Avtex Fibers Site
Baldwin Park
Bayou Sorrel Site
Beachwood/Berkeley Wells
BEC Trucking
Beckman Instruments
Belfield Avenue Site
Belvidere Municipal Landfill
Beulah Landfill
Big River Sand Company
Billing Smelter
BioClinical Laboratories
Bio-Ecology Systems, Inc
Boise Cascade/Onan Corp ./Medtronics
KY
IL
...NY
PA
MN
CA
CA
.IA
AK
WI
OR
FL
PA
MI ,
..........PA
TX
TN
MI
NY
CA
NJ
KS
DE
ID
ND
, .....NJ..
WV
VA
MO
LA
NJ
NY
CA
PA
IL
FL
KS
NM
NY
TX.
MN....
239
335
45
195
337
557
559
495
597
339
599
237
139
341
197
481
241
343
101
561
103
497
199
601
, 527
105
201
203
, 523
445
47
49
563
205
, 345
243
499
483
51
447
347
XII
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
State Page
Bellinger Steel Plant Site PA 207
Bower's Landfill , OH 349
Brown Wood Preserving , , FL 245
Bruin Lagoon ., PA 141
Bunker Hill Mining .ID 623
Burrows Sanitation MI. 351
C & R Battery Co., Inc VA 143
C & J Disposal Leasing Co. Dump NY 53
Cannon Engineering Corporation MA 3
Cecil Lindsey Site AR 449
Cedartown Battery Site GA 307
Celanese Corporation NC 247
Celtor Chemical Works CA.... 565
Cemetery Dump Site MI 353
Charlevoix Municipal Well Field..... MI 355
Chem-Dyne Corp OH 357
Chemform, Inc FL 249
Chemical Metals Industries MD 145
Chemical & Minerals Reclamation OH 359
Chemtronics, Inc NC 251
Chisman Creek VA 147
Cimarron Mining Corp NM 451
City Industries FL 253
Clothier Disposal NY 55
Coker's Sanitation Service Landfills .....DE 149
Coleman Testing Laboratory PA 209
Combe Fill North Landfill NJ 57
Compass Industries OK 453
Conservation Chemical Company MO 501
Cooper Road , NJ 59
Crystal City Airport TX 455
CTS Prime*, Incorporated CA 567
Danville Tire Fire NH 27
Darling Hill Dump VT 5
Dayton Tire and Rubber Company Site OH 435
Del None Pesticide Storage CA 569
Disposal Services, Inc MS 309
DistlerFarm KY 255
Divex Corporation Sites SC 311
Dixie Oil Processors, Inc TX 457
E-Z Chemical Site PA 213
X1H
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
State
E.H. Schilling Landfill ., , OH 363
EL DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc. (County Road X23) IA , , 503
Eastern Diversified Metal Site PA 211
Eastern Surplus Supply Co ME 29
Eau Claire Municipal Well Field WI 361
Enterprise Avenue PA....... 151
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp CA 571
Fike/Artel Chemical Site WV 215
Firestone Tire CA 573
FlowoodSite MS 257
FMC Corporation MN 365
FMC Corporation WA 603
Forest Glen NY 107
Franklin Burn Sites NJ 109
French Limited Site TX 485
Friedman Property NJ 61
Friendship Drive Site NY 111
Fulbright/Sac River Landfills ..MO 505
Fulton Terminals NY 113
General Mills/Henkel Corporation MN 367
General Tire and Rubber Co KY 259
Geneva Industries/Fuhrmann Energy TX 459
Gold Coast Oil FL 261
Goodwin Junkyard Site VA 217
Goose Farm. NJ 63
Gramlich Residence Site AR 487
Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company MI 369
Gratiot County Golf Course MI 371
Greenwood Chemical Site VA 219
Harris (Farley Street) Site TX 461
Hastings Radiochemical Site TX 489
Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard..... PA 153
Hedblum Industries MI 373
Helen Kramer Landfill NJ 65
Henderson Road Site PA 155
Hicksville MEK Spill NY 115
Highlands Acid Pit TX 463
Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal FL 263
Hydro-Flex Inc KS 507
IMCTerre Haute East Plant IN 375
Independent Nail Company SC 265
Industrial Waste Control AR 465
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
State Page
Industrial Fuels and Asphalt Site
Industri-Plex Site , , ,
Intel Corp. (Santa Clara #3)
Intel Magnetics
Intersil/Siemens Components
Interstate Lead Company (ILCO) Site
Jackson Ceramics Lead Site
Jibboom Junkyard
John Deere (Ottumwa Works)
Johns Manville Corporation
Johns' Sludge Pond
Joseph Forest Products
Katonah Municipal Well ,
Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp
Keefe Environmental Services Site ,..,. ...... ..
Kelly Koett Site
Kimberton Site
Kin-Buc Landfill, Pool "C" Area
Krysowaty Farm
La Bounty Site
LakewoodSite
Lansdowne Radiation Site ,
LaSalle Electric Utilities
Laskin/Poplar Oil Company ,
Lawrence Todtz Farm
Lee's Lane Landfill
Leetown Pesticide
Lehigh Electric & Engineering Company
LeHillier/Mankato Site
Lewisburg Dump
Libby Groundwater Contamination
Limon Elevator Site
Lodi Municipal Well
Luminous Processes, Inc
M & T DeLisa Landfill
McKin Company
Marjol Battery Removal Enforcement Site
Marshal Landfill
Mason County Landfill
Matthews Electric Plating Site
Maxey Flats Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Site
Metal Working Shop
IN
MA
CA ,
CA
CA
AL
PA...
CA.....
IA
IL
KS
OR
NY
NH
, .. NH . .
OH
PA
,....NJ
NJ
IA
WA
PA
IL
OH
IA
, KY
WV
PA
MN
TN
MT
CO
NJ
GA
NJ
ME
PA
CO
MI
VA
KY
MI
437
31
575
577
579
313
221
581
509
377
511
605
67
„ .. 7
9
439
157
117
. . . 69
513
607
159
379
381
515
267
161
163
383
269
529
541
71
271
73
., 11
223
531
385
165
315
387
XV
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
State Page
METCOA Radiation Site PA, 225
Metro Container Site PA 227
Miami Drum Services FL 273
Mid-Atlantic Wood Preservers MD 167
Middletown Road Dump Site MD 169
Midland Products , AR 467
Mid-South Wood Products AR 469
Monroe Township Landfill NJ 75
Monsanto Corp. (Angus) GA 275
Montana Pole and Treating MT 543
Montclair/West Orange Radium Site NJ , 119
MorelandSite NY 121
Morris Arsenic Dump MN 389
Mottolo Pig Farm NH 13
Mountain View Mobile Homes AZ 583
Mowbray Engineering Company AL 277
Mystery Bridge Road WY 533
Nagel Residence Site MI 441
New Castle Spill Site DE 171
New Castle Steel DE 173
New Lyme Landfill OH 391
Newport Dump KY 279
North-U Drive Well Contamination MO 517
Northern Engraving Company Wl 393
Northside Landfill. WA 609
Northwestern States Portland Cement Co. LA 519
Novaco Industries MI 395
Nutting Truck & Caster Company MN 397
Nyanza Chemical MA 35
Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill MN 399
Old Bethpage Landfill NY 77
Old Mill OH 401
Onondaga Nation - Site B NY 123
Pagano Salvage NM 471
Palmetto Wood Preserving SC 317
Parramore Surplus ,FL 281
PCB Spills NC 283
Pease Air Force Base NH 37
Peppers Steel & Alloys FL 285
Perdido Groundwater Contamination AL 287
Pesses Chemical Company TX 473
Pesticide Lab/Yakima WA 611
Petersen Sand & Gravel IL 403
xvi
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
State Page
Pioneer Sand Company FL 289
Plymouth Harbor/Cannon Engineering Corporation MA 15
PoerFarai IN 405
Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) NY 125
Pomona Oaks Residential Wells NJ 79
Powersville Landfill GA...... 291
Prairie/Starkville Ether Sites MS 319
Premiss Creosote Site MS 321
Presquelsle PA 175
Pulverizing Services Site NJ 127
Quanta Resources NJ 129
Radium Chemical Company Site NY 131
Reeser's Landfill PA 177
Republic Steel Corporation Quarry , OH 407
Revere Textile Print Corporation CT 17
Ringwood Mines/Landfill NJ 81
Robson Residence Site ME 39
Rocky Boy Post and Pole MT 545
Roebling Steel Site '. NJ 133
Rose Park Sludge Pit UT 535
Route 940 Drum Dump PA 179
Saco Tannery Waste Pits ME 19
Schmalz Dump WI 409
SCRDIDixiana SC 293
SealandLtd DE 181
Seymour Recycling Corporation IN 411
Shaver's Farm Drum Disposal GA 323
Signo Trade International, Ltd NY 135
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Site MT 547
Silver Mountain Mine WA 613
Smith Company of Ulvade TX 491
So-Green Emergency Response GA 325
Sola Optical USA, Inc. Site CA 585
Solid State Circuits, Inc MO 521
Sol Lynn/Industrial Transformers TX 475
South Brunswick Landfill NJ 83
Southern Crop Services FL 327
Spectra Physics, Inc CA 587
Spectron/Galaxy Site MD 229
Stewco, Inc. TX 447
Suffern Village Well Field NY 85
Suffolk City Landfill VA 183
Swink Mercury CO 551
xvii
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FACT SHEET ALPHABETICAL LISTING
Sylvester's/Gilson Road NH 21
Synertek, Inc CA 589
Tabernacle Drum Dump , NJ 87
Taylor Borough Dump PA.... 185
Teledyne Semiconductor , CA 591
Toftdahl Drums WA 615
Town Garage/Radio Beacon NH 23
Triana/Tennessee River Site , AL 295
Triangle Chemical Company TX 479
Tri-City Oil Conservation FL 297
Tri-State Plating IN 413
Tronic Plating Co NY 89
TRW Microwave Inc CA 593
Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base MN 415
Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company MN 417
United Chrome Products, Inc. OR 617
U.S.Aviex MI 419
Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill NJ 91
Valley Plating Site VA 231
Varsol Spill Site FL 299
Velsicol Chemical Corporation MI 421
Vmeland State School NJ 93
Voortman Farm , , PA 187
Wade (ABM) PA 189
Walcotte Chemical Co MS 301
Washington County Landfill MN 423
Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc IN 425
Wells Metal Finishing Site MA 41
Western Processing Company, Inc WA 619
Western Sand & Gravel RI 25
WestlineSite PA 191
Wheeler Pit.... WI 427
Whitehall Municipal Wells MI 429
Whitewood Creek SD 537
Whittaker Corporation MN 431
Wide Beach Development NY 95
Wildcat Landfill DE 193
Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc FL 303
Wilson Farm NJ 97
Winchester Tire Fire VA 233
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State Page
WindoraDump MN 433
Witco Chemical Corporation , , NJ 99
Woodbury Chemical Company CO 539
Woodbury Chemical Company FL 305
Wrigley Charcoal TN 329
Wycoff/Eagle Harbor Site , WA 625
Xtron Corporation Site , UT 553
Yakima Plating Co WA 621
xix
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PREFACE
This is Volume 2 of a two-volume report entitled "Superfund Post Remediation Accomplishments: Uses of
the Land and Environmental Benefits." Volume 1 contains the narrative and analytical portions of the report,
while Volume 2 comprises the case studies that support the analysis. There are 224 Fact Sheets on National
Priorities List (NPL) sites with construction completion as of March 1994. These include sites that were dropped
out of the analysis in Volume 1 because they were no action sites, or sites that did not include the land surface. In
addition, 76 fact sheets describe removal actions at NPL and non-NPL sites that were not completed sites at the
time this report was being compiled. It should be noted that the information for these case studies was compiled
during the calendar years 1992-1994. Information concerning use of land and ownership of the site may have
changed over time.
HOW TO ACCESS THE SITE FACT SHEETS CONTAINED IN VOLUME 2:
The Fact Sheets are organized by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region (1-10), Within each Region,
sites are grouped into two categories: Completed NPL Sites and Removal Action Sites and are arranged
alphabetically within each category. The first portion table of contents reflects this organization.
For ease of locating sites where only the name is known, a second table of contents provides an alphabetical
listing of the sites by name and page number. When using this table of contents, it is not necessary to know the
Region where a site is located.
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REOION ONE
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Cannon Engineering Corporation, Region 1
Bridgewater, Massachusetts
Status:
Operations at the Cannon Engineering
Corporation (CEC) facility ceased in November
1980 when the facility's waste license was
revoked. Final remedial action activities
occurred in July 1991. Soil cleanup objectives
were achieved, and all cleanup actions specified
in the Record of Decision (ROD) were
implemented. The following deed restrictions
are in place: (1) property use is limited to
commercial or industrial applications; (2) use
of ground water is prohibited; and (3) onsite
excavation is prohibited at depths below ground
water. The only ongoing activity at the site is
long-term ground-water monitoring conducted
by the Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) group
with EPA and Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection (MADEP) oversight.
The site is fully fenced, and a portion of the site
is being used as wetlands. Five-year reviews
are required because contamination remains
onsite.
Results and Benefits:
Initial cleanup actions removed contaminated
materials from the site and restricted site access,
reducing the risk of exposure to hazardous
substances at the CEC site. Direct contact
threats from contaminated soil have been
eliminated. Cleanup activities also removed the
source materials and reduced movement of
contaminants offsite. Target levels allowing for
unrestricted use of the ground water are
expected to be achieved by natural attenuation
within 15 to 20 years. The site is fully fenced to
reduce the potential for contact with
contaminants.
Background:
The CEC facility is a 6-acre site located in a small
industrial park in the Town of Bridgewater,
Massachusetts. It is one of four separate but
related sites that form the Cannon Sites Group
and that are being handled under one
enforcement effort. Approximately 1,000 people
live within 1-mile of the CEC Bridgewater site.
Use of the surrounding area is predominantly
residential and light industrial. The nearest
drinking water well, operated by the Town of
Raynham, is located 1.3 miles west of the site.
Lake Nippenicket is the largest surface water
body within 1 mile of the site.
CEC purchased the Bridgewater property in
November 1974 and used it for handling,
storage, and incineration of chemical wastes.
Operations ceased in November 1980 after
MADEP revoked CEC's waste license, citing
document falsification and waste reporting
violations. Over 700 drums and approximately
155,000 gallons of liquid waste and sludge in
bulk storage were left onsite when the facility
closed. Between 1980 and 1982, MADEP and
EPA conducted further investigations to confirm
the presence of contamination. The site was
listed on the National Priorities List (NPL) on
September 8,1983. The remedial investigation
(RI) was completed in May 1987. Contamination
was detected in all media; however, significant
concentrations were present only in soil and
ground water.
Actions:
Approximately 152,000 gallons of sludge and
liquid wastes stored in tanks, and 711 drums
-------
Cannon Engineering Corporation, Region 1
(Continued)
were removed from the site by MADEP's
contractor in October 1982. Another removal
of wastes remaining onsite was conducted by
the PRP group in June 1988.
The remedy selected in the ROD of March 31,
1988, included both source control and
management of migration components. The
source control portion of the remedy provided
for fencing the entire site area to restrict access,
onsite thermal treatment of soils contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and
offsite incineration of polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) contaminated soils. In addition, buildings
and tanks onsite were to be decontaminated and
removed, and underlying contaminated soil was
to be remediated. The management of migration
portion of the remedy includes restricting use
of ground water at the site and installation of
additional ground-water monitoring wells to
assure that contamination does not migrate
offsite. With removal of contaminated soils,
contaminant levels onsite are expected to
naturally attenuate.
Fencing of the site perimeter was completed in
1989. Asbestos-containing materials (ACMs)
were found in several buildings. Offsite disposal
of all ACMs was completed on April 25, 1990,
Decontamination, demolition, and disposal of
all onsite structures was initiated on February
8, 1990. Excavations were conducted, starting
in May 1990, in locations where PCB or VOC
removal was necessary to achieve the levels
specified in the ROD. A total of 11,330 tons of
VOC and semivolatile organic compound (SVOC)
impacted soils were excavated and treated onsite
using Canonie's Low Temperature Thermal
Aeration Unit (LTTA). A total of 396.65 tons of
PCB-impacted soils were excavated and
incinerated offsite. These activities were
completed in October 1990. Six new overburden
monitoring wells and three new bedrock
monitoring wells were installed for long-term
ground-water monitoring. Wetland areas were
restored, and an upland area was also backfilled
with clean, treated soil. Final remedial action
activities in July 1991 included removal of six
rolloffs of stored hazardous materials, and
completion of final grading, seeding, and
landscaping activities. Long-term ground-water
monitoring began in 1991.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Darling Hill Dump, Region 1
Lyndon, Vermont
Status:
The Darling Hill Dump has been inactive since
1989 when solid waste disposal operations at
the site were discontinued. EPA has determined
that no further remedial action is necessary at
the Darling Hill Dump site; therefore, it now
qualifies as a "site awaiting deletion." No
construction activities are associated with the
No Action decision. At a minimum, 5 years of
ground-water monitoring will be performed to
confirm that no unacceptable exposures will
occur in the future. A 5-year review is not
necessary under the statutory requirements of
CERCLA because no hazardous wastes remain
onsite.
Results and Benefits:
A carbon filtration system for the municipal
water supply was installed to assure the
protection of human health during the site
investigation. However, the levels of organic
compounds and metals that were detected in
the soil and ground water at the site do not
appear to pose an unacceptable risk to human
health and the environment. EPA's decision as
to whether action is warranted when the cancer
risk range is not exceeded is based upon site
specific conditions. Site specific conditions at
the Darling Hill Dump site supported the
decision to take no action. Steep slopes and
the presence of woodlands make residential
development in the immediate vicinity unlikely.
The small surface area and marginal stability
of the slopes make the site a poor location for
futute development. The cancer risk that would
result from exposure to the most contaminated
ground water would be well within the
acceptable risk range strongly supports the
decision to select No Action. An environmental
assessment was performed at the site. The site
was found to have no impact to the West Branch
of the Passumpsic River or the adjacent wetland
or floodplain. No 5-year review will be
undertaken; however, EPA will continue to
monitor the ground water, surface water, and
sediments for a period of 5 years.
Background:
The Darling Hill Dump is an inactive solid waste
disposal facility located near the Village of
Lyndonville, within the Town of Lyndon, in
Caledonia County, in northeast Vermont. The
Darling Hill Dump began operation in 1952 as
a disposal area for municipal and industrial
wastes. It was never formally regulated or
permitted. Materials disposed of included white
goods, lumber, tree stumps, furniture,
cardboard, drums, cans and other containers,
tires, automobiles, household refuse,
construction debris, and industrial wastes
(including solvents). After 1972, the majority
of materials disposed were construction debris
and white goods. The Darling Hill Dump
contains approximately 100,000 cubic yards of
disposed material. The Darling Hill Dump was
operated by the Village of Lyndonville from 1952
through 1972 and by Ray O. Parker and Sons,
Inc. from 1972 through 1989, when operation
ceased.
Routine testing by the State of Vermont in 1982
revealed the presence of low levels of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in the Village of
LyndonviEe Municipal Well Field. The Darling
Hill Dump was included on the National
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Darling Hill Dump, Region 1
(Continued)
Priorities List (NPLJ on October 4, 1989. The
draft remedial investigation (RI) and feasibility
study (PS) reports were completed in January
1992 and April 1992, respectively. Nine
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) were
identified in 1989 who either owned or operated
the facility, generated wastes shipped to the
facility, arranged for disposal of wastes at the
facility, or transported wastes to the facility.
The Town of Lyndon has a population of 5,100
people; 1,400 live in the Village of LyndonviEe.
The Lyndonville Municipal Well Field is located
approximately 0.5 miles southwest of the dump
and provides water for approximately 3,200
people. The area surrounding the Darling Hill
Dump is predominantly open agricultural and
residential land. The Darling HiE Dump consists
of 3.5 acres on the top of the north-facing slope
of Darling HiE, which is a narrow ridge between
the East and West Branches of the Passumpsic
River. An area containing wetlands and a
ftoodplain is about 300 feet below the dump
along the west branch of the Passumpsic River.
Actions:
A carbon filtration system for the municipal
water supply was constructed by the PRPs in
1991 to address contamination of the drinking
water while investigation of the site was in
progress. EPA determined that the Darling Hill
Dump site was a No Action site, so no remedial
actions were required. However, ground-water
monitoring will be performed for a minimum of
5 years.
6
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp., Region 1
Conway, New Hampshire
Status:
Onsite source control activities commenced on
July 15, 1992, and were completed on
September 30, 1992. Onsite ground-water
treatment was conducted from February 8,
1993, to September 24, 1993. Five-year reviews
will be used to ensure the remedy will remain
protective of human health and the
environment. A portion of the site is scheduled
to be used as a parking lot; the remainder of
the site will be vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Removal of contaminated wastes and soils has
greatly reduced the potential of surface exposure
to hazardous substances and the continued
leaching of contamination into the ground water.
Ground-water remediation is expected to restore
the ground water to drinking water quality.
Background:
Precision stainless steel castings were
manufactured on this 9-acre site from 1964 until
Kearsarge Metallurgical Corporation went out
of business in 1982. Of the 9 acres, Kearsarge
owned 5; the 4 remaining acres were under
different ownership, but are included within the
site boundaries. The wastes produced from the
processes of making the casts (casting, cleaning,
finishing, and pickling) initially were disposed
of in an onsite septic tank and leach field, and
two waste piles. After a 1979 State order
prohibited the company from disposing these
wastes into the septic system, Kearsarge began
storing wastes in drums and the waste piles;
the drums were later removed from the site. A
hydrological study completed in 1982 revealed
that a potential drinking water aquifer had been
contaminated, primarily with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and metals, including
chromium and nickel.
The closest drinking water wells are two wells
that supply water for the municipality and a
water supply well for the residential area across
the Pequawket Pond. The municipal wells are
approximately 3,000 feet north of the site and
supply most of the water to the area. Pequawket
Pond marks the southern boundary of the site
and is used for recreational purposes.
Approximately 8,100 people live within 3 miles
of the site and use area ground water for
drinking.
Actions:
In June of 1982, 17,800 gallons of acid, 54,000
pounds of caustic solids, and 660 gallons of
flammable solvents were removed from the site
by order of EPA and the New Hampshire Bureau
of Solid Waste Management An additional seven
drums of various types of wastes were removed
in April 1991. Onsite remediation activities
commenced on July 15, 1992, and consisted
of: removing and disposing of the septic tank
and 41.85 tons of crushed drums at a Subtitle
D facility, incinerating (offsite) two capacitors
and the contents of the septic tank; excavating
and disposing of 250 yards of contaminated
leaching field soils; excavating and disposing of
13,621 tons of waste pile material to a Subtitle
D landfill; and cleaning a caustic mixer and
disposing of the material at a Subtitle C landfill.
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Kearsarge Metallurgical Corp., Region 1
(Continued)
Onsite source control activities were completed
on Setember 30,1992. An onsite ground-water
treatment facility was constructed and
operational by February 8,1993. Ground-water
treatment was completed by September 24,
1993.
8
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Keefe Environmental Services Site, Region 1
Epping, New Hampshire
Status:
The State is currently operating a ground-water
treatment facility as a long-term remedial action
at the Keefe Environmental Services site. This
60-gallon-per-minute facility treats
contaminated ground water containing volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and iron using
chemical and physical unit processes.
Institutional controls prohibit ground-water use
on the site. The site is currently being
maintained as a wetlands.
Results and Benefits:
Early actions by the State removed imminent
health and safety hazards, including explosive,
flammable, toxic, and reactive wastes stored
onsite. These actions protected the 1,300
residents of Epping, New Hampshire, and the
water resources adjacent to the site. Future
remedial activities are focused on ground-water
cleanup (soil at the site, already meets cleanup
standards).
Background:
This rural 7-acre site is located approximately
2 miles southeast of the municipal center of
Epping, New Hampshire. It was operated as a
hazardous waste bulking and treatment facility
from early 1978 until January 1981, when the
company filed for bankruptcy. During its
operation, the site consisted of drum storage
areas and a 700,000-gallon waste lagoon.
Surface water accumulation in the swamp area
at the northwest comer of the site drains toward
the Piscassic River, which is used seasonally
as a drinking water source for the town of
Newmarket, New Hampshire.
Actions:
In July 1982, the State removed imminent
health hazards, including shock-sensitives,
explosives, water reactives, toxic gases, and
spontaneous combustibles from buildings on
the site. The State removed approximately
four, 100 55-gallon drums; four 5,000-gallon
and four 10,000-gaUon aboveground tanks; and
7 dumpsters from the site. The State also
contracted to have the 700,000-gallon lagoon
drained and the liner removed.
In addition to taking emergency actions to
stabilize the site, in 1983, the State began a
remedial investigation to define the nature and
extent of contamination at the site. Of primary
concern were natural resources near the site,
especially the ground water and two streams
that originate adjacent to the site and that
eventually drain to the Piscassic River. The
remedial investigation was completed in 1985.
A study was then performed to evaluate cleanup
options applicable to the contamination
problems. This study was completed in 1988.
EPA issued a Record of Decision (ROD) in March
1988. Upon further testing, soil remediation
was deemed no longer necessary because soil
contamination levels met the cleanup standards
provided in the ROD. The adjusted remedial
actions included pumping and treating ground
-------
Keefe Environmental Services Site, Region 1
(Continued)
water using air stripping, filtration, and carbon
adsorption with discharge of the treated ground
water back to the ground.
EPA issued an Administrative Order to the
responsible parties, who had 1 year (starting in
February 1991) to complete all phases of
construction at the site. In late 1991, it became
apparent that the responsible parties were not
going to comply with this Administrative Order.
EPA and the State then made the decision to
use Superfund money to construct the ground-
water treatment plant. The final plans,
specifications, and bid documents were
completed in February 1992, and construction
started in June 1992. The plant was operational
in March 1993.
10
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
McKin Company, Region 1
Gray, Maine
Status:
Construction of the remedy at the McKin
Company was complete in September 1990, and
the system was operational in October 1990. A
design for expansion of the existing ground-
water extraction and treatment system was
expected to be completed in July 1993. The
existing ground-water treatment system will
operate for at least 5 years or until performance
standards are met. The Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) will continue the long-term offsite
monitoring program and maintain the site area
for 10 years following the final termination of
the ground-water extraction and treatment
system. The site currently consists of a small
building located in a meadow.
Results and Benefits:
The health of the affected population has been
protected by placing residences with
contaminated weEs on the public water supply
while ground-water treatment is underway.
Treatment and/or removal of contaminated soil
and removal of waste materials onsite have
protected human health and the environment
from the threat of exposure from the soil.
Ground-water monitoring will continue for 10
years after termination of ground-water
treatment to further ensure the protectiveness
of the remedy.
Background:
The McKin Superfund site is approximately 7
acres, located in a rural residential area about
1 mile east of the center of Gray, Maine.
Approximately 300 people live within a 1 /2-mile
radius of the site. The McKin Company operated
a waste collection, transfer, and disposal facility
at the site between 1965 and 1978. From 1972
through 1977, the facility handled between
100,000 and 200,000 gallons of waste annually.
Complaints from nearby residents in 1973
concerning odors and discolored laundry alerted
officials to potential ground-water
contamination. Sampling was conducted by the
Town of Gray. Volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), primarily trichloroethylene (TCE) and
1,1,1-trichloroethane, were detected in the
ground-water samples. Subsequently, an
emergency health ordinance was issued by the
Town of Gray, placing a moratorium on new
construction in the vicinity of the site.
In 1977, the site included approximately 22
metal storage tanks, an asphalt lined lagoon, a
sump manhole, a concrete block building, an
incinerator, and over 200 55-gallon drums. Soil
samples collected in 1977 detected TCE and
xylene. The results of a hydrogeologic
assessment showed contamination of many
private wells in the vicinity of the site. In
December 1977, contaminated private wells
were capped and emergency water supplies were
provided to residents. Public water service was
extended to the area in 1978. State-supervised
removal of liquid waste at the site began in 1979.
The McKin site was listed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) on September 1, 1983. The
site was designated as a State-lead site. Interim
remedial measure work began in August 1983
and included removal of tanks, drums, and
liquid waste from the site and installation of a
chain-link fence.
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McKin Company, Region 1
(Continued)
Actions:
Onsite aeration of contaminated soils and
construction of a ground-water extraction and
treatment system were chosen as the remedy
for the site. The Record of Decision (ROD) also
requested offsite disposal of remaining drums,
additional testing of petroleum contaminated
soils, monitoring of offsite ground water and
surface water, and site removal and closure
activities. Performance standards were also
established. Remedial design/remedial action
(RD/RA) was divided into two operable units;
the first addressing the onsite aeration of
contaminated soil and site closure activities, and
the second addressing the offsite ground-water
extraction and treatment system.
The demolition of site buildings, disposal of
remaining drums and an underground storage
tank, and disposal of debris were conducted
concurrent with a pilot study for soil
remediation. Full-scale aeration of the VOC-
contaminated soil began on July 8, 1986, and
was completed on February 3,1987. Treatment
of petroleum-contaminated soil was performed
in March and April 1987. Site demolition and
final closure were completed on June 23,1987.
A total of 11,456 cubic yards of contaminated
soil were excavated, treated, verified analytically,
and backfilled. The ground-water extraction and
treatment system proposed by the PRPs
consisted of four extraction wells in the portion
of the ground-water contaminant plume near
the site and a treatment system incorporating
an air stripping unit followed by aqueous phase
granular activated carbon adsorption and vapor
phase granular activated carbon adsorption. It
was recognized that additional activities would
be necessary to remediate the entire plume;
however, in the interest of initiating the
remediation, it was agreed to begin construction
and treatment, with further refinements as
necessary, based on additional hydrogeologic
investigation. Construction was complete in
September 1990, and the system was
operational in October 1990.
12
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Mottolo Pig Farm, Region 1
Raymond, New Hampshire
Status:
A pre-final inspection was held on September
23,1993. Construction of the vacuum extraction
system (VES) is complete, and the system is
operational. It is anticipated that VES soil
cleanup will be complete by September 1994
and ground water cleanup through natural
attenuation will be completed by September
1999.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial activities: address the principal
threats to human health and the environment;
eliminate the threat of contamination of a
potential water supply aquifer resulting from
source area soils; and reduce the contamination
threat to a surface drinking water supply.
Background:
The 50-acre Mottolo Pig Farm site is an
abandoned pig farm located in an undeveloped
wooded area. From 1975 to 1979, Richard
Mottolo, the owner of the property, disposed of
chemical manufacturing wastes from two
companies in a 1/4-acre fill area adjacent to
the piggery buildings. During this 4-year period,
over 1,600 drums and pails of wastes (including
organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and
methyl ethyl ketone) were disposed of at the site.
State studies showed that ground water beneath
the site was contaminated and that
contaminants were seeping into a brook that
empties into the Exeter River.
The Exeter River is a drinking water supply for
the nearby communities of Exeter, Hampton,
and Stratham. An estimated 1,600 people
within 3 miles of the site depend on ground
water as a source of drinking water. The nearest
resident is approximately 200 yards to the west
of the site. Residential areas border the site on
three sides.
Actions:
An EPA funded waste removal action began on
December 14, 1981, and was completed on
February 4,1982. Many of the containers were
repacked into 80-gallon recovery drums prior
to transportation offsite. Approximately 160
cubic yards of contaminated soils, drum parts,
and plastic sheeting used in the drum staging
areas were also transported offsite for disposal.
The former disposal area was regraded and
seeded.
The Record of Decision (ROD) for the site was
signed in March 1991, and remediation
construction began in September 1992.
Remediation activities included: constructing a
10-foot high chain-link fence around the site
perimeter; constructing a ground-water
interceptor trench in the former drum disposal
area; collecting uncontaminated water in the
trench and discharging it to the ground water
on the downstream side of the contaminated
soils; installing seven VES wells in the
contaminated soil areas; installing a 20-mil
polyethylene cap with air injection points over
the contaminated soil in area 1 to limit
shortcircuiting of air flow; and constructing a
steel building to house the VES system. The VES
system became fully operational on September
29, 1993.
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Mottolo Pig Farm, Region 1
(Continued)
Ground-water remediation is being conducted
through natural attenuation of the overburden
and bedrock aquifers. This part of the
remediation has been ongoing since 1991 and
is expected to continue until September 1999.
Five-year reviews of the ground-water samples
will be used to ensure the effectiveness of the
remediation activities.
14
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Plymouth Harbor/Cannon Engineering Corporation, Region 1
Plymouth, Massachusetts
Status:
The Plymouth Harbor/Cannon Engineering
Corporation (CEC) facility was closed to 1980
by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. A
baseline risk assessment completed after the
remedial and removal actions of 1988 showed
that use of the site for commercial or industrial
purposes does not pose a threat to public health
or the environment. The remedy selected for
the Plymouth Harbor/CEC site did not include
activities with operation and maintenance
requirements. The site owners, Salt Water Trust,
are responsible for maintenance and repair of
the fence, which was constructed in 1987. To
assure that the remedy remains protective of
public health and the environment, institutional
controls, in the form of deed restrictions, were
placed on the site to prohibit residential
development. Because institutional controls are
necessary, EPA must conduct 5-year reviews to
assure that the remedy remains protective. The
first site review was completed December 1992.
The site was deleted from the National Priorities
List (NPL) to November 1993.
Results and Benefits:
All cleanup activities identified in the Record of
Decision (ROD) have been successfully
implemented, and institutional controls have
been placed on the site. Based on consultation
with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, EPA
believes that the site is protective of public health
and the environment across all pathways of
exposure. Five-year reviews will assure that the
remedy remains protective.
Background:
The Plymouth Harbor/CEC site is located to an
industrial park known as Cordage Park in
Plymouth, Massachusetts. Part of Cordage Park
has been converted to a retail complex, but
industrial uses predominate near the waterfront
and adjacent to the site. The Plymouth Harbor/
CEC site consists of approximately 2.5 acres,
bordered on the northeast perimeter by
Plymouth Harbor and on the southeast
perimeter by a tidal stream. The site lies in the
100-year floodplain. The historic area of
Plymouth Rock is located 1.5 miles southeast
of the site. The Plymouth Harbor/CEC site is
one of four separate but related sites that form
the Cannon Engineering Corporation Superfund
Sites, which are all being handled under one
enforcement effort. The Plymouth Harbor/CEC
site contained three above-ground storage tanks
dating from the 1920s. Each tank was
surrounded by an earthen berm measuring 6
to 8 feet in height. Tanks No. 1 and No. 2 each
had a storage capacity of 250,000 gallons, and
Tank No. 3 had a storage capacity of 500,000
gallons. The tanks stored No. 6 fuel oil and
bunker C oil until 1974, when the practice was
discontinued. In 1975, CEC leased the tanks
for storage of waste oils and liquid hazardous
substances. Onty the two smaller tanks were
used for this practice. In 1979, CEC was
licensed by the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts to store wastes at the facility,
however, on June 12, 1980, an Order of
Revocation was issued, and CEC was ordered
to cease operations immediately (because of
alleged document falsification related to
15
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Plymouth Harbor/Cannon Engineering Corporation, Region 1
(Continued)
hazardous waste reporting). Inspections
conducted in the early 1980s indicated that the
two smaller tanks were leaking a mixture of
hazardous wastes onto the soil below. The CEC
Plymouth Harbor site was placed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983, and it
was deleted from the NPL in November 1993.
The remedial investigation (RI) and the feasibility
study (FS) were finalized in June 1985. The
critical contaminants of concern were
determined to be PAHs, lead, and pesticides.
The greatest potential risks at the site were
determined to be direct contact with, or
accidental ingestion of, onsite contaminated
soils.
Actions:
When Plymouth Harbor/CEC was shut down
by the Commonwealth in 1980, about 500,000
gallons of liquid hazardous substances stored
in two above-ground tanks were abandoned at
the facility. One tank was drained and cleaned
in September 1983, and the second was drained
and cleaned in January 1984. As stated in the
consent agreement of August 1983, EPA was
responsible for one tank, and Salt Water Trust
was responsible for the other. The ROD issued
in September 1985 specified the following
actions: (1) dismantling and disposal of the
three storage tanks and associated piping at an
appropriate offsite facility; (2) supplemental
sampling to confirm the pattern of
contamination and to characterize the
distribution of contamination in the soil; and
(3) a site specific floodplains assessment was
also required. The floodplains assessment
concluded that the Plymouth Harbor/CEC site
lies within the 100 year floodplain. The site was
fenced in June 1987 to prevent uncontrolled
access. The three storage tanks were inspected,
decontaminated, demolished, and disposed of
offsite during the fall of 1987. Pursuant to a
consent decree, in September 1988, stained soils
adjacent to Tank No. 1 were removed by the
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs).
Approximately 200 tons of soil contaminated
with oily materials and hazardous substances
were excavated and disposed of at a Subtitle C
hazardous waste facility. In addition,
approximately 50 tons of surface soil from the
bermed area were excavated and disposed of
along with the stained soils. Sampling was
conducted to verify that cleanup criteria were
met. The area was then backfilled with clean
soil and regraded as specified in the floodplains
assessment.
16
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Revere Textile Print Corporation, Region 1
Sterling, Connecticut
Status:
EPA has determined that no action is necessary
to address the contamination that remains at
the Revere Textile Print Corporation site.
Previous response actions eliminated the need
to conduct additional remedial action at the site.
The Town of Sterling acquired the Revere Textile
Print Corporation site in October 1988 and is
the current owner of the property. Recently, a
light industrial park has been developed; tenants
include a machine shop, a computer paper
manufacturer, a liquid soap manufacturer, and
a rubber tire incinerator. EPA will perform a
minimum of 5 years of additional monitoring of
the ground water and sediments, with 5-year
reviews to ensure that the "No Action" decision
remains protective of human health and the
environment. The site is currently in the
category of "sites awaiting deletion."
Results and Benefits:
Only very low levels of contaminants in the
ground water, surface water, surface and
subsurface soils, and sediments remain at the
site. Previous soil and source removal activities
reduced the soil contamination to acceptable
levels. The ground water on site does not
currently pose a threat to human health because
it is not currently used as a drinking water
source. Future land use of the site is expected
to involve industrial and commercial activity as
it has in the past and, therefore, will remain
protective of human health. The Town placed
restrictions on ground-water and land use,
excluding noncommercial development.
However, both ground-water and sediment
monitoring will be performed to confirm that no
unacceptable exposures occur in the future.
Monitoring of the public supply well is also
included.
Background:
The Revere Textile Print Corporation site
consists of approximately 15 acres in the rural
Town of Sterling, in Windham County,
Connecticut. The site is situated 1-mile west of
the border with Rhode Island. The Moosup River
and Sterling Pond are located southwest and
southeast of the site, respectively, on the
opposite side of Main Street and Route 14.
Spillway channels (one that passes through the
Revere site) allow pond overflow to merge into
the Moosup River downstream of the site. The
Moosup River is used for recreational activities,
including fishing. Fresh-water wetlands were
identified downstream of the site; no critical
habitats of threatened or endangered species
were identified within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Land use in the area surrounding the site is a
mix of rural residential, industrial, and
agricultural, interspersed with woodlands and
meadows. Sterling is serviced by municipal
water supply wells located approximately 1,000
feet west of the site. All homes in the vicinity of
the site are connected to the municipal water
supply system, with an estimated 4,538 people
served by ground water within a 3-mile radius.
The site has long been used for industrial
purposes, starting as a cotton mill in 1809.
Since 1904, the site has been occupied by textile
processing facilities, including, most recently,
the Revere Textile Print Corporation, which
17
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Revere Textile Print Corporation, Region 1
(Continued)
operated from 1966 through 1980. Throughout
the history of dyeing operations at the facility,
process rinse water and leftover printing
pigments were reportedly disposed down floor
drains and into the Moosup River. Residents
observed the dumping or the resulting coloring
of the waters. In 1978, after an order from the
Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection (CTDEP) to reduce the organic color
levels discharged, the Revere Textile Print
Company began drumming the wastes and
shipping them offsite for disposal. After the
contracted drum hauler went out of business,
large quantities of the wastes were stored onslte.
In March 1980, a fire forced the facility to shut
down. A CTDEP inspection of the site in
September 1980 revealed over 1,500 drums of
waste material remaining at the site, stained
soils near the former drum storage areas and
pigmented waste piles by the fill area of the
SpiEway Channel and across Route 14.
In 1982, the site was sold to a metal stamping
business which abandoned its operations there
in 1983, The site was placed on EPA's National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1987. The remedial
investigation was completed in 1992. The
property is now owned by the Town of Sterling
and has been developed into an industrial park.
Actions:
In September 1980, the owner of the site was
ordered by CTDEP to remove the drums
remaining onsite. This action was completed
in 1983 with the removal of 1,500 drums. An
unspecified amount of stained soil was also
removed at this time for offsite disposal. Several
additional 55-gallon drums and 5-gaUon cans
containing liquid waste material were discovered
during an EPA inspection in 1989 and were
removed and disposed of by the Town of Sterling
in 1991. These response actions eliminated the
need to conduct additional remedial action at
the site. EPA monitoring of ground water and
sediments began in 1992 and will be conducted
for at least 5 years.
18
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Saco Tannery Waste Pits, Region 1
Saco, Maine
Status:
A joint pre-final inspection has been conducted
by EPA and the State. All preliminary
completion requirements for the site have been
met, and all cleanup activities have been
successfully implemented. Ground water will
be monitored by EPA through October 1996, at
which time the State of Maine will conduct
ground-water monitoring. Land use restrictions
remain to effect. The State of Maine owns
adjoining wetlands. The site is in informal use
as a wildlife preserve.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of liquid wastes, the neutrali2ation
of sludges, the capping of three pits, the
installation of soil cover systems, and the
institutional controls have significantly reduced
the potential risk of exposure to site-related
contaminants, and have protected the human
health and the environment. The remedial action
provided an innovative approach to wetlands
mitigation and preserved the regional ecosystem,
the Saco Heath.
Background:
The Saco Tannery Waste Pits site covers 233
acres and was operated from 1959 until 1981,
when the Saco Tannery Corporation filed for
bankruptcy and stopped site operations. The
site was used as a disposal area for process
wastes such as chromium sludges, acid wastes,
methylene chloride, and caustic substances.
More than 23 million gallons of wastes were
deposited in two lagoons and 57 disposal pits.
Several types of wastes were deposited in
Chromium Lagoon 1 until 1968. At that time,
wastestreams were separated, and Chromium
Lagoon 2 was constructed for chromium and
solid wastes only. The smaller disposal pits were
used for acid wastes from the grease-rending
fleshing process and for caustic wastes from the
patent leather process.
The site is bordered by the Maine Turnpike, Flag
Pond Road, residential properly on Hearn Road,
and the Scarborough town line. Access to the
site is controlled by a fence along the Maine
Turnpike and Flag Pond Road, with a locking
gate at the entrance on Flag Pond Road. Ground
water is the source of drinking water for
residents located south and west of the site.
Approximately 20 residences are located within
1,000 feet of the site, and 2,600 people live
within a 3-mile radius of the site. Because the
area is heavily wooded and is inhabited by a
variety of wildlife, it is frequently used by
hunters. The site is also used by snowmobilers
in the winter.
Actions:
From July to October 1983, EPA, in a removal
response action, remediated three acid pits that
posed immediate and significant risk to human
health. EPA pumped the liquid from the pits,
neutralized the remaining sludge with lime,
capped the pits, and erected a fence around
portions of the site property.
After the Record of Decision (ROD) was signed
in 1989, the State of Maine established
institutional controls in 1991, and remedial
construction activities began in September
1992. Remediation consisted of site preparation
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Saco Tannery Waste Pits, Region 1
(Continued)
and a soil cover system. Site preparation was excavated and consolidated with Lagoon 2
included: clearing the site; installing erosion material because the seep had extended onto
and sediment control fencing; installing private property. Other remedial activities
temporary and permanent security fencing; and included: removing ponded water from pits and
constructing storage areas, decontamination lagoons; surveying final cover contours and
areas, and a field office area. Soil cover systems installing permanent markers; designing and
were installed over the waste pits, lagoons, solid installing a monitoring network; and performing
waste area, the wet area beyond pit 9, and monitoring of ground water/surface water.
Chromium Lagoon 2 seep. Also, a second seep
20
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Sylvester's/Gilson Road, Region 1
Nashua, New Hampshire
Status:
An initial emergency action and construction of
the ground-water treatment system have been
completed. Remedial actions at this site have
reduced contamination levels. Additional
ground-water treatment is ongoing and will
continue until established cleanup goals are
met. The site is currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Due to a swift emergency action, a threatened
release of hazardous chemicals into a river
system that supplies water for several
Massachusetts cities and towns was avoided.
Physical, biological, and chemical treatments
were used to remove toxic chemicals from the
site's underlying ground water. The removal,
fencing, capping, and ground-water
containment activities have reduced the risk of
exposure to hazardous materials at this site, and
the threat of direct contact with contaminants
in the soil has been eliminated. This project
was the first Superfund site to have progressed
to the construction of a remedial treatment
facility.
Background:
The Sylvester's/Gilson Road hazardous waste
site, considered the Nation's first Superfund site,
is located in the city of Nashua, New Hampshire,
off Route 111, in the southeastern comer of that
community. The 6-acre site had been used for
an undetermined number of years as a sand
borrow pit During the 1960s, after much of
the sand had been removed from the property,
the operator of the pit began an unapproved and
illegal waste disposal operation, apparently
intending to fill in the excavation. Household
refuse, demolition debris, chemical sludges, and
hazardous liquid chemicals were dumped onsite
at various times.
This illegal activity was first discovered in late
1970. After several court actions, an injunction
was issued in 1976 that ordered the removal of
all material from the site. The illegal operations
continued, however. The first indication that
hazardous wastes also were being dumped
occurred in November 1978, when State
personnel observed drums being stored at the
site. In 1979, approximately 900,000 gallons
of hazardous waste were discharged to
leachfields onsite, contaminating the soil and
millions of gallons of ground water. A court order
was issued in October 1979 that prohibited
further disposal of hazardous wastes on the site.
It is estimated that the site accepted hazardous
waste for a period of approximately 5 years.
The site is in a residential area, with
approximately 1,000 people living in an
adjoining mobile home park. Five private water
wells are within a 1/4 mile of the site. The site
is about 680 feet from Lyle Reed Brook, which
flows through the trailer park and enters the
Nashua River, a source of drinking water for the
area.
New Hampshire successfully brought suit in
State court for reimbursement of costs incurred
against the property owner and potentially
21
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Sylvester's/Gilson Road, Region 1
(Continued)
responsible parties (PRPs) for managing and
disposing of wastes at the site.
Actions:
In 1979, the State removed 1,000 drums from
the site. In early 1980, EPA constructed a fence
around the dumping area and removed 1,314
accessible surface drums. Later that same year,
EPA began to mitigate the movement of
substances into Lyle Reed Brook. The
temporary remedy used was to intercept and
recirculate the contaminated ground water to
prevent it from reaching Lyie Reed Brook.
The State constructed a below-ground wall on
a 20-acre area surrounding the site and built
an impervious cap to prevent any further
migration of the contaminated onsite ground
water. A ground-water treatment facility was
constructed to remove toxic substances in the
ground water. The entire treatment process
consists of a combination of physical, chemical,
and biological treatments.
22
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Tows Garage/Radio Beacon, Region 1
Londonderry, New Hampshire
Status:
A Limited Action Record of Decision (ROD) was
issued by EPA with natural attenuation selected
as the remedy. No construction activities were
necessary, so a pre-final inspection was not
required. Five-year reviews will be required
during the natural attenuation process.
Results and Benefits:
The six residences that were found to have
contaminated wells were connected to the public
water supply in 1989 and 1990. Contaminated
ground water in the overburden and bedrock
aquifers is expected to be restored to beneficial
use by natural attenuation. This process is
expected to take 2 to 3 years for the overburden
aquifer and 7 to 25 years for the bedrock aquifer.
Until that time, institutional controls have been
implemented to protect the public health.
Ground-water monitoring will also assure the
protectiveness of the remedy.
Background:
The 100-aere Town Garage/Radio Beacon site
includes a residential development of 23 homes
(Holton Circle), the Londonderry Town Garage
on High Range Road, and an undeveloped hill
and wetland area between the Town Garage and
Holton Circle. The property where the Town
Garage is located was previously owned by the
U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and was used
as a radio beacon tower facility during World
War H. The Town of Londonderry is the current
owner and has been named as the Potentially
Responsible Party (PRP). The primary
contaminants of concern at the site and 1,1-
dichloroethene (DCA), 1,1,1-trichloroethane
(TCA), and several inorganics, including total
chromium, barium, beryllium, and antimony.
The source of contamination has not been
confirmed. Excluding the Town Garage, land
use in the immediate vicinity is residential.
Approximately 7,400 people obtain drinking
water from private wells within 3 miles of Holton
Circle. The site was proposed to the National
Priorities List (NPL) on June 21, 1988, and was
added to the final list on March 31, 1989.
Actions:
The remedy specified in the ROD consisted of
(1) restoration of contaminated ground water in
the overburden and bedrock aquifers by natural
attenuation; (2) institutional controls to prevent
ingestion of contaminated ground water; and
(3) ground-water monitoring. The goal of the
selected remedy is to restore contaminated
ground water to its beneficial uses in 2 to 3 years
in the overburden aquifer and 7 to 25 years in
the bedrock aquifer. Six residences with
contaminated wells were connected to the public
water supply in 1989 and 1990. Ground-water
monitoring will continue until the intermediate
cleanup levels have not been exceeded for 3
years.
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Page Intentionally Blank
24
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Western Sand & Gravel, Region 1
Bunillvffle, Rhode Island
Status:
Remedial actions have been completed. The site
is currently fenced and inactive. Deed
restrictions prohibit future development until
monitoring wells indicate that remaining
ground-water contamination has dissipated.
Results and Benefits:
EPA selected an alternative that protected
human health by immediate alternate water
hookup and minimized surface disturbance of
the surrounding area. The Record of Decision
(ROD) called for the contamination levels to
attenuate naturally, with close monitoring
performed by the responsible parties. Surface
water cleanup goals have been achieved.
Background:
This 20-acre site was originally a sand and gravel
quarry operation. From 1975 to April 1979, a
12-acre portion of the property was used for the
disposal of various liquid wastes. Contents of
tank trucks that were emptied directly into open
lagoons or pits eventually seeped through the
highly permeable soil. Twelve lagoons and
seepage pits, concentrated on the west side of a
hill that slopes down to Tarkiln Brook, were
surveyed during a preliminary site survey in
February 1980. Analyses of the wastes in the
pits by EPA and the State indicated that the
wastes contained either septage or chemicals.
Other studies conducted at this time also
showed that the chemical wastes had infiltrated
ground waters and were flowing westerly
through an aquifer into the surface waters of
Tarkiln Brook. A number of homes are in the
path of subsurface water contamination. Some
wells supplying these homes showed low levels
of contamination.
Actions:
Under a Cooperative Agreement, the responsible
parties closed all private wells in the area and
extended the municipal water line to
approximately 50 residences. In addition, the
responsible parties had to maintain control over
the surrounding lots of land by purchasing or
leasing. This action ensured that the water
supply to the residences would not be
compromised by overburdening the system and
that illegal well drilling would not occur. The
ROD called for pumping and treating the ground
water only when contaminants met certain
"trigger1' levels. These "triggers" were when
contamination was found in the bedrock aquifer,
or if the contaminant plume began to migrate
offsite or was found in the adjacent brook. Wells
were drilled on and around the site to detect
such occurrences.
25
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Page Intentionally Blank
26
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Danville Tire Fire, Region 1
Danville, New Hampshire
Status:
All emergency response activities at this site
have been completed, and all tires have been
removed from the site. The site is currently
imder the aegis of the State.
Results and Benefits:
Efforts by local firefighters and the Superfund
Emergency Response Team effectively
extinguished the tire fire before it developed into
a major pollution incident. Due to the rapid
response, offsite migration of chemical
contaminants was avoided. Subsequent
sampling has not detected contaminants in
onsite monitoring wells or offsite residential
wells.
Background:
On September 10, 1989, a fire of suspicious
origin began in an 8-acre pile of tires in Danville,
New Hampshire. Of 5-million tires,
approximately 1 million were burning. This
dump is located in a rural area inhabited by
less than 1,000 people within a 1-mile radius.
Dangerous chemical contaminants are
commonly emitted from burning tire fires. If
not controEed quickly, a tire fire can escalate to
threaten the local inhabitants and the
surrounding land, air, and water.
A concerned citizen called the National Response
Center (NRC) about 3 hours after the fire had
started. NRC is staffed and operated by the U.S.
Coast Guard (USCG). NRC, in turn, notified
the appropriate EPA regional office and the
USCG district office.
Actions:
Within an hour of notification, EPA dispatched
an Emergency Response Team to the site. Nearly
60 fire departments were enlisted to try to
contain the blaze. At least 50 people were
evacuated from their homes. By the next
morning, it was dear that water alone would
not be sufficient to extinguish the flames. EPA
recommended smothering the fire with soil. By
8:00 a.m. on September 11, trucks had begun
hauling soil to the site. By mid-afternoon,
analysts determined that the offsite air was free
of chemical contamination, and residents were
allowed to return to their homes. At midnight,
workers finally extinguished the fire, but as a
precaution, continued to cover and spread soil
until dawn.
Superfund's emergency response role was
complete, but EPA continued to watch the site
for several months. For 1 week, small flare-ups
occurred, but were quickly smothered. Air
samples were collected at various points above
the new soil cover to ensure that contaminant
levels were within safe limits. By using aerial
infrared photography and temperature probes,
EPA monitored the site's temperature through
the ensuing months.
In the spring of 1990, EPA workers sampled
nearby surface water and six nearby residential
wells for contamination from the melted tires.
Five monitoring wells were installed to determine
whether contaminants were migrating from the
site. For the next 5 months, EPA analyzed
samples from both the monitoring and
residential wells.
27
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Danville Tire Fire, Region 1
(Continued)
To ensure the protection of ground water and
the safety of the community, the State
excavated and removed all 5-million tires for
offsite disposal.
28
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Eastern Surplus Supply Co., Region 1
Meddybemps, Maine
Status:
The Superfund removal actions to address this
site's contamination have been completed. The
site is currently fenced and inactive, and
remains in the ownership of Eastern Surplus
Supply Company.
Results and Benefits:
Remedial actions have reduced the threats
posed by hazardous materials contamination.
The threats included endangennent of wildlife,
such as the bald eagle and the Atlantic salmon,
and contamination of the drinking water
supplies of an estimated 200 people who use
private drinking water weUs located within a 4-
mile radius of the property.
Background:
The Eastern Surplus Supply Company site
covers approximately 3 acres near the center of
Meddybemps, Washington County, Maine. The
site is bordered by Meddybemps Lake to the
north and the Dennys River to the east.
Beginning in 1946 until the early 1980s, this
property was the location of the Eastern Surplus
Supply Company, a retailer of army surplus and
salvage items. The site contained large volumes
of scrap metal, junk cars, old appliances,
miscellaneous personnel equipment, and a
variety of hazardous materials including
ammunition. These materials were stored in
compressed gas cylinders, drums, and 5-gallon
cans. In addition, the site also included a trailer
full of calcium carbide and numerous electrical
transformers containing oil contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Contamination from the site threatened the
adjacent Meddybemps Lake and the Dennys
River. Both of these surface water bodies
maintain active fisheries and spawning areas,
a national wildlife refuge, and a habitat for the
federally endangered bald eagle. The river near
the site is also an active spawning area for
Atlantic salmon; the salmon in the Dennys River
have been proposed to be listed as endangered
species.
Actions:
This property was originally inspected in October
1985 by the Maine Department of
Environmental Protection (MEDEP). During this
inspection, MEDEP personnel noted heavy
chemical odors, hundreds of leaking electrical
transformers, over 2,000 compressed gas
cylinders, 16,000 pounds of calcium carbide,
and stained soil. MEDEP immediately initiated
emergency cleanup and removal measures and
erected a fence to secure the properly. EPA took
over the removal in November 1986 and finished
it in 1990.
Source sampling, arranged by the MEDEP and
EPA between 1985 and August 1990, identified
over 50 different hazardous materials on the
property, including PCBs, chlorinated organic
compounds (solvents), heavy metals, acids,
paints, oils, asbestos, and pesticides. The
removal action was extremely complex and was
conducted in several phases due to the large
variety of contaminants and the various ways
in which these materials were stored. All
cylinders had to be either treated or vented on
-------
Eastern Surplus Supply Co., Region 1
(Continued)
the property due to the aging and instability of vented to the atmosphere and cylinders
the compounds in the cylinders. Contaminated containing flammable gases were vented and
soil was removed and replaced with clean soil, rendered inactive under controlled conditions.
Cylinders containing atmospheric gases were
30
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Industri-Plex Site, Region 1
Woburn, Massachusetts
Status:
Industri-Plex has been cited as the first Federal
Superfund site slated for substantial reuse.
Planning and remedial activities are being
undertaken by two trusts, one established to
oversee a coordinated program of environmental
cleanup, and another to oversee economic
revftalization for the site. Construction and
redevelopment are in progress.
Results and Benefits:
Successful development at the 245-acre
Industri-Plex site could serve as a national model
for linking environmental and economic policy.
Plans by the trusts call for not only the
remediation of the site, but also for economic
development leading to jobs and essential
transportation services. Remedial engineers for
the site are planning a wetlands area that will
benefit wildlife and provide a valuable floodplain.
Major goals of this effort include ensuring that
site reuse protects both public health and the
environment, and that the remedial action is
selected and planned with future use of the
property in mind. By the trusts' estimates,
incorporating the transportation center parking
lot into the remedial construction plans from
the beginning will result in an estimated 80
percent cost savings.
According to current plans: 110 acres will be
developed commercially, including existing
commercial development; 35 acres will be
developed for public transportation; and 100
acres will likely remain wetlands and open land.
A study conducted by the Woburn Chamber of
Commerce through a grant from the Department
of Federal Highways has shown that the planned
transportation infrastructure resulting from the
construction of the new 1-93 interchange and
the transportation center will attract commercial
businesses to the area, creating 16,000 new jobs
by the year 2010.
Background:
The Industri-Plex site lies in a highly accessible
area 1 mile northwest of the intersection of 1-93
and Route 128, one of the region's busiest and
most congested interchanges. It is located 12
miles north of downtown Boston and is bisected
by the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority
commuter rail line. From the mid-1800s to the
late 1960s, a number of manufacturing
facilities on the site produced chemicals for
textiles, leather, paper products, and
insecticides. Decaying hides from tannery
operations, activities from chemical plant
operations, and late night dumping activities
produced a variety of contamination at the site.
The Industri-Plex site, currently a combination
of 60 acres of commercial businesses and 185
acres of undeveloped land, comprises of
wetlands, open land, streams, ponds, roads,
railroads, utility rights-of-way, and existing
commercial activity.
In 1968, the property was purchased by a real
estate trust for development into an industrial
park. Excavation exposed the hide wastes left
from the tannery-related operations, releasing
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Industri-Plex Site, Region 1
(Continued)
emissions of hydrogen sulfide and methyl
mercaptan gas. The noxious smell, later called
the "Woburn odor," prompted public concern.
A 1979 investigation by State and Federal
regulators found: soil contaminated with
chromium from tannery operations and with
lead and arsenic from insecticides; ground water
contaminated with toluene and benzene; and
air polluted with hydrogen sulfide. EPA
subsequently designated approximately 100
acres of the Industri-Plex site as a hazardous
waste site and, in 1982, placed the site on the
Superfund National Priorities List (NPL), naming
it the fifth worst in the country.
In 1989, EPA secured a consent decree, a legal
agreement between State and Federal
Governments and the Remedial Trust (22
potentially responsible parties (PRPs)), outlining
legal requirements for site remediation and
future reuse. An entity called a Custodial Trust
was formed to take title to the land, finance the
remedial activities, oversee current and future
development, and ultimately, to sell the
property. At that time, the real estate developer
still owned 117 acres of the 245-acre site and
deeded this property to the Custodial Trust. In
exchange, the owner was relieved of all past and
future liabilities associated with the site. Other
parties still have title to their portion of the land.
Because the entire site was not contaminated,
other owner-operated businesses remain
solvent.
The Custodial Trust provided a mechanism in
the Superfund process to facilitate remediation
while integrating future development of the site
into the remedy.
Actions:
Initial remediation at the site will address three
areas: contaminants in the soil, wetlands
sediments, and air. The major goals of the
remediation are to isolate site wastes to prevent
exposure to the contaminants and allow safe
redevelopment of the property. The first phase
of the cleanup will address ground-water
pollution on an interim basis. Additionally, a
separate area-wide study will be required to
develop an appropriate cleanup plan. A limited
ground-water study will follow.
Currently one of four hide piles, a source of the
infamous "Woburn odor," is the subject of
remedial construction. Plans for remediation
of this area are closely tied to its ultimate use
as the site of the new transportation center. The
buried hides will be covered by a 12-inch-deep
gravel pack containing perforated pipes. The
pipes wiU collect the gases produced by the
decaying hide residue, and will convey them to
a treatment facility. The gravel pack will be
sealed by high density polyethylene material to
create a gas-tight barrier to the environment that
will also allow rainwater to drain off without
being contaminated. Fourteen inches of dean
fill and 4 inches of topsoil will be placed on top
of the cover, and deep root plants will be removed
to prevent root systems from breaching the
polyethylene covers.
Approximately 250,000 cubic yards of clean soil
will be needed to cover the contaminated soil.
The site will then be graded and contoured to
ensure proper runoff. The planned 2,500-car
asphalt parking lot for the transportation center
will provide an additional impermeable cover on
top of the dean fill that will cover the wastes.
A new wetlands area is planned to enhance
existing wildlife habitats. The new habitat will
be located downgradient of the existing hide
piles, and will serve as floodplain protection in
the event of a 100-year storm. Contaminated
wetlands wiU be dredged and indigenous forms
of plant and animal life will be restored to the
area.
32
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Lndustri-Plex Site, Region 1
(Continued)
The timetable for remedial actions is as follows: • 1996
• 1994 — Continuation of soil cover/wetlands/
hide pile remedy construction.
— Approved design and construction
initiation of ground-water remedy.
— Design of institutional controls (to
regulate future use).
— Development of 1-93 Regional
Transportation Center and Com-
merce Way extension.
•1995 — Completion of soil cover/wetlands/
hide pile remedy.
— Design completion and initiation of
institutional control procedures to
protect remedy during development
and use.
The companies that are part of the
Remedial Trust are obligated to op-
erate and maintain the remedial fa-
cilities for 30 years.
The expected completion date for the hide pile,
soil, and wetlands remediation is the end of
1995. Completion of the limited, interim
ground-water remedy is also expected for 1995.
As part of its ongoing commitment, EPA will
maintain jurisdiction over the site after
development is completed, imposing
institutional controls such as deed restrictions
to protect the remedy during development and
use.
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Page Intentionally Blank
34
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Nyanza Chemical, Region 1
Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Status:
Activities that have addressed the
contamination at the site include capping the
source and constructing diversion trenches
around the stockpiled materials to prevent the
leaching of materials into either surface or
ground water. Concern for the onsite
contamination related to hazardous compounds
has been addressed. Cleanup of the
surrounding area, including an adjacent
wetlands, and cleanup of contaminated ground
water underlying the site are currently in the
design phase. Twenty-five miles of mercury-
contaminated sediment in the Sudbury River
remain to be addressed. EPA has reposted signs
warning of mercury-contaminated fish in the
river.
Results and Benefits:
Soil contamination by leachate from a leaking
settling basin/vault was quickly stopped by
EPA's removal actions. This source of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) contained residuals
from dye-manufacturing wastes. The ongoing
threat to ground water and surface water in the
nearby river was halted. The contamination that
had escaped into surrounding land and the
Sudbury River is being addressed in long-term
efforts under EPA's remedial program and is
currently in the design phase.
Background:
The 35-acre site, approximately 25 miles west
of Boston, was used from 1917 until 1978 for
textile dye manufacturing and is within 250
yards of a residential area. Dye-manufacturing
wastes leaking from an abandoned inground
settling basin were contaminating nearby soil,
threatening the ground-water and surface-water
routes to a reservoir used for recreation and
previously under consideration as a
supplemental drinking water source for Boston.
Nitrobenzene, trichlorobenzene, and other
volatile organic substances were found in
concentrations over 9,000 parts per million
(ppm). Mercuric sulfate and other heavy metal
contaminants were found and have been
associated with elevated mercury levels in fish.
A health evaluation by the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
identified these substances as immediate health
risks, should they be released to the
environment.
Actions:
With dear evidence of spreading contamination,
EPA quickly initiated removal efforts even
though the responsible parties could not be
identified. Removal efforts targeted an inground
concrete vault (settling basin) that had been
abandoned in 1974-1979. This vault was
removed in a round-the-clock operation during
which the abutting industrial facility was
evacuated in response to EPA's request.
Diversion trenches were constructed to halt
runoff. A portion of the contaminated soil was
treated by onsite incineration. The remainder,
too wet to be dewatered for incineration, was
stabilized and shipped along with 25,000 gallons
of contaminated vault water to a RCRA-approved
landfill. Subsequent remedial action
consolidated contaminated soils on Megunko
Hill and constructed an impermeable cap and
ground water/surface water diversion trench.
-------
Nyanza Chemical, Region 1
(Continued)
Decisions have been made to remediate ground
water at the site and to remediate soil/sediment
adjacent to the site. Both of these remedies are
currently in the design phase. Further study of
the 25-miles of the mercury-contaminated
sediment in the Sudbury River is ongoing.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Pease Air Force Base, Region 1
Rockingham County, New Hampshire
Status:
Redevelopment and reuse of areas addressed
by remedial actions are ongoing.
Results and Benefits:
Approximately 1,100 acres of shoreline and
sensitive wetlands areas have been transferred
to the Department of the Interior POI) as a
national wildlife refuge, and the remainder of
the 4,365-acre site is being made available to
the State of New Hampshire's Pease
Development Authority (PDA).
Transference to DOI will ensure that fragile
habitats remain intact. As part of their efforts
to manage the property and monitor wildlife
diversity, DOI plans to maintain early
successional habitat stages, improve food and
cover where appropriate, encourage use by rare
species, and develop mature forest stands to
provide den trees and nest sites. DOI use of the
property will protect and enhance the wetlands
areas.
The plan by PDA is for a phased development of
Pease Air Force Base (AFB). The focal point of
the plan is the use of the existing runway and
the airport-related facilities as an international
hub for world trade and high technology
industry. Major components of the plan include:
a medium-sized international airport with air
cargo and aircraft retrofit capabilities;
international services; light industry; a
warehousing and distribution center, including
a free-trade zone; a commerce center and
research park, including hotels and a conference
and exhibition center; retail outlets; and
substantial open space, including an 18-hole
golf course.
A notable aspect of this site is that the reuse by
PDA is ongoing concurrently with the
environmental restoration work, which is a
result of close coordination between each
participating agency during all activities.
Background:
Originally, this 4,365-acre Air Force base
maintained a combat-ready force capable of
long-range bombardment operations. As a
result of the reduced threat in Europe and
recently enacted legislation, Pease AFB was
closed as an active military base on March 31,
1991. The New Hampshire Air National Guard
remains at the airfield and will use some of the
existing facilities.
The Air Force is required by Section 176 of the
Clean Air Act to ensure it does not engage in,
support, or approve any activity that does not
conform to the State's air quality plan for
attaining acceptable pollution levels. Pease AFB
is in an area that is designated as "serious*
nonattainment for ozone. The air quality
analysis of the area indicates that air emissions
generated by the expected redevelopment of the
airport will add to the level of ozone precursor
emissions currently experienced in the
Portsmouth metropolitan area.
37
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Pease Air Force Base, Region 1
(Continued)
As a result, PDA, the New Hampshire
Department of Environmental Services, and EPA
concluded a Memorandum of Understanding
that allows redevelopment of Pease AFB while
continuing to reduce air emissions in the
Portsmouth area.
Actions:
The Installation Restoration Program (IRP) is the
Department of Defense program for identifying
locations of and releases from past disposal sites
and minimizing associated hazards to public
health. The IRP was initiated at Pease AFB in
1983. The Air Force will continue its IRP until
all contaminated sites are remediated.
Subsequent to EPA placing Pease AFB on the
National Priorities List (NPL) on February 21,
1990, a Federal Facilities Agreement was signed
by the U.S. Air Force, EPA, the State of New
Hampshire's Department of Environmental
Services, and the New Hampshire Attorney
General on April 24, 1991. Under this
agreement, Remedial Project Managers from
these agencies, with the U.S. Air Force as the
lead agency, will oversee IRP activities.
In addition to the ongoing investigations and
analyses, 10 expedited efforts have been
undertaken to reduce the risk to the
environment from known contaminant sources.
Four pilot ground-water extraction and
treatment plants have been installed to recover
and treat contaminated ground water. In
addition, soil removal actions at three locations
and three drum removal actions have been
completed and the Record of Decision (ROD) has
been signed.
38
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Robson Residence Site, Region 1
Searsmont, Maine
Status:
All immediate removal actions have been
completed at this site. The owner returned to
her home on May 31, 1991, and currently lives
there.
Results and Benefits:
The abandoned laboratory no longer poses a
threat of explosion or hazardous material release
to the environment. Within 5 months of
discovery, all waste had been removed from the
basement, and the chemicals had been disposed
of at approved facilities.
Background:
The Robson Residence Site was discovered in
January 1991 after the property owner offered
to donate glassware and laboratory equipment
to a local high school. The owner's husband
had been synthesizing aniline-based dyes, and
laboratory notes indicated that the last time he
worked in the laboratory was June 1973. A
chemistry teacher from that high school visited
the residence and noticed a large number of
chemicals. On January 29, 1991, he informed
the State of the existence of a chemistry
laboratory in the basement of the property
owner's home. The teacher also informed the
State that the owner had removed a bottle of
anhydrous picric acid from the laboratory and
brought it into her residence to clean. Aged
picric acid is shock-sensitive and highly
explosive.
Actions:
The teacher alerted the State of the conditions
at the Robson home. His information triggered
a State investigation in which explosives and
hazardous and radioactive compounds were
identified. The possibility of explosion and fire
was very real. Four days later, the Explosive
Ordnance Disposal Team from Brunswick Naval
Air Station eliminated the most immediate threat
by removing and safely detonating the container
of picric acid at the Searsmont Landfill.
EPA investigators later investigated the site,
confirmed the State's findings, and estimated
that 2,000 containers of chemicals remained in
the laboratory. EPA then established 24-hour
security at the site and temporarily relocated
the owner so that the cleanup team could
remove gas cylinders and other chemicals from
the laboratory. Other shock-sensitive materials
including additional containers of picric acid
were discovered and secured in the laboratory.
Workers also identified and isolated several
containers of radioactive materials. With the
help of local agencies, EPA transported 533
unmarked containers to the landfill, stabilized
their contents, and repacked the materials in
55-galton drums. Aided by the State and local
authorities, EPA detonated 19 additional shock-
sensitive containers at the Searsmont landfill.
The residential well and septic system contained
no evidence of contamination, so the owner was
able to return to her home. The basement was
completely emptied and cleaned.
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Page Intentionally Blank
40
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Wells Metal Finishing Site, Region 1
Lowell, Massachusetts
Status:
All emergency removal activities have been
completed at this site as of August 1992. After
completion of these activities, control of the
property was returned to the owner. Reuse of
this commercial site is possible because no
residual contamination exists.
Results and Benefits:
The threat of hydrogen cyanide gas being
released into a populated area has been
removed. The potential for water supplies near
the site being contaminated by hazardous
chemicals has been addressed by immediate
Superfund actions.
Background:
On September 13,1990, Superfund emergency
managers responded to a request by the State
to address improperly stored and leaking
chemical containers at the Wells Metal Finishing
site which presented an immediate danger. The
site is near downtown Lowell.
Open, leaking, metal plating vats contained
acids and caustics strong enough to burn or
induce respiratory failure in anyone who
touched the vats or breathed the fumes. Highly
corrosive materials were seeping from the drums
into the building, damaging other containers of
cyanide salts. Four drums of these cyanide salts
were open or badly corroded. Had these salts
mixed with the acids, the reaction would have
produced lethal hydrogen cyanide gas.
Many people lived and worked nearby; small
businesses, a condominium complex, and
private homes surrounded the site. In addition,
the leaking containers threatened Hales Brook,
which flows under Wells Metal Finishing and
into the Concord River.
Actions:
Municipal authorities offered their help to the
EPA team. Police secured the area, the fire
department stood by in case of fire or medical
emergency, and the chief health inspector was
on the scene to address community concerns.
In the next 48 hours, Superfund emergency
workers
* Sampled and analyzed plating solutions;
• Separated incompatible materials;
« Safety packed nine cyanide drums;
• Placed 54 leaking containers of
unknown materials into larger
overpacking drums;
* Pumped out 715 gallons of muriatic acid
from a leaking plating vat; and
• Inventoried 162 drums, 40 plating
baths, and 30 small containers for
future disposal.
The emergency team reported to Superfund
managers that, although they had resolved
immediate concerns, the site was still dangerous
and all remaining hazardous materials should
be removed.
EPA ordered the building owners to conduct the
removal. The owners did not comply, however,
and the EPA took over the action. Between
February and April 1992, EPA cleanup staff
41
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Wells Metal Finishing Site, Region 1
(Continued)
analyzed and organized the hazardous wastes had to be pounded out with power hammers.
and arranged for their proper disposal. The By May, all waste remaining onsite was
plating vats were pumped out, and their drummed and safely stored for final disposal,
contents drummed or shipped offsite. The which took place in July 1992.
solids that had accumulated in the plating vats
42
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REGION TWO
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Page Intentionally Blank
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Action Anodizing Hating and Polishing, Region 2
Town of Babylon, New York
Status:
"No Action' was the selected remedy for the
Action Anodizing Plating and Polishing (AAPP)
site. A 1-year monitoring program was
completed in 1994 and established that the
remedy is protective of human health and the
environment. Previous cleanup activities were
conducted at the site in 1980, and the remedial
investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) completed
in 1992 showed that the site no longer poses a
significant threat to human health and the
environment. A 5-year review is not required
because no hazardous substances remain
onsite. The site now qualifies for the "sites
awaiting deletion" subcategory of the
Construction Completion category of the
National Priorities List (NPL). The AAPP facility
still operates at the site.
Results and Benefits:
Remediation of the leaching pits was ordered
by the Suffolk County Department of Health
Services (SCDHS) and removed the most
significant contamination known to exist at the
site. Based upon the findings of the RI
performed at the site, EPA, in consultation with
the State, has determined that the site does not
pose a significant threat to human health and
the environment. Thus, a no action remedy was
selected for the site. A 1-year monitoring
program was established to ensure that the
remedy is protective of human health and the
environment.
Background:
The AAPP site is located in the Hamlet of
Copiague in the Town of Babylon, Suffolk
County, New York. The site is approximately 1-
acre in size and is 1-mile east of the Nassau-
Suffolk County line. The population of the Town
of Babylon is approximately 203,500. The area
surrounding the site is predominantly light
industrial and residential. Public supply wells
are the primary source of drinking water in the
area; approximately 1 million people obtain
drinking water from public wells within 3 miles
of the site. Amityville Creek and Woods Creek
are the nearest downgradient surface water
bodies and are located approximately 1/2-mile
south of the site. There does not appear to be
any significant wildlife habitat on the AAPP
property.
AAPP, a small metal-finishing shop, has
operated at the site since 1968. A commercial
laundry operated at the site for approximately
30 years before AAPP opened for business.
AAPFs operations primarily involve sulfuric acid
anodizing of aluminum parts for the electronics
industry, cadmium plating, chromate
conversion coatings, metal dyeing, and vapor
degreasing. Liquid wastes from these operations
include rinses of spent caustic and acidic
solutions contaminated with cadmium,
chromium, zinc, and sodium cyanide. Prior to
1980, rinse water was reportedly stored in a
concrete waste holding trough in the floor, from
which it was pumped into a steam boiler. The
45
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Action Anodizing Plating and Polishing, Region 2
(Continued)
steam was condensed and reused as process
make-up water. The solids from the rinse water
were allowed to build up in the boiler tubes until
the tubes became plugged, at which time the
boiler would be replaced with a new unit. The
concrete trough was connected to a septic tank
on the north side of the building. Tank over flow
fed into a series of six leaching pits on the east
side of the building. A site inspection in 1980
by the SCDHS revealed that rinse water from
AAPPs operation was discharging to the leaching
pits rather than the low pressure steam boiler.
Sampling showed elevated levels of cadmium,
chromium, and nickel in the leaching pits, and
AAPP was ordered to cease discharge to the
leaching pits and remove the soils and sediments
of the leaching system. AAPP cleaned and closed
the leaching system in the spring of 1980, and
the pits were back-filled with clean fill materials.
The company now hauls its industrial wastes
offsite for disposal.
The AAPP site was placed on the NPL in March
1989. The RI/FS was conducted from July 1989
through April 1992. Chromium and lead were
found at levels above the maximum contaminant
levels in at least one ground-water monitoring
well, and organic constituents were identified
in the soil boring samples; however, the
contaminants were not present at significant
concentrations or in any consistent pattern.
Cadmium was detected in the surface soils at
approximately 20 times above typical
background levels. It appeared that industrial
materials from site operations were not being
discharged to the drainage system. The
exposure pathway with the greatest risk was for
the future ingestion of chemicals in the ground
water by an adult, if the aquifer beneath the
site was to be used as an untreated source of
drinking water. None of the current or future
risks to human health posed by carcinogenic
and noncarcinogenic contaminants from the
various pathways considered exceeded EPA's
allowable levels.
Actions:
AAPP cleaned and closed the leaching system
in the spring of 1980 as ordered by the SCDHS,
and the pits were back-filled with clean fill
materials. This action removed the
contamination known to exist at the site. EPA
and the State have determined that the site no
longer poses a significant threat to human
health and the environment, so no additional
remediation is required.
46
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Beachwood/Berkeley Wells, Region 2
Ocean County, New Jersey
Status:
The selected alternative for the Beachwood/
Berkeley Wells site was to take no remedial
action tinder the Superfund Program. The
primary cause of the lead contamination in the
drinking water is the residential plumbing
systems in the area, with minor contributions
from the area's native ground water. No man-
made or industrial sources of contamination
were identified. The sources are not covered
under the CERCLA program, so the drinking
water contamination problems will be addressed
by the State of New Jersey. It is EPA's general
policy not to delete sites at which hazardous
substances remain above levels that limit the
use and unrestricted exposure following the
completion of all remedial actions at a site unless
a 5-year review is conducted. The New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) and the Ocean County Health
Department (OCHD) have taken steps to respond
to public health concerns and to provide
alternate water supplies until permanent
remedies are completed, so the 5-year review
policy wiE not apply in this situation. The
Beachwood/Berkeley Wells site was deleted from
the National Priorities List (NPL) on January 6,
1992.
Results and Benefits:
Although the no action remedy selected for this
site does not address the protection of public
health; independent State, county, and local
actions have been undertaken since the onset
of the identified problem to address health
protection and are described below in the
"Actions* section.
Background:
The Beachwood/Berkeley Wells Superfund site
covers the 2.7-square mile Borough of
Beachwood, and the 40-square mile Township
of Berkeley in eastern Ocean County, New
Jersey. Both communities were recommended
for the NPL because of elevated levels of lead in
the drinking water. Beachwood has a population
of approximately 8,000, and Berkeley has a
population of approximately 23,000. The entire
Borough of Beachwood is currently served by a
public water supply system. The Garden State
Parkway, running north and south, serves as
the western boundary for the majority of the
population. The undeveloped Pine Barrens are
located west of the Parkway.
In March 1982, the NJDEP investigated a public
complaint in Beachwood Borough involving
possible contamination in drinking water. One
of four subsequently sampled wells contained
levels of lead at approximately four times the
Federal Interim Drinking Water Standard
(FIDWS) of 50 ppb. NJDEP and Ocean County
Health Department conducted a sampling
program in the summer of 1982. Approximately
20 percent of the 601 wells sampled had lead
levels above the FIDWS. An expanded sampling
program identified that approximately 3 percent
of Berkeley Township residential wells tested
had lead levels above the FIDWS. No
geographical pattern emerged, and the
contamination could not be related to a
particular source. The borough and the
township had no likely industry that could have
produced the lead contamination. The site was
place on the NPL on September 8, 1983; it was
47
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Beachwood/Berkeley Wells, Region 2
(Continued)
deleted from the NPL on January 6, 1992. The
remedial investigation (RI) was performed
between April 1986 and July 1987, and the
report was finalized in May 1988, concluding
that the major portion of lead contamination
resulted from leaching of lead components in
wells and plumbing systems, with minor
amounts contributed through environmental
media. Leaching could be further acerbated
where relatively acidic ground water reacted with
plumbing system components, as evidenced in
the Berkeley Township area.
Actions:
OCHD closed private wells with elevated lead
levels in 1982, and provided bottled water for
affected residents in Beachwood and Berkeley.
In 1983, after an administrative order was
issued by NJDEP, Beachwood Borough
completed construction of an extension to the
public water supply system to service all
Beachwood residents. In 1986, OCHD passed
an ordinance requiring a prerequisite water test
to be paid by all residential real estate
purchasers prior to issuance of a certificate of
occupancy. A confirmed water test failure
requires correction of the problem prior to the
sale of the property. In 1988, the Berkeley
Township Municipal Authority was formed to
explore construction of a public water supply.
NJDEP has an on-going, state-wide, public
education program underway to identify the
consequences of lead exposure and the
measures homeowners can take on an interim
and long-term basis to reduce their risk. NJDEP
is also conducting an evaluation of corrosion
control needs and practices of all public water
companies in the State. Combined with the
EPA-revised drinking water regulations for lead,
the State programs information will prompt
NJDEP to take appropriate steps, including
enforcement actions if necessary, to insure all
public water systems meet regulated standards
for drinking water.
48
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
EEC Trucking, Region 2
Town of Vestal, New York
Status:
Binghampton Equipment Company (BEC)
Trucking declared bankruptcy in 1981. The
wastes left onsite were removed in 1983 and
1991. "No Further Action" was specified in the
Record of Decision (ROD) for the BEC Trucking
site, with provisions for a monitoring program
to ensure that the selected remedy continues to
be protective of human health and the
environment. The monitoring program includes
the collection of surface water, ground water,
and sediment samples. Monitoring conducted
during 1991 showed that significant migration
of contaminants from the site is not occurring.
After 5 years of monitoring, EPA will evaluate
the results and decide if monitoring should be
continued. A 5-year review was to be conducted
in 1994 by EPA and the State of New York, The
site is currently owned by COGS, Inc. and is
used for the storage of construction materials
and for saw milling operations.
Results and Benefits:
The "No Further Action" alternative for the BEC
Trucking site is based on the results of the
remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS),
which determined that the site does not pose a
significant threat to human health and the
environment and is not a source of significant
concentrations of any hazardous substances.
The initial monitoring program verified that the
selected remedy is protective of human health
and the environment. EPA will continue
monitoring activities through 1996 to ensure
that the selected remedy remains protective.
Ground-water use is unlikely because the site
is currently industrial; installation of new
ground water wells is not prohibited, but it is
expected that new residents would be connected
to the Town of Vestal municipal water system;
the ground water beneath the site discharges
into the marsh; and any future potable water
wells would likely utilize the uncontaminated
bedrock aquifer.
Background:
The BEC Trucking site is an open lot of
approximately 3.5 acres located in the Town of
Vestal in Broome County, New York. The area
surrounding the site is primarily industrial and
commercial. The site is bounded by Stewart
Road to the south, open lots to the east and
north, and wetlands to the west. A petroleum
tank farm distribution terminal is located near
the eastern border of the site. The property was
sold to Haial Trucking (which later became BEC
Trucking) in the mid-1960s. At the time of
purchase, the site was unimproved marshland
owned by the Stewart family. Upon purchase
of the property, Haial Trucking filled the
marshland with fly ash or similar material,
covered with silt, sand, and gravel fill material.
A 1-acre marshland area remains unfilled, and
a surface drainage ditch traverses the eastern
and northern perimeter of the site. Haial
Trucking used the site for storing trucks and
tankers. BEC Trucking was involved in truck
body fabrication and maintenance of large
trucks. Two industrial buildings that housed
BEC Trucking maintenance operations are
located immediately south of Stewart Road.
Waste hydraulic oil and waste motor oil were
reportedly generated as a result of this operation.
49
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BEC Trucking, Region 2
(Continued)
Drums containing waste engine oil, cutting oil,
and other liquid waste materials were routinely
stored on the site. In September 1981, BEC
Trucking filed for bankruptcy.
Concerns related to contamination at the BEC
Trucking property began in May 1982, when the
Town of Vestal found evidence of illegal dumping
of miscellaneous debris and the improper
storage of approximately 50 drums containing
petroleum and chemical products. A New York
State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC) inspection of the site
subsequently revealed 20 drums containing
various liquid waste materials, including waste
engine or cutting oils, enamel reducers, paint
thinners, and waste solvents. In June 1982,
the Vestal Code Enforcement Office received an
anonymous telephone call alleging that BEC
Trucking disposed of liquid waste in the marsh
area and that cleaning effluent from the steam
cleaning of chemical tankers undergoing
maintenance by BEC was commonly discharged
to the ground surface at the site.
The site was purchased by COGS, Inc. in
February 1983, following a foreclosure auction
on the property. A portion of the property was
transferred to Downside Risk, Inc. in April 1983.
The site was included on the National Priorities
List (NPL) in June 1986, based on sample results
showing the potential for exposure to lead in
ground water. An RI/FS was conducted at the
site by EPA's contractor in 1988. The primary
contaminants of concern included arsenic, lead,
volatile organics, and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Actions:
In August 1983, COGS, Inc. contracted with an
NYSDEC-approved waste hauler to remove the
50 surface drums. Stained soil located around
the drums was excavated and contained in four
drums onsite; these drums were removed by
EPA in March 1991. EPA and the State of New
York determined that no further action is
necessary for this site based on the RI/FS.
Ground-water monitoring will track the
contaminant concentrations and determine the
need for continued monitoring.
50
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
BioClinical Laboratories, Region 2
Town of Islip, New York
Status:
EPA and the State of New York have determined
that the BioClinical Laboratories pCL) site does
not pose a significant threat to human health
or the environment. This determination is based
on previous cleanup activities and the remedial
investigation (RI). The Record of Decision (ROD)
signed for the site specified, "No Further Action."
This remedy will not result in hazardous
substances remaining onsite above health-based
levels, so the 5-year review does not apply. The
site is now in the "sites awaiting deletion"
subcategory of the National Priorities List (NPL).
The companies that caused the contamination
are no longer in business, but the site has been
leased to other tenants for industrial and
commercial purposes.
Results and Benefits:
The risk assessment indicates that the level of
contaminants present onsite does not pose
unacceptable risks. Because low levels of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found
in some monitoring wells, the owners of existing
downgradient private weEs can request that the
Suffolk County Water Authority sample their
wells to ensure that their drinking water
continues to be of acceptable quality. The public
water supply was expanded to the vicinity of
the site, so many private well users were
subsequently connected to the public water
supply.
Background:
The BCL site is located in the Hamlet of
Bohemia, to the Town of Islip, in Suffolk County,
New York. The site is approximately 0.5 miles
south of Long Island's MaeArthur Airport. BCL
occupied Unit I of a 1-story, 10-unit building
containing approximately 39,000 square feet of
floor space and situated on a 2.6-acre paved
lot. The building is serviced by two onsite
sanitary systems, each consisting of a septic
tank, distribution pool, and related storm drain
drywells, located south of the building on the
east and west sides. The land near the site is
zoned for industrial and commercial use. The
closest residential development is approximately
1,000 feet south of the site, just beyond a 3-
acre wooded lot. Aquifers are the sole source of
potable water for the area population; municipal
and private wells downgradient of the site serve
approximately 10,000 people. . Low
concentrations of VOCs were found in several
private wells in 1981, but the public water
supplies were not affected.
BCL, founded in 1972, formulated and
repackaged industrial chemicals for wholesale
distribution to manufacturers. During
processing, containers contaminated with
various inorganic chemicals were washed, both
indoors and outdoors, into the east sanitary
system and to the storm drains at the front and
rear of the building. A fire in July 1981 damaged
BCL's chemical inventory and resulted in
hazardous waste runoff and air emissions. Later
that year, the Suffolk County Department of
Health Services (SCDHS) ordered that the east
sanitary sewer be cleaned. BCL was sold in 1984
and moved operations to another location. As
of April 1990, the business had ceased
operations.
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BioClinical Laboratories, Region 2
(Continued)
Another source of contamination at the site has
been attributed to Panatone Finishing
Corporation, a company involved in the
preparation and application of finished metal
products. Panatone, a tenant of Unit D, was
connected to the west sanitary system of the
building. Panatone was cited for numerous
violations concerning improper discharge of
hazardous substances. In September 1981,
SCDHS ordered Panatone to cease discharges
of hazardous materials to surface soils and the
sanitary system, to clean up contaminated soils
and to apply for pertinent discharge permits.
Subsequently, a ground-water investigation was
conducted, detecting 1,1,1-trichloroethane and
1,1-dichloroethane above applicable drinking
water standards. In addition to the west sanitary
system, Panatone utilized an unrelated leaching
pool for the disposal of effluent on the north
side of the building. This leaching pool was
cleaned and removed from service by the
property owner in October 1985. Panatone is
no longer in operation.
The NPL final listing occurred in March 1989.
The RI was completed in March 1992. The west
sanitary system required further cleaning in May
1992.
Actions:
In November 1981, the east sanitary system was
cleaned out by BCL pursuant to a Decision and
Order issued by SCDHS in September. SCDHS
also issued a Consent Order to Panatone in
September 1981 to cease discharges of
hazardous materials to surface soils and the
west sanitary system, to clean up contaminated
soils and to apply for pertinent discharge
permits. Panatone complied with the order in
October 1981. In October 1985, the leaching
pool on the north side of the building was
pumped out, cleaned, and removed from service
by the property owner.
Pursuant to a December 1991 SCDHS directive,
the owner of the building, in conjunction with
the current tenant, cleaned out the
contamination in the west system. This action
occurred in May 1992. SCDHS attempted to
secure the further cleanout of the east system
by the owner of the property. No further action
was required at this site.
52
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
C & J Disposal Leasing Co. Dump, Region 2
Hamilton, NT
Status:
Excavation and waste removal activities were
completed on January 22,1993; site restoration
was completed by June 24, 1993; and the site
was inspected on June 29, 1993. Ground-water
monitoring was completed in January 1994; and
the site's security fence has been removed. The
site is currently used as an access road.
Results and Benefits:
Complete removal of contaminated soil and
debris from the site has eliminated the threat to
human health and the environment. Removal
of the source has protected the threat to ground
water as well as the threat to a wetland that
drains the site. No ground-water contamination
has been detected onsite or in nearby residential
drinking water wells.
Background:
The 1/10-acre C & J Disposal Leasing Co. Dump
site consists of a disposal trench situated
between a former railroad bed and an active
agricultural field. The property is immediately
adjacent to residential property owned by C & J
Leasing. The trench was used during the 1970s
for the disposal of industrial waste, despite the
fact that it was never licensed as a landfill. The
amount of material disposed in the trench is
unknown. In 1976, C & J Leasing was observed
dumping what appeared to be lead-based paints
and other liquid industrial wastes into the
trench. An inspection by the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation
revealed 75 and 100 drums lying in a pool of
stagnant waste in a trench. The trench was
subsequently covered with clean fill, reportedly
by C & J Leasing, burying the drums in the
process. Sampling in 1985 revealed the presence
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and lead in the
soil and a small onsite pond. In 1989 C & J
Leasing conducted an unauthorized excavation
of the site, leaving two large holes and three
stockpiles of soil and waste material. Some or
all of the drums may have been removed at this
time and disposed of offsite.
Approximately 3,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site and depend on private wells for
drinking water. Twelve residences are within
1,800 feet of the site and are also served by
private wells. The surrounding area is rural.
The site drains to a wetland that ultimately
discharges to Woodman Pond, located 3,000 feet
south of the site. Woodman Pond, which
provided drinking water to an estimated 3,800
people in the Village of Hamilton until 1989, now
serves as the backup water supply for the Village.
Actions:
The remedial activities began on August 24,
1992, and were completed by June 29, 1993.
Remediation included: installing improved
security measures; implementing the Wetlands
Protection Plan prior to any excavation activities;
constructing a drainage pad to drain the soils
before removal; removing and transporting over
2,400 cubic yards of contaminated soil and
debris to a RCRA-compliant waste management
facility, backfilling, regrading, and revegetating
the site according to Madison County Soil and
Water Conservation District standards; and
quarterly testing of both on-site wells and nearby
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C fit J Disposal Leasing Co. Dump, Region 2
(Continued)
residential wells for 1 year after remediation.
Modifications in the Record of Decision (ROD)
included: drying dewatered soils and stabilizing
them using cement for transportation and
disposal; excavating waste from an additional
140-foot to 200-foot long section of land; and
adding screened stone to the backfill of the
disposal trench. No remediation of the small
pond was required.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
ClotMer Disposal, Region 2
Granby, Oswego County, New York
Status:
Construction of the final remedial action was
completed in September 1992. Long-term
monitoring of ground water, soil, and Ox Creek
sediment and surface water will be performed
to evaluate any changes that may occur. A 5-
year review will be conducted by EPA to ensure
that the remedy continues to provide adequate
protection of human health and the
environment. Deed restrictions have been
placed on this 15-acre inactive municipal
landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy reduced the risk level to
humans by placing a 1-foot cover of clean soil
over the contaminated areas, thereby reducing
the threat of direct contact with and ingestion
of the low-level contaminated soil. The threat
to the environment (Ox Creek, the adjacent
wetland, and neighboring properties) from soil
erosion and surface water runoff was addressed
by regrading and revegetation of the site.
Institutional controls prevent the utilization of
the underlying ground water, future residential
development of the site, and disturbance of the
soil cover.
Background:
The Clothier Disposal site is a privately owned
dump located to a rural area near the Town of
Granby, to Oswego County, New York. Six acres
of the 15-acre site were used for waste disposal.
From the early 1970s to 1984, the site was used
for disposal of demolition debris, household
wastes, junk vehicles, and approximately 2,200
drums of hazardous chemical waste from the
Pollution Abatement Services, Inc. (PAS)
National Priorities List (NPL) site.
In 1971, the owner applied for a landfill permit,
which was denied. In 1973, the Oswego County
Health Department observed drums containing
waste from PAS at the site and requested an
investigation by the New York State Department
of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). After
the NYSDEC brought suit against the owner in
1976 for operating an illegal dump, the owner
made several cleanup attempts, but drums were
broken and waste materials were buried to the
process.
In 1983, a Phase I investigation was performed.
Volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and
a high concentration of heavy metals were found
to the soil. Barium was found to Ox Creek
sediments. Heavy metals, including cadmium,
chromium, and manganese were found to the
ground water. The site was included on the NPL
to June 1986.
Approximately 160 people live within a 1-mile
radius of the site, with the nearest residence
located 2,000 feet from the site. Private wells
are used for drinking water. Land use to the
vicinity of the site is predominantly agricultural.
A wetland is located just west of the waste
disposal area. Ox Creek flows through the site,
feeding into the Oswego River, and a portion of
the site lies within a 100-year flood plain.
Actions:
In 1986, drums were staged and characterized.
Several potentially responsible parties
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Clothier Disposal, Region 2
(Continued)
subsequently removed 1,858 drums of waste.
In 1987 and 1988, EPA removed the remaining
drums and the contaminated soil and debris
associated with leakage from the drums.
Subsequent sampling indicated that low
concentrations of residual contamination
remained on the site. Final cleanup activities
began in 1991. Seven additional drums were
uncovered and removed during regrading of
the soil cap. Installation of the soil cap and
revegetation was completed in September
1992.
The remedy selected for the site included:
• Placing a 1-foot clean soil cover over
the residually-contaminated areas;
» Regrading and revegetating the site to
prevent soil erosion and to minimize
surface water runoff. (Installation of
rip-rap, as specified in the Record of
Decision, was not needed because
erosion control from the regrading and
revegetation was determined to be
sufficient.);
« Implementing institutional controls to
prevent the use of underlying ground
water and the future residential
development of the site; and
• Long-term monitoring of the ground
water, soil, Ox Creek sediments and
surface water.
The remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/
FS) investigation did not include the 11-acre
wetland area, but samples were collected and
analyzed as part of a post RI/FS study. This
study indicated that a significant threat to
human health and the environment does not
exist, and that remedial actions for the ground
water and wetlands are not warranted.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Combe Fill North Landfill, Region 2
Morris County, New Jersey
Status:
The 65-acre landfill had not been properly dosed
when the owner, Combe Fill Corp. (CFC) declared
bankruptcy in 1981. As a result, the State,
under EPA supervision, contracted to complete
remedial action activities at the site. The New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
and Energy (NJDEPE) conducted a final
inspection in 1991 and determined that the
contractor had constructed the remedy in
accordance with remedial design (RD) plans and
specifications. The site is currently a dosed
landfill.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the remedial actions taken, the
potential for any site contamination reaching
nearby surface waters has been reduced. A
drainage system has been installed to collect
any potentially contaminated surface water
draining from the site, and methane gas is now
being released safely by a venting system. In
addition, direct human or animal contact with
site waste is now prohibited by the cap and
security fencing.
Background:
The Combe Fill North Landfill is located on Gold
Mine Road, near the junctions of US Highways
206 and 46 and Interstate 80 in Mount Olive
Township, New Jersey. The residential
communities of Netcong Boro and Budd Lake,
a developed resort, are both less than 2 miles
from the site. The former landfill comprises 65
acres of the 102.8-acre property. Much of the
land surrounding the site is wooded; the
developed areas are residential, with some
farming and light industry nearby. A highly
commercialized area is located nearby along Rt.
46. Approximately 10,000 people use ground
water from private wells located downgradient
(northeast) and within 2 miles of the site, but
monitoring has shown that contaminant levels
do not pose a significant risk to human health.
Several small ponds are located onsite. Surface
runoff drains into two small streams east and
west of the site that are tributaries to Wills
Brook, which empties into the Musconetcong
River.
The site was first operated as a municipal landfill
beginning in 1966 and reportedly accepted
municipal, vegetative, industrial (nonchemical)
wastes, and small amounts of dry sewage
sludge. Wastes were deposited in a marshy area
and remain below the water table. From 1969
until 1978, the landfill was operated by
Morris County Landfill, Inc. It was registered
with the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) in 1976.
From 1978 until 1981, the landfill was owned
and operated by Combe Fill Corp. (CFC), a wholly
owned subsidiary of Combustion Equipment
Associates (CEA). CFC was repeatedly dted for
violations of New Jersey solid waste
administration codes. Public outrage at the
operating practices of CFC lead to the formation
of a citizens' group called SMOTHER (Save
Mount Olive Township - Halt Environmental
Rape) in 1979. This group conducted ground-
water sampling around the site and was
influential in initiating the process for ranking
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Combe Fill North Landfill, Region 2
(Continued)
the site on the National Priorities List (NPL). CFC including perimeter ditches and corrugated
declared bankruptcy in 1981, prior to the metal pipes; install a methane venting system;
addition of the site to the NPL in 1982. construct a security fence surrounding the site;
and implement an appropriate monitoring
Actions: program to ensure the effectiveness of the
remedial action.
The State contracted to have the following
remedial actions conducted: grade and compact
the 65-acre waste disposal area; cap the landfill
in accordance with appropriate solid waste
management criteria; install a drainage system,
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Cooper Road, Region 2
Voorhees Township, New Jersey
Status:
The Cooper Road site was deleted from the
National Priorities List (NPL) on February 22,
1989, when it was determined that the site no
longer posed a threat to the public or the
environment. EPA and the State of New Jersey
have determined that all appropriate responses
under CERCLA have been implemented and that
no further cleanup by responsible parties is
appropriate. The site remains vacant.
Results and Benefits:
EPA and the State have determined that
remedial actions conducted at the site have been
protective of public health, welfare, and the
environment. The contaminated soils and
materials have been removed, thereby,
eliminating any potential site-related health
risks to the community and the environment.
Tests conducted after the removal of the vials
and contaminated soil showed that the site was
safe to the surrounding community and
environment. New residential developments in
the area have been placed on the municipal
water supply.
Background:
The Cooper Road site is a 100-square foot area
in Voorhees Township in Camden County, New
Jersey. The site contains an old borrow pit that
had been excavated for fill material. Several vials
containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
such as benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, were
discovered on the site in 1982. Several vials
were broken. The State requested that the
property owners remove the vials, but they did
not comply. The property was sold in 1983,
and the new owners took appropriate actions.
The Cooper Road site was listed on the NPL on
September 1,1984. It was deleted from the NPL
on February 22, 1989. Approximately 1,400
people live within 3 miles of the site. The nearest
residence is approximately 300 feet from the site,
and the nearest private well is 500 feet away.
New residential developments in the area are
placed on the municipal water service.
Actions:
After the property was sold in 1983, the new
owners, with State supervision, removed the
vials, excavated 6 inches of contaminated soil,
and disposed of the materials in a federally-
approved hazardous waste facility. This action
was completed to 1987.
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60
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Friedman Property, Region 2
Upper Freehold Township, New Jersey
Status:
EPA determined in 1985 that the Friedman
Property site did not require long-term cleanup
actions to address the low-level residual
contamination detected. Annual monitoring of
onsite wells was required for a 5-year period to
ensure that ground water remained within safe
levels. The New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) performed
the monitoring. After EPA review, it was
recommended that the State place deed
restrictions on the property. The site was deleted
from the National Priorities List (NPL) in March
1986; it is currently unused. A 5-year review
is planned.
Results and Benefits:
After extensive investigations, EPA determined
that the low levels of compounds in the ground
water do not pose a threat to human health or
the environment. Ground-water monitoring has
shown that contaminant concentrations are
within safe levels.
Background:
The 2-acre Friedman Property is an open, vacant
lot. Drums and liquids were dumped into a ditch
at the site in the late 1950s and 1960s. Ground
water underlying the abandoned site was
suspected to contain a number of contaminants.
The site is in a rural area with scattered
residences, commercial facilities, and several
trailer parks, all dependent on local ground
water as the source of drinking water. The site
is bordered by an unnamed tributary of Lahaway
Creek, a single-family residential property, and
New Jersey routes 537 and 539. The Friedman
Property was one of four NPL sites within a 2-
mile radius. The site was listed on the NPL on
September 1, 1983; it was deleted on March 7,
1986. Morton Thiokol Corporation was
identified as the Potentially Responsible Party
(PRP); however, its site evaluation plan was
rejected, and NJDEP performed the
investigation. Although ground-water samples
showed low levels of creosote and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), a ground-water plume could
not be defined. The results of the State's
investigations led to EPA's decision to delete the
site from the NPL.
Actions:
Long-term cleanup actions were not required
to address the low-level residual contamination
detected at the site. Annual monitoring of onsite
wells was required for a 5-year period to ensure
that ground water remained within safe levels.
NJDEP performed the monitoring, with review
by EPA. Wells at the site were recently closed.
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62
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Goose Farm, Region 2
Plumstead Township, New Jersey
Status:
As part of the remedial activities conducted at
this site, the Potentially Responsible Party (PRP)
has completed construction of the ground-
water/soil-flushing system. The system will
remove contaminants from the ground water
through air stripping and carbon filtration. The
system has been in full operation since the early
summer of 1993.
Results and Benefits:
Security fencing, a clay cap, and a slurry wall
are preventing exposure of humans and wildlife
to the contaminants at the site. The site no
longer poses a significant health threat. Surface
remediation goals have been met. The ground-
water treatment/soil-flushing system will be
operational until the contaminants in the
ground water are reduced to levels that do not
exceed ground-water quality criteria.
Background:
This 6.6-acre site is one of seven sites located
within a 20-square mile area of Ocean and
Monmouth counties that was contaminated with
chemical wastes, allegedly as a result of
dumping by Thiokol Corporation from the 1950s
to the early 1970s.
Investigation of this site began in 1980 after an
inspection by the State revealed that
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), acids, and metals
were buried at the site. From 1980 to early 1981,
the State removed containers of waste, bulk
liquids, and visibly contaminated soil, and
pumped and treated the contaminated ground
water. In 1983, the site was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL). In 1985, EPA
signed a Record of Decision (ROD) that required
additional treatment of contaminated soil and
ground water and further investigations to
evaluate the extent of PCB contamination at the
site. Between 1985 and 1988, Morton
International Inc. (formerly Thiokol
Corporation), under the supervision of EPA,
sampled the soil and ground water to determine
the nature and extent of the remaining
contamination. The results showed that metals
and VOCs were in the ground water, and PCBs
and VOCs in the soil.
Actions:
In July 1988, a Judicial Consent Decree was
executed that required Morton International to
design and construct a system to dean the soil
and ground water. The remedy included (1)
containment of the contaminated ground water
and soil by means of a 10-inch-thick clay cap
and a subterranean slurry wall, and (2)
treatment of the contamination by a ground-
water pump and treat/soil-flushing system. By
late 1992, Morton International had completed
construction of the slurry wall and clay cap,
excavated the PCB-contaminated soil, and
installed security fencing around the site.
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Page Intentionally Blank
64
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Helen Kramer Landfill, Region 2
Gloucester Co., New Jersey
Status:
The landfill, closed by court order in 1981,
remains closed. Construction of a clay cap,
slurry wall, and ground-water and gas treatment
facilities have been completed. The New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection and
Energy (NJDEPE) is responsible for long-term
monitoring and maintenance of the remedy.
Results and Benefits:
Containment of hazardous materials, removal
of contaminated sediment, collection and
treatment of contaminated surface water and
leachate, and trapping of gases produced at the
site have significantly reduced the potential risk
of exposure to site-related contaminants.
Ground water is protected by preventing
rainwater from infiltrating the cap. Surface
water runoff controls prevent runoff into the
Delaware River watershed. In additon, site
access is controlled by a security fence, and long-
term monitoring by the NJDEPE wiE ensure the
continued effectiveness of remedial actions.
Background:
The Helen Kramer Landfill, located 5 miles south
of Woodbury, New Jersey, encompasses a 65-
acre refuse area with three leachate collection
ponds and an 11-acre stressed vegetation area.
Approximately 1,500 people live within a mile
of the site; 10,000 people live within 3 miles.
Several occupied dwellings are at or near the
site boundary. Ground water provides drinking
water for some residents, but most rely on public
water supplies. Surface water is used for crop
irrigation. The eastern boundary of the site is
a tributary that drains into the Delaware River
watershed. The landfill was originally a sand
and gravel excavation operation; however, in the
early 1960s, landfill operations began
simultaneously with sand excavation. Several
types of wastes were deposited at the landfill,
including septic, municipal, hospital, and
industrial wastes. Industrial wastes include
sludges, waste oils, solvents, chemical
intermediates, pesticides, plastics, acids and
bases, heavy metals, catalysts, and paint and
pigments. The waste is believed to be more than
50 feet thick in most areas. The bulk of wastes
were disposed of directly into the landfill, not in
containers.
The landfill ceased operation in 1981 as a result
of a court-ordered closure. An underground fire
at the site in 1981 burned for about 2 months,
emitting noxious fumes to surrounding areas.
Ground-water sampling has showed that the
underlying aquifer is heavily contaminated with
organic compounds (trichloroethanes, benzene,
toluene, and phenols) and inorganic compounds
(arsenic, iron, and magnesium). la addition,
VOCs and heavy metals have been found in air,
sediments, soil, surface water, and the wetlands
on the site. The site was added to the NPL in
1983.
Actions:
Extensive containment efforts included:
» Construction of a clay cap over the site
to prevent rainwater from spreading the
buried contaminants;
65
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Helen Kramer Landfill, Region 2
(Continued)
Dewatering, excavation, and filling of • Installation of a security fence
leachate ponds and lagoons; surrounding the site; and
Construction of an upgradient slurry • Implementation of a monitoring program
containment wall to prevent ground water to assess the effectiveness of the
from entering the site; remedies.
Construction of a ground-water/leachate
collection trench and collection and In addition, nearby residents were relocated
treatment of the ground water/leachate when 14 real estate parcels were obtained, and
collected from the trench; two private residences were moved. The New
Construction of an active gas collection and Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
treatment system; and Energy is responsible for long-term
Implementation of surface water controls; maintenance of the remedial activities.
66
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Katonah Municipal Well, Region 2
Bedford, New York
Status:
Remedial actions to construct a new production
well, plug and abandon the Katonah well, and
begin operation of a new water treatment facility
are complete and have eliminated risks at the
Katonah Municipal Well site. Ground-water
treatment by the newly built water treatment
facility will continue until established cleanup
goals for the site are met.
Results and Benefits:
The well, which supplied drinking water for
6,200 residents, was shut down quickly in
December 1978 by county and State health
officials, thus minimizing exposure and potential
health risks. The town tied into an alternate
water supply. Later cleanup measures
undertaken by the town and EPA prevented the
contamination from migrating to the Muskoot
Reservoir and Katonah Brook, which supply
drinking water for New York City.
Background:
The Katonah Municipal Well site is located in
the Village of Katonah in the Town of Bedford in
Westchester County, New York. The well is
located on a peninsula that extends into the
Muskoot Reservoir, which supplies drinking
water to New York City.
In the fall of 1978, the discovery of contaminants
in a well supplying the nearby City of Brewster
prompted the Westchester County Department
of Health to survey a number of drinking water
wells in the area. Samples taken from the
Katonah Well revealed the presence of
halogenated organics, including
tetrachloroethylene, at levels exceeding State
standards.
Several sources of the contamination were
identified. The New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation traced the
contamination to the disposal facility of a waste
hauler who had coEected wastes from the septic
systems of dry cleaners in the Village of Katonah.
Also, sampling data later confirmed claims that
Bedford town employees had dumped waste
solvents down a sewer drain less than 100 feet
from the Katonah Well.
Actions:
In September 1987, the selected remedy
included installing a new production well, filling
and sealing the existing Katonah well,
constructing a new water treatment facility, and
monitoring. In June 1988, EPA entered into a
Consent Order with the Town of Bedford to
implement the technical design for the cleanup
remedies. In September 1988, EPA issued a
Unilateral Administrative Order to the other four
potentially responsible parties (PRPs), the dry
cleaning establishments. In July 1989, EPA
entered into a Consent Decree with the Town of
Bedford to clean up the site.
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68
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NFL SITE
FACT SHEET
Krysowaty Farm, Region 2
Hillsborough Township, New Jersey
Status:
The site was deleted from the National Priorities
List (NPL) in 1989. Deed restrictions remain in
place for the 1-acre former dump site to prohibit
the installation of drinking water wells and
future residential development Of the 42 acres
at Krysowaty Farm, only a 1-acre parcel cannot
be developed for residential use; this parcel is
now occupied by a plant nursery.
Results and Benefits:
All known wastes and contaminated soil have
been removed from the 1-acre illegal dump site.
Homes in the area are now connected to a
municipal water supply,
Background:
The Krysowaty Farm in Hillsborough Township
was reportedly used as a midnight dump site
for construction debris, tires, and drums of
hazardous wastes from 1965 to 1970.
Approximately 500 drums of paint, pesticides,
and dye wastes were allegedly dumped, crushed,
and buried on the site. Local residents became
concerned when they smelled chemical odors
in their well water. The New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection and Energy found
the ground water to be contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Actions:
The Township provided bottled water to the
residents threatened by the contamination until
the homes could be connected to a public
supply. The Township, acknowledging the
negative influence of the dumpsite, lowered
property taxes for 68 nearby homes during the
time remedial activities occurred. EPA extended
the Elizabethtown Water Company water main
to the affected residences. In August 1985, the
site was fenced to protect potential trespassers
during the cleanup. The site cleanup included
excavating and removing 13,700 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and wastes to an approved
hazardous waste disposal facility. EPA chose
the least traveled routes for the trucks carrying
the contaminated soil and waste, and
distributed maps of the routes to the community
in advance. Following the soil excavation and
removal, the site was backfilled, covered with
clean soil, and reseeded.
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70
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Lodl Municipal Well, Region 2
Bergen County, New Jersey
Status:
EPA has determined that No Action is necessary
to address the contamination that remains at
the Lodi Municipal Well, The radionuclides
present at the Lodi Municipal Well site have been
determined to be naturally occurring and,
because the well is no longer being used for
water supply purposes, an emergency does not
exist. Remedial action is not necessary to ensure
protection of human health and the environment
from nonradiological compounds at the site
because the concentrations of those compounds
in the ground water do not pose an unacceptable
risk. However, because ground water in the area
has been found to contain sporadic
contamination that is regional in nature, EPA
has recommended that the ground water not
be used for potable water supply purposes
without appropriate treatment.
Results and Benefits:
Human health has been protected by closing
the Lodi Municipal Well and providing Lodi
residents with an alternative source of drinking
water.
Background:
The Lodi Municipal Well site consists of 11
municipal wells that previously were used to
provide drinking water to the Borough. One well,
Garfield Avenue, was closed in 1981 due to
volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination.
In 1983, the Home Place Well was found to have
elevated levels of radioactivity and was closed
by the Borough, based on the recommendation
of the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection and Energy (NJDEPE). Testing by
the State in 1985 revealed tap water to be
contaminated with VOCs. The remaining wells
were tested and found to be contaminated; all
the wells were closed by 1987. Approximately
95 percent of Lodi's drinking water now are
supplied by the Passiac Valley Water
Commission, and the remainder is purchased
from the Hackensack Water Company.
Approximately 24,000 people live in Lodi and
depended on these wells for their drinking water.
The Saddle River flows through the Borough,
but it is not used for recreation or fishing. Lodi
is situated between the Hackensack and Passaic
Rivers.
Actions:
The initial action occurred during the 1980s,
the Borough of Lodi dosed 11 weEs, based on
sampling data from the NJDEPE and the Lodi
Water Department. The Borough of Lodi
currently obtains potable water through private
water supply companies. The Lodi Municipal
Well is not utilized as a source of potable water.
No further actions are required.
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72
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
M & T DeUsa Landfill, Region 2
Ocean Township, New Jersey
Status:
Operations at the M fit T DeLisa Landfill ceased
in 1974, and it was closed under New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) requirements. A shopping center was
subsequently built on the site and is still in
operation. Although there is no significant
contamination due to the release of hazardous
substances which are attributable to the site,
EPA recommends that environmental controls
be implemented to address potential solid waste
issues. The Record of Decision (ROD) for the
site was signed on September 20, 1990, and
states that the site should be addressed by the
authorities designated to dose and monitor solid
waste landfills. Current State statutes regulate
post-landfill closure ground-water and surface
water monitoring requirements. It is EPA's
understanding that the NJDEP plans to
implement and maintain environmental controls
at the site to address potential problems
associated with solid waste disposal. However,
these measures are not necessary to mitigate
any current threat of exposure to hazardous
substances regulated by CERCLA. The site was
deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL) in
March 1991.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial investigation (RI) demonstrated
that the landfill is not a source of significant
concentrations of any hazardous substances.
A conservative assessment of risk attributable
to the release of hazardous substances from the
landfill indicates that the current risk posed by
the site is within an acceptable range. Ground-
water quality in the aquifer underlying the site
does not appear to have been significantly
impacted by hazardous substances, and ground
water in the deeper aquifer is not anticipated to
be at risk as a result of past disposal practices
at the site. It was determined that the landfill is
not the source of detectable levels of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in the Seaview
Square Mall, located onsite. Concentrations of
VOCs in the Mall are not outside the range of
VOC concentrations typically found in other
indoor spaces. Environmental controls were
implemented during construction of the Mall to
ensure protection of human health. Additional
controls may be implemented by NJDEP to
ensure continued protection.
Background:
The M&T DeLisa Landfill site is located in the
southeastern corner of Monmouth County, in
Ocean Township, New Jersey. The former M&T
DeLisa Landfill occupied approximately 32 acres
of the 132-acre site. The landfill operated from
1941 through 1974 under a NJDSP permit.
There is no documented evidence that the landfill
was used for disposal of hazardous wastes. The
parcel currently contains the Seaview Square
Mall, the Seaview Movie Theater complex, and
the Acme Supermarket. Approximately 2,300
people live within a 1-mile radius of the site.
Approximately 1,200 people obtain drinking
water from wells within 3-miles of the site. Deal
Lake is less than a mile away and is used for
recreational activities.
The landfill was closed in 1974 in accordance
with NJDEP requirements. After closure, an
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M & T DeLisa Landfill, Region 2
(Continued)
investigation of the landfill area was undertaken,
and subsequently the Seaview Square Mall was
constructed on 30 acres of the former landfill.
Construction of the Mall was completed in 1977.
An W was performed in 1984 and 1988 under
EPA oversight. No feasibility study was
conducted because the RI indicated that no
further remediation was necessary under
CERCLA. The site was listed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983; it was
deleted in March 1991.
Actions:
Construction of the Mall was completed in 1977,
and environmental controls were implemented.
The area to be built on was excavated and filled
in with clean soil capable of supporting the
buildings. A clay barrier was placed between
the underlying soil and fill material to prevent
migration of landfill gas to the buildings and to
act as a barrier to ground water/leachate flow.
Passive barrier control vents were also
constructed to prevent the migration of landfill
gas. The Mall's utility corridors were
constructed with all utility lines in one narrow
corridor and by compacting the soil to reduce
permeability. The stormwater collection system
was designed to segregate stormwater and
leachate. A leachate collection system was
installed to intercept ground water/leachate flow
towards a nearby brook which is then collected
in a tank and discharged to a POTW. The
surrounding parking lot acts as a low
permeability cap, reducing the volume of
rainwater available for leachate generation.
Additional environmental controls that may be
implemented to address potential solid waste
issues include the following: continued
monitoring of surface and ground water;
modification of the deed to restrict the future
use of onsite ground water; continued operation
and maintenance of the existing leachate
collection system; continued use and
maintenance of all onsite gas vents; sealing of
cracks in building floors and walls of the Mall
that are in contact with subsurface soil;
improvement and maintenance of the detention
ponds; venting of the north corridor area of the
Mall; and periodic indoor and outdoor air
monitoring.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
Monroe Township landfill. Region 2
Monroe Township, New Jersey
Status:
All remedial actions at the site have been
completed. The site is dosed with imposed deed
and land use restrictions. Ground-water
monitoring will continue to ensure that
environmental conditions do not change.
Ownership has been transferred to the
township. The site is currently a dosed landfill.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the site's Superftind status, the
land surrounding the site was initially lowered
in value. As a result of the deanup, this land is
currently undergoing rapid development.
Residential areas are being built in the
surrounding lots. Developers acted quickly in
purchasing the land for future use as
condominiums, duplexes, and single-family
homes. Surface remediation goals have been
achieved.
Background:
This 86-acre landfill operated between 1955 and
1978 before it was closed due to leachate
overflowing into a nearby street. In 1979, the
State obtained a court order against the present
owner to halt the seepage. The leachate was
found to be contaminating streams which drain
from the landfill area and seep into the
Englishtown and Magothy aquifers. The
surrounding land use is residential and
agricultural. The site was placed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983.
Actions:
Sampling events at the site have included soil
borings and the installation of 19 ground-water
monitoring wells to determine if any offsite
migration is occurring. Construction of soil
erosion and sediment control devices were
completed in June 1991 and approved by the
State to May 1992. As an Interim Remedial
Measure, the leachate lagoon (onsite) was
replaced with an underground storage tank
system in October 1991 and is presently
operational. A standby generator and a fence
around the site were also installed in October
1991. Soils found to be contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals
were consolidated and capped onsite.
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Page Intentionally Blank
76
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Old Bethpage landfill, Region 2
Old Bethpage, Nassau County, New York
Status:
In April 1986, all landfill and incineration
activities ceased. Current operations at the site's
parent complex consist of the town's scalehouse,
solid waste transfer station, recycling program,
clean fill disposal site, gas collection and venting
system, power generating facility, leachate
collection and treatment system, ground-water
treatment system, and a vehicle maintenance
garage. The site itself is currently a closed
landfill. Construction of the selected remedy is
complete. The ground-water treatment system
is expected to require 10 years of operation to
meet the cleanup goals. Operation and
maintenance and monitoring are required for
all components of the remedial system.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy is expected to comply with
the applicable or relevant and appropriate
requirments (ARARs) for soil, gas, leachate, and
ground water. Long-term health protection is
achieved by hydraulic control of the
contaminated ground-water plume to protect the
downgradient public supply wells. The
placement of the clay cap over the landfill serves
to reduce the potential for exposure to the waste
materials within the landfill and also to reduce
the quantity of leachate generated. The leachate
collection and treatment system controls the
migration of the leachate and improves the water
quality of the leachate so that it can be
discharged to a publicly owned treatment work
(POTW). The gas recovery system contains the
migration of methane and other gases within
the boundaries of the landfill.
Background:
The Old Bethpage Landfill site is a 72-acre
inactive municipal landfill located in Old
Bethpage, Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County,
Long Island, New York. It is part of the Oyster
Bay Solid Waste Disposal Complex (OBSWDC),
a larger sanitary landfill complex. The Town of
Oyster Bay began processing and disposal of
municipal waste at the site in 1957, accepting
incinerator ash and residues from burning of
municipal waste in two onsite incinerators, as
well as garbage and trash. From 1968 through
1978, liquid and solid industrial process wastes
and damaged drums containing organic
residues were disposed of at the landfill After
1978, metal hydroxide sludges were the only
industrial waste disposed of at the landfill.
In 1979, local, State, and Federal investigations
indicated that disposal of industrial waste at
the facility could lead to volatile organic
compound (VOC) contamination of local
drinking water wells. Methane gas was also
detected in the subsurface soil, onsite and
offsite. The site was listed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) on September 8, 1983. All
landfill and incineration activities stopped in
April 1986. The remedial investigation and
feasibility study (RI/FS) was completed in Jury
1987. The results indicated the presence of a
leachate plume containing inorganic compounds
and halogenated and nonhalogenated VOCs.
A residential community is located to the
northwest of the landfill, and an industrial park
that includes the Claremont Polychemical
Corporation Superfund site is located to the
77
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Old Bethpage Landfill, Region 2
(Continued)
northeast. Bethpage State Park is located to
the south, west, and east of the landfill. The
Nassau County Fireman's Training Center is
located to the south of the landfill. Two public
drinking water well fields are in the general
vicinity of the landfill, Plainview Well field f 5 to
the north and two Fanningdale wells to the
south-southeast. Ground-water flow is to the
south-southeast.
Actions:
Prior to the NPL listing, the Town of Oyster Bay
had already initiated several remediation
activities at the OBSWDC. A system designed
to collect and treat leachate has been operating
at the site since 1983. A methane gas collection
system was installed in 1982 to monitor and
prevent migration of gas beyond the property
boundary. In 1984, an 18-inch clay cap was
applied to 29 acres of the landfill. In May 1984,
the Town agreed to complete and continue to
operate the existing remediation systems, and
to undertake the RI/FS, which was completed
in 1987.
The selected remedy consisted of the following
major components:
* Installation, operation, and maintenance
of ground-water recovery wells, a
ground-water treatment plant, and an
effluent discharge system to collect,
treat, and recharge ground water;
• Capping of remaining uncapped areas
of the landfill;
* Enhancement of the existing leachate
collection system;
• Enhancement of the existing gas
collection system;
• Monitoring to determine the
effectiveness of each remedial system
component; and
• Post-termination monitoring to ensure
continued compliance with ARARs after
shutdown of the remedial treatment
systems.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
Pomona Oaks Residential Wells, Region 2
Galloway Township, New Jersey
Status:
The Pomona Oaks Residential Wells site includes
a residential development and a shopping center.
The selected remedy specified in the Record of
Decision (ROD) issued on September 26, 1990,
was to take no remedial action under the
Superfund program. No operation and
maintenance are required at the Pomona Oaks
Residential WeEs site. The contaminants in the
ground water dispersed naturally over time, so
no remedial action was necessary. A 5-year
review is not required. Furthermore, the ground
water being used by the residents of the Pomona
Oaks area (from the municipal water supply) is
not contaminated; there is no need to determine
whether the remedy remains protective.
Results and Benefits:
The immediate threat to the Pomona Oaks
residents was removed by the installation of the
alternate water supply in 1985, and the
exposure pathway was eliminated by sealing all
residential wells in the subdivision. The results
of the remedial investigation (RI) showed that
the high concentrations of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) present in the ground water
below the Pomona Oaks subdivision in the 1982
through 1985 time period significantly
decreased to below drinking water standards.
It has been concluded that the source of the
contamination was a singular event, such as a
leak or spill, and that the resultant ground-water
contamination dispersed over time through
natural attenuation and/or biodegradation.
Background:
The Pomona Oaks Residential Wells site includes
a residential subdivision and an adjacent
shopping center in the Pomona area of Galloway
Township, in Atlantic County, New Jersey.
Atlantic City is located 10 miles to the southeast.
The Pomona Oaks subdivision contains about
200 single family homes built in the 1970s and
has a population of approximately 800 to 1,000.
Another residential area, Pinehurst, is located
to the southeast of the site and has a population
of approximately 1,000. The surrounding area
is residential and commercial, including several
shopping centers. Nearby businesses include
a dry cleaner and a gas station. In June 1982,
Pomona Oaks residents complained of foul
tasting well water to the Atlantic County Health
Department (ACHD),
Sampling results showed high levels of benzene,
1,2-dichloroethane, and other VOCs that
exceeded New Jersey drinking water standards.
Subsequently, the entire subdivision was
connected to the municipal water supply. The
site was added to the National Priorities List
(NPL) on June 1, 1986. Remedial investigation
and feasibility study (RI/FS) field work was
conducted from October 1988 to March 1989.
No contaminants were found at levels exceeding
New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection (NJDEP) Soil Cleanup Objectives. No
migration pathway in soil has been identified
for the chemicals detected at the Pomona Oaks
site. Ground water is the primary pathway of
contaminant migration documented at the site;
79
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Pomona Oaks Residential Wells, Region 2
(Continued)
however, sample results from all monitoring
wells were within State and Federal Drinking
Water standards. Although several other VOCs
have been found in the ground water of the
Pinehurst area, their origin is not believed to be
related to the Pomona Oaks site.
Actions:
All homes in the Pomona Oaks subdivision were
connected to the public sewer system by 1982.
In August 1985, all homes within the Pomona
Oaks subdivision were connected to the
municipal water supply. The existing wells were
sealed and abandoned between November 1985
and January 1986. A new production well was
also developed (completed in October 1987) to
serve as a supplemental supply well.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Ringwood Mines/Landfill, Region 2
Passaic County, New Jersey
Status:
The landfill was closed by the State in 1976.
Since the late 1980s, the Potentially Responsible
Party (PRP), Ford International Services, Inc.,
has conducted removal activities that have
included the removal of over 8,400 cubic yards
of surfieial paint sludge, contaminated soil, and
buried drums containing wastes. The PRP,
under EPA supervision, is conducting a
monitoring program for ground water and
surface water that will continue for at least 5
years and up to 30 years. Portions of the site
are currently being used for residential and
commercial purposes, as well as being used as
a closed landfill.
Results and Benefits:
Cleanup activities have removed the sources of
contamination to ground water and surface
water and, as a result, the potential risk to
human health from site-related contamination
has been reduced. Soil remediation goals have
been achieved. A public drinking water supply
has been protected. Natural attenuation
processes are expected to reduce ground-water
contamination levels to levels below health-
based levels.
Background:
The site is located in the Borough of Ringwood.
The site is about 1/2-mile wide and 1 1/2-miles
long and consists of forested areas, open areas
overgrown with vegetation, abandoned mine
shafts and surface pits, an inactive landfill, an
industrial refuse disposal area, small surfieial
dumps, a municipal recycling center, the
Ringwood Borough garage, and approximately
50 private homes. The area around the site is
primarily residential. Approximately 20 water
supply wells draw water from the bedrock
aquifer, which also supplies a few residences
and industries in the area. Approximately
13,000 people live in Ringwood Borough. The
Wanaque Reservoir provides drinking water to
about 650,000 people.
Iron ore mines have been operated on the 500-
acre Ringwood Mines/Landfill Site as early as
the 1700s. Mining ended at the site in the early
1900s, and the nature of activities at the site
from then until the late 1930s is unclear. The
site was purchased by the U.S. Government
prior to 1940 and later was sold to a succession
of owners. Wastes have been disposed at the
site since the 1960s. Two abandoned mines,
Peter's Mine and Cannon Mine, had been filled
with garbage over the years, and Peter's Mine
also contained paint sludges, solvents, and
scrap metal. Several drums were observed in
Cannon Mine.
From 1967 until 1974, Ringwood Realty, one of
the former owners, deposited waste products
for Ford Motor Co., including car parts, solvents,
and paint sludges, on the ground surface and
in abandoned mine shafts. In 1970, Ringwood
Realty began operating a permitted municipal
disposal area on 290 acres in the southern
portion of the site.
The landfill was closed by the State in 1976 after
it was determined that leachate coining from
the landfill was contaminating surface water.
Ground water beneath the site discharges to
surface streams and the Wanaque Reservoir,
G1
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Ringwood Mines/landfill. Region 2
(Continued)
located 1/2 mile southwest of the onsite sludge
disposal area. Based on the 1982 sampling of
ground water taken from Peter's Mine shaft,
which contained moderate amounts of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals,
the site was listed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1983.
Actions:
From 1987 to 1990, Ford International Services,
Inc., removed 8,400 yards of surflcial paint
sludge containing lead and arsenic from four
onsite areas and disposed of it offsite. In
addition, areas potentially containing buried
metal objects were identified. A total of 61
drums were discovered and subsequently
disposed of offsite. Subsequent to the removal
actions, sampling of site media was initiated and
included: confirmatory sampling of soil, with
excavation and offsite disposal of soil determined
to be contaminated; and ground water, surface
water, and wetlands monitoring. Backfilling of
the soil was also conducted. The PRP has begun
long-term ground-water and surface water
monitoring that is scheduled to last a minimum
of 5 years and up to 30 years.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
South Brunswick Landfill, Region 2
South Brunswick Township, Middlesex County New Jersey
Status:
The South Brunswick Landfill was closed in
December 1978 pursuant to a closure order from
the New Jersey Department of Environment and
Energy (NJDEPE). All work required to control
the source of contamination was completed in
September 1985. The site is covered with grass
and entirely enclosed with a fence. An onsite
leachate pretreatment system was constructed
in 1993 to reduce leachate iron concentrations
prior to discharge to the municipal sewerage
system. Operation and maintenance of the site
is under the direction of the State. Ground-
water monitoring will be conducted for a period
of at least 30 years and is the responsibility of
the Potentially Responsible Party (PRP).
Results and Benefits:
The remedy is protective of human health and
the environment through onsite containment of
wastes. The remedy has successfully prevented
direct contact with the landfill waste, prevented
surface water infiltration, and mitigated leachate
migration. There has been a visible
improvement to the surrounding environment
because of the reduced leachate flow into
surrounding wetlands and surface waters. The
water quality of the leachate has also been
improved by pretreatment, and the integrity of
the remedial action has been protected by the
fence.
Background:
The South Brunswick Landfill site occupies
approximately 68 acres and is located on New
Road approximately 1/2 mile northwest of U.S.
Route 1 in Middlesex County, New Jersey. The
site was used for more than 20 years as a solid
waste landfill, accepting municipal refuse,
pesticides, chemical wastes, and hazardous
wastes. The landfill was registered with the
NJDEPE on August 19, 1970. princeton
Disposal Service, Inc. (a predecessor to BFI of
South Jersey, Inc.) purchased the property in
May 1973. The site was officially closed on
December 31,1978, pursuant to a closure order
from NJDEPE. EPA conducted an investigation
of the South Brunswick Landfill site in June
1980. Elevated levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) were found in the ground
water and in the surface water. The site was
placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
December 1982. Most of the land surrounding
the site is wooded. A private residence is located
adjacent to the site; a school and a park are
located directly across New Road; and a housing
development has been constructed north of the
site. The City of New Brunswick occasionally
draws water from an intake 10 miles
downstream of the site for drinking water.
Ground water flows in a southeasterly direction,
and the nearest public ground-water supply is
approximately 1 mile north of the site.
Actions:
BFI of South Jersey, Inc., as the owner and
operator of the landfill since 1973, was identified
as Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) and has
been responsible for cleanup activities. All work
required to control the source of contamination
was completed in September 1985, and the
leachate treatment facility was completed in
1993.
fi<*
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South Brunswick Landfill, Region 2
(Continued)
The remedy selected was comprised of the
following activities:
• Construction of a slurry wall along the
site perimeter,
• Construction of a multi-layer cap (clay,
sand, and soil, covered with vegetation)
over the entire site;
• Construction of a leachate collection and
treatment system designed to intercept
ground water/leachate flow within the
contained landfill area pump to the
onsite pretreatment facility, and
discharge it to the municipal sewerage
system;
Construction of a series of permeable
gas ducts throughout the top of the main
fill areas to vent any methane gas
buildup within the landfill;
Installation of a fence along the entire
landfill perimeter to restrict the access
and ensure the integrity of the remedial
action;
Implementation of a. post-remedial
monitoring program to evaluate the
effectiveness of the remedial action for
30 years and assess the impacts of offsite
migration of contaminants; and
Operation and maintenance to ensure
the continued effectiveness of the
remedial action.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Suffern Village Well Field, Region 2
Town of Ramapo, New York
Status:
A "No Action" alternative with natural
attenuation and monitoring was the remedy
selected in the Record of Decision (ROD). No
operation and maintenance activities are
required. Only a limited monitoring program is
required because the contaminant plume is
attenuating, and the granular activated carbon
wastewater treatment system installed by
Suffern Village has virtually eliminated the
possibility of exposure. Future reviews will be
conducted by EPA in conjunction with the New
York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC) at least every 5 years
until no hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants remain at the site above levels
that limit use and restrict exposure. The
Tempcon Corp., a small oil burner conditioning
business, operates at the site. The affected wells
have been shut down.
Results and Benefits:
The first-year ground-water monitoring program
met the objectives of tracking the existing plume
and acting as an early warning system for
potential elevated contaminant levels at the
Suffern Village wells. Monitoring results
indicate that the contaminant plume is
attenuating, and support the conclusions of the
Suffern Aquifer Model predictions. Further, the
low levels of contamination in the production
wells are subsequently eliminated in the
granular activated carbon wastewater treatment
system installed by Suffern Village. All
monitoring data indicate that the remedy
selected in the ROD is protective of human
health. The NYSDEC monitoring program will
assure that the ROD objectives will continue to
be met in the future.
Background:
The Suffern Village Well Field site is located in
the Town of Ramapo, in Rockland County, New
York, approximately 0.25 miles north of the
border with New Jersey. The 30-acre site
includes a municipal water supply well field
operated by the Village of Suffern, and the
Tempcon Corp. facility approximately 2,500 feet
from the well field which was the source of the
contamination. The site is approximately 2,500
feet north of the confluence of the Ramapo and
Mahwah Rivers and lies in a flood area. The
Village operates four production wells that
supply water to a population of approximately
12,000 people. Contamination of the well field
was first detected in tap water collected from
the municipal distribution system in September
1978.
Subsequent monitoring confirmed that ground
water had become contaminated with TCEA, a
volatile organic compound (VOC) with several
industrial uses. Three village wells had TCEA
levels above the State guideline; the wells were
shut down in December 1978. Water supply
demand was met by the remaining well with
levels below the guideline. Tempcon Corp. is a
small oil burner reconditioning business. In
December 1978, the Rockland County
Department of Health (RCDOH) tentatively
identified Tempcon Corp. as a user of TCEA-
based solvents and a potentially responsible
party (PRP). Tempcon disposed TCEA into a pit
on its property.
The site was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL) on June 1, 1986. The remedial
investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) were
performed by NYSDEC from April 1986 through
-------
Suffern Village Well Field, Region 2
(Continued)
August 1987. The only pathway found to be of
concern was ground water, bearing TCEA and
degradation products, migrating southward
from Tempcon Corp. and the E-well location.
The ROD was issued on September 25, 1987,
with a "No Action" alternative selected based on
the conclusion that contaminant levels were
naturally attenuating and that the Suffern
Aquifer Model predicted continued decreases in
contaminant levels down to 1 ppb within 10
years and below 5 ppb within 4 years. A
monitoring program was developed to verify the
predicted results of the model. Monitoring
showed widespread distribution of chlorinated
VOCs throughout the study area, but
contaminant concentrations were generally very
low. Most VOC concentrations have dropped
since the RI/FS.
Actions:
Several actions were implemented as a result of
the contamination of the well field. In 1979,
the contaminated soil was excavated, aerated,
and then backfilled. The State guidelines were
decreased for TCEA, so the Village of Suffern
was required to upgrade its existing treatment
system to meet the new standards. A granular
activated carbon adsorption unit and an
activated carbon adsorption unit were added to
the system. Levels of TCEA have not exceeded
the limit of 5 ppb since the spring of 1990 when
the system began operating. Consequently, the
scope of the monitoring program was reduced
by the NYSDEC.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Tabernacle Drum Dump, Region 2
Burlington County, New Jersey
Status:
Construction for this site has been completed.
Responsible parties will conduct ground-water
treatment under a Judicial Consent Decree. The
site is currently vacant.
Benefits and Results:
Chemicals illegally dumped on a privately owned
lot near an Agricultural Preservation District
have been removed. Surface removal has been
completed, removing the threat posed by direct
exposure. A ground-water treatment system
currently under design will safeguard water used
for agriculture.
Background:
The 1-acre site is located within an area
designated as the Pinelands Agricultural
Production Area, a national reserve operated
jointly by State and Federal agencies for
agricultural purposes. Residential use is
restricted. The area's primary crops are
cranberries and blueberries.
Between 1977 and 1982, drums filled with
chemicals including volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
were illegally dumped on this privately owned
lot. Many of the containers were severely
corroded and leaked their contents. State and
county regulators found about 200 hazardous
waste containers and visible soil contamination.
In 1984, through an Administrative Consent
Order, the responsible parties conducted a
surface cleanup of the site, removing surface
soil and containers. The site was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1984.
Actions:
In 1985, EPA initiated a remedial investigation/
feasibility study (Rl/FS). The RI/FS was
completed in June 1988. The Record of Decision
(ROD) required treatment of the contaminated
ground water by air stripping and other
appropriate technologies to meet Federal and
State requirements. A Judicial Consent Decree
to finance, design, construct, operate, and
maintain this selected alternative was signed
in September 1989 by the United States
Department of Justice. Currently, air strippers
are on-line treating the ground water. The
presence of the adjacent Pinelands Agricultural
Area affects the required cleanup levels and
places additional constraints on the treatment
alternative.
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Page Intentionally Blank
88
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Tronic Plating Co., Region 2
Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New York
Status:
Construction is complete, and "No Further
Action" is required at the site. Sediment and
soil removal activities were carried out in 1993
by the Potentially Responsible Party (PRP),
Commerce Holding Company, Inc., under EPA's
supervision. Confirmatory sampling showed
that contaminant concentrations were reduced
to an acceptable level. No additional monitoring
or 5-year review is required, because no
hazardous substances remain at the site above
health-based levels. A portion of the site is now
used for warehouse and eye lens manufacturing
purposes.
Results and Benefits:
The onsite sources of contamination have been
cleaned up, thereby reducing the potential risk
to human health and the environment. The
removal of contaminated sediments and soils
reduced the already low threat of exposure
through ingestion and dermal contact. The
removal activities have resulted in the removal
of cadmium and other metals from the
contaminated onsite storm drains, sanitary
leaching pool, and drywell, addressing the
localized plume of cadmium in the ground water.
This action also achieved the removal of lead
and chromium and any other potential ground-
water contaminants from the Tronic Plating site.
Background:
The Tronic Plating Co. site is located in a
commercially developed area of Farmingdale, in
the Town of Babylon, Suffolk County, Long
Island, New York. The National Priorities List
(NPL) site is approximately 1/2 acre of a 2 1/2-
acre lot, and includes the southeast comer of a
building owned by Commerce Holding Company,
Inc. Tronic Plating Co. operated at this location
from 1968 to 1984, providing electroplating and
metal protective coating services for the
electronics industry. The facility was serviced
by four industrial leaching pools, one sanitary
leaching pool, and one drywell (a former sanitary
leaching pool that was disconnected from the
building). Three onsite storm drains and two
overflow drains are located in the driveway
adjacent to the building and the front lawn.
During its operation, the facility discharged
industrial wastes into the sanitary leaching pool,
the four underground leaching pools, and
allegedly into the storm drains.
New York State issued a Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System Permit to Tronic Plating in
1980. In November 1983, the facility pumped
out the contents of the industrial teaching pools,
cleaned and backfilled them in preparation for
moving out of the building, and.connected the
building to the Suffolk County municipal water
supply, to 1984, Tronic relocated its operations
to Nassau County, In 1984, NYSDEC conducted
a preliminary inspection of the Tronic Plating
Co. site. Tests conducted by the New York
Department of Health (NYSDOH) in 1985
detected heavy metals including copper, silver,
iron, zinc, lead, chromium, and cadmium in the
leaching pools and the storm drain. The site
was placed on EPA's NPL for Superfund cleanup
on June 10, 1986.
The building space where Tronic Plating Co.
formerly operated is now occupied by three small
companies. Light industrial businesses
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Tronic Plating Co., Region 2
(Continued)
surround the site to the north, west, and
northeast, while the Piiielawn Cemetery is
located to the south and southeast. Most local
industries discharge their wastewater to ground-
water infiltration systems, thereby impacting the
ground-water quality of the area. Ground water
supplies the water needs of the entire population
of Suffolk County, about 16,000 people in the
area use ground water as their sole source of
drinking water. The nearest municipal well field
is located partially downgradient at 0.9 miles
southwest of the site, and another municipal
supply well is located 2.4 miles south
(downgradient) of the site. Private wells exist
in the site vicinity; most are used for irrigation
or for process and cooling water. The nearest
private well used for drinking water services an
office at the St. Charles Cemetery partially
downgradient at 0.9 miles south-southwest of
the site. The population within a 1-mile radius
of the site is estimated to be about 1,800 people.
The closest residences are located approximately
1,000 feet east of the site. An industrial school
is located 3/4 mile northeast of the site.
Actions:
Phase I and Phase II investigations were
conducted at the site between 1989 and 1992
and showed elevated levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and metals. Based on these
investigations, sediment and soil from
contaminated areas (onsite storm drains,
sanitary leaching pool and drywell) were
removed. The drywell was also excavated, and
stormwater was removed. A total of 230 cubic
yards of contaminated soil were removed from
the site and shipped to hazardous waste
landfills. This work was required by an
Administrative Order of Consent that was
carried out by Commerce Holding Company, Inc.
under EPA supervision. Field work began on
July 22, 1993, and was completed on August
13, 1993. A 5-year review is not required for
the Tronic Plating Co. site because subsequent
sampling confirmed that no hazardous
substances remain at the site above health-
based levels. EPA has determined that its
response at this site is complete.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill, Region 2
Cumberland County, New Jersey
Status:
Residential use of wells in the vicinity of the site
has been discontinued. Residents have been
connected to a public water supply system. It
was determined that no further remedial action
was required at the Upper Deerfield site.
Because ground-water contamination did,
however, exist in the vicinity of the Upper
Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill, and
because low levels of hazardous waste will
remain on site, continued sampling is necessary
to monitor the overall air and ground-water
quality in the area. The site is currently an
inactive landfill.
Results and Benefits:
In 1986, in response to the ground-water
contamination problem, the residents of Upper
Deerfield Township were connected to a public
water supply system, thus removing any
immediate health risk to the residents posed by
the ground water. Data obtained during the
remedial investigation have shown that the
ground-water and soil contamination associated
with the Upper Deerfield Township site no longer
poses a health threat under current or likely
future land use conditions. Consequently, no
additional action is required pursuant to the
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as
amended, and the National Oil and Hazardous
Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP).
Background:
The Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill
site is an inactive landfill covering 14 acres on a
23-acre tract of land. The site originally was
used as a gravel pit from 1938 to 1960, when
the Township purchased 12 acres; the
remaining acreage was purchased by the
Township in 1977. The property was operated
as a municipal landfill licensed to accept normal
household waste until it closed in 1983. In
1980, residents became concerned over the
quality of their water and, in response to
requirements by the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection and Energy, the
Township installed three monitoring wells. The
County sampled residential wells and the
monitoring wells and found them to be
contaminated with mercury and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). In 1983, the State and the
County advised residents to discontinue using
their wells, and the Township began supplying
he affected residents with bottled water. In
1986, utilizing funds provided by the State of
New Jersey, the Township installed a public
water supply well and distribution system to
provide potable water to residents in the area.
Approximately 100 people live within a mile of
the site, and the nearest residence is about 100
feet away. Upper Deerfield Township has a
population of approximately 6,800 people.
Monitoring will continue at the site.
Actions:
In January 1980, in response to compaints
about water quality from residents using private
ground-water wells, the Township installed three
monitoring wells at the landfill. In December
1983, Upper Deerfield Township began
supplying affected residents with bottled water.
In 1986, utilizing funds provided by the State of
New Jersey, the Township installed a public
Q1
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Upper Deerfield Township Sanitary Landfill. Region 2
(Continued)
water supply well and distribution system to
provide potable water to residents in the area.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Vineland State School, Region 2
Vineland, New Jersey
Status:
The New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection (NJDEP) performed several remedial
activities at the Vineland State School site in
1988, including removal of polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) contaminated soil, capping the
area, and installing a fence. The selected remedy
for the site was to take no further action under
the Superfund program, as specified in the
Record of Decision (ROD) issued in September
1989. Because sporadic low levels of subsurface
soil contamination exist at the site, a program
to monitor ground water at the former disposal
areas was implemented, and measures have
been taken to ensure that the soils will not be
disturbed. A review will be performed within 5
years to evaluate the selected remedy. The State
of New Jersey is responsible for maintenance of
the cap and fence. The school facility still
operates at the site.
Results and Benefits:
Actions taken by the NJDEP reduced the levels
of PCB contamination at one subsite, the asphalt
cap has reduced the .threat from soil contact,
and the fence protects the integrity of the cap.
Investigation of the other four subsites failed to
detect any significant contamination. Ground
water is currently not contaminated by site-
related substances and is not expected to be
contaminated in the future; however, a public
water suppty was extended to service homes in
the vicinity of the site. A program to monitor
ground water and the existing disposal areas
has been implemented and a 5-year review will
be conducted to ensure that the selected remedy
remains protective.
Background:
The "Vineland State School, now known as the
Vineland Developmental Center (VDC), is a
treatment facility for mentally handicapped
women operated by the New Jersey Department
of Human Services. The school, located on 195
acres, has been in operation since the late
1800s. Approximately 1,300 residents are
enrolled. Investigations by the NJDEP, EPA, and
the City of Vineland began in March 1980 after
employee allegations of improper disposal of
hazardous materials. Five distinct subsites were
investigated, based on the allegations. Two
subsites were known landfill areas, two others
were alleged chemical waste disposal areas, and
the final subsite was the location of a
transformer spill. Only subsite 2, the
transformer spill, was found to be contaminated
to any significant degree. Drinking water came
from two weEs on VDC property up until 1970
when the facility began to receive water from
the City of Vineland. The site was added to the
National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983.
The remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/
PS) report was completed and released on
September 8,1989.
Extensive investigations were conducted at five
subsites of the school Surface soils contained
background levels of pesticides, chromium, and
mercury, and sporadic elevated levels of PAHs
and lead. Subsite 1 consisted of a landfill that
accepted waste from the 1920s to the late 1950s
and an unregulated incinerator. Low levels of
mercury were found in residential wells near
subsite 1. RI sampling and subsequent
investigations yielded results for ground water
and soil at levels below Federal and State
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Vineland State School, Region 2
(Continued)
Drinking Water Standards and soil samples
below the interim New Jersey Soil Action Levels.
Subsite 2 was a storage area for three electrical
transformers that were removed in the mid-
1970s. During removal, a spill of PCB-
containing transformer fluid occurred, and
subsequently, it was spread over a 1-acre area
by natural processes and routine activities.
Subsite 3 was used by the school as a garbage
dump for ten years, up until 1963, at which
time the area was backfilled and an athletic field
was built on the site. Subsite 4 is a former gravel
extraction area that was also used as a New
Jersey Department of Transportation
maintenance yard. It was not found to contain
significant levels of any contaminants. Subsite
5 is an open field previously used for agricultural
purposes. Allegations of illegal dumping of
pesticides at subsite 5 were not confirmed; there
was no need to restrict access to this subsite.
Actions:
Subsite 2, the transformer spill area, was
cleaned up by NJDEP in 1988. The cleanup
included the removal of nearly 4,000 tons of
PCB-contaminated soil. Soil contaminated with
PCBs at levels above 5 ppm, was removed to a
hazardous waste landfill, and remaining soil, at
levels between 1 and 5 ppm, was covered with
an asphalt cap. Fencing was installed around
this area as a security measure. Low levels of
mercury were found in residential wells near
subsite 1, and all affected homes were connected
to the public water service by 1984; however,
subsequent sampling showed acceptable levels.
The landfills at subsites 1 and 3 were closed
with a foot of soil and vegetated. Subsite 4, a
former gravel pit, did not contain significant
levels of any contaminants, so no actions,
operation, or maintenance are required. There
was no need to restrict access to this subsite
because illegal dumping of pesticides at subsite
5 was not confirmed.
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Su
UND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wide Beach Development, Region 2
Erie County, New York
Status:
As a result of remedial action, threats posed by
widespread polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
contamination in the small Wide Beach
community have been mitigated. The site is
being used as a residential community.
Results and Benefits:
An innovative treatment technology successfully
reduced residual PCB levels in excavated soils
to target levels. Homes and vacation properties
in the area have returned to normal market
value. The aggregated market value of 22 owner-
occupied homes at Wide Beach is now estimated
at more than $1.3 million. Additional benefits
that enhance property values in the community
include newly paved roads and driveways, re-
landscaped yards, and a new sewer system.
Background:
Located in what was once a popular vacation
spot, the 55-acre Wide Beach Development in
Brant, New York, is now a small lake-side
community where only 60 homes are occupied
on a year-round basis. Environmental problems
for the area began in 1968 when waste oil was
applied to dirt roads as a means of dust control.
Not knowing that the oil sometimes contained
PCBs, the community continued this practice
for nearly 10 years. Consequently, simple acts
such as driving or walking along a roadway
brought the contamination into private yards
and homes. The contamination was spread even
more when residents used soils excavated from
roadsides during the installation of a new sewer
line as fill for their yards and other areas
throughout the community. High levels of PCBs
were present in the air, road dust, homes, and
cars. Fortunately, only trace levels of PCBs were
found in water samples taken from private wells.
The adverse health effects resulting from PCB
exposures can range from skin rash to severe
illnesses involving liver damage and central
nervous system disorders.
Action:
As an emergency action, the EPA provided
temporary pavements to the contaminated
roadways and driveways; decontaminated
homes by vacuuming, rug shampooing, and
replacing air-conditioning and furnace filters;
installed filters on individual drinking water
wells; and repaired a storm drain to alleviate
flooding problems.
For the long-term remedial scheme, EPA elected
to treat the contaminated soil using an
innovative treatment technology, the anaerobic
thermal process (ATP), that was originally
developed for application in recovering crude oil
from tar sands and oil shales.
Results from a pilot study showed that PCB
concentrations in soils treated by ATP were
reduced from more than 1,000 parts per million
(ppm) to less than 10 ppm.
For the Wide Beach cleanup, the temporary
pavements were removed, and the underlying
soils, including soil in private yards, were
excavated and treated using the ATP. Soils were
then returned to their previous location.
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Wide Beach Development, Region 2
(Continued)
ATP is well-suited to treatment of PCB-
contaminated soils. The soil is initially heated
to evaporate moisture and light, oily materials.
Then, in an oxygen-free zone, the soil is exposed
to very high temperatures (approximately 950
to 1150°F). Under these conditions, heavy oils
and PCBs are vaporized, allowing these organic
contaminants to separate from the soil particles.
The contaminant stream is recovered and
condensed. The concentrated PCBs can then
be chemically destroyed.
Although EPA developed and distributed fact
sheets and held several public meetings to keep
the community abreast of ongoing activities and
to explain the technical aspects of the selected
plan, some residents remained concerned over
possible exposures from disturbed areas. To
these citizens and to the residents whose homes
were rendered inaccessible because of the
excavations, EPA offered the option of temporary
relocation.
The innovative ATP treatment technology was
successful in lowering the PCB levels to less than
2 ppm. The technology was thorough, fast, and
cost-effective. Approximately 40,000 tons of
contaminated soil were treated from September
1990 to September 1991. In addition, the
innovative approach resulted in a permanent
solution which did not necessitate containment
or the transfer of hazardous waste from one
location to another.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wilson Farm, Region 2
Plumsted Township, New Jersey
Status:
The removal action has effectively eliminated the
source of contamination at the site. As a result,
the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection and Energy (NJDEPE) has
determined that no further remedial action is
necessary at the site. However, because
contaminants were detected in the ground water,
surface water, and sediments, a limited
monitoring program wiE be implemented.
Results and Benefits:
Human health has been protected by the
removal of chemical and industrial waste
materials from the Wilson Farm site. Results of
the quantitative risk assessment using the
Hazard index approach show that the site media
currently do not pose any significant
noncardnogenic risk to human health. Under
current conditions the site media do not pose
any significant, carcinogenic risk to human
health. Based on ecological risk assessments,
site-related contaminants should have no
significant impact on plant of animal species
on and around the site.
Background:
The 438-acre Wilson Farm site is one of seven
similar "Plumsted" sites located within 20 square
miles of Plumsted Township. Four of these sites
are listed on the National Priorities List (NPL).
Through an agreement with the site owner,
Thiokol Chemical Company allegedly disposed
of bulk liquid and drummed wastes on 10 acres
of this site. The wastes were dumped on the
surface in the late 1960s and early 1970s; there
is no evidence of buried materials. Inorganic
chemicals were found in drinking wells near the
site in 1987.
The site is not fenced or posted, and there is
evidence that the area is used for hunting and
recreation. Approximately 1,900 people live
within a 3-mile radius of the site, and 300 people
live within a mile. The residents rely on private
wells for drinking supplies. The closest drinking
water well sampled was approximately 1,500 feet
from the site.
Actions:
The previous remediation activity at the Wilson
Farm included the removal of drums and the
excavation and removal of sludge, solid wastes,
and contaminated soil have reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminants at the
WJlson Farm site while further studies of site
contamination were taking place.
The major components of the no action remedy
are: implementation of a 5-year monitoring
program involving ground water, surface water
and sediments to verify that any residual
contamination remains below levels of concern.
97
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98
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Witco Chemical Corporation, Region 2
Oakland, New Jersey
Status:
EPA has determined that no further remedial
action is necessary to ensure protection of
human health and the environment at the Witco
Chemical Corporation site in Oakland, New
Jersey, "flic removal of contaminated soil and
sludge in 1987 and 1988 appears to have been
effective in remediating the principal threats
associated with the site. The risk assessment
also shows that risks posed by the site are within
EPA's acceptable range and are expected to
remain so. However, because sporadic ground-
water contamination has been detected, a
limited ground-water monitoring program will
be implemented to ensure that this no remedial
action decision continues to be protective of
human health and the environment. The site
now qualifies for Inclusion in the "sites awaiting
deletion* subcategory of the "construction
completion* category of the National Priorities
List (NPL). The site does not contain hazardous
substances above health-based levels, so the 5-
year review does not apply. Witco still operates
a technical research facility at the site.
Results and Benefits:
Monitoring of the Oakland Public Water Supply
System has shown no evidence of site-related
contaminants. The pathway with the highest
risk potential is residential ingestion of ground
water from the upper aquifer; however, the risk
associated with each of the pathways falls within
or below the acceptable range. No adverse
health impacts would be expected from
migration based on the current industrial use
of the site. Samples from Hopper Lake showed
no significant levels of contamination. Based
on the ecological risk assessment performed for
the site, site-related contaminants should have
no significant impact on the plant and animal
species on and around the site. Thus, the
removal actions conducted at the site removed
the source of contamination and reduced
contaminants to levels that are within the
acceptable risk range. Monitoring has ensured
that levels remain protective of human health
and the environment.
Background:
The Witco Chemical site is a 9-acre site located
in the McBride Industrial Park in Oakland, in
western Bergen County, New Jersey. Witco
Chemical Corporation has owned and operated
a technical research facility for the development
of specialty chemicals at this location from 1966
through the present. The property is bordered
by Hopper Lake and a housing development.
The Borough of Oakland has a population of
approximately 13,000 people; 5,000 people live
within 1 mile of the site. With the exception of
one residential weE, the area downgradient from
the site is supplied by a municipal water supply
system. A large portion of the site is a building
and a parking lot; therefore, the site does not
provide high-quality habitat for wildlife. A
freshwater wetland is located near the site.
Until 1984, the company neutralized laboratory
waste water in a 2,000 gallon underground acid
neutralizing tank, and then discharged it to a
series of underground seepage pits. In March
1982, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection and Energy (NJDEPE)
performed an inspection at the facility for
compliance with the New Jersey Water Pollution
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Witco Chemical Corporation, Region 2
(Continued)
Control Act. In April 1982, NJDEPE issued a
directive requiring that Witco take measures to
cease the unpermitted discharge of industrial
waste waters to ground water at the site. In
July 1982, NJDEPE further directed Witco to
submit a plan for the elimination of the
discharge of industrial waste waters into ground
water and to study possible soil and ground
water contamination at the site. Further
sampling and ground-water monitoring in
November 1982 revealed that the ground water,
soil, and sludge were contaminated with
petroleum hydrocarbons and various organic
compounds. An EPA investigation of the site
was conducted in August 1985, detecting 2-
butanone, dieldrin, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, and
benzo(a)pyrene. The site was placed on the NPL
in September 1989. The remedial investigation
was conducted from August 1990 through the
spring of 1992.
Actions:
In February 1984, Witco replaced its
underground seepage pit system with a 6,000
gallon capacity fiberglass tank. This tank is now
used for accumulation of laboratory waste
waters prior to offsite disposal. Remedial
activities were conducted at the site from
November 1987 through January 1988 and
included excavation and disposal of
approximately 720 cubic yards of contaminated
soils, removal of sludge and seepage tanks, and
offsite disposal of fourteen 55-gallon drums of
sludge. These actions were performed
voluntarily by Witco and reduced contaminants
to levels within the acceptable risk range.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Andor Chemical Corporation, Region 2
Bradford, New York
Status:
This emergency removal action was completed
in 1990. The site is currently inactive and
vacant. Within the past year, inquiries have
been to purchase the property for reuse. None
of these inquiries, however, has resulted in the
sate of the property, possibly due to the presence
of friable asbestos that remains on the site.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the prompt removal action, over
12,000 containers that included hazardous
materials were disposed of, removing the threat
of fire and/or explosion from the community.
Background:
Andor Chemical Corp. was a mail-order
chemical supply company that operated out of
a three-story former school building in the rural
town of Bradford, New York. The population
within 1 mile is approximately 500 people, with
the nearest residence within 100 feet. The
former school structure is in poor structural
condition with little or no electricity, water, heat,
or fire prevention devices. The owner/operator
lived in a basement classroom while the
business operated. In excess of 2,000 different
chemicals are known to have been stored
haphazardly onsite. These chemicals included
flammable solvents, highly unstable acids, and
phosphorus. Additionally, the building contains
disintegrating asbestos fiber which, in case of
fire, would be released into the environment.
In 1985, during an inspection by the State, two
spills of an unknown material were seen running
into a drain within the building. In December
1987, material picked up from Andor Chemical
by a trash hauler began to smoke. The material
was placed in an overpack drum and taken away
for proper analysis and disposal under the
supervision of the State. In 1989, two samples
from the drum were classified as hazardous.
Because the residents were worried, several
town meetings were held to discuss the dangers
they felt were associated with the site. In late
1989, as a result of meetings and general
concern, an emergency plan was introduced
by the local officials. The essence of this plan
was that if the building caught fire, the town
would be evacuated and the structure would be
left to bum to the ground.
Actions:
EPA became involved in 1990 at the request of
town, county, and State officials. An inspection
by EPA prompted a swift emergency removal
action. The business was ordered closed by a
Federal Judge, who ruled that the operation
posed a threat to the environment and to the
Bradford community, and the chemicals were
removed offsite. A portion of the usable and
stable chemicals were donated to local industries
and institutions, while some were disposed of
in an approved facility or safely detonated.
Within 48 hours of the announcement that this
site posed an immediate threat to the safety of
the town and the environment, cleanup began.
The soil, septic system, and nearby wells were
tested, but none showed contamination. The
entire removal activity took approximately 3
months.
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Andor Chemical Corporation, Region 2
(Continued)
The Town of Bradford enacted regulations that
would ban the storage, repackaging, recycling,
and receiving of bulk chemicals within the town.
These regulations were passed in an effort to
prevent the facility from reopening.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Arkansas Chemical, Region 2
Newark, New Jersey
Status:
Removal activities have been completed. The
site has changed ownership, and the building
onsite has been made suitable for occupancy.
Results and Benefits:
The fire threat to the community and the threat
of neighborhood exposures to potentially
hazardous combustion products have been
removed. Flooded areas have been dried out,
and the industrial property has been returned
to marketable condition. Several interested
parties have bid on the property. EPA negotiated
an agreement with the City of Newark that would
transfer funds generated by the sale of Arkansas
Chemical property back to EPA. The value of
the property is estimated at over $2 million.
Background:
After several fires had occurred on the site of an
abandoned textile manufacturing facility, it
became obvious to EPA that actions must be
taken before something more serious happened.
This was especially urgent because the area was
readily accessible to the public, as evidenced
by the graffiti and vandalism. The site is located
in an active industrial park in a densely
populated area of Newark and is within 200
yards of the intersection of two major interstate
highways, one of which is the heavily traveled
New Jersey Turnpike.
EPA's assessment of the situation indicated that
several thousand drums and bags of
miscellaneous chemicals were unsecured and
that the flooded building basements contained
a mixture of contaminated runoff and dissolved
chemicals. Additionally, loose asbestos from
earlier plant installations was found along with
several unidentified compressed gas cylinders.
Actions:
EPA immediately secured the site, quickly
minimizing the most severe risks of public
exposure to the solvents and materials, and
preventing future vandalism. Subsequently, the
assorted drums and bags of materials and the
radioactive materials that were discovered were
disposed of offsite. The basements were pumped
and the effluent was treated and disposed of.
In all, over 20,000 drums, containers, and bags
of hazardous waste were removed from the site.
Also removed were over 100 cubic yards of
asbestos, 5 unknown compressed gas cylinders,
15,000 gallons of contaminated liquid, and
several radioactive ampules. Reference books
and laboratory glassware found onsite were
donated to the Newark Board of Education.
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Page Intentionally Blank
104
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Atlantic Resources Corporation, Region 2
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Status:
The site has been Inactive and unoccupied since
the owners of Atlantic Resources Corporation
filed for bankruptcy in 1985. The entire site is
fenced, and all removal actions were completed
on July 28, 1988. Remedial actions will
continue at this site in conjunction with the
adjacent Horseshoe Road Superfund site.
Results and Benefits:
By eliminating the potential sources of contact
and securing the site from acts of vandalism,
EPA has protected the surrounding population
from accidental contact with hazardous
materials and lessened the threat of a fire and/
or explosion causing a release of chemicals to
the environment. Chronic releases of oily
substances from the facility have been stopped,
thus sparing ground-water and surface water
resources.
Background:
The abandoned facility is on 4.8 acres in a
remote industrial area approximately 300 feet
southeast of the Raritan River. The facility was
used for various industrial operations including
solvent reclamation, hazardous waste
incineration, and precious metals recovery. The
site is adjacent to three other abandoned
Superfund hazardous waste sites: Atlantic
Development Corporation, the Sayerville
Pesticide Dump, and the Horseshoe Road Dump.
At least 40 homes are within a 1-mile radius,
and several hundred are within a 2-mile radius.
All homes and businesses in the area are on
public water supply.
The northwest edge of the facility borders a
marsh that leads to the Raritan River. A
drainage ditch originating on the facility bisects
the marsh and flows directly to the river. Before
and after the facility was abandoned, there was
a chronic discharge of waste oil into the Raritan
River. In August 1985, the State began
maintaining sorbent padding in the drainage
ditch to minimize the environmental impact of
surface runoff. In addition to the oil discharge,
a substantial threat of chemical release existed
from chemical storage areas on the site. Some
of these areas included an outdoor open vat of
acid, five 30-gallon drums of 98 percent sodium
cyanide, 65 containers of laboratory reagent
chemicals, 8 incinerators, 1,700 pounds of zinc
powder, and approximately 300 containers of
unknown chemicals.
During the winter of 1986, mercury spiEs were
observed at two locations at the facility.
Investigators estimated that approximately 70
pounds of mercury had been released. The State
also conducted a study that found elevated levels
of dioxin contamination in soil. Prior to the
commencement of removal activities at the site,
EPA was called in to provide technical support
and guidance.
The most immediate concern was direct
exposure of hazardous substances to humans.
The facility exhibited many signs of human entry
true
-------
Atlantic Resources Corporation, Region 2
(Continued)
and trespass. Food containers were observed
in office sections of the building, most of the
windows to the building were broken, and flies
were scattered over floors and desks. Because
drums and other containers of hazardous and
potentially hazardous materials were located
throughout the building and facility yard,
trespassers could easily come in contact with
these agents. A fire or explosion at the facility
could have triggered significant airborne
exposure and contamination to businesses and
residents located downwind from the site.
Actions:
During late July 1987, while EPA finished
sampling and analysis procedures, an elastomer
substance and the surrounding soil were
excavated from the southern perimeter of the
site, 15 cylinders were transported offsite for
treatment/disposal, and additional sample
volumes were collected where required. All
samples were analyzed for peroxides, oxidizers,
air/water reactivity, and cyanides.
Disposal coordination began by January 1988.
Special measures had to be taken when
handling the drums due to sub-freezing weather.
At this time, over 16 different wastestreams had
been identified. Sodium cyanide was separated
from other "unknown" cyanides. The contents
of the thawed drums were consolidated into their
respective wastestreams. The unknown cyanides
group was sent for analysis to determine
possible mercury contamination. In addition,
acids were bulked, base neutral solids were
bulked into 30 cubic yard roll-offs, drums were
overpacked as necessary, and materials were
sent to approved offsite disposal facilities for
treatment/disposal.
During these activities, the EPA On-Scene
Coordinator (OSC) coordinated with numerous
EPA branches. These groups assisted the OSC
with public relations, legal matters, coordination
of removal activities with future remediation,
and determination of the RCRA compliance
status of potential offsite disposal facilities. By
close interaction between the different EPA
branches, the OSC was able to effectively reduce
the threat of fire and/or explosion, and expedited
the removal of hazardous and potentially
hazardous materials from the site.
Continued remedial actions at this site will be
performed in conjunction with activities at the
adjacent National Priorities List (NPL) sites.
These include waste characterization, ground-
water sampling, and treatability studies.
106
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Forest Glen, Region 2
Niagara Falls, New York
Status:
Removal activities and resident relocation have
been completed. Long-term remedial actions
are expected to follow at this site. Site access
will be restricted until a sufficient level of
cleanup is achieved.
Results and Benefits:
Approximately 150 people living in the Forest
Glen subdivision were potentially at risk due to
the presence of cancer-causing chemical wastes
buried in the soil. While EPA gathered and
analyzed data for the site, potential exposure to
residents was minimized by temporarily
relocating families and busing the children
offsite, 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, to area
camps and daycare facilities. The Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) offered
residents competitive settlements to
permanently relocate, starting in June 1990.
The relocation was complete in December 1992,
eliminating further exposure.
Background:
Beginning in the 1950s, this formerly wooded
wetlands area was used for waste disposal. In
the eariy 1960s, the area was cleared and a creek
was rerouted. Disposal activities continued
during the 1960s and early 1970s. In 1973,
the property was subdivided and developed into
51 mobile home properties and two permanent
residences. The neighborhood population grew
to 150 people, with other residential and
industrial areas becoming established nearby.
In June 1980, the Niagara County Health
Department responded to a complaint
concerning the presence of drum tops and
resinous material on one residence at the site.
Sewer and water line workers had also
encountered resinous and powder-like waste,
drums, and batteries when working in the area.
Actions:
Results of an EPA site investigation were sent
to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, which concluded in July 1989 that the
site was a significant health threat because of
the cancer-causing chemicals found beneath it.
The site was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL) on November 15, 1989. Residents
were urged to relocate temporarily. After further
site contaminant analysis, FEMA began offering
comparable housing to residents to relocate
permanently. To minimize exposure to the
contaminated areas, EPA undertook an
innovative response at the site. Over the course
of a year and a half, older Forest Glen children,
when not in school, were bused away from the
site to participate in various day camps and
younger children were taken to daycare facilities.
Fifty-one trailers and two permanent homes
have been purchased by FEMA to ensure that
the residents are not exposed to carcinogenic
chemicals found in and around these homes
during the remedial activities that will follow. A
chain-link fence was completed in early
September 1993 that limits the possibility of
accidental contact with contaminated materials.
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Page Intentionally Blank
1O8
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Franklin Burn Sites, Region 2
Gloucester County, New Jersey
Status:
All tiine-critical removal measures have been
completed as of June 1993. The Franklin Bum
sites are currently under consideration for
inclusion on the National Priorities List (NPL).
Results and Benefits:
Removal activities have succeeded in mitigating
the threat to pubEc health posed by the potential
for contact with hazardous substances located
at the sites. In addition, removal and offsite
disposal of contaminated ash and soil have
eliminated the potential for further migration of
contaminants into the environment. Removal
activities were coordinated with the EPA
Remedial Program as part of the Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM).
Background:
The Franklin Burn sites include seven separate
sites, all located in Franklin Township, New
Jersey. The sites were used for illegal burning
of insulated electrical wire and electrical
components, possibly including transformers
and capacitors, for the recovery and sale of
copper. The burning operation, which occurred
in the late 1970s through the 1980s, resulted
in the generation of ash piles containing
hazardous substances at each site. Hazardous
substances identified include heavy metals (lead,
zinc, and copper), polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), dioxins, and furans.
The sites are located within an area of
approximately 1 square mile. Of the seven sites,
three are located adjacent to private residences.
The remaining sites are located in undeveloped
nonresidential areas, but are easily accessible
by the public. EPA determined that the seven
sites presented a threat to public health and
the environment due to the nature of the
contamination, the proximity of the sites to
residential dwellings, and the potential for
migration of the waste into the ground water
and sensitive wetlands areas. To mitigate the
threats, time-critical removal actions were
implemented at each site.
Actions:
Actions conducted during the time-critical phase
of the project included securing and stabilizing
each of the seven sites to prevent direct
contact with hazardous substances and to
minimize the potential for offsite migration of
contaminants. These tasks were accomplished
through the excavation and offsite disposal of
contaminated soil or through consolidation,
stockpiling, and covering of wastes onsite.
Approximately 4,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil/ash were transported for
disposal from Franklin Bum sites 4, 5, 6, and
7. At Franklin Burn sites 1, 2, and 3,
approximately 5,500 cubic yards of
contaminated soil were excavated, stockpEed,
and covered pending further investigation.
Included in this action were the collection and
laboratory analysis of more than 5,000 soil
samples. The results of the sample analysis
were used to identify pre- and post-cleanup
conditions. The time-critical removal actions
at the seven sites were completed, including
10Q
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Franklin Bum Sites, Region 2
(Continued)
restoration of four of the sites in less than 8 activities. These investigations will include the
months. characterization of the stockpiled contaminated
soil/ash, ground-water, and surface water
The site is under consideration for inclusion on quality. Treatment and/or disposal of the
theNPL. EPA is currently further characterizing material will be performed following
site conditions that have not been fully characterization and development of
investigated as part of the time- critical removal alternatives.
HO
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Friendship Drive Site, Region 2
Brookhaven, New York
Status:
This removal action was completed on February
28, 1989. The Suffolk County Department of
Health Services (SCDHS) continues to monitor
wells in adjacent areas for possible
contamination,
Benefits and Results:
The threats posed by carcinogenic chemicals
found in over 100 private wells were abated
through this removal action. Exposure
pathways include ingestion and inhalation.
Background:
The Friendship Drive ground-water
contamination site is located in the Rocky Point
section of the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk
County, New York. The area is largely
suburban/residential and is boarded by the
Long Island Sound to the north. The area was
not serviced by either a public or private water
supply system.
From January through September 1986, the
SCDHS sampled approximately 396 private
wells. The sampling indicated chemical
contamination of 206 wells, 21 of these
exceeding EPA's 10-day health advisory level of
175 parts per billion (ppb) of tetrachloroethylene
and an additional 23 wells exceeding the New
York State Department of Health potable water
guidelines of 100 ppb of total organic
compounds. The primary contaminant found
was tetrachloroethylene, but the source of
contamination was not known at the time of
original sampling.
Actions:
In February 1986, the SCDHS requested funding
from the New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) through
provisions of CERCLA to procure a safe drinking
water supply for the residents in the risk area.
On March 10,1986, EPA received a request from
the NYSDEC for an EPA removal action at this
site. A removal action was approved and on
March 26, 1986, EPA initiated bottled water
delivery to 47 homes. In September 1986, the
Region 2 Administrator granted additional
funding authorization for a removal action under
CERCLA to provide a permanent, safe potable
water supply system. The Action Memorandum
called for the installation of a water main and
water service to homes in the affected area under
the Cleanup Services (ERCS) contract.' Through
ERGS, local construction of the water main grid
system was started in October 1987. A total of
11,048 linear feet of ductile iron, cement-lined
water mains were constructed with 16 fire
hydrants for fire protection. All work was done
*A delay of several months was experienced because of litigation between two water providers over franchise rights in
the area. During this period of time, EPA extended the bottled water delivery to approximately 100 additional homes in the
affected area. To avoid further delay in the construction of water mains to the area, EPA decided to use the ERCS zone
contractor to construct a water distribution system exclusively within the Friendship Drive risk area. Both water companies
involved with the litigation were willing to allow the project to go forward on this basis. This agreement circumvented a
court order obtained by one of the parties of the lawsuit that had prevented EPA from proceeding with earlier installation.
Ill
-------
Friendship Drive Site, Region 2
(Continued)
tander EPA's ERCS. A subcontractor was hired
to Install the water mains and extend service
lines to each property line where service
connections were located. In November 1987,
EPA accepted Suffolk County Water Authority's
(SCWA's) offer to provide water and operate the
Friendship Drive grid system at no cost. Each
home required individual meters and service
connections. Water meters were furnished and
connected by SCWA at no cost to EPA. The City
of Brookhaven assisted with costs for street
repaving after installation of the water mains.
The action was completed in 1989. In all,
approximately 150 homes were tied in to the
water system. SCDHS continues to monitor
wells in the adjacent areas for possible
contamination.
112
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Pulton Terminals, Region 2
Oswego County, New York
Status:
Emergency removal activities have abated
surface soE contamination. Remedial activities
continue on the site to treat contaminated
ground water. The site is currently listed on
the National Priorities List (NPL) and is closely
associated with the Pollution Abatement
Services Superfund Site also in Oswego, New
York.
Results and Benefits:
The threat of direct contact with PCB-
eontaminated soil has been eliminated. Ground
water, used as a drinking water source, and the
nearby Oswego River have been spared the
potential of offsite contaminant migration. The
EPA also recovered most of its past cleanup and
oversight costs. An innovative settlement
strategy resulted in over $4 million in cleanup
work performed by 59 of the 60 parties
responsible for the site contamination.
Background:
Fulton Terminals is a 1.6-acre tank farm
bordering the Oswego River in upstate New York.
The site is located in an urban area; about
13,000 people live within 3 miles. During the
operational lifetime of Fulton Terminals, tanks
stored and transported millions of gallons of oils,
wastes, and sludges. From 1972 to 1977, Fulton
Terminals was a staging and storage area for
hazardous waste materials scheduled for
incineration at the Pollution Abatement Services
site. Both sites are on the NPL.
Tank leaks and spillage that occurred while the
site was active contaminated the ground water
and soil as well as the Oswego River sediments.
The pollutants identified were primarily volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals (such
as arsenic, barium, chromium, and lead), and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
While the site has long been surrounded by
fences and warning signs, birds and small
animals faced potential health effects from
contact with the contaminated soil or ground
water. Site runoff periodically subjected the
nearby Oswego River to contamination, a
potential risk for swimmers and those eating
fish from the river.
Actions:
In 1981, the owners of the site initiated a
voluntary cleanup after receiving a citation for
not meeting Federal and State standards for
the operation of a hazardous waste facility.
They emptied and removed four storage tanks,
but abandoned the cleanup in 1983 after being
fined by the State for using an unlicensed
hauler of PCBs. The site was listed on the NPL
in 1983.
When EPA identified obvious soil contamination
at Fulton Terminals, investigators quickly
determined that site conditions presented an
imminent and substantial endangerment. The
contamination mav have resulted from leaks
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Fulton Terminals, Region 2
(Continued)
or spills when the site owners were conducting
transfer operations.
In 1986, the Superfund team immediately
undertook cleanup actions that:
• Secured the site by installing fences
around the contaminated area;
• Excavated and removed about 300 cubic
yards of contaminated soil and tar-like
waste;
• Removed all remaining storage tanks;
and
• Partially removed and plugged a storm
and sewer pipe leading to the Oswego
River.
After EPA's actions eliminated immediate threats
at the site, the State assumed responsibility for
the long-term cleanup, hi June 1987, the State
released its proposed site cleanup plans calling
for wastes to be excavated and incinerated.
Negative public comments over the initial study's
thoroughness led the State to resample the site,
and a new report issued in 1988 recommended
capping of site contaminants.
In response to public concern over the
completeness of the State's study, EPA decided
to take over cleanup activities in 1988 and
conducted a supplemental site study. Its
extensive analysis completed in 1989
complemented the State's existing site
information and provided sufficient data for
a final remedy selection. A public meeting was
conducted to discuss the proposed plan for long-
term cleanup. The remedy includes excavating
and cleaning approximately 4,000 cubic yards
of soil. The treatment involves heating the
contaminated soil to vaporize contaminants,
which are then collected in specially designed
filters. The remaining treated soil will then be
put back in the excavated areas onsite. The
remedy also calls for the long-term extraction
and filtration of polluted ground water.
114
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Hicksville MEK Spill, Region 2
Hicksville, New York
Status:
The Planned Removal Action has been
concluded for this site. Followup monitoring
has shown no residual contamination.
Benefits and Results:
The sole contaminant of concern in this incident
was methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), a highly water-
soluble volatile organic compound (VOC). This
removal action represents the first EPA field
action involving the use of High Temperature
Air Stripping for removing VOCs from ground
water. This action also included the first use of
biodegradation in a removal action by Region 2.
Background:
Approximately 4,800 gallons of MEK were
discharged on February 17, 1982, at a
warehouse in Hicksville, New York. The tanker
truck containing the chemical overturned in the
warehouse parking lot after a section of the
asphalt surface collapsed. The MEK spilled onto
the ground, saturating the soil below, and the
remainder entered four dry wells on the
premises. This area in Long Island acts as a
recharge area for two aquifers.
Actions:
Hicksville Fire Department firefighters diked the
spill site and pumped approximately 5,000 to
8,000 gallons of water containing fire retardant
foam onto the spill. The On-Scene Coordinator
(OSC) estimated that over 100,000 gallons of
water had been sprayed to minimize the danger
of fire and/or explosion. This later may have
impeded the cleanup effort because the
excessively diluted MEK made it more difficult
to retrieve and/or treat.
In the hours following the spill, the responsible
party (RP) and its outside contractor began
cleanup of the site. By that evening, 8,180
gallons of water and foam contaminated with
MEK had been removed from the parking lot
and the dry wells. The following day, 30 drums
of soil contaminated with MEK, water, and foam
were collected onsite. Measures were also taken
to prevent rainwater from entering the dry wells
and further contaminating the subsurface,
On February 18, the RP was requested to
complete the cleanup within 2 weeks; however,
Nassau County was advised on February 24 that
the RFs cleanup activities had been terminated
at the request of its insurance carrier and the
property owner. In a letter dated March 1, the
RP's attorney disavowed his client's
responsibility for the spill. On April 20, 1982,
the Nassau County Department of Health
requested cleanup assistance from the New York
State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC).
A Federal EPA Fund Authorization Request to
support an Immediate Removal Action was
denied because there was no evidence that the
spill would reach the aquifer beneath the site.
In June, notice letters were sent from EPA's
Enforcement Branch to the RP.
1 IK
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Hicksville MEK Spill, Region 2
(Continued)
In September, a test well showed significant
concentrations of MEK in the soil and in the
aquifer, A revised application for an Immediate
Removal Action was also denied because no
immediate impact on human health could be
shown. The Region was advised to request a
Planned Removal Action and to continue to
pursue the RP through Administrative Orders
(AOs).
In response to an AO issued by EPA, the RP
began work in late 1982, only to stop again in
early 1983 at the behest of its insurance carrier.
In March 1983, EPA and NYSDEC agreed to
jointly fund a Planned Removal Action. Funding
was approved in June 1983, and work began
on design and testing of the High Temperature
Air Stripping (HTAS) device. Onsite construction
of the HTAS began in May 1984. In July, the
system became operational and continued on a
24-hour-per-day schedule until October 7, when
funding for the Removal Action ran out.
Toward the end of the Planned Removal Action,
biodegradation was incorporated into the project
as a final measure to remove any remaining MEK
in the ground water. Concentrations of up to
200 mg/L MEK are easily biodegradable using
domestic wastewater as the source of microbial
seed. Preliminary studies with water samples
from the Hicksville site showed that the addition
of trace nutrients and glucose produced a
million-fold increase in the density of the
indigenous bacteria. Concomitantly, a 99.98
percent reduction in MEK concentration was
seen in these samples.
Introduction of nutrients into the ground water
to stimulate degradation of the MEK was
approved by the NYSDEC on July 30. Four
surface wells and four deep wells were used to
inject 24,000 gallons of nutrient solution into
the ground between September 1 through 10.
Results of the biodegradation procedure on MEK
concentrations were not convincing. Nutrient
injection was producing an algae bloom that
subsequently clogged the heat exchanger plates
of the HTAS system, causing some down time.
Demobilization for the Planned Removal Action
was complete by November 7,1984. Monitoring
through 1986 showed no residual MEK in either
the onsite monitoring wells or downgradient.
By the conclusion of this Planned Removal
Action, approximately 5.76 million gallons of
MEK-contaminated ground water had been
treated to below the New York State criterion of
50 ppb and had been reinjected into the ground
underlying the site.
116
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Kin-Buc Landfill, Pool "C" Area, Region 2
Edison, New Jersey
Status:
The Potentially Responsible Party (PRP)
continues to maintain this site under the
supervision of the Region 2 Removal Action
Branch.
Benefits and Results:
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals,
and more than 100 toxic contaminants identified
in the ground water, surface water, sediment,
and air have been controlled by continuing
actions. Oil seepage from the landfill mound
has decreased. Remediation of an adjacent
wetlands area is planned.
Background:
The Kin-Buc Landfill in Edison Township,
Middlesex County, New Jersey, was developed
on wetlands north of the Raritan River. It is
adjacent to several industrial facilities and the
Edison Township Landfill, and borders
Edmonds Creek, a tributary to the Raritan River.
Kin-Buc, Inc., a subsidiary of Scientific, Inc.,
operated the landfill between 1971 and 1976.
At that time, the landfill was State-approved for
industrial and domestically generated wastes.
An estimated 70-million gallons of oils and
chemicals were dumped into the 22-acre landfill.
In 1976, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection revoked Kin-Buc's
operating permit for violation of environmental
statutes.
The front entrance to the facility is controlled
by a command post. An access road leads to a
fenced staging area on he southeast side. This
area is designated as a level "B* personnel
protection area due to high levels of volatile
organic compounds. Storage areas for oily and
aqueous leachate are located within the fenced
area. Near the staging area are three pits into
which the oily and aqueous leachate seep. The
oily leachate contained PCBs over 8,600 ppm.
Bordering this area is the Pool "C* area, which
is a tidal basin. The outgoing tide flows down
Edmonds Creek.
Actions:
EPA initiated legal actions in 1979, directing
Kin-Buc and other parties to take corrective
action. Late in 1979, an oE sheen was observed
in Edmonds Creek near the base of the landfill.
The leachate reportedly contained PCBs. Kin-
Buc denied responsibility by contending that
Pool C, which was the origin of the oil sheen,
was not on Kin-Buc property. Kin-Buc,
therefore, refused to take corrective measures
to stem the leachate flow or to effect cleanup of
the area.
An EPA removal action under Section 31 l(k) of
the Clean Water Act of 1977 commenced in
February 1980. A contractor was engaged to
contain the leachate from the seeps at the base
of the landfill mound. These actions continued
through December 1980; approximately 2,253
55-galkm drums of PCB-contaminated leachate
were accumulated. Contaminated solids were
removed from the site to a secure landfill for
disposal. This 311 removal action continued
until August 1981, when cleanup authority was
117
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Kin-Buc LandfiU, Pool "C" Area, Region 2
(Continued)
transferred to the CERCLA Removal Program.
In September 1980, Kin-Buc complied with part
of EPA's request by capping the landfill with a
synthetic membrane/clay cap. Thus, rainwater
was prevented from infiltrating the landfill
mound.
From December 1980 through December 1981,
EPA operated an oil/water gravity separator and
pretreatment facility to reduce concentrations
of hydrocarbons in the aqueous leachate. The
treated water was then disposed of at the local
municipal water treatment plant. Oily leachate
was disposed of at a federally approved facility
that accepted PCB contaminants at levels above
500 ppm. Sorbent booms and a filter box were
installed in 1982 to protect the marsh from
leachate oily materials and other substances.
In October 1982, Kin-Buc assumed cleanup
responsibilities under an agreement with EPA,
which continued under the supervision of the
EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC). Activities
from 1982 to the present include drilling of
monitoring wells, flow monitoring, drum
sampling, hydrogeologic investigations, drum
removal, leachate disposal, oil waste disposal
at an incineration facility, removal of solid pack
drums, air monitoring, grading operations,
aqueous pretreatment plant operation, and berm
construction.
Because Kin-Buc personnel were onsite during
Hurricane Gloria, no oil breeched the pit walls
or entered Edmonds Creek. Kin-Buc continues
to conduct cleanup operations and to dispose
of oily and aqueous leachate while formulating
a plan for ultimate cleanup or containment of
the area. Plans for a slurry wall have been
completed. Excavation of the wetland for
contaminated sediment is scheduled to begin
January 1994.
118
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Montclair/West Orange Radium Site, Region 2
Essex County, New Jersey
Status:
Remediation activities for Phase I properties
have been completed. Remediation activities for
Phase IIA properties were anticipated to be
complete by April 1994. Phase IIB remediation
is in progress and expected to be finished in
May 1995.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy will reduce, to the lowest
levels practical, the existing public health
threats posed by indoor radon and radon decay
product concentrations, indoor and outdoor
gamma radiation levels, and inhalation and
ingestion of radium-contaminated materials.
Health risks resulting from radon gas and
gamma radiation have been reduced in
contaminated houses through the use of
vent illation units and/or gamma radiation
shielding equipment.
Background:
The Montclair/West Orange Radium Site
occupies approximately 120 acres and includes
441 properties in the Towns of Montclair and
West Orange, New Jersey. The contaminated
areas are located in the eastern foothills of the
Watchung Mountains in well established
residential neighborhoods with single- and two-
family homes.
Soil in the area is contaminated to varying
degrees with radioactive waste materials (e.g.,
isotopes of radium, thorium, uranium, and lead).
The waste materials are suspected to have
originated from nearby radium processing or
utilization facilities that operated in the early
1900s. Some of the contaminated soil was
believed to be used as fill in the low-lying areas
and was mixed, in some instances, with Portland
Cement to make concrete for sidewalks.
The site was identified in 1981 as part of a
program initiated by the New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) to
investigate former radium processing facilities.
At the request of NJDEP, EPA conducted an
aerial gamma radiation survey that indicated
several areas of elevated levels of gamma
radiation. Ground investigations conducted in
1983 confirmed contamination at Montclair and
identified several houses where gamma radiation
and radon decay products exceeded acceptable
levels. The West Orange area was added to the
contamination site in April 1984.
Actions:
Remedial actions for the Montclair/West Orange
Radium Site include the following: excavation
of all radium-contaminated materials exceeding
cleanup criteria; transportation of excavated
materials to an appropriate offsite facility for
disposal; environmental monitoring; and
continuation of treatment technology studies
that may reduce the volume of radium-
contaminated materials.
Prior to the commencement of remediation
activities, EPA installed ventillation equipment
and/or gamma radiation shielding into
properties that were affected by excess radon
gas and/or gamma radiation.
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Montclair/West Orange Radium Site, Region 2
(Continued)
The remediation activities for the Montclair/ Montclair, West Orange, and Glen Ridge is
West Orange Radium Site are being conducted scheduled for completion around May 1995.
in conjunction with similar remediation at the
Glen Ridge Radium Site, Essex County, New The remainder of the sites for the Montclair/
Jersey. The remediation activities for both sites West Orange Radium Site are to be remediated
are being conducted in seven phases. Phase I in Phases III and V. Phase III contract bidding
has been completed. Phase HA, encompassing was expected in early 1994. EPA is currently
26 properties from Montclair and West Orange, completing the remedial design for the properties
was scheduled to be complete by April 1994. and assembling the construction bid package
Phase IIB, encompassing 53 properties in for Phase V.
120
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Moreland Site, Region 2
Commack, New York
Status:
This site is currently in use as a dog kennel; the
owner and manager reside on the property. This
was the 1,000th emergency hazardous waste
removal project under the Super fund program.
Results and Benefits:
The immediate risk posed by leaking cylinders
containing hydrogen fluoride was removed.
Nearby residences were spared accidental
exposure via dermal contact and inhalation.
After cleanup operations, the site remains in
use.
Background:
This 1-acre site, located in a rural area of Long
Island, is the site of a dog kennel business. The
owner and manager reside on the property. In
addition, two residences and a commercial
business are within 150 yards of this site.
The owner was improperly storing 160-pound
cylinders containing a corrosive gas that were
left on the property from a previous owner. Two
of the 30 cylinders were approximately 40 years
old, severely corroded, and leaking hydrogen
fluoride gas. This highly reactive gas is
hygroscopic and "fumes* when released into the
air. Even after being diluted to air, this gas is
extremely corrosive to the skin and eyes and
can cause severe burns which may not manifest
themselves until several hours after exposure.
High levels of exposure can lead to permanent
damage of the respiratory tract. At the site, the
tree branches above the cylinders had been
discolored. The gas sickened employees and
neighbors of the kennel and killed several caged
animals, leading local police, fire, and health
officials to cordon off and evacuate the area.
The residences of the owner and manager were
within 30 yards of the hazardous materials.
Actions:
On July 24, 1987, the State, responding to
notification by a kennel employee, requested
EPA's assistance to investigate the situation.
EPA contacted the manufacturer of the cylinders
to verify their contents. At that time, nearby
residents and 56 beagles were evacuated. To
expedite the site assessment by EPA, a Federal
On-Scene Coordinator was flown to the site via
EPA helicopter to avoid delays due to heavy New
York City traffic.
The first phase of response was to stabilize the
leaking cylinders by placing them in 55-gallon
lime-filled drums. This was done remotely,
using specialized equipment and personnel
wearing the highest level of protective gear. One
week later, onsite treatment involving a complex
neutralization process began. The acidic
material was drained through Teflon tubing to
an inground reactor vessel containing a
neutralizing solution. The design of the
treatment system allowed for the entrapment of
any vapors that would form as a result of the
heat of reaction. Both stages of the removal
action required the evacuation of nearby
residences and animals. The empty cylinders
and neutralized material were disposed of offsite
at approved treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities.
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122
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Onondaga Nation - Site B, Region 2
Onondaga Nation, Onondaga County, New York
Status:
The removal actions undertaken by EPA and a
responsible party will be complete with the
removal of approximately 120 buried barrels in
the spring of 1994.
Benefits and Results:
The major threat that was addressed by
Superfund actions at this easily accessible site
was direct contact with industrial wastes from
leaking and decomposing drums. Other
environmental threats that have been addressed
include contamination of the soil and of surface
and ground water.' Current cleanup costs and
reimbursement for prior costs incurred by EPA
are being assumed by a responsible party,
Rhone-Poulenc Basic Chemicals Co.
Background:
The Onondaga Nation is located just south of
Syracuse, New York. Site B is located in the
northeast portion of the Onondaga Nation,
approximately 1.6 miles south of Syracuse and
the adjacent community of Nedrow.
Approximately 800 people live within 1 mile of
the site, most of whom are American Indians.
The nearest residence is located approximately
500 feet to the north. The site is easily accessible
from a back road directly adjacent to an exit off
Interstate 81. Low-lying drainage areas flow into
a tributary of the Onondaga Creek. New York
State-regulated wetlands lie within 1 mile of the
site to the northwest.
The 25-acre site was the location of a dump and
junkyard during the mid-1950s through the
1960s. During the early 1960s, the site was
used as a dump for barrels containing industrial
wastes. Many 55-gallon drums were scattered
in piles and buried throughout the site. The
contents of these barrels were largely unknown
because of illegible, deteriorated labels.
Investigators found many to be empty, but these
barrels may have leaked their contents onto the
ground over the years. Other refuse at the site
included hospital wastes, construction debris,
motor vehicles, tires, and discarded appliances.
In 1983, waste samples were collected and
analyzed for hazardous substances. Benzyl
alcohol was identified, and other components
were detected, but not identified. Subsequently,
a number of site inspections were conducted by
the New York State Department of Health, the
New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC), and Region 2 between
1987 and 1990. Several onsite drums were
found to contain CERCLA hazardous
substances; however, none of the samples tested
positive for any of the hazardous waste
characteristics required for a Federal or State
action. No ground-water contamination was
indicated.
Actions:
On August 15, 1990, the NYSDEC requested
EPA to perform a removal action based on new
'Environmental concerns expressed by the Onondaga Nation deal with the historic usage of Indian land for the
disposal of industrial wastes. Prior to regulation, this frequently occurred because Native Americans were not aware of the
public health and environmental consequences.
123
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Onondaga Nation - Site B, Region 2
(Continued)
information gathered in a March 1990 sampling
operation.2 An EPA-led expedited removal action
was initiated on August 17,1990, and consisted
of removal of 20 previously identified drams of
waste, fencing, and posting of warning signs.
On September 9, 1991, the Regional
Administrator approved an Action Memorandum
and authorized funds to conduct a full removal
action on the site.
These EPA-led removal actions identified
approximately 1,300 drums on the site. Of
these, 1,046 were empty and were sent to a
disposal facility for recycling. Wastes contained
in the remaining drums was combined into
compatible wastestreams and staged for
removal. An Administrative Order of Consent
was issued on September 25, 1992, between
EPA and a responsible parry, Rhone-Poulenc
Basic Chemicals Co., the legal successor in
interest of the Cowles Chemical Company which
contributed hazardous substances to the site
during the 1960s. Under this order, Rhone-
Poulenc assumed cleanup activities at the site
and is responsible for prior costs incurred by
EPA.
Rhone-Poulenc's actions thus far have included
clearing the site of debris, properly disposing of
60 drums containing the combined wastes from
the EPA cleanup activities, sampling water wells
adjacent to the site, and conducting a
geophysical survey to find additional buried
barrels. Approximately 300 test pits were dug
to investigate magnetic anomalies identified
during the geophysical survey, and 120 buried
drums were found. These are scheduled to be
removed for proper disposal in the spring of
1994. No ground-water contamination was
found.
2Contributing to this decision were the inability of the Onondaga Nation to bear the cost of the cleanup, and the uncertain jurisdiction
of New York State in Onondaga Territory.
124
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Pollution Abatement Services (PAS), Region 2
Oswego, New York
Status:
All removal actions at this site have been
completed. The site is currently on the National
Priorities List (NFL) and being addressed through
the EPA Remedial Branch.
Results and Benefits:
EPA, in conjunction with the State, has used
innovative technologies to significantly minimize
the hazardous waste. This, in turn, reduces
the possible expenditure of time, money, and
manpower at future sites with similar
characteristics. The technologies include:
« Use of reverse osmosis, a process to
concentrate waste and thus facilitate
offsite disposal or further treatment; and
• Ultraviolet oxidation, a process to
destroy some of the toxic substances
found in the leachate.
The cooperative efforts of the State and EPA
helped to streamline removal activities and have
laid the foundation for the long-term remedial
response. The removal actions have facilitated
easier cost recovery at this site by identifying at
an earlier stage over 126 potentially responsible
contributors. Money has been recovered by
some responsible parties to reimburse the EPA
for past costs incurred.
Background:
Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) operated a
high-temperature liquid chemical waste
incinerator from 1970 to 1977 on a 15-acre site
immediately east of the City of Oswego, New
York. Operations were closed in 1977 by the
State, and the facility was abandoned. At that
time, large quantities of oil and hazardous
chemicals remained on the property in drums,
tanks, and lagoons. This site is associated with
the nearby Pulton Terminals Super fund site.
The site was listed on the first NPL in September
1983.
Actions:
Leaking drums and storage tanks on the site
led to several remedial activities. EPA has been
involved in four previous actions at this site.
The first action occurred in June 1976, and a
second occurred in December 1980. Prior to
August 3, 1981, Federal response funding at
this site was authorized under Section 311 of
the Clean Water Act (CWA). Under these CWA
actions, the following work was completed:
* Treatment and disposal of liquids
contained in two lagoons;
• Capping and grading of the lagoons;
• Installation of a filterbox system to filter
leachate flowing from the site;
• Emptying and disposing of liquid from
two aboveground leaking tanks; and
• OverpacMng of leaking and deteriorated
55-gaUon drums.
The third EPA action initiated in August 1981
was funded by Superfund monies. The removal
action included:
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Pollution Abatement Services (PAS), Region 2
(Continued)
• Containment and collection of leachate
from seeps on the stream embankment
on the northern perimeter of the site;
« Determination of the best available
methods for disposal of the material
collected; and
» Elimination or containment of the
leachate source.
The fourth action, also under the Superfund
removal program, occurred in November 1986.
The primary objective of this removal action was
to eliminate the existing threat to the public and
the surrounding environment imposed by the
hazardous leachate associated with the site.
Subsequent activities included:
• Overpacking the remaining drums for
disposal;
• Emptying any additional underground
tanks; and
• Constructing a slurry wall, a synthetic
cap, and a leachate collection/ground-
water recovery system at the site.
The potentially responsible parties have entered
into an agreement with EPA to reimburse monies
spent in past cleanup efforts. Ongoing action
includes ground-water extraction and
treatment.
126
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Pulverizing Services Site, Region 2
Moorestown, New Jersey
Status:
Removal actions were completed in 1992.
Potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
satisfactorily completed all activities under the
Administrative Order on Consent. The site has
been referred to the Remedial Program for soil
investigation.
Benefits and Results:
This removal action addressed the immediate
threats of fire, explosion, and consequent release
of toxic materials. The unfenced site has been
secured to prevent exposure of trespassers or
passers-by to toxic materials. The removal
actions have also abated toxic releases into the
air and ground and surface waters that had once
affected nearby residents. Further remedial
activities may be needed to fully treat the
remaining contamination.
Background:
The Pulverizing Services site is a former pesticide
manufacturing facility abandoned in 1977. The
site is in an industrial park that borders a
residential area in Moorestown, New Jersey. The
24-acre site was used by up to five different
pesticide formulation companies between the
1930s and the 1970s. An illegally operated 3-
acre landfill was onsite, and there was evidence
of illegal burial of materials in the landfill and
elsewhere. The site occupants routinely
processed pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides
on various portions of the site. An intermittent
tributary to Pennsauken Creek drains the area
and may have received process discharges and/
or wastewater from the facility. There were also
reports of airborne releases of dust, possibly
containing pesticides and/or asbestos, by
nearby residents since the 1940s. There was
concern about hazardous substances detected
in the soil migrating into the underlying ground-
water system. Ground water is the sole potable
water source for the area, and the closest public
well is less than 1/2 mile away.
Local newspaper delivery boys used an office
building on the site as a local distribution center.
Motorcyclists still use the property, as indicated
by numerous motorcycle tracks throughout the
area. Signs of vandalism resulting in the release
of laboratory chemicals were found in several
buildings.
Large areas of stressed vegetation were visible
on the site. Several hundred drums of various
pesticides were found onsite along with
hundreds of laboratory chemicals including
cyanides, air and water reactives, oxidizers,
flammables, shock-sensitive compounds, and
explosives. The surrounding soils were found
to contain high levels of DDT and its byproducts.
Many chemicals present were proven to be
carcinogenic, teratogenic, and/or mutagenic.
Dioxin precursors such as methoxyclor and
alpha-BHC were also found in the soil.
Actions:
In early 1988, EPA conducted onsite soil
sampling to learn the extent of contamination.
The site was then secured and stabilized.
Shock-sensitive materials were removed,
asbestos encapsulated, and containers
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Pulverizing Services Site, Region 2
(Continued)
consolidated into two onsite buildings. Later in
1988, additional funding was provided, allowing
the waste to be inventoried and the most highly
deteriorated chemicals to be removed.
In a separate action, EPA's Office of Regional
Council initiated a series of Administrative
Orders on Consent (AOCs) with PRPs. The first
AOC resulted in the PRPs erecting a security
fence.
A second AOC signed in 1989 required the PRPs
to determine the type and extent of
contamination at the site, and to perform
ground-water monitoring. In addition, the PRPs
were to identify and recommend feasible and
appropriate response measures for mitigation
of the soil and ground-water contamination.
They conducted a geophysical survey and made
preliminary recommendations in 1990.
A third AOC was issued to 10 PRPs in March
1990. In this AOC, the PRPs were to clean up
the buildings and dispose of the hazardous
materials. Work was completed in August 1991.
Recommended response measures for soil
cleanup have been received by EPA for action
under the Superfund Remedial Action Program.
128
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Quanta Resources, Region 2
Bergen County, New Jersey
Status:
All immediate and planned removal operations
have been completed at the site. Subsequent
remedial activities will address the ground-water
contamination at the site. This site is fenced
and inactive.
Results and Benefits:
Actions by EPA and Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) have eliminated the threat of
direct contact with contaminants. The potential
for hazards stemming from fire and explosion
have been addressed. The adjacent Hudson
River and its associated biota have been spared
further contact with contaminated waste oil via
site runoff.
Background:
This 15-acre site is the site of a former oil
recovery/recycling operation on the banks of the
Hudson River across from New York City. Coal
tar processing operations began at this location
in the 1930s and continued for the next several
decades. The site is in an industrial area
bordered on the north and south by other
industrial facilities. The New Jersey Palisades,
which provides a backdrop to the site 500 yards
to the west, is the location for numerous
residential units, including several high rise
condominiums.
Operations ceased at this facility in October
1981 at the direction of the State. The facility
contained 61 above-ground storage tanks with
a total storage capacity of 9-million gallons, plus
as many as 10 underground storage tanks with
an additional 40,000-gallon capacity. Large
quantities of chemically contaminated waste oil,
tar, sludge, asphalt, process water, and
unknown liquids were abandoned in tanks
throughout the site. These storage tanks,
constructed in the late 1800s, were in poor
condition. Secondary containment (dykes,
containment walls) were inadequate for the
volumes present.
Actions:
Because of the repeated discharge of
contaminated oil into the Hudson River as
documented by the U.S. Coast Guard, the State
requested EPA's assistance in performing
removal actions at the site in 1984. The removal
action was conducted in two phases. Phase I
was conducted as an immediate removal action
to drain PCB-contaminated oil from
deteriorating tanks, repair and make
operational the oil/water separator, empty water
from badly deteriorated tanks, remove most
flammable materials, and improve site security.
This action was undertaken from April to
September 1985 and involved extensive site
stabilization and the removal of over 2.4-million
gallons of hazardous wastes.
Phase n was a planned removal that addressed
disposing of the majority of the 750,000 gallons
of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCB)-
contaminated waste oil and 4-million gallons of
other hazardous liquid and waste sludge from
the bulk storage and cut-off tanks; emptying
and cleaning the onsite underground storage
tanks, and filling them with inert material;
containing any offsite contaminant leakage; and
removing and disposing of all contaminated
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Resources, Region 2
(Continued)
drums stored at the site. The Potentially
Responsible Parties (PRPs) responded in
December 1985 to assume the planned removal
responsibilities. EPA monitored the response.
During this action, the PRPs used waste solvents
from the site to assist in the difficult removal of
remaining tank bottoms. Materials were
processed into a low grade fuel containing
hazardous waste and were burned in a
permitted facility. Aqueous waste, contaminated
waste oil, sludge, and soil was disposed of at
approved facilities. The PRP above-ground
removal action was completed in September
1988.
In March 1992, EPA conducted sampling to
determine if hazardous waste had migrated into
the ground water. The sampling results
demonstrated varying degrees of heavy metal,
PCB, volatile organic, semivolatile organic, and
polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination.
Negotiations continue with the PRPs to address
the residual contamination.
130
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Radium Chemical Company Site, Region 2
Queens County, New York
Status:
As a result of removal action, the fenced site is
now a flat, level, vacant lot with no buildings
onsite. The site was discovered in 1988 and
placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1989.
Results and Benefits:
Residents and businesses of the greater New
York City area were protected from potential fire/
explosion and from the radiation exposures that
would have resulted. In an area that is generally
zoned for heavy industrial operations, this site
is no longer a concern to planners, the fire
department, or the health department.
According to the Queens Planning Department,
the only likely reuse for the site is industrial or
commercial.
Background:
The now-insolvent Radium Chemical Company
handled sealed sources (needles) of Radium-226
for use in cancer therapy. Several thousand
needles were found on the 1/3-acre site. Some
were located in a vault in one building. An
estimated 120 curies of radium were found on
the premises — an amount which, if dispersed
by fire or explosion, could have affected all of
New York City. Two adjacent rooms also may
have been contaminated with other radioactive
sources and contained over 200 laboratory-size
bottles of reagent chemicals that included
corrosives, flammables, poisons, and potentially
shock-sensitive ethers. The Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
issued a public health advisory to avoid the
widespread radiation contamination that would
result from a fire and/or explosion at this site.
The site is adjacent to the Brooklyn-Queens
Expressway in a densely populated urban area.
In 1983, New York State ordered Radium
Chemical to stop operating due to shipping and
handling violations. Further inspections
revealed that the onsite radiation levels
surpassed allowable standards, indicating that
the radium had been improperly stored and that
there were defects in the radium containers.
Several shipments of radium had also been lost.
In 1987, the State ordered Radium Chemical to
remove its inventory of radium containers and
to decontaminate the warehouse. The company
vacated without complying, and in 1988, the
site was declared abandoned. Criminal
convictions against the company were obtained
in 1989 for State labor law violations. EPA is
preparing to place a lien on the property for
recovery of cleanup costs.
Actions:
EPA fenced the site and initiated 24-hour site
security as an initial action. A monitoring
system was installed to prevent or detect any
release of radiation into the community. A
community relations trailer was set up onsite,
and an information hotline provided current
information in Spanish, Greek, and English. For
radiological cleanup, EPA obtained the
assistance of a contractor to the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineering by means of an Interagency
Agreement. The radioactive wastes were packed
and disposed of to Hanford, Washington. The
laboratory chemicals were also removed and
disposed of; the ether was detonated onsite. The
131
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Radium. Chemical Company Site, Region 2
(Continued)
abandoned building was dismantled and
removed in October 1991, when soil excavation
began. Soil disposal was completed in March
1992. Risk assessment for the sewer is
underway.
132
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Roebling Steel Site, Region 2
Florence Township, New Jersey
Status:
The site is currently inactive and under the
control of EPA for environmental remediation
purposes. The site is fenced while remedial
operations continue. Roebling Park,
immediately adjacent to the site, remains an
active playground with tennis and basketball
courts. Another playground is adjacent to the
southeastern border of the site, which is a
component of the second operable unit.
Results and Benefits:
Due to the size of the site and its close proximity
to the Delaware River, the Village of Roebling,
and a local playground, the release or migration
of hazardous materials posed an immediate
threat. The removal and remedial actions
performed eliminated the threat of release,
migration, and potential exposure to hazardous
substances, and fire or explosion, in addition
to contamination of the Delaware River via
surface runoff. Local residents have been
protected from dermal and airborne
contaminant pathways while remedial activities
proceed. Having been regraded and reseeded,
the nearby Roebling Park has been restored to
its original condition.
Background:
The approximately 200-acre Roebling Steel site
is located in Burlington County, New Jersey.
The site is bounded by the Delaware River to
the north, Crafts Creek to the east, and the
residential community of Roebling to the south
and west. Roebling Steel manufactured steel
and wire at the facility between 1906 and 1982.
Due to financial obligation defaults, the U.S.
Economic Development Administration
assumed control of the site in 1979 for the
purpose of liquidating the real assets. The site
was added to the National Priorities List (NPL)
in December 1982; the identified responsible
parties did not have the financial means to
address the problems at the extensive facility.
Approximately 55 buildings occupy most of the
site and are connected by a series of paved and
unpaved roads. Slag residue from steel
production was used to fill in a large portion of
the bordering Delaware River shoreline. There
were numerous potential sources of
contamination at the site, including: 757 drums
containing liquids and solids; 106 abandoned
tanks', 183 transformers containing
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated
oils; 52 railroad cars containing fly ash, dry
sludge, and debris; pits and sumps; lagoons;
friable asbestos insulation on pipes; a baghouse
dust pile; chemical piles; tire piles; and a landfilL
Actions:
Due to the size and complexity of the site, a
multi-tiered approach is being used to address
the many sources of contamination. The site is
divided into the following operable units:
• Removal actions;
• A remedial action under the March 1990
ROD (OU-1); and
« A remedial action for the 34-acre slag
area and the southeast playground
under the September 1991 ROD (OU-2).
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Roebling Steel Site, Region 2
(Continued)
Removal Actions. Three removal actions have
been performed at the site. In December 1985,
the State of New Jersey removed picric acid and
other explosive chemicals from one onsite
laboratory. EPA performed a removal action
between October 1987 and November 1988.
This action included the removal of 300 lab-pack
containers of chemicals, 3,203 55-galion drums,
3 pounds of metallic mercury, one drum of
hazardous waste containing cyanide, 40
compressed gas cylinders, 3,000 gallons of
sulfuric acid, 2,150 gallons of phosphoric acid,
and 239,000 pounds of hazardous solids in
drums. EPA performed another removal action
that involved fencing the slag disposal area and
excavating contaminated soil in an area of
Roebling Park, which borders the manufacturing
facility.
First Remedial Action (OU-01). The first
remedial action continued the site stabilization
effort initiated under the removal action.
Construction activities for this first remedial
action started in December 1990 and were
completed in September 1991. The sources of
contamination dealt with under this remedial
action were the following: 926 overpacked
drums; 45,864 gallons of transformer PCB-
contaminated oil and 860,7091bs of transformer
carcasses; 266,843 gallons of tank liquids and
1,351 tons of tank sludges; 800 tons of baghouse
dust; 251 tons of chemical piles; and 387 tons
of discarded tires.
Second Remedial Action (OU-O2). A second
Record of Decision (ROD) was signed in
September 1991 to address the 34-acre slag
disposal area and the southeast playground.
The remedy selected for the slag area includes
treating the hotspots, and then covering the
entire 34-acre slag area with a soil cover and
vegetation. The remedy selected for the
southeast playground includes excavating
contaminated soil hot spots and offsite
treatment and disposal at an appropriate facility.
The remedial design contractor has completed
the first phase of the design investigation, and
the second phase of work is currently under
review.
Future Remedial Actions. The ongoing
remedial investigation will characterize the
remaining areas of concern: surface and
subsurface soils, surface water and sediments
in both the Delaware River and Crafts Creek,
ground water, air, buildings, pits, sumps and
pipes containing contaminated liquids and
sludges inactive wastewater treatment plant,
lagoons, landfill, insulation material containing
asbestos, and remaining contamination sources.
134
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Signo Trading International, Ltd., Region 2
Mount Vernon, New York
Status:
Two removal actions were conducted at Signo
Trading facilities to Mount Vernon, New York,
from 1983 to 1984 and from 1986 to 1987.
These sites have been cleaned up and are
suitable for occupancy.
Benefits and Results:
The Signo Trading removal actions illustrate the
capability of the Superfund Removal Program
to efficiently handle potentially dangerous
situations in densely populated inner-city areas.
Safe and complete removal was accomplished
despite legal complications, the threat of
trespassing and vandalism, and vocal concerns
on the part of the community.
The threats of fire, explosion, direct exposure
to toxic materials, and contamination of surface
waters have been eliminated. The buildings
safely house other businesses that provide jobs
to the community.
Background:
Signo Trading International, Ltd., formerly
known as SCI Equipment and Technologies, is
located in Mount Vernon, New York, near the
boundary between Mount Vernon and the Bronx
in New York City. Signo was engaged in chemical
trading and export. Approximately 30,000
people live within a 1 /2-mile radius of the site.
Numerous public schools and a college are
located in the immediate area. An industrial
foam manufacturer is presently operating at the
14th Avenue site, employing approximately 25
people. A coffee manufacturer and distribution
center is located across the street. A clear spill
pathway exists to nearby sewers which
reportedly discharge into the Bronx and
Hutchtoson Rivers.
The Signo sites contained a large inventory of
materials including OSHA Class 1 flammable
liquids, flammable solids, poisons, oxidizers,
acids, alkalies, and air/water reactives. These
materials were not segregated, and incompatible
and interactive materials were haphazardly
stored in conjunction with one another.
Unmarked and deteriorating containers were
found, as well as old containers of ether which
had formed explosive peroxides. The 14th
Avenue building itself was in poor condition,
with roof leaks and exposed electrical wiring.
At the time of the 1986-87 removal action, the
owners of the company were in prison, convicted
of fraudulent sales of chemicals to the
Government of Zimbabwe, which involved U.S.
foreign aid funds.
Actions:
The first removal action, in 1983-84, centered
on hazardous chemicals at both the Lyons Place
and 14th Avenue locations. This action was
precipitated by findings of local fire inspectors
during May 1983. In early June, a toxic
substance was discharged into the sewers
which was traced to Signo. Thirty people
reportedly went to the hospital as a result of
breathing the vapors. Signo continued to
conduct business at these sites until July 1986,
when the co-proprietors, Jack and Charles
Colbert, were sent to prison.
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Signo Trading International, Ltd., Region 2
(Continued)
The second removal action, in 1986-87, was
initiated when the Mount Vernon Fire
Department conducted an inspection of the 14th
Avenue site. Again, serious problems were found
with storage of incompatible hazardous
materials (acids/bases, flammables, explosives,
etc.), which represented a serious and
immediate threat to the surrounding
community. As a result, the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation
requested Region 2 personnel to initiate an
immediate removal action in November 1986.
EPA obtained access to the 14th Avenue site in
the face of legal resistance by Signo's attorney.
At the same time, the property owner evicted
Signo from the site and granted EPA unrestricted
access to the site to conduct the cleanup action.
A public meeting attended by 700 area residents
was conducted immediately prior to the cleanup.
Attendees included the ItegjoriAdmmistrator, the
Mayor of Mount Vernon, and the EPA On-Scene
Coordinator.
Actions included initial removal of
nonhazardous debris, onsite chemical analysis,
and a combination of onsite and offsite
destruction of materials, which included
detonation of explosives. Hazardous materials
found by EPA also included approximately 50
barrels of diethyl ether supplied by the Drug
Enforcement Administration as part of an Signo
Trading International, Ltd., Region 2 (continued)
undercover "sting" operation to identify illicit
drug laboratories. Nearby workers and residents
were evacuated during certain work phases
deemed to pose a threat of explosion or toxic
gas release. EPA provided the necessary security
to prevent further trespassing and vandalism
of the premises. The action was completed in
November 1987, and control of the 14th Avenue
property was returned to the owner.
136
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REGION THREE
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Ambler Asbestos Piles, Region 3
Ambler, Pennsylvania
Status:
On August 30,1993, the Ambler Asbestos Hies
site was placed on the Construction Completion
List. A long-term operation and maintenance
plan was initiated to ensure the continued
integrity of the asbestos piles. Access to the site
has been restricted through the use of a security
fence and warning signs.
Results and Benefits:
Threats to human health and the environment
were minimized by stabilizing the asbestos piles
against wind and surface water erosion, thereby
reducing the threat of asbestos releases to the
air and surface water.
Background:
The 15-acre Ambler Asbestos Piles site is made
up of three asbestos-containing waste piles and
a series of settling and filter bed lagoons. The
Keasbey & Mattison Company owned the site
from the late 1800s to 1962. The company
manufactured Pharmaceuticals and asbestos
insulation products. The site was parceled and
sold in 1962 to two companies, both of which
manufacturered asbestos products. Nicolet
Industries, Inc., purchased the property, which
contained two of the waste piles, the Locust
Street Pile and the Plant Pile, as well as the
settling and filter bed lagoons (designated OU1).
The company pumped wastewater from settling
ponds into diked channel areas, creating wet
asbestos piles that gradually dried and were
built up as new diked areas. CertainTeed, Inc.,
purchased property that contained the third
waste pile, known as the Pipe Plant Pile
(designated OU2). This company dumped
broken wallboard and asbestos pipe products
onto the Pipe Plant Pile, and periodically
compacted the pile with tractors. The total
volume of asbestos-contaminated waste in the
piles is estimated to exceed 11/2 million cubic
yards.
In 1971 and 1972, Nicolet and CertainTeed
applied for permits to continue the operation of
their sites. The State denied the applications
in 1974 and ordered both companies to stop
dumping asbestos waste and to stabilize and
cover the piles. EPA found asbestos in the soil
and on equipment in the Locust Street
playground, which is adjacent to the site.
Approximately 6,000 people live within 1/2 mile
of the site. The nearest residence is within 200
feet of one pile, and approximately 40 residences
are located within 1/4 mile of the site.
Wissahickon Creek and its flood plain border
the site.
Actions:
The remedial activities at OU1 were completed
in three distinct phases: the Borough Phase,
the Lagoon Phase, and the Construction Phase.
The Borough Phase, completed in the fall of
1991, included locating and accessing sewer
manholes along the easement on the south side
of the piles, removing pallets from the northern
edge of the lagoon area, and extending a 24-
inch drain culvert on the south side of the Locust
Street Pile. The Lagoon Phase, completed in the
fall of 1991, consisted of draining and capping
the lagoons. The lagoons were dewatered and
4- to 6-inch ballast stone was placed in the
lagoons to a sufficient depth to provide pore
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Ambler Asbestos Piles, Region 3
(Continued)
space into which the sludge in the basins could
move and be contained. The lagoons were
backfilled and the surface graded to drain to
the existing outfalls leading to Wissahickon
Creek. Silt fences were installed to control
erosion, and the entire site was seeded with a
mixture of rye and crown vetch. The
Construction Phase, completed in the fall of
1992, included placing a non-erodible cap on
the two piles, construction of a buttress fill on
the southern edge of the Locust Street Pile, and
construction of a revetment system to protect
the northwest side of the Locust Street Pile from
erosion by Wissahickon Creek. Fences and
warning signs were placed around the perimeter
of the site to restrict access to the site.
Remedial activities at OU2 consisted of: clearing
vegetation on the pile's surface; redistribution
of exposed contaminated material to the pile;
placement of additional soil covers on the pile
and slopes; installation of erosion and sediment
controls; revegetation of disturbed areas; and
installation of a fence with locking gates. Gabion
boxes for erosion control were installed along
the banks of the directly adjacent Stuart Farm
Creek, a tributary of Wissahickon Creek, to
protect the pile against the scouring action of
the creek. Construction was completed by
November 12, 1992.
14O
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Bruin Lagoon, Region 3
Bruin Borough, Pennsylvania
Status:
This site is currently fenced and inactive. Waste
is stabilized and capped. Migration of sludge
below grade was completed in 1984. Continued
monitoring by EPA will evaluate the effectiveness
of the cleanup remedial activities.
Results and Benefits:
The cleanup actions to stabilize, contain, or
remove contamination have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials
and controlled further spreading of
contamination at the Bruin Lagoon site, thus
addressing the protection of nearby surface
waters and downstream water supplies.
Background:
The 6-acre Bruin Lagoon site is located on the
South Branch of Bear Creek in Butler County,
Pennsylvania. An estimated 700 people reside
in the community. Bruin Lagoon is
approximately 7 stream miles above the
confluence of Bear Creek with the Allegheny
River, an important water supply source for
many industries and communities, including
Pittsburgh. The site is in a highly industrialized
narrow valley, where industry includes coal
mines, oil fields, and three major chemical
companies.
For 40 years, the site was used to dispose of oil
refinery wastes and motor oil reclamation
wastes. The site includes a 1-acre open sludge
lagoon contained by a 22-foot earthen dike, a
2-acre closed lagoon, an effluent pond, 24
abandoned storage tanks, and an area of
contaminated soil on adjacent private properties
caused by flooding in 1980. Soil, ground water,
and surface water were contaminated by sulfuric
acid, heavy metals, and hydrogen sulfide. The
first evidence of contamination from the site was
a large fish kill in the Allegheny River, resulting
from 3,000 gallons of acidic sludge being spilled
into Bear Creek in 1968. The effect of this spill
was seen 100 miles downstream.
Actions:
EPA began investigating the site in 1981 to
determine the extent of contamination. Cleanup
work included removing the liquid floating on
top of the open lagoon and disposing of it offsite;
containing the remaining wastes onsite; and
stabilizing the lagoons and dikes. Discovery of
hydrogen sulfide gas during the remedial action
required emergency action. In 1984, site
security, air monitoring, and ground-water and
surface-water sampling were initiated, and 13
venting wells were installed. The work has
stopped the migration of sludge below the grade
of the lagoon using physical containment, EPA
completed this phase of cleanup activities in
1984. FoEowing a re-investigation, actions were
taken to further stabilize the wastes, vent
trapped gases, and cap the stabilized sludge.
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142
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
C&R Battery Co., Inc., Region 3
Chesterfield County, Virginia
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. Environmental monitoring to ensure
the remedy's effectiveness is ongoing. The site
is currently inactive, with access and use
restrictions in place.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated the threat
to human health and the environment by
removing the contaminated soils, sediments,
and debris that posed direct contact and
ingestion hazards. Soil cleanup levels have been
achieved. Future contamination of surrounding
soils, surface water, and ground water has also
been prevented.
Background:
The 11-acre C&R Battery Company site was
used from 1969 to 1985 to saw and shred
automobile, truck, and industrial batteries for
the recovery of lead and lead compounds.
Battery acid was drained into onsite storage/
containment ponds. Lead and lead compounds
were recovered and stockpiled for later offsite
shipment. Crushed batteries were ultimately
buried throughout the site. Site samples taken
from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s indicated
the presence of contaminants such as arsenic,
chromium, copper, nickel, and mercury as well
as concentrations of lead up to 16,000 mg/kg.
Soil pH ranged from 3.3 to 6.5 standard units
(su). Water samples from the onsite drainage
ditch also indicated high levels of lead and pH
levels ranging from 0.4 to 6.0 su.
In response to public health concerns, EPA
conducted the following actions in the summer
of 1986: neutralized the site's acidic liquids,
sludges, and soils; regraded the drainage ditch
and installed erosion control measures; installed
a security fence around the site's perimeter, and
returned battery-related debris found on nearby
property to the actual site. The site was placed
on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1987.
The surrounding area is primarily industrial and
residential. The James River is located
approximately 650 feet north of the site.
Actions:
Remedial activities focused on the land leased
by the C&R Battery Company (4.5 acres) as
well as land from surrounding properties that
was contaminated through the C&R Battery
Company's operations (6.5 acres). The selected
remedy for the site included the following
actions: excavating surface and subsurface soils
with lead concentrations above 1,000 mg/kg
and drainage ditch sediments with lead
concentrations above 450 mg/kg; stabilizing the
excavated soil and sediments; disposing of the
stabilized material in an approved industrial or
sanitary landfill; cleaning and closing the former
acid pond area; backfilling all excavated soil and
sediment areas and covering these areas with
topsoil; placing a topsoil layer over areas where
the lead concentration was between the
background concentration and 1,000 mg/kg;
revegetating topsoil covered areas; and
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C&R Battery Co., Inc., Region 3
(Continued)
implementing an environmental monitoring
program and appropriate site access and use
restrictions.
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. Ground-water monitoring is
currently ongoing.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Chemical Metals Industries, Region 3
Baltimore, Maryland
Status:
Remediation activities were completed in 1981
during a 2-month period. The building and yard
of the former main operations center are currently
used by the Maryland Department of the
Environment as field headquarters. The storage
area nearby is a neighborhood park.
Results and Benefits:
An environmental watchdog for the State of
Maryland occupies the site of what was an
abandoned precious metals recovery facility that
housed drums of caustics and corrosive liquids.
Nearby, approximately 1,500 drums containing
hazardous substances contaminated the soil to
the extent that many tons of cadmium-laden soil
had to be removed. In its place now stands a
neighborhood park. The cleanup of the Chemical
Metals Industries (CMI) waste site was the Nation's
first Superfund activity that included remedial
action.
Background:
From the 1950s until declaring bankruptcy in
1981, CMI occupied two parcels of property in
the mainly residential section of Westport, in
Baltimore, Maryland. The main facility recovered
precious metals from waste chemical solutions
and printed circuit boards. The storage area for
its wastes consisted of an old gasoline station
garage and an adjoining yard two blocks away.
The refining operations used corrosive liquids,
cyanide compounds, and ammonia compounds
all within a stonesthrow of the local post office.
Over 1,500 plastic and metal drums were stored
without regard for their contents within a block
of houses. Some were seen leaking onto the
ground. Rainfall contributed to the surface run-
off of a blue-green liquid directly into the local
sewer system. Contamination of the ground water
was found later, evident by the blue-green coloring
of samples taken at monitoring wells. This was
most likely due to the high levels of copper found
in the soil.
Zirconium, an unstable metal in powder form and
reactive in solid form, was found in abundance at
the site. The chemical substances abandoned at
the site could have reacted, causing fire or
explosions.
Actions:
More than 1,500 plastic and metal drums and
nearly 100 tons of contaminated soil and other
debris were removed from the storage area.
Approximately 1,000 gallons of liquid were
pumped out of four underground storage tanks
found at this site. After the hazardous materials
and other debris had been removed, the area was
graded, capped, and revegetated.
At the main operations center, approximately
12,000 gallons of acidic and basic solutions were
pumped from 15 large above-ground storage
tanks. These tanks, along with other structurally
unstable structures, were then removed. An
additional 100 smaller drums of liquid wastes were
also removed.
The yard was paved following cleanup and surface
grading to minimize exposure to any contaminants
remaining in the soil and to minimize infiltration
from rainwater.
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146
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Chisman Creek, Region 3
York County, Virginia
Status:
As a result of remedial actions, baseball and
soccer fields have been built on top of the capped
fly ash disposal pits. Affected ground water will
be treated until target contamination reductions
are reached and maintained. The plant will then
be shut down, and the site evaluated for deletion
from the National Priorities List (NPL).
Results and Benefits:
Pits containing disposed fly ash from a power
generation plant have been stabilized to prevent
further leaching of soluble metals into ground
water and surface water.
Background:
The 27-acre Chisman Creek site is located in
suburban York County, Virginia. Land use in
the area surrounding the site is mainly
residential, with 500 to 1,000 people living
within a 1-mile radius.
Problems at the Chisman Creek site originated
when a nearby power company's generating
station disposed of fly ash in a low wooded area.
Pits were filled with fly ash from the power plant
which burned coal and oil-based coke from 1957
through 1974. The unlined pits, actually sand
and gravel borrow areas, are located in the
watershed of the Chisman Creek, a tributary of
the Chesapeake Bay, Evidence of problems from
the site first surfaced when nearby residents
complained of discolored well water.
Trace metals (most notably vanadium, nickel,
and selenium dissolved from the fly ash) were
found in the ground water, surface water, and
the soils adjacent to the pits. Levels of nickel
and vanadium in ground water were above target
levels. Although bioassays showed the surface
water quality in onsite ponds and the quality of
sediments in Chisman Creek to be acceptable,
there was concern that contamination in the
creek would affect the 520-acre watershed of
the Chisman Creek Coastal Basin on the 'Virginia
Peninsula.
Actions:
The response actions were conducted from 1987
to 1989. Affected residences were connected to
public water supplies and surface water and
ground water were diverted in selected areas.
The creek adjacent to one of the pits was
relocated. The ash pits were capped with soil
and hard clay, and an onsite treatment system
was installed to remove nickel and vanadium
from ground water collected from the pit area.
Originally slated for restricted use after cleanup,
the idea for a more progressive use of the land
resulted from dialogue between the local
government, the Potentially Responsible Party
(PRP), and EPA. Their cooperative efforts
resulted in the development of a much-needed
public facility.
The final agreement also covered an equitable
approach to the cost of maintaining the facility.
The sports park, constructed by the PRP during
remediation, was leased to the county at a rental
rate equal to the annual property taxes of the
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Chisman Creek, Region 3
(Continued)
park grounds. Park maintenance (essentially
the same as post-remedial site maintenance) is
provided by the county.
According to the 1992 assessment, the site was
estimated to have a market value of $490,400.
148
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Coker's Sanitation Service Landfills, Region 3
Cheswold, Delaware
Status:
On September 9, 1993, the final construction
inspection took place and verified the completion
of construction. Both landfills are enclosed by
a chain-link security fence and warning signs
have been posted. Semi-annual ground-water
monitoring, semi-annual surface water
sampling, and annual sediment sampling will
be conducted for a minimum of 5 years. Future
deed restrictions wiE prohibit any use of the
property that might disturb the landfills surface.
Results and Benefits:
A combination of excavation of buried drums
and capping of the landfills prevents surface
exposure to hazardous materials. In addition,
the prevention of future contamination of ground
water including the primary drinking water
supply for the region has been achieved.
Background:
The two Coker's Sanitation Service Landfills
occupy 25 acres near Cheswold, Delaware.
Coker's Landfill f 1 comprises 10 acres and
Coker's Landfill #2 comprises 15 acres. The
landfills were used for disposal of latex rubber
waste sludges from what is now the Reichold
Chemicals, Inc., plant. Approximately 45,000
cubic yards of waste sludge are present at each
landfill. Coker's Landfill #1 operated from 1962
until 1976 and consists of an unknown number
of unlined trenches. Coker's Landfill #2 was
used as a solid waste disposal site from 1976 to
1980 under a State permit, and consists of 51
lined trenches, each with a leachate collection
and monitoring system, and a ground-water
monitoring system.
The landfills are located above two ground-water
systems: the Columbia Aquifer, which is a water
table aquifer, and the Cheswold Aquifer, which
is a deeper artesian aquifer. Approximately
4,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the
site and two farms are adjacent to the landfiEs.
The primary drinking water source in the region
is the Cheswold Aquifer, although the Columbia
Aquifer is also used for domestic water supplies,
Actions:
In 1989, buried drums were found in Landfill #
1 and were subsequently excavated and
incinerated offsite. Drum staging areas were
fenced in for security reasons. Starting in July
1993, vegetation around both landfills was
cleared, security fences were installed, and
warning signs were posted around each landfill
perimeter. At Landfill #1, leachate seeps were
covered with wood chip mulch. At Landfill f 2,
each waste cell's leachate coEection system was
grout sealed. Settled waste ceEs were fiEed with
clean soil, and the entire landfill surface was
regraded.
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150
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Enterprise Avenue, Region 3
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Status:
All remedial actions at this site have been
completed. The site is currently vacant, fenced,
and capped with a vegetative cover. Ground-
water monitoring will continue to ensure that
background levels are maintained. The site was
deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL) in
March 1986. The site may be included in the
future as part of an airport runway extension.
Results and Benefits:
Due to the site's urban setting, this
contamination posed a threat to the public by
direct contact with the contaminated soil. EPA
determined that all site contamination has been
addressed as a result of the cleanup and that
the site no longer poses a threat to the public or
the environment. A recent proposal has slated
a portion of the site to be included in the
extension of a Philadelphia International Airport
runway.
Background:
The Enterprise Avenue site, a former municipal
landfill located in an industrial area near the
eastern end of the Philadelphia International
Airport, encompasses 57 acres. Until 1976, the
City of Philadelphia used the site for the disposal
of incineration residue, fly ash, and bulky debris.
The soil was found to be contaminated with
various organic compounds (VOCs) from the
waste disposal practices.
Actions:
In 1982, the City of Philadelphia removed over
1,700 drums of sludges, solvents, oil, resins,
and metal finishing waste from the site and
excavated 32,600 cubic yards of contaminated
soil. The remaining contaminated soil was
stockpiled onsite in two separate piles and a
partial cover was installed. EPA's selected
remedy consisted of removing the remaining
contaminated soil, installing a cap, and
revegetating the area. A fence was installed
around the site to prevent public access.
Ground water continues to be monitored to
ensure that the water quality remains at
background levels.
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152
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard, Region 3
Weisenberg, Pennsylvania
Status:
EPA and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
conducted a Final Inspection on October 15,
1993, and determined that EPA had constructed
the remedy in accordance with the remedial
design (RD) plans and specifications. Ground-
water, surface water, and sediment monitoring,
as well as a bioassessment survey, are required
on an annual basis to ensure that no
unacceptable exposure to risks posed by
conditions at the site occur in the future. The
site is currently being used as an auto graveyard
and contains the residences of the site's owners.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial action removed the primary
sources of the environmental threat, namely the
lead-contaminated battery casings and soil and
achieved soil cleanup standards. Protection of
surface exposure to contaminants and
prevention of contamination to surface water
bodies have been achieved. EPA determined that
no further soil, air, ground water, or surface
water remediation was necessary in the vicinity
of the site.
Background:
The 20-acre Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard site is
located in a rural area of Lehigh County. Prom
1958 to 1983, approximately 750 to 1,000 cubic
yards of battery casings were disposed of in two
areas onsite. Automobiles, empty storage tanks,
empty drums, and miscellaneous scrap metals
were also disposed of onsite. Storage tanks are
still disposed of on the site; however, this
practice is under review by the State. In 1985,
EPA conducted an onsite investigation and
discovered contamination in sediments at Iron
Run Creek, which is a tributary of Lehigh Creek,
a cold water fishing stream. Two residences are
located within the site boundaries and an
additional 10 residences are located within
1,000 feet of the site. The population within a
1-mile radius of the site is approximately 300
people, and 1,000 people live within 2 miles.
Approximately 2,800 people draw water from
three Lehigh County Water Authority wells
within 3 miles of the site; another 500 people
use private wells.
Actions:
In response to the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resource's (PADER's) concerns
about the impact of the site on aquatic biota in
Iron Run Creek and in accordance with the
requirements described in the Record of
Decision (ROD) 2, EPA conducted a
bioassessment on Iron Run Creek and the
surrounding area on June 10, 1992. EPA
evaluated water and sediment samples from Iron
Run Creek and an unnamed tributary
discharging to the creek from the Hebelka site
for any potential impact of site contaminants
on the streams and the terrestrial wildlife. Study
results showed no impact on the aquatic or
terrestrial environment in the vicinity of the
Hebelka site. The June 1992 bioassessment was
the first part of a 2-year study conducted as
part of the monitoring program described in
ROD 2.
By April 2, 1993, 1,045 cubic yards of battery
casings had been removed from the site for
disposal. From July to October 1993, scrap
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Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard, Region 3
(Continued)
metal, trash, the remains of junked cars, and
approximately 8,000 old automotive tires were
decontaminated and relocated elsewhere on the
22-acre site. A total of 8,748 tons of
contaminated soil were removed from the site
for treatment/disposal and replaced with clean
soil. The site was then backfilled with clean
soil obtained locally, regraded, seeded, and
furnished with erosion control measures where
needed.
154
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Henderson Road Site, Region 3
Upper Marion Township, Pennsylvania
Status:
Construction of the site remedy has been
completed. Ground-water recovery and
treatment, as weE as ground-water monitoring,
are ongoing. Deed restrictions and institutional
controls restrict future use of the ground water
and the site. A portion of the site is currently
being used for auto maintenance operations.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has removed the threat to
human health and the environment. Capping
the landfill and closing the injection well
eliminated the hazards of direct contact and
ingestion with contaminated compounds.
Future contamination of surrounding soils,
surface water, and ground water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The 7.64-acre Henderson Road Site was used
by the OUara Sanitation Company from 1974
to 1979 for waste transfer, waste recycling,
vehicle maintenance operations, and office
facilities and parking. Unknown quantities of
liquid waste containing various organic
contaminants were disposed of in a former water
supply well, known as the injection well.
Approximately 125,000 cubic yards of
residential trash and construction and
demolition debris were also disposed of in an
onsite landfill that extended onto neighboring
property. Approximately 2.5-million gallons of
leachate existed within the landfill.
From 1978 to 1983, several rounds of ground-
water, surface water, and sediment samples
were taken by EPA and the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources
(PADER). The site was proposed for the National
Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983.
Remedial investigation samples revealed a
number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
in the ground-water samples from the injection
well. Zinc was also observed at levels above 100
parts per billion (ppb) in the ground-water
samples. Samples of the soil, surface sediment,
surface water, and leachate surrounding the
landfill revealed contamination with 12 VOCs,
25 semi-volatile organic compounds, 5
pesticides, and 2 polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), Low concentrations of barium, lead, and
chromium were also detected.
The site is bounded on the east by Frog Run, an
intermittent stream. A 36-inch pressurized
water main, operated by the Philadelphia
Suburban Water Company (PSWC), crosses the
eastern portion of the site, and an abandoned
and flooded quarry, located 2,000 feet to the
north, is operated by the water company as a
drinking water supply. The land surrounding
the site is used as industrial, commercial, and
residential.
Actions:
Remedial activities for the site pertained to the
remediation of the injection well or activities that
focused on the landfill.
Remedial actions for the injection well consisted
of: installing clusters of ground-water recovery
wells onsite and downgradient; air stripping/
biologically treating/carbon filtering ground
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Henderson Eoad Site, Region 3
(Continued)
water and discharging the effluent to Frog Run;
closing the injection well; placing deed
restrictions on the future use of the ground
water; installing a treatment system at water
lines connected to the one offsite active potable
weE; periodic onsite and offsite ground-water
monitoring; and periodic re-evaluation of the
cleanup goals.
Remedial actions for the landfill included:
establishing run-on, run-off, and erosion
controls; establishing a short-term and long-
term leachate collection system; capping the
landfill; isolating the PSWC water main from the
landfill; moving any contaminated soil or trash
that resulted from using property neighboring
the site; establishing institutional controls to
restrict activities that would interfere with site
remediation; implementing future ground-water
recovery and treatment if deemed necessary, and
monitoring and periodic re-evaluation of cleanup
goals.
Remedial construction activities were completed
as of October 1992. Ground-water recovery and
treatment, as well as ground-water monitoring,
are ongoing.
156
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Kimberton Site, Region 3
Kimberton, Pennsylvania
Status:
Construction of the ground-water recovery and
treatment system was completed by September
1993. Ground-water treatment is expected to
continue for 30 years. A portion of the site is
currently being used by asphalt coatings
manufacturer.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has removed the threat to
human health and the environment. Offsite
disposal of contaminated soils and drums has
mitigated direct contact and ingestion hazards.
Ground-water treatment will eliminate any
remaining hazards. Future contamination of
surrounding soils, surface water, and ground
water has also been prevented.
Background:
The Kimberton Site encompasses property
owned by the Monsey Products Company and
adjacent properties within the surrounding
"village of Kimberton. From 1947 to 1959, a
previous owner disposed of various residues
from manufacturing operations (biochemical
research and resin and textile production) in
eight lagoons on the site. These lagoons were in
close proximity to numerous private water
supply wells. In 1981, routine water quality
testing found a private well to be contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Subsequent investigations indicated that the soil
and surface water were also contaminated with
VOCs. The site was placed on the National
Priorities List (NFL) in September 1983.
In 1984, Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs)
excavated and removed contaminated soil and
57 drums containing off-specification asphaltic
products from the lagoon area and an on-site
septic system. The excavated area was covered
with soil and seeded. In 1986, the PRPs provided
25 residential and commercial locations with in-
house carbon filters until an extension of the
public water system could be constructed.
Approximately 500 people live within a 1-mile
radius of the site. A small stream that crosses
through the site is the discharge point for local
ground water. French Creek, a public recreation
and fishing area, is less than 1 mile from the
site.
Actions:
A remedial investigation in 1987 indicated that
the soils, sediments, and sludge on site were
once contaminated with VOCs including
trichloroethylene fTCE) and dichloroethylene;
however, contamination of those media was
remediated in 1984. The investigation confirmed
that ground water remained contaminated with
VOCs includingTCE, dichloroethylene, and vinyl
chloride and that French Creek was also
contaminated with VOCs. In response,
additional remediation activities were
implemented. These included; constructing a
ground-water recovery and treatment system
that included extraction wells and an air
stripping system; collecting and treating the
ground water and then discharging the treated
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Kimberton Site, Region 3
(Continued)
effluent to the small stream that crossed the In 1992, thePRPs completed construction of an
site; continuing in-house carbon filtration extension of the public water system to all
operation and maintenance pending installation affected residences. Activated carbon systems
of a public water supply system; administratively were dismantled at that time. The ground-water
controlling the installation of new extraction recovery and treatment system was installed
wells inside the plume; and long-term ground- between May and August 1993 and is now
water monitoring. operational. Ground-water treatment is
anticipated to be complete in 30 years.
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FACT SHEET
Lansdowne Radiation Site, Region 3
Lansdowne, Pennsylvania
Status:
As a result of remedial action, a new two-family
home has been built on the Lansdowne
Radiation Site and sold. The 1/2-acre site no
longer poses any threat to the community and
was deleted from the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1991.
Results and Benefits:
The potential threat of radioactive contamination
to a quiet neighborhood in a densely populated
suburb of Philadelphia has been removed.
Property values adjacent to the site returned to
full market value as of 1991. The 1/2-acre lot
is valued at over $32,000.
Background:
From 1924 to 1944, the basement of the site's
duplex was used for a family-owned and
operated radium manufacturing business.
Radium contamination was detected in the son
surrounding the duplex structure and had
migrated onto six properties bordering the
duplex. No precautions were taken during
manufacturing, and liquid wastes were poured
down the sinks and toilets, contaminating the
sewer lines. Other debris were disposed of on
the grounds and adjacent properties. The
primary threat at Lansdowne was to human
health through breathing and ingesting
radioactive particles and fumes.
Actions:
The radiation problem was recognized as early
as 1963 when EPA attempted to stabilize the
radioactivity. Later efforts included relocating
residents, sealing the house, and establishing
a security system. A sprinkler system was
installed to extinguish fires which would expose
the community to radioactive gases. The 1964
cleanup did not address contamination of the
"107" half of the residence, the twin garages,
the soil, sewer lines, or offsite contamination.
EPA decided to eliminate any future threat of
exposure by removing the duplex structure
itself. Contaminated soil and sewer lines were
also removed. Protecting the community
required a major demolition and excavation
action, and EPA gave special attention to the
safety of residents and workers throughout the
entire process of dismantling the building piece
by piece. Removal of the contaminated material
was carefully planned to prevent the release of
radioactive gases.
About 5,540 tons of contaminated rubble and
soil were packed and sealed in approved
containers and hauled away in 1,338 metal
shipping boxes for disposal at waste disposal
facilities. Six neighboring yards were also
excavated and filled with clean soil, and two
garages were rebuilt. Residents of Lansdowne
expressed considerable interest in the site, and
EPA coordinated a very active campaign to keep
the community informed. Their approach was
highly personal and included visiting
neighboring homes to inform them of on-going
progress at the site and keeping the local and
State governments well-informed about
activities related to the site.
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FACT SHEET
Leetown Pesticide, Region 3
Leetown, West Virginia
Status:
All remediation activities at Leetown Pesticide
have been completed. The site is currently
vacant.
Results and Benefits:
The removal and disposal of a contaminated
building and its contents has mitigated all
threats to human health and the environment.
Future contamination of surrounding soils has
also been prevented.
Background:
The Leetown Pesticide site was a 1-acre area
that had been contaminated by the agricultural
use of pesticides, pesticide disposal, and
landfilling. The site was composed of three
areas: the former pesticide pile area, the former
pesticide mixing shed, and the Crimm Orchard
packing shed. In 1975, pesticide-contaminated
debris from a fire at a local chemical company
were allegedly disposed at the former pesticide
pile area. In June 1983,160 cubic yards of the
debris were removed, leaving behind residual
contamination. The pesticide mixing shed and
the Crimm Orchard packing shed were used for
formulation of pesticides used at the Jefferson
Orchard and the Crimm Orchard, respectively.
Contamination resulted from product drippage,
spillage, and leaking containers.
Evidence of hazardous waste activity at the site
was first brought to the attention of EPA in 1981
by representatives of the National Fisheries
Center. Soil and debris samples collected from
1981 to 1983 indicated elevated levels of DDT,
DDD, DDE, and alpha, beta, delta, and gamma
isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH). The
site was placed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) on September 1, 1983.
The site is located in a rural area in the extreme
northeastern portion West Virginia. Portions of
the watershed areas for the Bell Spring Run and
the Blue and Gray Spring Run are on the site.
Approximately 140 people live within a mile of
the site. Land surrounding the site is
predominantly used to pasture or forage crop
production for dairy cattle operations
Actions:
Remedial activities consisted of the dismantling
and offsite disposal of the Crimm Orchard
packing shed. The remedial activities were
initiated in February 1988 and completed in
April of 1988. Debris that were in contact with
spilled pesticide material were disposed of in a
permitted hazardous waste landfill. Pesticide
material was shipped offsite for incineration.
Debris that did not come into contact with the
pesticide material were placed in a solid waste
landfiU. The ground underneath the shed was
covered with topsoil, regraded, and hydroseeded
to prevent soil erosion.
Treatability studies conducted from May 1986
to April 1987 and April 1989 to January 1990
of the soil from the pesticide pile area indicated
that treatment processes would not be able to
reduce the levels of the contaminants to cleanup
levels specified in the Record of Decision (ROD).
As part of the second phase of the treatabiliry
studies, EPA reviewed the cleanup levels to
determine if they continued to be appropriate
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Leetown Pesticide, Region 3
(Continued)
to protect human health and the environment. An amendment to the ROD, effective March
During this review, it was discovered that the 1992, selected a No Further Action remedy for
methodology used in the initial risk assessment the site.
completed in 1986 was no longer utilized by EPA.
After using updated Risk Assessment Guidance The only remaining remediation activity is to
and calculating a revised risk assessment, EPA properly abandon onsite monitoring wells. This
determined that the contaminants of concern is scheduled to be completed in 1995.
at the site did not pose an unacceptable risk.
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FACT SHEET
Lehigh Electric & Engineering Company, Region 3
Old Forge Borough, Pennsylvania
Status:
All remediation activities have been completed
at the Lehigh Electric & Engineering Company.
The site was removed from the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. The site is
currently vacant and is located on the floodplain
of the Lockawanne River.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of all surface debris, contaminated
soils, and buildings has eliminated all the
threats to human health and the environment.
Future contamination of surrounding soils,
ground water, and surface water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The Leehigh Electric & Engineering Company
site was a 5.5-acre area that was used as part
of a coal processing facility. From the mid-
1970s until 1981, the site served as an electrical
equipment repair and storage yard. About
4,000 transformers and capacitors were stored
at the facility. Improper handling and disposal
of dielectric fluids containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) resulted in soil and debris
contamination. The site was placed on the NPL
on September 1, 1983.
The site is located in an agricultural and
residential area. The Lackawanna River is
located less than 1,000 feet downslope of the
site. Approximately 150 people live within a
residential area adjacent to the site.
Actions:
Remedial activities were divided into two stages:
Phase I involving the removal of the
transformers, transformer contents, and surface
debris from the site; and Phase II involving the
removal of contaminated soils and buildings
from the site. EPA completed Phase I in 1982
and completed Phase II in 1984. The site was
deleted from the NPL on March 7, 1986.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Matthews Electric Hating Site, Region 3
Roanoke, Virginia
Status:
Remedial actions have been completed, and the
site was removed from the National Priorities
List in 1988. The site was purchased in 1990
and is currently used for an auto repair garage.
Results and Benefits:
Residents of a rural area west of Salem, Virginia,
now have a permanent, safe water supply due
to a Superfund project that extended a
municipal water supply. Hookup to the public
water supply has increased property values. The
market value of the Matthews site has also been
restored since the site cleanup. Chromium
levels in the ground water continue to attenuate.
Background:
From 1972 to 1977, the Matthews Electric
Plating site housed a facility that plated
automobile bumpers with a process using
chromium and nickel. Chromium waste from
the process was deposited into a sinkhole near
the Big Hill Baptist Church.
In 1975, a local resident smelled an odor from
his tap water that he knew from his work
experience to be associated with the
electroplating process. Initial testing in 1976
revealed chromium contamination in three local
drinking water wells. The highest chromium
level was 11,000 mg/L, more than 200 times
the safe drinking water standard (50 mg/L).
Process wastes from the Matthews operation
were found to result in contaminated ground
water and onsite soil. Contaminants of concern
were chromium, nickel, and cadmium. The
electroplating facility went out of business in
1977, and the site was later used as a small-
scale pig farming operation.
Actions:
In 1979, the owner of the property removed
waste material, constructed diversion ditches,
and covered parts of the area with clay. In 1986,
chromium contamination in the most highly
contaminated well was still above the safe
drinking water standard. During discussion of
cleanup alternatives, residents and county
officials expressed concern that removal of
onsite waste materials was not sufficient to
alleviate their primary concern: contamination
of local wells. Exposure to high levels of
chromium can result in liver and kidney
disorders.
Providing an alternate water supply proved to
be the most cost-effective remedy to address the
community's concerns about chromium
contamination in private wells. In 1986, 28
homes were connected to the Salem public water
supply, removing the problem of water
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEBT
Mid-Atlantic Wood Preservers, Region 3
Harmans, Maryland
Status:
All near-term remediation construction activities
were completed in August 1993. Long-term
monitoring and operation and maintenance of
the remedy are currently being implemented by
the new owner, Gunther's Leasing Transport,
Inc., and deed restrictions are in place. The
site is being used for industrial and service
purposes.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has removed the threat to
human health and the environment. Excavation
of contaminated soils and the construction of
an asphalt cap have eliminated the direct
contact and ingestion hazards presented by
previuosly exposed contaminants. Future
contamination of surrounding soils and surface
water has also been prevented.
Background:
The Mid-Atlantic Wood Preservers site was a 3-
acre wood treatment facility that straddled
Shipley Avenue in Hannans, Maryland. The
facility consisted of two areas; the treatment
yard, located to the east of Shipley Avenue, and
the storage yard to the west. The facility pressure
treated dimensional lumber in a housed
processing plant from 1974 to 1993. The lumber
was then moved to a concrete drip pad and left
to dry.
In 1978, water in a shallow residential well
downgradient from the site was found to be
contaminated with high levels of hexavalent
chromium. The contamination was the result
of an overflow pipe from a chromate copper
arsenate (CCA) tank used in the treatment yard
of the site. As a result, 26 cubic yards of
contaminated soil were removed from the site;
the facility's product storage system was
modified to prevent future overflows; and a
concrete drainage pad was installed to collect
CCA drippings.
A site investigation in January 1983 revealed
that the levels of arsenic and chromium in the
ground water still exceeded drinking water
standards. The Mid-Atlantic Wood Preservers
site was placed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1986.
Land use in the area is predominantly industrial
and residential. A wetland area, traversed by
the Stony Run Creek, lies 600 feet west of the
site.
Actions:
A remedial investigation confirmed the presence
of arsenic, chromium, and copper in the onsite
soils and slightly elevated levels of chromium
in the ground water. Remediation actions were
conducted in two phases; near-term actions
and long-term actions. Near-term actions
consisted of: excavating, stabilizing, and
disposing 300 cubic yards of contaminated soils
with arsenic concentrations greater than 1,000
mg/kg offsite; capping portions of the treatment
yard that were not covered by the treatment
plant or the asphalt-paved parking area; and
paving contaminated soil areas in the storage
yard where arsenic concentrations exceeded 10
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Mid-Atlantic Wood Preservers* Region 3
(Continued)
mg/kg. Near-term actions were implemented
between June and August 1993.
Long-term actions consist of: long-term
monitoring of surface water and ground water;
operating and maintaining the asphalt cap; and
enacting deed restrictions that will limit the
future land use. In January 1994 a Prospective
Purchaser Agreement between EPA and
Gunther's Leasing Transport, Inc. was finalized.
The long-term actions are being implemented
by the new owner. Deed restrictions have been
enacted.
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COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Middletown Road Dump Site, Region 3
Annapolis, Maryland
Status:
Remediation activities at the Middletown Road
Dump have been completed. The site is now a
closed landfill. The site was deleted from the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1988.
Results and Benefits:
Through emergency removal of hazardous wastes
and evaluations of the extent of the contamination
at the Middletown Dump site, EPA was able to
successfully clean the site and achieve soE cleanup
goals. The site no longer poses a threat to human
health or the environment. Future contamination
of the soil, ground water, and surface water has
been prevented.
Background:
The Middletown Dump site is a 10-15-acre dump
that was privately owned and operated until 1981.
For several decades, the facility accepted rubble,
construction debris, and some industrial and
municipal wastes without proper State permits.
In 1981, 40 drums and four dumpster loads of
suspected hazardous waste were discovered on
the site. The owner was forced to initiate cleanup
when a drum-crushing accident spread
contaminants over a 1/2 acre of the site. The
State subsequently shut the dump down because
of State water pollution violations and hazardous
waste laws. Soil samples of the site indicated
heavy metal contamination, including lead,
arsenic, chromium, zinc, cyanide, barium, and
cadmium.
Approximately 5,000 people live within 1 mile of
the site. A stream flowing from the site enters the
Whitehall Creek, which is used for recreational
purposes.
Actions:
Remedial actions were addressed in two stages:
emergency actions and long-term remediation.
Emergency actions consisted of: sampling soil to
confirm contaminant removal had been adequate;
installing 6 ground-water monitoring wells;
sampling and testing drums; moving 1-million
tires elsewhere onsite to expedite subsurface
investigation; and removing 68 drums, 70
contaminated tires, 5 gallons of marine paint, and
610 tons of contaminated soil. Long-term
remediation consisted of an intensive investigation
of site conditions during and after emergency
actions. The study evaluated water, soil, and
sediment quality in the vicinity of the site and
revealed that there was no longer a threat to
human health. The site was deleted from the NPL
in April 1988.
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COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
New Castle Spill Site. Region 3
New Castle, Delaware
Status:
Monitoring of the ground water, surface water,
and sediments at the New Castle Spill site is
ongoing. Institutional restrictions on placement
of ground-water wells in the vicinity of the site
are in effect. The site is currently fenced and
vacant.
Results and Benefits:
By monitoring the ground water, surface water,
and sediments, and by Umiting the future use
of the ground water until the cleanup levels have
been reached, the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials has been reduced. Surface
cleanup levels have been achieved. Future
contamination of the ground water, surface
water, and surrounding soils has also been
prevented.
Background:
The 6-acre New Castle Spill site consists of land
from the former Witco Corporation
manufacturing plant, the New Castle Board of
Water and Light (NCBWL), and an adjacent
marsh. The Witco Corporation processed
materials used in the production of plastic foam.
Drums of prepolymer feedstocks and spent
solvents were stored on the southern boundary
of the property, adjacent to the NCBWL facility.
In 1977, employees of NCBWL noticed areas of
dead grass on the property near the drum
storage area. Subsequent investigation revealed
levels of tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (tris) in
the soil and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
trichloroethylene fTCE), and tetrachloroethylene
(PCE) in the Columbia Aquifer, a shallow aquifer
underneath the site. Under the direction of the
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Control, NCBWL pumped the
ground water from the Columbia Aquifer and
discharged it to the local marsh area. The site
was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in September 1983.
The site is surrounded by industrial and
residential establishments. Approximately
5,500 people live within 3 miles of the site. The
marsh adjacent to the site consists of emergent
and forested wetlands that support diverse flora
and fauna.
Actions:
Remedial activities consist of: quarterly
monitoring of the Columbia Aquifer to ensure
the effectiveness of natural attenuation; annual
monitoring of a deeper aquifer (Potomac Aquifer)
to ensure contamination has not occured;
annual monitoring of the marsh surface water
and sediments; evaluating and biomonitoring
testing if any trigger levels are reached in the
marsh surface water or sediments; instituting
restrictions on the placement of wells in the
Columbia Aquifer in the vicinity of the site; and
the instituting 5-year reviews. Monitoring and
institutional controls are presently ongoing and
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
New Castle Steel, Region 3
New Castle, Delaware
Status:
The 'selected remedy for the New Castle Steel
site was "No Action." The site was deleted from
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989 and is
currently an inactive landfill.
Results and Benefits:
An endangennent assessment conducted in
1987 concluded that the site did not pose a
significant threat to human health or the
environment.
Background:
The New Castle Steel site is a 3-acre landfill used
by the Deemer Steel Company from 1907 to
1980 to dispose of foundry sands, slag, coke,
iron oxide scale, baghouse dust, and metal
scrap. The site consists of two disposal areas
separated by a drainage canal that runs into
the Delaware River. With the adoption of the
Delaware Regulations Governing Hazardous
Waste in November 1980, electric furnace dust
and any mixture of this material with solid waste
were defined as RCRA hazardous waste (K061).
In December 1980, the electric furnace dust was
found to be charcteristically hazardous for
cadmium, chromium, and lead. The site was
placed on the NPL in 1982.
Actions:
The Deemer Steel Company contracted a
consultant to conduct a hydrogeological study
of the site, and in 1984, the completed study
indicated that the contamination from the site
showed no effect on the aquifer used for drinking
water in New Castle. Soil and surface water
samples indicated low levels of heavy metal
contamination, including arsenic, chromium,
lead, cadmium, and nickel. However, an EPA
endangennent assessment completed in 1987
concluded that there was no significant threat
to human health or the environment. Based on
these facts, EPA chose no action as the selected
remedy for this site. The New Castle Steel site
was deleted from the NPL in March 1989.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Presque Isle, Region 3
Erie, Pennsylvania
Status:
All remediation activities at Presque Isle have
been completed. The site was removed from the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1988.
Results and Benefits:
Plugging the discharging well has eliminated the
threats to human health and the environment.
Future contamination of surrounding air, soils,
ground water, and surface water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The Presque Isle site is located on the Presque
Isle State Park peninsula. In the early 1970s,
the Erie County Health Department discovered
a seep discharging a noxious hydrogen sulfide-
bearing black liquid near Beach No. 7. The
discharge continued until the early 1980s.
Investigations by the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Resources (PADER) revealed
that the source of the discharge was an
unplugged, abandoned natural gas well that
intercepted the Bass Island Formation.
It was unclear whether the fluid discharging
from the Bass Island Formation was a natural
brine or was related to the deep well injection of
wastes by the Hammermill Paper Company,
located near the State Park. The Hammer-mill
Paper Company operated three underground
injection wells between 1964 and 1971, injecting
1.1-billion gallons of neutral sulfite pulping
liquor waste into the Bass Island Formation.
However, because the seep's existence prior to
the documented complaints in the early 1970s
could not be established, EPA did not pursue
the Hammermill Paper Company as a Potentially
Responsible Party.
Presque Isle is a public recreational area used
for picnicking, swimming, and fishing. The park
contains an ecological reservation and is the
natural habitat for a variety of animals and plant
life. Four million visit the park annually.
Actions:
In 1982, the well was plugged with cement down
to 900 feet by the PADER, sealing the Bass
Island formation. The site was placed on the
NPL in 1983 because of the possibility of releases
from other improperly plugged oil and gas wells
in the surrounding area. The site was deleted
from the NPL on February 13, 1988.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Reeser's Landfill, Region 3
Upper Macungie Township, Pennsylvania
Status:
A "No Action" Record of Decision (ROD) was
signed on March 30, 1989. A review of the area
ground water was conducted in March 1993.
The site was deleted from the National Priorities
List (NPL) on May 31,1990. The site is currently
a closed 15-acre landfill.
Results and Benefits:
No significant threats to human health nor the
environment were found to exist.
Background:
Reeser's Landfill site was a 15-acre, inactive,
unlined dump. The lessee, Reeser's Hauling
Service, never received a State license to operate
a disposal facility at the site. The State ordered
the closure of the landfill in 1979 and 1981.
These closure orders were appealed by the
owner. Operations at the site ceased in 1980,
and the site was placed on the NPL in July 1987.
The site is located in a rural area. Homes in the
immediate area rely on private wells for drinking
water. Public wells serve an estimated 3,400
people and are located approximately 2,000 feet
from the site. Rainwater runoff from the landfill
drains to Iron Run, a tributary to the Lehigh
River.
Actions:
Between 1987 and 1989, EPA undertook an
intensive study of the ground-water
contamination and the conditions at the site.
The study showed conclusively that the landfill
was not contaminating the ground water. EPA
found no evidence of hazardous waste dumping
nor any adverse effects on human health or
future land use plans. Based on the results of
the study, EPA determined that no cleanup
actions were required at the site to address the
ground-water contamination. In 1989, EPA
selected a No Action alternative for the site.
However, EPA stated that a review of area ground
water should be conducted within 5 years. The
site was removed from the NPL in May 1990.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Route 94O Drum Dump, Region 3
Pocono Summit, Pennsylvania
Status:
All remediation activities at the Route 940 Drum
Dump have been completed. Ground-water
monitoring will continue on an annual basis
until 1997, when an evaluation will be
performed to determine future monitoring
requirements. The site is currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of contaminated drums and debris
and the treatment of contaminated soils have
eliminated any threats to human health and the
environment, as well as achieving surface
cleanup goals. Future contamination of the
surrounding soil and ground water has also
been prevented.
Background:
The Route 940 Drum Dump site was a 2.5-acre
fenced clearing where approximately 600 drums
of unknown contents from an unknown source
were stored. In 1978, the previous owner of the
site, J.E.M. Partnership, arranged for the
removal of the drums at the request of the owner,
Landmark International. In 1983, the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (PADER) learned that some drums
may have been buried on the site and that the
contents of some drums may have been spilled
on the ground. PADER, with assistance from
EPA, initiated an investigation of the site. In
early 1983, PADER, EPA, and Landmark
International carried out an emergency removal
of buried drums, debris, and approximately 300
tons of contaminated soil. Contaminated
drums, debris, and soil were disposed of at an
approved facility. The site was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in July 1987.
The site is located adjacent to commercial, rural,
and residential areas. Approximately 4,200
people depend on private wells and small public
wells within 3 miles of the site as their sole
source of drinking water. Indian River Creek,
about a mile from the site, is used for fishing.
Recreational fishing and hunting occur in the
area surrounding the site.
Actions:
In January 1987, BCM, a consultant working
for Landmark International, excavated and
stockpiled an additional 4,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil. In April 1987, the stockpiled
soil was shredded, exposed to air for 24 hours,
and returned to the ground. Samples of the
shredded soil showed a 98 percent reduction of
contaminants. In 1989, EPA conducted a
remedial investigation of the site, hi 1992, based
on the results of the remedial investigation, EPA
Region 3 chose a No Action alternative with
ground-water monitoring as the recommended
course of action for the site. The site is currently
awaiting deletion from the NPL.
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Su
UND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Sealand Ltd., Region 3
Mt. Pleasant, Delaware
Status:
The selected remedy for the Sealand Limited site
was "No Action." EPA will conduct a 5-year
review in 1996 to ensure the selected remedy
remains protective of human health and the
environment.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of coal tars, contaminated drums,
tanks, and solid waste has eliminated any
threats to human health and the environment.
Background:
The Sealand Limited site is located on a narrow
strip of land bordered to the west by an active
Conrail freight line. In August 1982, the property
owner, Conrail, leased the property to Sealand
Limited for waste oil recycling. No. 4 and No. 6
oil, oil/gas tar, off-specification creosote, ink oil
waste, and oil cuff (a mixture of oil and water)
were accepted for recycling. Sealand Limited
abandoned the site in August 1983, leaving
behind 21 steel hoppers, a 10,000-gallon
wooden storage tank, 300 55-gallon steel drums,
a boiler house, and various mixing chambers
and pressure vessels.
fa the fall of 1983, the Delaware Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental Control
(DNREC) conducted a routine inspection of the
site and noted leaking drums and tanks.
Samples from the drums and surrounding soil
indicated the presence of pofynudear aromatic
organic compounds, creosols, solvents, and
other organic compounds. In December 1983,
EPA initiated an Emergency Removal Action to
remove 240,000 gallons of coal tar, 320 drums
of tar-like substances, and 122 cubic yards of
solid waste from the site. Also, an additional
239 drums of off-specification product were
removed from the site. Storage tanks were
cleaned and moved. The tank and drum storage
area and a trench constructed to minimize
horizontal movement of contaminants were
capped with clay and covered with 6 inches of
topsoil. Six ground-water monitoring wells were
also installed. The site was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in August 1990.
The site is located adjacent to commercial, light
industrial, and residential areas. Ground water
is used as a source for domestic water supplies.
Actions:
In 1988, 15 Potentially Responsible Parties
(PRPs) agreed to conduct a remedial
investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) at the
Sealand Limited site. Low levels of semivolatile
organic compounds were detected in soil
samples taken below the clay cap. No
contaminants of concern were detected in the
onsite and offsite wells, including residential
wells. As a result, EPA selected a remedy of No
Action for the site. EPA will conduct a 5-year
review in 1996 to ensure that the selected
remedy remains protective of human health and
the environment.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Suffolk City Landfill, Region 3
Suffolk City, Virginia
Status:
The selected remedy for the Suffolk City Landfill
was "No Action." Ground-water monitoring will
be performed to ensure the protectiveness to
human health and the environment. The site
has been deleted from the National Priorities List
(NPL) and is currently a closed 67-acre landfill.
Results and Benefits:
EPA concluded that the site poses a risk to
human health only in the event that
contaminated ground water existing within
certain areas of the site is consumed. No
consumption of this ground water is occurring
at this time and none is expected to occur in
the future. Surface water sampling in the
nearby streams indicates that the contaminant
levels are protective of aquatic life. EPA
concluded that the No Action remedy is
protective of human health and the environment
and that further remedial action under CERCLA
is not warranted.
Background:
The 67-acre Suffolk City Landfill was owned and
operated by the City of Suffolk from 1967 to
1985. The unlined landfill accepted primarily
municipal solid waste. In 1970, however, the
Dixie Guano Company disposed of 27 tons of
chemicals believed to be pesticides in a portion
of the landfill. The pesticides were disposed of
in a lime-lined trench, covered with more lime,
and then capped with 2 feet of soil. In 1989, the
City covered the landfill with an impermeable
tarpaulin plastic liner and posted a warning sign.
In 1989, the City implemented a temporary
leachate collection system (TLCS) and conducted
a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS).
Sampling from the RI/FS indicated that the
ground water, soil, and liquids contained in
retention basins were contaminated with
pesticides. The site was placed on the NPL in
February 1990.
The site is located in a rural and agricultural
area. Approximately 2,500 people obtain drinking
water from private wells located within 3 miles
of the site. Surface runoff from the site discharges
to two unnamed tributaries to the Pocosin
Swamp.
Actions:
A No Action remedy was selected for the site.
Ground-water monitoring will continue to be
performed to ensure that the remedy continues
to be protective of human health and the
environment.
taa
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Taylor Borough Dump, Region 3
Taylor, Pennsylvania
Status:
Remediation activities at the Taylor Borough
Dump have been completed. Operation and
maintenance of the soil cover and the security
fence, as well as ground-water and surface water
monitoring, are ongoing. The site is currently a
125-acre capped landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of contaminated drums, soil, and
debris has eliminated all threats to human
health and the environment. Future
contamination of the surrounding soil, ground
water, and surface water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The 125-acre Taylor Borough Dump was a
former underground strip mine converted into
a municipal dump. The landfill operated from
1964 to 1968. After landfill operations ceased,
drummed industrial wastes were found on site.
M 1981, EPA and the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Resources (PADER) conducted
various field inspections. The majority of the
surface drums were concentrated in six areas.
Many drums were open, punctured with bullet
holes, and the contents spilled on the ground.
In 1983, a fire occurred on the landfill. Mine
spoil was pushed over the burning areas to
extinguish the fire. As a result, some drums
were partially buried. EPA instituted an
Immediate Removal Action in November 1983
and removed 1,200 drums from the site. The
site was placed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in September 1984.
The site is located near a residential area and a
community park. Approximately 1,000 people
live within a 1-mile radius of the site. Residents
obtain drinking water from a surface water
supply that does not receive runoff from the site.
Actions:
Remedial actions consisted of: removing and
disposing of 125 crushed and intact drums at
an offsite facility; collecting and treating
contaminated surface water from two onsite
ponds; excavating contaminated soils and
sediments to an offsite facility; backfilling
excavated areas and covering backfilled areas
with a 24-inch soil cover; installing a chain-link
fence around the soil covered areas; monitoring
ground water and surface water; and
maintaining the soil cover. Remedial activities
were completed in 1988. Operation and
maintenance of the soil cover and the security
fence, as well as ground-water and surface water
monitoring, are ongoing.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Voortman Farm, Region 3
Upper Saucon Township, Pennsylvania
Status:
All remediation activities at the Voortman Farm
have been completed. The site was deleted from
the National Priorities List (NPL) in June 1989.
The site is currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of battery casings, contaminated
soil, and debris, has eliminated all threats to
human health and the environment. Future
contamination of the ground water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The Voortman Farm site consisted of a sinkhole,
48 feet wide by 100 feet deep, located on the
43-acre Voortman Farm. The sinkhole was
formed by the dissolving of the dolomite and
limestone substratum by the aquifer. In late
1979 and early 1980, an estimated 10,000
empty battery casings were dumped into the
sinkhole. Samples taken from the sinkhole in
1983 showed elevated concentrations of heavy
metals. Nearby domestic wells revealed heavy
metal concentrations above maximum
permissible limits. The site was placed on the
NPL in September 1983.
The area surrounding the site is primarily
agricultural. About 9,700 people live in the
Upper Saucon Township.
Actions:
In September 1986, a fire erupted in the
sinkhole. In October 1986, the battery casings
and 230 cubic yards of soil and wastes were
removed from the site in an emergency action
and transported to an authorized landfill.
Studies conducted in 1987 and 1988
demonstrated that the 1986 cleanup had been
effective. EPA selected the remedy "No Action,
with continued monitoring." The site was
deleted from the NPL in June 1989.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NFL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wade (ABBS), Region 3
Chester, Pennsylvania
Status:
All remediation activities at Wade (ABM) have
been completed. Maintenance of the site cap
and the security fence will be performed on an
"as needed" basis. Annual ground-water
monitoring is being conducted by the State. The
site was deleted from the National Priorities List
(NPL) in March 1989. The site is currently
vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Removing the contaminated soil and debris and
regrading the site have mitigated threats to
human health and the environment. Future
contamination of the soil and ground water has
also been prevented.
Background:
The Wade ABM site was a 3-acre area that
operated as a rubber recycling facility from 1950
to the early 1970s. In the mid-1970s the site
was converted into an illegal industrial waste
storage and disposal facility. Drums of waste
were stored on site or emptied onto the ground
or into trenches. Such practices resulted in soil
and ground- water contamination with elevated
levels of heavymetals, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
In 1978, a severe fire occurred at the site,
destroying much of the drummed waste
stockpiled on site. In 1979 and 1980, the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (PADER) conducted an emergency
cleanup of the site. A chain-link fence was
constructed around the site, 2,600 drums and
5 tankers containing waste were removed and
disposed of, and drums of PCB waste were
overpacked and secured. In September 1981,
EPA conducted a second emergency cleanup,
removing and disposing of all but 500 drums of
PCB waste. The site was placed on the NPL in
September 1983.
Actions:
Remedial activities consisted of: removing and
disposing of tires, tank trucks, waste piles,
underground storage tanks, and contaminated
soil; demolishing and removing the buildings
that remained on site; filling and regrading the
property; covering the property with topsoil and
a seed cap; maintaining the cap; and ground
water monitoring. PADER managed the site
cleanup, which was completed in 1987. The
site was removed from the NPL in March 1989.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Westline Site, Region 3
Westline, McKean County, Pennsylvania
Status:
As a result of remedial action, removal of the
tar deposits was completed in 1990; soon
thereafter, the excavated areas were backfilled
and revegetated. The area is open for unlimited
surface reuse. Deed restrictions are in place to
prohibit the construction of new drinking water
wells in the area. The site is currently used for
seasonal recreation, and a restaurant facility
operates onsite.
Results and Benefits:
Superfund cleanup has alleviated contamination
from a turn-of-the-century chemical plant in the
rural town of Westline. One former tar pit area
is now an open field used for gatherings of cross-
country skiers. The local hotel, bar, and
restaurant stand on the site of the former Day
Chemical Company office. As a result of the
cleanup efforts, the previously contaminated
areas are now safe for unlimited surface use.
Background:
The town of Westline is situated along the Kinzua
Creek and is completely surrounded by the
Allegheny National Forest. From 1901 until a
fire and explosion caused its closure in 1952, a
chemical company plant operated in Westline
to convert lumber to charcoal, methanol, and
acetic acid. The designated Superfund site
resulting from the chemical company operation
comprises most of Westline and its adjacent
streams, including Kinzua Creek and Turnip
Run.
The chemical plant foundation, demolition
debris, and a tar-like production waste
containing high levels of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and various phenolic
compounds were left behind by the previous
facility operators. While the plant operated, the
tarry waste accumulated in onsite lagoons, and
small canals allowed the semi-liquid material
to migrate downhill towards Kinzua Creek.
Eventually the waste tar deposits were dispersed
over a large area, some up to 9 feet thick. A
1,500-square-foot, 6-inch-thick deposit is
presently located behind the Westline Church.
Actions:
In 1983, the property owners erected a fence
around the property and posted warning signs.
EPA also conducted two emergency actions at
the site. Workers capped the largest tar deposit
with clay, and covered and graded the area.
Cracks soon appeared in the cover and liquids
began leaching from the area. At this point,
EPA excavated and removed some 2,000 tons
of tarry waste and contaminated soil from the
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wildcat
, Region 3
Dover, Delaware
Status:
All remediation activities at the Wildcat Landfill
have been completed. Long-term maintenance
and monitoring of the landfill cover, the ground
water, the filled Northwest Pond, and the
replacement Racetrack Pond are ongoing. The
site is a closed 44-acre landfill.
Results and Benefits:
Capping the contaminated soils and removing
the contaminated drums have eliminated the
threat to human health and the environment,
The creation of a new pond on site has increased
the ecological value of the site. Future
contamination of the surface water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The Wildcat Landfill site is a 44-acre landfill
situated on an 83-acre parcel of land along the
west bank of the St. Jones River. The privately-
owned landfill accepted municipal and industrial
waste from 1962 to 1973, when it was closed
under a State order for numerous violations of
a State permit. Liquid and solid wastes were
routinely mixed together and emptied onto the
ground. Empty drums were recycled, and waste-
containing drums were often left uncovered.
Samples taken from the site revealed that the
ground water was contaminated with trace
metals and organics and that the soil and
surface water from an onsite pond (Northwest
Pond) were contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyts (PCBs) and chlordane. The site was
added to the National Priorities List (NPL) in
September 1983.
The area surrounding the site is used for
recreational and residential activities. The Dover
Air Force Base NPL site is approximately 1/2
mile east of the landfill. Local residents rely on
ground water for drinking water supplies and
are served by public or private wells.
Actions:
Remedial activities at the site were divided into
two operable units; Operable Unit 1 and
Operable Unit 2. Remedial activities at OU1
consisted of: covering exposed wastes and
contaminated soil on the landfiE; disposing of
contaminated drums off site; installing an
additional ground-water monitoring well;
monitoring a shallow ground-water aquifer;
replacing shallow water supply wells adjacent
to the site; and implementing institutional
controls (e.g., a ground water management zone,
property restrictions, and warning signs).
Remedial activities at OU1 were completed by
mid-September 1992.
Remedial activities at OU2 consisted of; draining
and backfilling the Northwest Pond; creating a
replacement pond (Racetrack Pond) on the
southeast corner of the site; installing a
monitoring well upgradient of Racetrack Pond;
and implementing institutional controls to
ensure the integrity of the new pond and the
filled Northwest Pond. Remedial activities at
OU2 were completed by mid-September 1992.
Long-term maintenance and monitoring of the
landfill cover, the ground water, the filled
Northwest Pond, and Racetrack Pond are
ongoing.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Action Manufacturing Company (Amcom) Site, Regio
Chester County, Pennsylvania
Status:
All planned removal actions have been
completed at this 200-acre working munitions
facility that produces fuses, lead, and detonating
devices.
Results and Benefits:
EPA, in conjunction with other Federal and State
agencies, safely removed the threat of stockpiled,
off-specification munitions and waste generated
from munition fabrication processes. The threat
of a catastrophic explosion due to accidental
ignition was eliminated. Controlled detonations
and burnings were carefully planned and
monitored and had no adverse effects.
Background:
The site is located in rural Chester County,
Pennsylvania. An adjacent river, Knight Run,
and several of its tributaries transect the site.
This area is in an agricultural community of
farming and dairy production.
The Action Manufacturing Company (Amcom)
loads, assembles, packs, and tests explosives
and pyrotechnic compounds and devices, as well
as completed fuses, for numerous military
applications. Explosive materials are stored in
onsite magazines, washed and processed onsite,
and incorporated into the final military-grade
products for packaging and shipping. Since
1974, wastestreams generated by the process
have been disposed of onsite, primarily by open
burning in surface pits, onsite detonation, and
incineration. Due to these improper disposal
practices as witnessed during a site
investigation in 1992, the State would not
permit further burning or detonation of wastes.
Because of the stockpiling of explosive wastes,
past use of detonation fields, the potential for
contamination of the drinking water source,
and the presence of unstable wastes in the bum
pits, EPA and the State determined in February
1992 that a removal action was necessary to
mitigate these problems.
Actions:
During the removal, onsite thermal treatment
was used to neutralize the explosive wastes.
To assuage local concerns, EPA and the State
set up seismographic equipment and
performed tests to document whether such an
explosive force would have the potential to
shake loose foundation footings in area
residential neighborhoods. Three types of
thermal treatment were used: burning of
material in burn pits and burn cages, heating
of detonators until they exploded in a oil-
burning "popping* kettle, and open detonation
in the detonation field. Another method used
was transportation of the wastes by the U.S.
Army to an Army facility. Using all the methods,
approximately 100 pounds of primary
explosives and 1,600 pounds of secondary
explosives were disposed of.
10*
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
American Street Tannery Site, Region 3
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Status:
Removal actions are complete, and this site has
now been declared closed by the On-Scene
Coordinator because no further work is
indicated. The lot is now ready for
redevelopment.
Benefits and Results:
The first removal action alleviated a substantial
threat to public health and welfare and the
environment based upon the threat of hazardous
substances in drums, barrels, tanks, and bulk
storage containers. Also, a threat of fire or
explosion was posed by these materials.
The second removal action alleviated the threat
of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination
to surrounding residents. Three drums of PCB-
contaminated fluid, 12 drums of contaminated
debris and wash kerosene, 6 rinsed and empty
transformers, and 10 cubic yards of
contaminated concrete flooring were removed.
These successful operations alleviated potential
threats to the surrounding densely populated
inner-city neighborhood. The buildings have
been removed, and the debris disposed of
property. The site has been sampled, and results
indicated that no PCB contamination remained
at the site. The potential for redevelopment on
this one-city-block parcel now exists.
Background:
The American Street Tannery was located on
approximately one city block bordered by
American, George, Wildey, and Bodine Streets
in the Northern Liberties section of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. A complex of five buildings
housed several different tanning companies
until 1986 when operations at the tannery were
abandoned. Row houses and light industry
surrounded the area. Bordering the site on the
north was a carriage company that kept a
number of horses.
Actions:
Two separate removal actions took place at this
site. The initial removal action started August
6, 1987, and was completed on July 7, 1988.
This action identified, analyzed, and disposed
of many hazardous materials stored in various
types of containers throughout the structure.
During the course of removal action, it was
found that the following materials had been
abandoned on the premises: sulfuric acid,
tanning acids, unknown substances, in drums,
leather trimmings that were contaminated with
chromium, ethyl ether and picric acid (both
shock-sensitive materials), and PCBs. EPA
CERCLA Removal Enforcement contacted all of
the tanning companies that had operated at this
location. Each was requested to provide
assistance with the removal action, but none
was able to contribute to site stabilization or
waste removal efforts. EPA enforcement
personnel, however, coordinated the removal of
usable tannery chemicals including dyes,
emulsifiers, and soaps for reuse in the tanning
industry. Be reusing these products, the
additional cost of having the products disposed
of as hazardous materials was saved. This
action was deemed completed by the OSC in
July 1988.
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American Street Tannery Site, Region 3
(Continued)
On July 7, 1990, a. fire severely damaged the estimated 2 quarts of PCB-contaminated fluid
buildings at the site, resulting in the decision had leaked from the transformer casings onto
by the City of Philadelphia officials to demolish the sidewalk. Investigation by EPA, the technical
the structures. Upon inspection by demolition assistance team, and the Philadelphia Fire
crews, six transformers were discovered in a Department revealed that the PCB-
formerly secured transformer/electrical contaminated material posed a threat to
substation room, two of which contained PCB- surrounding residents. EPA removed and
contaminated fluid. disposed of the transformers and associated
PCB-contaminated materials in an approved
On July 26,1990, vandals, in an effort to salvage manner. The second removal action was
copper from utility transformers, spilled PCB- completed on July 6, 1990.
contaminated oils on the sidewalk at the
intersection of George and Bodine Streets. An
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Army Creek Landfill, Region 3
New Castle, Delaware
Status:
EPA is currently supervising remedial activities
being performed by responsible parties at this
site. Waste contributors began building a
multilayer cap over Army Creek Landfill in the
spring of 1992. In addition, workers have
started construction of a water treatment plant
to decontaminate discharge from the recovery
wells.
Results and Benefits:
By promptly addressing the immediate risk of
ground-water contamination, the Superfund
program reduced the threat to drinking water
supplies posed by the Army Creek Landfill. EPA
also responded to immediate ecological concerns
in the nearby wetlands area by orchestrating
comprehensive cleanup actions for the site.
EPA successfully concluded negotiations with
18 parties responsible for the contaminants at
the site. Under the terms of the settlement, the
waste contributors will design and conduct a
$25 million cleanup, reimburse EPA for $1
million of previously incurred costs, and fund
future EPA oversight costs, estimated at another
$1 million. This settlement provides recovery
of approximately 71 percent of past response
costs.
In addition, Federal and State natural resource
trustees have received $800,000 to help
counteract damages to wetlands and aquatic life.
Although construction activities are not
scheduled to be completed until the spring of
1995, the potential for contaminant release at
this site has already been eliminated by early
response actions.
Background;
The Army Creek Landfill, a former sand and
gravel quarry, lies approximately 2 miles
southwest of New Castle, Delaware. The
abandoned landfill is bordered by Army Creek,
which discharges into the Delaware River
approximately 1 mile east of the site.
A residential community and a public supply
well field are located less than 1 mile south of
the site. An estimated 130,000 people live within
3 miles of the site and rely on ground water for
household use.
Next to the landfill is the Delaware Sand and
Gravel Landfill, another Superfund site. New
Castle County owned and operated the 47-acre
Army Creek Landfill between 1960 and 1968,
when it was filled to capacity with 2 million cubic
yards of industrial and municipal wastes. A
variety of chemicals also were discarded in the
landfill.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy
metals such as chromium, mercury, and zinc
have contaminated the ground water. The
surface water is also degraded.
Actions:
In 1983, this site was included on the first
National Priorities List (NPL). At this time, EPA
conducted an in-depth analysis of the nature
and extent of contamination at the site. The
county aided in the initial steps for cleanup by
providing an analysis of potential cleanup
alternatives, including corrective measures for
the site. Their analysis was completed in
September 1986.
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Army Creek Landfill, Region 3
(Continued)
In 1986, EPA chose a remedy to control the
source of ground-water contamination. The first
phase involved installing a protective cap to
prevent rainfall from infiltrating into and
through the hazardous waste. A recovery well
network previously installed by the county to
capture contaminated ground water continued
operations. These recovery weEs also were used
to monitor the effectiveness of the cap over a 5-
year period.
In February 1990, EPA evaluated Army Creek
and Army Creek Pond. Resulting data indicated
elevated concentrations of heavy metals. In
June 1990, EPA selected a cleanup remedy for
the surface water, which involved construction
of a water treatment plant. The treatment plant
purifies the water brought up by the recovery
wells prior to discharge into Army Creek. EPA
plans to undertake a long-term monitoring
program of ground water, surface water,
sediments, and associated wetlands affected by
the site.
Following extensive negotiations with EPA, the
waste contributors began construction of the
selected remedies in the spring of 1992.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Atwell Mountain Drum Site, Region 3
McDowell County, West Virginia
Status;
This emergency removal was effectively complete
within 5 days of EPA's being notified. Traces of
the contamination have been removed, and the
improperly disposed wastes at this site no longer
pose a threat to the surrounding population or
the environment.
Results and Benefits:
Extremely toxic cyanides were prevented from
spreading further in the environment at this
remote mountain-top site. Exposure routes
would have included air (by inhalation of
hydrogen cyanide), soil, and surface and ground
water, as well as direct contact with the
improperly disposed wastes. Risks to both
human health and the local ecosystems were
quickly removed.
Background:
This site is in an isolated location that appears
to be infrequently traveled, a few hundred yards
from a well-kept church and cemetery and over
2 miles from a paved highway. The nearest
resident lives less than 1/2-mile from the site.
This wooded mountain-top location near the end
of a steep gravel road was previously used as
an unauthorized trash dumping ground.
Actions:
On August 30,1987, staff from the West Virginia
Department of Natural Resources (WVDNR)
responded to a local resident's complaint that
several drums had been abandoned along a
rural road near Atwell, West Virginia. EPA was
notified after WVDNR inspectors noted that two
of three drums labeled "Poisonous—Contact
with Acids Emanates Poisonous Gases" were
open and had spilled a white, granular solid
substance onto the ground. Four more of the
16 drums were labeled "Solid Waste." EPA
conducted a preliminary air analysis in this area
the next day and found the presence of cyanide,
an extremely poisonous, highly water-soluble
substance. The following day, EPA contractors
arrived to perform the emergency removal work
using hand tools. During the next 2 days, they
overpacked the drums for safe, temporary
storage and filled an additional seven drums
with contaminated soil for disposal. These
drums were stored at the site while
arrangements were made for their
transportation and disposal at the proper
facility. All drums have been properly and
permanently disposed of.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Avtez Fibers Site, Region 3
Warren County, Virginia
Status:
The initial threats at this site have been either
removed or stabilized, and the removal work is
completed. This site was placed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. Work is in progress
under Superfund's remedial program to
methodically inspect and assess the remaining
long-term threats. With the readily identified
threats stabilized by the removal action, work
is now progressing to fully characterize the
remaining hazardous materials onsite including
drums, sewers, and bottoms of the collecting
ponds.
Results and Benefits:
All stormwater runoff and other sewers at the
facility were diverted to flow through the
revamped treatment plant prior to discharge into
the Shenandoah River. The Shenandoah is a
tributary to the Potomac River, and provides
drinking water to several towns. This action
has mitigated contamination of the river by
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the site.
The immediate removal action was also
responsible for stabilization of the site,
preventing potential major catastrophe in
nearby Front Royal. Large quantities of highly
reactive process chemicals were removed from
the site.
Background:
The Avtex Fibers site was a synthetic
manufacturing facility that had produced rayon
fibers since 1940. The facility is located on a
440-acre site that lies along the South Fork of
the Shenandoah River at the northern end of
the Blue Ridge Mountains. The plant had been
the sole supplier of carbonizable rayon fibers
used to form rocket nozzles for NASA's space
shuttle. The plant became the subject of
environmental concern by the community over
discharges of PCBs into the Shenandoah River,
as well as violations of other environmental
standards. PCBs are considered toxic to aquatic
life and a possible human carcinogen. The
facility used the viscose method for rayon
production and placed process wastes in 18
unlined basins on the site. Increasing concern
about the integrity of these basins and other
discharges led the Commonwealth of Virginia
to pursue legal recourse against Avtex under
its water discharge authority.
On November 11, 1989, the plant was notified
that the Virginia Water Control Board had
refused to renew its water discharge permits.
Avtex informed the State that the plant was in
the process of being shut down. After the
facility had abandoned the site, EPA was left
with temporary responsibility for at least
minimal site security and system operations to
protect both the nearby residents and the
environment. Over 300 tons of carbon disulfide,
a poisonous liquid that could present an acute
fire and explosion hazard if mishandled,
required careful regulation. Eight hundred
thousand (800,000) gallons of 87 percent
sulfuric acid and assorted process chemicals
including sodium hydroxide (lye) and chlorine
and ammonia gases also required careful
attention to ensure that no disaster occurred.
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Avtex Fibers Site, Region 3
(Continued)
EPA officials had been working with the firm,
conducting an ongoing cleanup at the plant,
prior to the shutdown by Avtex personnel.
Actions:
EPA mobilized within a matter of hours to
stabilize and secured the abandoned facility. An
imminent hazards inventory was conducted as
well as the decommissioning of various chemical
production and support lines. The wastewater
treatment plant was revamped by EPA, and all
stonnwater runoff and other sewers at the
facility were diverted to go through the treatment
plant prior to being discharged to the
Shenandoah River.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Belfield Avenue Site, Region 3
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Status:
This emergency response removal action was
completed in October 1989. At the conclusion
of this action, the site was slated for remedial
investigation to assess the need for further
activity.
Results and Benefits:
Because the identified responsible party (RP) was
unable to perform the entire removal, EPA
addressed the situation, eliminating the threat
of fire posed by thousands of gallons of organic
solvents contained in the building. Threats
posed by hazardous substances including lead
compounds, asbestos, explosive materials, and
poisonous chemicals were also abated.
Background:
The Belfield Avenue site contained a large 3-story
building of approximately 120,000 square feet
situated in the Germantown section of
Philadelphia. The building housed the Visual
Packaging Co., a chemical repackaging and
specialty chemical blending company, and
several small businesses involved in the
manufacturing of rugs, furniture, and other
wood products. The products produced by
Visual Packaging included hand soap, gasfinder,
waterfinder, zinc oxide products, methanol
blends, brake fluid, and isopropyl alcohol.
On July 14, 1987, the Visual Packaging Co.
building was damaged by explosions followed
by fire. Effects of the blasts on the building
included blown-out walls, a collapsed roof, and
fire damage to the interior and to stored
materials. Upon the discovery of hazardous
materials in the building, the Philadelphia Fire
Department requested EPA assistance.
Actions:
The EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) and
members of the Technical Assistance Team (TAT)
responded to the request by the Philadelphia
Fire Department. No entry was made into the
building on July 14 because of unsafe
conditions. On July 15, TAT personnel
performed a site assessment. Numerous tanks
were found to contain fuel products, organics,
and many drums (some damaged, some
containing oils, and some with unknown
contents). Six 1,000-gallon tanks and one
7,000-gallon tank filled with organic solvents
were present Approximately 300 55-gallon
drums, 100 miscellaneous containers
containing unknown materials, and 3 tons of
lead-based products were also observed.
EPA representatives met with the owner of
Visual Packaging to discuss the materials that
remained in the building and the unknown
contents of barrels found on the roof. The latter
had been left in the building by a previous
tenant, who had left the property after
bankruptcy of his business. The current owner
agreed to take responsibility of cleanup of his
own products and raw materials. A Consent
Agreement was signed on July 23, 1987. The
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) determined that work could commence
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Belfield Avenue Site, Region 3
(Continued)
after portions of the building had been stabilized
and work areas defined.
Because the RPwas unable to initiate a cleanup
in a timely fashion, the OSC activated Superfund
to begin an EPA removal action on August 20,
1987. The emergency response contractor began
the cleanup activities.
A section of the roof had collapsed on many of
the drums and containers. This debris, along
with the shoring-up of wells, were addressed
first. After the building was determined safe by
a structural engineer, an asbestos removal
contractor was brought in by the emergency
response contractor to remove pipe insulation.
A demolition contractor was hired to remove
debris from the collapsed roof. Air monitoring
was performed by the TAT throughout
demolition activities. Drums and containers
were staged for onsite sampling and analysis as
they were uncovered. Wastestreams were
segregated according to compatibility, and
containers were overpacked as necessary and
staged for disposal.
EPA enforcement personnel remained in contact
with the RP throughout the project. Site security
was provided during the cleanup on a 24-hour-
per-day basis.
By the time this action was concluded,
numerous containers had been sent to
hazardous waste disposal contractors as far
away as Arkansas and South Carolina. Six 20-
cubic-foot rolloffs of contaminated debris were
sent to Waste Conversion of Hatfield,
Pennsylvania. Approximately 10,000 gallons of
used decontamination water were sent to Chem-
Clear of Chester, Pennsylvania. One 20-cubic-
foot rolloff at crushed drums was sent to GSX of
Pinewood, South Carolina. Almost 100 drums
of assorted hazardous materials including
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), acid liquids,
oxidizers, flammables, organ!cs, cyanide solids,
and peroxides, and 25 drums of pesticides were
sent to ENSCO of El Dorado, Arkansas. Three
truckloads containing drums of base-neutral
organics, cyanide liquids, flammable liquids, and
other organic chemicals were sent to Caldwell
Systems of Lenoir, South Carolina. Seven drums
of corrosive liquids were sent to Chem Waste
Management of Newark, New Jersey. One drum
of flammable liquid was sent to Frontier
Chemical Waste Process in Niagara Falls, New
York. At various times, usable products such
as glue were transported offsite for reuse in
industry.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP), an insecticide and
wood preservative, was a constituent of
materials used in the wood shop. At the time of
the action there were no permitted facilities for
PCP-contaminated waste. The PCP-
contaminated materials were then secured in a
fire-resistant vault onsite. OSC declared the
project closed on October 1989 as no further
action could be taken.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Bellinger Steel Plant Site, Region 3
Ambridge, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
Status:
This removal site was declared closed by the
On-Scene Coordinator on June 13, 1991.
Benefits and Results:
The removal action at the Bellinger Steel Plant
has reduced the threats of explosion due to
acetylene, which can be generated by exposure
of calcium carbide to water. Cyanide and other
hazardous materials were also a threat to the
densely populated residential community.
Reuse of the calcium carbide by an acetylene
manufacturer demonstrates the benefits of
waste minimization and turns a hazardous
substance into a commercially valuable asset,
while avoiding expensive disposal costs.
Background:
The site is located in Ambridge, Beaver County,
Pennsylvania. The surrounding area is mainly
industrial/commercial; however, the Ambridge
Area High School, three churches, an industrial
park, and approximately 20 homes are located
within a 1/4-mile radius of the site.
The Bellinger Steel Plant site consists of two
irregularly shaped parcels, with a total area of
approximately 2.7 acres. Eight above-ground
storage tanks and an interconnected one- and
two-story industrial facility of approximately
90,000 square feet were located on one parcel.
The second parcel had three small brick
structures and one partially underground brick
structure housing three storage tanks that were
half-submerged in water.
Two hundred twenty-two drums, 291 cubic
yards, 7,300 gallons, and 114.75 tons of
combined hazardous materials were removed
from the site. In addition, 77 drums of calcium
carbide were recycled, and 199,538 gallons of
wastewater were treated and discharged into the
local sewer system.
The abandoned Bellinger Steel Plant was
referred to the EPA Removal Action Branch by
EPA's Office of Regional Counsel, which
requested an investigation due to conditions at
the site. On February 14, 1990, an investigation
in coordination with the Internal Revenue
Service mortgage holders confirmed areas of
public health and environmental concern. A
fire and/or explosion threat posed by corrosive
wastes stored in a structurally unsound building
prompted the OSC to initiate a removal action.
Analysis of random samples collected from tanks
and drums revealed flashpoints of less than
140°F. In addition, several tanks were located
in an area that was not secure and was
accessible by the general public. Tanks, vats,
and drums had no secondary containment, and
the site drainage entered the city storm sewer
system which discharges into the Ohio River,
approximately 2,400 feet west of the site. The
sensitive location of the site, a highly populated
area, further substantiated the necessity to
initiate removal activities.
Actions:
Phase I of the removal action consisted of
overpacking and securing all 77 calcium carbide
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Bollinger Steel Plant Site, Region 3
(Continued)
drums. On April 21, 1990, an exothermic
reaction occurred within one drum during
overpacking/bulking operations, producing
acetylene gas. The emergency response
contractor isolated the drum from the staging
area, and local fire department support was
deployed.
During Phase II, the emergency response
contractor mobilized the calcium carbide
treatment operations and set up a weather
station to monitor atmospheric conditions
during destruction of the calcium carbide. On
August 1, 1990, the emergency response
contractor initiated treatment of the calcium
carbide, using the calcium carbide reaction and
destruction system (CCRDS) for thermal
oxidation and treatment of the materials onsite.
OSC was then contacted by an acetylene
manufacturing processor, who inquired if the
calcium carbide onsite could be acquired for its
acetylene manufacturing processes. By August
2, 1990, 300 pounds of calcium carbide had
been treated onsite with the CCRDS. The
remainder of the calcium carbide was shipped
to the acetylene manufacturer for processing.
Phase III consisted of discharging site
wastewater into the local sewer system. The
consulting engineer for the Ambridge Sewage
Treatment Plant (ASTP) requested that all
discharges be adjusted to pH 7 and comply with
all Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources discharge requirements. The cost
levied by ASTP to EPA for discharging into the
system was 3 cents per gallon. The wastewater
treatment and discharge and removal of cyanide
sludge from the above-ground storage tanks was
complete on December 12, 1990.
Removal activities for Phases IV and V included
tank removal and dewatering/ desludging
operations, decommissioning of an underground
storage tank, and final disposal. Seven drums
of waste were generated from tank
decontamination operations. The last drum of
waste was removed from the site for disposal
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Coleman Testing Laboratory, Region 3
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Status:
All planned removal actions for the
contaminated third floor were completed with
the transportation of the final drums of
hazardous materials on March 1, 1993. The
former occupants of the building have returned.
The printing operation remains in the first floor
area.
Results and Benefits:
Because residences are immediately adjacent
to the site and row houses are across the street,
nearby residents were at risk of direct contact,
inhalation, and ingestion of hazardous vapors
and fumes. These threats, due to indiscriminate
storage of incompatible substances, have been
removed. Some of the substances, such as picric
acid and ether, had converted to shock-sensitive,
explosive forms. This action has eliminated the
threat of fire and/or explosion by complete
removal of these potential hazards. Radioactive
sources found at the site have been properly
disposed of, thus removing the source for
potential contact.
Background:
This site is a three-story building located in a
residential area of Philadelphia. Heavily
developed residential and commercial areas lie
within a mile of the site. Operations were
conducted at the site by the Coleman Testing
Company until 1981. The current owners
operate a printing business on the first floor.
The second floor of the building is used as a
residence, and the third floor housed the
laboratory. City representatives inspected the
building in October 1992 and discovered the
laboratory chemicals stored on the third floor.
Citations were issued to the building owner, but
no actions were taken. EPA was requested by
the State to assist in a further site inspection.
Hazardous substances found at the abandoned
laboratory, based upon visual observations and
container labeling during the inspections,
included two hydrogen sulfide gas cylinders,
several containers of picric acid, numerous
flammable liquids containers, acids of several
varieties, and radioactive materials.
Actions:
EPA conducted a removal action at the site from
November 3 to November 16,1992. The action
consisted of characterization and segregation of
the hazardous substances; stabilization of the
containers; characterization of the contents
of the drums, containers, and packages for
disposal purposes; and transportation and
disposal of the hazardous substances offsite.
Mercury levels were monitored in a third-floor
room where mercury had been spilled. Mercury
contamination was found to be present in the
air. In all, 77 drums of Labpacked chemicals, 4
compressed gas cylinders, 3 drums of
hydrochloric acid, and one 5-gallon pail of
radioactive material were removed from the site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Eastern Diversified Metals Site, Region 3
Schuykill County, Pennsylvania
Status:
Following a September 1991 order, the site
owner and waste contributors removed and
disposed of miscellaneous onsite debris,
initiated ground-water studies, and unproved
the existing fence around the site.
In July 1992, EPA selected recycling to clean
up the plastic insulation waste. Because the
responsible parties failed to reach a negotiated
settlement, EPA issued a unilateral order in
June 1993, directing them to perform and
finance the recycling remedy. Remedial
measures are ongoing at the site. This site
remains on the National Priorities List (NPL).
Results and Benefits:
For the first time, the Superfund program
selected onsite waste recycling as the primary
cleanup strategy for a hazardous waste site.
More than 350-million pounds of plastic
insulation waste formed an enormous mountain
on the property. Because of the large volume of
that single type of waste, recycling was a cost-
effective alternative to landfilling and
incineration. The plan demonstrated EPA's
ability to resolve a complex situation with a
simple, yet creative, solution. By working with
the State, community members, and waste
contributors, Superfund personnel:
« Designed an effective cleanup that
would be privately financed and
conducted; and
« Demonstrated how recyclable
hazardous waste could be converted into
a marketable product whose sale would
help finance the cost of cleanup.
The Mauch Chunk Formation, one of the largest
aquifers in northeastern Pennsylvania that
underlies the site as well as surrounding
communities, has been spared the potential for
contaminant migration. The threat of
contaminated drinking water affecting more
than 1,400 local residents who draw from wells
connected to the Mauch Chunk Formation has
also been eliminated.
Background:
Eastern Diversified Metals Corporation is a
former wire reclamation facility in Rush
Township, Pennsylvania. The 25-acre site is
bordered by a home and several businesses, as
well as State game lands. A tributary of the
Little Schuykill River flows adjacent to the site.
Beginning in 1966, the facility reclaimed copper
and aluminum by stripping plastic and fiber
insulation from electrical wires and cables and
disposing of the waste behind the processing
facility. Eventually the waste material, referred
to as "fluff," formed a 40- to 60-foot mountain
that encompassed 7.5 acres and weighed more
than 350-million pounds. Dioxin,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
polychlorinated napthalenes (PCNs) were found
at dangerous levels at the site. Other debris,
including unstripped wire and cable, cable
spools, scrap metal, and wooden pallets, were
dumped in several small piles around the site.
Complaints about odors and leachate originating
from the piles at the site prompted initial
investigations. A fire ignited the "fluff* in 1977
and burned for almost 2 weeks. Fighting the
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Eastern Diversified Metals Site, Region 3
(Continued)
fire proved very difficult because the flames
burned underneath the surface.
Actions:
EPA first became involved at the site in 1983
after preliminary inspections by the State
revealed these dangerous contaminants on the
site. Subsequent investigations were completed
by EPA, the State, and the property owner
between 1984 and 1987. In 1989, the site was
formally added to the NPL.
In October 1987, EPA signed an agreement with
the owner and the major contributor of the waste
to conduct comprehensive studies to determine
the nature and extent of contamination. The
studies were completed in 1990.
In September 1991, EPA ordered the responsible
parties to remove miscellaneous debris from the
site, repair the fence, and undertake additional
ground-water studies. In July 1992, EPA issued
the waste recycling remedy for the "fluff." Under
the plan, this material would be recycled onsite
using two recycling methods. One method, bulk
processing, converts the "fluff" into a solid
plastic mass that can then be used to fabricate
tiles, mats, fenders, cushions, plastic lumber,
traffic cones, and highway barriers. The second
method separates the plastics from the soil and
debris through a "sink-float* process using
water. This process is used to separate the
polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastics. The PE and PVC plastics are then
formed into pellets that can be used as raw
materials in the manufacture of new plastics or
as ingredients in concrete or blacktop. All
nonrecyclable materials and contaminated soil
were taken to offsite landfills.
EPA and the State supervised removal activities
until January 1993. Cleanup actions to remove
the nonrecyclable debris piles were completed
in the summer of 1993.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
E-Z Chemical Site, Region 3
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Status:
The work at E-Z Chemical site was completed
within 13 months under the Superfund removal
program. All emergency removal actions have
been completed at the site. The facility remains
vacant and unused.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the emergency removal actions,
the threat to the surrounding community of fire
and/or explosion due to the crowded staging of
incompatible and unknown hazardous materials
has been eliminated. EPA's success in obtaining
removal of product by its owner/manufacturer
minimized disposal, which resulted in the
savings of thousands of Superfund dollars.
Background:
The 1.5-acre facility was a chemical storage and
repackaging operation located in an urban area.
Adjacent to the site is a meat processing facility
and limousine/bus service. An apartment
complex is located 2 blocks to the south, to
and around the facility were a variety of
chemicals stored in over 10,000 55-gallon
drums, 3,000 laboratory containers, and 30
tanks. On the southwestern end of the property
was a large bulk storage tank (approximately
70 feet high by 60 feet in diameter) that served
a warehouse for over 600 drums, many of
unknown identity. There were 6 inches of water
on its floor upon initial discovery. Access into
the tank was obtained by cutting a hole in its
side through which a 5-ton truck could be
driven. It was suspected that repeated
discharges of chemicals into a sanitary sewer
system had taken place as evidenced by ground
discoloration around a sewer culvert in the
street.
In a second-floor laboratory, 5 containers of
ether, 25 1-gallon bottles of acids, and
approximately 15016-ounce bottles of unlabeled
liquids were found. A partial list of the chemicals
identified from the site laboratory includes:
Acetic Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Phenol
Sulfuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Ethyl Butanol
Aniline
Hydrogen Peroxide
Phosphoric Acid
Anhydrous Ether
Ammonium Hydroxide
Sodium Chlorite
(water-reactive)
Actions:
Actions were implemented under the Superfund
removal authority due to the immediate threat
to human health and the environment. Given
the immense volumes of chemical materials at
the site, the initial action was to locate as much
usable product as possible and have the owner/
manufacturer remove their product. This action
greatly reduced the amount of money spent for
treatment and removal.
While site personnel segregated usable product,
all other leaking and deteriorating drums were
promptly staged for disposal. Due to space
constraints, drums were color-coded with spray
paint so that site personnel could count the
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E-Z Chemical Site, Region 3
(Continued)
number of drums in each wastestream,
segregate them, and prepare bids for disposal.
Known chemicals were bulked with their
compatability group; however, unknown
chemicals had to be hauled by a special
subcontractor. Materials from deteriorating
barrels in the "large tank" ultimately had to be
pumped into transport trucks for offsite
disposal.
In all, EPA disposed of 2,188 product drums,
6,268 empty drums, 789 bulked labpack
containers, and 24 gallons of undmmmed liquid.
Owners and manufacturers reclaimed 1,299
drums of product, 164 empty drums, 77,286
gallons of undrummed liquid, 39 tons of
undrummed solids, and 7 small containers of
dispersant.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Fikc/Artel Chemical Site, Region 3
Kanawah County, West Virginia
Status:
Removal work at the site is complete, with an
attractive 8-foot-high grass-covered berm
bounding three sides. Treatment of the
contaminated ground water is in progress, with
completion estimated to occur after the year
2000.
Results and Benefits:
Immediate threats to the public and the
environment were minimized. Small quantities
of assorted chemicals were secured from public
access while the large quantities of sodium and
methyl mercaptan found on the site were made
available for commercial reuse by local industry.
EPA's Superfund program responded quickly to
defuse an emergency situation and to clean up
this difficult, large-volume contamination.
Background:
This 12-acre site, located in a 100-year
floodplain just east of the Kanawah River, was
the site of a specialty chemical formulating
facility. The site is surrounded by other
commercial and industrial operations, including
a tank truck washing facility and a drilling
supply. Twenty-five hundred residents live
within 1/2-mile of the site. The site is located
500 feet west of the downtown commercial area
of Nitro. The municipal swimming pool, a
retirement home and park, and the Nitro Junior
High School are 1/4-mile south of the site.
The Fike/Artel product line included specialty
chemicals that were used as raw materials by
other chemical companies in the area. Due to
violations of the Clean Water Act, the site was
the subject of investigation by the West Virginia
Department of Natural Resources (WVDNR) in
1976 and by EPA in 1979. The site was placed
on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983.
Subsequent cleanup orders and inspections by
EPA and WVDNR resulted in varying compliance
by plant authorities regarding the onsite
handling and storage of hazardous materials.
In June 1988, the company closed and
abandoned the site, leaving behind a wide variety
and large quantity of poorly protected chemicals
that posed various threats to human health and
the environment.
The abandoned site consisted of approximately
15 buildings, including process areas,
laboratories, waste storage buildings, lagoons,
and a wastewater treatment building. In
addition, approximately 300 bulk storage and
process tanks are present in various stages of
dilapidation; these contain acids, bases,
flammables, and cyanides. Among the
hazardous and noxious chemicals found onsite
were a 30-pound deteriorating cylinder of
extremely poisonous hydrogen cyanide; 100,000
pounds of metallic sodium (which combines with
water so vigorously that the evolved hydrogen
is ignited); 9,000 gallons of methylmercaptan;
and an assortment of bulk Hquid and solid
materials of lesser threat.
Actions:
After this site was abandoned, the EPA
Emergency Response team secured the site from
public access to minimize the immediate threats
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Pike/Artel Chemical Site, Region 3
(Continued)
to the community and the environment.
Subsequently, they characterized and addressed
the wide variety of materials present. Nearby
chemical companies removed and disposed of
the sodium and methyl mercaptan. Nearly 10-
million gallons of contaminated water were
treated and discharged. In this effort, 8,000
laboratory containers, 1,500 cubic yards of
contaminated clothing and debris, 5,000 jars of
unknown materials, and 75 gas cylinders were
properly disposed of. The challenge of properly
disposing of an unstable cylinder identified as
containing deadly hydrogen cyanide gas was
handled creatively, but involved the evacuation
of the community to be safe. By late 1989, the
site was judged sufficiently stable, and 24-hour-
a-day site security and monitoring ended.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Goodwin Junkyard Site, Region 3
Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Status:
The removal action is complete, and the site is
no longer used as a junkyard and metal salvage
yard. The family of the responsible party (now
deceased) still resides onsite.
Results and Benefits:
The nearby residents and domestic animals have
been spared the threat of inhalation and
ingestion of and direct contact with the
hazardous materials and substances at the site.
There is no longer a potential for the release of
these materials to migrate into adjacent water
bodies or into the ground water. The threat of
fire or explosion due to the incompatible storage
of containers of acids and corrosives has been
eliminated.
Background:
This 4-acre property in a residential area was
used to operate a salvage business. Following
a fire and subsequent investigation by the State
in August 1990, the business was found to be
in violation of several county and State
regulations concerning safe storage and
operation. Numerous drums, containers, and
cylinders containing a variety of base/neutral,
corrosive, toxic, flammable, combustible, and
shock-sensitive materials were found on the
property.
The site is situated in a rural area in close
proximity to wetland areas and lies between two
tributaries of the James River. Isle of Wight
County residents rely solely on ground water
as their source of drinking water.
Actions:
Responding to notification by the State in
September 1990, EPA investigators found
numerous containers and vessels labeled as
flammable, poison, paint, and oil. Automotive
batteries and various tanks, containers, and
assorted pressurized cylinders with unknown
contents were also uncovered.
In December 1990, work began, and materials
were segregated in two categories: hazardous
and nonhazardous. Soil sampling at the site
revealed elevated levels of cadmium, lead,
mercury, and copper. A potentially live projectile
was recovered on January 16,1991, by the U.S.
Naval Explosive Ordnance Detachment. This
was removed from the site and later detonated
in July 1991.
On February 15,1991, bulking and final staging
of all materials to be removed began. At this
time, it was determined through analytical
methods that the depth for soil removal would
not exceed 6 inches in the contaminated areas.
All final staging operations for hazardous
material were completed by February 24, 1991.
Soil removal operations began on February 25
and were completed March 4, 1991. Site
restoration operations began on March 5 and
were completed with site personnel demobilizing
on March 11. Final drum disposal occurred on
June 26, 1991.
The responsible party passed away during the
project on February 19, 1991. The family still
resides on the site, and there are no restrictions
as to residential usage on the property.
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218
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Greenwood Chemical Site, Region 3
Albermarle County, Virginia
Status:
Initial removal actions have been completed.
The site is under the jurisdiction of the EPA
Remedial Program for further cleanup.
Benefits and Results:
The removal actions at this site have stabilized
or removed the major sources of contamination
and the threat of fire and explosion. Future
work under the EPA Remedial Program will
address residual contamination remaining in the
soil and sludge. Specific threats posed by the
site include contamination of drinking water,
damage to sensitive ecosystems in the
Shenandoah National Park, direct exposure to
toxic and corrosive substances, migration of
hazardous substances to farm land, and the
threat of fire or explosion posed by compressed
gases and metallic sodium.
Background:
The Greenwood Chemical Company conducted
experimental chemical research and production
from the late 1950s until 1985. This 15-aere
site is located in Albermarle County, Virginia,
along Interstate 64,4 miles east of Waynesboro
and approximately 20 miles west of
Charlottesville at the base of the Blue Ridge
Mountains. The site is situated in a mountain
valley and comprises seven buildings, five
lagoons, and two abandoned structures
occupying most of the level ground. A small
stream flows to the south feeding Stockton
Creek. A fishing camp on Stockton Creek is
within 5 miles of the site. In 1971, a fish-kill
was documented on Stockton Creek. Skyline
Drive in the Shenandoah National Park is less
than 2 miles to the north.
On April 18, 1985, a toluene vapor explosion
killed four workers and destroyed a process
building. This resulted in the virtual cessation
of operations at the site. Lack of maintenance
increased the likelihood of a chemical reaction
or release.
In the summer of 1986, the Commonwealth of
Virginia proposed to EPA that the site be
considered for inclusion on the National
Priorities List (NPL). In January 1987, EPA
determined that a removal action was necessary
to deal with immediate hazards. Potential
responsible parties (PRPs) including current and
previous owners and operators were notified to
assist in the cleanup, but no responses were
received.
Initial site investigations were conducted.
Hazardous materials found at the site included
organic solvents, cyanide, benzopyridine,
organic peroxides, metallic sodium, hydrogen
fluoride gas, and arsine gas. Subsurface
ground-water contamination was also found.
Actions:
The first phase of the removal action included
collecting all surface drums and staging them
in a prepared area. Excavation operations then
began for recovery of buried drums. The drum
area was capped after the removal in
anticipation of the later remedial actions.
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Greenwood Chemical Site, Region 3
(Continued)
While drum excavation was in. progress, a
wastewater treatment plant was set up to treat
the water contained in four of the five onsite
lagoons. Activated carbon filtration was used
to remove organics from the lagoon water. Water
that met cleanup standards was discharged
from the plant into the fifth lagoon. Water not
meeting standards was returned to the fourth
lagoon. Due to funding limitations, the fourth
lagoon was treated, but not decommissioned.
Consequently, this lagoon was left intact after
treatment and allowed to refill with site drainage.
The sludges from the three empty lagoons were
solidified with kiln dust and deposited into the
third lagoon, which was capped to await further
remedial action.
As cylinders were discovered during excavation,
the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) requested that
the owner or manufacturer reclaim them, with
favorable results. Twelve remaining gas
cylinders were disposed of by explosive
perforation without incident.
Some barrels were found with metallic sodium
residues, which react violently on exposure to
water. Onsite personnel devised a method for
safely reacting and neutralizing the sodium
onsite, avoiding the expense of offsite treatment.
In sum, quantities removed included 2 rolloffs
of base-neutral solids (organics), 9 tons of spent
carbon adsorbent, 30 truckloads of shredded
drums and lagoon sludge, 3,000 gallons of base-
neutral liquid, 28 drums of waste flammable
solids, 7 drums of waste flammable sludge, and
2,970 gallons of waste flammable liquids. A
drainage system was installed to channel all site
drainage into the fifth lagoon. The entire site
was seeded.
On June 21, 1988, removal program actions
were completed, and the lead role for future
activities was assumed by the EPA Remedial
Program. In November 1989, however,
additional removal work was requested by the
Remedial Project Manager. This included the
construction of a drainage swale with a rock
check dam to prevent potential offsite migration
of contaminants in rainwater and eroding soil.
The site was re-released to the Remedial
Program on July 25, 1990.
220
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Jackson Ceramics Lead Site, Region 3
Falls Creek, Pennsylvania
Status:
This Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, amd Liability Act (CERCLA)
removal action has been completed. Hie site
was auctioned in 1990 for nonpayment of taxes.
Benefits and Results:
The threat of ingestion and/or offsite migration
of lead compounds has been abated. Sediment
contamination in a tributary of Sandy Lick Creek
presented a significant danger to wildlife in the
area. The creek leads to a larger stream used
for recreation. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-
containing transformers and flammable and
explosive solids and liquids have been removed
from the site.
Background:
Jackson Ceramics was a china plant that used
a lead-based glazing process. The plant operated
from 1917 to 1985, when the site was
abandoned due to bankruptcy. The 15-acre site
is located east of PA Route 950 in Falls Creek,
Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, approximately
1.7 miles northwest of the City of DuBois,
Pennsylvania.
Residue from the lead-glazing process had been
discharged into a lagoon for settling. Drums
and containers of potentially hazardous
materials were strewn throughout the site. In
an initial removal action, lead-contaminated soil
was removed from the site in January and
February 1989. The resulting drums of material
were secured in a new building on the site. On
October 29,1989, a fire occurred that destroyed
most of the old buildings, damaging containers
of lead-bearing products and allowing
contaminants to migrate. In addition, some
transformers were dislodged, and vats containing
lead-contaminated sludge broke apart. This led
to a restart of the removal action.
Actions:
In the initial removal activity conducted by the
EPA Emergency Response Section from March
1988 through February 1989, EPA removed
1,900 cubic yards of lead-contaminated soil. In
addition, many containers and approximately 80
drums of oil and flammable and organic materials
were staged in the new building for disposal.
These actions also included bulking of pigment
and lead sludge, characterization and bulking
of drums, containers, vats, etc., and transport
to final disposal.
On October 29, 1989, a fire of suspicious origin
destroyed approximately 75 percent of the
facility, making it unsafe for entry. Many
containers of lead-containing products were
damaged, exposing their contents for potential
release. Two dislodged transformers were found
to contain PCB-contaminated oil. Drums stored
in the new building during the 1988-89 removal
action were not involved in the fire.
The On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) submitted a
request to restart removal actions after the fire.
These actions included transportation and
disposal of all tanks, PCB-contaminated
transformers, vats, and drums containing
hazardous materials, and the demolition of
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Jackson Ceramics Lead Site, Region 3
(Continued)
unstable walls. Also, an unknown solid brown
material found on the pallet of the new building
was sampled.
In August 1990, the site was auctioned by the
Falls Creek Borough for nonpayment of taxes.
The new owner tore down the security fence and
began removing metal scraps from the site
without consulting EPA. When the OSC became
aware of these activities, Falls Creek Borough
officials were contacted to prevent the owner
from re-entering the site.
Overpacking of drums, transformer sampling,
and transportation of wastes offsite continued
through September 1990. In early October, an
assessment concluded that the sediments of an
unnamed tributary to Sandy Lick Creek had
unacceptably high concentrations of lead. A
fence was built to mitigate the threat of direct
contact.
The solid brown material on the pallet was
wrapped and placed in the storage building. In
addition, the underground storage tank, 15
transformers, and building and fence debris
were determined by the OSC to pose no threat,
and accordingly remained secured onsite. The
action was officially closed as of October 26,
1990.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Maxjol Battery Removal Enforcement Site, Region 3
Lackawana County, Pennsylvania
Status:
Superfund removal activities are complete and
work is progressing voider authority of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). The plant has not resumed operation.
All buildings were torn down, and an attractive
grassy cover has been planted over the most
visible areas. Homes in the area have been
decontaminated as necessary, and the
contaminated soil has been stockpiled on the
plant property. A local watchdog group is
monitoring activities of both the responsible
party and EPA. The plant site has been
stabilized in preparation for additional cleanup
of the contaminated soil and an illegal landfill
containing an estimated 65,000 cubic yards of
buried battery casings.
Results and Benefits:
Eighty residential properties (dwellings and land)
were cleaned by the responsible party to allow
safe occupancy of nearby residences. The high
concentrations of lead in the soil have been
remedied and the threat of ground-water
contamination has been removed.
Background:
The 42-acre site had been used for many years
for battery cracking and reclaiming activities;
Early operations reportedly included landfilling
of batteries that had been sledge-hammered by
local teen employees. Later operations included
"smelt and bum* processing in which some lead
recovery was intended, although the remains
continued to be landfilled upgradient of the
Lackawanna River.
Following a health advisory from the Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR),
a 13-block area along Throop Avenue was
identified as a potential health threat due to
extremely high levels (200,000 ppm) of lead in
soil and household dust. Novel challenges in
this cleanup included establishing an
appropriate cleanup level because no nationally
recognized, consistent cleanup level was
available at that time (500 ppm was finally
accepted in consultation with ATSDR).
In addition, the level of concern expressed by
the townspeople made an intensive community
relations program a necessity. To maintain open
communications, periodic newsletters and blood
analysis for children were instituted, and a
Community Relations Office was established by
the Region and the responsible party and staffed
40 hours per week
Actions:
The responsible party developed a plan for soil
excavation for a contaminated residential area.
During excavation, residents were housed in a
specially established trailer park. Fugitive
emissions were controlled. Following excavation
of 50,000 cubic yards of soil by the responsible
party under EPA oversight, the residential
properties were fuEy restored and landscaped.
Subsequently, a strategy for cleaning the
interiors of homes near the site was developed.
This involved establishing acceptable endpoint
lead levels and scientifically acceptable interior
lead wet cleaning protocols which concentrated
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Marjol Battery Removal Enforcement Site, Region 3
(Continued)
on high loading areas such as basements and
attics, behind furniture and appliances, and
in rugs and carpets.
224
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
METCOA Radiation Site, Region 3
Pulaski, Pennsylvania
Status:
The two removal actions represent only the
initial stabilization of a site that may require
many years of continued corrective action and
the expenditure of an estimated $4 to $8 million
to complete. A steering committee representing
the potentially responsible parties is continuing
actions at the site.
Results and Benefits:
Demonstrated migration of radioactive and
hazardous materials offsite has been abated by
the removal actions. Ground-water and surface-
water resources had been threatened, as well
as 3,000 to 5,000 visitors to the flea market that
operates adjacent to the METCOA facility during
the summer. All market workers and customers
as well as the inhabitants of the village of Pulaski
were potentially exposed to contamination
through dust-borne transmission. In a 1987
newspaper report, an official of the Pennsylvania
Health Department said that because of its
location, the site had potential value for reuse
provided it could be cleaned up.
Background:
The METCOA (Metallurgical Company of
America) facility was a metal reclaiming plant
that has been abandoned since the company
declared bankruptcy in 1983. The site is located
west of Route 60 on Route 551, approximately
1/2 mile north of Route 206 in Pulaski,
Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. The site is
approximately 22 acres, 6 of which are
surrounded by a chain-link security fence. The
area surrounding the site is rural/agricultural.
Buchanan Run, a tributary to the Shenango
River, flows adjacent to the site. Several
households in the immediate area obtain water
from private wells.
METCOA held a Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) license to handle low-level radioactive
wastes on the site. These wastes were primarily
in the form of thoriated magnesium and nickel
compounds. Approximately 2,500 drums on the
site contained a variety of heavy metal waste
including lead, cadmium, and chromium, as well
as thoriated materials. In January 1986, NRC
issued an order to the site owners, requiring
METCOA to correct license violations or face
criminal action.
NRC conducted a radiological survey in 1986
that revealed elevated levels of radiation from
the waste generated by the metal processing
operation at the METCOA facility. Soil samples
collected from the site also contained extremely
high levels of lead,
chromium, and cadmium. Because NRC had
no funds available for cleanup, it needed State
and EPA assistance to expedite action.
NRC bought the site to the attention of the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (PADER), which then conducted a site
assessment. This confirmed NRC findings that
heavy metals were present on the site.
Actions:
Between June and September of 1986, EPA
performed a comprehensive site assessment that
included soil, drums, surface water, and ground
water. Geophysical surveys were also conducted,
OOK
-------
METCOA Radiation Site, Region 3
(Continued)
including a magnetometer survey and ground-
penetrating radar. This investigation located a
large covered trench containing what appeared
to be buried drums. Because there is a locally
high water table, the drum materials potentially
threatened the ground water. In addition,
approximately 1,500 surface drums, some
severely deteriorated and spilling their contents
onto the ground, were found.
After it was determined that a potential threat
existed, an Administrative Consent Order was
drawn up, but the Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) declined to act on it in a timely
fashion. The PRPs included the lessees and
lessors of the property, the savings association
that held the mortgage, the State of
Pennsylvania, and companies that brought their
wastes to METCOA for reprocessing. The OSC's
report noted that "the list of PRPs continues to
grow as the enforcement investigation
continues." EPA subsequently assumed
responsibility for the site stabilization phase of
the cleanup under the Removal Program.
Two removal actions were conducted at this site.
The first, in 1987, involved stabilization of the
situation. During this time, 2,641 drums and
1,300 cubic yards of bulked wastes were staged
onsite and covered. In the latter part of 1988,
the METCOA PRP Steering Committee signed a
Consent Order to further stabilize the site. In
October 1989, contractors moved drummed
materials inside a building, covered debris piles,
an set up erosion control measures.
In February 1990, EPA met with PADER and
Pulaski Township officials to discuss conditions
and reported trespassing on the site. A site
inspection revealed signs of vandalism as well
as the general deterioration of site conditions.
Conditions were subsequently corrected by the
PRPs' contractor. Negotiations were reached
with the PRP Steering Committee, but when
cleanup activities were not restarted, EPA
initiated a removal action restart on August 13,
1990.
In a second action, EPA removed 660 cubic
yards of wood that had been deemed a fire
hazard, and some metal debris. EPA and NRC
established a level of 20 _R/hr above
background as the definition of radioactively
contaminated waste. Radiological and
magnetometer surveys were conducted to
generate maps of radiological hot spots and
subsurface buried metal. On September 1,
1990, the OSC halted work as negotiations for
PRP-led cleanup neared settlement. On October
16, 1990, the PRPs signed a unilateral order to
resume and complete activities at the site.
226
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Metro Container Site, Region 3
Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Status:
All removal activities were completed at the site
on November 6, 1991. The site remains fenced
and inactive. Criminal charges are pending
against the president and maintenance
supervisor of Metro Container.
Results and Benefits:
Removal actions have prevented migration of
contaminants to the Delaware River via Stoney
Creek. By securing and fencing the site and its
access, EPA has also reduced the threat of
human exposure by direct contact. Criminal
investigations and heavy fines have effectively
shut down Metro Container, removing the
potential threat of further covert environmental
violations at this site.
Background:
Metro Container, a 4-acre drum reclaiming
facility, operated at the site for 20 years under
various names. Used, empty drums were
bought, cleaned, and resold. The area
immediately surrounding the site is industrial
and residential. Approximately 500 people
reside within a 1/4-mile radius with two-family
row houses 1,500 feet north of the site. Stoney
Creek borders the site and empties into the
Delaware River approximately 1,000 feet away.
Actions:
In December 1987, site inspection and sampling
were performed by EPA personnel to determine
if an immediate threat existed at the site. In
February 1988, the U.S. Coast Guard requested
the EPA Emergency Response Section to assess
the potential threat of migration from Metro into
the Delaware River. Metro Container
management assured EPA that it would take
responsibility for the waste materials and
proceed with cleanup activities. No such actions
were taken, however. EPA began removal
activities in September 1989 and ceased on June
2,1989, when the Potentially Responsible Party
(PRP) steering committee signed a consent
agreement and took over responsibility at the
site. The cleanup was completed in January
1990.
The first EPA removal action in 1989 included
installing a perimeter fence, building and
maintaining a retaining wall to prevent offsite
migration of contaminants, and disposing of
oil-contaminated rainwater. During this
action, 136,000 gallons of contaminated
rainwater and approximately 40,000 55-gallon
drums of processing sludge were removed from
the site.
In June 1990, the EPA Mid-Atlantic Office of
the Inspector General began a criminal
investigation against the owners of Metro
Container. Agents of that office obtained a
search warrant on July 16, 1990, and executed
a search of the premises. Acting on a tip, EPA
investigators discovered two hidden rooms
where several hundred steel drums were stored.
In one room, known to Metro employees as the
"lid room", an unnamed contractor, hired in
1986, dug a ditch and filled it with chemical
wastes and drums. The workers then poured a
new 8-inch-thick concrete floor over the waste
to hide its existence.
-------
Metro Container Site, Region 3
(Continued)
to another room called the storage room, Metro The PRP subsequently cleaned these and other
employees, during the summer of 1986, brought contaminated areas. Criminal investigations led
in steel drums and then hired a contractor to to charges against the Metro Container president
wall up the entrances. The newly discovered and maintenance supervisor for numerous
drums were found to contain waste flammable environmental and civil violations.
liquids, oxidizers, and waste solids. All the
drums were promptly overpacked and disposed
of at a RCRA-approved facility.
228
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Spectron/Galaxy Site, Region 3
Elkton, Maryland
Status:
The removal activities at this site have been
assumed by the responsible parties as of August
18, 1990, and are still ongoing.
Benefits and Results:
Hazardous substances in drums and tanks
posed a threat of release as well as fire and/or
explosion. If the threat from the polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) had not been mitigated, Little
Elk Creek, which feeds into the Chesapeake Bay,
would have been contaminated.
Background:
The Spectron/Galaxy Site is located Elkton,
Cecil County, Maryland, and is bordered on the
west by Little Elk Creek, a tributary to the
Chesapeake Bay. In addition, 19 residences are
located within a 1/4-mile radius of the site, with
a population of approximately 53 individuals.
Spectron has been an industrial site for a long
period of time. Records have indicated that at
least two paper mills were established in the
late 1800s. A fire gutted one mill in 1946, and
the site remained vacant until 1961 when
Galaxy Chemical, Inc., opened its operations.
In December 1975, Galaxy Chemicals, Inc., went
bankrupt, and all its assets, except the land,
were sold at public auctions. The company
restructured in late 1975 or early 1976 under
the new name of Solvent Distillers, Inc.
On February 28, 1978, Solvent Distillers, Inc.,
by an article of amendment, changed its name
to Spectron, Inc. Spectron operated a resource
recovery facility until March 13, 1987. During
this period, it was involved in the reclamation
of a wide range of industrial solvents from
wastestreams generated by the electronics,
pharmaceutical, paint, lacquer, coatings, and
chemical process industries. The reclamation
process may have consisted of acid/alkali
treatment, phase separation, solidification,
sedimentation, distillation, fractionation, liquid-
liquid extraction, stripping, solvent recovery, or
other treatments or combinations, as required.
Actions:
On April 12, 1989, at the direction of the On-
Scene Coordinator (OSC) and in response to a
request from the Maryland Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene, an assessment was
performed at the Spectron/Galaxy site. Twenty-
five drums and six tanks were sampled for
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
characterization. Also discovered were 1,355
55-gallon drums, 62 tanks containing
approximately 0.5 million gallons of flammable
chemicals, and a 10,000-gallon tank containing
Aroclor 1248 (PCBs).
Results from this assessment/inspection
identified an immediate and significant risk to
human health and the environment. The
drums, because of their deteriorated condition,
were found to be leaking at a rate of
approximately two drums per day.
On May 23,1989, after reviewing the Technical
Assistance Team (TAT) data, OSC determined
223
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Spectron/Galaxy Site, Region 3
(Continued)
that an imminent and substantial threat, them during cleanup activities. The committee
including that of fire and/or explosion, was posed solicited bids for the project and selected a
by the uncontrolled leaking drums of waste. OSC cleanup contractor. In addition, another
issued a delivery order to the emergency response contractor was selected to monitor the project
contractor to initiate removal actions. on behalf of the steering committee. By August
18,1989, the contractors had assumed cleanup
Upon signing Consent Orders, the responsible activities at the site.
parties formed a steering committee to represent
23O
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Valley Plating Site, Region 3
Henrico County, Virginia
Status:
All immediate removal activities have been
completed at this site. An automobile repair
shop is currently using a portion of the site.
Results and Benefits:
The threat of hazardous chemical runoff to
nearby wetlands and the riverine ecosystems in
the Chickahominy River has been eliminated.
The river system, which serves as a primary
drinking water source for the population of
Richmond and other downstream cities, has
been safeguarded from future offsite migration
of contaminants. EPA's successful use of onsite
treatment minimized disposal costs, thus saving
thousands of dollars.
Background:
The 3-acre Valley Plating Chemical facility near
Richmond, Virginia, formerly consisted of three
buildings and a process wastewater collection
lagoon. The lagoon was RCRA-regulated.
Approximately 1/2 mile west of the site is a
major racetrack that draws up to 50,000 people
for major events. In the same direction, within
a 1/4 mile, is the State fairgrounds. An
elementary school is approximately 1 mile west
of the site. East-northeast of the site, 50 feet
from the RCRA impoundment (lagoon), is the
Chessie System Railroad (CSR). CSR operates
an active freight line with numerous trains every
day.
The Valley Plating facility operated as an
automobile bumper electroplating and
refurbishing facility from 1958 to 1985.
According to reports, the electroplating ceased
in 1985 after a routine EPA inspection found
hexavalent chromium, zinc, nickel, and copper
in the onsite impoundment. The operations were
downgraded to automobile bumper
reconditioning.
On April 5, 1990, the County Fire Department
responded to a fire of suspicious origin at the
site. During the course of fire-fighting activities,
drums, tanks, and vats suspected of containing
cyanides and other hazardous materials were
discovered. The potential threats to the
surrounding community due to the unsafe
storage of hazardous materials led the local fire
department to notify local, State, and Federal
hazardous materials emergency response
personnel.
Actions:
On April 6, 1990, actions to stabilize the site
began. Measures were immediately taken to
prevent a complete breach of the lagoon and to
contain effluent, thus minimizing offsite
migration of contaminants. This was
accomplished by placing a restrictive device in
a nearby culvert that drained into the
Chickahominy River, and pumping lagoon
effluent into a containment vessel for treatment
and disposal. The level in the lagoon was closely
monitored throughout the project to prevent a
release. A containment pool was constructed
to receive excess water from the site for initial
treatment.
During the removal action, an active spring
beneath the site continued to mix with
hazardous waste. Subsequently, each of the
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Valley Plating Site, Region 3
(Continued)
buildings' basements had to be pumped several
times. To minimize the offsite disposal and
treatment costs, the water was pumped and
treated to remove excess heavy metal
contamination. As a result, this water was
permitted to be sent to the local County sewage
treatment plant for treatment and disposal.
The level of water in the lagoon constantly
replenished itself despite diversion techniques.
A dewatering system was established that
removed contaminated sludge, thus preventing
additional ground water infiltrating the lagoon
from being contaminated. To alleviate repetitive
pumpings, the buildings, once drained, were
backfilled with concrete, thus immobilizing
contaminants and allowing for proper cleaning
of the vats and processing areas. Wastes that
were found in vats and drums onsite were
characterized for disposal or recycling. Sludges
that remained in vats were solidified.
The transportation and disposal phase of site
operations commenced on April 2, 1991. The
liquids remaining in the pools were pumped off
and sludges were consolidated into roll-off
boxes. All drums and roll-off boxes containing
waste were transported offsite, and all site
operations were completed on April 26, 1991.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Winchester Tire Fire, Region 3
Winchester, Virginia
Status:
All immediate removal actions have been
completed at this site. Only 5 acres of the 300-
acre farm/tire dump remain fenced. The owner
continued to accept used tires until a court order
in April 1992 placed his property in receivership
to recoup the cost for removal of 1-million tires
that remained on the property. Ground-water
pumping and treatment to extract the oil are
expected to be completed in the spring of 1994.
Results and Benefits:
The free-flowing oil/tar product that was formed
when the tires were burned was sold for
approximately $200,000, helping defray cleanup
costs. Water that had been decanted off the
product was found to be highly toxic. EPA's
decision to pump the water back on the fire had
the dual effect of vaporizing the water and
oxidizing the polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons. Treatment in this manner also
saved approximately $ 148,000 in treatment and
disposal fees. Air monitoring showed that no
hazardous vapors were released as a result of
pumping the water onto the fire.
Background:
On October 31, 1983, a fire of tremendous
proportions broke out in a 4- to 5-acre tire pile.
Tires were piled 50 to 80 feet high in a ravine.
The fire, attributed to arson, involved between
5- and 7-million tires. The resulting smoke
plume was several thousand feet high and
extended 50-miles long, into four States.
Airborne contaminants included particulates,
CO2, CS2, and volatile organics, many of which
are suspected carcinogens.
Due to the intense heat of the fire and lack of
oxygen within the pile, a pyrolysis reaction
occurred whereby the polymeric rubber of the
tires was being broken down into shorter chain
hydrocarbons. The pyrolysis reaction produced
a liquid tar/oil product which flowed across open
ground and collected in two small retention
basins. The intense heat from the fire ignited
the pyrolytic product, producing a flash fire
along the pathway of the discharge and, thereby,
posing a threat of fire to the surrounding wooded
areas.
The questionable integrity of the initial
containment structures, as well as large flows
of pyrolytic product and high surface runoff from
the surrounding areas during periods of rainfall,
created the potential for a massive release of
product to Hogue Creek and the Potomac River.
Such an event would have been catastrophic
to the municipal water supply intakes of several
downstream cities including Hagerstown,
Maryland, and the Washington, DC,
metropolitan area. A release could have also
led to major damage to aquatic life in the surface
waters.
The Winchester Tire fire became the subject of
national attention. The extent of the hazards
presented, the uniqueness of the situation, and
the high visibility of the site (i.e., in the form of
the smoke plume) drew national media interest.
In particular, National Geographic and LIFE
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Winchester Tire Fire, Region 3
(Continued)
Magazines published detailed accounts of the
fire, which included extensive photographic
layouts.
Actions:
The initial emergency actions provided a
containment structure to minimize the
migration of pyrolytic product into the nearby
tributary of the Hogue River and reduced the
threat of chemicals entering the ground water.
The enormous amounts of pyrolytic product
entering the containment basin caused EPA to
construct secondary and tertiary containment
systems.
To mitigate the threat of fire on the surface of
the flowing pyrolytic product, EPA instituted an
around-the-clock fire fighting program. A multi-
agency cooperative effort was put in place
utilizing Federal, State, county, and local
firefighters experienced in fighting oil fires.
To minimize the threat to human health and
the environment in a cost-effective manner, EPA
decided to maintain only a minimal amount of
the pyrolytic product and contaminated water
in the containment basins. As the amount of
product reached certain levels, the excess (as
determined by EPA) was pumped into tanker
trailers onsite. The water was decanted and the
oily phase was shipped to the oil reclaiming
facilities. By establishing the continuous
removal program, EPA succeeded in minimizing
the threat to human health and the
environment, and also provided for a very cost-
effective response action. The fire was
completely extinguished in July 1984.
EPA entered into a Consent Order with the
responsible party on February 13, 1984. The
responsible party took over removal actions
which included the containment, collection, and
removal of the pyrolytic product. Long-term
ground-water treatment to extract oil continues.
234
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REGION FOUR
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Alpha Chemical Corporation, Region 4
Lakeland, Florida
Status:
Operations continue at the plant. As a result of
remedial actions, the adjacent 1/2-acre
impoundment site has been capped and
revegetated. Institutional controls are in place
to ensure the effectiveness of the low
permeability cap. Long-term monitoring of
surface water and ground water will continue.
The site is currently being used to manufacture
polyester resin.
Results and Benefits:
If left unchecked, continued use of the unlined
pond would have permeated the clay layer that
shields the much deeper Floridian Aquifer,
which provides the drinking water to Lakeland
and other nearby communities. The
contaminated surface water onsite also
threatened nearby wetlands. Early detection of
contamination in a shallow aquifer led to a
cleanup action that protected a major drinking
water aquifer.
At the request of the State, the Alpha Chemical
Corporation has modified its processes and
upgraded its wastewater treatment to control
pollutants. Cleanup costs were borne by the
potentially responsible parties (PRPs). Quarterly
monitoring (to be continued until 1995) has
shown decreasing levels in contamination as a
result of the cleanup and plant modifications.
Background:
Formerly known as Alpha Chemical
Corporation, Alpha Resins Corp, (current firm)
has produced unsaturated polyester resin for
fiberglass manufacturers at this 32-acre site
near Lakeland, Florida, since 1967. The process
yields wastewater containing small amounts of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The
company used two unlined surface
impoundments to contain the water long enough
for natural processes to break down or evaporate
the organics.
Ground-water monitoring information was
requested by the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulations when ARC sought
to line a pond with concrete for caustic wash
water disposal. New monitoring wells revealed
VOC contamination of the surficial aquifer.
Upon further testing, the surrounding soils and
sediments were found to be contaminated with
VOCs from the former process wastes.
Actions:
The cleanup in 1989 included capping the
unlined pond to keep rainwater and runoff from
spreading contaminants, and conducting long-
term monitoring of ground water and surface
water to assure the effectiveness of the cleanup.
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238
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
AX. Taylor (Valley of Drums), Region 4
Brooks, Kentucky
Status;
Remedial actions, including soil treatment, have
been completed. Currently surface waters are
treated prior to their release into Wilson Creek.
EPA will perform 5-year reviews of the site until
contaminants are reduced to levels that allow
unrestricted property use. The site is currently
vacant.
Results and Benefits:
This site was one of the worst illegal dumps in
the Nation and the scene of one of the largest
drum removals in the history of the Superfund
program. The cleanup removed risks to local
residents and protected Wilson Creek, a
tributary of the Ohio River. Cleanup actions
ensured that the recreational uses and biota of
downstream surface waters would be protected
from leachate and contaminated runoff.
Background:
The 13-acre A. L. Taylor site, known as the
"Valley of the Drums," is located in Brooks,
Kentucky, 12 miles south of Louisville. From
1967 to 1977, the site was used as a refuse
dump, drum recycling center, and industrial
chemical dump. The owner of the property never
applied for the required State permit. In 1977,
the operation closed after the owner's death.
A citizen's complaint about a contaminated
stream running through the Taylor property led
to a State investigation of the dump site. One
resident complained of pollution in the river so
thick that one could walk on it. Once, in 1977,
the river caught fire. In 1978, citizens brought
suit against the owner of the dump. A $3,000
fine was levied, but never collected.
The inclusion of this dump site on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1981 finally brought the
necessary response to protect the 100 people
that reside within a mile of the site. In 1981,
EPA discovered over 17,000 deteriorating and
leaking drums at the site that were discharging
pollutants into Wilson Creek, a tributary of the
Ohio River. If left unmitigated, the
contamination could have spread to the Ohio
River. The site was contaminated with over 140
different chemical compounds which included
heavy metals, polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs).
Nearby residents use either cisterns or
municipal water supplies because ground water
in the area is of poor quality and yield. Due to
the topography, the area immediately
surrounding the site is not suitable for
development.
Actions:
In 1981, six potentially responsible parties
(PRPs) removed approximately 30 percent of the
waste. Then, through emergency actions
undertaken by EPA, the remaining drums were
removed as well.
EPA cleanup also included removing
contaminated pond water, securing pond
sediments, burying wastes under a clay soil cap
239
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AX. Taylor (Valley of Drums), Region 4
(Continued)
to prevent further surface contamination, and
constructing a surface water drainage diversion
to reroute surface water. Re-routed surface
water runoff was collected in a detention lagoon,
then treated before being released into Wilson
Creek. A 6-foot-high security fence with gates
was added, and warning signs posted to prevent
public access. Operation and maintenance at
the site will continue.
24O
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NFL SITE
FACT SHEET
Amnicola Dump, Region 4
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Status:
All completion requirements for this site have
been met. Excavation and offsite disposal of
the contaminated soil and debris were completed
on August 5,1993. Once confirmatory samples
indicated that the excavation area no longer
contained soil levels above the cleanup goal, the
area was filled with crushed stone for easy
identification. At the final inspection on
September 23, 1993, EPA determined that the
Remedial Action had been successfully
executed, and the site no longer posed any
threats to human health and the environment.
Deed restrictions have been placed on this
inactive construction disposal site.
Results and Benefits:
The cleanup objective of no more than 100 ppm
total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
in the surface soil was achieved by the
excavation and offsite disposal of the
contaminated soil and debris. Site institutional
controls (defined in the Consent Decree) required
the Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) to
place deed restrictions on the property. The site
no longer poses any threats to human health
and the environment.
Background:
This site is an 18-acre inactive construction
debris disposal dump in an industrial section
of Hamilton County, Tennessee. Bordered on
the south by Syn-Air Research, on the west by
the Tennessee River, on the north by dense
vegetation and vegetation-covered debris, and
on the east by the Amnicola highway, the site is
approximately 1/2 mile upstream from the water
intake for the City of Chattanooga. However,
no site-related contaminants have been found
in this water source. Approximately 150,000
people live within 2 miles of the site, with the
closest population center being 1/2 mile from
the site. No residential areas are in the
immediate vicinity.
The dump was operated by the City of
Chattanooga from mid-1970 to 1973. A large
portion of the wood waste taken to the site
during that time was incinerated by an air-
curtain destructor, with the ashes placed onsite.
Approximately 12 of the 18 acres were eventually
filled with construction debris, wood ash, and
other waste material. In the summer of 1973,
the City of Chattanooga finalized closure of the
site by covering the disposal area and
constructing drainage ditches.
In May 1982, sampling of the leachate indicated
the presence of trichloroethyiene (TCE), vinyl
chloride, and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene. The
site was proposed for the National Priorities List
(NPL) in December 1982, and was added to the
final NPL in September 1983. In December
1986, EPA noticed that conditions at the site
had changed. At that time, the site was being
used as a storage area for heavy equipment,
railroad ties, and scrap metaL The cap had been
cleared of vegetation, much of the rip-rap (stones
used for erosion control) along the bank had
been removed, and leachate was noted in the
southwest corner of the site.
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Amnicola Dump, Region 4
(Continued)
Actions:
EPA initiated a remedial investigation (Rl) at the
site in July 1987, Sampling data from the RI
indicated that some surface soils contained
PAHs above acceptable health-based levels.
Other contaminants at the site, except for
chromium in the ground water, were detected
at concentrations below the drinking water
standards. No site contaminants were detected
in the ground water above the Alternate
Concentration Limits (ACLs) established in the
Record of Decision (ROD), All contaminated soil
and debris were excavated and disposed offsite.
Once cleanup levels were verified, the excavation
area was filled with crushed stone for easy
identification. In October 1993, quarterly
ground-water monitoring was initiated, and EPA
will review the situation again at the 5-year
review.
242
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Beulah Landfill, Region 4
Escambia County, Florida
Status:
The remedy chosen for this site is no action.
However, the ground water will be monitored to
ensure that this action continues to be protective
of human health and the environment.
Results and Benefits:
The site is a closed waste management unit.
Access to the site has been restricted; therefore,
it poses no unacceptable risk to human health
or the environment.
Background:
The Beuiah Landfill is an 80-acre site comprised
of two independently operated sections. The
northern section operated from 1950 to 1960
and accepted mostly municipal trash. The
southern disposal pits began operation in 1968
and accepted municipal trash, industrial waste,
demolition debris, and municipal sludges until
1984, when the State ordered a halt to the
operation of the pits.
Sampling of surface soils detected polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides,
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), solvents, and
metals in the surface soils. Only metals,
solvents, and PAHs are of concern in the ground
water.
Several residences within 3 miles of the landfill
use the upper aquifer for drinking water, and
Eleven Mile Creek, on the eastern edge of the
property, is used for recreation downstream of
the site.
The landfill will be closed by the State of Florida
in accordance with Florida Solid Waste
Regulations.
Actions:
The selected remedial alternative is no action.
The landfill will be closed under the applicable
State regulations, Ground-water monitoring will
continue to ensure that no action remains
protective of human health and the
environment.
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244
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_^ • J«M IF^^kfl
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Brown Wood Preserving, Region 4
Suwannee County, Florida
Status:
Cleanup remedial actions at this site have been
successful. To ensure that the cleanup method
continues to protect human health, a 5-year
review was conducted in 1993.
Results and Benefits:
Cleanup at the site has paved the way for future
uses that will be less detrimental to the
environment. Although no construction or
development at the site has occurred to date,
approximately 40 acres (in these parcels) have
been purchased for possible reuse. Based on
the 1992 assessment, 1 acre of frontage at the
site is valued at $8,000. The actions at this site
provided protection to the surrounding
communities, aEeviated the potential threat to
ground-water supplies, and restored the site for
potential reuse. Surface and surface water
remediation goals were achieved.
Background:
The 55-acre Brown Wood Preserving site, located
2 miles west of the City of Live Oak, is an inactive
wood-preserving facility. From 1948 to 1978,
the wood-preserving facility was operated by
several different companies. Each operator used
creosote and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the
process. Residues eventually contaminated soil,
surface water, and sediments at the site. In
1982, the Florida Department of Environmental
Regulations (FDER) found approximately 25,000
cubic yards of phenolic wastes contained in a
5-acre unlined impoundment. Contamination
by polycydic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; the
carcinogenic constituents of creosote) had
extended to 1 acre of soil surrounding the
impoundment and to soils and sludge in the
immediate vicinity of the plant site. Water in a
lagoon covered 3,000 cubic yards of creosote
materials. Solidified creosote and PCP were also
present in onsite storage tanks and retorts.
Although contamination from the site had not
impacted the aquifer supplying water to public
and private wells in the area, there was concern
about the potential threat of direct exposure to
contaminated soil or dust. Homes, light
industry, a 450-resident trailer park, a private
airport, and a county storage yard are located
within a 1/2 mile of the site.
Actions:
An initial Superfund removal action was
completed in February 1988. Approximately
200,000 gallons of lagoon water were removed
and treated, and 15,000 tons of contaminated
lagoon sludge were excavated and solidified.
Also, facilities and process equipment were
destroyed, salvaged, or removed. Final remedial
action included continued treatment and
discharge of lagoon water and excavation,
treatment, and offsite disposal of the most
severely contaminated soil and sludge. A 14-
acre biological treatment area was constructed
for the remaining soEs. The treatment area was
covered with clean fill.
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246
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Celanese Corporation, Region 4
Shelby, North Carolina
Status:
The source of contamination has been cleaned
up at this site by remedial activities, effectively
reducing the risk to public health and the
environment. These actions, which included
incineration of sludge and soil and stabilization
of the residue, have reduced the possibility of
direct contact with, or ingestion of, the
contamination. These actions also minimize the
amount of sludge and soil as a source of ground-
water contamination. Celanese continues to
operate an industrial facility on the site.
Results and Benefits:
EPA negotiated and signed two separate consent
decrees with Celanese in which Celanese agreed
to perform the cleanup of contaminated ground
water, soil, creek sediments, and sludge at the
site. EPA employed a multi-method approach
for a comprehensive cleanup, including the use
of a rotary-kiln incineration technique to
conjunction with solidification/stabilization.
Through close coordination between EPA and
Celanese, offsite contaminant migration to
streambeds and residential wells was avoided.
Local residents were also provided an alternate
water supply to reduce the potential health
threats associated with the site.
Background:
The Celanese hazardous waste site is an active
469-acre polyester production facility in a rural
area of Cleveland County, North Carolina. The
plant combined synthetic chemicals to
manufacture various home and industrial
products. The site's facilities and land-use areas
include the plant, wastewater treatment area,
and adjacent recreational and wooded areas.
For several years after the plant began operation
in 1960, glycol recovery unit sludges were
disposed directly into a number of pits. Office
waste was also burned and buried in the pits.
Another potential source area included an area
that was used to store 2,000 to 3,000 drums.
Three thousand people live within a 3-mile
radius of the site, which is mostly forest and
farmland.
Actions:
Upon discovery of organic compounds in the
shallow ground water beneath the site in 1983,
Celanese quickly notified EPA and conducted a
preliminary investigation to determine the
extent of remedial action needed.
In 1984, meetings began between Celanese and
EPA. The results of these meetings aided in
addressing the public's concerns about safe
drinking water.
In February 1986, Celanese signed an
agreement with EPA to begin investigating the
nature and extent of the contamination. Wells
and soEs were sampled and monitoring wells
were put in place. In September 1988, Celanese
signed the first Consent Decree to clean up the
ground water using bioremediation, carbon
adsorption, and air stripping. The system is
monitored on a regular basis to ensure that
there is no off-site migration, and that the target
goals are met. In June 1989, Celanese signed
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Celanese Corporation, Region 4
(Continued)
a second Consent Decree to remediate the
sludge, soils, and sediment. This phase called
for the excavation and incineration of over 4,500
cubic yards of sludge and soil. A mobile rotary
kiln incinerator was erected onsite, thus
reducing transportation costs and eliminating
possible chemical releases from transportation
mishaps. Remedial activities began in January
1991 and were conpleted in August 1992.
248
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Chemform, Inc., Region 4
Pompano Beach, Florida
Status:
As a result of extensive removal action by the
responsible party, conducted with EPA onsight,
and due to a lack of significant ground-water
contamination, a "No Further Action with
Monitoring* alternative was chosen for ground
water at the site. No soil contamination remains
at this site that exceeds EPA's risk range. The
ground water has been monitored quarterly for
1 year to verify that no site-related release of
contaminants occurred. Monitoring has
demonstrated ground water was not impacted
from contaminants present in the soil prior to
the removal.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy is protective of human
health and the environment. The site has
investment potential and has attracted interest
from investors.
Background:
The 4-acre Chemform, Inc. site began as a
precision machine shop manufacturing metal
parts for the aerospace industry. Operations
continued from 1967 to 1985 and included
conventional machine making as well as the
manufacturing of a high-tech electrochemical
milling machine, which involved the use of
electrolytic solutions and strong electric current
In 1977, the Broward County Pollution Control
Board found the company in violation of
regulations for the discharge of industrial wastes
onto the ground. In 1985, EPA found the soil
and ground water to be contaminated with heavy
metals and other contaminants and the site
posed a potential threat to ground water. The
Biscayne Aquifer is under the site and supplies
all municipal water to Broward County. The
site was placed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1989.
Based on the results of further site investigations
conducted in 1989, the responsible party
conducted soil/drum removal activities with
EPA oversight. Removal activities were
conducted in two phases (1990 and 1993).
Four municipal wells are located within 3 miles
of the site and serve approximately 93,000
people.
Actions:
In 1990, several drums were removed.
Approximately 600 cubic yards of soil were
excavated in addition to the removal of debris,
soil, and sludge from two underground storage
tanks. Also, sampling and analysis of soils were
conducted in 1990. Based on these analyses,
additional soil was removed in 1991 and
continues to be removed.
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250
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Chemtronics, Inc., Region 4
Swannanoa, North Carolina
Status:
At the pre-final inspection on February 16,1993,
EPA and the State of North Carolina determined
that the contractor for the Potentially
Responsible Party (PRP) had constructed the
remedy in accordance with the Remedial Design
plans and specifications. Ground-water
monitoring and operation and maintenance of
the site will be performed. Currently, this is an
active industrial site.
Results and Benefits:
Risk to human health from direct exposure to
the waste disposal areas has been reduced by:
capping each waste disposal area with a multi-
layer cap; seeding the caps to prevent erosion;
and restricting access to those areas with the
use of chain-link fencing. A ground-water
interception and extraction system deters the
migration of contaminants and facilitates the
onsite collection and treatment of contaminated
ground water prior to discharge to a local
treatment facility.
The selected remedies eliminate the principal
threat posed to human health and the
environment by preventing the buried wastes
from migrating into the ground water, by
eliminating the further migration of
contaminants in the ground water, and by
treating the extracted ground water to health-
based remediation goals.
Background:
This site occupies two valleys and encompasses
approximately 1,027 acres of rural land in
Buncombe County, near Swannanoa, North
Carolina. The site lies on the southeast side of
Bartlett Mountain, is moderately to heavily
vegetated, and has a steep topography. All
surface water from the site drains into small
tributaries of Bee Tree Creek or directly into the
creek. The creek flows into the Swannanoa
River, and ultimately into the French Broad
River. The site is adjacent to Bee Tree Creek,
and the Pisgah National Forest is north of the
site. Several residences are within several
hundred feet of offsite disposal areas.
A variety of products were manufactured onsite,
including explosives, rocket fuel,
Pharmaceuticals, incapacitating agents, and
chemical intermediates. Chemical wastes and
discarded manufacturing materials were
disposed in 23 onsite areas and 3 offsite areas
by means of buried drums, open trenches, and
a drain field. Two areas were of particular
interest to EPA; one area contained eight
abandoned acid and organic waste pits, and
the other area contained two lined basins used
for neutralization and equalization of waste prior
to discharge to the local wastewater facility.
Beginning in 1971, solid wastes, solvents, acids,
and organic wastes were either burned or
disposed of in onsite pits and trenches. In 1979,
the disposal pits were closed. Disposal activities
were conducted on 10 acres of the site. Soil
contaminants in all of the disposal areas consist
of primarily Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Ground-water contaminants identified include
VOCs, nonvolatile organics, and metals.
OKI
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Chemtronics, Inc., Region 4
(Continued)
Actions:
The site was included on the first official National
Priorities List (NPL) published by EPA on
December 30, 1982. The Record of Decision
(ROD) was signed on April 5, 1988, At the pre-
final inspection on February 16,1993, EPA and
the State of North Carolina determined that the
PRPs contractor had constructed the remedy
in accordance with the Remedial Design plans
and specifications. The selected remedy
included: the installation of a ground-water
interception and extraction system
downgradient of all of the disposal areas;
bioassays on surface water/sediment to ensure
no adverse impacts on streams during
implementation of the remedial action and to
establish a data base to measure the success of
the remedial action; a review of the ground-water
monitoring system and installation of additional
wells for downgradient monitoring; the
installation of a multi-layer cap (that includes a
synthetic liner) on each disposal site, security
fencing, vegetative covers, and a gas collection/
ventilation system where necessary; and
sampling of the water and sediment in the onsite
pond on the unnamed stream in the Front
Valley, and remediation of the pond as
necessary.
252
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
City Industries, Region 4
Goldenrod, Orange County, Florida
Status:
Remedial activities involving the cleanup of soils
and drums have removed immediate dangers
at the City Industries site, and it is now available
for reuse. Ground-water treatment units were
built in the spring of 1993. It is expected to
take nearly 10 years to reduce pollutants in the
aquifer to acceptable health levels. A portion of
the site is currently being used for sheet metal
work. The site will support industrial use in
the future.
Results and Benefits:
The entire site cleanup cost is being collected
from 152 Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs).
The site owner was found guilty of 17 counts of
mishandling hazardous waste and received a
jail sentence of 3 months for negligent and
intentional dumping. The actions at this site
reduced the threat to nearby residents and to
underground sources of water.
Background:
The City Industries site operated from 1971 to
1983 as a hazardous waste handling facility.
The 1-acre site is located in a light industrial
area in the community of Goldenrod, a few miles
from Orlando. Approximately 120,000 people
live within 3 miles of the site. Soil and ground-
water contamination occurred as the result of
repeated mishandling and negligent dumping
of waste at the site. Activities during the 12
years of site operation included storing,
handling, and disposing of paints and varnishes,
solvents, ink, and plating wastes. Hazardous
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) included
benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and
tetrachloroethylene. In 1983, the owner
abandoned the site, leaving nearly 1,200 drums
of hazardous waste and 12,000 gallons of
unknown liquids and sludge in a number of large
holding tanks.
Actions:
After the site was abandoned in 1983, the
Florida Department of Environmental
Regulation (FDER) removed drums, sludge, and
soil from the site. Ten tons of the most highly
contaminated soil were taken to an EPA-
approved hazardous waste landfill. EPA
removed and heat-treated approximately 1,670
tons of additional soil. The decontaminated soil
was then returned to the site.
There also was concern about the potential
danger of contaminated ground water spreading
into lower and deeper aquifers used for drinking
water.
In 1990, EPA selected a ground-water cleanup
plan that involved the construction of ground-
water treatment units, which were constructed
in 1993.
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Page Intentionally Blank
254
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Distier Farm, Region 4
Jefferson County, Kentucky
Status:
Construction of the entire ground-water
treatment system and site restoration were
completed 1989. Cleanup remedial activities
have been completed. Long-term operation and
maintenance of the ground-water treatment
system began in 1990 and will continue until
cleanup goals for the site are met.
Results and Benefits:
While long-term operation and maintenance
activities are continuing to ensure that residual
contaminants in the ground water remain within
safety levels, cleanup of contaminated soil has
eliminated the threat to nearby residents and
the environment. Because of the effectiveness
of the cleanup, the site's value has returned to
market value. Given the industrial setting in
conjunction with the river access, reuse of the
site is imminent once the institutional controls
are removed.
Background:
The 3-acre Distier Farm site was discovered in
1977, when EPA launched a search for sites
previously used to store industrial wastes. In
January 1979, EPA responded to an emergency
situation when flood waters scattered drums of
industrial waste stored at the site along the flood
plain of Stump Gap Creek, a tributary of the
Ohio River.
Actions:
During the initial cleanup effort, underground
drum disposal trenches were discovered. EPA
conducted various studies from 1979 through
1984, confirming evidence of soil and ground-
water contamination from volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) as well as heavy metals from
former drum storage practices.
A total of 832 drums containing chemicals
characteristic of the paint and varnish industry
were recovered, recontainerized, and moved to
higher ground. Under the direction of the
Kentucky Department for Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection, the drums were
later sent to an approved disposal facility.
The final site cleanup actions began in 1988.
Cleanup activities included excavating and
removing all contaminated soils; backfilling with
natural granular soils; and extracting
contaminated ground water for treatment. After
the soil was removed, the waste pits were
backfilled and the entire site was graded,
cultivated, and covered with grass to control
erosion. A ground-water treatment system has
been installed.
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256
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Flowood Site, Region 4
Flowood, Mississippi
Status:
At the pre-final inspection on July 20, 1993,
EPA and the State of Mississippi determined that
the contractors had constructed the remedy in
accordance with the Remedial Design plans and
specifications. Ground-water monitoring and
operation and maintenance of the site will be
performed. Deed restrictions were imposed to
ensure that the remedy remains protective of
human health and the environment. The site is
currently an active industrial site.
Results and Benefits:
Treated waste was capped onsite to protect
public health and the environment from
exposure to contaminated soils through
inhalation, direct contact, and surface runoff.
Also, the solidification/stabilization of the
contaminated soil will prevent the spread of
contaminants to other soils or the ground water.
Cleanup levels developed for soil at this site are
consistent with those generally applied to sites
which may be returned to residential use.
Background:
Located along Highway 468 on the east side of
the Pearl River, the site covers approximately
225 acres and consists of wetlands and lowlands
of the alluvial plain of the Pearl River. The site
is separated from the river by levees. The
surrounding land contains industrial,
agricultural, commercial, and residential areas,
as well as undeveloped swamp and forest areas.
The site is bordered by various industrial and
commercial operations on the north and east,
and forested areas to the west. The nearest
residence is more than 1/2 mile to the south.
Approximately 940 people lived in the town of
Flowood in 1988.
Two manufacturing facilities have existed at the
site since the 1940s. One facility is a corrugated
box company that has been operating since the
1950s. The other facility has been
manufacturing stoneware cooking pots since the
1970s. The previous owner manufactured
ceramic tiles at this facility from the 1950s until
the 1970s.
In 1982, State officials discovered that
wastewater containing elevated levels of lead was
being discharged into an onsite canal.
Subsequent sampling detected lead
contamination in the water and sediments from
the canal. The State began an emergency
treatment and removal process to address the
contaminated wastewater; however, the process
was discontinued when higher levels of lead were
found in the canal adjacent to one of the
manufacturing sites. In 1983, EPA
investigations revealed high lead levels in onsite
sludges, sediments, and surface soil in five areas
around the site. Low levels of contamination
were also found in the ground water in the
immediate vicinity of the disposal areas.
Action:
At the request of the State, the site was proposed
for inclusion on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in June 1983, and was added to the final NPL
in September 1984. The remedy specified in
the Record of Decision (ROD) on September 30,
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Flowood Site, Region 4
(Continued)
1988, included excavating and solidifying/
stabilizing 6,000 cubic yards of lead-
contaminated soils and sediments; backfilling
treated materials into the slough/canal area;
and covering, regrading, and reseeding the area.
Deed restrictions were imposed on the area
where treated materials were placed; however,
later site investigations revealed additional
contamination beneath certain buildings.
Institutional controls (deed restrictions) were
imposed on those areas to prevent a future use
of the property that could disturb the integrity
of the containment of the contamination
provided by the building slabs.
Ground-water monitoring and operation and
maintenance of the site will be performed by
the Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs).
However, no remedial action has been performed
on the ground water. Upon completion of the
remedy, hazardous substances remained onsite
above levels allowing for unlimited use and
unrestricted exposure. Therefore, a statutory
5-year review will be conducted before June 22,
1997.
258
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
General Tire and Rubber Co., Region 4
Graves County, Kentucky
Status:
The facility associated with this landfill
continues to manufacture tires and operates six
ground-water extraction wells that provide the
facility with non-contact cooling water. In the
fall of 1985, to prevent erosion, a 2-foot cover
was placed over the landfill, and the surface was
seeded. The facility also performs operation and
maintenance activities at the landfill, and is
negotiating with the State to develop a ground-
water monitoring plan. The site currently is a
closed landfill.
Results and Benefits:
Approximately 1,500 people obtain drinking
water from five municipal wells within 3 miles
of the site; however, the six ground-water
extraction wells used for non-contact cooling
water provide a significant level of protection to
human health by diverting the ground-water
flow away from these wells, as well as Mayfield
Creek. Therefore, no private or public water
supply wells are within dose proximity to the
landfill that may be adversely impacted under
the current hydrogeologic conditions.
Based on the data collected in the remedial
investigation, and the potential current and
future risks estimated in the baseline risk
assessment, no further action is necessary at
this site to provide additional protection to
human health and the environment.
Background:
This site is a 58.5-acre landfill located 1/3 mile
northeast of the company's tire manufacturing
plant. The site is located east of State Highway
45, approximately 2 miles north of the town of
Mayfield in Graves County Kentucky. The
landfill is bounded by farmland to the north and
southeast, vacant land and the tire plant to the
southwest, a railroad to the west, and a wooded
area to the east. The eastern edge of the landfill
roughly follows Mayfield Creek, approximately
500 feet from the site.
Between 1970 and 1984, the landfill was used
exclusively by General Tire's Mayfield facility for
the disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous
plant wastes, including: scrap rubber and tires;
trash, wood, and paper packaging; rejected
product material; scrap hydraulic oil; non-
reclaimable lubricating oil; waste cement
mixtures containing solvents; carbon black; and
floor sweepings. An estimated 152 tons of
hazardous wastes were disposed of in the landfill
(with the State's approval) between 1970
and 1979. Disposal of hazardous wastes ceased
in 1979.
Heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, as
weE as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have
been detected in the ground water, surface
water, sediments, and soils; however, the
concentrations were within EPA's acceptable
limits. Ingestion of contaminated ground water
is the primary potential exposure pathway.
Actions:
In 1979, disposal of hazardous wastes ceased
in accordance with RCRA, In late 1980,
Kentucky Department of Environmental
Protection required the facility to implement a
ground-water monitoring program in the vicinity
259
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General Tire and Rubber Co., Region 4
(Continued)
of the landfill. In September 1984, General Tire
submitted a closure plan for the landfill, and in
the fall of 1985, a 2-foot cover was placed over
the landfill, and the surface was seeded to
prevent erosion. Preliminary closure was
granted in February 1987, and the site
conducted post-closure monitoring from that
time until February 1989. In December 1989,
General Tire entered into an Administrative
Order by Consent to perform the remedial
investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS). By
February 1990, the site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL), and on October
22, 1990, the RI/FS commenced. Final closure
has not yet been granted by the State.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Gold Coast Oil, Region 4
Miami, Florida
Status:
As a result of remedial actions, a ground-water
treatment system that uses an air-stripping
technique has been installed. This treatment
will continue until drinking water standards are
met. The public water supply plant installed a
treatment system to remove heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
drinking water. The site is currently vacant,
with a fence around the site to limit access.
Results and Benefits:
Protection of Miami's drinking water was one of
the most significant goals accomplished by this
Superfund action. Fourteen companies formerly
associated with the site agreed to finance and
carry out the cleanup. Surface cleanup goals
have been achieved.
Background:
From 1971 to 1982, the Gold Coast Oil
Corporation operated a solvent reclaiming
facility and bulk storage area on a 1.5-acre site
leased from the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad.
In 1981, EPA found over 2,500 corroded and
leaking drums containing sludge from the
solvent distilling operation, contaminated soils,
and paint waste on this site located in Miami,
Florida. The major concern was that lead, zinc,
and various organic pollutants found in the
shallow ground water at the site might reach
and contaminate the Biscayne Aquifer, a sole
source of drinking water for the area around
Miami.
Actions:
After evicting Gold Coast Oil from its property,
Seaboard removed the leaking drums,
contaminated sludges, soil, and over five
truckloads of contaminated bulk liquids. In
1987, EPA chose a remedy that included
excavating and removing soil and sludges to
be treated offsite. A ground-water extraction
and treatment system was installed. Air
stripping will be used to remove organics from
the ground water.
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f*. *•* p«8
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal, Region 4
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Status:
All site construction activities are complete.
Activities necessary to achieve ground-water
remediation and site completion are ongoing;
however, these activities are anticipated to be
completed within 10 years. Operation and
maintenance activities are being conducted
through a fund-financed action. The site is
currently being used for to manufacture
solderless electrical components.
Results and Benefits;
The selected remedy (onsite treatment of
contaminated soE and ground water) eliminates
the principal threat posed to human health and
the environment by preventing further migration
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and by
treating the soil and ground water to health-
based levels.
Background:
This site is located on 3.5 acres in an industrial
area of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and is bordered
by streets, alleys, and other industrial
properties. The nearest residential area is
approximately 200 yards southeast of the site.
Several communities in the vicinity of the site
draw water from the shallow Biscayne Aquifer.
The primary water supply for the City of Fort
Lauderdale is Prospect Well Field, which taps
the Biscayne Aquifer for water supply. This well
field is located 2 miles west of the site. The
Biscayne Aquifer is the primary source of
drinking water for 3-million residents of south
Florida.
The facility was in operation from 1968 to 1982
as a solderless terminal manufacturer. Activities
at the site included using molten salt baths,
degreasing parts, and electroplating. The wash
and process waters that contained varying
concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE) and
heavy metals were disposed in onsite drainfields,
by surface discharges, and in a 100-foot deep
injection well. In addition, wastes periodically
entered the ground through spillage or other
similar drainfields. The primary contaminants
of concern are VOCs, TCE, vinyl chloride, and
1,2-trans-dichloroethene.
Action:
The site was included on the first official National
Priorities List (NPL) publishedby EPA in 1982.
The Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) initiated
remedial investigation activities in 1983. EPA
subsequently conducted the feasibility study
and issued a Record of Decision (ROD) in 1986.
EPA completed the remedial design in 1988. At
the final inspection on March 18, 1993, EPA
and the State of Florida determined that EPA's
contractor had constructed the remedy in
accordance with the remedial design plans and
specifications. The selected remedy included:
excavation, onsite treatment (aeration), and
replacement of VOC-contaminated soil; and
extraction, onsite treatment (air stripping), and
reinjection of ground water. Soil cleanup levels
were achieved in July 1991, and the cleanup
criteria for ground water are expected to be
achieved in less than 10 years.
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264
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m
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Independent Nail Company, Region 4
Beaufort, South Carolina
Status:
AM remedial activities have been completed at
the site, and all surface contamination has been
cleaned up. Additionally, EPA has determined
that ground-water resources do not pose a
threat to the public and that no cleanup
measures are needed to address the low levels
of contamination. Extensive evaluations of the
completed remedies and site sampling have
determined that the site is now safe to nearby
residents and the environment. The site is
currently being used for a nail coating operation.
EPA has begun the process to delete this site
from the National Priorities List (NPL),
Results and Benefits;
Three Superfund sites are in Beaufort County,
all above the Ocala Aquifer that runs through
Beaufort County, along Georgia's coast, and
under the entire State of Florida. According to
EPA research data, these sites and other
Superfund sites within 3 miles posed the
greatest threat to the area's drinking water
supply. The initial removal actions have stopped
the spread of contamination to the Ocala Aquifer,
which supplies water to residents of Beaufort,
Colleton, Jasper, and Hampton counties.
Independent Nail Company, the current owner,
operates a paneling nail coating process and has
never discharged wastewater to a lagoon.
Background:
The 25-acre Independent Nail Company site is
located about 3 miles northwest of Beaufort,
South Carolina, in an area of fields, woodland,
and wetland. Until 1980, the former owner, a
manufacturer of screws and fasteners,
discharged approximately 33,000 to 75,000
gallons per day of plating wastewater into an
unlined infiltration lagoon. In 1980,
Independent Nail Company purchased the
facility and discovered ground-water
contamination present in monitoring wells.
Ground-water investigations conducted at the
site by the State in 1975 and 1980 identified
metals contamination in the ground water.
Although the State took no action,
concentrations of chromium and lead exceeded
drinking water standards. The investigation also
indicated that cadmium, nickel, and zinc were
also contaminating the ground water, to 1982,
EPA found heavy metal contamination that
included cadmium, chromium, nickel, and zinc
in soils and surface water in and around the
lagoon and drainage ditch at the site. Sampling
conducted in 1985, however, showed no metal
contaminant concentrations exceeding drinking
water standards.
There was no risk to human health or the
environment from the low level of contamination
in the ground water. Endangered and threatened
species may exist in the area near the site.
Actions:
In 1988, EPA fenced the area around the lagoon
to restrict access to the waste onsite. Because
the site is located in a major recharge zone, EPA
chose to excavate soil and lagoon sediments.
Contaminated soil was treated by stabilization
and solidification. Following treatment, the sofl
265
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Independent Nail Company, Region 4
(Continued)
sediment was placed in the excavated lagoon,
covered with 6 inches of soil, and vegetated. The
selected remedial action for ground water was
no action.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
Lee's Lane landfill, Region 4
Jefferson County, Kentucky
Status:
EPA finished cleaning up the Lee's Lane Landfill
site in 1987 and is now conducting operation
and maintenance remedial activities, scheduled
to last for 30 years. These activities include
quarterly sampling of monitoring wells and
inspections of the site and components of the
gas collection system. The site is currently a
closed landfill, located in the fioodplain of the
Ohio River.
Results and Benefits:
Due to the emergency response activities and
the swift completion of the remedial actions, the
threats of explosion, contaminated ground water
and surface water, and air pollution have been
removed. Safe drinking water has been provided
to nearby residents, and the site has been
stabilized against the constant threat of flooding.
Surface remediation goals have been achieved.
Background:
Lee's Lane Landfill is a 112-acre landfill and
junkyard that lies in the fioodplain along the
Ohio River. This operation received over 2-
million cubic yards of domestic, commercial, and
industrial wastes between the 1940s and 1975.
Approximately 212,400 tons of these wastes
were various chemical wastes. Sand and gravel
quarrying occurred on the site before and during
the property's use as a landfilL Portions of the
landfill flood almost every year.
In 1975, residents living next to the site reported
flash fires around their water heaters. After
explosive levels of methane gas were detected,
seven homes nearby were evacuated and
purchased by the local authorities. The State
closed the landfill that same year. County, State,
and Federal agencies documented the presence
of methane and toxic gases venting from the
landfill.
Actions:
In October 1980, after methane was discovered
in other homes nearby, the State installed a gas
venting system at the landfill. Additionally, State
personnel discovered 400 exposed drums of
hazardous materials, some highly flammable,
on the Ohio River Bank next to the landfill. In
October 1981, the site owners pumped the liquid
wastes from the drums and took them to an
approved disposal facility. The drums and the
solid wastes were removed from the river bank
and buried onsite.
EPA selected a remedy for this site in 1986,
which included providing for a gas collection
system; installing alternate water supplies;
removing exposed drums; implementing
institutional controls; and monitoring ground
water, gas, and air. to 1987 and 1988, EPA
emergency staff performed cleanup activities at
the landfill, including site security and migration
control. Workers also regraded and reseeded
the backfill that floods had washed out.
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268
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Lewisburg Dump, Region 4
Marshall County, Tennessee
Status:
Construction of the final remedial action was
completed in September 1993. As part of
operation and maintenance, ground-water
monitoring is planned to continue for 5 years to
assess the effectiveness of the remedy. Deed
restrictions have been placed on the property
to limit future land and ground-water use. The
fenced site is currently a closed landfill.
Results and Benefits:
Due to the implementation of the remedy, the
site is not expected to pose a threat to human
health or the environment. The potential
exposure to surface contaminants has also been
eliminated. The selected remedy reduces the
potential of contamination reaching the ground
water and quarry pond surface water.
Background:
The Lewisburg Dump is a 20-acre tract of land
located among farms and pastureland about I/
2 mile north of Lewisburg. The site is an
abandoned 6-aore limestone quarry, of which 4
acres were used as a municipal and industrial
dump from the 1950s to 1979. The site also
contains a 2-acre pond adjacent to the landfill
that was used for illegal dumping. In 1973, the
Tennessee Department of Public Health
conducted a study that found that the quarry
was an unfit location for a sanitary landfill. The
City of Lewisburg initiated interim closure of the
dump in 1979 by placing clay and soil over the
waste. The Lewisburg Dump was proposed for
addition to the NPL on December 1, 1982, and
was placed final on the NPL on September 1,
1983.
Plastics, heavy metals (including copper,
aluminum, barium, manganese, and zinc), and
VOCs were found in the soil, leachate, and
surface water. Of the 52 contaminants identified
in site media, only 6 contaminants were
identified frequently or at significant levels. Two
contaminants in particular, copper and bis(2-
ethylhexyl phthalate), required the
implementation of remedial action.
A well survey identified 123 households within
a 2-mile radius with at least one well on their
property. Approximately 70 of these households
use ground water for domestic or livestock
purposes. Most residents near the site do not
use ground water; they are connected to the
municipal water supply. No elevated
contaminant levels related to the Lewisburg
Dump site contamination were found in any
offsite ground water.
Actions:
The selected remedy included removal and
offsite disposal of site surface debris, removal
and offsite disposal of all debris in the quarry
pond, removal and offsite disposal of hazardous
waste in drums, replacement of plastic test-pit
caps with landfill cap material, regrading and
compaction of the existing landfill cap,
institutional controls, and long-term monitoring.
Because of the karst geology, dye-tracer studies
were conducted to determine the most adequate
ground-water monitoring points. Ground-water
monitoring revealed only bis(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate present at levels above
drinking water criteria. Removal of the metallic
•>RQ
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Lewisburg Dump, Region 4
(Continued)
waste (source material) from the quarry pond
serves to eliminate further leaching and metal
contamination in the waters of the quarry pond.
Regrading and proper compaction of the landfill
cap limits infiltration of water into the landfill
cap, thereby eliminating excessive leachate
generation.
27O
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Luminous Processes, Inc., Region 4
Athens, Georgia
Status:
As a. result of remedial action, a well-known fast-
food chain currently occupies this site.
Results and Benefits:
All remediation including the subsequent
backfilling and seeding were completed within
a 5-month period. As a result of the cleanup
activities, the site no longer posed a threat to
the neighboring community or the surrounding
environment. Due to the current reuse, the
property is valued at nearly $500,000 dollars.
Background:
At a 1-acre site in Athens, Georgia, the
Luminous Processes, Inc. used radioactive
isotopes to paint watch and clock dials from
1952 to 1978. In 1980, the company abandoned
the site, leaving contaminated structures and
soil contaminated with radium-226 and tritium
from the previous manufacturing processes.
Actions:
The remedial action at the site involved complete
removal of the radioactive contaminants to
ensure that radiation and radioactive material
levels were reduced to acceptable levels. In
1982, 18,015 cubic feet of soil and materials
contaminated with radium-226 were removed
for offsite disposal. Contaminated structures
inside the building and contaminated soil and
materials in adjacent septic tank tile field areas
were also removed.
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272
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-„ ^
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
Miami Drum Services, Region 4
Miami, Florida
Status:
The Miami Drum Services site has been
remediated through a combination of removal
and remedial activities. A final closeout report
was signed for the remedial cleanup in March
1993. The site is currently being used as a
public transit maintenance yard.
Results and Benefits:
County, State, and Federal actions have
protected the drinking water supply for almost
1-million residents in Bade County, Florida.
Drinking water supplies have been safeguarded
by the excavation and water treatment remedies
performed at the site. EPA and the county have
divided the cost for installing air strippers at
the Preston and Hialeah Water Treatment Plants
located near Miami, Florida. Two public well
fields, impacted by the contamination, are now
back in use after construction of the air stripping
system. Surface cleanup standards and ground-
water cleanup standards have been achieved.
Background:
This 1.3-acre site was an inactive drum recycling
facility located in a predominantly industrial
section of northwestern Dade County. An
auxiliary well field is located 750 feet west of
the site; water from these wells is used during
peak water-use periods.
The facility operated for approximately 15 years
and handled drums received from a variety of
industries, such as chemical, plating, polishing,
textile, and paint manufacturing. As many as
5,000 drums containing industrial waste were
observed on the site by State officials while the
company was in operation. The wastes have
been recorded as including corrosives, solvents,
pesticides, phenols, and toxic metals. As a
result of county actions, a local court order
required the company to cease operation in
June 1981.
The Biscayne Aquifer is approximately 3 feet
below the natural ground surface at the site.
Analytical testing results indicated that the soil
and ground water beneath the site were
contaminated. The soils showed high
concentrations of phenols, heavy metals, oils
and grease, and pesticides. Past testing had
also shown that water taken from the top few
feet of the Biscayne Aquifer showed high
concentrations of phenols, oil and grease,
cyanide, and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs).
The abandoned site was acquired by Dade
County in October 1981 through eminent
domain proceedings for construction of a mass
transit (train) maintenance and storage yard.
The Miami Drum Services site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983.
Actions:
When the Dade County Department of
Transportation purchased the Miami Drum Site
in 1981, it decided to undertake remedial
cleanup of surface material and apply for
reimbursement under Superfund. With
coordination between EPA, the County, and the
State, over 250,000 cubic feet of hazardous
debris and soil were excavated for disposal at
an authorized hazardous waste disposal facility.
27S
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Miami Drum Services, Region 4
(Continued)
Additionally, 650,000 gallons of ground water the water was moving offsite in a westernly and
were treated prior to recharge to the Biscayne southernly direction. The movement was
Aquifer, These immediate soil and ground-water attributed to the natural ground-water flow and
remedial actions occurred during December the specific effects of well field pumping in the
1981 and January 1982. area. Source removal had eliminated the
potential for future ground-water
EPA and the State conducted a remedial contamination. Installation of air stripping
investigation in 1982, with drilling of monitoring devices at the Miami Water Treatment Plant has
wells performed by the U.S. Geological Survey been completed to ensure residual contaminants
in 1983. Results of these efforts showed that are removed.
the Biscayne Aquifer was contaminated and that
274
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Monsanto Corp. (Angus), Region 4
Augusta, Georgia
Status:
All remedial activities at this site have been
completed. The drinking water standard has
been attained. Ground-water monitoring will
continue for a minimum of 2 years. The site is
currently an active, industrial facility.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial action selected at this site has
protected human health and the environment
from potential exposure to the arsenic-
contaminated ground water in the surficial
aquifer. The actions have minimized the
migration of contamination from the onsite
landfills toward Phinizy Swamp and the
underlying aquifer, and has restored the ground
water in the surficial aquifer to drinking water
quality.
Background:
The Monsanto-Angus Plant has been in
operation since 1962. Prom 1964 to 1974, two
landfills (0.1 acre each) were used to dispose of
solid waste and sludges containing arsenic
trisulfide. Plant officials estimated that
approximately 1,500 pounds of arsenic had been
placed in these landfills. In 1971, Landfill #1
was covered with soil, crowned with gravel, and
seeded with grass. In 1977, Landfill #2 was
dosed by Monsanto in the same manner as
Landfill #1.
The site is located in an industrial park that is
zoned for heavy industrial use. Within a 3-mile
radius, land is zoned commercial, residential,
and industrial. The nearest residential area is
1/2 mile northwest of the site. Phinizy Swamp
is located approximately 1 mile northeast of the
site. The Tuscaloosa Aquifer, a source of
drinking water for the area, lies beneath the site.
Actions:
Contamination problems were first identified by
the State in August 1975. In June 1979,
Monsanto began monitoring the quality of the
ground water at the site. In 1980, at the State's
request, Monsanto installed additional
monitoring wells and discovered arsenic levels
that exceeded the federally regulated drinking
water standards in the surficial aquifer. During
November 1983, Monsanto excavated the waste
from both landfills and transported it to an
approved landfill. This site was added to the
National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1984.
EPA selected a remedy that consisted of
continued monitoring of arsenic levels in the
surficial aquifer. Additionally, contaminated
ground water will continue to be extracted, and
then discharged and treated at the town's water
treatment plant should arsenic levels be above
safe standards.
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276
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Mowbray Engineering Company, Region 4
Greenville, Alabama
Status:
As a result of remedial activities, site cleanup
standards were met in 1991. The site is
currently being reviewed by EPA and was
expected to be deleted from the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1994. The site currently
consists of an unoccupied building and parcel
of land.
Results and Benefits:
Sensitive wetlands were spared further
contamination by EPA's immediate action.
Contaminant migration offsite into Persimmon
Creek, which is used for fishing and other
recreational activities, has been stopped.
Cleanup activities have eliminated all soil,
surface-water, and ground-water
contamination, making the site safe to nearby
residents and the environment.
Background:
The 3-acre Mowbray Engineering Company is
located on a swamp in Butler County, Alabama.
An aquifer underlying the site supplies
approximately 11,400 residents with drinking
water. For more than 20 years during its
electrical transformer repair operations, the
Mowbray Engineering Company annually
disposed of approximately 9,000 gallons of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) containing
waste transformer oils. In 1981, EPA found that
the soil and ground water were contaminated
with PCBs, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and pofycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Also, fish caught in 1981 at the confluence of
Persimmon Creek and Tanyard Branch and
downstream were contaminated with PCBs. In
1990, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
signed a Consent Decree in which they agreed
to assume complete responsibility for the
operation and maintenance of the site and to
pay for past investigation and cleanup activities.
Actions:
In 1981, initial emergency cleanup efforts
removed the top 6 inches of PCB-contaminated
soil. EPA's remedy included: excavating,
disposing of, and removing underground storage
tanks; treating or disposing of waste oils in the
swamp area and in the underground storage
tanks by a method approved under the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA); diverting
surface runoff around the swamp area;
excavating contaminated soils and incinerating
them on or off the site, or alternatively stabilizing
and solidifying them; grading and replanting the
swamp, and property closing the abandoned
water supply well onsite; and conducting
operation and maintenance activities at the site
as necessary.
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278
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Newport Dump, Region 4
Wilder, Kentucky-
Status:
Remedial construction was completed in
February 1991. The unsecured site is currently
undergoing operation and maintenance
activities to prevent offsite migration of
contaminants via surface and ground water.
EPA is completing the final processes for deleting
the site from the National Priorities List (NPL).
Leachate collection has been discontinued. Gas
monitoring wells are used to detect toxic or
explosive gases that might be produced by the
landfill. The site is currently being used for
informal recreation; additional reuse purposes
are being considered.
Results and Benefits:
Through the extension of the leachate collection
system, restoration of the clay cover, and a
multimedia monitoring program, water supplies
used by over 75,000 people have been protected
by Superfund actions. The area will no longer
pose a threat to nearby residents and to Licking
Creek, a tributary to the Ohio River. Although
currently unoccupied, the site is apparently
used by area residents for recreational activities
with all-terrain vehicles. The Northern Kentucky
Port Authority (NKPA) paid for the proper closure
of the site as well as its operation and
maintenance.
Background:
The Newport Dump site is a former municipal
landfill located in the City of Wilder (population
633), about 3 miles south of Newport, Kentucky,
a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. The 39-acre site
is bounded on the north and east by a small
industrial park and on the west by Licking
Creek. About 250 feet downstream of the site
is the main raw water intake for the Kenton
County water treatment plant, which serves
about 75,000 consumers in Kenton and Boone
Counties in Kentucky.
The site was permitted as a landfill for disposal
of residential and commercial wastes from the
late 1940s until its closure in 1979. During
this time, the City of Newport was cited for
numerous permit violations including open
burning, absence of daily cover, onsite ponding
of water, uncovered refuse, presence of leachate,
and handling of hazardous waste without a
permit.
In 1978, the City of Newport and the Kentucky
Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection (KDNREP) entered
into an Agreed Order to bring about the closure
of the site as a landfill. In 1979, the site was
purchased by NKPA with the understanding that
the new owner would be responsible for
maintenance and proper closure. NKPA and
KDNREP then reached an Agreed Order
requiring proper closure of the site.
Actions:
In efforts to comply with the Agreed Order, NKPA
installed a leachate collection system, regraded
portions of the site, constructed a clay cap over
the waste, and covered the area with vegetation.
Although NKPA made these initial remedial
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Newport Dump, Region 4
(Continued)
efforts, it lacked adequate funding to implement
the Agreed Order with the State for closure.
Subsequent site inspections by EPA in 1985
indicated leachate breakouts containing lead,
chromium, and PCBs seeping into the Licking
River.
EPA initiated the remedial investigation in 1985
and completed it in 1986. EPA implemented a
monitoring program of surface -water, ground
water, and soil; restored and extended the
leachate collection system; and restored,
regraded, and revegetated the existing clay cover.
The 5-year review conducted in 1993 found
generally acceptable levels of contaminants in
the various media. Increased frequency of
surveillance and maintenance was
recommended. Minor damage to the clay core
has occurred due to vehicle activity on the site.
It was noted that as long as the 1988 Operations
and Maintenance Plan is followed, there should
be no need to secure the site.
280
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^Mfe jMM ^^"^*^
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Parramore Surplus, Region 4
Mount Pleasant, Gadsden County, Florida
Status:
The Parramore Surplus Company (PSC) site is
an active, private facility that stores and resells
surplus government products purchased from
naval air bases in Florida and Alabama.
Remediation of contaminated soil was
conducted, and subsequent studies determined
that the site did not pose a significant threat to
human health or the environment. No further
action is required at this site.
Results and Benefits:
Cleanup activities including the removal of
hazardous chemicals and contaminated soil
have eliminated possible sources of ground-
water contamination. Post-ROD (Record of
Decision) sampling revealed that the site poses
no threat to human health or the environment.
Background:
The PSC site, located in Mount Pleasant, Florida,
is approximately 25 acres. This site has
conducted warehousing and selling of
government products since 1972. Some of the
products include paint residues, waste oil,
alcohols, and degreasers. In March 1982, the
Florida Department of Environmental
Regulation (FDER) inspected the site and
estimated that 400 to 600 drums were stored
onsite and that many were leaking and killing
the surrounding vegetation.
The site is located in a low density residential
area with approximately 20 homes in the
immediate vicinity of the site. Less than 100
people live within a 1-mile radius of the site.
The area surrounding the site is primarily
agricultural and forest land. No major water
bodies are in the PSC site.
Actions:
At the request of the FDER, EPA conducted a
site inspection and collected soil and waste
samples in May 1982. Laboratory analysis of
the samples collected revealed high
concentrations of PCB-1254. Consequently, the
owner conducted cleanup activities that
included the removal of hazardous chemicals
and contaminated soil. Both FDER and EPA
inspected the Parramore site on July 28, 1983,
and noted that the conditions of the cleanup
agreement had been met. During the
investigation, three additional contaminated
areas were observed. At the request of FDER,
the owner removed contaminated soil in these
areas.
The site was added to the National Priorities List
(NPL) on September 8, 1983. EPA denied a
subsequent request by FDER to delete the site
from the NPL because no data existed to show
that the soil removal was an effective remedy of
the surface contamination. In March 1985, EPA
conducted a modified remedial investigation and
detected elevated levels of organic compounds
at three locations in the soil. Samples taken
from well points contained high amounts of
sediments, and the analytical results were not
considered to be indicative of true site
conditions. A Public Health Evaluation (PHE)
was completed by EPA in August 1987 to
determine what risk, if any was posed to human
281
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Parramore Surplus, Region 4
(Continued)
health from the contaminated soil. Also, a
ground-water quality assessment was
conducted to assure that no ground-water
contamination occurred from past releases of
hazardous materials.
The ROD, signed on September 15, 1987,
specified the installation of ground-water
monitoring wells, followed by two periods of
ground-water sampling and analyses to assure
that ground water was not adversely impacted
by past releases of hazardous substances. If
the ground-water contaminant levels exceeded
allowable concentrations, a detailed
investigation would be initiated. If these levels
did not exceed applicable or relevant and
appropriate requirements, and did not pose
significant risk to human health or the
environment, no further action would be taken.
Based on the results of the ground-water
analysis, EPA (with concurrence from FDER)
determined that no further action was
necessary, and the site was deleted from the
NPL in February 1989.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
PCB Spills, Region 4
243 Miles of Road, North Carolina
Status:
As a result of the completed cleanup remedial
actions and the removal of site contamination,
EPA, in consultation with the State, deleted the
site from the National Priorities List (NPL) on
March 7, 1986.
Results and Benefits:
The disposal of contaminated soil was completed
in 1982, and the landfill that was newly
constructed for the soil was capped, graded, and
vegetated. Subsequent testing indicated that
no contamination was present in the ground
water, surface water, or plant and animal life in
the area of the PCB spills.
Background:
Between June and August 1978, over 30,000
gallons of industrial waste were deliberately
discharged along 243 miles of highway
shoulders in 14 counties of North Carolina.
Analysis of samples by EPA found Arochlor-
1260, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). The
individuals criminally charged with the release
were found guilty by the Federal District Court.
Actions:
To reduce mobility, the PCB waste material was
covered with activated charcoal and liquid
asphalt. Because of the quantity of soils involved
and the distance to approved landfills, the State
decided to construct a new landfill. North
Carolina sought EPA approval on December 12,
1978, for a PCB landfill in Warren County. EPA
approved the site 6 months later, subject to
compliance with a number of technical and
procedural conditions.
The State received a Cooperative Agreement for
Superfund financing of the cleanup in May
1982. Under the Agreement, the State received
$2.5 million to construct the landfill; remove,
transport, and dispose of the contaminated soils;
and reconstruct the highway shoulders.
Soil sampling was conducted at the beginning
and end points of the strips of highway shoulder
to ensure that the contaminated soils would be
removed. These areas then were excavated and
filled with clean soil.
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284
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f** ^M IpP^f
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Peppers Steel & Alloys, Region 4
Medley, Dade County, Florida
Status:
Construction at this site was completed in
January 1989 after beginning in March 1987.
However, ground-water monitoring to assess the
effectiveness of the remedy is continuing. The
site is currently a closed landfill in the form of a
monolithe.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy achieves surface
remediation goals and makes the site safe for
nearby residents and the environment. Free oil
was removed from the ground and ground water,
and contaminated soil was stabilized prior to
onsite disposal. However, monitoring is
continuing to ensure the long-term effectiveness
of the remedy. Recent monitoring indicates that
ground water on the site has been cleaned up
to the action levels specified in the Record of
Decision (ROD).
Background:
Peppers Steel & Alloys site is located in an
industrial area about 10 miles north of Miami
and 13 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean.
Contamination of the site resulted from
industrial activity that has been ongoing since
the 1960s. Onsite activities have included
battery, concrete products, and fiberglass boat
manufacturing; truck and heavy equipment
repair; sandblasting and painting services;
automobile scrap operation; and recycling of
electrical transformers.
Contamination was identified in the soil,
sediments, and ground water in and around the
site. Contaminants of concern include free oil,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, and
arsenic.
Actions:
The first action, taken in 1983, was the
immediate removal of PCB-contaminated soil
and free floating oil from the shallow subsurface.
The selected remedy included collection of aU
free oil and disposal offsite; excavation of soils
exceeding 1 ppm of PCB, 1000 ppm lead, or 5
ppm arsenic; solidification of these soils with a
cement-type mixture and placement onsite;
institutional controls to ensure future land
use compatible with the remedy; and
monitoring of the effectiveness of the remedy.
The monolith was then capped with processed
soil and covered with 12 inches of crushed
limestone as a base for future land use. Ground-
water monitoring will continue on the site.
Actions not yet complete include the
implementation of institutional controls and the
assurance of continued operation and
maintenance.
«J>«PS
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286
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Perdido Groundwater Contamination, Region 4
Perdido, Baldwin County,
Status:
Construction of the remedial action was
completed on June 28,1993; however, ground-
water treatment is expected to continue for at
least 30 years. Ground-water use is restricted
until the cleanup levels established in the Record
of Decision (ROD) dated September 30, 1988,
are achieved. A 5-year review is scheduled for
prior to May 1997. The site is currently
undeveloped land between a highway and a
railroad track.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy eliminates the principal
threat to human health by providing an
alternate source of drinking water for the
affected residences. When the ground-water
treatment phase has been completed, the
ground water will meet the drinking water
criteria for benzene. This site only affects ground
water.
Background:
The Perdido Groundwater Contamination site
is the result of a train derailment that occurred
in 1965, resulting in the release of 7,575 gallons
of benzene into ditches adjacent to the
intersection of County Highway 61 and Railroad
Street in Perdido. Perdido has a population of
approximately 450. Approximately 250
residents and a junior high school with
approximately 300 students are situated within
a 1-mile radius of the site. The surrounding
area is agricultural; livestock grazing and timber
logging are the primary activities.
Taste and odor problems in the Perdido domestic
water supply were first documented in 1981.
In 1982, 30 residents were tested for benzene
exposure and no evidence of benzene exposure
was found.
Actions:
The first action taken involved connecting 150
residences to the nearby Atmore municipal
drinking water supply. The selected remedy was
ground-water extraction, onsite treatment, and
reinjection of treated water upgradient of the
extraction system. The implemented treatment
includes iron removal, air-stripping, and vapor
phase carbon adsorption. The treatment
system was started in December 1992, but
the reinjection wells could not accept all of the
treated effluent. An explanation of significant
differences that allowed a permanent surface
water discharge not to exceed 100 gallons per
minute (gpm) was issued in May 1993. The
treatment system was reactivated on June 28,
1993, and is achieving the performance
standards.
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288
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_ -,
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Pioneer Sand Company, Region 4
Pensacola, Florida
Status:
Cleanup remedial activities are complete; all
immediate threats from site contamination have
been eliminated. The Potentially Responsible
Parties {PRPs) are conducting long-term
operation and maintenance activities at the site.
EPA will review the site in 1995 to ensure that
the remedial actions have been successful. A
portion of the site operates as an active sand
quarry.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the cleanup activities, all threats
from the former waste disposal activities have
been eliminated. Surface and surface water
remediation goals have been attained. A
Consent Decree transferred the cost from EPA
to the PRPs. The site has been fenced and is
subject to a conservation easement disallowing
any future activities or development of the site.
Background:
The 11-aere Pioneer Sand Company site is an
inactive quarry that was licensed in 1974 to
receive shredded auto parts, construction
debris, and various industrial sludges. Between
1974 and 1978, phenols and resin compounds
were deposited onsite by a local chemical
company. Domestic and industrial wastes,
including paint sludges, were received from an
adjacent military installation. Approximately 75
percent of the site are in an excavation pit; the
remaining 25 percent are a fill area where the
wastes were deposited.
In 1981, the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation (FDER) detected
elevated levels of chromium, lead, and nickel in
the onsite soil. A monitoring well installed by
Pioneer Sand and one of the surface
impoundments were found to contain elevated
levels of chromium and lead. As a result of these
findings, FDER did not renew the disposal
permit and ordered the dumping to cease.
Actions:
To halt the possible contamination of the ground
water, EPA excavated over 20 tons of
contaminated soil in 1986 and transported it to
a federally approved facility. EPA and the PRPs
entered into a Consent Decree in 1988, in which
the PRPs agreed to clean up the site. Cleanup
was completed in 1991. This involved formally
closing the landfill; collecting, treating, and
disposing of the leachate and surface waters
onsite; and conducting long-term maintenance.
During their investigation, prior to the design
of a method for cleaning up the site, the PRPs
discovered a light nonaqueous phase liquid
(LNAPL) in the landfilled area. Treatment of the
LNAPL was completed using an innovative
technology. Air is injected into the LNAPL,
increasing its viscosity and thereby limiting its
offsite migration during treatment. EPA
conducted a final inspection of the construction
and has issued a close-out report. In addition,
EPA issued a Notice of Deletion from the National
Priorities List (NPL) in the Federal Register in
February 1993. The site will be subject to a 5-
year review in 1995.
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Page Intentionally Blank
290
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Powersville Landfill, Region 4
Peach County, Georgia
Status:
All remedial actions at the site have been
completed. A multi-layer synthetic cover was
completed in 1992 and holds the wastes in
containment at the site. The site is currently a
closed landfill.
Results and Benefits:
EPA's efforts have resulted in successful
cooperation with the Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) and the community to address
the hazardous waste problem at the Powersville
Landfill site. The Superfund program effectively
halted further migration of contaminants into
the environment and ensured the safety of future
water supplies. Construction of municipal water
lines to homes with affected wells has been
completed. An alternate drinking water supply
became available during the spring of 1993. EPA
successfully negotiated with the PRPs to perform
the design and construction of cleanup
activities. Under EPA supervision, the PRPs
began designing the protective cover in
December 1988, and installation was completed
in 1992.
Background:
The Powersville Landfill covers 15 acres in Peach
County, Georgia. The surrounding area is
mainly agricultural and used for orchards and
raising livestock Approximately 150 people live
within 1 mile of the site.
Sand and gravel were quarried from the site from
the early 1940s to 1969. In 1969, Peach County
began using the quarry as a sanitary landfill.
For 10 years, the landfill received primarily
household wastes. An undetermined number
of companies also disposed of pesticides and
chemical byproducts at the site.
The landfill's floor is composed mainly of sand
and gravel, allowing water and contaminants to
move freely through the soil. Vinyl chloride, zinc,
copper, lead, and pesticides all migrated into
the ground water and soil. Thus, 15 area
drinking wells and the aquifer beneath the site
were threatened.
Actions:
Early actions were taken during the mid- to late-
1970s by the Environmental Protection Division
(EPD) from Georgia's Department of Natural
Resources to halt the disposal practices at the
landfill. In August 1983, EPD officials
recommended that adjacent residents stop using
their well water. EPD then contacted EPA's
Superfund program for assistance.
In September 1983, EPA began studying the
ground-water problem, and determined that
pesticides, metals, and vinyl chloride were
present beneath the site. Private wells were
sampled, but the concentrations were within the
safety standards set by the Safe Drinking Water
Act.
Following the studies and sampling, in
September 1987, EPA chose a cleanup
approach, which included the following:
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Powersville Tj^dfiij, Region 4
(Continued)
A multi-layer synthetic cap to cover the
site and prevent rain water from
spreading contaminants;
A channel to keep rain water off the
cover;
Onsite monitoring weEs to allow tracking
of the nature and movement of
contaminants; and
The extension of municipal water lines
to serve area residents with affected
wells, even though contamination was
within acceptable drinking water
standards.
292
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
SCRDI Dixiana, Region 4
Cayce, South Carolina
Status:
Remedial cleanup activities for ground water and
removal of drums have reduced the potential
for exposure to hazardous materials at the
SCRDI DMana site. Ground-water treatment
and monitoring will continue. The site is
currently an inactive disposal facility.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the ongoing efforts of the State, in
cooperation with EPA, the shallow aquifer
contamination has been addressed. According
to tax assessment records, the site's value has
returned to its predeanup value.
Background:
The 2-acre South Carolina Recycling and
Disposal, Inc. (SCRDI) Dixiana site is located
near Cayce, South Carolina, off Highway 321
on Ballard Court. At its operational peak, the
site contained over 1,100 drums of materials
such as paints, solvents, acids, waste oils,
phenols, and dyes. A dye that was stored onsite
and was a suspected carcinogen spilled,
contaminating the shallow ground water. The
State advised two families living adjacent to the
site not to use their well water. The ground water
was found to contain volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals from former
site activities. Approximately 1,200 people use
water supply wells within 3 miles of the site.
Actions:
In August 1978, the State filed a suit against
the owners of the SCRDI site for poor handling
practices, leaky drums, and inadvertent
discharges to the environment prior to drum
removal. The resulting court order specified that
the site could no longer receive wastes, and that
containment procedures be implemented. On
May 23, 1980, a State Circuit Judge found
SCRDI in contempt, which resulted in the
company being placed in receivership. Shortly
thereafter, SCRDI removed all the drums and
visibly contaminated soil. A remedial
investigation and feasibility study were
performed by the State from January 1984
through September 1986 under EPA's
supervision. The remedies selected by EPA
included extracting contaminated ground water,
treating it, and discharging the treated water to
the sewer system of a nearby city. Ground-water
treatment began in 1992 and is expected to be
completed within 3 years.
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Page Intentionally Blank
294
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Triana/Tennessee River Site, Region 4
Triana, Alabama
Status:
As of October 1987, 3 miles of contaminated
stream channels have been successfully isolated
and rerouted. Affected areas were filled with
clean soil and revegetated. All remedial
construction actions were completed in 1987.
Results and Benefits:
Four years after the cleanup effort began, overall
DDT concentrations in fish have decreased by
as much as 86 percent, and the DDT levels
present in the water column have decreased by
93 percent.
Because the company involved readily accepted
responsibility, the site has proven to be
economically and environmentally beneficial for
the area. The cleanup effort was nominated
twice for the National Wildlife Corporate
Conservation Council Award in 1990 and 1991.
Background:
This site covers 11 miles along two tributaries
of the Tennessee River: the Huntsville Spring
Branch and Indian Creek, where DDT
contamination posed a threat to wildlife and
human health. A large chemical company leased
areas from Redstone Arsenal (RSA) in Huntsville
for the manufacture of DDT between 1954 and
1970. During the manufacture, handling, and
storage practices, this potentially responsible
party (PRP) discharged wastewater containing
DDT through RSA's drainage channels that feed
into the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek
tributary system. Approximately 409 tons of
DDT residues accumulated downstream in the
sediment. The plant was closed and demolished
in 1971, but DDT had already contaminated the
water, fish, and nearby Wheeler Wildlife Refuge.
Actions:
In 1977, EPA, in conjunction with the Tennessee
Valley Authority (TVA) and the U.S. Army, began
investigating the site. The DDT contamination
that was discovered was enough to enact public
advisories about not eating the fish and even
avoiding contact with the water. In 1983, the site
was proposed for the National Priorities List (NPL)
and finalized 2 years later.
In 1983, the potentially responsible party (PRP)
and the EPA signed a Consent Decree that
required the PRP to develop and carry out a
remedial plan to isolate DDT from the nearby
population and the environment. The remedial
plan was submitted and reviewed by a panel
consisting of representatives from EPA, TVA, the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Department of
the Army, the Alabama Department of
Environmental Management, the town of Triana,
and the PRP. This panel is overseeing the PRP's
cleanup action until it meets the performance
standards. The PRP submitted its final
engineering design for cleaning up the site in 1986
and began construction on the initial cleanup
phase.
Ecological preservation weighed heavily in the
choice for a cleanup plan. The review panel
initially considered dredging the channels and
disposing of the DDT-contaminated sediments
offsite. Upon further evaluation, however, they
29.1
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Triana/Tennessee River Site, Region 4
(Continued)
decided this could possibly destroy aquatic and
wetlands habitats and potentially expose
downstream populations to contamination.
The methods that were used to cleanup the site
included rerouting the river channel, burying
the most heavily contaminated channel area
onsite, continuing programs for fish and water
studies, and investigating the movement of
contaminants through the water and the fish.
Targeted cleanup standards are scheduled to
be met in 1998.
A portion of the site needing attention fell within
the boundaries of the Army's Redstone Arsenal;
more specifically, within the restricted area of a
missile range and NASA's space flight center.
Site access for cleanup was gained only at night,
so all cleanup activities were conducted under
floodlights.
296
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j~ J~
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Tri-City Oil Conservation, Region 4
Temple Terrace, Florida
Status:
As a result of State and Federal removal actions,
the site cleanup for the 1/4-acre Tri-City Oil
Conservation property was completed in May
1985, and excavated areas have been backfilled
to original grades. The property was deleted
from the National Priorities List (NPL) on
September 1,1988, and currently is used by an
auto garage.
Results and Benefits:
The site is currently occupied by an automobile
garage and service center. Potential risks of
contamination to drinking water supplies have
been averted.
Background:
During its 5-year operation as a waste oil
collection and distribution center, the Tri-City
Oil Conservation Corporation was the cause of
many complaints to the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulations (FDER). The
protests from the surrounding public included
foul odors emanating from the facility and sloppy
practices of workers. Problems at the site
included waste oil spills during product
transfers, unrepaired leaks from storage tanks,
and a massive accumulation of liquid waste. In
1982, the owner/operator failed to cleanup the
site after a spill released 3,000 gallons of waste
oil.
Subsequent investigation of the site, carried out
by the FDER, revealed hydrocarbon and,
unexpectedly, heavy metal contamination in the
surrounding soil. In 1984, contaminants such
as benzene, toluene, xylene, and chlorinated
hydrocarbons were discovered in soils as deep
as 2 feet below the surface. The potential for
the hydrocarbon and metals (e.g., lead,
chromium, and zinc) to migrate to the ground
water and surface waters was considered a
substantial danger to public health and the
environment. Both water sources serve as
drinking water supplies. Approximately 35
people, living within 1 block of the site, receive
drinking water from nine private wells. The site
is about 3,000 feet from the Hillsborough River
and within 3 miles of the public well field serving
16,000 other residents.
Actions:
Activities to reclaim the site began soon after
the 1982 spill when EPA removed the bulk of
the release oil. EPA returned to the site in 1984
to conduct additional removals of sludges and
contaminated soil. The discovery of
contamination in soil below the surface
prompted the FDER to engage in an effort to
reduce contaminant concentrations to
background levels. The FDER excavated and
removed 850 cubic yards of contaminated soil
and a 16,000-gallon underground storage tank.
Approximately 5,000 gallons of organic liquid
and sludges and an aboveground storage tank
were also removed.
Follow-up ground-water sampling conducted by
the FDER in late 1985 and early 1986
determined that no contaminants exceeded the
drinking water standards. After a detailed site
analysis, EPA concurred with the FDER findings
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Tri-City Oil Conservation, Region 4
(Continued)
that the site was no longer contaminated.
Because of the success of the initial actions, the
1/4-acre property no longer met the criteria of
a Superfund site.
298
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Varsol Spill Site, Region 4
Dade County, Florida
Status:
Cleanup activities at the Varsol Spill site
included the initiation of hydrocarbon recovery
procedures in 1971. Although the actual
recovered volume was less than 10 percent of
the estimated spill, the remedial investigation
(RI) did not identify the presence of varsol in or
around the area. Because the site was not a
public or environmental threat, EPA determined
that no action was needed at the site. The site
was deleted from the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1988. The site is currently being used
by Miami International Airport.
Results and Benefits:
The site is no longer a public health concern
because the contaminants from the spill can no
longer be identified in the ground water.
Therefore, the possibility of exposure to
hazardous substances at the site is no longer a
concern. EPA performed final investigations and
deleted the site from the NPL in 1988.
Background:
This site is located in the northeast section of
Miami International Airport, Industrial
operations associated with the area have
resulted in hydrocarbon contamination of the
surface and ground waters in the vicinity. Since
1966, approximately 15 hydrocarbon spills and
leaks totaling approximately 2-million gallons,
including the loss of an estimated 1.5-million
gallons of varsol have been reported. The
contaminants were probably dissipated in the
aquifer by several factors. For example, some
of the solvent was recovered, biodegradation was
believed to have taken place, and the hydrology
of the area indicates that some of the solvent
contributed to, and became part of, the
"background" contamination in the aquifer.
The Varsol Spill site is located near the Biscayne
Aquifer, which is the sole source of drinking
water for 3 million residents of southeast Florida.
Approximately 10,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site.
Actions:
During 1970, a jet fuel spill of approximately
66,000 gallons was discovered near the west
central area of Eastern Airline properties.
During the early 1970s, Eastern Airlines
installed 54 shallow observation wells at its
maintenance base near the Varsol Spill area.
Sampling results showed that the hydrocarbon
layer diminished with time.
In the Concourse E area, Dade County installed
43 monitoring wells to determine the extent and
magnitude of jet fuel spilled. In 1983, Dade
County also installed three recovery wells in the
Concourse E area and began recovery
operations. Through May 1984, over 102,000
gallons of jet fuel were removed from this area.
In 1971, hydrocarbon decontamination
separator trenches were installed by Eastern
Airlines to remove the 1.5-million gallons of
varsol that had spilled underground. In August
1973, this operation was stopped due to slime
build up in the trenches and extremely slow
natural migration of hydrocarbons into the
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Varsol Spm Site, Region 4
(Continued)
trenches. Actual recovered volumes of
hydrocarbons were less than 10 percent of the
estimated spill. Other recovery procedures at
the airport were conducted during dewatering
operations at construction sites within the
airport, but were unsuccessful in removing
substantial quantities of hydrocarbons. In April
1981, construction activities at the site revealed
a thick hydrocarbon layer floating on the water
table in an excavated trench. The Varsol Spill
site was added to the NPL in 1983, and the
Record of Decision (ROD) was signed on March
29, 1985.
This site and two others, the Miami Drum
Services site, and the Northwest 58th Street
Landfill, were collectively considered one
management unit for the cleanup investigation
and selection of cleanup activities. At the time
of the RI in 1985, no trace of varsol in or around
the airport was detected; thus, no further action
was the recommended alternative for the site.
Factors that probably contributed to the
dissipation of the contaminants in the aquifer
were discussed above.
300
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Walcotte Chemical Co., Region 4
Greenville. Mississippi
Status:
All cleanup remedial activities have been
completed, and the site was deleted from the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1982.
Results and Benefits:
Following monitoring to ensure the effectiveness
of the cleanup, EPA and the State of Mississippi
determined that the site is now safe for nearby
residents and the environment. Surface cleanup
goals have been achieved. The site has been
used for a variety of operations and businesses
since deletion from the NPL, including a
recycling operation. However, the site is
currently vacant.
Background:
The 1-acre Walcotte Chemical site is a former
warehouse that operated from 1953 to the early
1960s. Chemicals used in producing fertilizer
were stored in drums on the site until the early
1960s. The drums deteriorated to the point
where the partially exposed chemicals in them
could have exploded or started a fire. Due to
the explosive nature of the drummed chemical
wastes, area residents temporarily were
evacuated before initial cleanup activities
occurred. The site is located in an urban,
residential, and business district, and the
nearest home is within 60 feet of the site.
Approximately 35,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site.
Drummed waste contaminants included formic
acid, various pesticides, and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The site is located in a flood
plain of the Mississippi River, which could have
resulted in the potential for contaminants to
move through the surface water into the
drinking water and surface soils.
Actions:
In 1981, EPA sent Notice Letters to the
potentially responsible parties (PRPs), giving
them the option to participate in the cleanup
actions. Illinois Central Railroad, which had
acquired ownership, voluntarily removed the
drums from the site. The drums were staged,
repacked, and transported to an EPA-certified
landfill in 1982. These actions eliminated the
threats caused by site contamination.
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^•M ^"Nl ^*»v*'*^
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc., Region 4
Pompano Beach, Florida
Status:
"No action" was the selected alternative to
address the soil and ground water at this site.
However, ground-water monitoring was
necessary for 1 year to verify that no site-related
release of contaminants was occurring. No
hazardous substances remain above health-
based levels. Currently, a metal working facility
operates at the site. The Notice of Intent to
Delete this site from the National Priorities List
(NPL) is currently being completed.
Results and Benefits:
Because of several inspections conducted by the
county authority, facility operators ceased poor
waste handling practices, including the
discharge of industrial wastes onto the ground.
Based on the results of the remedial
investigation and risk assessment conducted at
the site, EPA determined that no remedial action
was necessary to ensure protection of human
health and the environment. Current site
activities are similar to those conducted at the
site prior to its listing on the NPL.
Background:
The Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc. (Wilson)
site is located within the city limits of Pompano
Beach, which has a population of 72,400.
Approximately 93,000 people depend on
drinking water from at least 4 municipal well
fields located within 3 miles of the site. Directly
underlying the site is the Biscayne Aquifer,
which supplies all potable water for Broward
County and has been designated as a sole-
source aquifer.
This 2-acre site is located in an industrial area
of Broward County in the municipality of
Pompano Beach. This site is adjacent to
Chemform, Inc., another NPL site. Precision-
machine parts have been manufactured at this
site since 1974. From 1974 to 1980, Wilson
leased the property, and in 1980, they
purchased the site and operated it until April
1986. The facility changed ownership several
times since then, and is currently leased to and
operated by Carter and Crawley Precision
Metals, Inc. Onsite activities include machining,
drilling, and milling of metal parts, along with
vibrating, deburring, degreasing, steam
cleaning, and spray coating of parts.
From 1976 through 1989, several inspections
were conducted by the Broward County
Environmental Quality Control Board pCEQCB)
that documented poor waste handling practices,
including discharge of industrial wastes onto
the ground. On several occasions, Wilson was
cited for violations of county regulations
pertaining to the discharge of industrial wastes
onto the ground and the overflow of wastes from
two 1,200-gaUon underground storage tanks
(USTs) into a storm drain, which also eventually
dripped onto the ground. An investigation in
1987 found that Wilson was to violation of
operating a hazardous materials facility without
a license.
Actions:
In August 1985, EPA conducted a preliminary
assessment of the site and in 1986, requested
303
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Wilson Concepts of Florida, Inc., Region 4
(Continued)
its contractor to perform a sampling inspection.
In 1986, EPA discovered volatile organic
compound (VOC) and heavy metal contamination
in the soil, in ground-water samples from
monitoring weUs, and in a water sample from the
storm drain. Due to the potential hazards
associated with the contamination identified by
sampling, the site was added to the NPL on March
31, 1989.
The results of the remedial investigation (RI) and
the baseline risk assessment indicate that natural
attenuation of contaminant levels at the site has
reduced the risk from exposure to site-related
contaminants to levels that are protective of
human health and the environment. Contaminant
concentrations detected during the RI were lower
than those in the sampling investigation data,
which were used to rank the site. Site
contaminants appear to have undergone natural
attenuation, in which natural processes such as
evaporation, dispersion, and chemical reaction
reduced the concentrations of chemicals in the
soil and ground water.
In the absence of any significant source of
contamination in the soil at the site, "no action*
was selected as the preferred alternative to
address the soil. Due to a lack of significant
ground-water contamination, the "no action"
alternative was also chosen for the ground water.
However, the September 22, 1992, Record of
Decision (ROD) indicated that ground water would
be monitored quarterly for 1 year to verify that no
site-related release of contaminants was
occurring. The ROD also indicated that if the
results of the monitoring showed that there was
no unacceptable risk from exposure to site-related
contaminants in the ground water, the site would
be deleted from the NPL. However, if the results
of the monitoring showed that the site posed a
threat to human health or the environment, the
protectiveness of the "no action* alternative and
the feasibility of ground-water remediation would
be re-evaluated.
3O4
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«M«g«MggMSS{
f+ f** HP*^i
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Woodbury Chemical Company, Region 4
Princeton, Florida
Status:
The removal action conducted at the Woodbuiy
Chemical Company site in 1990 effectively
eliminated the health risks posed by the onsite
contamination. Although the site was placed
on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990, no
further actions were required after contaminated
soils were excavated in the removal action. EPA
continues to monitor the site to ensure future
safety.
A portion of the site is currently used for steel
storage while 1.4 acres remain vacant.
Surrounding land use includes farming and
commercial operations.
Results and Benefits:
The removal action eliminated the potential
health risks from direct contact with
contaminated soils and airborne dust, and also
prevented contamination of the Biscayne
Aquifer, a valuable drinking water source
underlying the site. In addition, the removal
eliminated potential risks to manatees, a
designated endangered species that frequented
a canal located approximately 2,350 feet
northeast of the site.
Background:
In 1975, the Woodbury Chemical Company
began formulating pesticides and fertilizers on
a 3-acre site in Princeton, Florida. Products
were typically produced by blending technical-
grade materials in 50-gallon vats. Facilities on
the site include an office building, warehouses,
production buildings, and aboveground storage
tanks. Most of the storage tanks are outfitted
with dikes.
The 17,600 people estimated to live within 3
miles of the site obtain drinking water from the
Biscayne Aquifer. The aquifer was designated
by EPA as the sole source of drinking water for
Dade County. Three wellfields and several
private wells are also located within 3 miles of
the site.
In 1985, an EPA site investigation and
subsequent soil analyses found contamination
at the facility due to agricultural chemicals,
including aldrin, dieldrin, toxaphene, and
chlordane. Surface soils contaminated with
agricultural chemicals posed a potential threat
to workers at the site and to the immediate
community.
Due to the proximity of the site to the Biscayne
Aquifer, offsite ground-water contamination was
also considered to be a potential threat. Analysis
of water samples taken from on-site wells
provided evidence of ground-water
contamination. Although contaminant
concentrations were below levels of concern, the
potential for increased contaminant
concentrations and off-site migration existed as
long as the source of the contamination remained
in place.
Actions:
fa 1990, contaminated soil was removed from
the site by the responsible parties. The soil was
taken to an offsite facility for disposal. In 1992,
305
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Woodbury Chemical Company, Region 4
(Continued)
SPA completed its follow-up investigation of the
site to determine the nature and extent of any
remaining contamination. Based on the results
of this investigation, EPA determined that the
immediate actions had removed all
contamination and no further cleanup actions
were required. The ground-water monitoring
program implemented by EPA is continuing,
however, to ensure that the site remains safe.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Cedartown Battery Site, Region 4
Cedartown, Georgia
Status:
This removal action is now concluded. The site
is not in use at this time.
Results and Benefits:
The major concern addressed by this cleanup
action was direct exposure to soil highly
contaminated by lead and battery acid.
Leaching of lead toto ground water was also
addressed by the soil treatment.
Background:
The Cedartown Battery site is in Polk County,
about 2 miles west of Cedartown, Georgia, in a
primarily rural area. The 6-acre site, located
on State Road 100, was operated as a battery
recycling (cracking) and scrap metal business
until 1977. The batteries were crushed, the lead
removed for reclaiming, and the battery casings
disposed of on the property. No attempt was
made to contain the battery acid. Lead-
contaminated materials were spilled and seeped
into the ground. Estimates of between 22,000
and 25,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil
have been given. Investigators stated that
homes in the area are supplied by the Polk
County City Water System's well in the northern
portion of the County, about 2.5 miles northeast.
Preliminary samples collected by EPA and the
technical assistance team in the fall of 1988
indicated that lead contamination levels ranged
from 3,450 ppm to 19,300 ppm. The Regional
representative from the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
indicated that the levels were above allowable
standards and showed that the lead may be
leaching into the ground water (Extraction
Procedure Toxicity levels ranged from 56.5 to
183 ppm). ATSDR also stated that, in its
opinion, this site is a significant health concern
for persons, particularly children, who may enter
the site and become exposed to the
contaminated soil. ATSDR recommended that
the soil be removed or access-restricted to
preclude any human contact with this soil.
Actions:
In September 1988, a concerned citizen living
in the area informed EPA that the site was not
secured and that children had been seen playing
in the area. EPA initiated a sampling
investigation and a search for potentially
responsible parties in September.
Phase I of the removal action focused on the
excavation and stockpiling of contaminated soil
and was designed to determine the extent of the
contamination through soils testing. This phase
began in June 1989 and was completed in
September 1989. Phase I also involved a
treatability study, which assessed various
methods for processing the hazardous materials
and treating the soils on the site.
ATSDR concurred that a cleanup goal of 500 to
1,000 ppm total lead at the surface would be
protective of public health. ATSDR also
concurred that the solidification of contaminated
soils would be acceptable in protecting public
health. The site was sampled to identify the
perimeter of the contaminated area.
3O7
-------
Cedartown Battery Site, Region 4
(Continued)
Phase II consisted of the solidification of the
contaminants. Solidification is a process in
which cement is introduced to "lock up"
contaminants and contain them on the site as
a permanent, concrete-like substance. Phase
II began in November 1990 and continued until
November 1991. Restoration of the site
concluded the removal operation.
All though the site's owner was contacted,
funding for the removal action could not be
achieved due to a lack of liquid assets.
Consequently, all removal actions were EPA-
funded.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Disposal Services, Inc., Region 4
Harrison County, Mississippi
Status:
All immediate removal activities have been
completed at this site. The site is presently
fenced and inactive; the company is in
bankruptcy. Because the State has assumed
responsibility for the continued cleanup of the
site, no further Superfund actions are planned.
Results and Benefits:
The migration of oil contaminated by hazardous
materials no longer poses a threat to the Biloxi
Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. The site no longer
impacts several endangered species. The site
is •within 1 mile of the Mississippi Sandhill Crane
Refuge, a habitat for the Sandhill crane, an
endangered species that nests throughout the
surrounding area. Least terns, another
endangered species, nest on the site itself. The
risk of high concentrations of chlorinated
compounds causing damage over time to these
species has been eliminated.
Background:
The Disposal Systems, Inc., (DSI) Clay Point
Facility located in Biloxi, Mississippi, began
operation in 1982. The site, located
approximately 1 mile from the Gulf of Mexico
on Biloxi Bay, is in an industrial area with
several residences on one side, an inlet on Biloxi
Bay on the opposite side, and industries on the
other two sides.
The 12-acre site was operated as a storage and
treatment facility for an off-shore drilling
operation. The generated drilling mud was
transported to the site in barges and placed in
three large onsite impoundments/lagoons for
gravity separation of oil and drilling mud. Once
separation had taken place, the drilling mud was
allowed to desiccate and was then transported
to the company's landfill in a nearby town for
disposal. In addition to drilling mud, dredge
spoils were also disposed of onsite. When DSI
went out of business, the drilling mud and other
wastes were left on the facility in drums and
open impoundments. During times of severe
thunderstorms, the impoundments overflowed.
This was further evidenced by stained soil and
concrete between the impoundments and the
Bay. The remaining drums were also left
unsecured and open to the elements; most
showed signs of significant deterioration.
Actions:
In 1988, EPA began investigating the site.
Sampling at the site revealed the presence of
chlorinated organic compounds threatening a
release to the adjoining Biloxi Bay.
Implementation of the removal action included
the following:
• Bulking of waste stored in drums at the
facility;
• Solidification of approximately 5,000
cubic yards of oily sludge material found
in two onsite lagoons;
• Dewatering of approximately 1,100 cubic
yards of oil and sludge contained in
another onsite lagoon; and
• Transportation and disposal of waste oil
to an approved facility.
sna
-------
Disposal Services, Inc., Region 4
(Continued)
A wastewater treatment system originally used The State is in the process of requesting that
on the site was used to treat the waste oil found potentially responsible parties finance the final
in the lagoons. As the water was separated from removal of wastes remaining on the site.
oil and sludges within the system, a State permit
allowed discharge of the treated water to the
local Publicly Owned Treatment Works. The
removal action was completed in March 1989.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Divex Corporation Sites, Region 4
Columbia, South Carolina
Status:
Actions are underway to mitigate extremely
hazardous conditions under the removal
authority of EPA. The site has been referred to
the Site Assessment program for evaluation for
listing on the NPL.
Results and Benefits:
Nearby residents and businesses were at
significant risk of explosion or exposure to toxic
gases. The owner was killed and a former worker
severely injured in separate explosions at the
same site. EPA helped to provide emergency
control of the situation to prevent further loss
of life. An estimated 11,000 pounds of high
explosives were present at this site, which would
result in a blast radius of 1 /4 mile. Such an
explosion would kill or injure all response
personnel onsite and destroy four nearby
residences. Shock waves would cause damage
to several thousand residences within a 1- to 2-
mile radius.
Background:
The Divex Corporation explosives sites comprise
manufacturing facilities and an associated
laboratory located in Columbia, Richland
County, South Carolina. The manufacturing
facility (Montgomery Road site) is located just
outside the city limits of Columbia. The
laboratory and corporate offices are on Lawand
Drive inside the city limits.
In October 1993, the Richland County
Emergency Management Agency (EMA)
requested that EPA Region 4 Emergency
Response and Removal Branch to assist with
the emergency. This assistance included
providing an On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) to
coordinate operations, contractor support to
mitigate the extremely hazardous explosive
conditions at the sites, and site security to
prevent unauthorized entry or vandalism.
The sites had been unsupervised with no
provisions for proper maintenance after the
death of the owner on September 6, 1993. A
second explosion at the Montgomery Road
facility had seriously injured a former employee
during the week of September 13.
The Lawand Drive laboratory has several rooms
containing hazardous substances, shock-
sensitive and explosive compounds, and other
chemical wastes. Compounds of primary
concern included nitroglycerin, lead azide, lead
styphanate, picric acid, and hydrazine. Over
50 pounds of these chemical explosives and
several hundred containers of other laboratory
wastes were left unsecured in the building.
Evidence of crystallized explosive wastes was all
over the laboratory. The laboratory also
contained several fuses, an explosive shape-
charge, and live small arms ammunition. Other
chemicals included incompatible materials such
as strong acids and bases, oxidizers and
flammable liquids, toxic gases, poisons, and
radioactive substances.
The Montgomery Road facility contained over
40,000 pounds of high explosives, missile parts
with warheads, landmines and antipersonnel
devices, grenade detonator caps, etc. Some were
armed and/or strewn in trailers or in the
magazines. In addition, the facility contained
311
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Diver Corporation Sites, Region 4
(Continued)
hundreds of drums, compressed gas cylinders,
and other chemical containers. A partial list of
chemicals included cyanogen bromide,
diborane, sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid,
sodium metal, lithium metal, potassium metal,
lithium hydride, hydrofluoric acid, potassium
cyanide, and picric acid. Agents of the Bureau
of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)
conducted inventories of the magazines and
trailers for high explosives and military
ordnance. The U.S. Coast Guard provided a
chemical inventory. Many "unknown" materials
that require special handling were present at
the Montgomery Road facility.
Actions:
The OSC directed security provisions to be made
at both the Lawand Drive and Montgomery Road
properties. He also directed that the extent and
severity of hazards present at both sites be
evaluated. A Regional Response Team meeting,
convened on October 22, 1993, resulted in
deployment of ATF personnel and an Army unit
from Fort Jackson to help with removal
operations.
Initial actions included removal of the more
hazardous materials, including nitroglycerin
and explosive devices from the Lawand Drive
site. The removal team subsequently detonated
these materials at the Richland County Landfill.
EPA relocated one nearby resident to a hotel
until alternative housing arrangements could
be made. Temporary evacuations were made
as conditions and operations warranted.
Four additional EPA OSCs were mobilized to
assist in removal activities. Other agencies
involved in inventory, security, and removal
operations included the U.S. Coast Guard
National Strike Team, the ATF, the U.S. Army,
the Army Core of Engineers, the Richland
County EMA, and the Sheriffs and Fire
Departments. Public meetings and press
briefings were held regularly to keep the
community informed of removal activities.
According to an Action Memorandum from the
OSC, "the hazards at this facility could not be
overstated."
The response team conducted 15 separate
detonations of materials from the Lawand Drive
site. By November 22, 1993, all stabilization
measures at the Lawand Drive laboratory were
completed. The remedial team transported
nonexplosive chemicals to the Montgomery Road
facility. Buildings were then secured and locked,
and warning signs were posted.
On November 27, the U.S. Coast Guard National
Strike Team completed the chemical inventory
at the Montgomery Road facility. Approximately
11,000 pounds of ordnance and highly explosive
materials were found suitable for recycling and/
or destruction. On December 2,1993, a private
company removed approximately 29,000
pounds of high explosives for reuse.
312
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Interstate Lead Company (ILCO) Site, Region 4
Leeds, Alabama
Status:
The Interstate Lead Company (ILCO) site is
currently listed on the National Priorities List.
The removal actions have been closely
coordinated with ongoing Remedial Program
actions.
Results and Benefits:
Two main hazards were posed by hazardous
substances at the site. The first was lead-
bearing wastes stored on the site that had
contaminated the soil. The second hazard was
sulfuric acid remaining in impoundments,
holding tanks, and depressions around the
cracking areas. Removal actions have secured
the site from direct contact with contaminants
and have reduced the amount of lead entering
the environment via runoff and wind-borne
dispersion. These removal actions are expected
to contribute significantly to remedial
performance. By almost complete removal of
the source of contamination, anticipated
remediation of both ground water and surface
water will be simplified.
Background:
The Interstate Lead Company site is located on
the southwestern side of Leeds, Jefferson
County, Alabama. The area is mostly industrial,
but a few houses are within a 1/2-mile radius
of the site. ILCO began operating as a secondary
lead smelter in 1968, and operated continuously
except for periodic shutdowns due to economic
conditions. Daily operations carried out in the
"cracking building" normally involved cutting
automotive batteries open and draining the acid.
Many large piles of debris from the de-casing of
spent lead-acid batteries, two large piles of blast
furnace slag, three large piles of crushed rubber
battery chips, a pile containing baghouse dust
and lead drosses, and several piles of scrap
metal are stored onsite, both covered and
uncovered. ILCO's furnace and cracking
buildings were serviced by a baghouse system
that still contains several tons of baghouse dust.
In the cracking building are impoundments of
sulfuric acid, large areas of lead-contaminated
soil, and two entombments containing 60,000
cubic yards of blast slag.
Both the lead-bearing waste and the sulfuric
acid are hazardous substances as defined by
Section 101(14) of CERCLA, and form the
contaminants of concern at the ILCO site. Lead
concentrations in soils and sediments around
the main facility were two orders of magnitude
above action levels for lead (i.e., 500 to 1000
mg/kg). Because the site was unsecured,
exposure through direct contact was a real
possibility. Other potential exposure pathways
included lead-contaminated run-off and wind-
borne particulates. In addition, potential existed
for migration of lead to the city's well field,
located down-gradient of the facility. It was
reported that contamination beneath the plant
site had reached the aquifer that provides water
to the City of Leeds.
Lead contamination has already affected Dry
Creek and one of its small, unnamed tributaries.
These releases could adversely affect aquatic
species living near the site.
-------
Interstate Lead Company (ILCO) Site, Region 4
(Continued)
ILCO has a long histoiy of Superfund and RCRA
activities. In 1984, a removal action was
conducted at one of its remote disposal
locations. All ILCO sites, including the main
facility have been the subject of a completed
remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS)
under the Remedial Program of Superfund.
Actions:
On March 10, 1992, ILCO officials notified EPA
that they planned to cease operations at the
facility. Consequently, they would not continue
to operate the existing wastewater treatment
(WWT) system at the site. The WWT was used
to treat both process effluents and contaminated
runoff. EPA immediately mobilized its
emergency contractor to begin operating the
WWT system in an effort to prevent
contaminated water from migrating offsite.
After initiating the operation of the WWT system,
EPA began to investigate and characterize the
various threats posed by the waste materials
• abandoned onsite. The most immediate threats
identified by EPA were approximately 275,000
gallons of highly contaminated WWT sludge in
settling tanks near a stream. The liquid in these
tanks was within inches of overflowing. In
addition, 5,000 tons of exposed lead slag were
scattered in various piles around the site. In
April 1992, EPA transported the slag to a
hazardous waste landfill and began removing
the wastewater sludge from the settling tank.
The next phase of the removal consisted of
demolition and decontamination of the most
highly contaminated structures on site. EPA
began demolition of the lead-contaminated
battery cracking and furnace buildings and
concluded with the dismantling of these
buildings and their associated contaminated
equipment.
Extensive surface and subsurface soil sampling
identified lead-contaminated areas that
exceeded recommended safe levels. EPA began
excavating, collecting, and stockpiling the most
highly contaminated soils and debris in
February 1993. The stockpiled soils and debris
were covered with a durable weather-resistant
liner to prevent contamination and migration
or runoff of contaminants. Future activities will
include treatment of wastes and slag
entombments, which are expected to be massive
efforts due to the volume of material involved.
314
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Maxey Flats Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Site, Region 4
Hillsboro, Fleming County, Kentucky
Status:
Maxey Flats, which served for 15 years as a
disposal facility for low-level radioactive
materials, is currently faced with extensive
contamination. While completion of all
contemplated remedial actions may require up
to 100 years, the removal action addressed only
a tank farm used to store radioactive trench
leachate.
Results and Benefits:
This removal action addressed the threat of a
catastrophic release of radioactive leachate due
to failure of any of the holding tanks. Such a
release could have resulted in exposures to site
personnel and migration into the environment,
including the air and ground water. The cleanup
should also result in the reduction of
background levels of tritium at the site.
Although the immediate threat of a catastrophic
tank failure has been removed, the resulting
radioactive solids will have to be managed at
the site along with the other radioactive wastes
as part of long-term remedial actions.
Background:
The Maxey Flats Low-Level Nuclear Waste
Disposal site, owned and operated by the
Commonwealth of Kentucky, served as the
primary nuclear waste disposal site for the
eastern United States from 1963 to 1978, when
it was closed to receiving further materials. It
is situated on a flat plateau covered with clay
where the site's 51 waste disposal trenches are
located. Approximately 4.8 million cubic feet of
low level radioactive waste was placed into
shallow subsurface trenches during the period
of operation. The materials included radioactive
debris, trash, contaminated laboratory
equipment, and liquid radioactive waste.
In 1974, a study conducted by the
Commonwealth of Kentucky indicated that
radioactive isotopes, primarily tritium, were
migrating beyond the trench disposal area. To
meet the problem of the radioactive leachate,
an evaporator and a temporary tank farm were
constructed to process and contain pump-down
liquid from the trenches. The tank farm was
constructed from 11 old, reused 20,000-gallon
tanks obtained from various sources.
Approximately 12 years later, in 1986, the
evaporator unit was taken out of operation. In
spite of efforts to reduce the volume of pumped
leachate, the tank farm's capacity was soon
expended. The tank farm was also closed in
1986 and left at capacity.
In 1988 and again in 1989, the State requested
emergency assistance to control leakage onto
the tank farm floor. Corrosion and leaks had
developed and an engineering assessment
indicated that the structural integrity of the
tanks was in question
Actions:
The first EPA Region 4 Emergency Response
Branch action was to provide emergency heating
to prevent the tanks and their fittings from
rupturing during the winter and to provide for
additional berm capacity in the event of an
uncontrollable tank leak.
-------
Maxey Flats Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Site, Region 4
(Continued)
The second phase of removal action was the
solidification of the 240,000 gallons of
radioactive leachate stored in the tanks and the
45,000 gallons of radioactive water that had
accumulated on the floor of the tank farm
building. This resulted in 216 11.5-ton blocks
or "billets.* These were temporarily stored in
two onsite areas between layers of Permalon
polyethylene to prevent leaching. Condensation
of radioactive tritiated water was noted on the
polyethylene. The two temporary storage areas
were lined and bermed to prevent runoff of
contaminated rain water. The tanks originally
installed in 1974 are now empty and inactive.
In subsequent removal activities, completed in
September 1993, new trenches conforming to
current radiation safety standards were
designed and built for the 216 billets. The billets
have been placed in the new trenches and have
been covered with plastic. Final capping has
not yet been done, pending stabilization and
dewatering of the new trenches. The two areas
where the billets were temporarily stored have
been allowed to go fallow, and natural vegetation
is encroaching. EPA has installed a new 25,000-
gallon tank for wash and laboratory water
collection.
316
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
PACT SHEET
Palmetto Wood Preserving, Region 4
DMana (Cayce), South Carolina
Status:
The removal action to eliminate the source of
contamination and to stop the migration of
contaminants from soils to the ground water
has been completed.
Results and Benefits:
A safe water supply was provided to nearby
residents during and after cleanup activities.
Contaminated soil has been treated to stop
further ground-water contamination. Region 4
personnel worked extensively with the City of
Cayce, South Carolina, and its engineer in
designing a water line to provide a safe drinking
water supply. By implementing portions of the
Record of Decision (ROD) under the removal
authority, the time required for completing the
site remediation and subsequent deletion from
the National Priorities List (NPL) was shortened
significantly.
Prior to conducting the removal, all known
responsible parties were given an opportunity
to perform the cleanup, but they declined due
to a lack of financial resources. Responsible
parties identified after the removal was
completed will be asked to reimburse the
government for its removal costs. For cost
recovery to the Superfund Program, cooperative
efforts between EPA and local officials resulted
in convincing the City of Cayce to assume all
design costs and to share in a portion of the
costs for the water line. Region 4 personnel also
provided assistance in drafting a State
Superfund contract to assure that the Program
recovered at least 10 percent of the $1.9 million
final cleanup cost.
Background:
The 5-acre Palmetto Wood Preserving (PWP) site
is bordered to the west by an unpaved road and
to the east by railroad tracks. The facility
operated from 1963 to 1985 and used a variety
of processes to treat wood products. During
this period of operation, the site consisted of
the plant structure and equipment (the pressure
vessel, narrow gauge rail line, solution storage
tanks, drip shed, and storage and office
building). When the company ceased operations
in 1985, all equipment was moved offsite to an
unknown location.
Unabated spills and drippage of process
solutions such as fluoride-chromium-arsenic-
phenol, acid-copper-chromium, and chromate-
copper-arsenate caused significant soil
contamination. Evidence of past releases was
noted primarily in four areas around the facility.
Because of the geology of the site and the region's
plentiful rainfall, a rapid and virtually
unrestricted migration of contaminants from the
soils to the ground water was considered a
threat.
Actions:
In December 1981, the South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental
Control (SCDHEC) received complaints of green
liquids running off the PWP site during heavy
rainfall. The greenish stains, characteristic of
chromate-copper-arsenate wood treatment
operations, were a visible indicator of surface
soil contamination. As a result of these
complaints, in February 1982, the SCDHEC
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Palmetto Wood Preserving, Region 4
(Continued)
collected surface soil samples onsite and water
samples from private wells. None of the water
samples showed evidence of contamination;
however, two of the three soil samples had
chromium levels that exceeded the RCRA
hazardous waste limits. After receiving more
complaints in November 1982, investigations by
the SCDHEC revealed liquid from freshly treated
lumber flowing onto and puddling on an
adjacent property. A Notice of "Violation was
issued'to the company on March 29, 1983, and
several conferences were held between the
SCDHEC and plant personnel to discuss major
plant improvements. No action was taken
because an agreement was never reached on
how to clean up the contaminated soils upon
which a drip pad was to be installed.
In April 1983, during the initial pumping of a
new well at a nearby residence, the water turned
bright yellow and did not clear up after many
hours of pumping. Analysis of the •water
revealed high levels of copper and chromium.
PWP began to supply the residence with drinking
water by running a hose from the plant's own
private well to the residence. In May 1983, the
SCDHEC resampled the affected residential well
in addition to several other local private wells.
The analytical results indicated that chromium
levels in the well initially compromised by site
contamination had increased. The remaining
wells showed no contamination. In September
1983, the site was placed on the NPL. By the
end of the year, the SCDHEC turned over
responsibility for further work on the PWP site
to EPA. The ground water immediately beneath
the site was found to be severely contaminated.
There was evidence of some leakage from the
shallow aquifer into a deeper aquifer. Both
arsenic and chromium concentrations in
shallow ground water onsite were high enough
to render the water unusable. In addition to
the ground-water threat, surface soil
contamination was predicted to travel offsite via
surface runoff and wind erosion.
On July 25,1985, an Action Memorandum was
signed, initiating a removal action to provide,
on an interim basis, an alternate drinking water
source for one of the affected residences. Prior
to implementing any remedial action, the
removal plan allowed for installing a municipal
water line with the potential for other local
residents to hook up, or drilling a new well for
the affected residence.
Actions implementing the ROD were initiated
in September 1988, when a contractor began
excavating contaminated soils for treatment and
solidification. A total of 12,686 cubic yards of
contaminated soil were solidified and
redeposited in the excavated areas. In July
1989, the burial areas were covered with clean
soil, graded, and sown with grass. The
installation of a new water line began in May
1989 and was completed in July 1989. The On-
Scene Coordinator assisted in developing an
Interageney Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation to perform an aquifer pump test
in order to obtain data necessary for designing
a ground-water recovery system. Ground-water
remedial activities involve extraction of
contaminated ground water followed by on-site
318
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Prairie/Starkville Ether Sites, Region 4
Monroe and Oktibbeha Counties, Mississippi
Status:
All emergency removal activities are complete
at these sites. The ether stored at these sites
was detonated successfully, and all debris were
removed.
Results and Benefits:
The threat of fire and explosion has been
removed by the emergency removal actions at
these sites. Similar emergency removal actions
have addressed this type of threat across the
Nation where other dated medical supply
locations have been discovered.
Background:
During the late 1950s and early 1960s, under
the Civil Defense Program, packaged disaster
medical supplies were located across the country
mostly in centralized, public areas. After many
years, significant threat of fire and explosion
existed from ether containers (distributed for
surgical anaesthesia) due to their age and
formation of reactive peroxides. Because these
sites are no longer in operation, and normally
no measures are taken to secure them, the
potential for fire and explosion (in these public
areas) existed.
The Prairie site, located approximately 5 miles
southeast of Aberdeen, Mississippi, is in a rural
area of Prairie that has a population of
approximately 500 persons. In 1945, the U.S.
Army Gulf Ordnance Plant dosed its operation,
and the U.S. Public Health Service set up a
medical supply warehouse there. The
warehouse was closed in the early 1970s.
General Services Division (GSA) then leased the
property to Mississippi State University for
agricultural research. Approximately 31 cases
of clinical grade ether made in 1962 were located
in warehouses at the Prairie site. Each case
contained approximately 96 1/4-pound cans,
totalling 2,976 cans.
The Starkville site is located at the City Hall in
Starkville, Mississippi, a town of approximately
15,000 persons. The basement of City Hall was
the site of an emergency hospital set up under
the Civil Defense Program where 72 1/4-pound
cans of clinical grade ether were stored.
Actions:
During the morning of May 15, 1990, the ether
was taken from the storage locations to the
detonation sites utilizing a bomb trailer. The
moves were made under escort by State and
local officials. By 6:00 p.m., all of the cases of
ether had been detonated in six explosions,
using a total of approximately 100 pounds of
explosive.
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320
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Prentiss Creosote Site, Region 4
Prentiss, Mississippi
Status:
Removal actions have been completed at this
site. A screening Site Inspection conducted by
EPA in 1990 indicated that the residual hazard
is low, and recommended no further remedial
action. Currently, the site is deserted with no
indication of development or activity. The site
was purchased several years ago from the
Jefferson Davis County Tax Assessors' Office;
however, the site is again listed as delinquent
and is scheduled to be auctioned in 1994 by
the Tax Assessors' Office. A notation will be
made on the recorded property deed that the
site was used to manage hazardous waste and
that its future use is restricted.
Results and Benefits:
These removal actions prevented further
contamination of groundwater, surface waters,
food fish, and soil with creosote, a known
carcinogen and irritant. Ecological benefits were
also realized, because fish and other biota are
adversely affected by creosote contamination.
Background:
Prentiss Creosote and Forest Products, Inc., was
a pressure treating plant located 2 miles outside
Prentiss, Mississippi. There has been a treating
plant at the site for over 25 years. The
production process involved debarking of the
timbers and placing them in retort cylinders for
drying and pressure treatment using creosote
as the preservative. Creosote is a mixture of
many compounds, some of which are powerful
carcinogens and irritants. The treatment
process resulted in the generation of
approximately 50,000 gallons of wastewater per
day. The wastewater was discharged directly
into the nearby creek until the early 1970s when
the onsite lagoons were built. The three lagoons
cover approximately 0.8 acres, with total holding
capacity of approximately 1-million gallons.
The Prentiss Creosote site is located in a mixed
industrial/ residential area. About 200 people
live within 1 mile, and the nearest residence is
approximately 300 feet from the site. All nearby
residences are on private water wells. The waste
water lagoons are approximately 50 feet from
an unnamed creek that is used for drinking
water as well as for recreational activities such
as swimming and fishing.
While the company was operating, the lagoon
levels were controlled by plant operators. After
the company went out of business in 1987,
however, no one maintained the lagoons or
monitored the water levels. Residents reported
the spread of contamination as a result of heavy
rains. When site investigators arrived at the
scene, there was only about 1/2 foot of freeboard
in the lagoons, which posed an imminent threat
of overflow. The ground water was also a
significant concern. The Action Memorandum
noted that one onsite monitoring well discharged
almost pure creosote; however, the ground water
offsite was determined to be unaffected.
Actions:
Two removal actions were conducted at this site.
The first, in March 1987, mitigated the
immediate threat to the nearby stream. To
stabilize the situation, creosote-contaminated
water was pumped from the lagoons and treated.
321
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Prentiss Creosote Site, Region 4
(Continued)
The remaining semi-solid sludge was then
removed and solidified by mixing it with kiln
dust. This remedy was a temporary measure
that allowed the On-Scene Coordinator time to
identify and implement a more permanent
disposal option. The solidified material was still
hazardous, however, and there were continued
concerns about exposure due to direct contact
and leaching.
The second removal action, started in August
1989, implemented the chosen disposal method:
onsite incineration. This option was judged
more acceptable than either offsite incineration
or disposal in an approved landfill. A site-
specific bid procedure was used to minimize cost
for incineration.. Responsible parties were
identified, but were unable to assist in financing
the removal action.
The actions were completed in October 1989,
and no further remediation is planned.
322
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Shaver's Farm Drum Disposal, Region 4
Lafayette, Georgia
Status;
The removal action for the Shaver's Farm Drum
Disposal site is complete. The source of
contamination was removed through the
excavation and containment of contaminated
soils, drums, and hazardous material in two
onsite holding cells equipped with leachate
collection systems. Site monitoring and the
ultimate disposition (i.e., incineration,
transportation and disposal, bioremediation, or
other applicable destruction technologies) of
contained materials was to be performed by the
responsible party (RP). Although monitoring
activities such as corrosion control for
containment cells and leachate maintenance
operations have been conducted by the RP, the
requirements for final disposition of materials
remaining onsite is currently being decided in
Federal District Court.
Results and Benefits:
Historical information concerning site
operations and the analyses of environmental
media samples confirmed releases of Dicamba
(under the trade name, Banvel) and benzonitrile,
two potent pesticides banned from use in the
United States. Analysis of ground water
confirmed that Dicamba, a relatively
nonpersistent compound which dissipates from
soil through leaching, had migrated to the
ground water beneath the site. A cooperative
effort between EPA and the RP alleviated a
substantial public threat of direct exposure to
hazardous constituents and/or contaminants
leaching into the ground water.
Background:
In August 1973, Mr. Harold Shaver entered into
an agreement with Sydney and Moses Mathis,
whereby chemical waste would be disposed of
in landfills on Mr. Shaver's Lafayette, Georgia,
farm. The Mathis brothers had contracted with
three private companies to dispose of 80 55-
gallon drums of Banvel wastes per week and 30
55-gaUon drums of benzonitrile waste residue
every 4-6 weeks. The Banvel wastes consisted
of 5 to 8 percent Banvel isomers. The
benzonitrile wastes consisted of cleanout residue
from a benzene distillation unit and were of a
hard, tar-like consistency. During the same
period that the Mathises were disposing of waste
at the farm, another operator was disposing of
latex-based wastes at the site. The latex wastes
contained a water emulsion of synthetic rubbers
or plastics similar to those used in the
production of paints and adhesives.
The State of Georgia's Department of Natural
Resources determined that the contents of the
drums being buried by the Mathis Brothers
presented a significant hazard to the
environment and ordered all activities to cease.
Before discontinuing their operation in mid-
January 1974, the Mathis Brothers had
disposed of an estimated 2,000 drums of waste.
The 120-acre Shaver's Farm site, although
relatively flat, is characterized by a wooded area,
grassy sloping fields, and subterranean karst
structures. The numerous sinkholes and
323
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Shaver's Farm Drum Disposal, Region 4
(Continued)
underground streams associated with karst
formations often provide conduits for
contaminant transport to local aquifers, and
generally facilitate a rapid horizontal and vertical
migration of contaminants to a more extensive
area. An example of this phenomenon occurring
on the Shaver Farm site is the disappearance of
a stream located at the southeast corner of
property into an onsite sinkhole.
Actions:
On March 30, 1988, EPA Region 4 and the RP
entered into an Administrative Order by Consent
to determine whether hazardous substances
were migrating into the ground water or overland
as a result of erosion; to determine whether
drums were buried in the suspected area; and
to define the extent of the drum area. The
analysis of confirmatory samples collected by
EPA Region 4 personnel, and the technical
assistance team showed concentrations of up
to200ppmofDicambainthesoils. Suspected
trench areas were identified in a June 1989
geological survey conducted by EPA Region 4.
To segregate latex materials disposed of by other
private companies from wastes attributable to
themselves, the RP began excavation of these
wastes on November 6,1989.
EPA took responsibility for all remaining site
cleanup activities in February 1990, after the
RP had committed several site safety violations
and possibly caused an emergency situation
where a cloud of hydrogen cyanide at potentially
lethal levels was released from a drum. Although
approximately 600 drums had been excavated
by the RP, they had been left uncharacterized
and staged in a flood plain. The Environmental
Response Team provided onsite analytical
laboratory support to perform drum content and
soil analysis and immediately mobilized a water
treatment system to treat and discharge
approximate 1-million gallons of pesticide-
contaminated water that had accumulated in
the trenches. More than 50,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil were excavated and stabilized
in two lined containment ceEs equipped with a
leachate collection system. In addition,
approximately 3,000 drums were removed,
classified, and segregated.
324
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
So-Green Emergency Response, Region 4
Tifton, Georgia
Status:
Emergency actions in response to the So-Green
warehouse fire were carried out by EPA Region
4 personnel with the cooperation of the local
fire department, police department, and the
Georgia Environmental Protection Division.
Nonemergency activities continue under the
Superfund Removal Program.
Results and Benefits:
This emergency action illustrates EPA's
cooperation with local citizens and officials in
responding effectively to an acute situation.
Effective public relations efforts informed the
community about hazards of the site.
Immediate evacuation prevented harm to 75
nearby residents threatened by further fire or
explosion and by the potential release of toxic
gases. Caustic and acidic runoff from tanks on
the property could have burned anyone coming
into direct contact with the wastes. Runoff of
acid and other materials could have affected
surface waters and endangered aquatic life.
Emergency stabilization of the site from June
16 through 18, 1993, paved the way for
systematic cleanup activities under the Removal
Program.
Background:
So-Green, Inc., is an abandoned fertilizer
blending facility owned by Mr. Herman
Parramore. So-Green is located across the street
from the Parramore Fertilizer site, which has
been characterized as Georgia's worst-known
contamination site. About 75 residents are
immediately adjacent to the site's south side.
Many low income residents reside within 1/4
mile of the northwest side. A drainage ditch
flows into a nearby creek.
Actions:
A fire was discovered in the So-Green warehouse
and shed at 3:05 p.m. on June 15,1993. About
75 people were evacuated from three blocks of
the south Tifton, Georgia, neighborhood by the
Tifton Fire Department. By 8:00 p.m., residents
were permitted to return home with no ill effects
reported. The EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC)
immediately initiated a fund-led Emergency
Removal Action under his $50,000 authority.
Response personnel began assessment and
cleanup on June 16. Also on June 16, a news
conference was held that included the OSC and
other officials.
The principal immediate concerns after the fire
were two leaking tanks found on the site. In
the immediate aftermath of the warehouse fire,
little information was known about the exact
contents of either tank. At the north end of the
site was a crudely constructed wooden tank or
pit with a plastic liner containing a highly acidic
solution. Acid was leaking out and running
through a culvert under some railroad tracks
toward a creek. EPA collected about 400 gallons
of pooled acid from a drainage ditch. Leakage
was also discovered coming from a large storage
tank closer to the warehouse that caught fire.
EPA later found that the second tank held about
8,000 gallons of sodium hydroxide.
-------
So-Green Emergency Response, Region 4
(Continued)
EPA, together with the Georgia Environmental
Protection Division, performed an initial
inventory of the site. They found a variety of
potentially hazardous chemicals including
benzyl cyanide, toluene, sulfuric acid,
phosphoric acid, pesticides, ammonium
perchlorate, and isopropyl ether. Approximately
100 containers in sizes ranging up to 55-gallon
drums were found. Other emergency activities
included building secondary containment
around the warehouse, and sampling
contaminated soils and containers.
On June 18, the OSC prepared an Action
Memorandum that detailed further proposed
response activities exceeding his $50,000
personal authority to carry out the emergency
action.
326
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^^* ^-^^ •<"*'WS#,j>.
SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Southern Crop Services, Region 4
Delray Beach, Florida
Status:
Removal action took place from February 8,
1988, through March 4, 1989. This site is not
listed on the National Priorities List. The site is
located at an airport, but the owner has
indicated he would not be renewing his
aerodrome certificate when it expires.
At present, the site is not in use, but there is
potential for development. Surrounding land
values have been increasing as the area is
transformed from agricultural to residential uses
(primarily as a retirement development).
Results and Benefits:
This removal action alleviated the threat of direct
contact with contaminants to the general public
and removed the source of ground-water and
surface-water contamination. Thus, further
spreading of contaminants by soil or surface-
water migration to nearby or adjacent farmland
was mitigated. The potential dispersal of
contaminants into the surrounding area could
have posed a potential threat through
contamination of crops and produce. The
potential contamination of food could have
resulted in an additional threat to public health
through handling or the consumption of
contaminated goods.
This was also the first site using a firm fixed-
pricing contract for on-site incineration. Fixed
pricing establishes a fixed dollar amount for a
specific volume of materials to be incinerated.
This type of contracting for these services
demonstrates a control on pricing (i.e., there are
no hidden costs because the price is fixed/
stabilized). Approximately 4,700 tons of soil
were incinerated at a fixed price of $300/ton.
Background:
Southern Crop Services, Inc. (SCS) is located in
a rural area on State Road 806, Atlantic Avenue,
about 13 miles west of Delray Beach, Florida.
The site consists of a rural airport and has a
size of approximately 16 acres. The northern
quarter of the property was used as the center
of operations for an aerial applicator service; this
was the area of highest pesticide contamination.
Southern Crop Service had been in operation
since 1969 as a contractor for the aerial
application of agricultural chemicals, which
consisted primarily of pesticides, fungicides, and
herbicides. The contamination was primarily
attributed to the improper disposal and spillage
of chemical rinsates from the mixing,
formulation, and loading of pesticides in the
aircraft staging areas at the end of the runway.
Additional contamination had been attributed
to improper disposal of spent pesticides
containers, and spillage in storage and disposal
areas. The soil contamination has been detected
over an area of approximately 2.5 acres and at
depths of over 60 inches. One onsite monitoring
well and one on-site deep well had detectable
and increasing levels of the pesticide toxaphene.
Samples indicated that the ground-water
contamination was migrating.
Actions:
The excavation and preparation of the soil for
incineration was an EPA-funded action that was
conducted by Region 4's Emergency Response
Cleanup Services (ERCS) contractor. The
removal action included treatment of
approximately 300,000 gallons of lagoon water
by carbon absorption, and incineration of
contaminated soil covering approximately 2.5
327
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Southern Crop Services, Region 4
(Continued)
acres. Soil contamination was detected to depths
of 40 to 60 inches surrounding the waste lagoon.
The volume of contaminated soil was calculated
to be 3,000 to 5,000 cubic yards. After treatment
by onsite incineration, this site was periodically
sampled and backfilled onsite.
328
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Wrigley Charcoal, Region 4
Wrigley, Tennessee
Status:
While still in progress, the Interim Remedial
Action at the 3,000-acre Wrigley Charcoal site
has, thus far, been successful in controlling a
variety of site problems. This Interim Remedial
Action is currently being expanded through a
ROD Amendment to include a variety of
additional cleanup activities that will provide an
additional margin of effectiveness. At the
current time, nearly all of the initial Interim
Remedial Action activities (Phase I) have been
completed at four site areas. Additional activities
(Phase II) are planned to include the cleanup of
a large sludge lagoon that has become
increasingly unstable since the time the Interim
Remedial Action ROD was issued. This large
scope interim action contains many activities
that are considered to be early final actions;
however, overall the interim remedial actions are
not considered to be permanent solutions for
this abandoned industrial facility. To fully
address the threats posed by contaminated site
areas temporarily stabilized through the Interim
Remedial Action, a final remedy employing the
statutory preference for a reduction in
contaminant/waste toxitity, mobility, or volume
will be implemented in subsequent remedial
actions.
Results and Benefits:
The Interim Remedial Action ROD presented
thirteen multiple activity events that were
intended to control or eliminate contaminants
in association with tars, drummed wastes, and
metallic wastes in a burn-pit all located at the
Primary Site. The Interim Remedial Action ROD
also included a variety of confirmatory sampling.
Tar wastes were also known to reside at the
Storage Basin, but cleanup of these wastes was
not included in the Interim Remedial Action
ROD, because at the time of the ROD they were
determined to be stable. Since the time of the
ROD, adverse site conditions now require the
Storage Basin to be remediated. The overaE
objectives of these actions are to prepare the
site for full remediation during subsequent
operable units.
In 1988, large Primary Site tar pits were in
danger of collapse into a nearby creek. In order
to prevent a nearby water district intake on the
creek from being inundated with tar wastes, the
tar pits were temporarily stabilized, sheet piling
reinforcements were installed, a spillway was
constructed to divert flood waters, and the water
utility intake was moved to another branch of
the creek where it would not be impacted from
potential site problems. This Emergency
Response and Removal effort was successful in
eliminating the substantial threats to human
health and the environment by reducing risks
associated with uncontrolled tar pit wastes, tar
pit collapse, and contamination of the North
Fork of Mill Creek and the Duck River Drainage
Basin.
Background:
The Wrigley Charcoal site is located in rural
Hickman County, Tennessee, and is
approximately 45 miles southwest of Nashville.
Known manufacturing operations, which began
in 1881 and ceased in 1966, included:
manufacturing of pig iron products, wood
alcohol, wood oil, wood pallets, charcoal
briquettes, lump charcoal, and liquid smoke.
329
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Wrlgley Charcoal, Region 4
(Continued)
In addition, metals fabricating and machining
were performed at the site from 1978 to 1983.
Byproducts from wood retorting (distillation)
operations included acetic acids, oils, tars, and
methanol. These and a wide variety of volatile
and semi-volatile organic wastes were placed in
onsite tar pits. Volatile and semi-volatile organic
contaminants were produced in quantity as a
result of wood retorting, which produced
charcoal for the blast furnaces, etc. These
wastes, with associated contaminants, are
located in significant quantities throughout
numerous locations at the Primary Site and the
Storage Basin. The Primary Site tar pits are
located immediately above the west bank of the
North Fork of Mill Creek. The bank of the creek
appeared to have been built up to a height of
about 20 feet in order to contain large volumes
of tar-like wastes. Eight residences are located
on a hiJl approximately 100 feet above (adjacent)
the stabilized Primary Site tar pit area. Prior to
water intake relocation in 1989, the Bon-Aqua-
Lyles Water Utility District intake was located
approximately 1.6 miles downstream of the
•Primary Site tar pits. Prior to any site
investigations, the drinking water intake was
estimated to serve approximately 5,500 people.
The site was brought to the attention of the
Division of Water Quality Control PWOC) for
the State of Tennessee in 1981 by a citizen
complaint, which indicated that drums of
hazardous chemicals were being stored on the
banks of the North Fork of Mill Creek and that
chemicals were leaking into the stream. In 1985,
the complaint was submitted to State Superfund
personnel who subsequently began investigating
for contamination in various media. The
investigators discovered visible seepage points
in the berm and several areas where the seepage
had actually contacted the creek. In April 1986,
EPA's Technical Assistance Team took samples
from the water intake, leachate stream, stream
sediment, and the tar pits. Analytical results
indicated that contamination on the Wrigley Site
had not adversely affected the local drinking
water via the intake, but the tar pits were close
to collapse from erosion by the creek.
The results of a field survey, conducted by an
EPA contractor, indicated that the creek had cut
approximately 10 feet into the berm and that
the undercutting would likely continue to the
point of tar pit failure. Additional investigative
work during the remedial investigation/
feasibility study (RI/FS) confirmed that, as long
as the Primary Site tar pits remained intact,
further contamination of the creek was unlikely,
RI/FS sampling and analyses also revealed that
there were no detectable levels of contaminants
downstream from the seepage points.
Actions:
While 1988 Emergency Response and Removal
activities were very successful in temporarily
reducing the threat of Primary Site tar pit failure,
a variety of other site problems required remedial
attention by 1991. The Interim Remedial Action
ROD (also known as OU-1) and forthcoming
ROD Amendment include a variety of cleanup
activities intended to eliminate relatively small-
scale imminent and substantial Site problems,
and prepare the site for large-scale remedial
activities intended to completely eliminate Site
problems. The first phase of Interim Remedial
Action activities is nearly completed, with the
second phase proposed to begin by late 1994.
Phase I has been very successful in eliminating
process tanks and associated tars, remediation
of a metals-waste filled burn-pit, removal of
numerous non-PCB transformers and site
debris (some containing asbestos), and
reconstruction of the spillway that was destroyed
by the flood of 1991. Activities proposed for
Phase II include remediation of the Storage
Basin sludge lagoon and a variety of associated
activities that will eliminate site threats at this
location. Wastes at the Storage Basin are located
330
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Wrigley Charcoal, Region 4
(Continued)
on top of a hill in karst terrain approximately
1/2 mile from the neighborhood of west Wrigley.
Potential waste disposal options include
recycling of tars in a coking facility, utilizing the
tars as a fuel in an industrial furnace, or removal
of the tars in an approved EPA disposal facility.
One of the primary reasons the tars may be
utilized as a fuel is because the wastes closely
resemble wood tars that have been historically
utilized as a fuel due to their high BTU value.
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Page Intentionally Blank
332
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REOION FIVE
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
A&F Materials Reclaiming, Inc., Region 5
Greenup, Illinois
Status:
The A&F Materials Reclaiming facility is an
inactive industrial site. The Potentially
Responsible Parties (PRPs), under EPA
monitoring, completed all cleanup activities
relating to the technical specifications for
contaminated soil in 1985. Under EPA
monitoring, the PRPs designed the technical
specifications for ground-water monitoring.
Ground-water monitoring began to the spiring
of 1990 and will continue to confirm the
reduction of contaminants in the ground water.
Results and Benefits:
The immediate actions of treating contaminated
lagoon water and removing contaminated
materials have significantly reduced the threat
to the public and the environment. Cleanup of
the contaminated soil has further reduced site
contamination levels. Also, ground-water
monitoring activities will ensure that
contaminant levels continue to decline.
Background:
This site is located on almost 4 acres of land on
West Cumberland Street in Greenup, Illinois.
The site is bounded by open farmland/
woodland, the Village of Greenup Wastewater
Treatment Plant, and private residences. In
addition, the City of Newton has occasionally
withdrawn drinking water from the Embarras
River, which is located 1/2 mile from the site.
The site slopes toward the Embarras River, and
drainage from the site reaches the river via ditch
along the railroad tracks.
The site was originally an undeveloped
backwater flood zone for the Embarras River and
was first developed for a saw mill operation. Mr.
Ken Ault purchased the site for A&F Materials
Reclaiming, which operated at the site from
March 1977 until 1980. The plant processed
waste materials including, oil, sludge, and
caustic and sulfuric acid into fuel oil and fire
retardant chemicals. During the course of
operations, there were numerous violations of
the operating permit issued to the plant by the
State. By March 1978, four storage lagoons
became filled and began to overflow,
contaminating the soil and drainage pathways
leading to the river. In addition, 13 steel storage
tanks containing a mixture of waste oils
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and organics, sludges, spent caustics and
acids, contaminated water, and other waste
products were located onsite, and there had
been releases to the environment from the tanks
on several occasions.
Actions:
In March 1980, May 1982, and December 1982,
actions were taken at the site to lower the
immediate potential of releases. These actions
included lowering the level of wastes in the
lagoons, diking, trenching, cleanup, and removal
of onsite and offsite wastes. In addition, a
temporary cap was placed on the consolidated
sludge in March 1983. In September 1984, the
Aluminum Company of America, Northern
Petrochemical, Cam-Or Inc., and Petrolite
Corporation entered into a partial consent
33S
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A&F materials Reclaiming, Inc., Region 5
(Continued)
decree (PCD) whereby the companies agreed to
undertake surface cleanup at the site as an
additional removal and remedial action.
Pursuant to this PCD, a remedial investigation/
feasibility study (RI/FS) was prepared by the
consenting defendants which determined the
amount of soil/sludge to be removed and the
extent and flow direction of ground-water
contamination.
Following the soil removal in 1985, only phenols
and benzoic acid were detected above the
nondetectable limits. A ground-water
monitoring program was established to ensure
that all residual ground-water contamination
remaining after the 1985 cleanup will steadily
decrease to safe levels by natural dilution and
purging to the Embarras River. In addition,
institutional controls will be implemented to
ensure that drinking water wells are not
installed in contaminated ground-water areas
during the period of natural purging and
dilution. Procedures will also be established for
a regular review of the monitoring data until safe
levels are reached. Contaminants of concern
include: sulfate, total dissolved solids,
trichloroethylene (TCE), and metals.
The selected remedial action for the site
included: removal and disposal of all soils
contaminated over the recommended action
levels, including soils containing greater than 1
ppm PCBs; ground-water monitoring; cleaning
and removal of onsite equipment and buildings;
testing and disposal of soil underlying the
building if it is found to be contaminated above
the recommended action levels; grading of the
site; and removal of the fence surrounding the
site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Adrian Well Municipal Well Meld, Region 5
Adrian, Minnesota
Status:
All remediation activities necessary to address
the sources of contamination to the ground
water have been completed. The existing
ground-water contamination that resulted from
contaminant releases from the source areas is
being addressed by the State Underground
Storage Tank (UST) program. (EPA transferred
cleanup responsibility for this site to the UST
Program, because the Superfund program does
not have authority to address the cleanup of
petroleum releases.) No further action will be
taken under the Superfund program at this site.
Results and Benefits:
The installation of two new wells outside of the
area of contamination (AOC) has virtually
eliminated the potential for exposure to
contaminated drinking water for users of the
municipal system. Current site activities are
similar to those conducted prior to the listing of
the site on the National Priorities List (NPL).
Background:
The Adrian Well Municipal Well Field site is in
the City of Adrian, in west-central Nobles
County, in southwestern Minnesota. The 1992
population of Adrian was approximately 1,400
residents. The city relies solely on ground water
for its municipal water supply. The area of
investigation was in the north-central portion
of the city along the southern bank of a channel
occupied by Kanaranzi Creek.
In 1983, the Minnesota Department of Health
(MDH) detected volatile organic compound (VOC)
contamination in two of the six wells at the
Adrian Well Municipal Well Field site. By 1985,
the city had replaced the VOC-contaminated
wells with two new wells. Subsequent ground-
water sampling indicated that petroleum
releases from USTs in the vicinity of the site
were the sources of the soil and ground-water
contamination.
Actions:
Activated carbon filtration was installed and
operated for the contaminated city wells from
July through November 1984. Landowners of
the potential contaminant sources removed
three inactive gasoline USTs by August 1985.
Although ground-water contaminant
concentrations exceeded Federal and State
drinking water and surface water standards, the
September 29, 1989, Record of Decision (ROD)
specified that no further action would be taken
by the Superfund program, and EPA formally
transferred the site to its UST Program in
October 1989 for further action. Between 1986
and 1991, six USTs within the AOC, and areas
of soil contamination that could be removed in
a cost-effective manner, were removed.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
Algoma Municipal Landfill, Region 5
Algoma, Wisconsin
Status:
Remediation construction activities were
completed in December 1993. Ground-water
and gas monitoring will continue to be
conducted, as will restricting the use of
contaminated ground water. Five-year reviews
of the effectiveness of the landfill cap will be
conducted. The site is currently a 15-acre closed
landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy provides institutional
controls that restrict access to the landfill to
ensure that future use of the site does not
increase the release or potential release of
hazardous substances to the environment. A
fence has been installed to protect the public
from direct contact with the site contaminants
and to prevent disturbance of the cover. Ground
water has been protected from future
contamination.
Background:
Algoma Municipal Landfill is a 15-acre tract of
land that was licensed and operated by the City
of Algoma as a municipal landfill from 1969 to
1983. The site consisted of the main unit, known
as the Landfill Disposal Area (LDA), and two
other minor land disposal areas outside the
licensed tract, known as the North Disposal Area
(NDA) (1 acre) and the South Disposal Area (SDA)
(1.5 acres). Most of the waste accepted was
municipal refuse; however, paint wastes,
lacquers, thirmers, and asbestos wastes were
also disposed of at the landfill. The landfill was
closed in 1983 and was covered with day and
topsoil. The landfill has no liner and is underlain
by a sand and gravel aquifer and a deeper
aquifer, both of which provide water for area
wells.
In 1984, EPA detected volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs) and heavy metals to onsite monitoring
wells. Benzene, iron, cadmium, and manganese
concentrations were found at levels that
exceeded the Wisconsin NR 140 ground-water
quality enforcement standards (ESs); chromium
and mercury were found at levels that exceeded
preventive action limits, but not the ESs.
Actions:
In 1990, the potentially responsible parties,
under EPA monitoring, completed an
investigation of the site. The report indicated
that the landfill cap did not meet State safety
standards and that the ground water was
contaminated.
In August 1993 remediation construction began
at the site. Activities included: defining the waste
limits for the site, construction of a 2-foot clay
layer on top of the landfill with a soil cover to
protect the clay from freeze-thaw conditions,
installation of a passive gas venting system,
monitoring weE construction and replacement,
placement of a soil cover over the NDA and SDA,
fabrication of a fence around the disposal areas,
and implementation of deed restrictions on
affected property.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
American Anodco, Inc., Region 5
Ionia, Michigan
Status:
EPA has determined that "No Action" with
ground-water monitoring is necessary to address
the contamination that remains at the American
Anodco site. Previous response actions
eliminated the need to conduct additional
remedial action at the site. Monitoring of the
inorganic contaminants in the ground water will
continue for 2 months.
Results and Benefits:
Only trace amounts of inorganic contamination
remain in the ground water at the site. EPA
has determined that the presence of these
compounds does not pose an unacceptable risk
to human health or the environment, because
all chemicals are below the maximum
contaminant level (MCL).
Background:
Since 1962, aluminum parts for the automotive
industry have been cleaned on the 8-aere
American Anodco, Inc. site. In 1962, under an
agreement with the State, process wastewaters
and spent chemicals from the site were
discharged directly to the onsite seepage lagoon.
The wastestreams contained heavy metals that
leached from metal parts during the anodizing
process. To promote wastewater infiltration,
lagoon sludge and sediments were dredged in
1972 and 1978 and placed near the lagoon. In
1978, American Anodco received approval from
the State to continue discharging wastewater
into the lagoon. According to analyses
conducted by the EPA, the water placed in the
lagoon contained nitric acid and chromium. In
1986, American Anodco began to phase out the
use of the seepage lagoon, and in 1987, it began
discharging process wastewaters to a new public
sewer system.
Approximately 1,100 people reside within a mile
of the area. The glacial drift aquifer underlying
American Anodco supplies public and private
wells within a 3-mile radius; these wells serve
over 10,000 people. Grand River, which is within
3 miles of the site, is used for fishing and
recreation.
Actions:
In 1987, American Anodco dewatered the
lagoon, removed the sludge, and disposed of it
in an offsite landfill. The lagoon then was filled
with clean soil. Excavated soils, clays, and
sludges were placed in an offsite disposal facility.
Followup sampling indicated that, in some
cases, additional excavation was required.
These materials were treated and/or removed
to an offsite disposal facility. Sampling analysis
following this additional excavation confirmed
that remaining site should have achieved all
Michigan Act 307 cleanup standards. As a
result, a "no action* was required at the site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Anderson Development Company, Region 5
Adrian, Michigan
Status:
Remediation activities are complete, and a pre-
final inspection was completed on September
23, 1993. Ground-water monitoring was
completed in January 1994. The site is
currently used for industrial purposes;
specifically, the manufacturer of organic
chemcals.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy attains all Federal and State
requirements and is protective of human health
and the environment by treating all
contaminated lagoon area media found to be
above the cleanup level. The cleanup of
residences has reduced the risks to human
health. Future protection of ground water has
been achieved.
Background:
The Anderson Development Company (ADC)
manufactures specialty organic chemicals in
Adrian, Michigan. The site occupies
approximately 12.5 acres within a 40-acre
industrial park, which is surrounded by
residential areas. ADC began the manufacture
of 4,4-Methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA)
in 1970 to be used as a curing agent for
polyurethanes and epoxy resins. MBOCA is
highly toxic and can be absorbed through the
skin.
Untreated wastewater from the MBOCA
production process was discharged to an onsite
pretreatment lagoon and to surface water until
1973, when it was sent to a local POTW. In
1979, the POTW, as a result of decreased
efficiency caused by MBOCA contamination,
ceased accepting the wastewater from ADC.
Production of MBOCA ceased in 1979 when it
was discovered in onsite soil and sediment.
Actions:
In 1980 and 1981, responsible parties
conducted an extensive cleanup and monitoring
program that involved soil sampling, in-plant
decontamination, street sweeping, and home
carpet vacuuming and shampooing.
Contaminated soils were placed in the Wayne
County Municipal LandfiE.
On January 5, 1992, after the completion of a
remedial investigation and analysis, ADC
conducted the following remedial actions:
excavating contaminated soils, sludge, and clay
with high MBOCA levels; staging of
contaminated soils, sludge, and clay and
processing of these matrices in a low
temperature thermal desorption device; placing
treated soils, sludge, and clay back into the
excavated lagoon, covered with clean, native soil;
and, air monitoring during remedial action.
Ground-water monitoring followed the
completion of remedial action and was finished
in January 1994.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Belvidere Municipal Landfill, Region 5
Libertyville, Illinois
Status:
As a. result of remedial actions, construction of
the ground-water extraction system has been
completed. Deed restrictions are in place to
restrict ground water use as drinking water. The
site, a closed landfill, is owned by the County
Conservation District and is included in the park
system.
Results and Benefits:
Surface remedial goals were achieved. The site
was transferred to the Boone County
Conservation District and will be formally
incorporated into a nearby park system when
ground-water treatment is concluded.
Background:
The Belvidere Municipal Landfill, occupying 19.3
acres of a 139-acre site, is located outside the
City of Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois. The
site is located within the 100-year floodplain of
the Kishwaukee River, which is adjacent to the
site. Within the site are two ponds and a drum
disposal area.
From 1939 to 1973, the City of Belvidere
operated the landfill that received municipal
wastes. In 1970, the City applied for a solid
waste disposal permit. Though the permit was
for landscape waste, demolition debris,
municipal garbage, and partially dewatered
sludge, other materials were accepted. In 1971,
the operator disclosed that over 100 tons per
day of commercial and industrial source waste
were deposited onsite. Approximately 790,000
cubic yards of waste were disposed of at the
landfill. The Illinois EPA denied the City's permit
in 1971, and the site was formally closed in
1973. At closing, it was inadequately covered
with sandy soil excavated from a borrow pit and
soil left over from highway construction south
of the facility. Over the next 7 years, the Illinois
EPA repeatedly cited the landfill for cover
violations. Upon further investigation, the
primary contaminants of concern found to be
affecting the soil and ground water were
organics, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
metals, and lead.
Actions:
In 1986, EPA staged and sampled 110 drums.
Workers crushed and relocated 65 empty drums
to a new holding area for disposal, and
contaminated soils were excavated and loaded
into boxes. EPA chose to solidify liquids with
cement and transport them offsite for disposal.
In 1988, EPA selected to cap the landfill,
incinerate the PCB-contaminated soil, address
the ground-water contamination by pump and
treat with the discharge being routed to the
City's water treatment plant, install a fence, and
impose deed restrictions to control unacceptable
activities and construction onsite.
EPA approved the technical designs for the
cleanup in 1990, and the potentially responsible
parties began site work. A flood protection berm
was constructed to protect the landfill from a
100-year storm event. Construction of a
ground-water barrier extraction system (GBES)
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Belvidere Municipal Landfill, Region 5
(Continued)
was completed in 1991. The deed restrictions
in place prohibit ground-water use for drinking
water. The PCB-contaminated soil was
consolidated on the landfill and capped.
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Su
UND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Boise Cascade/Onan Corp./Medtronics, Region 5
Fridley, Minnesota
Status:
As a'result of remedial actions, sampling of all
contaminated areas has indicated that the
contaminants either have been removed from
the site or confined within a containment vault
built at the site. The site is currently used for
manufacturing and commercial operations.
Results and Benefits:
All ground-water and surface cleanup work at
this site has been completed, and EPA is
continuing to monitor the air and surface water.
The containment vault also will be monitored
to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the
remedies selected for the site. Medtronics agreed
to help pay for the cost of cleanup. Onan
Corporation and Boise Cascade initiated
litigation to determine individual responsibility
and determine an acceptable solution.
Background:
The Boise Cascade/Onan Corp./Medtronics site
is located on 183 acres in Fridley, Minnesota.
Boise Cascade operated a wood treatment facility
using creosote and pentachlorophenol (PCP) to
treat lumber. When Boise Cascade sold the site
to Onan Corporation and Medtronics in 1979,
soils were found to be saturated with creosote
and pentachlorophenol. Ground-water
contamination was a major concern because the
towns of Fridley and Moundsview use municipal
wells located near the site. Approximately 3,000
people live within 1 mile of the site; several
residences are located within 500 feet. The site
was listed on the National Priorities List (NPL)
in 1984.
Actions:
The remedial action chosen included building a
vault to contain and isolate the contamination,
removing contaminated soil, and installing a
subdrain system that would remove
contaminated ground water and discharge it to
the sanitary sewer. A long-term monitoring
program was set up for ground water, surface
water, air quality, and the vault constructed on
the site that contains the contaminated
materials.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Bower's Landfill, Region 5
Pickaway County, Ohio
Status:
Superfund remedial construction activities are
complete. Ground-water monitoring is
continuing to ensure that no further offsite
threats to human health or the environment
occur. Operation and maintenance of the
equipment for long-term treatment of the
contaminated ground water has begun and will
continue under the authority of the remedial
program. This former landfill has been
converted to wetlands.
Results and Benefits:
The source of contamination into the ground-
water supply and the Scioto River has been
identified and capped. Soil and surface water
remediation goals have been met. The site is
currently fenced and is fallow. Quarrying
operations continue adjacent to the site. Pre-
existing activities nearby, such as agriculture,
truck maintenance, and auto salvage, are all
operating. Reuse of the landfill appears unlikely
for the near future; however, the surface has
been stabilized and is being converted into
wetlands.
Background:
A gravel pit operation was begun in 1958 in an
agricultural area between the Scioto River and
Island Road, 1 mile north of Circleville, Ohio, a
town of 12,000 located 25 miles south of
Columbus. This site is within the Scioto River
floodplain and overlies an aquifer that is used
to supply both household and industrial water.
In conjunction with gravel removal, landfilling
occurred. It is believed that local domestic
wastes and chemical wastes from nearby
industries were accepted during the 1960s.
Topsoil from the gravel operation was used to
cover the accumulated refuse.
The 1988 remedial investigation for this site
documented soil and ground-water
contamination by metals and by organics,
including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), and benzene.
Actions:
Cleanup alternatives were presented to the
public in 1989 and field studies for the remedial
design were completed in 1990. The remedial
design was completed in 1991 and implemented
in 1993. The long-term operating phase has
begun to ensure that no further contamination
escapes the site. Access to the site is restricted
with fencing and natural barriers. Ground
water and surface water are being monitored.
Erosion control was begun, and a clay cap was
placed over the site to limit additional
percolation of surface water to ground water.
The area has been grass-covered.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Burrows Sanitation, Region 5
Hartford, Michigan
Status:
Remediation construction activities have been
completed at the Burrows Sanitation landfill.
Soil and ground-water cleanup criteria have
been met. The fenced site is currently a closed
landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy removed the pollutants
from the soil and ground water so that the site
does not contain any contaminants above health
based levels. Human health and environmental
risks resulting from direct contact or ingestion
of soil have been eliminated. Protection of
wetlands has been achieved.
Background:
From 1970 to 1977, the 15-acre Burrows
Sanitation site was used for the disposal of
plating sludges, waste coolants, and oils. The
sludge contained such contaminants as:
chromium, nickel, cyanide, copper, zinc, lead,
and arsenic. The site has an East Wetland and
a Northwest Wetland along its edges. The
wetlands are interconnected and are drained by
a drainage canal known as the Doyle Drain into
the Paw River.
to July 1984, approximately 8,500 cubic yards
of contaminated soil and sludge were removed
by a group of Potentially Responsible Parties
(PRPs), and a fence was constructed to prohibit
access to the site.
EPA conducted a remedial investigation/
feasibility study (RI/FS) from August 1985 to
August 1986. The investigation identified
potential health risk areas, heavy vegetation
stress in the Northwest Wetlands, and ground-
water contamination at three well sites.
Actions:
Remedial actions for the Burrows Sanitation
Landfill Site consisted of two phases. Phase I
involved the excavation and removal of an
additional 320 cubic yards of surficial soil and
sediments from the site's spill area. The
Northwest Wetland was also unblocked and
rechanneled. Phase I was completed to May
1989.
Phase II consisted of ground-water remediation.
Initially, the contaminated ground water was to
be purged and treated onsite, using chemical
precipitation, for 3 years. After further studies
were conducted, EPA decided that offsite
treatment would be more cost effective, and a
smaller, "scaled down* extraction system was
installed in September 1991. Ground-water
extraction was initiated on August 17, 1992.
Ground-water cleanup criteria were met as of
December 1993.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Cemetery Dump Site, Region 5
Rose Township, Michigan
Status:
Remediation construction activities have been
completed at the Cemetery Dump Site. Ground-
water monitoring is complete. A fence around
the perimeter of the site has been installed to
restrict access. No further use restrictions have
been placed on the site. The Cemetery Dump
site is currently vacant and going through the
deletion process.
Results and Benefits:
In 1989, the State, after extensive sampling and
anaysis, determined that the removal of the
source of contamination had corrected the
situation; therefore, no further actions are
planned. Five-year ground-water samples taken
after remediation indicated no impact on ground
water and show that the remedial action is
protective of human health. Excavation of
drums and contaminated soils and installation
of a fence have ensured that the site remains
protective of human health and the
environment.
Background:
The 4-acre Cemetery Dump Site, once used as
a sand and gravel pit, has been backfilled and
cleared. Approximately 300 to 600 barrels
containing unknown industrial wastes were
believed to be illegaly dumped and buried on
site in the late 1960s or early 1970s. In 1981,
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) excavated a test pit and removed 20 to
30 drum fragments from the site. The fragments
were taken to a federally-approved facility.
Analysis of the barrel contents indicated the
presence of paint sudges, solvents, and oils. The
drum fragments and soil on the site contained
volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy
metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead.
Ground water was contaminated with low levels
of zinc and lead. The Cemetery Dump Site was
placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) on
September 8, 1983.
Approximately 4,400 people live within 3 miles
of the site. The closest residence is 300 feet
away. All residences in the area use domestic
wells for drinking water.
Actions:
The remedial action consisted of the waste
excavation and offsite land disposal. Digging
occurred in nine areas. A metal detector
was used to verify that all metal objects had
been removed. Drum fragments and the soil
material closely associated with these fragments
were considered contaminated and placed on a
separate soil storage pad for offsite disposal.
About 250 drums were excavated from the site,
and approximately 10,000 cubic yards of
material were disposed of at this facility. The
last shipment of hazardous soil was shipped on
November 10, 1988. During the course of the
remedial action, the decontaminated water and
rainwater from the storage pads were collected,
analyzed, and stored onsite in two 10,000 gallon
above ground storage tanks. This water was
later taken to a wastewater treatment plant. A
Record of Decision (ROD) for the second operable
unit at the site was signed on September 29,
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Cemetery Dump Site, Region 5
(Continued)
1989, indicating that the selected remedy for
this site was "No Further Action." Periodic
ground-water sampling over a 5-year period is
complete.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Charlevoix Municipal Well Field, Region 5
Charlevoix, Michigan
Status:
Remediation construction activities at the
Charlevoix Municipal Well Field were completed
in 1989. All recommendations given in the
Record of Decision (ROD) of September 30,1985,
have been met. Sampling has verified that two
plumes are assimilated into Lake Michigan at
undetectable levels. Ground-water monitoring
is ongoing.
Results and Benefits;
Remedial actions have eliminated the potential
of exposure to contaminated drinking water. No
further response is appropriate to provide
protection of human health and the
environment.
Background:
The Charlevoix Municipal Well Field site is
located on the shore of Lake Michigan and
consists of a municipal well system made up of
a shallow well connected to a horizontal plume
buried beneath the beach of Lake Michigan,
This well is no longer in use. The plume collected
ground water and channeled it into the well,
where it was pumped to the distribution system.
Approximately half of the water entering the
system came from Lake Michigan and half from
shallow ground water sources. The city's water
system was interconnected with the South
Charlevoix Township water supply, which is
served by two uncontaminated wells. In 1981,
the City of Charlevoix was notified by the
Michigan Department of Public Health that its
water system was contaminated. The city
subsequently installed four monitoring wells
near its municipal well with the assistance of
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR).
EPA became involved with the site in 1982, when
it installled nine ground water monitoring wells
throughout the city. In 1982 and 1983, MDNR
conducted several soil boring studies to locate
the source of contamination and concluded that
part of the contamination may have originated
on a local school property. No discrete source
of contamination was found in the soil. Ground
water was contaminated with various volatile
organic compounds (VOCs).
Charlevoix installed a system to introduce
oxygen into the municipal water supply in 1982;
however, this aeration system has been only
partially effective in removing contaminants
from the water. To date, the sources of
contamination of municipal water system have
not been fully identified despite investigations
conducted by EPA the MDNR. It is likely that
there is no current source of contamination,
but that ground water was contaminated by one
or more spills or by a source that was later
removed.
Actions:
The remedial construction action was completed
in two phases. The first phase consisted of the
construction of a water intake structure. Phase
two addressed the construction of the water
treatment plant. A limited action alternative
was implemented and consisted of allowing the
ground-water plumes to naturally migrate and
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Charlevoir Municipal Well Field, Region 5
(Continued)
disperse into Lake Michigan which requires bi- private domestic drinking water wells within the
annual ground-water monitoring. In addition, city limits. The entire city is served by the
the City of Charlevoix prohibits the use of municipal water supply.
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Su
SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Chem-Dyne Corp., Region 5
Hamilton, Ohio
Status:
Construction of the remedy at Chem-Dyne Corp.
was completed in 1987. Long-term response
action (LTRA) activities, which includes cap
maintenance, ground-water pump and treat,
and ground-water monitoring are ongoing. A
fence around the perimeter of the site has been
installed to restrict access. The site is currently
vacant.
Results and Benefits:
The site no longer poses a threat to human
health or the environment as a result of the
excavation of soils, placement of a cap over the
site, and ongoing operation of a ground-water
pump and treatment system. Also, the State of
Ohio is preventing the use of the contaminated
aquifer.
Background:
The 10-acre Chem-Dyne Corp. site operated as
an industrial chemical waste transfer, disposal,
and storage facility. As early as 1974, chemical
wastes may have been trucked to the site. In
1975, Spray-Dyne made antifreeze from recycled
chemical wastes. The operation was expanded
in 1976, and the Chem-Dyne Corporation was
formed. Wastes that were unsuitable for
recycling were stored in drums and tanks on
the site or shipped to other disposal sites. More
than 30,000 drums of waste and 300,000
gallons of bulk waste materials were on site
when operations shut down in 1980. In the 5
years of operation, a number of environmental
incidents were reported at the site. From 1976
to 1979, at least five fish kills in the Great Miami
River were attributable to the Chem-Dyne
facility; one fish kill stretched for 37 miles. Fires
occured at the site in 1976 and 1979.
A residential area is located approximately 1,000
feet from the site. A storm sewer drains the site
into the Ford Canal, which flows into the Great
Miami River. The Ford Canal is used only for
drainage and hydroelectric power generation.
The Great Miami River is used for recreation.
Drinking water supplies in the area rely on
ground-water as their source.
Ground-water is contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals.
Sediments in the Ford Canal contained low
concentrations of organics. Soil was
contaminated with VOCs, pesticides, other
organic compounds, and heavy metals including
mercury, arsenic, nickel, and beryllium. The
onsite buildings were contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Actions:
The remedial action was completed in one
continuous phase. All site buildings were
demolished, and uncontaminated salvageable
materials were taken offsite. The remaining
debris were stored onsite for placement under
the site cap. A perimeter utility cutoff trench
approximately 4,000 feet in length and 15 feet
deep was excavated around the site, and all
intercepted utilities were sealed. A storm sewer
system for draining the capped site was installed,
along with the ground-water extraction and
injection system.
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Chem-Dyne Corp., Region 5
(Continued)
In January 1988, the multimedia site cap was
completed, and ground-water extraction and
treatment were fully operational. Twenty-five
extraction wells and eight injection wells were
installed. The site cap was installed over 15
acres and required 640,000 square feet of high
density polyethylene liner, followed by the
placement of 118,000 cubic yards of material
for layers of clay, sand, loam, and topsoil. The
ground-water extraction and treatment system
was designed to provide for the injection of a
portion of the treated water to the aquifer to
provide a flushing effect through the most
contaminated areas. The remedial action calls
for the ground-water cleanup to continue
through 1997. If cleanup levels are not obtained,
this cleanup will continue for an extended
period.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Chemical & Minerals Reclamation, Region 5
Cleveland, Ohio
Status:
Cleanup remedial activities were completed in
mid-1982, and the site was deleted from the
National Priorities List (NPL) on December 30,
1982. The site is currently vacant, located in
the floodplain of the Cuyahoga River.
Results and and Benefits:
The removal of contaminated containers, vats,
soil, and the demolition of all buildings onsite
has eliminated the possibility of public exposure
to a wide variety of hazardous materials at this
site. The site is currently owned by a publishing
company. A Consent Decree was signed in 1987
between EPA and all Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) that will recover more than 85
percent of EPA's cleanup costs.
Background:
The Chemical & Minerals Reclamation, Inc.
(CMR) site covers 0.75 acres on the north side
of Cleveland, Ohio, on the floodplain of the
Cuyahoga River. The site is located in a
metropolitan area bounded to the south and
west by the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway, the
old Cuyahoga River bed to the north, and
industrial property to the east. This property
was leased to CMR by the owner in 1979. For
about 1 year, the site housed a chemical
reclamation facility where drums of waste
solvents were mixed in vats and bulked for
shipment. The operations stopped on July 2,
1980, when a fire occurred in the warehouse
onsite.
The fire had been confined to the mixing vat
area of the building, and caused a serious but
temporary air pollution problem. The airborne
contamination was serious enough to call for
temporary closure of the busy Memorial
Shoreway West. After the fire, the City of
Cleveland, concerned that the remaining
sections of the building would fall on the drums
of chemicals stored in the warehouse, had the
1,597 containers ranging from 5 to 55 gallons
removed to a plastic-lined staging area outside.
Additionally, onsite soil was suspected to be
contaminated by possible leaking and
overflowing of the vats and barrels.
Actions:
Through coordinated interagency efforts the
emergency action at this site took less than 8
months. EPA approved funding for emergency
action on November 20, 1981. On November
25,1981, approval was issued to proceed with
sampling drums and cleaning up the spilled
material onsite. Over 2,000 containers of
flammable and nonflammable solvent, paints,
tars, grease, resins, and other miscellaneous
wastes were removed. Liquid and solid materials
from six 3,500-gallon vats were also removed.
The buildings onsite were demolished, and the
contaminated soil was removed to a licensed
landfill. Clean soil was then used to backfill
the excavated areas.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Eau Claire Municipal Well field, Region 5
Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed at the Eau Claire Municipal Well
Field. Extension of the Eau Claire municipal
water supply to previous well users was
completed in 1990. There is ongoing ground-
water treatment.
Results and Benefits:
Human health has been protected by extension
of the municipal water supply to previous well
users and cleaning the ground water by air
stripping. This has resulted in the protection
of human health from exposure to volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) to contaminants and
drinking water.
Background:
The Eau Claire Municipal Well Field site covers
500 acres and consists of 14 wells that all used
as a source of drinking water for the residents
of Eau Claire County. In 1981, the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources (WDNR)
sampled ground water from the Eau Claire
Municipal Well Field as part of an EPA-
sponsored ground-water survey of 20 Wisconsin
cities. WDNR's sampling detected volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), primarily in the
north well field. However, the level of VOCs
deliverd to homes remained below the State
water quality standards. In 1982, the city began
monitoring VOC levels in residential wells near
the municipal field. In 1983, the city found that
VOC levels in one well exceeded the State's water
quality standards and recommended that its
owner use bottled water instead of ground water.
In 1984, five municipal wells in the north field
also were found to be contaminated with VOCs
(tetrachloroethene and trichloroethylene). The
contamination at the site initially was
characterized as two separate plumes.
The municipal well field serves approximately
57,600 residents of the county. Also, an
unknown number of residents in the county
pump their own ground water from privately-
owned wells.
Actions:
The remedial action consisted of two stages:
immediate actions and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. The
remedies included withdrawing water from the
existing municipal wells in the north well field
and removing VOCs from the water using the
existing air stripper, and installing extraction
wells in the north field and discharging water
extracted by those wells in Plume f 2 and
discharging water extracted by those wells
directly to the Chippewa River without
treatment. Other actions included connecting
to the city water system or providing individual
treatment units to those residences within the
contaminated areas; and monitoring ground
water quality during the action to determine
when the ground water has been cleaned up to
meet State and Federal guidelines.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
E.H. Schilling l>"dfni, Region 5
Hanging Rock, Ohio
Status:
This site is currently fenced and inactive,
warning signs are posted, and a barrier prevents
vehicles from entering the premises. As a result
of remedial actions, deed restrictions have been
imposed to prevent excavations and to protect
the integrity of the earthen dam and cap. The
site was listed on the EPA construction complete
list in September 1993.
Results and Benefits:
The Ohio River and ground water have been
protected from contaminated leachate. Signs,
fencing, and the cap prevent accidental exposure
to humans. An existing dam now meets safety
standards. The responsible parties paid for all
costs associated with the cleanup of this site.
All remedial actions were completed in less than
14 months.
Background:
The 3-acre site operated as an industrial waste
landfill from 1969 until 1980. The landffil was
licensed to accept only nonhazardous waste, but
was closed in 1980 as a result of permit
violations. A variety of hazardous and
nonhazardous wastes were landfilled on the site.
The waste is contained behind a pre-existing
earthen dam and beneath a cover of soil. While
the dam was structurally stable, it did not
comply with existing safety standards. The
landfill cap also failed to comply with State and
Federal regulations.
Nickel has been detected in the air, and arsenic
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have
been found in the ground water. Leachate, soil,
and stream sediments are contaminated with
VOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
and heavy metals.
Approximately 1,500 people live within 3 miles
of the site, with the closest residence located
within 1/4 mile of the site. Domestic water is
taken from municipal and private wells. Wayne
National Forest borders the site from the north.
An unnamed stream carries runoff from the site
into Winkler Run and the Ohio River.
Actions:
Leachate was discovered seeping from the face
of the dam in 1979, and the site was placed on
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. After
adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed
preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required. In March
1989, the remedial investigation identified a
number of potentially hazardous chemicals in
the environment at and around the landfill.
These included nickel in the air, and arsenic in
the soil, sediment, ground water, and surface
water. A remediation plan proposed in August
1989 called for the restriction of site use and
access, construction of dam improvements, and
installation of a leachate treatment facility.
Remedial activities began in July 1992 and were
conducted and paid for by the responsible
parties. Since then, a new multi-layer cap has
been installed, and approximately 7 million
gallons of liquid waste and leachate from the
landfill have been removed and treated.
Additionally, berms and a cutoff wall were
constructed around the landfill to prevent
363
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E.H. Schilling Landfill. Region 5
(Continued)
surface and ground water from infiltrating the
waste. Over 750 cubic yards of contaminated
soil and 500 cubic yards of stream sediments
were also consolidated under the cap. A fence
was built to limit access to the site. Long-term
ground-water monitoring is being conducted.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
FMC Corporation, Region 5
Fridley, Minnesota
Status:
As a result of remedial actions, the FMC
Corporation continues to operate a naval
ordnance manufacturing complex on this former
Superfund site. Long-term ground-water
extraction will continue until cleanup goals are
met.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial actions, which included soil
aeration and ground-water extraction, are
protecting the Minneapolis drinking water intake
and potential future well sites in the area.
Background:
The 18-acre site FMC Fridley Plant site is located
in an industrial area north of Minneapolis. From
1945 to 1969, the southern portion of the site
was used for burning and disposal of wastes,
including plating wastes, paint, paint sludges,
oils, bottom ash, and chlorinated and
nonchlorinated solvents. The sludges and
solvents were dumped in an 11-acre unlined
landfill on the site. The land is adjacent to the
Mississippi River, about 1/4 mile from the
drinking water intake for the City of Minneapolis
which serves about 500,000 people. Just prior
to listing on the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1982, the area west of the property was
purchased by Anoka County for development
as park land. The areas on the other sides of
the site are zoned for heavy industry.
Soil and ground water at the site were found to
be contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene
(TCE) and benzene. The contamination
extended from beneath the disposal pits to the
surficial and confined alluvial aquifers, which
discharge to the Mississippi River. Physical
contact with the highly acidic refinery sludges
was a potential health threat. TCE was detected
in high concentrations near the Mississippi River
and probably contributed to the detection of
VOCs in the Minneapolis drinking water supply
intake. The cities of Fridley and Brooklyn Center
were withdrawing drinking water from the
contaminated aquifer. In 1983, the site ranked
first on EPA's NPL.
Actions:
Five ground-water extraction wells were installed
to remove contaminated ground water and to
prevent contaminants from leaving the site,
reducing the migration of TCE, via ground water,
from the site into the Mississippi River.
Currently, extracted ground water is being
discharged to the municipal sewer system.
Ground-water use restrictions were imposed.
Contaminated soil was removed and aerated in
a vault to remove VOCs. A day cap was installed
to contain the contaminated soil
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366
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
General Mills/Henkel Corporation, Region 5
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Status:
Remedial construction activities at the General
Mills/Henkel Corporation site have been
completed. A fence surrounds the site. The
site is currently being used as a multibusiness
technical center and for research laboratories.
Results and Benefits:
The site does not currently pose a direct threat
to human health because the ground water is
not used for consumption and access to the site
is prevented. The potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the General Mills/
Henkel site has been greatly reduced through
the ground-water extraction and the
construction of a fence.
Background:
The General Mills/Henkel Corporation site is
located in an industrial section of Minneapolis.
General Mills operated a technical center and
research laboratories at the site from 1930
through 1977. Food research was conducted
until 1947, when chemical research began.
From 1947 to 1962, solvents were disposed of
in a soil adsorption pit and are believed to be
contained to three buried, perforated 55-gallon
drums, stacked one on top of another, with the
deepest drum 10 to 12 feet below the ground
surface. Approximately 1,000 gallons of solvents
per year were disposed of in this location.
Ground water and soils were contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene, chloroform, toluene, and xylenes.
Approximately 4,900 people live within 1 mile
of the property. Access to the site is restricted.
All residences and businesses in the area are
connected to the municipal water system. This
water is obtained from the Mississippi River
north of the city.
Actions:
The site remediation consisted of three stages:
interim actions and two long-term remedial
phases directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Six ground-water extraction wells were installed
by General Mills to remediate the ground water.
Three of the six extraction wells are used to
extract contaminated ground water from
locations downgradient from the site and within
the glacial drift aquifer with the remaining three
extraction wells placed on the General Mills site.
Ground-water from locations downgradient from
the site and within the glacial drift aquifer with
the remaining three extraction wells placed on
the General Mills site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company, Region 5
Greilickvffle, Michigan
Status:
The remedial actions at the Grand Traverse
Overall Supply Company are complete. No
operation and maintenance activities are
required. A no action Record of Decision (ROD)
was given on February 3, 1992. The site is
currently used for commercial purposes.
Results and Benefits:
The replacement of contaminated wells and
removal of contaminated soils have reduced the
potential for exposure via drinking water to site-
related contaminants.
Background:
The Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company
(GTOS) site is a commercial laundering facility
covering 1 acre in Greilickville. The facility was
built in 1953, and dry-cleaning machines were
installed in 1968 and 1973. The facility no
longer is used for dry cleaning, and the machines
were removed in the early 1980s. A dry well
was used to collect waste until 1955, but seepage
lagoons were constructed in 1955, 1961, and
1968 and collected wastes until 1977, when the
facility began discharging waste to the sanitary
sewer system. In 1978, the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources discovered
that ground water in the area was contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At least
10 wells were found to be contaminated,
including a well used by an elementary school
adjacent to the facility. The school and other
residences used bottled water until new wells
in a deeper confined aquifer were installed. The
contaminated wells were capped when the new
wells were drilled. In the late 1970s, the lagoons
on the site were drained and filled with gravel,
and contaminated soils around the dry well and
barrels of waste sludge were removed. Lagoon
sediments, dry cleaning waste sludges, soil from
the dry well, and wastewater and cooling water
are contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE)
and perchloroethylene.
Approximately 1,200 people live within 3 miles
of the site. The nearest residence is 250 feet
south of the facility. Cedar Lake, Cedar Lake
Outlet, and Grand Traverse Bay are all less than
1/4 mile away from the site. Cedar Lake and
Grand Traverse Bay are used for swimming and
other recreational activities.
Actions:
The initial remedial actions included replacing
contaminated drinking water wells with new
wells that extend into deeper uncontaminated
semi-confined aquifer, and excavating the onsite
dry well and adjacent contaminated soils, with
offsite disposal of excavated materials. In
addition, three of the four lagoons were gravel
filled, covered with asphalt, and converted to a
parking lot The fourth lagoon was backfilled
and ultimately returned to a grassy area.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Gratiot County Golf Course, Region 5
St. Louis, Michigan
Status:
All cleanup remedial actions have been
completed, and the site no longer poses a threat
to public health or the environment. The site
remains in use as a golf course. The site was
deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL) in
September 1983.
Results and Benefits:
The immediate actions performed have removed
the sources of contamination and any potential
threats at the site. Site evaluations determined
that no additional cleanup work was required.
The site continues to be used as a recreational
golf course while cleanup actions at the related
NPL site in the area are ongoing. Cleanup costs
were borne by the Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs).
Background:
The Gratiot County Golf Course site covers 3
acres in St. Louis, Michigan. Prom 1956 until
1970, the Michigan Chemical Corporation, later
purchased by the Velsicol Chemical Corporation,
burned and disposed of approximately 2,000 to
3,000 gallons of industrial waste, including the
pesticide DDT, on the site prior to the
development of the golf course. Waste seeped
from the site into the Pine River, which is used
for recreational activities. Surface water was
found to be contaminated with benzene. About
5,500 people use ground water for drinking
water within 3 miles of the site. Two municipal
water weEs are located within 3 miles of the site.
Both ground water and soil were contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals.
Actions:
Contaminated sediments were removed to the
Velsicol Plant and disposed of in accordance with
the cleanup plan for that site. Additionally,
contaminated ground water underlying the golf
course area is contiguous with contamination
at neighboring sites and was addressed as part
of their cleanup strategy. The affected area of
the golf course was excavated, and several
million gallons of ground water have been
treated. All cleanup actions were completed
before the first final NPL was established.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
PACT SHEET
Hedbltun Industries, Region 5
AuSable Township, Michigan
Status:
The Hedblum Industries site is an active
industrial facility that produces aircraft parts
near Oscoda, Michigan. All remedial actions
have been completed. Ground-water treatment
and monitoring will continue until ground water
is cleaned to levels agreed upon by the State
and EPA.
Results and Benefits:
This site is in productive use. Ground-water
pumping and treatment are ongoing to ensure
that private wells and the nearby surface waters
are not threatened by the contamination. The
responsible parties have contributed to the past
costs associated with the site's cleanup.
Background:
The site property has been used since 1958 by
several businesses involved with the
manufacture of automobile and airplane parts.
From 1974 to 1979, the site was occupied by
Hedbium Industries, an automobile parts
manufacturer. The site, located in an industrial
area, consists of 10 acres of land and a
manufacturing plant building. The Huron
National Forest lies to the west of the site, and
a residential area is located across the Detroit
and Mackinaw Railroad tracks east of the site.
A bayou, containing swampy land and
backwaters of the AuSable River, forms the
border of the residential area.
Contamination problems were first suspected
in 1972 when the State inspected the site and
found that the operating company at that time
was dumping small amounts of
trichloroethylene fTCE), a common solvent, onto
the ground. The State also learned that the
company had dumped approximately 4,000
gallons of TCE on the site property since 1968.
In 1973 through 1976, the State and the party
responsible for the spills sampled the wells in
the area and found that all were contaminated
with TCE. In 1977, the City of Oscoda extended
the municipal water supply to 80 of the 90
residences affected. In 1980, the State and
county discovered an underground storage tank
containing TCE and triehloroethane fTCA). This
tank was immediately removed offsite. In 1982,
the State finished its ground-water study and
concluded that the northern section of the site
was contaminated with TCE, TCA, and
perchloroethylene (PCE).
Actions:
In 1983, the Hedblum Industries site was added
to the National Priorities List (NPL). In 1985,
Hedblum Industries was purchased by an
aircraft parts manufacturer. In 1986, the State
and responsible parties, under EPA's
supervision, began the remedial investigation
and feasibility study. The study found that the
soil was not contaminated. The cleanup plan,
which was approved in September 1989, called
for pumping contaminated ground water and
treating it to remove contamination as well as
determining if the soil in the northern section
of the site was contaminated and affecting the
ground water.
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Hedblum Industries, Region 5
(Continued)
The final design plan included the installation treated, and discharged into the AuSabie River
of three ground-water extraction weEs in the bayou. The treated water will meet Michigan
residential area nearby and one immediately discharge limits before it will be released into
north of the plant building. A water treatment the bayou. The ground-water cleanup is
facility has been constructed onsite. The expected to take 5 years.
contaminated ground water pumped from the
wells is being piped to the treatment facility,
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
IMC Terre Haute East Plant, Region 5
Terre Haute, Indiana
Status:
Construction at the International Minerals &
Chemical Corp. (IMC) Terre Haute East Plant
site was completed in 1980. The IMC has been
deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL).
Inspection monitoring and maintenance
activities be ongoing for the next 25 years, along
with annual reporting of monitoring results to
the States. The site and the warehouse on the
grounds are currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Removal of waste from parts of the site and
containment of the waste made the surface safe
and protected ground water. Ground-water
monitoring is ongoing. Because of the
immediate actions conducted by IMC to make
the land surface safe, a decision was reached
in 1988 that no further cleanup action was
necessary. The site no longer poses a threat to
human health or the environment.
Background:
The IMC Terre Haute East Plant site consists of
6 acres of a 37-acre lot and is located in
southeastern Terre Haute, about 2 miles east
of the Wabash River. It is bordered on the east
and west by various railroad facilities. From
1946 until 1954, the Commercial Solvents
Corporation (CSC) manufactured and stored
benzene hexachloride (BHC), a raw material
used in the production of pesticides, at the
facility. Wastes generated from the production
of BHC were collected on the site property in a
sump and eventually were disposed of at the
Canal Road Dump, located a few miles south of
the property. In 1975, IMC purchased the site.
Beginning in 1979, IMC collected samples of
soils from the East Plant facility and the Canal
Road Dump and analyzed them for the presence
of site-related contaminants. IMC also installed
monitoring wells on and around the East Plant
property to determine if contaminants were
migrating from the site into the ground water.
The results of these studies confirmed the
presence of BHC in soil samples and in samples
collected from two of the ground-water
monitoring wells. EPA became involved in
activities at the site in 1984, when
contamination was detected in some of the
monitoring wells. While residential wells were
found to contain varying amounts of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), none of the samples
taken contained BHC. The Record of Decision
(ROD) requested low action remedy in June
1988.
The population of the City of Terre Haute is
approximately 61,000. The majority of the
residences within the vicinity of the site are
connected to the municipal water supply system;
the others depend on private wells for their
drinking water supply. Approximately 30 nearby
residential wells are located downgradient of the
site.
Actions:
The remedial activities at this site included
excavation of approximately 18,500 cubic yards
of contaminated soil, rubble, piping, and other
debris. The debris were stockpiled in an onsite
mound on the East Plant property. The stockpile
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IMC Terre Haute East Plant, Region 5
(Continued)
was covered with clay, common fill, and loam,
then seeded in 1980 to prevent erosion that
could result in exposure to contaminants. This
cover included a surface drainage collection
system and venting mechanisms that allow gas
to escape from the soil. In 1981, IMC, under
State supervision, installed additional ground-
water monitoring wells uphill and downhill of
the stockpile mound. From 1981 to the present,
these wells have been monitored for the presence
of BHC and other contaminants. The following
maintenance activities will be done over a 30-
year period: inspection of the existing cover;
maintenance of the vegetation cover; monitoring
BHC in the ground water semi-annually for 5
years and annually for the next 25 years; annual
reporting of monitoring results to the State;
restriction of access to the site; and
establishment of a contingency plan that
provides appropriate cleanup measures to be
taken if there is a chance that BHC may be
released into the environment from the site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Johns Manville Corporation, Region 5
Waukegan, Illinois
Status:
By sealing off the asbestos pit and covering the
contaminated soil to reduce the migration of
asbestos fibers into the air and ground water,
the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials has been eliminated. The only
remedial activities remaining are maintenance
of the multilayer cover and continued air,
surface water, and ground-water monitoring. In
1996, EPA will conduct a 5-year review of the
site to confirm that cleanup standards are still
being maintained. Now under new ownership,
the plant continues to produce construction
materials, but asbestos and lead are no longer
used.
Results and Benefits:
The benefits from this Superfund cleanup
response include the elimination of airborne
asbestos fibers and the threat of offsite migration
of volatile organic compounds via ground and
surface water. The site continues to be used for
manufacturing operations.
Background:
This site covers approximately 120 acres and is
bordered by Lake Michigan and Illinois Beach
State Park to the north and east, respectively.
The City of Waukegan borders the site to the
east with a population of 75,000. Approximately
200 residences are within 1 mile of the site.
From 1922 to 1983, waste materials containing
primarily asbestos, the heavy metals lead and
chrome, and the volatile organic compound
(VOC) xylene were deposited in onsite pits.
Manufacturing wastes laden with asbestos and
toxic substances were dumped for more than
70 years in these pits, forming an enormous
landfill. Industrial wastewater pooled into acres
of settling ponds. Waste materials cover a large
portion of the disposal area and form a benn
that is approximately 25 to 30 feet high.
Airborne asbestos endangered approximately
5,000 workers and residents present in the
general area during the day shifts and
threatened ecological areas in the adjacent State
park.
Actions:
At the State's request in 1982, EPA collected air
samples, finding elevated levels of asbestos in
the air and downwind areas. Additional studies
revealed arsenic and asbestos in ground water,
and lead and asbestos in the roadways, sludge,
and waste materials. The site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in December 1982.
In 1984, EPA began comprehensive site studies
to determine the nature and extent of
contamination, to June 1984, EPA and Manville
signed an agreement in which the company
agreed to complete these investigations. The
resulting 1985 report documented more than
3-million tons of asbestos, chromium, xylene,
and other contaminants at the site.
In June 1987, EPA selected a remedy for the
site. The remedy included capping of waste
materials in the landfill with a 24-inch protective
cover of sand, day, and top soil, and the closure
and covering of several of the wastewater settling
ponds. The multilayer covers are being
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Johns Manville Corporation, Region 5
(Continued)
monitored to ensure that no asbestos reaches
the surface. To prevent public access to the
site, a fence and warning signs were posted. A
6-foot layer of limestone *rip rap" was imbedded
in the interior slopes of the ponds that remain
in active use to prevent wind and water erosion.
To further guarantee the success of the cleanup
efforts, EPA will monitor ground and surface
water for 30 years and will continue air
monitoring for 15 years. All cleanup activities
outlined in this remedy were completed in May
1990.
EPA used Superfund enforcement authority to
compel Manville to cooperate in cleaning up the
site. With the assistance of the Department of
Justice, EPA exacted penalties exceeding
$200,000 from Manville for violating terms of
its negotiated settlement. During the course of
the cleanup, additional asbestos-contaminated
areas were discovered. The cleanup plan was
expanded to include two extra wastewater
ponds, a beach area, a roadway, an old marina,
and an off-loading railroad station. These areas
were promptly addressed, and cleanup was
completed in August 1991.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
LaSalle Electric Utilities, Region 5
LaSalle, Illinois
Status:
The remediation at the LaSalle Electric Utilities
site was complete as of December 8, 1993. The
site is currently vacant, with a fence and warning
signs to restrict access.
Results and Benefits:
Securing the site, containing contaminated soil
through capping, excavating and incinerating
the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes, and
completing the offsite soil cleanup have reduced
the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials on the surface. Ground-water cleanup
is complete.
Background:
From the late 1940s to 1978, the 10-acre LaSalle
Electric Utilities (LEU) site was used to
manufacture capacitors containing PCBs.
Operations ceased in 1981, and the site now is
abandoned. The company reportedly used waste
oil to control dust in the parking lot and off site
until 1969. Several hundred drums of PCB
wastes, many of which were leaking, were found
stored in a wooden shed. A tank truck
containing PCB-contaminated wastes was found
near a storm sewer system and surface water
tributary to the Illinois River. An above ground
storage tank discovered on site contained 940
gallons of trichloroethyiene (TCE). Additionally,
PCB-contaminated soil was stockpiled on site.
PCBs have been found on the shoulder of the
road that passes in front of a school and a
recreational park.
Approximately 190 people reside within 1/8 mile
of the site; 3,400 people live within a mile of the
site, and approximately 21,000 people live within
3 miles of the site.
Actions:
Remedial actions consisted of two phases. Phase
one of the remediation included excavation of
contaminated residential offsite soils;
incineration of contaminated soils with a mobile,
onsite, thermal destruction unit; and industrial
cleaning of all structures where excavation
occurred. During Phase I, 23,258.46 cubic
yards of PCB contaminated soil and debris were
treated to a concentration of less than 2 ppm of
PCBs. The second phase included excavating
onsite soil, high pressure flushing and
mechanically cleaning contaminated sewer
lines, excavating contaminated sediments from
the unnamed creek downstream of the storm
sewer discharge, incinerating the contaminated
soil and sediment, demolishing and disposing
of the contaminated buildings, and constructing
a ground-water collection and treatment system.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Laskin /Poplar Oil Company, Region 5
Jefferson, Ohio
Status:
All remediation construction activities were
completed as of September 15, 1993. Ground-
water levels and surface water monitoring have
been initiated. Five-year reviews will be
conducted to ensure the site conditions remain
protective of human health and the
environment. The site is currently a closed,
disposal vault, and a security fence limits site
access.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy eliminates current and
future risks to human health and the
environment. The surface has been made safe
from exposure to contaminants. Future surface
water and ground-water contamination have
been prevented. A fence around the site will
protect the public from direct contact with
contaminants and prevent disturbance of the
multi-layer cap.
Background:
The 9-acre Laskin/Poplar Oil Co. site is a
greenhouse and waste oil recovery operation that
opened during the late 1890s. By the 1950s,
the operation had installed oil-fired boilers to
heat the greenhouses. In the 1960s, storage
tanks and pits were installed to store waste oil.
In all, the site contained 2 drained ponds, a
boiler house, 4 oil storage pits, an underground
oil storage tank, 32 above ground oil storage
tanks, a retention pond, a freshwater pond, a
greenhouse complex, and other miscellaneous
buildings and sheds. In 1977, EPA discovered
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCS) contamination
in the waste oil at the site. In 1981, an EPA
investigation detected PCBs in the ground water
and soils.
Actions:
In 1981 and 1982, EPA performed the following
emergency actions: 2 drainage ponds were
drained and regraded; surface water runoff was
diverted to prevent flooding; 302,000 gallons of
waste oil were removed and sent to an offsite
incinerator; 430,000 gallons of contaminated
surface water were treated and discharged
offsite; and 205,000 gallons of sludge were
solidified onsite.
Remediation activities at the site included: (1)
constructing a fence around the entire site; (2)
draining the freshwater pond and discharging
it to a nearby creek; (3) removing asbestos from
the boiler house; (4) demolishing and disposing/
incinerating/ decontaminating the greenhouses,
sheds, the boiler house stack, the boiler house
structural components, and all the equipment
contained within; (5) constructing support
facilities; (6) disposing of piping associated with
the tanks and pits to an onsite location under
the final remedy cap; (7) treating all wastewaters,
contaminated surface water runoff,
decontamination water, and incinerator
scrubber water; (8) disposing onsite of
incinerator ash meeting delisting and land ban
criteria; (9) dismantling, decontaminating, and
offsite recycling of all steel tanks; (10)
constructing a ground-water diversion trench;
(11) grading the site in preparation for the final
remedy cap; and (12) constructing the final
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Laskin/Poplar Oil Company, Region 5
(Continued)
remedy cap. Potentially dioxin-contaminated
waste, various oils and sludges, and the concrete
and structural components from the pits were
also incinerated onsite.
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Su
UND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
LeHillier/Mankato Site, Region 5
Mankato, Minnesota
Status:
The remedial construction activities were
completed in June 1989. Ground-water
monitoring is ongoing at the LeHillier/Mankato
site.
Results and Benefits:
The immediate action of providing LeHillier
residents with an alternate water supply has
significantly reduced the threat of exposure from
contaminated drinking water. The pumping of
contaminated ground water and treating it by
using an air stripping technique also protected
populations,
Background:
The LeHillier/Mankato Site, located just west
of Mankato, covers 6,400 acres. Between 1925
and 1950, numerous natural and manmade
depressions, resulting from changes in the
channels of the Minnesota and Blue Earth Rivers
and from sand and gravel excavations, were
filled with miscellaneous rubbish. In 1981, the
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency received
anonymous information alleging that hazardous
wastes had been disposed of in several areas.
Studies confirmed contamination of the shallow
sand and gravel aquifer, the primary source of
drinking water for the LeHillier and Mankato
area. Ground water was contaminated with
trichlorethylene (TCE) and other volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Soil contained petroleum
products and VOCs.
Approximately 500 people reside in LeHillier.
Mankato's primary water supply well is located
approximaely 1/4 mile north of the
contaminated area. About 29,000 people are
served by Mankato's municipal water supply.
The Minnesota and the Blue Earth Rivers are
used for recreational activities.
Actions:
The remedial actions included immediate
actions and a single long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site. EPA and
the State supplied LeHillier residents with
bottled water for drinking and cooking in 1984
and 1985. A new, deeper LeHillier community
well and a distribution system were constructed
through a U.S. Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) grant and have been operational since
late 1985. Based on the results of an
investigation completed in 1985, the EPA
selected a remedy to cleanup the site by
pumping the contaminated ground water and
treating it by using an air stripping technique
that removes contaminants by exposure to air.
The system consists of a primary plume
extraction well which discharges to a packed
tower air-stripper, a blocking well, and five
pump-out wells. The five pump-out wells were
designed to control the westward migration of
clean river recharge water which would dilute
water from the primary plume extraction well.
These wells discharge into the COE interceptor,
which discharges into the Blue Earth River. The
extraction well extracts the most contaminated
ground water which is treated by air stripping
and discharge to the COE interceptor. The
blocking well discharges directly to the Blue
Earth River. The RA also included the
abandonment of 33 private wells. In addition,
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LeHillier/Mankato Site, Region 5
(Continued)
three cisterns were found and were
subsequently cleaned and filled. The pump and
treat system will be continued until 1999,
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Mason County
Lundington, Michigan
Region 5
Status:
The Mason County Landfill is a "No Action with
Monitoring." A 5-year review will be performed
at this site due to the previous Record of
Decision (ROD) that required upgrading the clay
cap for the landfill. The site is not in use.
Results and Benefits:
Due to the removal and construction activities,
the Mason County Landfill has eliminated the
potential for exposure to contaminants.
Background:
The Mason County Landfill site comprises 10
acres of an 18-acre parcel of land and is located
3 miles south of the town of Lundington in Pere
Marquette Township. The landfill was operated
by Acme Disposal for Mason County from 1972
through 1978 and accepted general refuse,
garbage, industrial refuse, liquids, sludges, and
industrial wastes. Acme Disposal was ordered
to install additional ground-water wells on the
site in 1978. Mason County covered the landfill
with 2 feet of clay in 1979. Afterward, the site
and adjacent land eroded and may have polluted
ground water and nearby Iris Creek. Two years
after the landfill ceased to operate, nearby
residents voiced concerns over water quality in
Iris Creek. As a result, a plan was drafted by
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) and the Mason County Department of
Public Works (DPW) to control drainage, vent
landfill gas, and monitor ground-water quality.
The landfill is a mile east of Lake Michigan. A
wetland located less than 500 feet from the
landfill drains into Babbin Pond, the headwaters
of Iris Creek.
The area surrounding the site is primarily rural,
with a population of approximately 1,100 people
within a 1/2-mile radius of the site who obtain
drinking water from private wells. Twelve
residential wells are located within 3 miles of
the site.
Actions:
In 1983 and 1984, Mason County covered the
landfill with clay, graded the land so that it was
terraced, and added vents on the top of the
landfill.
Long-term cleanup actions included covering the
landfill with soil and clay according to Federal
hazardous waste management regulations;
constructing a fence around the perimeter of
the site; placing deed restrictions on and near
the site to prohibit the use of shallow ground
water; and continuing ground-water monitoring
to aid in the long-term cleanup action for the
ground water and to monitor the effectiveness
of the clay and soil cover. Construction of the
clay/soil cap has been finished.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Metal Working Shop, Region 5
Lake Ann, Michigan
Status:
The Metal Working Shop site has had no
remedial actions. The site is still currently being
used for manufacturing operations.
Results and Benefits:
The presence of inorganic constituents detected
at the Metal Working Shop site does not pose
an unacceptable risk to human health or the
environment. EPA has selected a "No Action"
remedy.
Background:
The Metal Working Shop site covers
approximately 21/2 acres on a hill between
Lake View and Lake Ann. From 1974 to 1977,
the owner of the property finished metals in the
shop using iron phosphate. Two types of rinse
waters were generated in an oxidizing phase of
the operation: an acidic rinse (dilute
hydrochloric acid), containing iron phosphate,
and a caustic rinse (sodium hydroxide). From
1975 to 1977, effluents from these rinses were
mixed to neutralize them and then dumped onto
the ground. According to the owner, 400 gallons
per day were disposed of for 8 to 10 days a
month. In 1983, Lake Ann Manufacturing took
over the site. Sampling by the State detected
heavy metal salts in the rinses. The ground
water and soils are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene
and with the heavy metal chromium. Ground
water in the area occurs at shallow depths, and
wells draw from the very permeable sand and
gravel drift aquifer. The area residents depend
on private wells for drinking water. After adding
the Metal Working Shop site to the NPL,
preliminary evaluations were performed, and it
was determined that the site does not pose an
immediate treat to the surrounding
communities or the environment while
investigations leading to the selection of final
cleanup remedies are taking place.
Approximately 1,000 people reside within 3
miles of the site, and the nearest residence is
600 feet away. Many other lakes are within 3
miles of the site.
Actions:
None.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Morris Arsenic Dump, Region 5
Minnesota
Status:
The Morris Arsenic Dump was delisted on March
7, 1986.
Results and Benefits;
The site poses no imminent health hazards to
the public due to the direction of ground-water
movement from the site and the minimal
population concentration within the site area.
In addition, levels of arsenic found in the soils
at the site are within the range of natural levels.
Background:
The Morris Arsenic Dump site is located
approximately 1 mile northeast of the town of
Morris, In the early 1940s, approximately 1,500
pounds of arsenic-laced grasshopper bait were
reportedly buried in a gravel pit near the
intersection of Highways 28 and 59. The
subsequent construction of the Highway 59
bypass through the general location of the burial
site made the discovery of the exact location of
the materials difficult. It has been presumed
that the arsenic was mechanically dispersed
during highway construction, because topsoil
cleared from the site for roadbed preparation
was later spread along the side slopes.
Actions:
No action was taken because the investigation
in 1985 determined that the site poses no
imminent health hazards to the public.
Therefore, no cleanup actions were deemed
necessary.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
New Lyme Landfill, Region 5
New Lyme, Ohio
Status:
Remedial construction was completed in late
1990 when the wastewater treatment plant went
on-line and began treating ground water
pumped from the site. Operation and
maintenance of the treatment plant is expected
to last for 30 years. The former landfill has been
converted to wetlands and a recreational area.
Results and Benefits:
The excavation of soil from the adjacent New
Lyme Wildlife Area used to cap the site created
a lake that is being used for wildlife and
recreational purposes, including hunting,
fishing, boating, and picnicking. The completed
cleanup activities have protected area surface
waters, wetland habitats, and biota while the
water treatment plant addresses the
contaminated ground water and leachate onsite.
Background:
Unlicensed landfill operations began at the 40-
acre site in 1969 and were initially managed by
two farmers. In 1971, the landfill was licensed
by the State of Ohio, and operations were taken
over by a licensed landfill operator. The site
received various wastes and construction and
demolition debris. Numerous violations of the
license occurred, including open burning,
improper spreading and compacting of wastes,
and excavation of trenches into the shale
bedrock. In 1978, the landfill was closed by the
County Health Department. Wastes at the site
included asbestos, coal tar resins, paint sludge,
oils, corrosive liquids, acetone, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), chlorinated solvents, and
laboratory chemicals. Leachate containing
organics had discharged from two sides of the
fill area and threatened nearby surface waters.
There was also concern that the ground water
might become contaminated by the leachate.
Ten families live within 1/4 mile of this site.
Three households are presently using ground
water as their drinking water source. Lebanon
Creek and a wetland known as the New Lyme
Wildlife Area are nearby.
Actions:
During the summer of 1982, the State and EPA
conducted a site investigation and noted
leachate seeps. EPA conducted a preliminary
assessment in January 1983, and listed the site
on the National Priorities List (NPL) in September
1983. A Superfund-financed remedial
investigation and feasibility study was
conducted from 1983 to 1985, resulting in a
September 1987 Record of Decision (ROD). The
selected cleanup alternative included capping
the landfill with soil excavated from the adjacent
wildlife area, and extracting and treating
contaminated ground water in a treatment plant
built on the site. Other remedial activities
included installing gas vents and a ground-water
monitoring system, and fencing the site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Northern Engraving Company, Region 5
Sparta, Wisconsin
Status:
Construction of the remedy is complete at the
Northern Engraving Company site. Ground-
water monitoring will continue to ensure the
long-term effectiveness of the remedies. The site
is currently being used for the production of
metal parts.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial activities at the Northern
Engraving Company site have addressed surface
wastes and contaminated material and have
halted further ground-water impacts. These
actions, along with the land and deed
restrictions, have reduced potential for exposure
to onsite contaminants. The Northern
Engraving Company site no longer poses a threat
to human health or the environment.
Background:
The Northern Engraving Company (NEC) owns
and operates a manufacturing facility at this
site. The company produces metal nameplates,
dials, and decorative trim for the auto industry.
Four separate areas of contamination at the NEC
facility have been identified, including the sludge
lagoon, seepage pit, sludge dump site, and
lagoon drainage ditch. The contaminants found
in these areas are from past wastewater
treatment and disposal practices used at the
site.
Since the 1960s, wastewaters and by-products
of the metal finishing process have been treated
on site. An onsite wastewater treatment lagoon
was installed in 1967. Rinse water from the
plant was collected and treated with sodium
hydroxide for precipitaion to metal hydroxide
solids. The treated rinse water was discharged
to the sludge lagoon to allow solids to settle.
The treated lagoon effluent was discharged to
the LaCrosse River by way of a storm drainage
ditch. The onsite drainage ditch was
contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) from
metal finishing wastes. Ground water and
sludge were contaminated with heavy metals
including copper, chromium, iron, zinc, nickel,
and fluoride. Between 1968 and 1976, the
sludge lagoon accumulated solids from the
treated wastewater. On two occasions, sludge
was removed from the lagoon and landfilled in
an onsite dump area. The sludge lagoon
eventually was removed from service in 1980,
and an onsite seepage pit was used to neutralize
spent acid waste. The pit was removed from
service, filled with clean material, and graded
in 1981. The Northern Engraving Company Site
was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL)
on September, 1983. A new aboveground
wastewater treatment system was installed in
1976 and modified in 1984. The nearby
LaCrosse River is used for recreational activities.
Actions:
The remedial actions included excavation and
solidification of approximately 4,400 cubic yards
of sludge and soil from the sludge lagoon,
drainage ditch, and sludge dump site, and
installion of a cover over the lagoon to prevent
further site contamination. Also, land
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Northern Engraving Company, Region 5
(Continued)
development restrictions have been imposed
including access and deed restrictions on the
seepage pit property. The ground-water
monitoring and surface water protection are
managed through use of alternate concentration
limits (ACLs) as ground-water performance
standards.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Novaco Industries, Region 5
Temperance, Michigan
Status:
No remedial activities were performed on the
Novaco Industries site. Ground-water
monitoring on the site is ongoing. The site is
currently being used for manufacturing
operations.
Results and Benefits:
The site is protective of human health and the
environment across all pathways of exposure.
The Record of Decision (ROD) was a No Action
Remediation.
Background:
The 2 1/2-acre Novaco Industries site was an
active tool and die manufacturing and repair
facility that used chromic acid to plate auto part
molds. In 1979, a tank at the site leaked an
unknown quantity of acid into the ground. Soon
thereafter, chromium was discovered in the site's
well and in the well used by the Veterans of
Foreign Wars (VFW) Post 9656. A year later,
chromium was detected in a residential welL
Novaco began cleanup actions a month after the
spill was detected. In 1988, the Army Corps of
Engineers conducted a pump test and collected
ground-water samples as part of the design
phase. Analysis of these samples indicated that
inorganic constituents exist at the site in
concentrations comparative to background
levels and do not pose an unacceptable risk to
human health or the environment. EPA
cancelled the start of work on the original
remedy but continues to monitor the ground-
water.
The site consists of Novaco Industries, the VFW
post, and the Moyer residential property.
Approximately 85 residences or businesses lie
within 1/2 mile of the site.
Actions:
The only activity on the site is 5 years of ground-
water monitoring.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Nutting Truck & Caster Company, Region 5
Pairbault, Minnesota
Status:
Remedial construction activities at Nutting
Truck & Caster Company have been completed.
Ground-water pumping and treatment are
ongoing. The site is presently used for office
and warehouse purposes.
Results and Benefits:
The treatment and monitoring systems installed
at Nutting Truck and Caster reduce the potential
for human exposure to contaminants in the
ground water.
Background:
The 11-acre Nutting Truck and Caster Company
site was used for the production of various
manufacturing tools beginning in 1981. Sludge
from various manufacturing wastes were
disposed of in an unlined pit from 1959 to 1979,
when the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
(MPCA) issued a notice of noncompliance to the
company. In response to this notice, Nutting
excavated the pit, backfilled it with clean fill,
and paved over the area. MPCA required that
the company investigate the soil and ground
water in the area. Monitoring wells were
installed, and trichloroethylene (TCE)
contamination was discovered in onsite
monitoring wells that were screened in the upper
aquifer. The ground water was contaminated
with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Cadmium was also detected in the ground water
directly under the disposal pit. In 1984, the
manufacturing operations were moved to
another location. The property presently is
unused.
The population of the City of Fairbault is
approximately 16,500. The city is served by a
municipal water system.
Actions:
The remedial actions consisted of establishing
a shallow ground-water pumpout system to
remove contaminants from ground water
beneath the Nutting site, and a long-term
monitoring well network was designed to
evaluate the effectiveness of the pumpout
system.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill, Region 5
Oak Grove Township, Minnesota
Status:
Remediation construction activities have been
completed at the Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill.
A fence has been installed around the perimeter
of the landfill. Ongoing activities are borrow
area and rip rap restoration, seeding, road
construction, fence maintenance, repair of
erosion areas, completion of monitoring wells,
and removal of all equipment, debris, and
construction materials from site. The site is
currently a closed landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The final cover system for the landfill will prevent
or minimize ground-water contamination and
risks associated with exposure to the
contaminated materials. The deeper aquifer,
which does not pose a risk to human health,
will continue to be used as the regional potable
water supply. The fence that was installed
around the perimeter of the landfill will protect
against any possible human exposure.
Background:
The 104-acre Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill site
was operated as an open dump until 1971, when
the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
issued a permit to the owner for a sanitary
landfill. In 1976, operations were taken over by
Northwest Disposal Inc., until closure in 1984.
Approximately 2.5 million cubic yards of wastes
including garbage, various sludges and acids,
pesticide manufacturing waste, paint, cutting
oils, cleaning solvents, and inks were disposed
of at the landfill. The Minnesota Department of
Health sampled nine nearby residential wells
in 1984. Samples from three of the nine wells
indicated the presence of several volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and metals. Subsequent
resampling did not detect these compounds. In
1985, lime sludge was used as a cover for part
of the landfill.
Approximately 330 people live within a mile of
the site, and 9,800 live within 4 miles. The
majority of these residents depend on water from
wells. A creek flows through the site and is
adjacent to a wetland, discharging to the Rum
River, 2 miles from the site.
Actions:
Remedial actions for the Oak Grove Sanitary
Landfill included the installation of a fence
around the perimeter of the landfill and the
installation, operation, and maintenance of a
ground-water, surface water, and sediment
monitoring program. Other actions included
installation of a multilayer cover and
installation, operation, and maintenance of an
ambient air monitoring program around the
perimeter of the landfill.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Old Mill, Region 5
Rock Creek, Ohio
Status:
The construction activities at the Old Mill site
have been completed. The ground-water
extraction and treatment system will be operated
for 10 years. The site is currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the removal, cleanup, backfilling,
and seeding performed at the site, the Old Mill
no longer poses a threat to human health and
the environment. Potential risks to human
health from exposure to contaminants in ground
water that is used as a source of drinking water
have been reduced.
Background:
The Old Mill site consists of two parcels of land,
the 3-acre Henfield Property and the 10-acre
Kraus property. The Henfield Property included
four dilapidated wood buildings and four
concrete silos, which were removed as part of
the site cleanup. This property became
contaminated when drummed waste and potting
soil additives were improperly stored. The Kraus
Property is partially covered with piles of railroad
ballast and had one empty abandoned bulk
liquid tank. Wastes from the Henfield property
were stored on the Kraus property with the
owner's permission. In 1979, EPA and Ohio EPA
found approximately 1,200 drums of toxic waste,
including solvents, oils, resins, and
polychlorinated biphenyis (PCBs), stored on both
properties. The drums leaked, causing
contamination of soil and ground water. Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) were contaminating
the ground water underneath the Henfield
property and the Kraus Property. VOCs and
heavy metals including lead were found to be
contaminating the soils near the silos on the
Henfield Property and in the drum storage area
of the Kraus property. The Old Mill site was
put on the National Priorities List (NPL) on
September 8, 1983.
Approximately 100 homes are within a 1/4-mile
radius of the site. An estimated 1,400 people
are living within 3 miles of the site.
Actions:
Initally, removal activities took place at the Old
Mill site. Drum removal began in November
1981 and was completed by October 1982.
During the second removal activity,
approximately 2 inches (80 cubic yards) of soil
from the drum storage areas on the Henfield
property were removed. Finally, a 6-foot chain-
link fence was installed around a portion of the
Henfield property to minimize the potential for
direct contact with the remaining soil
contaminants. When the contaminated soil was
removed, the fence was removed.
The treatment for the site included removal and
offsite disposal of 12,100 cubic yards of
contaminated soil; ground-water extraction and
treatment; and aquifer use restrictions. Also
residences affected by the contaminated ground
water were connected to the public water supply.
Onsite excavation of contaminated soil included
excavating to the clay layer plus 3 additional
4O1
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Old Mill, Region 5
(Continued)
inches on portions of the site. Following the remedial activities, five dilapidated wooden
removal of contaminated soil and debris, the site buildings and four concrete silos located on the
was backfilled with uncontaminated select Henfield property were demolished, and the
borrow, regraded to ensure proper drainage, and debris shipped offsite.
seeded to prevent soil erosion. During the
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COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Petersen Sand & Gravel, Region 5
Lake County, Illinois
Status:
The Lake County Forest Preserve District
(LCFPD) has revised a Master Plan for the use
of this site as a recreational lake. At present,
mining operations are occurring but will end
within a year, and plans for turning the area
into a recreational lake are underway. As a
result of remedial actions, no institutional
controls exist for this site, and the site has been
deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL).
Results and Benefits:
Buried 55-gallon drums of paint and solvent
waste once caused the Petersen Sand & Gravel
(PSG) site to be listed on the NPL. Now, through
the careful coordination of the LCFPD, State
environmental protection departments, and a
local mining operation, this 160-acre former
mining pit will be the site of a recreational lake
with boating, trails, and an environmental
discovery center. Early in 1992, the LCFPD
began reworking a previously drawn-up Master
Plan for the reuse of the PSG site. An Advisory
Board, made up of both public and private sector
business professionals, has been meeting to
discuss the logistics and studies needed to
successfully establish this lake.
Background:
PSG is a 20-acre mining site and a former
disposal area located north of Libertyville,
Illinois. The site is part of a tract of land owned
since 1979 by the LCFPD. PSG is bordered by
the Des Plaines River to the west, forest preserve
land and residences to the east, and agricultural
land and small business to the north and south.
The site consisted of three disposal areas
including a 3- to 4-acre landfilled area reportedly
containing construction debris, trees, tires; an
area that contained 400 to 500 55-gallon drums
of paint and solvent wastes; and an area that
contained approximately 500 drums of solvents
and 1,000 paint cans. The entire site is
approximately 20 feet below the elevation of the
Des Plaines River due to mining operations that
are still continuing.
Raymond Petersen purchased the property in
1952, which included a 30-acre parcel east and
a 20-acre parcel west of the river, and began
the sand and gravel operations at the site later
that year. Between 1955 and 1958, unknown
refuse was disposed of in the 4-acre landfill.
Actions:
In 1971, the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency (IEPA) investigated reports of illegal
dumping and subsequently ordered immediate
closure of the site. In 1973, the Illinois Pollution
Control Board ordered complete waste removal
and covering of the refuse. Additional reports
cited that numerous drums were not removed.
These wastes, consisting of 55-gallon drums of
paint and solvent waste were removed in 1977.
An inspection conducted in 1980 detected no
additional buried drums. A local grading
company took over the mining operations in
1983 and discovered additional buried drums
of solvents and paint cans. These containers
were removed from the area that year, along with
contaminated soil. In 1984, the site was placed
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Petersen Sand & Gravel, Region 5
(Continued)
on the NPL. Because a lake will be constructed
onsite, surface water and sediment monitoring
will take place before and after the lake is in
place.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Poer Farm, Region 5
Knightstown, Indiana
Status:
The Poer Farm site was delisted from the
National Priority List (NPL) on February 11,
1991. The site was fenced, and signs to warn
the public of contaminants were posted. The
site cleanup was completed in July 1983 which
was before the site was placed on the NPL in
September 1983. The site is currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
The removal and disposal of hazardous waste
and contaminated soils from the Poer Farm site
have eliminated the threat to human health and
the surrounding environment.
Background:
Poer Farm is a 5-acre site located on a small
hill between two streams and along East County
Road about 3 miles north of Wilkinson. The
site is an abandoned tract of land with a house
and barn that have collapsed and have been
vandalized. The surrounding area is open
farmland that supports crops of soybeans and
corn. The site consists of three separate areas
where Norman Poer and Michael Coieman
received and stored about 275 drums of solvents
and paint resins from 1973 until 1983. The
owners planned to blend these materials into
low-quality paint for bridges and barns. They
abandoned the project and left the 55-gallon
drums on the site. EPA inspected the site and
found that the drums were leaking, and
vegetation surrounding the area was damaged.
EPA analyzed the drums and soils underneath
them and found volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and heavy metals. The soils on site
contained VOCs such as toluene, xylene, and
ethyl benzene and heavy metals such as
cadmium, arsenic, and lead.
Agricultural lands completely surround the Poer
Farm site, and the nearest residence is
approximately 650 feet to the north.
Approximately 500 people live 3 miles north of
the site in Wilkinson, and approximately 2,300
people live 5 miles away in Knightstown.
Actions:
In 1983, all wastes and 6 to 8 inches of soils
from the drum storage area on site were
removed. All solid and liquid wastes from the
drums were properly landfill disposed. The well
on site was sampled, and results showed that
the levels of arsenic, cadmium, and lead were
at or below the State and Federal standards for
drinking water. Studies determined that no
further action was needed at the site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Republic Steel Corporation Quarry, Region 5
Elyria, Ohio
Status:
All planned cleanup activities have been
completed, and contaminated soils at the site
have been removed. Five-year reviews will be
conducted to determine the human health and
environmental impacts of elevated levels of
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), metals, and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) at depths of 30 to 60 feet in the sediment.
The site remains fenced and unused.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has reduced the
concentration of contaminants in the soils,
quarry fish, and the drainage ditch to levels that
do not pose risks to human health and will allow
unrestricted use of the facility. Soil cleanup
levels have been achieved. Ground-water and
surface water contamination has been
prevented. The results of the 5-Year Review,
however, will determine the human health
effects from contaminants at greater depths in
the quarry sediment
Background:
The fenced 11-acre Republic Steel Corporation
Quarry site is located between the West River
Road and the West Branch of the Black River.
Sandstone was mined from the quarry as a
building material from the 1800s through 1950.
Republic Steel manufactured tubular steel from
1950 to 1984. The LTV Corporation took over
operation of the facility in 1984.
The quarry was used as a repository for plant
wastewaters from 1950 to 1976. The wastewater
consisted mostly of spent pickle liquor, sulfuric
acid used to remove impurities that were
produced during the hot steel rolling process.
These impurities consisted mostly of mill scale
oxides. Approximately 200,000 gallons of pickle
liquor per year were pumped through an
aboveground pipe to a drainage ditch that ran
directly to the quarry until 1969, when the pickle
liquor was disposed of offsite. The company
continued to discharge other plant wastewaters
through 1976.
A remedial investigation (RI) was conducted from
May 1986 to March 1988. The RI indicated that
the soil contamination caused by Republic's
disposal practices was limited to the quarry
sediments, the pickle liquor drainage ditch, and
several soil locations around the quarry's edge.
Soil and sediment contamination included
PAHs, VOCs, and heavy metals. Ground-water
and surface water contamination was limited
to heavy metal pollutants, including barium,
beryllium, manganese, and iron.
Actions:
Remediation activities at the site were conducted
in two phases. Phase I consisted of ground-water
monitoring and the completion of a fish survey
and bioassay. Phase II consisted of the
excavation and removal of 130 cubic yards of
sediments and soils. No systems requiring
operation and maintenance have been deemed
necessary.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NFL SITE
FACT SHEET
Schmalz Dump, Region 5
Harrison, Wisconsin
Status:
Remediation construction activities have been
completed at Schmalz Dump site. Ground-water
monitoring is ongoing. The present property
owner intends to convert the property into a
residential development. A fence around the
perimeter of the site has been installed to restrict
access.
Results and Benefits:
Samples taken after remediation confirmed that
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels were no
longer posing a risk above EPA's target risk
levels. Appropriate actions have been taken to
ensure that the site remains protective of human
health and the environment. Sofl and surface
water remediation goals have been achieved.
Background:
Schmalz Dump site is located on the north shore
of Lake Winnebago in the Town of Harrison,
Wisconsin. Harrison is located approximately
10 miles south of Appieton, 2 miles east of
Menasha, in the east central section of
Wisconsin, in Calumet County.
In 1968, solid waste, car bodies, stone, trees,
pulp chips, mash, fly ash from Menasha Utility,
and demolition debris from Allis-Chalmers
Corporation were hauled to the site. In 1979,
onsite soil sampling in the Allis-Chalmers debris
area revealed PCB contamination as high as
3,100 ppm. The remedial investigation (RI)
detected lead and chromium in soil samples at
concentrations of 1,940 ppm and 964 ppm,
respectively. Elevated concentrations of lead
were also found in sediment samples. The site
was placed onto the National Priorities List (NPL)
on September 21, 1984.
Approximately 1/2 acre of wetland is located
on site. About 60 residences and businesses
are located within 1,000 feet of the property,
and the site is about 500 feet from Lake
Winnebago, a source of public water supply.
Actions:
The remedial action for the cleanup of PCBs was
completed in two phases: the first phase
consisted of excavating and disposing of the
contaminated material, phase two
addressed the treatment of contaminated water
from the pond, dewatered sediments, and other
wastewater generated from site cleanup
procedures. Approximately 3,500 cubic yards
of PCB-contaminated debris-laden soil and
sediment were removed from the site grounds
and on-site pond.
The remedial action for the cleanup of lead and
chromium consisted of the installation of a low
permeability, compacted earth cap over
approximately 7 acres of lead and chromium
contaminated soils; and the implementation of
a ground-water monitoring program that
included five new monitoring wells. Residences
surrounding the site have been connected to the
Menasha Water System, although some have
retained wells for auxiliary uses. The City of
Appieton, with a population of 60,000, has its
drinking water intake approximately 1,200 feet
from the shore of Lake Winnebago.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Seymour Recycling Corporation, Region 5
Seymour, Indiana
Status:
Remediation construction activities have been
completed at the Seymour Superfund Site. The
vapor extraction system and ground-water
extraction and pump and treat system remain
in place. The site is currently inactive, with
potential for industrial purposes.
Results and Benefits:
As of September 1993, sampling results have
shown a consistent decline in the levels of
organics such as benzene and chloroethane as
the plume migrates downgradient before
reaching the two extraction wells. Initial volatile
readings from the the vapor extraction system
were as high as 100,000 ppm, but have declined
to levels of approximately 500 ppm in July of
1993.
Background:
The 14-acre Seymour Recycling Corporation site
consists of two parts: a 12-acre area surrounded
by a berm and fence to confine rainwater and
prevent access to the site, and a 2-acre area
located directly northeast of the larger area.
From 1970 to 1980, the site operated as a
processing center for waste chemicals. Wastes
were accumulated onsite in drums, bulk storage
tanks, and tank trucks. By 1980, approximately
98 storage tanks and 50,000 drums were onsite.
The majority of the drums were rusted and
punctured, some were missing lids, and a large
number leaked. The leaks caused contaminants
to cover a widespread area, toxic vapors to be
released from the site, and onsite fires. Surface
drums and tanks and their contents were
removed in 1981 and 1982. Contaminated soils
continue to pollute the aquifers. The shallow
aquifer is highly contaminated with various
hazardous chemicals including volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Contaminants found in the
ground-water were VOCs, chloroform, phenols,
and heavy metals including arsenic, barium,
iron, and manganese. Soil contaminants are
high levels of VOCs and heavy metals including
beryllium. The facility closed in 1980. The site
was listed on the final National Priorities List
(NPL) on September 9, 1983.
Approximately 100 homes are located within 1
mile of the site. Most private water supply wells
for these residences have been disconnected and
replaced with water service from the City of
Seymour. Contaminated runoff from the site
entered nearby drainage ditches that flow into
the White River and then to the Ohio River.
Releases of contaminants from the site resulted
in fish kills.
Actions:
Remedial actions for the Seymour Site consisted
of construction and operation of a ground-water
pump and treatment system; the design,
construction, and operation of a vapor extraction
system; the design and construction of a
multimedia site cap with onsite contamination,
buildings, and debris buried beneath the cap;
and the design and implementation of
bioremediation activities at the site.
Bioremediation included adding nutrients to the
soil to help break down the contaminants
biologically. The two closest ground-water
extraction wells were located so that natural
biodegradation could take place as the
contaminants flowed from the cap area to the
extraction system.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Tri-State Plating, Region 5
Columbus, Indiana
Status:
As a. result of remedial actions, the source of
the contamination has been removed, and a
pump and treat system will continue to operate
until the ground water at the site meets drinking
water standards. The 1/2-acre site is currently
vacant, but is expected to be for sale within a
year.
Results and Benefits:
Chromium levels are falling, and in a few years
ground-water cleanup is expected to be
completed. The City of Columbus' well field has
been protected from chromium contamination.
Background:
The Tri-State Plating site is an abandoned metal
plating facility located in a residential and small
business neighborhood of Columbus, Indiana.
The company had frequently discharged
production wastes, exceeded the specified limits,
illegally dumped wastes on the ground surface
at the site, and failed to install a waste treatment
system. Tri-State also had one severe spiE that
interrupted the biological treatment system at
the City of Columbus Wastewater Treatment
Facility. The Bartholomew County Health
Department first discovered soil contaminated
with cyanide and heavy metals in January 1983.
In May 1984, the city blocked off the sewer from
Tri-State Plating and shut off the company's
water supply. Tri-State discontinued operation
in 1984, and the property's owner filed for
bankruptcy.
If actions had not been taken to clean up the
contamination, the nearby Haw Creek and White
River might have become contaminated.
Additionally, a backup drinking water well
owned by the city was within 1/2 mile of the
site. The facility is located in a heavily populated
area, but residents are served by a public water
system. EPA was concerned that contaminants
might migrate into an aquifer supplying city
water.
Actions:
An EPA remedial investigation revealed elevated
levels of cyanide, chromium, copper, and
cadmium on building surfaces and in surface
soils and ground water at the site. To prevent
access, a fence was installed around the site.
Initial remedial actions began in 1987. Over 27
barrels of inorganic materials were removed from
the 1/2-acre site, and the main building was
decontaminated and demolished. A 4-foot
trench was found at the site where Tri-State had
been dumping waste. Surface soil at the trench
was excavated and replaced with clean soil.
Contaminated ground water at the site was
extracted and treated using the existing onsite
extraction well.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base, Region 5
Minneapolis-Si. Paul, Minnesota
Status:
The remedial construction activities for Twin
Cities Air Force Reserve Base have been
completed. Ground-water monitoring will be
ongoing until September 1995.
Results and Benefits:
Capping the landfill has eliminated the potential
for contaminants to reach the soil and
groundwater. Contamination has been
eliminated through the natural attenuation of
ground water. Both have eliminated the risk to
human health or the environment at the Twin
Cities Air Force Reserve Base site.
Background:
Since 1944, the 280-acre Twin Cities Air Force
Reserve Base was used for operations that
resulted in the storage and disposal of
hazardous substances at the Small Arms Range
Landfill The Small Arms Range Landfill, the
main base landfill from 1963 to 1972, is located
along the Minnesota River and covers
approximately 3 acres. In addition to general
base refuse, quantities of paint sludge, paint
filters, and leaded-fuel sludge were disposed of
at the site. Monitoring wells showed
contamination with low levels of mercury,
chromium, lead, and zinc in the ground water.
Soil and sludge were contaminated with paint
by-products and petrochemicals. The Twin
Cities Air Force Reserve Base was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) on July 21, 1987.
The site is within the 100-year flood plain of the
Minnesota River and was periodically flooded,
resulting in the release of chromium, lead, and
zinc to the river. The landfill was closed with
capping under appropriate regulations.
Approximately 64,700 people living in the
Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area depend
on public and private wells for drinking water
within a 3-mile area of the landfill.
Actions:
The remedial actvities included access
restrictions; construction and maintenance of
a chain-link fence; and installation of one
monitoring well to replace a damaged well. Also,
deed restrictions will be implemented at such
time as the property is transferred. The remedy
for ground-water contamination is natural
attenuation. There is long-term monitoring of
ground and surface water on the site to ensure
compliance with the levels estabEshed in the
Record of Decision (ROD).
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company, Region 5
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Status:
Construction has been completed at the Union
Scrap Iron & Metal Company site. The site has
been designated for unrestricted use, and no
further monitoring is necessary. The site now
is an empty lot, covered with dirt.
Results and Benefits:
The removal activities, including excavation and
disposal of contaminated soil, have eliminated
the potential for exposure to contaminated
materials at the Union Scrap Iron & Metal
Company site. All cleanup goals for surface
contamination have been met, and no significant
contamination remains on the site, making the
surroundings safe for nearby residents and the
environment.
Background:
Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company sorted and
crushed lead battery fragments on this 1 /4-acre
site from 1973 to 1980. Lead was separated
and sold for recycling. The plastic and rubber
fragments remaining, which also contained lead,
accumulated in piles. Approximately 30,000
tons of these fragments were on the site.
According to the State, airborne lead levels
adjacent to the site were significantly high.
There was also a potential for ground water and
surface water contamination. The soil and
sludge were contaminated with heavy metals
including lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and
copper, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs).
Approximately 3,700 people live within a 1/2-
mile radius of the site, and 17,100 live within 1
mile. Three schools are within 1 mile of the
site.
Actions:
The entire surface of this 1/4-acre site was
removed by EPA Emergency Response personnel
in 1988, and was either recycled or disposed of
in a landfill. The material removed included
contaminated soil, battery materials, and a
concrete pad. Clean fill was then hauled in to
bring the site surface back up to grade.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
U.S. Aviex, Region 5
Niles, Michigan
Status:
Remediation construction activities have been
completed at the U.S. Aviex site. Long-term
ground-water pump and treat as well as
monitoring is on-going. The site is fenced and
inactive, but has the potential for residential use.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has removed the pollutants
from the soil and will remove pollutants from
ground water so that the site will not contain
any contaminants above health-based levels.
The response actions reduced the drinking water
threat by connecting residential wells to the
public water supply.
Background:
U.S. Aviex manufactured nonlubricating
automotive fluids at its 2-acre Huntty Road Plant
from the early 1960s until 1978. Activities at
the plant included the repackaging of bulk
products and the formulation of new products
from bulk ingredients. Releases of hazardous
substances, which occurred during this period
of operation and during a fire that destroyed
the plant, impacted the drinking water aquifer
in the area. Contaminants were detected in
down gradient residential wells as far as 1/2-
mile southwest of the plant. The contaminants
found in the ground water and soil are volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene,
PCE, trichloroethylene (TCE), toluene, and
xylenes. Under agreements with the State of
Michigan, U.S. Aviex installed onsite monitoring
wells; supplied bottled water to residents with
contaminated wells; installed new residential
wells in a lower, uncontaminated portion of the
aquifer, where possible; and installed a ground-
water extraction and treatment system to
contain and treat the plume of contamination
that developed following the releases.
Numerous single-family homes are located near
the plant. All residences have their own water
supply wells. The closest agricultural activity
is located about 1/2 mile southeast of the site.
An airport, a sewage treatment lagoon, and
various light industries are approximately 1 mile
to the west of the site. Three schools are located
about 2 miles from the site.
Actions:
Remedial actions consisted of pumping and
treating onsite and offsite contaminated ground
water by air stripping. Additional construction
included installation of monitoring wells and
piezometer clusters and demolition of existing
onsite structures, tank removal, site grading,
and fencing of the site perimeter.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Velsicol Chemical Corporation, Region 5
St. Louis, Michigan
Status:
The site is being closely monitored to ensure
the effectiveness of the cleanup remedial
activities while EPA conducts studies into the
extent of deep aquifer contamination. The site
is currently posted and fenced to restrict use.
Results and Benefits:
By capping the site, installing a fence, posting
warning signs, and building a system to prevent
the movement of contaminated water off the site,
the potential for direct exposure to hazardous
materials at the site has been significantly
reduced. Six deep monitoring wells and one
shallow well continue to be monitored to ensure
the long-term effectiveness of the remedies.
Background:
The Velsicol Chemical Corporation site consists
of 50 acres in St. Louis, Michigan. The site is
located adjacent to the Pine River, which is used
for fishing, boating, swimming, and other
recreational purposes. A fish kill occurred in
1979, after red leachate was observed oozing
into the river from the site. Two injection
disposal wells, a dredge pond, a lagoon, a
radioactive waste disposal area, and one or more
drum storage areas were located on the site.
Plant effluent and poor housekeeping practices
resulted in contamination of the Pine River and
soils and ground water at the site. Six municipal
wells located east and southeast of the site
supply drinking water for the area. The nearest
well is approximately 1,500 feet away. Onsite
ground water was contaminated with chloride,
sulfate, phenol, and carbon tetrachloride.
Onsite soil samples revealed contamination with
phenol and lead.
Actions:
The remedy consisted of demolition, salvage, and
removal of building materials and scrap. A 2-
foot-thick slurry wall ground-water containment
system and a clay cap were also constructed. A
ground-water collection system with deep well
injection was put into operation, and a long-
term maintenance and monitoring program was
implemented.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Washington County Landfill, Region 5
Lake Elmo, Minnesota
Status:
Currently, the Washington County Landfill site
operates as a closed waste management unit.
All components of the remedial action have been
fully implemented. Therefore, the preliminary
site completion requirements for this site have
been met. EPA will continue to evaluate the
effectiveness of the remedy at each 5-year review
and make adjustments, as necessary.
Results and Benefits:
The ground-water gradient control and
treatment system and the alternate water supply
system have eliminated unacceptable threats to
human health and the environment associated
with exposure to contaminated ground water at
the site.
Background:
The Washington County Landfill site is located
with in the city limits of Lake Elmo in
Washington County, Minnesota. Lake Elmo is
approximately 9 miles northeast of Saint Paul.
The site occupies a 110-acre parcel, and the
landfill covers 40 acres of the site. The area
adjacent to the site is predominantly residential
with a small amount of farming. Residences
are directly adjacent to the site on the north,
west, and south. Approximately 3,000 people
reside within a 3-mile radius of the site.
The site was extensively mined for sand and
gravel prior to its use as a sanitary landfill during
the years 1969 to 1975. The landfill was jointly
operated by Washington and Ramsey Counties.
It accepted approximately 2.6-million cubic
yards of solid waste, which was mostly
residential waste. After operations were
discontinued in 1975, a clean soil cap was
placed on the landfill.
In 1981, ground-water monitoring indicated the
presence of elevated concentrations of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and some heavy
metals in onsite monitoring wells and offsite
residential wells. The site was added to the
National Priorities List (NPL) on September 21,
1984.
Actions:
In 1983 and 1984, alternate drinking water
supplies were provided to affected residences.
In 1983, Washington and Ramsey Counties
installed a pump and treat system to reduce
any potential ground-water contamination
from the landfill. On October 24, 1984, a
Consent Order was signed between the two
counties and the State for the counties to
perform cleanup activities.
Cleanup remedies selected by EPA included:
installing and operating a ground-water gradient
control system at the site, providing safe
drinking water supplies for affected residences,
monitoring the landfill and the effectiveness of
the ground-water gradient control system,
appropriate landfill security and safety
procedures, and implementing a closure plan.
The ground-water gradient control system is in
operation, and monitoring of the ground water
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Washington County Landfill, Region 5
(Continued)
wiE continue until the State determines that the in September 1992. A 5-year review was
ground water has been cleaned. prepared by the State and approved by EPA in
January 1994, The review provides for a
In September 1990, a remedy was selected to number of improvements to the existing remedy,
supply drinking water to residents of 10 homes including the addition of an air stripper system
in Lake Elmo for which the Minnesota for treating ground water and an upgraded cap
Department of Health (MDH) issued advisories for the site. As these improvements are made,
against using existing well water for drinking or the remedy will then continue to be evaluated
cooking. The remedy provided for these 10 for effectiveness and adjustments wiE be made,
homes, to be connected to the City of Oakdale as necessary. EPA wiU conduct its next 5-year
public water system. This work was completed review of the remedy in 1999.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc., Region 5
Lebanon, Indiana
Status:
The findings of the final remedial investigation
(RI) report showed that the previous removal
actions were adequate to protect human health
and the environment, and that no unacceptable
risk remained at the site for ground water, soils,
and warehouse surfaces. Therefore, the June
30, 1989 Record of Decision (ROD) called for no
further action for the ground water, soils, and
warehouse surfaces at the Wedzeb Enterprises
site. However, as a precautionary measure
against potential future releases from the
contaminated sewer line to the Lebanon
treatment plant, the ROD called for remediation
of the contaminated sewer line.
Results and Benefits:
All cleanup activities were completed in 1990,
and no hazardous substances were left on site.
The site no longer poses a threat to human
health or the environment.
Background:
This 3/4-acre site is located in Lebanon, about
30 miles northwest of Indianapolis.
Approximately 11,455 people live within a 3-
mile radius of the site, and about 300 homes
are located within 500 feet of the site.
Approximately 300 private wells and two
municipal wells are in the vicinity of the site.
The site was owned by a succession of
businesses prior to the late 1970s, when Wedzeb
purchased it. Operating practices at Wedzeb
consisted of buying used electrical equipment
for resale and storing it on site in two
warehouses. Various types of electrical
equipment including electrical capacitors and
transformers containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) were stored on site. A fire that
completely destroyed one warehouse on the
eastern side occurred at the site in 1981.
According to inventory records, this warehouse
had contained 77 tons of electrical capacitors,
some of which exploded during the fire. The
water used to put out the fire mixed with
contaminants from the capacitors and
subsequently dripped onto the ground and
flowed into a sanitary sewer line. PCBs may
have been released into the environment as a
result of the fire, and contaminants may have
been washed to nearby ground surfaces as the
fire was extinguished.
Actions:
Because of the potential health threat to nearby
residents caused by harmful chemicals, the
Indiana State Board of Health and EPA collected
samples in 1981 of onsite soil and debris, as
well as soot, wastewater, and sanitary sewer
sediment from areas located near the site. These
sampling activities showed concentrations of
PCBs in sediment from the sanitary sewage
treatment plant, as well as traces of dioxins and
furans in the sediment and other soil samples
from locations on and near the site.
Wedzeb installed a fence and a windbreak
around the site in 1985 to minimize migration
of dust off site. EPA removed 50 boxes
containing contaminated onsite surface soils
and debris from the area surrounding the
425
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Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc., Region 5
(Continued)
warehouse on the eastern part of the site in
1987. The contaminated soils and debris were
shipped to an EPA-approved disposal facility.
The contaminated soil subsequently was
replaced with clean filL More than 250 drums
of 3-pound capacitors were shipped off site for
incineration.
The work plan for the long-term cleanup of the
sewers and soils was completed and approved
by EPA, and cleanup work began on the site in
1990. EPA selected the following methods to
address site contamination: cleaning the sewer
lines with hydraulic jets and vacuum pumping
to remove contaminants, inspection of the sewer
pipe, disposal or incineration of contaminated
sediments, filtering sewer sediments and
discharging clean water to the publicly owned
treatment works (POTWJ, and removal and
disposal of the wastes generated by the
investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. Cleanup activities
were completed in late 1990.
The ROD and subsequent Explanation of
Significant Differences (BSD) for the Wedzeb
Enterprises site required removal of the
contaminated sewer sediments, waste generated
during the RI, and soil from the site. No
monitoring requirements were established in the
ROD or BSD.
426
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Wheeler Pit, Region 5
La Prairie Township, Wisconsin
Status:
This National Priorities List (NPL) site is fenced
and inactive. Deed restrictions are in place to
prohibit the installation of ground-water wells
and future development of the site. As part of
the remedial activities, ground water will be
monitored for at least 30 years.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial actions at this rural site have
removed the threat of direct contact with the
contamination, and reduced the threat of
contaminants reaching the ground water. Water
wells in the area are used primarily for irrigation.
Background:
This site occupies 3.82 acres, 2 miles east of
the City of Janesville, in La PraMe Township,
Wisconsin. The area surrounding the site is
primarily used for agriculture and sand and
gravel mining. A small asphalt plant operates
on property adjacent to the site. The nearest
municipal water supply well is the City of
Janesville well that is located approximately 1
mile northeast of the site. Private wells are
located within 1,000 feet of the site.
From 1960 through 1974, the potentially
responsible party (PRP) used the site for disposal
of paint spray booth sludges, clarifier sludges,
and powerhouse coal ashes from its automobile
assembly plant in Janesville, The disposal site
was reported to be approximately 400 feet long,
250 feet wide, and 8 feet deep. An estimated
22.3-million gallons of organic and inorganic
sludges were disposed of at the site. The waste/
fill area covers approximately 3.4 acres and
ranges from 0 to 23 feet in thickness. At its
deepest point, the waste is approximately 10 feet
above the water table. The estimated volume of
waste is 60,600 cubic yards. During the fall of
1974 and the summer of 1975, the disposal area
was covered according to State guidelines.
In response to complaints concerning potential
ground-water quality impacts related to waste
disposal practices at the site, sampling was
performed by the State and PRPs. Elevated
levels of trichloroethylene (TCE), chromium,
zinc, and barium were noted in the samples in
April 1981. As a result of these findings, the
site was placed on the NPL in September 1984.
In 1987, the PRPs entered tato an agreement
with EPA to perform studies to determine the
extent of contamination, as well as alternatives
for addressing the contamination.
Actions:
The site was cleaned up as an accelerated
capping project. The design called for all waste
to be excavated and consolidated under one
multi-layered cap. The approximately 6-foot-
thick covering prevents a barrier from direct
contact and minimizes water infiltration.
New monitoring wells have been constructed
onsite. Two groups of two or more wells are
upgradient, and four groups of two or more wells
are downgradient. Private weEs near the site
are also monitored.
427
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Wheeler Pit, Region 5
(Continued)
A permanent 6-foot-high chain-link security
fence was erected around the site, and a new
access road was constructed.
428
-------
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Whitehall Municipal Wells, Region 5
Whitehall, Michigan
Status:
The Whitehall Municipal Wells site is an active,
public facility that produces potable drinking
water for about 3,000 people. Institutional
controls have been implemented and studies
have determined that the site does not pose a
significant threat to human health or the
environment. No further action is required at
this site. However, the Michigan Department of
Public Health (MDPH) will continue its routine
sampling of the city water supply and will
investigate other areas of ground-water
contamination to ensure continued protection
of nearby residents and the environment,
Results and Benefits:
An investigation and risk assessment in
February 1990 indicated no public health risk
was involved with the site. The closing of
Production Well #3 (PW3) eliminated the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials
at the site. Therefore, no further cleanup action
was recommended.
Background:
The City of Whitehall is located in the western
part of the lower peninsula of Michigan on the
shore of Lake Michigan. The Whitehall
Municipal Wells site is located in the
northeastern portion of Whitehall, in Funnel
Field, north of Colby Street, and south of the
ravine and backwaters of the White River. About
3,000 people live in the City of Whitehall, and
about 20 residences still rety on their private
wells for potable water.
In 1980, perchloroethylene (PCE) was detected
in the city's water supply. It was determined
that PW3 was the source of the problem.
Chemical analysis of soil samples taken from
the site of the nearby laundromat/dry cleaner
on May 18, 1981, revealed 1.0 mg/kg of PCE.
In early 1981, MDPH recommended that the city
use PW3 only on an emergency basis and that
it be eventually replaced. The city used PW3 on
an "as needed" basis at reduced pumpage rates
until October 1988. PW3 was permanently
abandoned as of September 1, 1989. The PCE
leakage problems associated with the
laundromat/dry cleaner facility have since been
corrected. Since 1982, PW3 has shown no
contamination and surrounding monitoring
wells have shown only minimal levels of
contamination.
Sampling of residential wells in 1982 indicated
contamination of those wells with volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs). Contaminants that
have been found in the ground water include
PCE, trichloroethylene fTCE), and chloroform.
Further investigation indicated that the source
of the residential well and ground-water
contamination was Shellcast, Inc. and White
Lake Landfill, Inc. In 1985, EPA issued a
Consent Order to Shellcast, Inc. and White Lake
Landfill, Inc., requiring that they provide a
permanent potable water supply to residents
whose water supplies may be threatened by
hazardous substances in the ground water.
429
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Whitehall Municipal Wells, Region 5
(Continued)
Actions:
In September 1984, the Whitehall Municipal
Wells site was added to the National Priorities
List (NPL). The site investigation (SI) followup
was conducted from May 1986 to April 1988 to
determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. A geophysical
investigation was performed at the site on May
26 and 27, 1987. A soil gas survey was
performed on May 25 and 27, 1987, to
determine the presence of VOCs at detectable
concentrations. Also, during the SI follow-up,
five cluster wells were installed in addition to
the monitoring wells put in by the city and the
SI contractor. Subsequently, ground-water and
soil samples were collected. Although extensive
ground-water investigation was performed, no
discrete source of contamination was found. In
addition, no contamination was found in PW3.
Monitoring wells were re-sampled during the
remedial investigation (RI) that was conducted
from March 1988 to May 1989. Again, no
discrete source of contamination was found.
The baseline risk assessment of the site,
prepared in February 1990, concluded that the
site was not of public health concern under
current conditions because of the absence of
human exposure to significant levels of
hazardous substances. No environmental or
human health exposure pathways were
identified since the closure of PW3. On
September 29,1989, a Record of Decision (ROD)
was signed that approved the "no further action"
remedy. This site was deleted from the NPL on
February 11,1991. MDPH continues to conduct
routine sampling of the city water supply to
ensure continued protection of nearby residents.
430
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Whlttaker Corporation, Region 5
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Status:
Ground water and soils were contaminated with
heavy metals and volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs), Drums and contaminated soil were
excavated and processed onsite. Approximately
280 cubic yards of hazardous materials were
shipped to a permitted RCRA facility. All
construction activities have been completed at
this site. The ground-water pump and treat
system began operation on May 9, 1985, and
was still in operation as of April 7,1992, because
the response action levels had not yet been
achieved. The site is currently used by an
excavation company for offices, parking, and
heavy equipment storage.
Results and Benefits:
Removal and treatment actions have greatly
reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the site while further
cleanup and monitoring activities continue.
Background:
The Whittaker Corporation site is located within
an industrial area of Minneapolis. The
Mississippi River is approximately 1,200 feet to
the west of the site and four industrial and four
residential wells are nearby.
This site is a closed, 7.5-acre, former industrial
facility. Site activities have included repackaging
of antifreeze and oil, and manufacturing of
resins and industrial coatings. Raw materials
were stored in 21 underground storage tanks
(USTs), in 28 above ground tanks, in drums,
and inside the plant.
Waste materials included tank bottoms, paint
wastes, and cleaning fluids. Once generated,
these wastes were reused in the manufacturing
process; incinerated onsite; disposed of in a low,
swampy area on the site; and were occasionally
spilled. Hazardous materials were discovered
hi 1978 during an excavation for a parking tot.
Ground water and soil were found to be
contaminated with heavy metals including
cadmium and lead, as well as VOCs including
xylene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and benzene.
Actions:
The site was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL) on September 21,1984. Soil sampling
and monitoring well installation were included
in the preliminary investigation.
The remedial investigation began in January
1985 under the direction of the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). The
investigation included the removal of USTs,
installation of additional monitoring wells, soil
borings, and trench excavation. MPCA issued
a Request For Response Action (RFRA)
addressing source areas and ground water on
April 23, 1985; it was amended on November
26, 1985. The site cleanup (response action)
included the following activities: 600 drums
were excavated and disposed of offsite at a
permitted RCRA facility; visibly contaminated
soil was excavated and disposed of at a
permitted RCRA facility; resins and soils were
separated, and the resins were disposed of at a
permitted RCRA facility; 25 drums of recovered
solvents were incinerated offsite; soils were
431
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Whittaker Corporation, Region 5
(Continued)
excavated, thermally processed, and landfarmed
onsite; and a ground-water pump and treat
system was installed.
The pump and treat system was turned off in
July 1994. Sampling of seven monitoring wells
was conducted in September 1994; an additional
sampling round was planned for December
1994.
432
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Windom Dump, Region 5
Windom, Minnesota
Status:
This landfill site was closed in 1974. Following
investigations initiated in 1982, construction of
the landfill cap began in June 1989 and was
completed in August 1989, All planned cleanup
activities have been completed except for
pumping and treating of the ground water, which
will continue until cleanup levels are met. As of
January 1995, the pump and treat system was
still in operation. The site is an 11-acre closed
landfill.
Results and Benefits:
Numerous cleanup activities (e.g., installation
of the landfill cap) have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous substances
at the site. Pumping and treating of the ground
water continue to lower contamination levels in
the affected aquifer.
Background:
Land near the site is comprised of residences
and is used for farming and industrial activities.
An elementary school is two blocks west of the
site. In early 1991, the population of Windom
was approximately 4,500.
Prior to the 1930s, the 11.4-acre Windom Dump
was quarried for sand and gravel, almost to the
level of the water table. From the 1930s until
1971, the site was used to burn municipal and
industrial wastes. From 1971 to 1974,
municipal wastes and some industrial wastes
were placed in a fUl area along the pit; however,
burning of paint sludges continued during this
time. The site was closed in 1974; however, the
City of Windom continued to place demolition
asphalt and concrete over the fill area.
Reports of waste disposal practices by local
citizens and the proximity of the site to the City
of Windom municipal well field prompted the
City and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
(MPCA) to evaluate contamination potential of
the site. A fence was constructed around the
site, and six monitoring wells were installed (by
the City of Windom) in November 1982, as part
of a preliminary assessment. In 1985, the
Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) sampled
the city's municipal and residential wells.
Residential wells near the site were clean.
Analysis of monitoring wells consistently
detected volatile organic contamination
downgradient of the landfill. Chemical analysis
of soils collected below the refuse indicated the
presence of metals at concentrations slightly
above background, at nonhazardous levels. Di-
n-butylphthalate was the only EPA organic
priority pollutant detected in the soil.
Actions:
The site was listed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in April 1986. On June 24, 1986, the
MPCA issued a request for response action to
the City of Windom and the Toro Company (the
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) for the
site), which required the City and Toro to
conduct a remedial investigation (RI) and
feasibility study (FS) and to prepare a remedial
action plan. The RI was initiated in May 1987,
433
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Windom Dump, Region 5
(Continued)
and the final report was submitted to the MPCA
in October 1987. Also in 1987, an additional
12 monitoring wells were installed. The RI
determined that the only significantly affected
medium at the site was the ground water of the
glacial drift aquifer. The FS, submitted to MPCA
in September 1988, identified the following
objectives for the site: protection of the
municipal water supply; minimization of
ieachate generated at the site; and control of
contaminant migration.
The PRPs performed the following activities:
graded the site to control erosion; covered the
site with compacted clay and other materials
that are impermeable to water; provided a
drainage layer; and installed a landfill cover to
prevent water and wind erosion. Intervention
limits for the contaminants of concern were also
established. These intervention limits were
exceeded in 1989. A ground-water recovery well
was installed along the western property
boundary in September 1989, and an aquifer
test along with a pilot treatment test was
completed in October 1989. The final pump and
treatment system began operation on October
31, 1990. Annual system evaluations and
municipal water supply monitoring are required.
Pumping and treating of the ground water will
continue until cleanup levels are met.
Otherwise, all planned cleanup activities have
been completed.
EPA anticipates that in March 1995, MPCA will
complete a 5-year review of the remedial actions
(RA) conducted at the site. The 5-year review
should show that the remedies implemented as
part of the RA remain protective of human health
and the environment. It should also indicate
that the pump and treat system should continue
until cleanup goals are met. This site will be
scheduled for review again in March 1999.
434
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Dayton Tire and Rubber Company Site, Region ! *
Dayton, Ohio
Status:
The removal actions at this site have been
completed, and EPA has addressed the threats
posed by the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-
contaminated surfaces and soils, and the loose
asbestos throughout the facility. The buildings
onsite were then demolished, and the residue
has been disposed of by the tity. Grass has
been planted at the area. Responsibility for the
site has been assumed by the city, no further
action by EPA is anticipated.
Results and Benefits:
The PCB- and asbestos-contaminated main
building was cleaned up and released by EPA
for reuse; hazardous materials were removed
from the site or stabilized to prevent their offsite
release. Wolf Creek, at the southern boundary
of the site, has fully recovered. Following EPA's
removal actions, the City of Dayton has
continued cleanup of this site, which is no longer
the focus of community concern.
Background:
In April 1987, an oil spill in Wolf Creek was
traced to a drain pipe that was connected to a
pump station in an abandoned 37-acre tire
manufacturing plant 2 miles west of downtown
Dayton. Further investigation by the Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA)
revealed that PCB-contaminated transformer
and electrical switch oil had been dumped onto
the floors, roof, and soil surrounding the
buildings by a salvage firm. Heavy rains had
apparently washed the oil into Wolf Creek.
Subsequent investigations revealed that the
building had also been vandalized. PCB-
containing transformer oil had been tracked over
several thousand square feet of floor, and
vandals had removed asbestos wrap from
thousands of feet of the building's 8-inch and
12-inch steam piping. This had allowed huge
quantities of friable asbestos to become airborne
(and therefore a breathing hazard) while the
PCBs could migrate during rainy periods into
Wolf Creek from the unsecured property.
Hazardous wastes totaling over 4,000 gallons
were also discovered in drums and tanks onsite.
This site is bounded by and drains into Wolf
Creek to the south, and a wooded field to the
west. Residences are within 200 feet to the
north, and an operating tire processing plant is
to the east.
Actions:
The day after the PCB spill was reported, EPA
mobilized the Technical Assistance Team and
Emergency Response contractors to secure the
site and determine the full extent of the
emergency. The first 6 weeks of the removal
included extracting oil from the transformers
and the empty electrical equipment within the
facility and removing contaminated soil and
debris from the building and from Wolf Creek.
Subsequently, the asbestos was encapsulated
and removed, PCB-contaminated sediment was
excavated from Wolf Creek, and PCB-
contaminated tracks from vandals and
subsequent investigators were cleaned from
435
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Dayton Tire and Rubber Company Site, Region 5
(Continued)
22,400 square feet of floor. After EPA concluded
its activities, the city continued cleanup work,
including demolition of the remaining structure
on the site. The area is now fallow and
unsecured.
436
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Industrial Fuels and Asphalt Site, Region 5
Hammond, Lake County, Indiana
Status:
Emergency and time-critical removal actions
have been initiated at this site, which is the
2,000th action under the Super fund Removal
Program. Response activities are continuing and
include removal of the finable asbestos from the
ground, treatment of the caustic sulfite material,
and removal of all onsite structures such as
buildings and tanks. The owner has indicated
that, when response measures to construct a
wetlands area are completed, ownership of the
site will be transferred to the City of Hammond.
Results and Benefits:
Because the site is located in a low-lying swampy
area, significant damage to local ecosystems was
likely. In addition, the proximity of the site to
other businesses, the evidence of past vandalism
and trespassing, and the lack of site security
made this abandoned site a threat to local
populations.
Large quantities of friable asbestos, a
carcinogen, were removed from the site to
protect persons or terrestrial animals that could
possibly come in contact with it. As a result,
nearby wetlands and wetlands habitats have
been protected. Various migratory bird species
use these wetlands, including the green heron.
When remedial actions are complete, EPA and
the State plan to transform this former asphalt
plant into an environmental asset, a wetlands
demonstration area. The purpose of this project
would be to demonstrate how Superfund can
remediate hazardous waste situations in
addition to benefiting the surrounding wetlands
ecosystems.
Background:
The Industrial Fuels and Asphalt site is an
inactive oil refinery/asphalt processing plant
located in Hammond, Indiana. The 40-acre site
is located in an industrial area surrounded by
other oil refineries and tank farms. There are
no homes or schools within 1/4 mile of the
facility. Bordered by historic wetlands,
industrial properly on the west and south, and
a street and an avenue on the east and north,
the entire site is surrounded by a chain-link
fence that has been subject to repeated damage
by trespassers and vandals. The plant has been
in existence since the mid-1950s. It operated
from 1977 to 1983, was leased to another
company from 1985 to 1990, and is currently
inactive and unoccupied.
In 1991, reports concerning several petroleum
leaks at the site prompted investigations by the
City of Hammond. Several onsite areas were
covered with oil, and evidence showed that oil
was spreading to onsite and adjacent wetlands,
as well as to other offsite areas. According to a
memorandum from environmental contractors
to the Department of the Interior, contaminant
problems of concern included oil discharges,
leaking PCB capacitors, asbestos piles, improper
storage of drummed hazardous substances, an
abandoned tank farm with unknown types and
quantities of wastes, and improperly disposed
hazardous substances. In an initial
investigation, the State discovered several
structures onsite, including a large warehouse
containing 52 drums of assorted reagents and
micro-biological compounds, an abandoned
laboratory, approximately 45 aboveground
437
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Industrial Fuels and Asphalt Site, Region 5
(Continued)
storage tanks, and an unknown number of
underground tanks. In a subsequent
investigation, the State also discovered a pile of
insulation containing asbestos.
Several onsite releases, such as PCBs and other
spills, resulted from vandalism. During a
geophysical survey, investigators found that
approximately 50,000 square yards (3/4 of the
site) are covered by a green slag-like material
(green sulfite), determined to be caustic (pH >
12) and to contain high levels of corrosive sulfite.
The sulfite-containing material extended 1/2
mile north and 1/4 mile west of the site
boundaries. Elevated sulfite levels existed in
the ground water, resulting from the elevated
levels in the soils. It was thought that this
material might also have been reactive, resulting
in evolution of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a
poisonous gas.
Actions:
Removal activities at the site directly addressed
actual or possible releases of hazardous
substances, contaminants, or pollutants that
posed a threat to human and animal
populations, and to the environment. Since
discovery of the contamination in June 1991, a
number of removal activities have taken place.
EPA, the Technical Assistance Team (TAT), and
the Emergency Response Cleanup Services
(ERCS) contractor removed and incinerated all
laboratory chemicals, neutralized all phosphoric
and hydrochloric acids and other corrosives, and
removed the friable asbestos. Three hundred
drums and various other containers were
retrieved from the site and staged in an onsite
building, and one manufacturer voluntarily
removed four drums of methyl cellosolve. The
State began cleanup of oil- and asphalt-
contaminated areas by demolishing numerous
tanks, consolidating material remaining in
tanks, and scraping up and stockpiling oil-
contaminated soil.
EPA intends to negotiate with potentially
responsible parties for continuing time-critical
removal measures to reduce the reactive and
corrosive sulfite levels at the site. The additional
response actions would include excavating,
screening, and crushing contaminated sludges
and soils, and then oxidizing the sulfites by
combining them with calcium hypochlorite
bleach to obtain a cleanup goal of less than 500
ppm of reactive sulfites. The treated material
will be replaced so that further treatment of the
material can be contained using berms and
lagoons, and the treated material will be mixed
with organic peat and urea to neutralize the pH
and to lower residual chlorine.
Torrential rains during the summer of 1993
resulted in the release of crude oil from two large
floating-top tanks that were in poor condition.
Most of the affected areas onsite contained
wetlands habitats supporting a variety of wildlife
including sandpipers, ducks, geese, turtles,
toads, and crayfish. There was concern that
flooded streets adjacent to the site might provide
migration pathways for the oil offsite.
438
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Kelly Koett Site, Region 5
Cincinnati, Ohio
Status:
As a result of an emergency response cleanup
at this site, the radiation-contaminated building
has been demolished, and the areas of
contamination removed. The entire site cleanup
was completed in February 1992 through the
Superfund Removal program.
Results and Benefits:
Rapid building deterioration combined with the
close proximity of residential areas posed the
potential for human exposure to Radium-226.
This site, however, no longer poses a threat to
public health or the environment. In October
1992, the property was purchased, and local
officials indicate that reuse is likely.
Background:
In 1951, the Kelly Koett X-Ray Corporation
experienced the rupture of a capsule containing
44.8 millicuries of radium sulfate from a
calibration instrument. The material was
released into the air, and the contamination
spread throughout two buildings onsite through
indoor ventilation. Cleanups were performed
in the intervening years, but radiation surveys
demonstrated that these actions were
unsuccessful and that contamination persisted.
In May 1988, the EPA, Cincinnati Department
of Health, and local fire department responded
to a report of falling debris at the 1/4-acre site.
Debris from the outside facade were found to
be free of radiation, but due to the increasing
deterioration of the building and repeated
unauthorized entries on the site, the City of
Cincinnati requested that EPA initiate
immediate cleanup. The site is adjacent to a
residential area.
Actions:
Cleanup activities began in July 1988. Phase I
of the cleanup included bagging loose debris,
disposing of Pharmaceuticals, conducting
radiological surveys of all surfaces in both the
front and rear buildings, and removing various
floor and wall surfaces. Damaged asbestos pipe
insulation was removed from the basement of
the front building. The radium-contaminated
debris were removed, and 712 cubic yards were
delivered to an EPA-approved radioactive
landfill.
Phase II of the cleanup included removing more
highly contaminated surfaces of the rear
building and removing the remaining asbestos
as required to demolish the buildings. The
buildings were demolished, and the debris
disposed of in a landfill. The foundations were
backfilled with clean material, and the site was
seeded to prevent erosion.
439
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Page Intentionally Blank
44O
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Nagel Residence Site, Region 5
Wayne County, Michigan
Status:
The removal action at this site began on
September 21, 1989, and was completed on
November 14, 1989. No further remedial
activities are planned.
Results and Benefits:
Removal of silver and mercury contamination
in a residential area removed the threat to
neighboring residents. The site has been
attractively grassed; however, there is only a
garage on the lot and the house has not been
rebuilt. The building and land are presently
assessed at less than $10,000.
Background:
The site was a three-bedroom home located on
a small lot in a densely populated residential
neighborhood. When four individuals from the
same family were hospitalized with respiratory
problems, police investigated. The problems
were traced to a clandestine smelting operation
in the basement run by one of the family
members. The raw materials were "off-spec"
dental amalgam taken without permission from
a local supplier by the homeowner's son-in-law.
The recovered silver was being sold to a local
precious metal dealer. All occupants of the home
subsequently died of complications due to
mercury poisoning.
Actions:
Within a month of being informed of the
problem, EPA (1) verified that elevated mercury
levels were inside the house; (2) met with
appropriate local authorities to develop an
acceptable and workable removal strategy, (3)
went door-to-door in the neighborhood with
information; (4) obtained the proper access
authority; (5) retrieved and decontaminated
certain personal items for the surviving family
members; and (6) began work to ensure the site
would not release mercury vapor to the outside
atmosphere and adjacent homes.
EPA and its Technical Assessment Team (TAT)
found highly elevated levels of mercury inside
the house, especially in the basement area where
smelting had been conducted. The TAT did not
record any elevated levels outside the house,
however. The house was sealed, and a filtration
system was installed to place the house under
negative pressure to prevent any release of
mercury vapor, should a breach occur in the
structure. To reduce vapor levels while the
cleanup progressed, the agent "HgX" was first
sprayed on the interior, combining with free
mercury to form a salt, which could then be
disposed of as a hazardous material Some walls
were further encapsulated with latex paint.
Material was removed from the interior of the
home and transported to an EPA-approved
landfill. The structure was demolished, and the
basement floor and foundation were excavated
and placed in an approved landfill. The lot was
then backfilled to a final grade of ground surface
and sodded. Repairs were made to sidewalks
and the driveway damaged during demolition.
A total of 390 cubic yards of contaminated debris
were landfilled.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Bayou Sorrel Site, Region 6
Bayou Sorrel, Louisiana
Status:
Currently, the Bayou Sorrel site is managed as
a closed landfill. All cleanup actions were
completed in 1990. EPA will continue to monitor
the site during the 30-year operation and
maintenance period to ensure that the site is
safe and no longer poses a threat to public health
or the environment.
Results and Benefits:
Numerous cleanup activities have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous substances
at the site. For example, in late 1989, a fence
was installed at the entrance to the site to
restrict access, and in 1990, a clay cap was
installed to prevent infiltration, surface water
exposure, and direct contact. A slurry wall was
installed to contain contaminated ground water.
The selected remedy inhibits the migration of
more than 1 million cubic feet of wastes by
providing a barrier in all directions.
Background:
The site is located in Iberville Parish,
approximately 20 miles southwest of Baton
Rouge, Louisiana. It is on the East Atchafalya
Basin Floodway Protection Levee, adjacent to
the Upper Grand River and Pat Bayou. The site
has a marshy-type environment and is prone to
flooding and poor drainage.
Fifty acres of the 265-acre site have been used
for waste disposal. The waste disposal areas
include: a spent lime cell, a crushed drum cell,
four covered liquid waste ponds, and a land
farm. The remaining acres are overgrown with
brush and trees. The site lies in a rural area;
only three homes are within 2 miles of the site.
The nearest well is 1/2 mile away, but is used
only for washing. Bayou Sorrel gets its drinking
water from the City of Plaquemine. The
population changes seasonally due to local
fishing camps.
Early in 1977, Environmental Purification
Advancement, Inc. (EPAI) began accepting
wastes at the site from several petrochemical
industries. According to company records, the
majority of wastes disposed at the site included:
sulfide-containing wastes from hydrocarbon
processing and exploration activity; process
wastes from pesticide/herbicide manufacture;
and spent wash solutions from boiler cleaning
and process equipment cleaning contractors. A
sister firm, Clean Land Air Water, Inc. (CLAW)
operated an injection well approximately 6
miles south of the site. EPAI operations
included landfarming, open liquid
impoundments, drum burial, and landfilling of
chemically fixated wastes. The fixation process
is unknown but may have included lime, cement,
and native soils.
EPAI and CLAW were two separate operations;
however, it is believed that wastes from the
injection well were diverted to EPAI when process
problems at the well caused a bottleneck. In
the summer of 1978, a truck driver died at the
site as a result of inhaling hydrogen sulfide gas
created when liquid wastes were dumped into
the receiving pond. State and Federal regulatory
officials inspected the site following this incident
and found unknown materials in large, open
44.1
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Bayou Sorrel Site, Region 6
(Continued)
unlicensed ponds. When a State District Court
ordered the site closed in September 1978,
approximately 36,400 cubic yards of wastes
remained onsite, and it was estimated that 1
million cubic yards of soil was contaminated.
Actions:
In 1979, all exposed disposal areas were
dewatered, filed, and covered with soil.
Investigations in 1981 and 1982 showed
evidence of surface contamination, although
ground-water data were inconclusive. Based
on the information collected during these
investigations, the site was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) on December 20,
1982.
EPA signed a 1987 Consent Decree with the
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) to conduct
cleanup activities at the site. The Record of
Decision (ROD) was signed on November 14,
1986; the engineering design for the site cleanup
was approved in 1989. The ROD and
•subsequent remedial design required the
following site remedies: regrading the site to
control runoff, limit cap erosion, limit surface
water ponding, and divert stormwater from
waste areas; capping former disposal areas with
RCRA top-soil/gee-membrane/clay caps;
installing a sand/geofabric pore water drainage
layer above the wastes and below the cap;
including a venting system in the cap to reduce
buildup of methane and other gases beneath
the cap; consolidating all miscellaneous wastes
outside currently capped areas under the new
caps for grading and fill purposes or disposing
of wastes at an offsite facility. Also required are
installing a 30-foot deep slurry wall around the
former landfill area and constructing a shallow
slurry wall around the former pond 4 area;
fencing all capped areas to restrict access to
disposal areas; constructing gravel access roads
around fenced areas to allow continued
recreational use of adjacent lands and Borrow
Lake while diverting traffic around and away
from the disposal areas; and installing a ground-
water monitoring system. These activities were
completed in 1990, and the 30-year operation
and maintenance period has begun.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Bio-Ecology Systems, Inc., Region 6
Grand Prairie, Texas
Status:
Rem'ediation construction activities were
completed in August 1988. Ground-water
sampling and leachate pumping and sampling
are still being conducted. The site is currently
unoccupied, and access is restricted through
the use of a fence and warning signs.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has removed the pollutants
from the soil so that the site will not contain
any contaminants above acceptable health-
based levels. Surface water contamination
through flooding and ground-water
contamination has been prevented. Health risks
resulting from direct contact or ingestion of soil
have been eliminated.
Background:
The Bio-Ecology Systems, Inc. site consists of
approximately 11 acres in an industrial area.
The site is bordered by the tributaries of Old
Mountain Creek and lies within the floodplain
of the creek. The site is also 1 mile from
Mountain Creek Lake. From 1972 to 1978, the
site was licensed as a Class I industrial solid
waste management facility by the State of Texas.
The facility incinerated or used chemical or
biological processes to treat the wastes prior to
their being landfilled.
The site contained tanks of mixed oils, solvents,
and ketones and buried sludge containing
chromium, cyanide, and heavy metals. After
numerous permit violations and court orders,
Bio-Ecology Systems, Inc., went bankrupt on
June 13, 1978. The site was partially cleaned
up in 1978 and was partially closed for further
cleanup in December 1979. The site was placed
on the National Priorities List {NPL) in September
1983.
Actions:
Remedial actions for the Bio-Ecology Sytems,
Inc. site consisted of: raising the elevation of
the site above the 100-year floodplain;
construction of an onsite disposal cell;
construction of a final cover and liner and a
leachate collection and removal system; waste
stabilization and placement of the waste in the
onsite cell; construction of a fence with
warning signs; and installation of a ground-
water monitoring system. Construction was
completed by August 1988. Approximately
85,000 cubic yards of wastes and soils were
stabilized and placed in the disposal cell.
Leachate pumping and sampling, conducted
from 1989 to 1993, showed a decrease in
leachate volume. Ground-water monitoring and
sampling from 1989 to 1993 displayed
contaminant results below levels of concern.
Leachate pumping will continue until the system
is pumped dry. Ground-water monitoring will
continue throughout the operation and
maintenance period.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Cecil Lindsey Site, Region 6
Jackson County, Arkansas
Status:
All remedial actions have been completed at this
site. EPA, in conjunction with the State,
determined that the surface and subsurface
contamination at the site was cleaned to levels
that are safe to people and the environment.
EPA deleted the site from the National Priorities
List (NPL) in 1989. The site is currently an
inactive agricultural area, located in the Village
Creek floodplain.
Results and Benefits:
In 1988, 1 year after an emergency removal
action, sampling showed that contamination
levels in the ground water have decreased, and
the threat to an adjacent wetland area has been
eliminated.
Background:
From the early 1970s to 1980, the 5-acre Cecil
Lindsey site was used as a salvage operation,
collecting machinery, cars, and scrap metals.
Some municipal and industrial wastes
reportedly were disposed of on the property,
although the operators had no permit to accept
them. Drums that previously held pesticides
and oils containing heavy metals were disposed
of onsite. About 20 homes housing 50 residents
are located within 1 mile of the site. The site is
adjacent to the Village Creek wetlands and
forested bottomland in an agricultural area.
Portions of the site, which He within the flood
plain of Village Creek, are often flooded.
Heavy metals and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) were found in ground water underlying
the site. Heavy metals including arsenic,
cadmium, and copper were found in soil
throughout the site, and VOCs were found in
the southern portion of the site.
Actions:
In 1987, EPA quickly removed the drums to
eliminate further contamination, placed ground-
water and access restrictions on the site, and
installed monitoring wells.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Cimarron Mining Corp., Region 6
Canizozo, New Mexico
Status:
All construction activities have been completed
at the Cimarron Mining site. EPA and the State
have determined that the contractors have
constructed the remedy in accordance with the
plans and specifications. The only activities to
be performed at the site are monitoring and
operation of the ground-water pump and treat
system and operation and maintenance
activities. This is an abandoned mill site.
Results and Benefits:
Constructing a fence to limit access to the site
has reduced the potential for nearby residents
to come into direct contact with contaminants
on the site. The ground-water pump and
discharge to the publicly owned treatment works
(POTW) remedy is designed to, over time, reduce
the level of cyanide contamination to acceptable
levels and mitigate the potential for migration
of contamination from the shallow aquifer to the
deeper drinking zone.
Background:
Approximately 1,500 people live within a 2-mile
radius of the Cimarron site; about 1,000 people
obtain drinking water from 29 municipal wells
within 3 miles of the site. The nearest municipal
well is about 2 miles from the Cimarron area
and 1/2 mile from the Sierra Blanca area. Wells
are also used to irrigate food crops.
This 10-acre site is located approximately 1/4-
mile east of Carrizozo, Lincoln County, New
Mexico, and approximately 100 miles south-
southeast of Albuquerque. In 1990, the Sierra
Blanca property, located approximately 3/4-mile
south of the Cimarron Mining site, was
incorporated into cleanup actions at the
Cimarron Mining site. Covering approximately
10 acres, it operated as a precious metals
recovery mill. The process resulted in a lead-
contaminated slurry, which was disposed of in
open pits.
From 1979 to 1982, the Cimarron site operated
as a metal recovery mill using a solution of
cyanide salt and metal stripper. Before 1979,
gold was extracted using cyanide. Both
processes generated a liquid waste containing
cyanide and heavy metals. Site activities
resulted in the unpermitted discharge of
contaminated liquids and the stockpiling of
contaminated liquids, tailings, and other waste
sediment.
The facility was operated without the required
permits, and the State cited the company for
environmental violations in 1982. Cimarron
filed for bankruptcy in 1983, and the following
year an inspection revealed two cyanide solution
tanks, a discharge pit, an impoundment, an
uncovered pile of mine tailings, and a drum
storage area. State inspections in the early
1980s revealed the presence of cyanide and
elevated metals in the shallow ground water, soil,
and mill tailings.
Actions:
In 1987, the site was fenced, and warning signs
were posted to alert the nearby community of
contaminated site conditions. In 1990, EPA
completed an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the metal recovery
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Cimarron Mining Corp., Region 6
(Continued)
site. This study defined the contamination and
recommended various cleanup alternatives. The
selected remedy involves pumping of shallow
ground water, with discharge to a local
wastewater treatment facility.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Compass Industries, Region 6
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Status:
The Compass Industries (Avery Drive) site is an
abandoned 30-acre landfill. All site construction
activities and remediation have been completed
at this site. Long-term monitoring and operation
and maintenance of the site are being
implemented.
Results and Benefits;
Risk to human health from direct exposure has
been reduced by limiting site access by installing
a fence with warning signs along the site
perimeter. Completion of the clay cap has
contained material onsite and will keep
pollutants from migrating offsite via water and
air.
Background:
This landfill site is located west of Tulsa,
Oklahoma, and is near a county recreational
facility. Physically, the landfill is situated on a
bluff approximately 1/4 mile south and 200 feet
above the Arkansas River. Runoff from
precipitation, springs, and seeps flow into the
Arkansas River through a network of small
streams. The site is in a rural area, but is
immediately west of a recreational area. The
nearest residence is 1 /4 mile from the site, and
the nearest drinking water well is 1/2 mile away,
although it is upgradient from the site and
currently is not in use.
Prior to the 1950s, the site was used for
limestone quarrying and oil and gas exploration.
From 1972 to 1976, it operated as a major
landfill for municipal and industrial wastes in
the Tulsa area (although the permit issued by
the Oklahoma State Department of Health
(OSDH) did not allow for the disposal of
industrial wastes). Unknown wastes have been
dumped at the site since the mid-1950s. The
limited records kept indicate that several types
of hazardous waste were dumped, including
toxic chemicals, metals, and carcinogenic
materials. Information on the quantity and
location of wastes in the landfill was also limited.
Citizen complaints prompted air monitoring in
the vicinity of the landfill, and during the 1970s
and 1980s, air quality monitoring identified the
presence of organic chemicals, but at
nonhazardous levels.
Actions:
to September 1984, the site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL). OSDH conducted
several onsite investigations between 1984 and
1987. Samples were collected from air, water,
and soil to determine if significant pollutant
concentrations were present. Sampling
performed in conjunction with the remedial
investigation identified numerous organic and
inorganic pollutants. The total volume of waste
was estimated to be 620,000 cubic yards.
Twelve inorganic priority pollutants and 33
organic priority pollutants were detected. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting a
shallow aquifer and overlying soil include
inorganics (e.g., zinc, lead, copper, barium,
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Compass Industries, Region 6
(Continued)
chromium) and organics (e.g., benzene,
benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene,
chlordane, and bis-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate).
The feasibility study for this site was completed
by OSDH in July 1987. After a 2-month
comment period, the Record of Decision (ROD)
was signed on September 29, 1987. EPA
selected the following remedies for this site:
installation of a RCRA cap; site grading to
encourage runoff and prevent erosion; surface
water diversion to reduce overland flows;
collection and treatment of surface water before
discharge into the Arkansas River; air emissions
monitoring; installation of security fences and
warning signs; and implementation of ground-
water and air monitoring analysis programs.
In mid-1988, EPA installed a fence around the
site and placed warning signs around its
perimeter. The construction phase began in
1989, and a multilayer RCRA cap was completed
in 1990. Final seeding of the site took place in
1991. Post-remediation operation and
maintenance have been implemented at this site
since October 1991. Environmental and
performance monitoring are conducted on the
ground water, surface water, and sediment.
More than 4 years of monitoring (leachate,
surface water, and gas vents) have shown that
the contaminants are not present at
concentrations greater than the action levels.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Crystal City Airport, Region 6
Crystal City, Texas
Status:
EPA, in consultation with the State of Texas,
has determined that all appropriate response
actions required to ensure the protectiveness of
human health and the environment at this site
have been implemented and no further response
action is warranted at this time. The only
activities to be performed at the site are
monitoring and operation and maintenance
activities. The site was proposed for deletion
from the National Priorities List (NPL) on
January 4, 1995. The site is still in limited use
by a local airport.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial activities conducted at the site,
including the disposal of contaminated soil and
drums, have reduced the threat to nearby
residents and the environment. The remedial
action assured that the site could continue to
be used as an airport The airport was reopened
to the public following general refurbishment
Background:
The Crystal City Airport (CCA) site, comprising
approximately 120 acres, is located in Northwest
Crystal City, in Zavala County, Texas. In 1991,
the population of Crystal City was 8,000. The
economy of the region is dominated by
agriculture and oil and gas production. The
nearest residence and drinking water well are
300 feet away from the site. A municipal water
supply well and two schools are within 1/4 mile
of the site. A closed municipal landfill, also
owned by Crystal City, is directly adjacent to
the airport to the northeast.
CCA began operations during World War II as a
military installation. In 1949, the U.S.
Government deeded the airport to Crystal City.
Since then, the city has operated the facility as
a municipal airport. Several private aerial
pesticide application companies conducted
business at the airport until 1982; all are now
out of business. Upon declaring bankruptcy,
these former operators abandoned various
equipment and numerous deteriorated drums
onsite. On April 25, 1983, the Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC)
investigated the site because of the potential
threat to local residents of waste pesticides left
at the site by these companies. Surficial soil at
the site was found to be highly contaminated
with pesticides. The airport was closed to the
public in 1987.
Actions:
On October 31, 1983, as part of an immediate
removal action initiated by EPA, 40 cubic yards
of waste and more than 50 drums were
consolidated into two temporary onsite disposal
cells, mixed with lime, and capped with clay. In
May 1984, in a second removal action, EPA
disposed of 19 drums offsite and secured the
site with a fence and posted signs. In 1988,
EPA repaired the fence and reposted signs.
Approximately 12,000 cubic yards of surface soil
were contaminated with pesticides including:
DDT, toxaphene, and arsenic. Samples of the
drinking water and air did not contain any
detectable contamination. The site was added
to the NPL on May 20, 1986. The remedial
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Crystal City Airport, Region 6
(Continued)
investigation (RI) and feasibility study (FS) were
completed in June and July of 1987,
respectively. The Record of Decision (ROD) was
signed on September 28, 1987. The selected
remedy for the site included: onsite
consolidation of contaminated soil, drums, and
buildings; installation of a multilayer RCRA cap
to minimize the migration of contaminants by
rainfall and erosion; decontamination of
buildings; offsite injection well disposal of
decontamination liquids; long-term (30-year)
monitoring; installation of security fencing; and
periodic inspections of the site with maintenance
as necessary. All cleanup actions have been
completed and no further action is necessary,
except for monitoring and operation and
maintenance activities.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Dixie Oil Processors, Inc., Region 6
Harris County, Texas
Status:
All site construction activities and remediation
have been completed. Long-term monitoring
and operation and maintenance of the site will
be implemented by the Dixie Oil Processors
(DOP) task force, under the direction of EPA.
Results and Benefits:
After the contamination was removed, the entire
site was regraded and vegetated to promote
drainage and to minimize surface runoff.
Protection of ground water has been achieved
through removal of sources of contamination.
Risks to human health have been minimized by
imposing permanent site controls, including
deed notices and restrictions, and by restricting
access to the site.
Background:
This site consists of approximately 26.6 acres
located along Dixie Farm Road, about 20 miles
southeast of the City of Houston, Texas, in
Harris County. DOP has had several owners
since 1969. In 1978, DOP began oil recovery
operations on the parcel south of Dixie Farm
Road, converting liquid organic wastes such as
phenolic tars and glycol cutter stock to
creosotes, fuel oil extenders, and other
petroleum products. DOP stores wastes onsite
before disposing of or recycling them. Previous
owners have operated olefin washing and copper
recovery processes on the parcel north of Dixie
Farm Road. Methylene chloride, 1,1,2-
trichloroethane, and copper have been found in
the ground-water wells in the vicinity of the six
surface impoundments. The area surrounding
the site is basically vacant, with a lone
residential subdivision located to the north of
the site.
Actions:
EPA issued a unilateral Administrative Order
to 12 respondents in July 1991, and Phase I
field activities began on March 26, 1992.
Approximately 1,750 tons of contaminated soils
and sludges from storage tanks were removed,
stored in roll-off containers, and sent offsite for
disposal. Also, concrete drainage swales were
installed, the flood control ditch was widened,
a concrete low flow channel was installed, and
the entire site was graded to promote drainage.
Approximately 250,000 gallons of liquids and
sludges were removed from old process vessels
and were also sent offsite for disposal. The
vessels were removed and sent offsite to a
smelting facility. Long-term monitoring, and
operation and maintenance of the site will be
implemented by the DOP task force, under the
direction of EPA.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Geneva Industries/Fuhnnann Energy, Region 6
Harris County, Texas
Status:
EPA and the Texas Water Commission (TWC)
declared all site construction activities
substantially complete on July 1, 1993. The
ground-water remedial action was scheduled for
completion in November 1993. Current
monitoring and maintenance activities are being
performed under the direction of the TWC. The
site is currently unoccupied, and access is
restricted.
Results and Benefits:
Risk to human health from direct exposure has
been eliminated by removal of wastes, capping
the site, and by limiting site access using a
chain-link fence with barbed wires along the site
perimeter. Treated ground water will be
discharged from the site in accordance with the
limits specified in the Federal and State surface
water quality regulations. The site has no
potential future use other than as a closed waste
management unit.
Background:
This site is a 13-acre abandoned petrochemical
manufacturing and reprocessing plant, located
at 9334 Canniff Road in Houston, Harris
County, Texas. The site was used for petroleum
exploration prior to 1967, and for chemical
production under two owners from 1967 to
1984. The chemicals that were manufactured
included biphenyl, poiychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB), phenyl phenol, naphtha, and Nos. 2 and
6 fuel oils. The current owner salvaged
equipment from the site until 1985.
As a result of past practices at the site, extensive
soil and shallow ground-water contamination
occurred. Prior to removal, surface soils had
PCB contamination levels as high as 12,200
parts per million (ppm).
This area of Houston, adjacent to the city of
South Houston, is heavily populated, and light
industry is located nearby. Approximately
35,000 people live within 1 mile of the site, and
the nearest residence is 50 feet away. The
nearest drinking water weE is about 1/4 mile
southwest of the site.
Actions:
A removal action was conducted by SPA during
the period from October 17, 1983, to February
3, 1984, to close out three onsite lagoons,
remove all drummed waste on the surface,
remove all offsite soils containing greater than
50 ppm PCBs, install a cap over all onsite soils
containing greater than 50 ppm PCBs, and
improve drainage. The TWC issued a notice to
proceed with remediation on May 23,1988, and
field activities began on May 24, 1988. At the
completion of the source control remedial
construction in September 1989, approximately
62,290 tons (38,900 cubic yards) of
contaminated material had been disposed of
offsite. A cap that met or exceeded the
requirements for a RCRA-type cap/cover system
was constructed over the remaining onsite soils.
A chain-link fence with barbed wires was
constructed along the site perimeter. The
ground-water remedial action was scheduled for
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Geneva Industries/Fuhrmann Energy, Region 6
(Continued)
completion in November 1993, and includes a
10-year treatment phase for recovery and
treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) from the
ground water. Post-remediation operation and
maintenance (O&M) will be implemented at the
site. General long-term ground-water
monitoring and O&M will be performed under
the direction of the TWC.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Harris (Farley St.) Site, Region 6
Houston, Texas
Status:
EPA determined that the responsible party had
implemented appropriate remedial response
actions. The property was returned to use as
part of a nonhazardous materials landfill. The
site was deleted from the National Priorities List
(NPL) in March 1988.
Results and Benefits:
Because the action completely removed the
contamination source, ground water was not
monitored after the removal, and institutional
or operational controls were not considered
necessary to ensure future integrity of the
cleanup. EPA concluded that the site no longer
posed threats from chemical contamination.
The responsible party paid for the entire cleanup
of the site.
Background:
The Harris (Farley Street) site, a 2-acre
abandoned landfill, was leased in 1958 by a
transporter to act as a disposal facility for
chemical wastes. Accumulated wastes were
periodically burned, leaving a charred residue.
Following complaints, a thin layer of soil was
placed over the disposal area in 1959. One
thousand tons of tars and sludges from local
chemical industries were disposed of in two
trenches, each 120 by 40 feet, over the course
of several years.
When the property was sold in 1975, the new
owner gave the land to his daughter, who then
constructed a house on the abandoned disposal
area. The buried waste was discovered during
the construction of a pool in 1981. In 1982, the
house was destroyed by fire.
The soil was contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although the soil at the
site was contaminated, no contamination of the
ground water was found.
Actions:
In 1985, an EPA Enforcement Decision
Document instructed the responsible party to
remove all hazardous substances and dispose
of them in an offsite, privately owned landfill.
From 1986 to 1988, the responsible party
excavated noncontaminated soils and
stockpiled them, excavated contaminated
wastes and disposed of them in a federally
approved landfill, and sampled the area.
Measurements of total extractable organics
(TEOs) were used to determine levels of soil
contamination. Background level was defined
as from 0 to 10 parts per million (ppm), with a
detection limit of less than 2 ppm. Background
levels of TEOs were present in 54 of 57 soil
samples collected after the removal; levels were
slightly above background in three samples.
Because the action completely removed the
contamination source, it was turned over to a
disposal company to become part of a Class IV
nonhazardous landfill, which now borders the
site on two sides. A sandpit that lies to the south
of the site is also scheduled to become a landfill,
once the sand has been removed.
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462
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Highlands Acid Pit, Region 6
Highlands, Texas
Status:
All site construction activities and remediation
were completed at the Highlands Acid Pit site
on July 15, 1987. Long-term monitoring and
operation and maintenance of the site are being
implemented. The site, located in a 10-year
floodplain, has been fenced to restrict use. The
surrounding area is used for recreational
activities.
Results and Benefits:
Risk to human health from direct exposure has
been reduced by limiting site access using fence
along the site perimeter. The source control
(excavation and offsite disposal of contaminated
soil) has been completed, and the site is
protective of human health and the
environment. However, monitoring is being
continued to ensure that no future threat exists
at the site.
Background:
This site is located 16 miles east of Houston on
a 6-acre peninsula in Harris County, Texas. The
site is bordered on the west and south by the
San Jacinto River, on the north by a wooded
area, and on the east by a sand pit. The site
lies within the 10-year flood plain and has
subsided about 2 feet since 1964. The nearest
residence is about 1/2 mile from the site. Twelve
water wells also exist within a 1-mile radius of
the site. The land use is primarily residential
and recreational.
An unknown quantity of industrial waste sludge
was disposed of at the site in the 1950s. The
sludge is believed to be spent sulfuric wastes
from a refinery process. The upper sand aquifer
has been heavily contaminated with heavy
metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
but no private or public wells currently withdraw
water from it.
In September 1978 (initiated by a telephone
complaint), waste sludge, sediment, and
stormwater samples were collected by the Texas
Natural Resource Conservation Commission
(TNRCC). The stormwater samples and leachate
from the waste sludge samples were found to
have low pH, low concentrations of heavy metals,
and high levels of chemical oxygen demand and
total organic carbon. During June 1981, six
soil borings were conducted; three were
completed as monitoring wells. In October 1981,
ground-water samples were collected, and
VOCs and heavy metals were detected. EPA
emergency response personnel secured the
disposal site by constructing a perimeter fence
to prevent illegal dumping and to protect the
monitoring wells. In 1985, EPA repaired the
fence and posted warning signs.
Actions:
The field investigation, completed in April 1983,
showed extensive contamination across the site.
However, offsite impacts of the contamination
were extremely limited. Also, no measurable
impact on surrounding surface water quality
was found. Results indicated that the upper
aquifer was highly contaminated with benzene
and some metals. Based on the sampling
results, the site was added to the National
Priorities List (NPL) on September 8, 1983.
463
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Highlands Acid Pit, Region 6
(Continued)
The remedy selected in the June 25, 1984,
Record of Decision (ROD), for control of the
source of contamination was: extensive
excavation and offsite disposal of highly
contaminated soil; backfilling, grading, seeding,
and fencing of the site; and installing monitoring
wells. Approximately 33,000 tons of excavated
materials were disposed of at a hazardous waste
disposal site. The primary contaminants of
concern addressing ground water include VOCs
and heavy metals.
The recommended remedial action in the
ground-water ROD of June 26, 1987, included
a no action remedy with long-term ground-
water, surface water, and sediment monitoring
because the contaminants of concern were not
detected at levels that constitute a human health
or environmental threat. Ground-water
monitoring to date has indicated that no further
remedial action is needed. No health risks are
anticipated, because the source control is
completed. However, ground-water monitoring
is being continued to ensure that no further
threat exists at the site.
464
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Industrial Waste Control, Region 6
Jenny Lind, Arkansas
,
Status:
The Industrial Waste Control (IWC) site is a
closed industrial waste landfill. All site
construction and remediation activities were
completed at the site in 1990. Long-term
monitoring and operation and maintenance of
the site have been implemented.
Results and Benefits:
Removal of contaminated materials, installation
of barriers to prevent water movement, and other
cleanup actions have eliminated the threat to
human health and the environment from this
site. Also, ground-water monitoring and site
maintenance activities will ensure that the
remedy remains protective of human health and
the environment.
Background:
This 8-acre site is a closed and covered industrial
waste landfill. This site is located in a rural
area, with 18 homes within 1/2 mile, and the
nearest residence and well within 200 feet. The
surrounding area is primarily pasture land and
low density residential areas.
The site is located in an abandoned coal strip
mine that was used for local dumping.
Landfilling operations began in the late 1960s
and primarily dealt with municipal refuse and
debris, and industrial trash. The site operated
under a temporary permit issued by the State
from November 1971 to May 1974 when it was
fully permitted for the disposal of liquid wastes,
solids, and sludges. The site received a variety
of liquid wastes, including methylene chloride,
phenols, cresylic acid, and paints. In addition,
the site potentially contains as many as 9,000
buried drums.
At least two earthen surface impoundments
were constructed for the disposal of bulk liquids
and for use as evaporation ponds. It was alleged
that due to heavy rains in the area during March
of 1977, the surface impoundments overflowed
and contaminated a local pond and pastures
north of the site resulting in a fish kill and the
death of several cattle. Consequently, the site
was closed, covered, and recontoured by the
State in 1978.
Four areas of contamination have been identified
at the site. Approximately 19,500 cubic yards
of contaminated soil are located in two areas.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soils, sediments, ground water, and surface
water are volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
including toluene, organics, and heavy metals,
including lead, arsenic, and chromium.
Actions:
By late 1978, EPA had begun to investigate the
site, and preliminary assessments were
conducted in 1980 and 1981. In December
1982, the site was added to the National
Priorities List (NPL). EPA completed the remedial
investigation (RI) and endangerment assessment
(EA) in March 1986. The greatest threat of
contamination was determined to be from the
migration of ground water through the landfill
with the resultant leaching of organics and
heavy metals. The first feasibility study (FS)
46S
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Industrial Waste Control, Region 6
(Continued)
was completed in June 1986. Based on a
hydrogeologic and waste quantification study
conducted by the Potentially Responsible Parties
(PRPs), EPA revised the EA and FS in April 1988.
The Record of Decision (ROD) was signed on
June 28, 1988.
Because the site was not being used, there was
no immediate risk from human contact with
polluted soil or water. However, future use of
the site or future migration of contaminants was
of concern. No contaminants existed in usable
water sources, although it was possible that
buried drums would disintegrate in the ground,
releasing additional wastes that could have
percolated through the soil and threatened
ground water. A major concern was the
possibility of ground-water contamination
spreading through the interconnections between
the extensive underground mine workings to the
north and the surface strip mine under the site.
The remedies selected for this site included:
categorization of solid and liquid wastes;
excavation of about 3,000 liquid-filled drums
for offsite disposal; excavation and onsite
stabilization of about 20,000 cubic yards of soil
with onsite disposal of residual matrix in an
excavation pit; installation of a french drain
along the south, west, and east sides of the site
with a synthetic liner or other barrier, such as a
slurry wall; surface water diversion using
ditches and berms; extraction of ground water
for offsite treatment, mixture with contaminated
soil and stabilized onsite, or treatment in an
onsite facility with discharge to be determined
during design; multi-layer RCRA capping to
cover the area bound by the french drain system
and the northern site border; installation of a
fence to limit site access and impose land use
restrictions; and ground-water monitoring. All
site cleanup activities were completed in 1990.
The final inspection was completed on March
29,1991, and the project was certified complete
as of that date.
466
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Midland Products, Region 6
Tell County, Arkansas
Status:
All construction site activities have been
completed. The contaminated soils and sludges
have been excavated and treated with a portable
incinerator that was erected onsite. The item
remaining for final site closure is the continued
operation and maintenance of the pump and
treatment phase of the contaminated shallow
ground water, which should take 3 to 5 years to
complete. The site is currently unoccupied.
Results and Benefits:
Contaminated soils and sludges have been
excavated and treated onsite, which eliminates
the potential for direct exposure to hazardous
materials at the site as well as eliminating future
threats to ground water and surface water.
Drinking water sources have been protected.
After the pump and treatment phase of the
contaminated shallow ground water, the site will
be re-evaluated to determine whether it is safe
for unrestricted use.
Background:
This site consists of 38 acres located
approximately 1/2 mile east of the City of Ola,
Arkansas, in Yell County. Midland Products
operated a wood treating facility and sawmill at
this location from at least 1969 (possibly as early
as 1960) to 1979. The company is now bankrupt
and the site has been abandoned. The site was
contaminated with pentachlorophenol,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and
creosote from past activities, especially in the
3-acre area where the wood treatment facilities
.and liquid waste lagoons are located. Low levels
of less toxic types of dioxins and furans were
also detected on the site. The ash from the soil
treatment was backfilled onsite, and covered
with 6 inches of clay and 4 inches of top soil.
The contaminated surface water and lagoon
liquids were also treated and discharged at the
site.
Approximately 1,500 people live within a 4-mile
radius of the site, with 190 of those located in
the immediate vicinity. A home adjoins the
southwest corner of the site; the nearest
drinking well is 400 feet west and residents
within a 3-mile radius depend on private wells.
The Petit Jean State Wildlife Management Area
is located upriver approximately 1 mile north of
the site.
Actions:
Based on the hazards posed by the lagoons and
contaminated soils, the site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) on July 16, 1984.
The Record of Decision (ROD) was signed on
March 24,1988, and remediation began in May
1991. Currently, all site construction has been
completed. The contaminated soils and sludges
have been excavated and treated with a portable
incinerator that was erected on site. The
ground-water pump and treatment system is in
place, and the only remaining site activity
consists of operating and maintaining this
system. The water is pumped through a carbon
adsorption filter and discharged after treatment
to an adjacent drainage/runoff ditch. This
activity is estimated to take 3 to 5 years to
complete. The recovery well system and water
467
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Midland Products, Region 6
(Continued)
treatment plant will operate continuously and
will be monitored a minimum of 20 hours per
week until the ground-water cleanup goals are
achieved.
468
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Mid-South Wood Products, Region 6
Mena, Arkansas
Status:
The soil cleanup phase of the remedial actions
has been completed, and the ground-water
recovery and treatment system has been built
and is currently operating. EPA will review the
effectiveness of the remedy every 5 years. The
first 5-year review was scheduled to be
conducted in 1993. The site is currently an
active wood processing plant.
Results and Benefits:
The 5,700 people served by drinking water wells
risked exposure to contaminated ground water.
These residents have now been connected to an
uncontaminated public water supply. The threat
to valuable stream fisheries located near the site
has been addressed by the selected remedies.
Consolidating and capping the contaminated soil
and installing surface drainage systems and
sumps will significantly reduce the potential for
further surface- water contamination.
Background:
The Mid-South Wood Products site is an active
wood processing plant in Mena, Arkansas. Of
the 57 acres owned by the company, only 10
acres were affected by contamination. Waste
products including pentachlorophenol, creosote,
arsenic, and chromium from operations
conducted from 1967 to 1977 by a former owner
have contaminated surface waters. The
abandoned plant area included an old treatment
plant, two waste ponds, a landfill, the north and
south landfarms, and Clear Lake.
Contamination occurred both onsite and offsite
in soils, surface water, and ground water.
The small Old Pond received pentachlorophenol
(PCP) and creosote waste from the wood
treatment. Materials from the Old Pond were
spread over the landfarm areas. Clear Lake had
received runoff from all the areas.
Actions:
Investigation of the plant began in 1976 when
several fish kills were reported downstream of
the site. The ground water and soil were found
contaminated with PCP, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals
including arsenic and chromium. About 5,700
people served by drinking water wells within 1
mile of the site risked exposure to contaminated
ground water. As a result, residents were
connected to an uncontaminated public water
supply.
The selected remedies included excavating,
consolidating, and stabilizing contaminated soils
and placing them in the north landfarm area
and covering this area with a clay cap to keep
out water. Free oil, liquids, or sludges were
located in the Old Pond area and stabilized.
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470
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Pagano Salvage, Region 6
Los Lunas, New Mexico
Status:
The initial emergency action is determined to
have removed contamination at the site, and no
further remedial activities are needed. There
are no institutional controls on the site, and
reuse is likely. The site was deleted from the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1992.
Results and Benefits:
Through initial emergency removal actions, the
health threats by ingestion or inhalation of the
contaminated soil and the potential threat to
ground water have been removed. Property
values for this site have returned to full market
value. The site is currently unoccupied.
Background:
A family-operated salvage facility was on this 1-
acre site since the early 1960s. Some materials
included transformers, capacitors, and drums.
In 1983, the operators used transformer oil
containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to
burn insulation off salvaged electrical wire.
This residential site is fenced on three sides,
with an irrigation ditch along the rear of the
site. Surface water near the site is used to
irrigate croplands. Public and private wells
within 3 miles of the site supply about 11,000
people.
Actions:
In September 1984, the New Mexico
Environmental Improvement Division (NMEID)
inspected the Pagano Salvage site. They found
levels of PCBs exceeding the EPA's action level
of 50 ppm over most of the property to depths
extending from 1 to 2 1/2 feet.
The operator determined that the source of PCB
contamination was from one "lot" of salvage
purchased from Sandia National Laboratories
(SNL) in mid-1983. When SNL was notified of
the PCB-contaminated lot, it subsequently
removed the capacitors from the Pagano Salvage
Yard in June 1985 and sampled the rest of the
drums in that lot. When the analysis confirmed
PCBs in the drums as well, SNL removed the
contaminated drums at a later date.
In September 1985, EPA Region 6 sampled the
soil to assess the immediate threat to public
health, welfare, and the environment. The site
was proposed for inclusion on the NPL in June
1988.
EPA's Emergency Response Branch (ERB) began
on-site removal operations on June 20, 1989.
Notice letters were sent to seven identified
potentially responsible parties (PRPs), allowing
them the opportunity to participate in the
removal action. The PRPs declined to undertake
the removal action; however, some expressed
an interest in funding the action. Consequently,
a preliminary agreement was negotiated,
whereby EPA would conduct the cleanup and
the PRPs would eventually reimburse EPA for
total project costs.
The entire site was excavated to a depth of 10
inches below the original grade and samples
from each grid were analyzed onsite. Additional
471
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Pagano Salvage, Region 6
(Continued)
core sampling revealed PCB and pesticide and disposal of material offsite. Approximately
contamination at depths of more than 6 feet. 5,100 tons of soil and debris were disposed of
Because ground water was possibly within 5 feet offsite and approximately 4,900 cubic yards of
of the surface, these findings were cause for "native* soil were restored to the site.
concern. The removal action was expanded to
continue the sampling/excavation procedure
472
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Pesses Chemical Company, Region 6
Fort Worth, Texas
Status:
Emergency response actions were conducted by
EPA in 1983. The site was listed on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1986, and subsequent
cleanup actions were completed in 1992. The
site will be inspected every 5 years to review the
effectiveness of the remedy because hazardous
materials remain onsite. The site currently
contains a facility for reclaiming metals from
electronics components.
Results and Benefits:
Remediation of the site has successfully
controlled contaminant migration to
surrounding properties. Consolidation of
contaminated onsite and offsite materials and
their subsequent stabilization have alleviated a
potential source of health risk. The potential
health threat posed by airborne contaminants
to workers in the nearby freight yard, area
residents, and patients at a neighboring
rehabilitation center has been averted.
Disposing of all contaminated materials under
a concrete cap and covering other areas with
concrete have enabled the reuse of the entire
site. The northern portion of the 4.2-acre site
is currently being used by a metals reclamation
facility. Operators report that they are using
the concrete cover in that section as a staging
area for computers brought in for salvage.
Although it is not currently in use, the concrete
cap in the southern section of the site is also
available.
Background:
In mid-June 1979, the Pesses Chemical
Company of Solon, Ohio, began operating a
metals reclamation business in Fort Worth,
Texas, without construction or operating
permits required by the State. The operation
reclaimed cadmium and nickel from off-
specification dry cell batteries and waste metals
sludges. The property, located in a light
industrial and commercial area, was divided into
northern and southern sections. Pesses'
operations were conducted in a fence-enclosed
portion of the triangular lot. The process area
included a metal warehouse containing
equipment, a baghouse, two underground
sumps, and an unprotected storage yard with a
concrete pad. The northernmost section of the
site included an office building, brick
warehouse, and asphalt parking lot. An
abandoned field comprised the southern portion
of the site.
to July and August 1979, high-level cadmium
emissions prompted investigations by both the
city and State air pollution control offices. The
operators temporarily halted activities so that
the appropriate permits could be obtained. Once
work resumed, however, subsequent emission
measurements indicated cadmium
concentrations as high as 29 times the permitted
limit. When the parent company filed for
bankruptcy to January 1981, operations at the
Fort Worth facility were discontinued.
Approximately 1,500 to 2,000 deteriorating 55-
gallon drums, metal sludges, and empty battery
473
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Pesses Chemical Company, Region 6
(Continued)
casings were abandoned on the property. In
March 1983, cadmium oxide fumes that formed
during a grass fire at the site caused one
firefighter to be hospitalized. In April 1983, EPA
followed up on the incident and began a removal
action. Heavy metal contamination of airborne
dust and surface water runoff were the primary
threats identified.
The closest residential districts are located
approximately 1/2 mile to the east and 3/4 mile
southwest. An outpatient drug rehabilitation
center with outdoor facilities borders the site
on the north side. The immediate eastern and
southern borders are occupied by the Union
Pacific Kailyard. Five schools are located within
a 1-mile radius of the site, and approximately
20,000 people work and/or live within 1 mile of
the site.
Actions:
Initial actions toward the cleaning of the Pesses
Chemical Company site began in April 1983
when EPA removed 3,400 cubic yards of
contaminated topsoil, drums, wastes, and
debris. To prevent exposure to the contaminated
soils, a temporary cap was installed over the
south storage yard. Soil analysis conducted by
EPA indicated extensive lead, cadmium, copper,
and nickel contamination. Further investigation
showed an offsite migration of contaminants,
including migration toward a property adjacent
to the rehabilitation center.
In 1988, the Pesses Chemical Company and six
generators also identified as responsible parties
installed a fence around the northern section of
the property. On September 14,1991, the Texas
Water Commission (TWC), as the lead agency,
issued the notice to proceed with the
remediation. The final remedial alternative
chosen was insitu stabilization and capping.
Workers excavated and consolidated
approximately 1,800 cubic yards of offsite soil
and 9,000 cubic yards of onsite waste in the
south field located directly behind the storage
yard. The combined materials were treated in
place and stabilized. After reshaping the
resultant mound, the area was covered with an
80-milthick textured HDPE top liner followed
by an 8-inch-thick, double-reinforced, steel
concrete cap. The fenced areas around the metal
warehouse and storage yard in the southern
section of the site and the area around the office
building in the northern section were also
covered with concrete. The metal warehouse
and some miscellaneous equipment were
decontaminated. The decontaminated metal
equipment was sent offsite to be melted down
for reuse. Contaminated wash water was used
in the contaminated soil compaction and
stabilization activities. EPA, TWC, and the
oversight engineer conducted the final
inspection for the site on September 15,1992.
474
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Sol Lynn/Industrial Transformers, Region 6
Houston, Texas
Status:
Remediation of contaminated soil was completed
in March 1993. Construction of the ground-
water treatment facility was completed in
September 1993. Ground-water remediation is
expected to continue through September 2003.
The site is used for various commercial
operations.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated immediate
threats to human health and the environment
by removing contaminated soil which presented
a direct contact and ingestion hazard and
treating contaminated ground water which
posed a potential ingestion hazard. Future
contamination of surrounding soils and ground
water has also been prevented.
Background:
The Sol Lynn/Industrial Transformers site is a
2-acre facility located in Houston, Texas. From
approximately 1965 to the late 1970s, the site
was used by the Industrial Transformer
Company as an electrical transformer cleaning
and recycling facility. The site was leased from
1979 to 1980 to Sila-King, a chemical supply
company that bought used drums for resale.
As a result of both businesses' operations,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were released
into the ground, and trichloroethylene (TCE) was
released into the ground water.
In 1981, strong odors originating from the site
prompted investigations that revealed
approximately 75 punctured TCE drums
scattered about the property. Subsequent
analytical samples collected at the site identified
PCB contamination in the top 2 feet of the soil
and TCE contamination in the two uppermost
water-bearing zones.
The area around the site is a mix of commercial,
residential, and light industrial communities.
Approximately 2,100 people live within a 1-mile
radius of the site. Four City of Houston drinking
water wells and four private drinking water wells
that serve more than 10,000 people are located
within 3 miles of the site.
Actions:
fa 1989, parties potentially responsible for site
contamination installed a fence around the site
to limit direct access to hazardous chemicals.
Site remediation was divided into two parts. The
first part, began in May 1991, consisted of the
excavation and onsite chemical dechlorination
of 2,400 cubic yards of contaminated soils. Due
to unforeseen side affect of the dechlorination
unit on the soil, the soil treatment was
discontinued, and the soil was disposed of in
an approved landfill. Soil remediation was
completed in March 1993.
The second part of the site remediation consisted
of pumping approximately 3.2- million gallons
of contaminated ground water to a treatment
facility where TCE would be removed from the
water via air stripping and granulated activated
carbon filters. Construction of the treatment
facility began in February 1993 and was
completed in September 1993. Ground-water
remediation is on-going.
4.7!*
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Page Intentionally Blank
476
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Stewco, Inc., Region 6
Waskom, Texas
Status:
The Stewco Inc. site is an abandoned industrial
site. Based on the effectiveness of an initial
removal action, no further action is necessary
at the site. Additionally, no long-term
monitoring is needed.
Results and Benefits:
Removal activities have reduced the potential
for exposure to hazardous substances at the site
to the target risk range set in the National
Contingency Plan (NCP). The removal of
contaminated waters and sludges from onsite
ponds, followed by backfilling and capping of
the pond disposal area prevents infiltration and
surface water exposure, and eliminates the
potential threat to the public from direct contact
with any residual contamination that may
remain onsite.
Background:
The 2.5-aere Stewco site, located in a mixed
residential, commercial, and industrial zone,
consists of two nonadjacent locations that are
about 1-mile apart. Location 1 is a 1/2-acre
plot that includes a maintenance shop with
fueling facilities, a truck-tank washing facility,
and two backfilled and capped evaporation
ponds that received wastewater from the tank
washing operation. Location 2 consists of a third
pond that received excess wastewater conveyed
by truck from the evaporation ponds at location
1. Land close to the site is used for limited
grazing of livestock Approximately 3,300 people
live within 3 miles of the site and use ground-
water wells for drinking water; 50 homes are
within 1/2 mile of location 1; and 30 homes are
within 1/2 mile of location 2.
The previous owner contracted with the oil and
gas industry to haul glue, resin, gasoline, diesel
fuel, jet fuel, and creosote. Trucks were steam
cleaned between loads with an alkaline solution,
and the wash water was routed to a pond to
evaporate. In 1976, the former owner was
permitted for disposal of wastewater from the
truck washing operation. The Texas Water
Commission recorded numerous instances of
permit noncompliance, that included:
unauthorized discharges; ground-water
contamination; and inadequate operation of the
wastewater neutralization facility. After the site
was abandoned in 1983, the unlined ponds at
location 1 filled with rain water and began to
overflow their dikes.
Actions:
In April 1984, in response to the potential
collapse of the dikes, EPA treated and discharged
400,000 gallons of liquid wastes from location
1 and stabilized 5,500 cubic yards of sludges
for offsite disposal The pond disposal area was
then backfilled and capped. No removal action
took place at location 2 because the level of
contamination did not pose a risk to human
health and the environment. However, a fence
was constructed at the second location to restrict
access.
Based on the potential for site contaminants to
migrate to the Wilcox Aquifer (the drinking water
supply for the city of Waskom) the site was added
477
-------
Stewco, Inc.* Region 6
(Continued)
to the National Priorities List (NFL) on June 10, removal action, the residual contamination
1986. In 1988, EPA conducted investigations remaining in the soil, pond sediments, and
of potential offsite and active facilities that ground water posed no threat to public health
appeared to be contributing to ground-water or the environment. Therefore, no further action
contamination at the site. EPA determined that is necessary at the site. Additionally, long-term
based on the effectiveness of the previous monitoring will not be required.
478
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Triangle Chemical Company, Region 6
Bridge City, Texas
Status:
The completion requirements for this site have
been met. Confirmatory sampling has verified
that the Record of Decision (ROD) cleanup
objectives (removal of tanks, drums, containers,
and contaminated trash and aeration of soils)
have been achieved and cleanup actions
specified in the ROD have been implemented.
Currently, the site is inactive.
Results and Benefits:
Risk to human health from direct exposure to
contaminants has been reduced by limiting site
access using a chain-link fence with barb wires
along the site perimeter. Also, EPA has removed
or treated those materials where contamination
was detected to de minimis levels (levels which
no longer pose any threat to human health or
the environment).
Background:
The Triangle Chemical Company site is a 2.3-
acre tract located on Texas State Highway 87,
just north of the city limits of Bridge City, Texas.
This is a moderately populated residential area.
In 1991, 15 residences and 50 mobile homes
were within 1/4 mile of the site. The nearest
drinking water wells are more than 3 miles from
the site.
The Triangle Chemical Company operated a
chemical mixing and blending facility at this site
from the early 1970s until 1981. During the
company's operating period, various types of
industrial cleaning compounds, automobile
brake fluid, windshield washer solvents, hand
cleaners, and pesticides were produced. Raw
materials and finished products were stored
onsite in bulk surface storage tanks and 55-
gallon drums.
In 1981, following issuance of a temporary
injunction by the State, the company went
bankrupt and abandoned the site, leaving over
1,000 unlabeled drums. The air, ground water,
soil, surface water, and liquids in abandoned
tanks were contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and various acids. Ground
water in the aquifer under the site flows to the
northeast and discharges into Coon Bayou. The
concentration of contaminants in the air and
surface waters were low and did not likely pose
a threat to the nearby population.
Actions:
In 1982, EPA installed a 6-foot chain-link fence
to stop public access to the site. Drums were
removed, and contaminated soils were bulked
and solidified and then landfilled along with
equipment. The remedial investigation,
completed in April 1984, identified specific zones
of soil contamination that ranged from 1 to 6.5
feet deep. Also, the continued deterioration of
the abandoned storage tanks was identified as
a potential threat of further contamination. In
1985, the fence was repaired and expanded, a
drainage canal was dug, and about 1,000 gallons
of organic solvents, 170 cubic yards of
contaminated solids, and one drum of
triethylamine were removed.
Site remediation activities included the
following: liquids in storage tanks and drums
were incinerated offsite or injected into a deep
479
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Triangle Chemical Company, Region 6
(Continued)
well; storage tank sludges were landfllled offsite;
onsite structures were decontaminated; and
contaminated soils were plowed and aerated to
release contaminants. On March 12, 1987, a
final inspection was conducted. Results of soil
analysis indicated that VOCs in soil were
essentially reduced to background levels.
Modeling of the ground water indicated that the
contaminant concentrations in the shallow
ground-water aquifer would naturally attenuate
to meet drinking water quality within 12 to 20
years. A deed notice was placed in local land
records to notify potential purchasers of the
existence of contaminants in the upper aquifer.
Continued site operation and maintenance
activities that are performed include annual
inspections to ensure that erosion control
measures are effective, routine mowing, and
maintenance of the perimeter fence. Additional
ground-water sampling is also conducted to
monitor contaminant reductions in the
uppermost aquifer.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
American Thio-Chem Site, Region 6
Tarrant County, Texas
Status:
This site was representative of a classic
emergency removal action, according to EPA
descriptions. This removal action was completed
in 4 months from the time of its discovery.
Results and Benefits:
The threat of fire/explosion and the resulting
airborne pesticide/herbicide exposure to the
surrounding neighborhood were removed. The
former operator of this site, Roger Tannery, was
ordered to pay over $13 million in penalties for
failing to comply with toxic cleanup laws. This
involved nearly $1 million in cleanup costs and
$12.5 million in civil penalties. This was the
largest penalty assessed under the Superfund
program as of December 1992.
Background:
Drums and other containers in an abandoned,
condemned, unsecured warehouse were noticed
by police in 1988. The vandalized building,
formerly used by a veterinary medicine
fonnulator, contained three laboratories, three
formulation areas, and five storage areas. It
was later found to contain hundreds of drums
of pesticides, herbicides, ethers, and flammable
and corrosive materials such as laboratory
reagents, production samples, and products.
Over 300 drums and 10,000 containers of these
materials were found, along with 15 compressed
gas cylinders. EPA records indicate that over
69 tons of chemicals were stored at the site.
This multilevel building, near the historic Fort
Worth Stockyards, is in a neighborhood with
residences, an elementary school, and other
businesses.
Actions:
The regional support contractor and the
Technical Assistance Team (TAT) established 24-
hour site security, and identified and inventoried
the abandoned materials. Warning signs were
posted in English and Spanish. To safely
perform the removal operations and contain the
contents of the building, it was necessary to
improve its structural integrity by reinforcing
flooring and ceiling beams, and by rebuilding
staircases. By analyzing the Material Safety
Data Sheets (MSDSs) and formulation sheets,
the TAT and regional contractor were also able
to establish helpful contacts with many
suppliers. All the materials were suitably
treated, neutralized, incinerated, landfilled,
recycled, or deep-well injected.
Afil
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482
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Billing Smelter, Region 6
Socorro, New Mexico
Status:
Emergency actions under the Superfund
removal program have succeeded in
consolidating and capping the contamination
onsite.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy was cost-effective and
effectively mitigated the imminent and
substantial threats posed to human health and
the environment by this old smelter site,
particularly the risks of heavy metal exposure
to young children living in the residential areas
immediately adjacent to the site.
Background:
The Billing Smelter site operated for 11 years,
from 1883 to 1894. During its prime, this facility
was one of the largest ore reduction smelters in
the Southwest United States, processing up to
250 tons of ore containing lead, zinc, and silver
daily. The onsite remnants of the old facility
include the bases of three smoke stacks, water
reservoirs, small ore and coke piles, and 300,000
cubic yards of slag located on approximately 200
acres. Approximately 35,000 cubic yards of soil
were found to be contaminated with lead of
which approximately 12,000 cubic yards were
in direct contact with residential properties,
properties that were zoned residential, or
properties that directly bordered residential
properties. The Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry health consultation stated
that "this site should be considered as an
immediate health threat to the area residents
— especially young children."
Actions:
After considering several viable cleanup
alternatives, EPA determined the most practical
to be onsite consolidation of the slag and
contaminated soil within the slag pile. This
action included the removal of the contaminated
soil from the entire site, including residential
and vacant areas as well as the slag pile, for
consolidation entirely within the confines of the
site boundaries. After consolidation, the site
was fenced to restrict access, and a flexible
asphaltic erosion cap was placed on the
consolidated pile of contaminants. Although the
asphalt cap and access restrictions cannot be
considered permanent remedies, they have
effectively removed any immediate exposure
risks. The selected emergency remedy will be
consistent with a variety of more permanent
long-term remedial strategies that may be
developed for the site in the future.
483
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484
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
French Limited Site, Region 6
Crosby, Texas
Status:
The French Limited Task Group (FLTG) expected
to complete cleanup remedial activities by
August 1993 and cleanup of the ground water
by 1996. Ground-water and surface-water
treatment will continue until Texas water quality
standards are met. Ground-water monitoring,
however, will continue for 30 years to ensure
compliance with safety standards.
Results and Benefits:
Significant accomplishments have been
demonstrated at the French Limited site: 23
acres of wetland habitat have been planted and
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) have
funded all site cleanup costs.
In 1985, approximately 90 PRPs identified as
responsible for contaminating the site formed
the French Limited Task Group (FLTG). FLTG
provides oversight of the cleanup activities with
EPA and State officials. With input from both
FLTG and the community, EPA used a cost-
effective and expedient innovative technology
known as bioremediation to clean up the French
Limited site. This case was the first application
of bioremediation at a Superfund site as part of
a cleanup plan.
Cooperation between EPA, FLTG, and the State
of Texas proved vital in the expedition of both
site cleanup and restoration of the surrounding
wetlands area habitat. In 1989, after
collaborating with Superfund staff and the State
of Texas, FLTG agreed to finance the entire site
cleanup, reimbursing EPA and the Texas Water
Commission (TWC) for previous cleanup or
related costs. In addition, FLTG will plant and
maintain 23 acres of new wetlands near the site
in an effort to remedy the damage occurring to
wetlands resulting from contaminant migration.
Background:
The French Limited site is located in a rural area
2 miles southwest of the town of Crosby in
northeast Harris County, Texas. This 22.5-acre
site was previously used as a hazardous waste
disposal facility. Excavations made during
sandmining operations during the 1950s and
early 1960s created depressions that later
became lagoons for petrochemical wastes. From
1966 until 1972, area industries used the site
as a chemical byproduct disposal area,
dumping approximately 300,000 cubic yards of
petrochemical waste into an unlined 12-acre
lagoon. After repeated violations, the State of
Texas revoked the facility's operating permit in
1973.
Because the site is located 1 mile east of the
San Jacinto River and lies in the river's
floodplain, containment is one problem
associated with the site. Frequent flooding in
this area caused the waste lagoon to overflow,
resulting in contaminant migration to the
surrounding areas, one of which is a wetlands
area habitat. Contaminant migration was found
to have already damaged the wetlands area
habitat. In addition, the danger of potential
contaminant exposure exists for over 300
residents within 1 mile of the site, as weE as a
private well 1,500 feet from the site boundary.
48S
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French Limited Site, Region 6
(Continued)
Actions:
The State of Texas requested EPA intervention
when the Superfund program was activated in
1980. In 1982, in one of its first emergency
response actions, EPA stabilized the site by
consolidating wastes onsite and by building a
dike around the lagoon to contain the
contaminants. With the support of the State,
EPA supplied Federal funds to TWC to
investigate and determine the type and amount
of contamination, and to explore cleanup
options. TWC investigators found
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, and
hazardous organic compound contamination in
the surface water, sludges, and soil beneath the
lagoon.
Based on the results of the TWC investigation,
EPA proposed using onsite incineration to
destroy site contaminants. FLTG, however,
suggested using a new technology known as
bioremediation to destroy the site contaminants.
In 1987, EPA conducted a bioremediation test
and, thereby, concluded that bioremediation
was more cost-effective and as expeditious as
onsite incineration. Furthermore,
bioremediation utilizes naturally occurring
micro-organisms to neutralize contaminants,
and could be used to treat contaminants in the
lagoon, ground water, surface water, and soil.
After receiving public input, EPA decided in 1988
to use bioremediation to treat onsite waste.
Following treatment by bioremediation, the
lagoon water will be sent to an onsite water
treatment plant, clean soil will be mixed with
the decontaminated soil to fill the lagoon, and
the surface will be reseeded.
486
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Gramlich Residence Site, Region 6
Sebastian County, Arkansas
Status:
This removal action was completed in November
1988. Areas from which contaminated soils
were taken have been backfilled with clean soil.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of over 2,600 cubic yards of soil
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) above the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) mandated cleanup level of 10 ppm
effectively removed the imminent and
substantial public health threats in this
residential neighborhood. During the
investigative plan and subsequent removal
action, several innovative activities, previously
unused in Region 6, were demonstrated. These
activities included a multiphased air monitoring
program to protect residents and workers during
the removal; development of comprehensive
computer data bases for management of air and
soil samples; and the use of a full-service
command post during both the investigative and
removal phases. The Field Analytical Screening
Program (FASP) at the site supported the
extensive air and soil sampling and analysis
effort. The On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) found
the use of this command post setup valuable
and recommended that this strategy be used
for future time-critical removals.
Background:
A one-city-block area in Fort Smith, Arkansas,
was contaminated with PCBs as a result of
storage and spraying of PCB-containing oils from
1958 to 1970. Until recently, waste oil was
commonly sprayed on unpaved roads to control
dust emissions. In March 1982, however, the
Arkansas Department of Pollution Control
informed Region 6 that potential PCB
contamination existed at the Gramlich residence
due to improper storage and application of PCB
oils by the resident. At the time of his actions,
Mr. Gramlich, now deceased, apparently had no
knowledge of the harmful effects of PCBs
contained in the oil. Further, it appears that he
had taken the oil from his employer without the
employer's knowledge. Mr. Gramlich also was
reported to have mixed and applied PCB oil and
pentachlorophenol as a water-proofing solution,
as well as PCB oil and chlordane as a termaticide
under and around several homes in the area.
Wind and water facilitated the erosion/
mitigation of contamination downgradient of the
Gramlich residence.
In October 1982, the Arkansas Department of
Pollution Control and Ecology (ADPCE)
conducted a limited removal using the Governor
of Arkansas' Emergency Fund. In 1987, in an
effort to satisfy the regulatory statutes regarding
final disposition of potential Superfund sites
under legislation of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA), EPA conducted
sampling at this site. Results indicated that
additional action was warranted, due to PCB
levels up to 18,000 ppm still remaining. TSCA
mandates, a 10-ppm cleanup level for PCBs in
soil. This level was adapted as the cleanup goal
for this site.
Actions:
As a result of initial sampling results, EPA
Region 6 determined that a significant threat to
public health existed on this site and authorized
487
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Gramlich Residence Site, Region 6
(Continued)
an extensive site assessment of the area. To
achieve the necessary confidence in results, 2,453
soil samples were taken from the lots, drainage
pathways, and alleys associated with the site. Of
these samples, 276 (11 percent) had
concentrations greater than the cleanup standard
of 10 ppm. These samples were analyzed by the
Field Analytical Screening Program (FASP) at the
site. Over 2,600 cubic yards of contaminated soil/
debris were removed from 21 residential lots as
well as from associated unpaved alleys and surface
drainage ditches. This material was placed in 131
roll-off boxes and end dumps that were removed
from the site to a TSCA/ Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA)-approved facility.
During remediation, extensive air monitoring and
sampling activities were conducted. The presence
of the onsite laboratory was cited by the OSC as
being a significant benefit to effective completion.
After removal, the site was restored to "pre-
removal" conditions.
468
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Hastings Radiochemical Site, Region 6
Pearland, Texas
Status:
The removal actions at this site have been
completed, and the site is now fenced and posted
with warning signs denying public access.
Although this site did not score a high enough
rating to be placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL), a health advisory was issued by the
Centers for Disease Control in 1985. Follow-
up activities would be necessary to remove the
contaminated structure and the barrels of soil
remaining onsite.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of radioisotopes mitigated the direct
exposure threat to children who play in the yard
of a nearby residence. The potential for dispersal
of contaminants offsite, into the food chain and
the environment, was diminished. Unnecessary
radiation exposure to humans was also
mitigated.
The area is becoming less rural and more
suburban as additional homes are being built
in the area. The potential for beneficial use of
the land is clearly demonstrated by the efforts
of the current owner to subdivide the property
into smaller plots for development. Subdividing
the original site could allow uncontaminated
portions of the property to be used or resold
without deed restrictions.
Background:
Hastings Radiochemical, Inc. (HRI) was a
radiochemical processing facility under license
from the Texas Department of Health, Bureau
of Radiation Control (BRC), and was in operation
from 1965 until 1971. When HRI went out of
business, it left behind a contaminated building
and the adjacent soils, a contaminated septic
tank system, buried fuel tanks with radioactive
contaminants, and other contaminated
materials in several nearby locations.
In the mid-1970s, the Texas BRC identified
several instances of contamination in the area
that might have been linked to the Hastings
operation. Several other Superfund sites are
known to be linked to the Hastings operation.
A BRC survey conducted from May 2 through 3,
1984, indicated cesium "hot spots" (areas of high
concentration) with counts of gamma radiation
10 to 300 times above background in the nearby
residential area. HRI operated out of a
converted gasoline filling station on Texas
Highway 35 in Brazoria County, about 4 miles
south of Pearland, Texas. HRI constructed a
laboratory facility in the two garage bays where
cesium-137, americium-241, and other isotopes
were used in the formulation of radiographic
sources and radiochemicals. Radiological
hygiene during operation was apparently poor,
as soils around the building including the
unpaved parking lot, a residential lawn, drainage
ditches, and large portions of the building were
significantly contaminated with the isotopes.
The septic tank system and three buried fuel
tanks contained contamination. Highway
drainage ditches and surface soils in the area
were also contaminated. Cesium-137 had
migrated in the ditches as much as 1/4 mile
down gradient.
Approximately 35 feet north of the building was
a restaurant that shared a common unpaved
parking lot. The proximity of the restaurant to
489
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Hastings Radiochemical Site, Region 6
(Continued)
cesium-laden soils increased the threat of
contaminating foodstuffs. The building
occupied a corner lot on the entrance road to a
small residential subdivision. The nearest
residence to the site was approximately 100 feet
from the garage bays. Storm drainage from the
building flowed along a ditch less than 50 feet
from the residence.
Actions:
No identifiable Potentially Responsible Parties
(PRPs) were associated with this site. EPA's
decontamination of the site consisted of
knocking down sections of the filling station
building and collecting the debris along with the
contaminated soil, septic tank system, and fuel
storage system components. These components
were transported to a low level nuclear waste
facility in Beatty, Nevada, for disposal. The site
is now fenced and posted with warning signs
alerting the public to the dangers of the site.
Inside the fenced perimeter exists the old filling
station structure and some barrels of soil
generated by EPA activities onsite.
490
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Smith Company of Uvalde, Region 6
Zavala County, Texas
Status:
Serious threats to human health and the
environment prompted EPA to take this time-
critical removal action. This action required only
3 months to complete, and the site was never
placed on the National Priorities List (NPL). The
site is currently inactive.
Results and Benefits:
The threat to a major drinking water aquifer was
removed, as well as a threat to the general public
from inhalation or dermal contact with the
contaminated soil. Reuse of this site may be
hampered by liability concerns. Because of the
low population density and ready availability of
land, the former use of this site would likely
deter would-be purchasers. This action
demonstrated the usefulness of the Field
Analytical Screening Program (FASP) mobile
laboratory at the site. EPA also realized
significant savings in both time and money by
using this program.
Background:
This site, located approximately 1 mile west of
Batesville, Texas, was operated for
approximately 35 years by a formulator and
aerial applicator of pesticides. In late 1988, the
Texas Water Commission fTWC) informed EPA
Region 6 that significant pesticide
contamination, potentially threatening a major
drinking water aquifer, existed at this site. The
facility was in bankruptcy and was
nonoperational, but several hundred gallons of
pesticide formulations/concentrates and
flammable carrier "oils" in deteriorating 55-
gallon drums and surface storage tanks
remained onsite. In addition to these chemicals,
three unlined disposal pits were present on the
site and posed an imminent and substantial
threat to the drinking water in the area, as this
entire facility was located on a documented
aquifer recharge area. According to TWC files,
at least 67 different pesticides were formulated,
applied, or sold at the Smith Co. facility. Some
of these were toxaphene, malathion, methyl and
ethyl parathion, lindane, DDT, heptachlor, eldrin,
and DEF.
Actions:
An initial EPA survey of the site identified five
major areas of pesticide contamination, which
extended to a 22-foot depth in one pit. In
collaboration with the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), it was
determined that there was an extensive, severe,
and immediate threat to human health and the
environment.
Using the FASP mobile laboratory during the site
investigation minimized the time required for
sample analysis. Under EPA authority,
approximately 600 gallons of carrier "oils" and
halogenated pesticides were sent offsite to a
thermal destruction facility for disposal. The
nonhalogenated pesticides were treated onsite
(solidified). The top 18 inches (approximately
3,400 cubic yards) of contaminated soil/debris
and solidified nonhalogenated pesticides were
removed from the site to an approved hazardous
materials facility. Several tons of contaminated
metal were decontaminated and left onsite to be
sold by the bankruptcy officials. Because of its
proximity to one pit, one water well was plugged
491
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Smith Company of Uvalde, Region 6
(Continued)
to prevent contamination from migrating into a
deep aquifer through the well casing. Loss of
this well is not expected to pose a burden for
future use of the site because access to the city
water supply is available.
Fifteen 1-gallon containers of the pesticide
pentachlorophenol (PCP) remain in storage on
the site. This type of pesticide is a listed dioxin
waste (F027). An airplane hangar located on a
remote section of the site was secured and
modified into a Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) storage vault for this
material.
492
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REGION SEVEN
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Aidez Corporation, Region 7
Glenwood, Iowa
Status:
Immediate removal actions and two long-term
remedial phases directed at cleaning up
contaminated soils and ground water have been
completed. EPA is in the process of deleting
the site from the National Priorities List (NPL);
however, significant restrictions on site usage
and well water remain.
Benefits and Results:
The removal of wastes to a secure landfill and
the establishment of security measures at the
Aidex Corporation site removed the potential for
human contact with hazardous materials. The
site has been cleaned to concentration levels
compatible with its original industrial use;
contaminant levels prohibit certain other uses.
The site has been listed on the State of Iowa's
Registry of Hazardous Wastes or Hazardous
Substances Disposal Sites, which stipulates that
the reuse of the sites should not significantly
differ from the original use. Several reusable
metal buildings remain on the site.
The City of Glenwood is the current owner of
the site and expects issues concerning an EPA
lien against the property for cleaning costs to
be settled soon. Although the property cannot
be sold at this point, the city continues to
investigate the possibility of a new firm locating
at the site. In 1992, the responsible parties
agreed to a Consent Decree with the State which
included settlement money to cover cleanup
costs and future monitoring and site
maintenance.
Background:
In 1975, the Aidex Corporation began operating
a pesticide formulations and packaging facility
in a rural area north of Glenwood, Iowa.
Approximately 600 people live within 3 miles of
the site. Forty-two shallow domestic water wells
are within a 2-mile radius of site.
Processing operations on the 15-acre site
involved both liquid and dry agricultural
chemicals. Prior to a fire which destroyed the
liquid formulations building in November 1976,
contamination in surface soils was confined to
certain defined areas. The water used to
extinguish the fire, however, spread the
contamination to a larger area. Operations at
the Aidex Corporation continued on a reduced
scale until the company filed for bankruptcy 3
to 4 years later.
A concrete pit in the burned-out building
contained about 2 feet of contaminated water,
and a large underground storage tank also held
contaminated materials. In addition to soil and
surface water contamination, a shallow aquifer
underlying the site was also found
contaminated. The site was placed on the NPL
in 1983, and was the top priority site in Iowa at
that time.
Actions:
Immediate actions restricting access to the site
were initiated in late 1981, when the EPA
constructed a security fence around the site.
Subsequent investigations and studies of the
49K
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Aidex Corporation, Region 7
(Continued)
site led to a three-phased cleanup that targeted
ground-water and soil contamination. The first
phase, completed in 1983, focused on the
cleanup of surface contamination. EPA and the
Army Corps of Engineers supervised cleanup
work that consisted of gathering and placing
wastes in approved containers, storing wastes
that were spread throughout the yard, draining
and decontaminating a buried tank and a waste
pit, and constructing a drainage ditch around
the site to prevent excessive water from
infiltration.
The second and third phases involved removing
repacked drums and large amounts of debris
from the site, and cleaning all accessible
surfaces inside the buildings. These phases
were completed in 1984 and 1986, respectively.
EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers removed
20,608 cubic yards of contaminated soil and
buried wastes to a permitted disposal facility.
Regrading of the site began in the spring of 1987.
During that year, the State of Iowa also initiated
a sampling program to evaluate ground-water
conditions in on- and offsite wells. Sampling
episodes were conducted twice a year. Current
sources indicate that onsite wells should not be
used for drinking water.
In 1991, EPA concluded that the site posed no
further significant risks, and a site completion
report was finalized in 1992.
496
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Arkansas City Dump, Region 7
Arkansas City, Kansas
Status:
Construction of the remedy at the Arkansas City
Dump was completed in the summer of 1992.
The State is overseeing the operation and
maintenance required by the remedy. A 5-year
review will be conducted in 1997. The site
continues to support commercial and light
industrial uses, although not in areas of actual
waste disposal.
Results and Benefits:
The threat of direct contact with the waste has
been eliminated by treatment and containment.
Ground water, which is being used or is likely
to be used as drinking water, is not at risk of
contamination. Institutional controls are in
place to protect the remedy.
Background:
The 200-acre site consists of a former petroleum
refinery and a municipal waste dump. The
refinery, which operated from 1916 to 1927
when it was destroyed by fire, treated partially-
refined crude oil with sulfuric acid to separate
out asphalt and paraffins. This process created
about 1.5 million cubic feet of acidic sludge that
was disposed of onsite in a 3-acre area. In
addition, more than 500,000 gallons of residual
oil product are present in the subsurface soils.
Later, municipal and domestic solid wastes were
disposed of onsite. Much of the contamination
at the site is outside the jurisdiction of CERCLA
based on "the CERCLA petroleum exclusion."
The site has been in continuous light industrial
and commercial use. Currently, portions of the
site are used for vehicle maintenance,
fabrication of trailer frames, and welding.
The site is in the 100-year flood plain and is
separated from the Arkansas River by a levee.
EPA understands that the Army Corps of
Engineers and the city of Arkansas City have
plans to improve this levee. The surrounding
area includes residential and commercial
property. About 6,500 people live within 3 miles
of the site.
Actions:
Two Records of Decision (RODs) were written
for this site. The first specified the selected
remedy for the acidic sludge, while the second
confirmed no further remedial action was
required for the remainder of the site, in part
because of the petroleum exclusion, but also
because no significant risk to human health or
the environment is posed by the site because
the remedy selected in the first ROD is complete.
The ROD specified in situ neutralization of the
acidic sludge waste. Due to poor percolation
and insufficient mixing, changes to the selected
remedy were made and documented in the
Explanation of Significant Differences. The
revised remedy consisted of excavating the acidic
sludge, neutralizing the excavated material with
lime and cement kiln dust, and placing the
treatment residual in the excavation. The
treated waste was capped to prevent infiltration
of rain water, and to prevent direct contact with
the treatment residuals. Operation and
maintenance to preserve the integrity of the cap
is continuing. Construction was completed
during the summer of 1992. Deed restrictions
are in place to protect the cap.
AOrr
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498
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Big River Sand Company, Region 7
Sedgwick County, Kansas
Status:
The Big River Sand Company site was deleted
from the National Priorities List (NPL) on October
14, 1992. The site is being used for sand and
gravel mining.
Results and Benefits:
The site has been cleaned up for unrestricted
use. Removal of wastes disposed onsite has
eliminated any significant risk to human health
or the environment.
Background:
The 123-acre site has two property owners. Mr.
Vic Eisenring currently owns the eastern half
and previously owned the entire property. The
Big River Sand Company bought 80 acres of the
western portion of the property in 1978. Sand
and gravel mining is still active on both sites.
During the 1970s, roughly 2,000 drums of paint-
related waste were disposed of at the site next
to the 5-acre quarry lake. In 1982, under terms
of the 1978 sales agreement and a court order,
Mr. Eisenring began moving the drums to his
property. The Kansas Department of Health
stopped the action because Mr. Eisenring did
not have a permit to store or dispose of the
waste. Sampling detected volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) (including toluene,
ethylbenzene, and trichloroethylene) and metals
(including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead,
and selenium). The wastes were determined to
be characteristically hazardous due to ignitablity
and chromium toxicity.
Actions:
The site was proposed for placement on the NPL
in October 1984. In May 1986, the site was
placed on the NPL.
The drums were removed from the site from
1982 to 1984. Approximately 40 cubic yards of
hazardous paint sludge were disposed of at an
offsite licensed hazardous waste landfill, about
10,000 gallons of solvent were recycled offsite,
and the nonhazardous waste was disposed of
at the local landfill.
Subsequent to the removal actions cited above,
the remedial investigation sampled soil,
sediments, and ground water. No significant
contamination was detected. The Record of
Decision (ROD) confirmed the no further action
alternative.
4.QQ
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500
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Conservation Chemical Company, Region 7
Jackson County, Missouri
Status:
Remedial activities are currently under way to
treat the contaminated ground water.
Precautions are being taken to ensure that
remedial activities at the site do not result in
human exposure. All remedial measures
including soil cleanup measures, ground-water
extraction, and a ground-water treatment
system have been completed. Today, the site
exists as a capped, regraded, and revegetated
property. The entire parcel is also fenced to
restrict access.
Results and Benefits:
The Missouri River and its Kansas tributary, the
Blue liver, are being spared the offsite migration
of hazardous waste as pumping stations draw
contaminants away from the rivers and toward
treatment facilities. Unlined pits once allowed
dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), one of the most toxic
substances known, and other contaminants to
migrate into the ground-water supply. The
direction of the ground-water movement is to
the northeast, toward the Missouri River. It is
obvious that ground-water contamination was
occurring. The wastes were buried to a depth of
at least 8 feet. The ground-water depth under
the site varies from 5 to 10 feet, so that during
the wetter parts of the year, the ground water
was coming into direct contact with the waste.
Due to swift action by EPA, Potentially
Responsible Parties (PRPs) signed a Consent
Decree in April 1988, and remedial construction
was completed and in operation by April 1990.
An inward ground-water gradient toward the
extraction wells has halted the further migration
of these contaminants. There is no direct
evidence of any human exposure from this site.
Background:
This 6-acre site lies between Hawthorne Power
Plant and Mobay Chemical Company, on the
floodplain of the Missouri River near the
confluence of the Missouri and Blue Rivers. The
site had been used as a hazardous waste landfill.
An estimated 93,000 cubic yards of materials
were buried onsite. Waste types present
included organics, solvents, acids, caustics,
metal hydroxides, cyanide compounds,
pesticides, waste oils, arsenic, and elemental
phosphorus. A site investigation indicated that
the hazardous wastes were migrating from the
site, contaminating the aquifer beneath and
adjacent to the site. Pollutants that had been
detected in the ground water adjacent to the
site included phenols, cyanide, heavy metals,
and organics. principal concern at this site was
the potential for lateral migration of hazardous
wastes offsite through permeable materials. The
nature of some of the contaminants disposed of
here could have allowed movement of
contaminants in directions other than normal
ground-water movement.
Action:
PRPs implemented the remedial action at this
site using a three-phased approach. Phase 1,
which was completed in August 1989, included
surface cleanup, removal of onsite structures,
regrading, placement of a two-layer surface cap
capable of supporting persistent vegetation, and
501
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Conservation Chemical Company, Region 7
(Continued)
placement of rip-rap and fencing along the entire
perimeter of the site. Phase 2, completed in April
1990, included installation of eight chemical and
eight water-level monitoring wells, and
installation of two extraction wells capable of
withdrawing a combined total of 300 gallons per
minute. The gallons per minute were
determined by seeing how much ground water
needed to be pumped out to create an inward
gradient; that is, water flowing toward the
extraction well as opposed to the natural river
level. Phase 3, completed in the same month,
involved the construction of an onsite ground-
water treatment plant which included metals
precipitation, filtration, biological treatment, and
carbon absorption.
502
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
(County Road x23), Region 7
Lee County, Iowa
Status:
This site is an industrial waste dump in a rural
area of Lee County. Based on the results of a
study completed by DuPont in 1991, the remedy
selected was to stabilize/solidify all
contaminated soil that was above health based
levels and place treated soil into a solid monolith.
In late 1991, DuPont removed contaminated
surface material that was not amenable to this
treatment and sent it to an approved disposal
facility offsite. After stabilization/solidification
of the waste, the monolith was capped, and the
cap was graded and planted with vegetation to
prevent erosion. Ground-water monitoring wells
were installed at the site in 1990. The "no
action" alternative was selected for ground water
because a complete exposure pathway for
ground water does not exist at this site.
However, ground-water monitoring is being
continued as a precaution. DuPont completed
the cleanup remedies on September 8, 1993.
Deed restrictions were placed on the site that
currently allows for wildlife activity.
Results and Benefits:
Risk to public health and the environment was
reduced by the removal of contaminated surface
material while the designs of the selected
remedies were completed. Risk was also
reduced by capping the waste that was treated
onsite. Future contamination of ground water
that is used for drinking water was prevented.
Deed restrictions on the property were required
to ensure the integrity of the cover and the
solidified material. Because hazardous
substances remain onsite above health based
levels, 5-year reviews will be conducted by the
site.
Background:
This site is an industrial waste dump in a rural
area of Lee County and consists of two areas
(the Baier and McCarl subsites) off County Road
X23, about 3.5 miles southeast of West Point,
Iowa. The land is agricultural, residential, and
woodlands. DuPont estimates that between
1947 and 1953, a volume equivalent to between
48,000 and 72,000 55-gallon drums of paint
waste were disposed of at the site. These wastes
were placed in shallow pits and burned. DuPont
estimates that up to 7,000 tons of ash and
unburden sludges may have existed at the site.
Contaminants of concern included cadmium
and lead, and volatile organic compound (VOCs)
from former disposal activities.
Approximately 1,200 people depend on private
wells with 3 miles of the site as their sole source
of drinking water. Two creeks about 1 mile from
the site are used for limited recreational areas.
Approximately 160 people live within 1 mile of
the site; 1,250 people live within 3 miles, with
the closest population being 500 feet from the
site. Forty private wells and within a mile, and
330 private wells are within 3 miles; the nearest
is 500 feet from the site.
Actions:
On July 5, 1989, EPA issued a Unilateral Order
to DuPont requiring a site contamination study.
In late 1991, EPA issued a Consent Decree
requiring DuPont to design and conduct the site
cleanup. The site was proposed for the NPL in
June 1988 and was added to the final NPL in
September 1990. DuPont completed the
cleanup remedies on September 8, 1993.
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E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
(County Road x23), Region 7
(Continued)
Monitoring of the ground water is being
continued as a precaution.
5O4
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NFL SITE
FACT SHEET
Fulbright/Sac River Landfills, Region 7
Springfield, Missouri
Status:
Remedial actions have been completed for this
site. Ground-water monitoring will continue
until cleanup goals are met. Deed restrictions
are being imposed to prevent future development
and ground-water use on the site. Deed
restrictions have been placed on the site that is
currently vacant, located on the Little Sac River
floodplain.
Results and Benefits:
In January 1990, EPA issued a Consent Decree
for the Potentially Responsible Parties {PRPs) to
conduct the selected cleanup activities. The
cleanup was completed early in 1992; ground-
water and surface-water monitoring will
continue for 30 years.
Background:
The 212-acre site consists of the Pulbright and
Sac River Landfills. The City of Springfield used
these landfills, both of which are closed, for the
disposal of municipal and industrial wastes. The
Pulbright Landfill, consisting of 98 acres,
accepted waste from 1962 to 1968. The larger
of the two, the Sac River Landfill, which consists
of 114 acres, operated from 1968 until 1974.
Industrial wastes disposed of in these landfills
included cyanides, acids, plating and paint
sludges, pesticide residues, waste oil, and
solvents. Between 1,200 and 2,600 drums were
dumped into pits at the site with empty 55-gallon
drums left in the pits, or in the general area. In
1967, a hauler died when he inadvertently
dumped an acid drum into a pit containing
cyanide. A sinkhole on a bluff above the
Fulbright Landfill contained a few dozen drums
and waste residues.
About 400 people work or reside within a mile
of the site, and an estimated 10,000 people live
within a 3-mile radius. The landfill lies in a
semi-rural area in the floodplain of the Little
Sac River. Surrounding land use includes a
police shooting range, animal shelter, and an
inactive and an active wastewater treatment
plant. The local drinking water supply is drawn
from a municipal well and lake upslope of the
site. Ground water is also used for crop
irrigation and industrial purposes.
The ground water contained a variety of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and other organic
chemicals, as well as heavy metals and cyanide
from former waste disposal practices.
Chromium was also found in sediments.
Ground water, as well as treated municipal
wastewater, flows into the adjacent Sac River.
Because the landfill is in the floodplain of the
Little Sac River, waters may have spread
contaminants.
Actions:
In March 1986, EPA issued a Consent Order to
the City of Springfield and the PRPs. The Order
required them to conduct an extensive site
investigation under EPA's oversight. The study
was completed by the PRPs in 1988. The
remedial design included removing drums,
performing ground-water and surface-water
SOS
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Fulbright/Sac River Landfills, Region 7
(Continued)
monitoring for a 30-year period, and imposing
deed restrictions to prevent future development
and ground-water use.
506
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Hydro-Flex Inc., Region 7
Shawnee County, Kansas
Status:
The site is continuing industrial manufacturing
operations. Investigations revealed that the site
conditions do not pose unacceptable risks to
human health or the environment. A no further
action alternative was selected as the remedy
for this site.
Results and Benefits:
The facility has ceased the practices that led to
the contamination, and the risks to human
health and the environment have been evaluated
and found to be acceptable.
Background:
The 3-acre site has been used by Hydro-Flex
since 1971 for the manufacturing of flexible
copper couplings, specialized tubing, fittings,
and heat exchangers. From 1970 to 1981,
wastewater from the manufacturing operations
containing chromium and copper were directed
to an onsite septic system. A reported one-time
attempt was made to dispose of the wastewater
into an onsite industrial well. When the
municipal sewer became available in July 1981,
Hydro-Flex was connected to the Topeka sewer
system and onsite disposal ceased. The onsite
disposal area was filled with sand and covered
with soil.
An investigation by the Kansas Department of
Health and Environment in 1987 revealed that
the onsite ground water was contaminated with
copper and chromium. However, the results
from offsite wells indicated that chromium and
copper levels were not a public health concern.
The site was added to the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1989, mainly because of concern for
the impact of the site on the drinking water
supply. The intake point for the Topeka drinking
water system is 6,200 feet southeast of the site
on the Kansas River. Approximately 6,500
people obtain drinking water from public and
private wells within 3 miles of the site. The
surrounding area is primarily industrial/
commercial with several scattered residences.
Actions:
The remedial investigation commenced in
September 1990 to define the nature and extent
of contamination in the soil and ground water.
Copper and chromium were not detected above
background levels in the soil, and the ground-
water samples met the drinking water criteria
except for unfiltered samples from two
wells that exceeded the drinking water level
for chromium. All filtered ground-water samples
were below drinking water levels for copper and
chromium.
A remedial investigation and baseline risk
assessment of the site determined that onsite
and offsite levels of chromium and copper do
not pose an unacceptable risk to human health
or the environment. The 1992 Record of
Decision (ROD) documented the no further
action alternative.
5O7
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SOS
-------
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
John Deere (Ottumwa Works), Region 7
Ottumwa, Iowa
Status:
Construction of the remedy is complete. Access
has been controlled by maintaining the security
fence, and deed restrictions are in place to
restrict residential development on the site. The
site continues to manufacture and assemble
agricultural equipment.
Results and Benefits:
The remedy eliminates the principal threat posed
by the conditions at the site by preventing
exposure. Ground-water monitoring is
continuing to verify no unacceptable exposures
posed by ground water occur.
Background:
The 105-acre John Deer (Ottumwa Works) site
consists of an industrial facility that has
manufactured and assembled agricultural
equipment since 1911. From 1911 to 1973, the
plant generated wastes were disposed of onsite
by burying the waste in shallow (4 to 10 feet)
trenches. The waste consisted of solvents, paint
sludges, heat treating cyanide, heat treating
sludges, petroleum distillates, and foundry
sand. Some of the waste was burned on a
regular basis after placement. A 20-acre area
has been identified as the disposal area. The
primary contaminants are metals (arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, and lead) and semi-
volatile polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). Approximately 90 percent of the landfill
area are covered with buildings or pavement.
The land use of the area surrounding the site is
residential. In addition, the City of Ottumwa
drinking water primary intake is located 1,000
feet upstream of the site on the Des Moines
River, and a secondary source is located 500
feet down gradient from the site on Black Lake.
Actions:
The site was listed on the National Priorities List
(NPL) in February 1990. A Record of Decision
(ROD) was signed in September 1991.
The baseline risk assessment calculated a direct
contact risk for children, but found that ground
water, surface water, and sediments do not pose
a significant risk to human health or the
environment.
The remedy selected included continued
monitoring of ground water and surface water,
maintenance of the 8-foot chain-link fence
topped with barbed wire, and deed restrictions
to limit site access and future development of
the site for residential uses. A 5-year review is
planned because wastes are left onsite.
5O9
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510
-------
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Johns' Sludge Pond, Region 7
Wichita, Kansas
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed by the City of Wichita. Semiannual
ground-water monitoring, a security fence, deed
restrictions, and 5-year reviews will ensure the
remedy remains protective of human health and
the environment.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated the threat
to human health and the environment by
neutralizing and containing the contaminated
sludge. Ground-water monitoring, a security
fence, deed restrictions, and 5-year reviews will
ensure that the selected remedy remains
effective. Future contamination of the
surrounding soils, surface water, and ground
water has also been prevented.
Background:
Johns' Sludge Pond was a 1 /2-acre site located
in the northern part of Wichita, Kansas. From
1951 to 1970, Super Refined Oil recycled waste
oil and disposed of an estimated 7,000 cubic
yards of oily sludge into an unlined pond. The
sludge and the water on top of the sludge were
very acidic (pH values as low as 1) and contained
substantial amounts of lead and pofychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). The site was the source of
numerous environmental problems. The pond
would periodically overflow during times of
heavy rainfall, releasing its contents to the
nearby surface waters. Occasionally, the pond
would catch fire and release large volumes of
smoke.
In the 1970s, the City of Wichita condemned a
portion of the site in order to use the land as a
drainage ditch along an adjacent highway. After
a series of samples revealed that the sludge was
contaminated, EPA placed the site on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Because
the Super Refined Oil Company had filed for
bankruptcy by that time, the City of Wichita was
named a Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) as
an owner of part of the site and was required to
submit a removal response plan to remediate
the site.
The area surrounding the Johns' Sludge Pond
site is sparsely populated, but heavily
industrialized. Surface water from the site
drains into Chisholm Creek and eventually flows
into the Arkansas River. Approximately 3,000
people live within 3 miles of the site. Private
wells in the area are used for irrigation and
process water. Fishing takes place in a borrow
pit adjacent to the site.
Actions:
Remedial actions included: excavating and
neutralizing the contaminated sludge with
cement kiln dust; installing a clay soil liner
beneath the disposal cell; redepositing the
treated sludge in the lined disposal cell; placing
a compacted clay cap on the sidewalls of the
disposal cell and on top of the sludge; planting
a natural grass vegetative cover on top of the
cap; fencing the site and posting warning signs;
and placing deed restrictions on the use of the
-------
Johns* Sludge Pond, Region 7
(Continued)
land. The City of Wichita began remediation
activities in 1985 and were completed in 1986.
Semiannual monitoring of wells, surface water
and sediments, as well as 5-year reviews, will
be conducted to ensure the protectiveness of
the remedial actions.
512
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
La Bounty Site, Region 7
Charles City, Iowa
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. Ground-water and surface water
monitoring, as well as site maintenance, is still
ongoing. The site is currently a closed landfill
located in the floodplain of the Cedar River.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated the threat
to human health and the environment by
containing and capping the contaminated
sludge. Construction of on upgradient diversion
wall and the installation of a 24-well ground-
water monitoring system have prevented the
leaching of ground water into nearby surface
water streams. Future contamination of the
surrounding soils, surface water, and ground
water has also been prevented.
Background:
The La Bounty Site covers an 8-1/2 acre area
on the Cedar River flood plain. From 1953 to
1977, the owner, Salsbury Laboratories,
disposed of over 6.4 million cubic feet of livestock
pharmaceutical wastes into an existing onsite
burrow pit. Investigations by EPA and the Iowa
Department of Environmental Quality in 1977
and 1978 revealed that leachate from the pit
contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and metals and that this leachate was
contaminating ground water that entered the
Cedar River. The site was closed in 1977. From
1979 to 1980, a 24-well ground-water
monitoring system was installed, and a cap
made of clay, soil, and vegetative cover was
constructed over the pit. For the next 2 years,
data from the ground-water monitoring system
indicated that the cap was not effectively
reducing pollutant leaching where wastes were
below the water table. The site was placed on
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983.
The area surrounding the La Bounty Site is
primarily light industrial and residential.
Approximately 10,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site. The surrounding area uses the
ground water from the adjacent aquifer for
drinking water supplies.
Actions:
The capping of the waste pit effectively reduced
the leaching of pollutants located above the
water table. Remedial activities, therefore,
focused on preventing ground water
contamination from wastes below the water
table. Remedial activities consisted of:
constructing a ground-water diversion wall
upgradient of the sludge pit; installing three
ground-water monitoring wells to sample the
lower Cedar Valley Formation; and installing
three pairs of wells to monitor the effectiveness
of the diversion wall. Remedial construction
activities were completed in 1986. Salsbury will
continue to sample the monitoring wels and the
Cedar River, and conduct site maintenance to
ensure the effectiveness of the completed
actions.
513
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514
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Lawrence Todtz Farm, Region 7
Clinton County, Iowa
Status:
All cleanup remedial activities were completed
in late 1991. Monitoring of the impoundment
and municipal landfill will continue to ensure
the long-term effectiveness of the cleanup
activities. The fenced site is currently a closed
landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The installation of an alternate water supply has
eliminated the potential for exposure to
contaminated soil and ground water at the
Lawrence Todtz Farm site. This included drilling
new well supplies for three area residences and
constructing a soil cover over the impoundment
area.
The most recent tax assessments show that the
previously affected 12 acres is now part of a 39-
acre parcel of land still owned by the Todtz
family.
Background:
In 1958, Lewis and Lynn Todtz purchased a 120-
acre farm in the Clinton County countryside,
just 1.25 miles to the west of Camanche, Iowa.
One year later, the Todtzs agreed to lease 12
acres of the property to a sand and gravel mining
operation. When the mining ceased in 1969,
the area was leased once more to private
operators for landfilling.
From 1971 to 1975, municipal solid wastes from
the City of Comanche were disposed of on the
site. In 1971, the landfill operators subleased
2.5 acres of the mining pit area, where an
industrial waste impoundment was constructed
and operated to process wastes from a
cellophane plant in Clinton, Iowa. Approximately
4,300 tons of wet-end cellophane process wastes
that included strong acids and bases, alcohols,
paints, and plasticizers were deposited there.
The impoundment was used from 1972 to 1975.
In closing the impoundment, the Potentially
Responsible Party (PRP) used a 2-foot-thick clay
cover with an overlay of top soil as a cap.
One hundred people live within 1 mile of the
site, including 10 farmhouses with private wells
for drinking water (located within 1/4 mile) and
12 mobile homes. Ground-water samples from
onsite monitoring wells detected sodium and
heavy metals (which included arsenic, barium,
and lead), as well as volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) such as benzene and toluene. Only
sodium was detected at levels above health
guidelines for ground water collected from
residential wells. Analyses of soil samples
detected only arsenic at levels that may have
posed adverse health effects.
Because of the hydraulic connection of the
nearby lakes to the shallow sand and gravel
aquifer, problems at the site also had the
potential to impact surface water.
Actions:
In the summer of 1989, the PRPs installed an
alternate water supply. Under EPA's monitoring,
they graded the site and installed a 2-foot soil
cover over the impoundment. To ensure the
long-term effectiveness of the cleanup activities,
SIS
-------
Lawrence Todtz Farm, Region 7
(Continued)
monitoring of the impoundment and municipal
landfill will continue.
516
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
North-U Drive Well Contamination, Region 7
Springfield, Missouri
Status;
As a result of remedial actions, five privately
owned contaminated wells have been plugged
and capped. Water is now supplied by the city.
Monitoring of a nearby stream and spring
continues to ensure that health-based safety
levels are met. The site is in a residential area.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of continued monitoring and
connection to the City of Springfield's municipal
water suppty, area residents have been protected
from contaminated ground water.
Background:
This site is located in a rural residential setting.
Approximately 30 homes are within a 1-mile
radius. This suburb is north of Springfield's
city limits. The site is in an area of highly
permeable aquifer formations. The wells that
have been identified as contaminated are
approximately 1,500 feet west of the Fulbright
Spring, a major water source for the City of
Springfield. Other National Priorities List (NPL)
sites, the Pulbright/Sac River Landfills, are
located to the north of this site. Remedial
actions at these sites have also been completed.
Actions:
In 1983, the State received complaints that
private drinking water weEs on North-U Drive
were contaminated by organic chemicals. An
initial investigation by the State indicated that
seven separate wells at five locations had
chemical tastes and odors. Analysis of the well
water detected various combinations of volatile
organic chemicals. The State conducted
additional sampling in April 1984 to determine
the areal extent of the contamination, the levels
of contamination, and the presence of any other
contaminants. The results from the State's
study determined that the contamination was
localized.
EPA conducted a study to determine the source
of the contamination. Apparently an abandoned
gas station had been in the area, yet no
underground storage tanks were ever removed.
No source was ever confirmed. The State
ordered five individually owned wells closed and
capped. A monitoring system was put in place
to monitor a nearby stream and spring for the
presence of volatile organic compounds. Until
the city water supply system was connected, the
county brought in potable water for 20 to 30
households by water truck.
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518
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Northwestern States Portland Cement Co., Region 7
Mason City, Iowa
Status:
Northwestern States Portland Cement Co.
(NWSPCC) completed Remedial Action
construction activities on October 26, 1993.
Continuing support activities include treating
contaminated ground water from the abandoned
quarry onsite using an acid neutralization
process, prior to discharging it to Calmus Creek,
and conducting ongoing monitoring of both the
local ground water and the treated discharge to
surface water. While NWSPCC continues to
produce cement at this facility, the portion of
the facility that contains the site remains a
closed, industrial landfill.
Results and Benefits:
The sources of site contamination have been
controlled, thereby reducing the potential
exposure to human health and the environment
by the contaminated, caustic site media.
Containment actions have been completed to
meet soil and surface water remediation goals
and to minimize the migration of contaminated
water from the abandoned quarry to the ground
water surrounding the site. The cement dust
waste pile was capped to prevent rainwater from
carrying leachate to the ground water. All
contaminated water from the site is treated
onsite using an acid neutralization process prior
to being discharged to Calmus Creek; NWSPCC
is conducting ongoing monitoring of ground
water and treated discharge to the creek.
The discharge to Calmus Creek from this facility
now meets State effluent limitations, and the
treated ground water meets the State ground-
water action levels and the Safe Drinking Water
Act of 1974 (SDWA) maximum contaminant
level (MCLs).
Background:
The NWSPCC site occupies 150 acres of a 250-
acre facility adjacent to Calmus Creek, north
of Mason City, Iowa. NWSPCC has produced
cement at the facility since 1908. NWSPCC
mined limestone from the area known as the
West Quarry until 1950, when it was
abandoned. In 1969, NWSPCC began using
the West Quarry for disposal of waste cement
kiln dust (CKD). When disposal activities
ceased in 1985, approximately 2-million tons
of CKD had been disposed of in the quarry.
In 1979, two seeps developed in the
northeastern portion of the West Quarry. High
pH water from the seeps flowed overland to
Calmus Creek. In 1984, the State initiated a
study of Calmus Creek and found the pH in
the creek elevated two pH units downstream of
the seep area. The State ordered NWSPCC to
cease the discharge from the seep area, to stop
CKD disposal in the West Quarry, and to
conduct a hydrogeologic investigation.
The major concern at the site was
contamination of surface and ground water
with elevated pH and suspended solids as a
result of contact with the CKD. The surface
water contamination was caused by water from
the West Quarry entering Calmus Creek, raising
the pH level and adversely impacting the
K1Q
-------
Northwestern States Portland Cement Co., Region 7
(Continued)
aquatic habitat of the creek. Contaminated drainage system was constructed in the quarry,
ground water was found within the CKD and in Dewatering wells were installed around the
the bedrock underlying and adjacent to the perimeter to lower the surrounding water table
quarry. The degree of contamination lessened to prevent contamination of ground water. The
with depth. Direct exposure to the high pH water cement Mln dust waste pile was capped with a
in the West Quarry is considered a threat to low permeability clay cap. Water removed from
human health and the environment. the West Quarry, as well as any extracted
ground water that is contaminated, is treated
Actions: onsite using an acid neutralization process prior
to discharging it to Calmus Creek. NWSPCC is
The Remedial Action Plan for the site conducting ongoing monitoring of ground water
recommended waste isolation. Water from the and the treated discharge to Calmus Creek.
West Quarry was drained, and a permanent
520
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Solid State Circuits, Inc., Region 7
Republic, Missouri
Status:
Construction activities were completed at the
Solid State Circuits (SSG), Inc. site in fall of
1993, However, the remedy consists of a long
term ground-water extraction system that is
expected to operate for the next 40 to 50 years.
The site is secured by a 6-foot chain-link fence.
Results and Benefits:
Surface cleanup goals have been achieved and
risks to human health have been reduced by
removing the source of contamination. The
selected remedy will eliminate the risk to human
health by remediating the aquifer to drinking
water standards.
Background;
The Solid State Circuits site is located in
Republic, Greene County, Missouri,
approximately 12 miles southwest of Springfield,
Missouri. The site consists of a 21,000-square-
foot fenced lot The uses of the area surrounding
the site include urban residential housing,
warehouses, and light industry.
The site has been used for industrial and
manufacturing purposes by a number of
businesses. Solid State Circuits used the site
from 1968 to 1973 to manufacture printed
circuit boards. In 1973, SSC moved its
manufacturing operations to Springfield,
Missouri, The building was demolished
following a fire in 1979.
In 1982, trichloroethylene (TCE) was detected
to a municipal water suppry well, located 500
feet south of the site. In April 1983, an
investigation determined that the site was the
source of TCE in the ground water. TCE was
used as a cleaning solvent and as a copper
residue stripper by Solid State Circuits, and
allegedly barrels of solvent were stored with
plating waste in the building basement, which
contained a well that had not been plugged.
After the fire, the basement was filled with
building debris.
Actions:
Actions at this site include immediate response
actions and a long-term remedial solution. In
1984, an immediate response action was
undertaken to remove the suspected source of
the contamination. The contaminated soils and
debris were excavated and monitoring wells were
installed. The well in the basement was plugged,
and the basement was sealed with gravel and
soil cover to bring it up to grade.
Following the response action, a remedial
investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS)
determined that the source had been removed
and only ground water needed to be addressed
in the remedial design/remedial action.
Construction of extraction wells and air strippers
began in January 1993 and was completed in
September 1993. Extracted ground water is
discharged, either directly for TCE
concentrations less than 200 ppb or after onsite
air stripping for TCE concentrations greater than
200 ppb, to the city sewer system for treatment
at the water treatment plant It is estimated that
ground-water pumping will continue for 40 to
50 years.
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522
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Su
SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Baldwin Park, Region 7
Aurora, Missouri
Status:
The Baldwin Park site, now a city-owned
municipal park, has been cleaned and capped
in accordance with State and Federal
regulations. All planned activities under the
Superfund Removal Program have been
completed. Although soil and other
contaminated materials remain buried onsite,
the surface has been rendered safe for limited
re-use under control and supervision of the city.
Results and Benefits:
The site of an abandoned lead mine and refuse
dump has been converted into a 170-acre
municipal park, providing recreational
opportunities to residents in and around Aurora,
population 6,436 (1986). The park includes
facilities for picnics, nature trails, and
playground equipment. The cleanup reduced
the potential for exposure to dioxin and other
contaminants present in the soil. The ground
water was found to be uncontaminated, and
protective measures have been taken to prevent
its contamination in the future.
Background:
This site was once used for strip mining lead
ore. When mining operations ceased, the open
pits were used as a dump for municipal trash
from Aurora and surrounding communities.
Reports indicated that abandoned drums
containing sludge were discovered at this site
sometime in the mid-1960s and were soon
thereafter removed offsite; however, the
surrounding soil remained heavily
contaminated.
Ground-water contamination was not a major
concern at this site because drinking water
supplies for the community comes from a well
1.5 miles away and 1,200 feet deep. The nearest
residences are located approximately 1/4 mile
from the site, but population density
surrounding the site is low. Access to the city
park now occupying the site is unrestricted.
Since the opening of the park in the early 1970s,
there has been little evidence of disturbance of
soil or buried wastes as a result of activities
there.
Actions:
Baldwin Park was first investigated in October
1983. Actual sampling began in October 1984.
Soil sampling results indicated the presence of
dioxins at levels as high as 743 parts per billion
(ppb). Hexachlorophene was also found, but
heavy metal contamination from the mining
operation was not considered to be a concern.
In November 1984, sampling was conducted to
determine the extent of contamination in the
soil and ground water. In April 1986, 30
piezometers and 8 monitoring wells were
installed to determine the ground-water flow and
potential for migration.
In November and December of 1987, a removal
action called for the excavation and removal of
250 cubic yards of soil found to exceed 20 ppb
of dioxin at the site. The excavated soil was
incinerated offsite. Soils from areas showing
dioxin surface contamination between 1 and 20
ppb were consolidated, covered, and capped.
EPA minimized dioxin exposure in high traffic
523
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Baldwin Park, Region 7
(Continued)
zones such as picnic table areas by choosing a
cleanup target of less than 1 ppb. Slightly higher
target levels were allowed in more remote
wooded areas because the low frequency of
pedestrian traffic would limit exposure. EPA
monitored the ground water for 1 year to ensure
that contamination was not migrating offsite.
No detectible quantities of dioxin were found,
and it was concluded that the ground water
beneath the site had not been contaminated.
The site area and the protective cap will be
monitored and maintained by the City of Aurora.
524
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REGION EIGHT
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Arsenic Trioxide Site, Region 8
Lidgerwood, North Dakota
Status:
As a result of remedial actions, an advanced
water treatment system has been constructed
and is in use. In the affected areas, institutional
controls are being imposed on well use and
drilling of new wells.
Results and Benefits:
By providing a more advanced water treatment
system, the towns of Wyndmere and Lidgerwood,
North Dakota, have a consistently safe water
supply. The water supply improvements have
increased the value of homes in the area.
Background:
The Arsenic Trioxide site consists of 20
townships in southeastern North Dakota,
covering approximately 500 square miles of
land. Shallow ground-water aquifers in this
area were found to be contaminated with arsenic
at levels that exceeded drinking water standards.
Natural arsenic also exists in the area. Heavy
grasshopper infestations in the 1930s resulted
in large repeated applications of arsenic-based
poisons such as arsenic trioxide. Excess poisons
were buried near shallow aquifers, left in
unmarked outbuildings, and hauled to open
dumps.
Actions:
In the rural areas near Richland, individual
water treatment units were installed in 116
private homes, and 5 residences were hooked
up to a rural water supply system. Also,
institutional controls on well use and drilling
were imposed. EPA assisted the City of
Lidgerwood with its efforts to improve the water
treatment plant.
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528
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Libby Groundwater Contamination, Region 8
Libby, Lincoln County, Montana
Status:
Construction activities for this site have been
completed, and remedial systems are operating
as designed. However, a long-term
biorestoration program is continuing to address
soil and ground-water contamination. The site
is currently being used as a plywood and lumber
mill.
Results and Benefits:
The risk to human health has been eliminated
by providing residents with a public drinking
water supply and sealing affected wells. Future
exposures are prevented by deed restrictions
and a city ordinance that prevents the
installation of new drinking water and irrigation
wells. Source contamination is being remediated
by biological restoration. Monitoring is
continuing to assure that the contamination is
being reduced.
Background:
The Libby Groundwater Contamination site is
located in northwest Montana adjacent to Libby
in Lincoln County. The site is currently
operating as a plywood and lumber mill and is
adjacent to residential areas.
The site was owned by St. Regis Corporation
until 1983 when Champion International
Corporation bought St Regis and assumed the
obligations associated with the site. Stimpson
Lumber Co. purchased the mill in early 1994;
however, Champion personnel remaining at the
site continue to operate and monitor the soil
and ground-water remedies. The site operated
as a wood treatment facility from 1946 to 1969.
The disposal and spilling of wood treatment
chemicals and sludges onsite at several different
locations caused soil and ground-water
contamination.
The ground-water contamination was discovered
in 1979 in a private well within the city limits.
Subsequent investigations determined that the
contaminated soil was within the confines of the
facility. However, ground-water contamination
was detected in both the upper and lower
aquifers and has spread to nearby private wells.
Contaminants of concern include
pentachlorophenol, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and to a lesser extent
dioxins and furans.
Actions:
In 1985, the Champion International
Corporation began a water distribution plan
whereby residents with affected wells ceased
using the wells and began using the public water
supply system operated by the City of Libby.
Champion also sealed and locked the affected
wells. A city ordinance that prohibits the
installation of new wells for drinking water of
irrigation was promulgated.
In 1988, a Record of Decision (ROD) was signed
that selected final cleanup methods for the
affected media including the soils/source areas
and the upper aquifer. In addition, an
investigation regarding the effectiveness of
biorestoration for the lower aquifer was
mandated. In 1993, the investigation was
completed, and an explanation of significant
differences documenting the selection of
KOO
-------
Libby Grotmdwater Contamination, Region 8
(Continued)
institutional controls and long-term monitoring
as the final remedy for the lower aquifer was
published.
The contaminated soils at the facility were
addressed by excavation and consolidation into
the existing waste pit. At the waste pit, the soils
underwent a two-step enhanced biodegradation
process. Further biological degradation
occurred in two onsite lined land treatment units
(LTUs). When treatment is complete, the LTUs
will be capped with low permeability materials
and will serve as a final disposition location.
Ground water is being addressed by a
combination of ex situ and in situ techniques.
A bacteria rich ground-water injection and
extraction system is being used to remove and
degrade contaminants adsorbed to soil matrices
and dissolved in the ground water. Recovery
wells are being used to extract highly
contaminated ground water, which is treated in
a fixed film bioreactor prior to reinjection
through a rock percolation bed. The upper
aquifer is being restored using in situ enhanced
biological degradation system. Contamination
in the lower aquifer will be addressed by
institutional controls on ground-water use and
long-term monitoring.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Marshall
Region 8
Boulder County, Colorado
Status:
All site construction activities have been
completed. Landfill improvements included:
regrading; revegetation to minimize infiltration
of precipitation; installation of perimeter ditches;
and construction of a french drain and fences
to minimize further environmental and public
health impacts from the site. Regrading
remedial activities were completed on the
northern part of the Marshall Landfill on
November 17, 1989. Grading and vegetation of
the southern part of the Marshall Landfill and
the Boulder Landfill were completed in early fall
1993. A collection trench and an array of
ground-water extraction wells were constructed
to capture shallow ground water along the
southern and eastern site boundaries. The
existing lagoons were drained, and the liquid
was transferred to the treatment system. The
site is currently a closed landfill; however,
methane recovery is ongoing.
Results and Benefits:
Protective measures have been taken to ensure
the safety of the local drinking water supply,
and a fence has been constructed to restrict
access and prevent further degradation of site.
In 1984 as an emergency response action, a 60-
inch pressurized pipeline was installed to protect
local drinking water supplies by transporting
the water across the inactive Marshall Landfill.
Protection from future degradation of ground
water and surface water has been achieved.
An environmental monitoring program
addressing surface and ground water was
implemented to assure protection of public
health. Extraction wells were installed, and a
water treatment system was commissioned in
the spring of 1993.
Background:
This site is located in southeastern Boulder
County, east of the town of Marshall. It occupies
160 acres 4 miles south of Colorado Highway
170 and is bounded on the east by South 66th
Street. Marshall Reservoir is upstream of the
site, about 2,000 feet to the west. The site is
divided into two adjacent landfills, each
approximately 80 acres in size. Between 1965
and 1974, the Marshall Landfill, situated to the
north, accepted municipal waste, unstabilized
sewage sludge, and many unknown and
potentially hazardous wastes. In 1974, the
Marshall Landfill was abandoned. The Boulder
Landfill, an 80-acre section to the south, was
operated from 1974 to January 1992. Septic
wastes, and possibly liquid industrial wastes,
were also disposed of on site in two septic ponds.
These ponds are now closed.
In 1981, landfill leachate was observed seeping
into the community ditch that carries drinking
water from nearby Marshall Lake to the City of
Louisville and serves as irrigation water for a
reservoir and irrigation company. Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic
chemicals have been detected in the ground
water both on and off site and in surface waters
on the site.
Actions:
Due to the release of contamination to irrigation
and drinking water, the site was placed on the
•en
-------
Marshall T/andll11t Region 8
(Continued)
National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1983,
and the Record of Decision (ROD) was issued
on September 26,1986. The site was addressed
in two stages: immediate actions and a long-
term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of
ground water and surface water both on and
off site. Treatment of contaminated ground
water consists of equalization/sedimentation,
air stripping, liquid-phase carbon adsorption,
breakpoint chlorination for ammonia removal,
and dechlorination. The discharge from the
french drain has also been redirected to the
treatment system.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Mystery Bridge Road, Region 8
Natrona County, Wyoming
Status:
All removal actions have been completed at this
site. Ongoing remedial actions include ground-
water pump and treatment, and monitoring.
Portions of the site are currently used for
chemical manufacturing, commercial trucking,
and residential purposes.
Results and Benefits:
Immediate action by the State and the EPA
Removal Program provided safe drinking water
for residents. An assessment by the Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
concluded that if action were not taken within 1
year, individuals drinking the contaminated
water would face an increased lifetime cancer
risk. The removal actions at the facilities onsite
have prevented further migration of
contaminants from source areas into residents'
ground-water supplies, while long-term remedial
actions are eliminating the sources. The site
has also been used to demonstrate an innovative
technology, air sparging, for cleaning up ground-
water contamination.
Background:
This site, located 1 mile east of Evansville,
Wyoming, includes two residential subdivisions
(Brookhurst and Mystery Bridge) and an
industrial area to the south where certain
hazardous materials have been used. Two
nearby industries have been found to be
responsible for the site's contamination. One
company uses mobile mounted pumps, tanks,
and other associated equipment to perform oil
and gas production enhancement services for
the oil and gas industries. This company also
performs its own truck repair and stores the
solvents onsite. The other industry has operated
a natural gas fractionation, compression,
cleaning, odorizing, and transmission plant at
the site since 1965. Both are currently active.
The site is bordered on the north by the North
Platte River, on the west by a refining company,
and by a highway to the south. Sections of the
Mystery Bridge subdivision extend along the
eastern perimeter. Within a 1-mile radius, the
total work daytime population is approximately
1,000 people. The population within a 3-mile
radius is approximately 3,000 people, which
includes 2,160 residents in the community of
Evansville.
Past and present surface and subsurface storage
units and other structures at the site include
several underground and aboveground storage
tanks, abandoned drums, an unlined waste
pond, and a concrete-lined waste pond. These
structures have released contaminants from the
active industrial facilities at the site.
Actions:
In August 1986, residents complained of poor
air and water quality in and around the
subdivisions. As a result, the County, State,
and EPA began an investigation of the site.
Results of early sampling indicated organic
compounds in residential wells and tap water.
Residents were advised not to use their well
water for drinking or food preparation. In the
same year, the State began providing bottled
water to residents. Under the Superfund
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Mystery Bridge Road, Region 8
(Continued)
Removal Program, EPA took over the lead
responsibility for ensuring the health and safety
of the residents by providing bottled water,
installing monitoring wells, and conducting
sampling programs to further investigate the
release of contaminants and to gather
information to evaluate the need for further
removal action.
In 1987, EPA began an expanded site
investigation (ESI). The ESI delineated two
plumes of ground-water contamination and
several volatile halogenated organic (VHO) soil
contaminants in the ground water and soil near
an abandoned chlorinated sump area. As part
of the cleanup activities, this site was divided
into two operable units (OUs). OU1 involves
the cleanup of the two distinct ground-water
plumes, and OU2 will address the cleanup of
any remaining soil contamination that may be
a source of ground-water contamination.
Removal activities began in January 1988 and
included the excavation and offsite landfilling
of approximately 440 cubic yards of VHO-
contaminated surface soEs from the chlorinated
sump area. A soil vapor extraction (SVE) system
was used to remove over 300 pounds of
contaminants from the soil. Almost 6,000
pounds of solvents were also removed from soils
in a toluene storage area using an SVE system.
In November 1989, removal actions designed to
remove BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
and xylene) contaminants from the ground water
and soil beneath an onsite industrial facility
began. Pursuant to this removal action, volatile
BTEX contaminants are being removed from the
soil using the SVE system. Ground water is
being cleaned using an air-stripping tower, in
which ground water is extracted and air is used
to evaporate away the more volatile compounds
such as BTEX. Both the SVE system and the
air-stripping tower will continue to be used until
cleanup objectives have been achieved.
Through long-term remedial actions, a combined
ground-water pump and treat and soil vapor
extraction system has recovered approximately
10,828 gallons of BTEX contaminants from the
soil and ground water as of November 1991.
This product has been recycled and sold to
vendors.
In November 1992, a pilot test of a relatively
new technology known as air sparging was
conducted. Test results confirmed its
usefulness in removing BTEX contamination
from the ground water and subsurface soils
above the water table. Air sparging involves
injecting compressed air into an aquifer using
specially constructed wells. The injected air
causes vapor pressure changes that help
vaporize any remaining BTEX compounds in the
ground water and in subsurface soils. In
addition, by increasing the availability of oxygen
in the soils, the system is expected to promote
natural bioremediation by increasing the growth
of naturally occurring bacteria. These bacteria
consume the contaminants, breaking them
down into simpler, nontoxic substances such
as carbon dioxide and water.
534
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Rose Park Sludge Pit, Region 8
Salt Lake City, Utah
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. Ground-water monitoring is still
ongoing and will continue until the year 2013.
Institutional controls and physical barriers have
been implemented to prevent damage to the
containment structure. The site is currently
used as park with playgrounds and recreation
fields.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated the threat
to human health and the environment by
containing and capping the contaminated sludge
and preventing ground water and surface water
infiltration. Future contamination of the
surrounding soils and ground water has also
been prevented.
Background:
The Rose Park Sludge Pit is approximately 2
acres and is located in a Salt Lake City park.
The park and the surrounding area have been
used by oil refineries and industrial facilities
since before 1900. From the early 1920s to
1957, the Utah Oil and Refining Company,
predecessors of Amoco Oil Company, used the
site to place refinery sludges into unlined storage
pits. In response to citizen's complaints against
dumping, Salt Lake City purchased the land in
1957, removed 40-100 truck loads of sludge,
and covered the sludge with a soil cap in 1960.
The area was then incorporated into the Rose
Park. In 1976, during park development grading
operations, a bull dozer broke through the cover
and re-exposed the sludge. Field investigations
were conducted between 1979 and 1981 to
determine the boundaries of the sludge pits and
to determine the extent of ground-water
contamination. The site was placed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in December 1982.
Area surrounding the Rose Park Sludge Pit is
industrial, residential, and recreational.
Approximately 150,000 people reside in Salt
Lake City. Nearby residents are connected to
the city water supply.
Actions:
Remedial activities consisted of: constructing a
bentonite slurry wall around the sludge pit;
capping the pit with a sand layer, a fabric
membrane, a clay layer, and covering the cap
with a vegetated soil layer; installing ground
monitoring wells; establishing a 30-year ground
monitoring plan; installing a traffic barrier and
signs indicating the containment structure
location; maintaining, supervising, and caring
for the site; and implementing deed restrictions.
Remedial construction activities were completed
in 1985.
EPA started the ground-water monitoring in
1983. In 1984, Salt Lake City assumed
responsibility for the ground-water monitoring
program. In 1989, it was determined that the
prior samples were of marginal to unacceptable
quality and that the then present ground-water
monitoring program was inadequate to
determine the effectiveness of the remedy. In
January 1990, Amoco Oil Company submitted
a plan to monitor ground-water flow around the
containment area. Twelve new monitoring wells
-------
Rose Park Sludge Pit, Region 8
(Continued)
were drilled and completed in August 1990, and
an additional eight monitoring wells were
installed in 1992.
A 5-year review conducted in 1992 concluded
that the remedy remains protective of human
health and the environment. Ground-water
monitoring will continue until 2013.
536
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Whitewood Creek, Region 8
Lawrence, Mead, and Butte Counties, South Dakota
Status:
All prescribed cleanup remedial actions for the
18-mile floodplain were completed in 1992, 2
years after the remedy was selected. Because
of the remaining contamination, land use and
access restrictions have been implemented.
Ground-water well installation restrictions have
been implemented and will continue to be
enforced. The site is currently vacant and
located in a floodplain.
Results and Benefits:
Through the careful coordination between EPA,
the South Dakota Department of Water and
Natural Resources, and the Potentially
Responsible Party (PRP) in removing
contaminated soil, capping the site, and
instituting controls on the use of the area, the
threats posed by the site have been substantially
reduced. The PRP has agreed to pay for all the
past, present, and future costs incurred by the
cleanup. Because of the size and duration of
the contamination, the main protection to the
public is through institutional controls. To
remove the threat to the public, the PRP has
begun to buy the affected acreage. This removes
the area from public and releases the former
owners from liability related to the arsenic-
contaminated land.
Background:
The Whitewood Creek site is a mine tailings
deposit area near the town of Whitewood in
Lawrence, Mead, and Butte counties of South
Dakota. Situated along 18 miles of Whitewood
Creek, the 2,018-acre site consists of farmland,
woodland, and residential homes. From 1877
to 1977, arsenic-rich tailings from mining and
milling operations were discharged directly into
Whitewood Creek. Approximately 22-million
tons of tailings, which consisted of finely ground
rock and residual metallic and nonmetallic
compounds, were deposited downstream from
the mine. Surface water and soils were found
to contain cyanide and heavy metals including
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and
selenium. Heavy metals were also found in the
ground water. In 1974 and 1975, 50 Holstein
cattle from an adjacent dairy farm died of arsenic
poisoning, caused by eating corn contaminated
with mining wastes.
Actions:
In 1982, EPA, the South Dakota Department of
Water and Natural Resources, and the PRP
entered into an agreement to conduct a study
of the site. The study investigated the quality
of surface waters, ground waters, soils,
sediments, and vegetation in the site area. The
Record of Decision (ROD), finalized to 1990,
called for the removal and/or covering of tailing-
contaminated soils in existing areas and the
implementation of institutional controls to limit
access to the tailings and ground water. Over
25 houses were found to have high levels of
arsenic contamination. Eleven homes were
physically moved to safer locations or voluntarily
demolished.
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Page Intentionally Blank
538
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Woodbury Chemical Company, Region 8
Commerce City, Colorado
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. Hazardous substances have been
reduced to levels that allow unrestricted access.
A portion of the site is owned by a railroad and
used for steel storage.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated the threat
to human health and the environment by
removing the contaminated soil and sediments.
Future contamination of the surrounding soils,
surface water, and ground water has also been
prevented.
Background:
The Woodbury Chemical Company site was a 5-
acre pesticide formulation plant that operated
from the early 1950s to 1965. In 1965, the plant
burned to the ground. The resulting fire debris,
rubble, contaminated soils, and 1,500 pounds
of water-soaked bags of pesticides were moved
to an adjacent 2.2-acre lot The plant was rebuilt
on the original location and continued
operations until 1971. In September 1983, the
site was placed on the National Priorities List
(NPL).
The Woodbury Chemical Company site is
surrounded by industry. The residential and
commercial population within 1 mile of the site
numbers approximately 3,000.
Actions:
Remedial actions at the site initially involved;
excavating and incinerating the soil and rubble
with a total pesticide concentration above 100
parts per million, then disposing of the ashes in
an offsite RCRA Subtitle C landfill; excavating
and disposing of soil and rubble between 3 and
100 parts per million in an offsite RCRA Subtitle
C landfill; backfilling the excavated areas with
clean, impermeable fill material; and regrading
and revegetating the excavated areas. These
remedial activities were later revised due to the
unforeseen spread of the contamination to
additional areas west of the 2.2-acre storage lot.
The revised remedy included: excavating and
incinerating offsite all affected soils and rubble
exceeding a total concentration of 1,000 parts
per million and any soil/debris containing
2,3,7,8-PCDD above EPA action levels, then
disposing of the ashes in an offsite RCRA
Subtitle C landfill; excavating and disposing of
all other contaminated soil and debris in a RCRA
Subtitle C landfill; and regrading the remaining
onsite soil, backfilling excavated areas with clean
soil, as necessary, and then revegetating the site.
Remedial actions were completed in May 1992.
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540
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Lixnon Elevator Site, Region 8
Limon, Colorado
Status:
All removal actions at this site have been
completed. There are no buildings on the site,
and the site is not in use.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the quick response by the EPA
Emergency Response Branch (ERB), exposure
to hazardous and lethal substances at this site
was avoided, and the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances removed. An area
immediately adjacent to the site is used as a
public park.
Background:
After a tornado caused major damage to Limon
in the eastern plains of Colorado on June 6,
1990, it was discovered that an abandoned grain
elevator complex had been damaged and that
various pesticides stored there had been
released. Numerous pesticide containers were
found in the building debris and in the
surrounding area, some of which held pesticides
that had been restricted or whose registration
had been cancelled. Included with the wastes
were approximately 100 canisters of aluminum
phosphide, which releases phosphine gas when
subjected to water, and three compressed gas
cylinders containing the agricultural fumigant
chloropicrin, a "war gas" that causes vomiting
and acute pulmonary distress.
Actions:
On June 9, 1990, the ERB, an Emergency
Response Cleanup Services (ERCS) contractor,
and Technical Assistance Team personnel
arrived at the site. ERCS began staging and
inventorying materials found. The shock-
sensitive chloropicrin cylinders were packed and
moved to a large gravel pit for detonation. After
all three cylinders were successfully detonated,
the search for and removal of drums from the
collapsed structure resumed. Two drums blown
offsite by the tornado were returned to the site.
Because this action was conducted during the
height of the disaster response to the tornado
damage, the site's accessibility was temporarily
restricted to safeguard the public from
accidental contact with contaminants.
Overpacking of chemicals continued the next
day. During the removal of contaminated
structure flooring, a concrete pit filled with water
was discovered. Results of the water sampling
showed that it was contaminated with
pesticides, BHC, methoxychlor, low levels of
mercury, and toxaphene. Sampling results of
the soil beneath the contaminated flooring
showed mercury, DDD, and DDT contamination.
Over the course of the next 2 weeks,
contaminated water was pumped from the
structures, and contaminated soil was excavated
and staged for removal. Approximately 32,000
gallons of contaminated water were shipped
offsite for carbon filtration and evaporation. An
additional 5,000 gallons of water contaminated
with hydrogen sulfide had to be solidified and
placed in an offsite landfill along with 43 cubic
yards of contaminated soil and debris.
Overpacked products were shipped offsite for
incineration. All excavated areas were backfilled
with clean soil.
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542
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Montana Pole and Treating, Region 8
Butte, Montana
Status:
Two significant removal actions have been
completed at this site. Investigations to
determine the nature and extent of the
remaining residual contamination are ongoing.
A remedial investigation and feasibility study
for the site is nearly complete and long-term
remedial actions are expected to begin in 1994.
This site's activities have been closely
coordinated with the ongoing remedial activities
at the larger Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area
Superfund site.
Results and Benefits:
EPA and the State have previously documented
contamination in Silver Bow Creek and Clark
Fork River for approximately 120 miles
downstream. Removing the source of soil
contamination has prevented further
degradation to the surface waters of Silver Bow
Creek. Additional actions at Montana Pole and
Treating have safeguarded the nearby
residential areas and ground water by
constructing an onsite water treatment plant to
treat extracted ground water, and restricting
access to the site.
Background:
This site is an abandoned 40-acre wood
treatment facility in Butte. From 1946 to 1983,
the facility preserved utility poles, posts, and
bridge timbers with pentachlorophenol (PCP).
Hazardous substances from the pole-treating
operations were discharged into a ditch adjacent
to the plant that ran towards Silver Bow Creek.
Montana Pole is in a residential/ industrial area
with the nearest residence 100 yards from the
site. The nearest private well is 1/5-mile
downgradient from the site.
Action:
EPA completed a cleanup action in late 1988 to
halt the seepage of PCP and diesel fuel into Silver
Bow Creek. Contaminated soils were excavated
and stored onsite. The site has been fenced,
and monitoring wells and oil recovery trenches
were installed. A temporary ground-water oil
separation treatment system was put into
operation to separate PCP-contaminated oil from
the ground water. The treated water was
pumped upgradient to infiltration galleries.
In early 1991, EPA conducted a cleanup of oil-
contaminated soil, following the release of
30,000 gallons of contaminated oil from a
holding tank. Approximately 21,000 gallons of
oil have been intercepted and are temporarily
stored onsite, pending plans for offsite disposal.
Also onsite are five pole barns containing
approximately 10,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil. Tanks, vats, pipes, and
equipment were cut up and stored in the pole
barns. Forty 55-gallon drums of PCP-
contaminated sludges are onsite.
In July 1992, EPA initiated a removal action
restart. During this action, a subsurface
synthetic wall was installed to prevent PCP/fuel
from entering Silver Bow Creek. Ground-water
recovery wells were installed to recover the PCP/
fuel phase from the aqueous phase. A water
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Montana Pole and Treating, Region 8
(Continued)
treatment plant was built to treat the
contaminated ground water. After treatment,
the water will be discharged to SUver Bow Creek.
The water treatment plant began operation in
January 1993.
544
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Rocky Boy Post and Pole, Region 8
Rocky Boy Indian Reservation, Box Elder, Montana
Status:
Removal actions have been completed at this
site. The site is no longer used by the tribal
members for treating fence posts. It is fenced
and inactive, except for a maintenance shed
used by the tribal members.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the actions performed by the EPA
Removal Program, threats of exposure to cancer-
causing hazardous materials have been
removed. All sources of contamination have
been incinerated and rendered inert. The site
may be reused for agriculture or light industrial
purposes, according to an EPA source. An
adjacent tributary which leads to a reservoir
used by the Tribe for drinking water and food
sources has been spared pentachlorophenol
(PCP)/dioxin contamination in the soil or debris.
The potential for accidental contact with
carcinogenic materials has been removed.
Background:
This 2-acre site is located on Trust Lands within
the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation approximately
90 miles northeast of Great Falls, Montana. The
plant was functioning for approximately 15
years, but ceased operations in 1986. Both a
telephone-pole treater and a fence-pole treater
were in operation at the site. The telephone pole
treater leaked its entire contents approximately
10 to 12 years ago and has not been used since.
Treated fence posts were the primary product,
however, and PCP was the primary chemical
used as a wood preservative. PCP was
transported to the site in 55-gallon drums,
dumped into treating vats, and mixed with diesel
fuel, the carrier fluid. Liquids in the fence-post
treating vats contained high concentrations of
a dioxin compound. The treating process was
to dip the wood in the vats, then place the dipped
product on the ground to drip-dry, releasing
hazardous wastes to the environment.
During initial sampling, EPA discovered that
fence posts had been treated recently. Tribe
members were continuing to use chemical
treatment to preserve wood for their personal
use, despite the advisories by EPA. Tribe
members also came onsite frequently to fill
propane bottles from a large tank located within
site boundaries. EPA made repeated requests
that a fence be erected and warning signs posted
around the site.
Actions:
Through a coordinated effort by the EPA
Emergency Response Branch (ERB) and
Technical Assistance Team (TAT), the site was
investigated and sampled. Results of samples
taken showed that liquids in the treating vats
and soils in the drip area were contaminated
with dioxin wastes, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and PCP. Four drums
were found onsite that contained mainly PCP
and PAHs. The areas of concern at the site were
the fence-post treating vats, the four drums, and
the drip area.
EPA dehalogenated dioxin contamination in the
vats, drums, and soils. Dehalogenation of dioxin
is the chemical process of removing a chlorine
atom and replacing it with a hydroxyl atom, thus
forming an alcohol and eliminating the toxic
-------
Rocky Boy Post and Pole, Region 8
(Continued)
nature of the dioxin. A lined containment pit from the incineration was buried onsite and
was constructed to dehalogenate the soil slurry, covered with clean fill. The treating vats were
The liquids were treated in the vats, cleaned, and the residue was treated by
Approximately 750 gallons of liquids and 200 incineration, as were all residues from the
cubic yards of soil were dehalogenated. The cleaning operations. The remainder of the site
materials generated from the dehalogenation debris not contaminated was cleaned out and
process were then incinerated onsite, and ash disposed of offsite.
546
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Site, Region 8
Butte and Walkerville, Montana
Status:
Extensive removal actions have already been
conducted at this site; however, given the size
and extent of contamination, further removal
actions are likely. Long-term remedial actions
are currently ongoing. This site is one of four
contamination areas known as the Clark-Fork
Sites. The other three areas are the Milltown
Reservoir, Anaconda Company Smelter, and
Montana Pole and Treating, which are treated
as separate sites on the National Priorities List
(NPL).
Results and Benefits:
Through close coordination with the State and
responsible parties, EPA has ensured that the
removal actions to date have reduced the
potential health threats due to heavy metal
contamination in the surrounding communities
by excavating the sources of contamination.
EPA implemented an Expedited Response Action
(ERA) to prevent discharge of contaminated mine
waters into a nearby shallow aquifer and Silver
Bow Creek in 1989. Extensive mine tailings
contamination in river beds and widespread
wind-blown particulate are being addressed by
long-term remedial actions.
Background:
This site begins above Butte, near the
Continental Divide, and extends westward along
Silver Bow Creek and the Clark Fork River to
the Milltown Reservoir. The site covers about
140 miles of stream and riparian habitat. Silver
Bow Creek and the Clark Fork River were used
as a conduit for mining, smelting, industrial,
and municipal wastes for over 100 years. Vast
mine tailings deposits can be found along the
creek and river. These deposits have been
dispersed over the entire flood plain and contain
elevated levels of metals.
Wind-blown particles, ground water, surface
water, and soil have been contaminated with
arsenic and metals including zinc, copper, iron,
cadmium, mercury, and lead. The tailings
dispersed along the creek and river have severely
limited aquatic life forms and have caused fish
kills in the river.
Tailings deposits are found on the banks of the
Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks as a result
of mining activities during the 19th and 20th
centuries. These tailings are high in metals,
low in pH, and toxic to plants. In many places
along Silver Bow Creek, evidence can be found
of these tailings called slickens, which are bare
areas of ground subject to severe wind and water
erosion.
Numerous studies are being performed along
Silver Bow Creek to assess the streambank
tailings revegetation potential by introducing
hardy vegetation that has adapted to high heavy
metal concentrations. EPA has determined that
high concentrations of metal remaining in soils
and drainage from the mine waste dumps still
pose risks to the ground water and Silver Bow
Creek. Actions to address these problems are
currently being studied.
To date, approximately 900,000 cubic yards of
tailings and contaminated soils have been
excavated, half has been removed offsite and
the remaining portion consolidated and capped
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Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Site, Region 8
(Continued)
onsite. Thirty-two residential yards have been
excavated and refilled with clean soil, and sod
has been laid; many more yards are pending the
same treatment. Twenty-five waste rock dumps
containing high heavy metal concentrations were
either removed, or partially moved and capped
in place. Approximately 1.7-million gallons of
metal-contaminated water have been pumped
to a nearby treatment plant since 1988.
Actions:
To make study and cleanup of contamination at
this site more efficient, the site has been divided
into several operable units (OUs). These OUs
include Priority Soils, Mine Flooding, Active
Mining and Milling, Non-Priority Soils, Warm
Springs Ponds, Rocker, and Stream-Side
Tailings. To date, four time-critical removal
actions have been completed in Butte and
Walkerville. Additionally, ongoing expedited
response actions are underway to address the
mine tailings and waste rock dumps. In the
coming years, EPA has predicted that over 5.5
million cubic yards of tailing and contaminated
soil will have to be removed, along with
excavation of additional residential yards.
Following is a brief summary of the removal
actions that have occurred.
548
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Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Site, Region 8
(Continued)
Operable
Unit
Type of
Activity
Status
Notes {Affected Medium)
Priority
Soils
Walkerville
Time-Critical
Removal
Completed
1988
Included removal of contaminated soils in 23
residential yards, removal or consolidation of
waste rock dumps, placement of a stabilizing
barrier, replacement with dean fill, and
revegetation. Approximately 300,000 cubic yards
of contaminated soil.
Priority
Soils
Timber Butte
Time-Critical
Removal
Completed
1989
Included removal of contaminated soils in two
residential yards, consolidation of waste rock
dumps, placement of a stabilizing barrier,
replacement with clean fill, and revegetation.
Approximately 40,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil type material.
Priority
Soils
Priority Soils
Time-Critical
Removal
Completed
1991
Included removal of contaminated soils
in nine residential yards, removal or
consolidation of waste rock dumps, a section of
railroad bed, placement of a stabilizing barrier,
replacement with clean fill, and revegetation.
This included 23 sites, amounting to
approximately 58 acres.
Priority
Soils
Colorado
Smelter Time-
Critical
Removal
Completed
January
1992
Included removal and consolidation of soils at
former smelter site. A temporary onsite disposal
area was created. Approximately 40,000 cubic
yards of contaminated soil.
Mine
Flooding
Travona
Expedited
Response
Action
On-going:
Initial work
completed
in 1989
Pumping of rising water of the Travona Mine to
prevent the water form flooding basements and
migrating into Silver Bow Creek. The contaminated
water is pumped to the Butte Metro Treatment
Plant where it is treated and released to Siver Bow
Creek. Approximately 107-million gallons of mine
water have been pumped and treated to date.
Pumping is stopped when the water level at the site
is brought below the desired control elevation and
resumed when necessary to keep the water below
the control level.
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55O
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Swink Mercury, Region 8
Swink, Colorado
Status:
All removal actions have been completed at this
site. Currently there is unrestricted use and
access to the homes previously affected by the
mercury.
Results and Benefits:
The children and other residents of the
contaminated homes would likely have
continued to be exposed to the hazardous
substance at the site had removal actions not
been implemented. Precipitation could have
spread the contamination further into the
community and eventually to tributaries of the
Arkansas River.
Background:
The EPA Emergency Response Branch was
called on Jury 11,1991, to respond to a mercury
spill in Swink, Colorado. The On-Scene
Coordinator informed a Technical Assistance
Team (TAT) that several children were playing
with mercury. Reports indicated that nine
people were exposed to the mercury and taken
to medical centers; some were experiencing
numbness of the extremities. The site consisted
of three houses: 105, 107, and 108 B Street.
Children had found approximately 8 to 10
ounces (by weight) of mercury in ajar in a garage
at the corner house, 105 B Street, and played
with it in the backyard. They then moved to the
front porch of 107 B Street, where they
continued to play with the mercury. One girl
started to feel numbness in her fingers and
noticed her gold rings had turned silver. She
called her father, who told the children to get
cleaned up and reported the incident to the
authorities. The children cleaned themselves
and bagged their clothing. Mercury droplets
could be seen at these two locations upon initial
inspection.
Actions:
On July 15,1991, a five-person team comprised
of EPA, TAT, and Emergency Response Cleanup
Services (ERCS) contractor personnel were
mobilized to stabilize the contamination. Using
a mercury vacuum machine, the team collected
free mercury from the affected play areas. The
contaminated play and yard areas were
vacuumed twice, once for free mercury and then
after an application of sodium thiosulfate.
Real-time air monitoring using a mercury vapor
analyzer was performed to determine if the
affected areas were cleansed below the cleanup
level of 0.05 mg/m3. Until the areas above this
standard were cleaned, respiratory equipment
was worn and the areas restricted. Mercury-
contaminated soil, decontamination water, and
clothing were containerized and staged for
proper disposal.
KPCl
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552
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Xtron Corporation Site, Region 8
Blanding, Utah
Status:
The time-critical removal action has removed
threats of a fire and explosion or a release of
toxic chemicals at the site. Since completion of
the removal action, the property has been
deeded to a nonprofit organization for the
establishment of a dinosaur museum.
Results and Benefits:
Due to the removal action, the threats of
contaminants to the environment and of an
explosion from the presence of a 5-pound
container of anhydrous ether were avoided. Fire
and an explosion could have endangered the
surrounding community, releasing
contaminants to the ground and in the air as
dust.
Prior to accepting the property, the nonprofit
organization had extensive soil and water
sampling conducted to ensure that cleanup was
complete. Due to the thoroughness of the
cleanup, local citizens were able to acquire the
site with little investment and to develop plans
for a dinosaur museum to benefit the
community. The nonprofit organization gained
use of the property for a nominal amount of
money and the owner (a responsible party)
received a tax credit for the sale. All taxes on
the property are current, and the State has given
the organization permission to begin the actual
design and construction of the museum. World-
renowned dinosaur sculptors have also joined
in the activity to establish this museum.
Background:
The site encompasses 10 acres within the city
limits of Blanding, Utah. The facility itself is 2
acres. Approximately 3,100 people live in
Blanding. The nearest residence is 350 feet
northeast of the site. A large number of homes
are located within a 1,500-yard radius of the
site.
The materials on the site were from a metals
processing and refining operation. The wastes
included 500 to 600 cubic yards of "treater
dust," 659 drums of acid leach sludges and
metal wastes, varying volumes of reagent-grade
acids and chemicals remaining in the "wet*
laboratory, and the contents of three surface
impoundments. These wastes contained high
concentrations of arsenic, arsenic trioxide,
selenium, lead, chromium, and cadmium. An
opened 5-pound container of ether was also
found in the laboratory area. Approximately 147
drums full of sodium arsenate were located on
a concrete slab attached to the building. The
drums were exposed to the elements and stored
within an unsecured fenced area. The majority
of the drums were corroded, and arsenate salts
were evident outside the drums and on the slab.
Due to a spillage of materials, there was also
some contamination of soil in a warehouse
attached to the building.
There had been reports of children playing on
the treater dust piles, and this was confirmed
by footprints and bicycle tracks. Also, the treater
dust had been mobilized by wind, motorized and
nonmotorized vehicles, and precipitation, and
had spread away from the piles. Due to the
unsecured nature of the site, direct contact with
the materials in the drums, the warehouse floor,
the laboratory chemicals, and the sludge pits
was possible.
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Xtron Corporation Site, Region 8
(Continued)
Actions:
In early 1988, the State requested EPA to Cleanup commenced on August 15, 1988, with
conduct a site investigation with the possibility the removal of the treater dust. Drum sampling,
of removal action after Xtron Corporation ceased overpacking, and removal began on August 22,
operations. EPA inspected the site on March 1988, and was completed on September 30,
14, 1988, and developed a preliminary 1988. Soil was removed from the warehouse
endangerment assessment based on the and the smelter room. The lagoons were
inspection. Subsequently, EPA developed an excavated for offsite removal and filled in with
Action Memorandum calling for the responsible clean soil while the entire site was graded.
parties to develop a cleanup plan to safeguard Cleanup was completed on September 30,1988.
the health of the community and the On August 25, 1989, after reviewing the data
environment. In June, the responsible parties from the site, EPA determined that the removal
secured the entire site with a chain-link fence action was complete.
and posted signs.
554
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REGION NINE
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Advanced Micro Devices (#915), Region 9
Sunnyvale, California
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. The ground-water extraction and
treatment plant has been operational for 8 years
and wiE continue to operate for approximately
4 more years. Deed restrictions have been
instituted to limit access to site ground water
until the cleanup standards have been met. The
site continues to be used for the manufacture
of semiconductors.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy has eliminated the threat
to human health and the environment by
removing the leaking tank and contaminated
soil and by treating the contaminated ground
water with an air stripper. Future
contamination of the surrounding soils and
ground water has also been prevented.
Background:
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915)
manufactures semiconductor and
microprocessor devices on a 5-1/2 acre site.
Building 915 was constructed in 1973 and
operated until 1991. At the time of the building's
construction, three underground acid
neutralization tanks were installed north of the
building. Additional underground tanks were
used to store photoresist solution, waste solvent,
and other miscellaneous solutions. In 1981,
the company identified volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in wells near the building.
In 1982, the company removed approximately
6,700 cubic yards of contaminated soil and the
three-tank underground neutralization system.
At that time, it was determined that one tank
had a hole in its side. Another tank, that
contained photoresist solution, also had been
leaking and was removed. Based on soil
sampling, excavation, and ground-water
monitoring data, the neutralization system leak
was labeled one source of the ground-water
contamination. Two other nearby National
Priorities List (NPL) sites, Advanced Micro
Devices, Inc. and TRW Microwave, Inc,
contributed to the ground-water contamination.
Between 1982 and 1985, 12 ground-water
extraction wells were installed to prevent the
migration of contaminants off site. A ground-
water treatment system, consisting of two air
stripping towers (one active, one reserve), and
aqueous phase activated carbon filtration units,
was constructed in 1984. Treated ground water
is reused as industrial process water or
discharged to a storm sewer tributary of
Calabazas Creek. The site was placed on the
NPL in September 1990.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. is located in a
residential and industrial area. Contamination
from the site can potentially reach the deep
ground water that supplies the municipal wells
within 3 miles of the site. These weEs provide
drinking water to approximately 200,000 people
in Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, and Mountain View.
tavr
-------
Advanced Micro Devices (#915), Region 9
(Continued)
Actions:
Remedial actions consisted of: continuing to reusing 100 percent of the treated effluent. The
extract and treat ground water; conducting treatment plant and extraction system have
periodic ground-water monitoring to verify operated properly for the past 8 years and are
plume containment and determine current expected to continue treating ground water for
plume boundaries; installing institutional another 4 years.
controls in the form of deed restrictions; and
558
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Region 9
Sunnyvale, California
Status:
This site is an active manufacturing facility.
Removal of contaminated soil has been
completed. Ground-water extraction and
treatment is continuing. Deed restrictions have
been instituted to limit access to ground water
until cleanup standards are met.
Results and Benefits:
The ground-water treatment system is helping
to keep contaminant levels within acceptable
limits and is preventing further spread of
contaminants. Deed and ground-water use
restrictions have been implemented to prevent
human exposure to contaminated ground water.
Background:
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is located
in a predominantly commercial and industrial
area. Approximately 50,000 people live within
3 miles of the site, and the nearest residence is
1/2-mile away. Approximately 300,000 people
depend on nearby municipal ground-water wells
as a source of drinking water. The municipal
wells, located about 1/2-mile from the site, have
not shown signs of contamination. No private
wells are used in the vicinity of the facility.
The 6-acre AMD site is an active semiconductor
manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale, Santa
Clara County, California. The site is part of a
larger study area that includes four operable
units (OUs); the AMD site, the Signetics site,
the 1-acre TRW Microwave site (TRW), and a
100-acre offsite contaminated ground-water
plume. Six aquifers are associated with the
study area including a deeper aquifer confirmed
only at the TRW and Signetics sites. As a result
of leakage from an acid neutralization system
at the site, investigations were conducted that
revealed extensive contamination of onsite soil
and ground water. Leakage from an
underground solvent storage tank at the
Signetics site and responses to an information
questionnaire regarding an underground tank
investigation at the TRW site resulted in a
number of investigations that revealed extensive
contamination of soil and ground water. Two
nearby National Priorities List (NPL) sites,
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) and
TRW, have contributed to the ground-water
contamination. Signetics, Inc., has been
removed from the NPL, but still is required to
participate in the cleanup under Regional Water
Quality Control Board orders. Currently, the
contaminated ground water is not used as a
drinking water supply, but the State considers
several of the aquifers in the area to be potential
drinking water sources.
Actions:
Several initial remedial measures were
conducted at the AMD OU. During 1983 and
1984, acid neutralization sumps and
approximately 217 cubic yards of contaminated
soil were removed. In 1984, the State issued a
cleanup and abatement order, requiring AMD,
Signetics, and TRW to develop a joint plan to
prevent the further migration of contaminants.
A new order was issued in April 1989, requiring
an investigation with the neighboring TRW and
Signetics sites. The order did not include AMD
Building 915, which is an adjacent, but separate
site.
SS9
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Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Region 9
(Continued)
From 1984 to 1988, ground-water remediation
was initiated with the installation of extraction
wells and dewatering sumps. Ground water is
extracted from 18 offsite wells installed as part
of the cleanup activities for the NPL sites in the
area and is treated by the air stripping tower,
followed by carbon adsorption at the Advanced
Micro Devices, Inc. (Building 915) site, located
about 1/2 mile away. About one fifth of the
treated water is discharged to a storm drain that
empties into Calabazas Creek. The remainder
is reused as industrial process water.
The Record of Decision (ROD) was approved by
EPA in September 1991. The selected remedial
action for this site included separate remedies
for the four different OUs of the study area. The
remedy for the AMD OU included excavating 37
cubic yards of onsite contaminated soil, followed
by offsite incineration and/or disposal, and
backfilling the excavation with clean soil;
continuing onsite pumping and treatment of
ground water using air stripping and carbon
adsorption of off gasses, followed by reuse of
the treated water; continued ground-water
monitoring; and implementing institutional
controls including deed and ground-water use
restrictions. EPA and the Regional Water Quality
Control Board will be conducting a 5-year review
of the site in 1996. At that time, the
performance of the ground-water pump and
treat system will be evaluated and adjusted, if
necessary.
560
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Applied Materials, Region 9
Santa Clara, California
Status;
The contaminant source has been removed, and
a ground-water pump and treat system has been
operating for 10 years. The long-term remedial
action will continue until California drinking
water standards are achieved. The site is
currently used for industrial purposes,
specifically the manufacture of silicon wafers.
Results and Benefits:
The source of ground-water contamination has
been removed. The risk to human health from
ground-water contamination has been
eliminated by imposing deed restrictions and
mandating cleanup to safe drinking water levels.
Background:
The Applied Materials site is a 9-acre site that
has been used to manufacture equipment used
in silicon wafer manufacturing. The area
surrounding the site has residential, light
industrial, and commercial uses.
to 1983, AppHed Materials discovered volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) down gradient from
some underground storage tanks. Specific
chemicals of concern include trichloroethane
(1,1,1-TCA), dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), and
dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE). Ground-water
contamination appears to be localized under or
nearby the facility.
Actions:
As in interim response action, ground-water
extraction and treatment (air stripping followed
by discharge to storm sewer) began in 1984. In
1985, the tanks were excavated, and about 60
cubic yards of soil were removed.
The 1990 Record of Decision (ROD) selected the
existing pump and treat system with a few minor
modifications. An investigation was begun in
1990 to determine the effect of potentially
contaminated soil under the building. The 1993
ROD reaffirms the selected ground-water
remedy and requires no action on vadose
(unsaturated shallow) zone soils. A deed
restriction to prevent drinking water well
installation has been placed on the site property,
and the Santa Clara Valley Water District will
not issue a drilling permit in this area. Pump
and treat will continue until California drinking
water standards are achieved. This is expected
to occur about year 2005.
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562
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Beckman Instruments, Region 9
Tulare County, California
Status:
In 1983, the evaporation pond liquids, liners,
and surface soils were removed and disposed
of. In 1985, the facility installed a ground-water
pump and treat system to stop the westward
spread of contaminants in the upper aquifer and
to begin cleaning the ground water. In 1987,
an eastern containment/reclamation well field
was installed. As of January 1990, ground-
water cleanup standards were achieved in the
upper aquifer; however, the upper aquifer is still
monitored, and treatment of ground water in
the lower aquifer is still in progress. Excavation
and removal of the lead-contaminated soil was
completed in March 1990. The site is currently
used for light industrial purposes; specifically,
the manufacture of circuit boards and electronic
equipment.
Results and Benefits:
The pump and treat system at the facility has
been effective in reducing the levels of
contamination in the ground water. Cleanup
standards for the surface and upper aquifer have
been achieved. Soils contaminated with lead
have been removed from the site, which
eliminates the potential for direct exposure to
hazardous materials at the site. When the
cleanup standards are attained in the lower
aquifer, the site will have unlimited use and
unrestricted exposure.
Background:
This site is located near the southern limit of
the city of Porterville in Tulare County,
approximately 25 miles southeast of Visalia on
the eastern fringe of California's central valley.
The site study area occupies 12 acres of a 500-
acre site and consists of the Beckman property
and farm/residential property to the west. A
municipal water supply well is located about 500
feet northwest of the facility. Ground-water
monitoring of the surrounding area indicated
the presence of elevated levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals.
Beckman Instruments has manufactured
printed circuit boards and electronic component
parts at the facility since 1968. From 1974 to
1983, wastes (including spent halogenated
solvents, acid solutions, and heavy metals) were
disposed of in an evaporation pond on site.
Other areas where wastes were dumped include
a former etchant tank, the ammonium
persulfate and copper waste discharge area, and
the depression area.
Actions:
In response to enforcement actions taken by the
Regional Water Quality Control Board, and the
California Department of Toxic Substances
Control, the facility initiated ground-water
monitoring in the vicinity of the evaporation
pond in late 1982, in conjunction with closure
of the pond. Discharges to the pond were
terminated in January 1983. In 1985, the
facility installed a ground-water pump and treat
system to stop the westward spread of
contaminants in the upper aquifer. As of
January 1990, ground-water cleanup standards
were achieved in the upper aquifer. Also,
excavation and removal of the lead-
contaminated soil was completed in 1990. An
eastern containment/reclamation well field was
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Beckman Instruments, Region 9
(Continued)
installed in 1987. Ground water extracted from
this area is pumped to an onsite air stripping
tower. As of September 1993, the cleanup
criteria for the ground water was expected to be
achieved in 2 to 48 years, with subsequent long-
term monitoring for up to 20 years.
564
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Celtor Chemical Works, Region 9
Humboldt County, California
Status:
The Celtor Chemical Works site is an abandoned
ore processing facility. Currently, the site is
inactive; all cleanup actions have been
completed. Only minor operation and
maintenance activities are required at the site.
Results and Benefits;
Contaminated soils have been excavated and
removed, eliminating the potential for direct
exposure to hazardous materials at the site.
After cleanup actions were completed, EPA and
the State determined that the site met human
health and environmental goals.
Background:
The Celtor Chemical Works site, located at the
northern end of the Hoopa Valley in Humboldt
County, California, is approximately 2.5 acres
of mountainous land and is owned by the Hoopa
Valley Indian Tribe. The Tribe leased the land
to the Celtor Chemical Corporation, which
extracted copper, zinc, and precious metals
onsite from sulfide ore mined and trucked from
the nearby Copper Bluff Mine. Celtor operated
from 1958 until 1962, when it abandoned the
site. Mine tailings generated from the milling
operations were left onsite. These tailings, along
with nonspecific releases of processed ore, are
believed to be the cause of the acidic surface
water runoff and elevated metals concentrations
in the soils throughout the site, ta addition,
the tailings may have caused pollution and
numerous fish kills for which the California
Department of Fish and Game cited the Ceitor
Chemical Corporation.
The main features of the site are: an adjacent
pasture used for grazing livestock, a gully
connecting the plant and the Trinity River, a
drainage creek that collects surface runoff and
carries it into the Trinity River, and a fishing
access road that is heavily used by local
residents. About 900 people Eve within 3 miles
of the site. The Trinity River, which supports
the only fish resources for the Hoopa Indians,
flows through the center of the Reservation and
near the site.
Actions:
The site was discovered in 1981 as part of the
abandoned site program industrial waste facility
survey conducted by the State. Due to high
concentrations of heavy metals in soil and
surface water samples, the site was added to
the National Priorities List (NPL) in September
1983. More extensive sampling uncovered high
concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium,
arsenic, and mercury in the surficial soil and
acidic surface water.
Initial remedial actions were implemented at the
site in October 1983, and included excavation
and offsite disposal of 1,400 cubic yards of
visibly contaminated material. This material
included tailings, nonconcrete structures, and
a portion of the pasture adjacent to the site.
The main portion of the site was fenced, and
the access road was covered with gravel. The
flow of several springs was diverted away from
contaminated areas and into a nearby creek
emptying into the Trinity River.
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Celtor Chemical Works, Region 9
(Continued)
In October 1984, EPA conducted the remedial
investigation (RI) and identified additional
contamination in the soil. On September 30,
1985, EPA signed the Record of Decision (ROD)
for the site. The selected alternative for the
second remedial action included excavation and
offsite disposal of all soils contaminated above
site-specific action levels at a RCRA-approved
hazardous waste disposal facility. Action levels
for contaminants in soil were based primarily
on the acceptable range of contaminant levels
in soil as derived from the EPA National Ambient
Water Quality criteria. On September 30,1988,
the last shipment left the site; on October 14,
1988, all backfilling and revegetation were
completed. All cleanup actions have been
completed, and no further action is necessary.
A 5-year review was conducted in September
1993, and a second 5-year review will be
conducted in 1998.
566
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
CTS Printer, Incorporated, Region 9
Mountain View, California
Status:
Currently, the ground-water extraction and
treatment system is operational. Monitoring is
being conducted to identify when the ground
water no longer poses a significant threat to
human health or the environment. Except for
the ongoing ground-water cleanup activities.
The site is currently being used to manufacture
circuit boards.
Results and Benefits:
The excavation and disposal of contaminated
soil, the installation of the neutralization system,
and the operation of the ground-water extraction
and treatment system have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminated materials
at the site.
Background:
The 5.5-acre CTS Printex, Incorporated site is
located in Mountain View, California, a city of
approximately 61,000 people. More than
188,000 people live within 3 miles of the site
and use ground water from municipal wells as
one source of drinking water. Pennanente Creek
is located 400 feet from the site. This creek and
all surface water in the area discharge to San
Francisco Bay, 2.5 miles north of the site.
CTS Printex manufactured printed circuit
boards on this site from 1966 to 1985. The
facility used a wet and dry process to
manufacture the circuit boards. The wet process
occurred in the "wet-floor" building, where
process water containing heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was
discharged to the floor drains and ultimatety into
a neutralization sump. The plant received a
license from the City of Mountain View that
allowed the sump to discharge into the city's
sewer system. The facility also generated other
waste solvents that were disposed of offsite. Data
from environmental monitoring show that the
soils under the "wet-floor" are contaminated with
copper and lead. Also, ground water on and
offsite is contaminated with VOCs and heavy
metals from discharges to the Vet-floor" and the
neutralization sump.
Actions:
In 1986, the company excavated 255 cubic yards
of soil under the building, decontaminated the
building, and sent the wastes to an approved
storage facility for hazardous wastes. The
company also excavated the neutralization
system between 1985 and 1986 and backfilled
the area with gravel, clay, and asphalt. Three
onsite, and one offsite extraction wells have been
pumping ground water since 1987 and
discharging it to Mountain View's sanitary sewer
system under a permit from the City. Three
additional offsite extraction wells began pumping
in 1989. In 1987 and 1989, the California
Regional Water Control Board issued cleanup
and abatement orders that required the company
to be more expeditious and thorough in its
schedule for cleaning up the site.
Under the State's oversite, the company started
a study of the nature and extent of contamination
at the site in 1989. The State used the results of
this study to evaluate and make
recommendations on methods for addressing the
remaining ground-water contamination. The
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CTS Printex, Incorporated, Region 9
(Continued)
study was completed in 1991 and recommended
extraction and treatment of the ground water.
The ground-water pump and treat system is still
in operation and will continue until ground-
water monitoring shows that the levels are not
a threat to human health or the environment.
During the third quarter of 1993, over 300,000
gallons of ground water were extracted and
treated at the site. Overall, about 8 gallons of
dissolved trichloroethylene (TCE) have been
removed from 97.5-million gallons of extracted
ground water.
568
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Del Norte Pesticide Storage, Region 9
Crescent City, California
Status:
This site is undergoing long-term remedial
action, and the construction phase of the action
is complete and operating properly. The only
operation and maintenance requirement at this
site is the ground-water pump and treat system,
which includes monitoring.
Results and Benefits:
The removal of contaminated soils and the
installation of the ground-water pump and treat
system at the facility have greatly reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminated materials
at the site.
Background:
The Del Norte Pesticide Storage site is less than
1 acre of land (within a 480-acre parcel owned
by the County) located approximately 1 mile
northwest of Crescent City, California, and is
bordered by the Pacific Ocean, State-owned
land, residences, and farmland. Certain areas
surrounding the site and within the 480-acre
parcel owned by the county are seasonal
wetlands. Private wells supply the domestic
water to the area, and four wells are located
within 2,500 feet of the site. Approximately 250
people live within 1 mile of the site.
The site operated from 1970 to 1981 and
accepted containers from local agricultural and
forestry related industries. The site was
intended to be an interim or emergency storage
area for pesticide containers that previously had
been triple-rinsed and punctured. Site
investigations revealed that a sump,
approximately 15 feet by 20 feet, was the
primary area of soil contamination, with organic
compounds detected to a depth of approximately
12 feet below grade. It is suspected that wastes
and/or rinse water were disposed of in the sump.
In 1982/1983, approximately 1,600 drums that
had held the wastes and rinse water were
recovered and recycled by the County
Agricultural Department.
Preliminary investigations from 1981 to 1983
identified that the soil and ground water were
contaminated with herbicides, pesticides, and
volatile and semivolatile organic compounds.
Primary contaminants detected in both soil and
ground water were 2,4-D and 1,2-
dichloropropane. The site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in the fall of 1993.
Actions:
The remedy that EPA selected in the September
30, 1985, Record of Decision (ROD) for the site
included: excavation and offsite disposal of
contaminated soils from the sump and trench
areas to a RCRA treatment, storage, and
disposal facility (TSDF); extraction of
contaminated ground water; treatment of
ground water contaminated by organics and
pesticides by carbon adsorption; offsite disposal
of spent carbon filters to a RCRA TSDF;
treatment of chromium-contaminated ground
water by coagulation and sand filtration
technologies; offsite disposal of chromium rich
waste brine to a RCRA TSDF; piping treated
ground water to the county sewer main; and
ground-water monitoring.
KRfl
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Del Norte Pesticide Storage, Region 9
(Continued)
In a 1987 EPA removal action, approximately
350 cubic yards of contaminated soils were
excavated and properly disposed of at Envirosafe
Services of Idaho (ESI). This material was
considered to be the source of ground-water
contamination. The concentration of pesticides
in the ground water decreased due to the
removal of this source of contamination, high
rainfall rates, volatilization, and biodegradation.
Therefore, the ground-water treatment remedy
of carbon filtration, coagulation, and sand
filtration was changed to aeration, a much less
expensive technology, in the September 21,
1989, explanation of significant differences
(ESD). An air stripping ground-water treatment
system was constructed in 1989 and has been
successfully treating the ground water prior to
discharge to the municipal waste treatment
system. The system has been operating
effectively since 1990. In 1991, operations were
temporarily halted while repairs were made to a
pipe that had been damaged due to freezing.
As of January 1995, approximately 14-million
gallons of contaminated ground water have been
treated and discharged.
570
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Fairchild Semiconductor Corp., Region 9
San Jose, California
Status:
All construction activities at the Fairchild
Semiconductor Corporation site have been
completed. The extraction and treatment
systems have been operational and functional
since the initiation of interim measures in 1982.
The only activity remaining at the site is a long-
term response action addressing the restoration
of ground-water quality that is expected to be
complete in 15 years. A 5-year review was
completed in 1993. The site is currently used
for the manufacture of semiconductors.
Results and Benefits:
Once complete, the remedy selected in the
Record of Decision (ROD) will assure
protectiveness through restoration of ground
water to its beneficial use. Attainment of
cleanup standards will allow unlimited use and
unrestricted exposure to soil and ground water.
Deed restrictions have been established to
prevent use of the aquifers within the slurry wall
for drinking water supplies and to restrict
activities in the subsurface that could damage
the slurry wall. Human health is being protected
in the interim, while the long-term response
action is underway.
Background:
The 22-acre Fairchild Semiconductor
Corporation site is a former semiconductor
manufacturing facility located on Bernal Road
in the City of San Jose. The facility operated
from April 1977 until 1983. It is one of 28
National Priorities List (NPL) sites in the South
Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these
sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals,
primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which
contaminated a common ground-water basin.
Private wells at the site were sealed in the 1980s.
In October 1981, a leaking underground tank
was discovered at the Fairchild facility, releasing
an estimated 60,000 gallons of waste solvent.
The tank and associated contaminated soil were
removed in 1982. Solvents were detected in high
concentrations in three aquifers (A, B, and C)
and one drinking water supply well. The well
was closed, and an extensive soil and ground-
water treatment program was initiated. Ground-
water contamination initially extended
downgradient about 4,500 feet from the facility
property. The areal extent of soil and ground-
water contamination on facility property has
been reduced to approximately 4 acres. TCA
and 1,1-DCE are the only chemicals currently
detected outside the slurry wall, and
concentrations are below the Maximum
Contaminant Levels. A computer model shows
that cleanup requirements for the B aquifer
outside the slurry wall will be reached in
approximately 15 years whether offsite
extraction wells are operating or not. The final
Esting on the NPL occurred on October 4,1989.
Actions:
Fairchild has been extracting and treating
ground water from the affected aquifers as part
of an interim cleanup program since January
1982. Other interim actions taken by Fairchild
included removing the defective tank, excavating
and land disposing of 3,400 cubic yards of soil
at a regulated hazardous waste facility, installing
a slurry wall around the perimeter of the
ttvi
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Fairchlld Semiconductor Corp., Region 9
(Continued)
property, sealing the contaminated well and
other old conduit wells, and performing soil
vapor extraction of soils in the area of the former
waste solvent tank. The site was fenced to limit
access during soil treatment, but the fence has
since been removed.
EPA selected pump and treat (air stripping) and
soil vapor extraction technologies in concert with
the slurry wall as the final cleanup plan for the
site. Fairchild has implemented the selected
remedy under a State administrative order and
with State oversight. EPA has continued in the
role of support agency. The full-scale soil vapor
extraction system was constructed and
operational and functional by November 1988.
Additionally, Fairchild has operated the ground-
water extraction and treatment systems since
May 1982.
Fairchild has been required to routinely monitor
the affected aquifers. The last C aquifer recovery
well was removed from service on September 6,
1988, and monitoring indicates chemical
concentrations remain below the cleanup level.
In February 1989 a plan was initiated to
temporarily suspend pumping in the B aquifer
outside of the slurry wall. In 1991, Fairchild
implemened a State-approved plan to
temporarily cease pumping in the B aquifer
outside the slurry wall. Currently, ground water
is pumped and treated from the onsite aquifer
inside the slurry wall. Chemical removal rates
for the soil vapor extraction system decreased
such that only 2 years of operation were
performed. In May 1990, the soil vapor
extraction system was shut down within the
slurry wall as authorized by EPA and the State.
572
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Firestone lire, Region 9
Salinas, California
Status:
Remedial actions at this site have been
successful. The removal and capping of the
contaminated soil and the extraction and
treatment of contaminated ground water have
reduced the potential of exposure to
contaminants at the site while final ground-
water treatment activities are being completed.
The site is currently used for warehouse
facilities.
Results and Benefits:
Prompted by EPA, Firestone Tire & Rubber has
assumed responsibility for cleanup of its
Superfund site located near Salinas, California.
Recent monitoring has demonstrated that the
cleanup action has significantly reduced the size
of the contaminated ground-water plume.
Treatment will continue until all cleanup goals
have been met. Residents claiming serious
health effects from chemicals leaching into their
drinking water due to the company's disposal
practices were awarded compensation. The 43-
acre site, which included the former plant's
infrastructure, was sold in February 1993 as
part of a 102-acre parcel for use as a general
warehousing facility.
Background:
The Firestone Tire site consists of a 43-acre
former tire manufacturing plant within a 256-
acre parcel. The site is located in a rural
farmland area about 6 miles southeast of
Salinas, California. Various chemicals,
including petroleum fuels, solvents, and
processing oils, were apparently spilled during
the manufacturing processes. Contamination
at the site was discovered in 1983 during the
plant closing. Soil and ground water were found
to be contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Neighbors of the
community near Salinas became concerned
when wells near the manufacturing plant
showed offset contaminant migration. An
estimated 400 drinking water wells have been
identified in the area.
Actions:
Firestone Tire & Rubber was required to assume
financial responsibility for the Superfund site
cleanup. Initial response actions included
removal of contaminated soil, ground-water
treatment, and soil capping. For the remedy,
EPA required the installation of five extraction
wells to pump and treat ground water from
shallow and intermediate aquifers. The
treatment will continue until all site cleanup
goals have been achieved.
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Page Intentionally Blank
574
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Intel Corp. (Santa Clara #3), Region 9
Santa Clara, California
Status:
Extraction and treatment of ground water is the
selected remedy for this site. Intel estimated
that 11 years will be required to reach the
cleanup standard of 5 ppb in all monitoring wells
at the site. Once this remedy is completed, no
hazardous substances will remain onsite above
levels that would limit the use and unrestricted
exposure. Since this remedy will require greater
than 5 years to achieve cleanup levels, a 5-year
review will be conducted. The 5-year review is
scheduled for completion by September 30,
1996. A deed restriction prohibits use of onsite
shallow ground water for drinking water and
controls other subsurface activities. The deed
restrictions shall remain in place until safe
drinking water levels are achieved. The Intel
Santa Clara 3 (SC3) facility continues to operate
at the site.
Results and Benefits:
Contaminant concentrations in ground water
have declined to levels corresponding to an
acceptable risk range since pumping started in
1985. Intel estimated 11 years as the time
required to reach the cleanup standard in all
monitoring wells at the site. Once this remedy
is completed, no hazardous substances will
remain onsite above levels that would limit the
use and unrestricted exposure at the site. A
deed restriction prohibits use of onsite shallow
ground water for drinking water and controls
other subsurface activities, thereby, protecting
human health. The deed restrictions will remain
in place until safe drinking water levels are
achieved. A 5-year review will be conducted to
ensure that the remedy remains protective.
Background:
Intel Corporation owns and operates the 4-acre
SC3 facility, which performs quality control of
chemicals and electrical testing of
semiconductors. The site has been in operation
since 1976. It is one of 28 National Priorities
List (NPL) sites in the South Bay Area of San
Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a
variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated
organic solvents, which have contaminated a
common ground-water basin. Cleanup activities
at some of these sites have been combined as
part of an area-wide approach to the
contamination. The site overlies the Santa Clara
Valley ground-water basin which provides up
to 50 percent of the municipal drinking water
for the 1.4 million residents of the Santa Clara
Valley. The following substances have been
detected in the ground water: trichloroethylene
(TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1-
dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), 1,1-dichloroethane
(1,1-DCA), and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA).
The site was placed final on the NPL in June
1986.
The ground-water treatment system operates
tinder NPDES permit No. CA0028941 for the
discharge of treated ground water. The remedial
investigation (RI) identified three potential
source areas at the site: (1) leaks from the
secondarily contained acid waste neutralization
tank, (2) accidental spills near the above ground
solvent storage facility, and (3) solvent spills
associated with cleaning out pipes placed in
service during the construction of the SC3
building. Twelve A-zone and four B-zone
monitoring wells were installed onsite to define
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Intel Corp. (Santa Clara #3), Region 9
(Continued)
the extent of the plume. The final feasibility
study (FS) was submitted in February 1990.
Actions:
Intel has been extracting A-zone ground water
from two extraction wells since February 1985.
Construction of the original ground-water pump
and treat system occurred during 1984 when
the Regional Board approved interim measures
for the site. A Record of Decision (ROD) was
signed September 20, 1990, with the following
remedy selected: (1) continued ground-water
extraction until drinking water quality is
achieved, with treatment using a granular
activated charcoal (GAC) system and discharge
to San Tomas Aquino Creek under the existing
NPDES permit; (2) continued quarterly ground-
water monitoring at the site during the cleanup
period; (3) a demonstration project to evaluate
the efficacy of intermittent pumping of the
extraction wells; and (4) deed restrictions to
prohibit use of onsite shallow ground water for
drinking water until safe drinking water levels
are achieved. Construction activities identified
in the ROD included installation of an additional
extraction and monitoring well, which was
installed in August 1990, with ground-water
extraction from the well beginning in December
1990.
Approximately 30,000 gallons per day of ground
water are extracted and treated by the GAC
system. The first phase of the project was
conducted between April and August 1991.
Except for shutdowns associated with
maintenance, the extraction wells operated
continuously between June 17, 1991, and
December 31,1991. A number of different cyclic
pumping schemes have been tried, but no
significant increase in efficiency has been
demonstrated. Intel claims that ground-water
pollutant concentrations have reached
asymptotic levels requiring no further treatment
and manageable through deed restrictions and
long-term monitoring.
576
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Intel Magnetics, Region 9
Santa Clara, California
Status:
All construction activities have been completed
for the Intel Magnetics (IM) site. EPA and the
Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB)
conducted a pre-final inspection of the Long-
Term Remedial Action (LTRA) on November 7,
1990, and determined that the Potentially
Responsible Parties (PRPs) had constructed the
remedy in accordance with the Record of
Decision (ROD). Ground-water extraction and
treatment will continue until cleanup standards
are achieved. Quarterly ground-water
monitoring will also be conducted by RWQCB
until cleanup standards are achieved. A deed
restriction on ground-water use and other
subsurface activities is in place. The businesses
causing the contamination are no longer
operating at the site, but the buildings are leased
to other tenants, with the electronics industry
still dominating the area.
Results and Benefits:
The installation of a ground water pump and
treat system greatly reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminated ground water at the
IM site while cleanup activities were being
planned, and operation of an expanded system
will continue until cleanup standards are met.
The cleanup standards for the site are protective
of human health. The deed restrictions will
remain in place and ground-water monitoring
will continue until the cleanup standards are
met, in order to ensure the protectiveness of the
remedy.
Background:
This 1-acre site is located in an industrial park
in the City of Santa Clara, California. IM
produced and tested magnetic products and
bubble memories at the site from 1978 to 1987.
Micro Storage occupied the site from 1985 to
1986 and used the facility for research and
development and pilot manufacturing. Micro
Storage also occupied a property adjacent to and
upgradient from Intel Magnetics that
contributed to the contamination. Onsite
monitoring wells are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) believed to have
resulted from surface spills and a leak from an
underground storage tank. The PRPs, under
State supervision, completed the remedial
investigation in early 1991. Trichloroethene,
1,1-dichloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethene, and
Freon 113 were detected at levels above the
drinking water standards. The site was listed
on the NPL in June 1986.
The IM site is one of 28 NPL sites in the South
Bay Area of San Francisco where a variety of
toxic chemicals (primarily chlorinated organic
solvents) were used, and are believed to have
contaminated a common ground water basin.
Cleanup activities at some of these sites have
been combined as part of an area-wide approach
to contamination. The extraction system at the
IM site is coordinated with operations at the
nearby Metropolitan Corporate Center (MCC)
site, to maiximize pollutant removal and
minimize hydraulic effects on the other site's
plume.
Actions:
Intel installed a system to pump and treat
contaminated ground water in 1990.
Installation of an expanded ground-water
extraction and treatment system was certified
•err
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Intel Magnetics, Region 9
(Continued)
in January 1991. Treated ground water is
discharge under NPDES permit number
CA0029670. The ROD issued August 26, 1991
specified a remedy with the following
components: continued ground-water
extraction until cleanup standards are achieved
in all monitoring wells; hydraulic containment
of the entire ground-water plume above cleanup
standards and continued ground-water
extraction at the four existing wells;
maintenance of hydraulic control to prohibit the
further vertical and horizontal migration of the
ground-water contamination; continued
quarterly ground-water monitoring during the
cleanup period; treatment of extracted ground
water with the existing carbon adsorption
system; and a deed restriction prohibiting the
use of onsite shallow ground water for drinking
water and controlling other subsurface
activities.
578
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Intersil/Siemens Components, Region 9
Cupertino, California
Status:
Intersil is inactive, but Siemens continues to
operate semiconductor manufacturing onsite.
Remedial action has prevented the spread of a
ground-water plume into city drinking water.
As a deterrent to future ground-water
contamination, Siemens now stores waste
solvent about ground and has an aboveground
wastewater treatment facility. Monitoring will
continue to verify that safe levels are met.
Results and Benefits:
The public water supplies for the cities of
Cupertino, Santa Clara, and Sunnyvale continue
to meet all Federal and State waster quality
standards.
Background:
In 1982, the California Water Control Board sent
out a questionnaire that led to the identification
of soil and ground-water contamination at the
Intersil, Inc., and Siemens Components site and
27 other sites located in Santa Clara County.
Aware of the potential for contamination to the
common aquifer that supplies drinking water
to the Town of Cupertino, the State of California
and the potentially responsible parties
responded promptly to address ground-water
contamination.
EPA conducted an investigation of the two
neighboring semiconductor manufacturers,
Intersil, Inc. and Siemens Components, and
found leaks in storage tanks used for solvents,
underground sumps, nd basins for wastewater
treatment. Very high levels of trichloroethene
(TCE), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA), and freon
were found in ground-water samples taken on
the properties. Low levels of these contaminants
were also found in a deep private irrigation well
about a 1/2-mile from the site; this well was
subsequently sealed.
Actions:
Initial actions included removal of underground
storage tanks, installation of a pump and treat
ground-water system, and installation of a vapor
extraction system to remove volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from soE around the tanks.
Approximately 40 cubic yards of soil have been
removed. Soil vapor extraction and air stripping
were selected in conjunction with pump and
treat technology to speed up the release of
organic contaminants from the soil and water,
respectively. An onsite carbon adsorption unit
treats the extracted water from 23 wells before
it is discharged into Calabazas Creek.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Jibboom Junkyard, Region 9
Sacramento, California
Status:
Rem'edial actions, including removal of lead-
contaminated soil, replacement with clean soil,
and landscaping, were completed in 1987. Since
this time, approximately one-half of the 9-acre
site has been taken in the construction of a major
highway. Additional redevelopment scenarios
are under consideration for the remainder of the
property including State offices or museums.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the excavation and offsite removal
of lead-contaminated soils, removal of hazardous
materials from an onsite plant, and removal of
underground fuel tanks, the former salvage yard
and power plant can now be used for State office
buildings.
In the mid- to late-1980s, an interstate highway
claimed approximately half of the site during its
construction. A California State agency
purchased from the State Department of Parks
and Recreation the remaining 4.5-acre property
in 1988 for the appraised value of $1.8 million.
As a result of its riverfront location, State
developers wish to reclaim this property to house
the California Water Project and State Flood
Response operations. The national Weather
Service and Federal Bureau of Land Reclamation
have also expressed interest in the site. All plans
are currently on hold until the California
Department of Transportation decides if it will
place an offramp from an adjacent highway
across the site.
Background:
This site is located in an industrial section of
Sacramento that borders the Sacramento River
2,000 feet downstream from the convergence of
the American and Sacramento Rivers.
A power company occupied the site until 1957,
when it became a scrap yard for old railroad
cars, automobiles, and other salvageables. The
property was subsequently listed as the State's
most toxic site.
Actions:
Remedial actions called for excavation and
offsite removal of lead and other heavy-metal-
contaminated soils. In 1986 and 1987,
approximately 12,000 tons of lead-contaminated
soils were removed from the site. Clean soil was
then brought in, graded and revegetated.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Mountain View Mobile Homes, Region 9
Mountain View, Arizona
Status:
Construction at the Mountain View Mobile
Homes site has been completed. The site was
deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL) in
1988.
Results and Benefits:
EPA and the State have determined that the site
is protective of human health and the
environment and that no further cleanup is
required. The numerous cleanup and relocation
activities have eliminated the potential of
exposure to asbestos-laden materials at the
Mountain View Mobile Homes site.
Background:
The 17-acre Mountain View Homes site was
developed in 1973 on the site of the former
Metate Asbestos Corporation's chrysotile
asbestos mill. Two of the mills were ordered
closed by the County in 1973 when they failed
to meet new EPA standards for emmissions.
Before closing, however, the owner of one of the
mill sites obtained a permit to rezone the
property into a residential subdivision. Before
shutting down, the mills continued operating
for several weeks while residents were moving
into the mobile homes. The third mill, with its
large pile of asbestos mill tailings, continued to
operate a few hundred yards from the mobile
homes. In 1979, asbestos contamination of the
site was discovered by local health officials
inspecting the waste disposal system at the site.
Small piles of asbestos mill tailings were found
against the abandoned mill structures and the
adjacent railroad tracks. Asbestos mill tailings
were used as primary landfill material before
the site was partially covered with topsoil.
Approximately 100 to 130 people lived in the
mobile home park. In 1980, the State provided
temporary housing for the residents while the
site was being decontaminated. The old mill
buildings were demolished, and topsoil was used
to cover the contaminated soil. Wind, water,
and human activity soon eroded the soil
covering, which exposed the asbestos tailings
again.
Actions:
In 1980, the State provided temporary housing
for the residents while the site was being
decontaminated. The old mill buildings were
demolished, and topsoil was used to cover the
contaminated soil. Wind, water, and human
activity soon eroded the soil covering, which
exposed the asbestos tailings again.
Remedial actions at the Mountain View Mobile
Homes site included: permanently relocating the
mobile home residents. Permanent relocation
of all residents was completed in 1985, and
ownership of the purchased property was
transferred to the State. Following relocation
of the residents, the site was cleaned up. The
homes and other structures were crushed and
buried offsite in two natural depressions.
Drainage culverts and enclosed pipes were
installed to reduce the potential for erosion of
the cover soils. A filter fabric was placed over
the entire site to act as a physical barrier to
upward movement of asbestos fibers and to
prevent erosion. Clean soil was placed over the
filter fabric, and compacted and crushed rocks
were added to complete the cover. The site was
•too
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Mountain View Mobile Homes, Region 9
(Continued)
fenced to protect the integrity of the cover. EPA
and the State have determined that the site is
protective of human health and the environment
and that no further cleanup is required. The
site was deleted from the NPL in 1988.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
SOLA Optical USA, Inc., Site, Region 9
Petaluma, California
Status:
As part of remedial action, SOLA is presently
operating a ground-water extraction and
treatment systems. It is estimated that this
operation will continue for 15 to 20 years, or
until the cleanup standards are achieved and
continuously maintained throughout the
aquifer. The site is currently operated by SOLA,
which manufactures ophthalmic lenses.
Results and Benefits:
SOLA has addressed the principal threats by
removing the underground tanks and
contaminated soils adjacent to the tanks. Based
on the results of the risk assessment and a
ground-water model, the residual extent and
concentration of contamination in the soils no
longer present a threat to human health.
Background:
The SOLA site is located in southern Sonoma
County, on the southeastern edge of the City of
Petaluma. SOLA has been manufacturing hard-
resin ophthalmic lenses since 1978 at its 35-
acre facility in Petaluma's industrial area.
In May 1982, SOLA identified low levels of
solvents in ground water near six underground
solvent storage tanks. SOLA used these six
1,000-gallon tanks to store trichloroethane,
acetone, and methanol. In 1985, SOLA
independently removed the underground
storage tanks, which involved excavating gravel
back-fill and an additional 3 feet of surrounding
soil from the sides and bottom of the tank. SOLA
collected 22 soil samples from the pit. Based
on the analyses of these samples, an additional
2 feet was excavated.
SOLA'S early investigations also confirmed that
the ground water at the site was contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
methylene chloride.
Actions:
In 1983, the regional water control department
directed SOLA to further investigate the ground
water at the site. In 1987, the regional water
control department issued a cleanup order to
SOLA to construct a ground-water extraction
and treatment system. The SOLA site was
proposed for the National Priorities List (NPL)
in June 1988, the same year its ground-water
extraction and treatment system began
operating.
In 1990, SOLA installed nine additional
monitoring wells. Samples taken from these
wells indicated the VOC-contaminated ground
water was largely limited to the SOLA property.
SOLA currently discharges its treated ground
water to the nearby Adobe Creek under a
National Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit. SOLA has financed
and conducted a remedial investigation and
feasibility study under an EPA Administrative
Consent Order signed in 1989. SOLA has also
paid past costs and oversight costs incurred by
EPA.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Spectra Physics, Inc., Region 9
Mountain View, California
Status:
Spectra Physics, Inc. continues manufacturing
electronics components and gas lasers and
monitors the site quarterly. As a result of
remedial actions, soil has been cleaned up.
Quarterly monitoring of 60 wells will continue
until safety standards are met. Air stripping is
being used to conjunction with the pumping and
treating of ground water to speed up the cleanup
process, and will continue until drinking water
standards are met.
Results and Benefits:
Remedial actions at this site prevented the
spread of a ground-water plume into the public
drinking water supply. The contaminated
ground-water plume migration offsite has been
addressed by extraction wells. Water supplies
for the cities of Cupertino, Santa Clara, and
Sunnyvale continue to meet Federal and State
water quality standards.
Background:
The Spectra Physics, Inc. site a 11.5-aere parcel
of land located in Santa Clara County,
California. The densely populated area
surrounding the site is a mixture of industrial
and residential land uses with approximately
189,000 people obtaining drinking water from
public and private wells within 3 miles of the
site.
In 1981, the soil and ground water at Spectra
Physics, an electronics equipment and gas laser
manufacturer, were found to be contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
leaking underground sumps and stored
chemical waste. This waste included paints,
oils, acids, and bases associated with cleaners,
degreasers, and lubricants from the
manufacturing processes. No leachate collection
systems or dikes had been installed, so leaking
chemicals seeped into the soil and migrated into
the deeper common aquifer contaminating a
common ground-water basin. High VOCs were
also found in Permanente Creek, which is within
1 mile of the site. Several species of endangered
birds were found in the San Francisco Bay area,
2.5 miles downstream of the site. This site is
one of 28 in the South Bay area of San Francisco.
Not only were soil and ground water
contaminated with VOCs, but a plume had
moved offsite and merged with contamination
from the neighboring Superfund site owned by
Teledyne Semiconductor, Inc. Both firms have
cooperated in the cleanup efforts. Most of the
over 200 private wells drilled into the
contaminated plume were closed, and residents
were switched to public water supplies.
Actions:
Initial remedial actions included removal of four
underground sumps from the site, excavation
of over 6 feet of surrounding soil, and vapor
extraction from the excavated soil. Cleanup
addressed both containment of onsite
contamination and treatment of offsite
contamination in the deeper aquifer. Currently,
20 offsite wells treat offsite contamination, and
on onsite shallow extraction well and an
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Spectra Physics, Inc., Region 9
intermediate extraction system prevent the
plume of contaminants from migrating offsite.
Extracted water is conveyed to the City of Palo
Alto's sanitary sewer system for treatment. The
selected remedy included expanded soil vapor
extraction.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Synertek, Inc., Region 9
Santa Clara, California
Status:
Construction and remedial activities have been
completed at the Synertek, Inc. site. Ground-
water monitoring is ongoing. Deed restrictions
apply to the shallow aquifers. Record of Decision
(ROD) cleanup levels for soil contamination have
been met. The site is currently used for
electronics manufacturing.
Results and Benefits:
The Synertek site does not pose a direct threat
to human health due to the treatment of ground
water, soil, and deed restrictions.
Background:
From 1978 to 1986, electronics were
manufactured in five buildings on the 3 1/2-
acre Synertek, Inc. (Building 1) site. Building 1
is adjacent to three underground storage tanks
used as a neutralization system, which leaked
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the soil.
These tanks were removed in 1985. At that time,
it was discovered that onsite and offsite ground
water had become contaminated. Subsequently,
HoneyweE, the property owner, installed three
onsite and two offsite ground-water extraction
wells, along with an air stripping tower to treat
the extracted ground water. The extraction and
treatment system has been in operation since
1987.
Approximately 300,000 people obtain drinking
water from public wells within 3 miles of the
site. The nearest downgradient municipal well
is located 11/2 miles north of the plume.
Actions:
The remedial activities consisted of ground-
water extraction, air stripping, and periodic
ground-water monitoring. The ground-water
extraction from two onsite and two offsite wells
in the A Aquifer and one onsite well in the B
Aquifer sent a combined flow of approximately
15 gpm to the air stripper. The air stripping
evaluates whether injection of the treated water
back to the subsurface would enhance the
removal of pollutants, speed the cleanup, and
reduce the amount of ground water discharged
to the surface. It was concluded by the
discharger and the Regional Board that
reinjection of treated ground water to conserve
the ground water resource at this site was
impractible due to mineral precipitate buildup
from the high hardness water.
KfiO
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Teledyne Semiconductor, Region 9
Mountain View, California
Status:
Construction activities at the Teledyne
Semiconductor site have been completed.
Ground-water monitoring is ongoing. Teledyne
has implemented deed restrictions that prohibit
use of the shallow aquifer as a drinking water
source. The site is currently being used for the
manufacturing of semiconductors.
Results and Benefits:
The remedial investigation and feasibiEty study
(RI/FS), completed in April 1991, supported
EPA's conclusion that the interim extraction and
treatment measures were successful in
controlling sources of contamination and
preventing migration of contaminants in the
affected aquifers. As a result of deed restrictions
and remedial activities, the site no longer poses
a direct threat to human health and the
environment.
Background:
Teledyne Semiconductor has operated as a
manufacture of semiconductors at this 1-aere
site since 1962. In 1982, Teledyne reported to
the California Regional Water Quality Control
Board (CRWQCB) that soil and ground water
were contaminated with solvents from an
underground solvent storage tank. The State
inspected the site in 1984 and found that
contaminants had migrated north of the site and
had affected approximately 50 private domestic
wells. Furthermore, contaminated ground water
that migrated north from another National
Priorities List (NPL) site, Spectra-Physics, Inc.,
had merged with the contaminated plume of the
Teledyne site. The two firms were cleaning up
the sites jointly. This is one of 28 sites in the
South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at
these sites have used a variety of toxic
chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic
solvents, which have contaminated a common
ground-water basin. Although the sites are
listed separately on the NPL, the cleanup
activities are a part of an area-wide approach to
the contamination.
The site is located in a densely populated, urban
area. Approximately 189,000 people, who
depend on ground water as the source of
drinking water, live within a 3-mile radius of
the site. The distance from the site to the nearest
residence is 200 feet.
Actions:
Remedial activities consisted of the removal of
an underground storage tank, construction and
use of extraction systems, and ground-water
monitoring. In 1982, Teledyne removed a
leaking underground tank and excavated the
surrounding contaminated soils. Teledyne
ceased using other underground sumps in 1987
when a new above ground, double-contained,
acid neutralization system was put online.
Three onsite extraction and treatment systems
(air strippers) were installed and have been
operating since August 6, 1991.
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592
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
TRW Microwave Me., Region 9
Sunnyvale, Santa Clara County, California
Status:
Construction of the long-term remedial action
is complete. Ground-water pump and treat are
expected to continue until fall 2021. The site is
still used for the manufacture of semiconductors
and assembly of microwave components.
Results and Benefits:
The risks to human health have been minimized
by removing the source of contamination and
preventing the spread of contamination to the
deep aquifer used for drinking water. The
contaminated aquifer is not currently used for
drinking water; but, it does discharge to the San
Francisco Bay located about 3 miles north of
the site. Because the plume is only 1-mile long,
the remedy should prevent environmental
impacts in the San Francisco Bay. The property
has continued light industrial operations since
contamination was discovered.
Background:
This site has been, and is currently, used for
the assembly of microwave components and
semiconductor processing. Aertech Industries
started operations in 1968. TRW bought the
operation in 1984 and, subsequently, sold it to
FEI Microwave Inc. in 1987. The site was listed
on the National Priority List (NPL) in February
1990. Surrounding property is used for light
industry and residences.
Contamination of the ground water and some
soils has resulted from localized spills and
leaking underground storage tanks. The major
contaminant is trichloroethylene. However,
other volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
dichloroethylene, Freon 113, and
tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) have
also been detected. Some nonvolatile organic
compounds and metals have been detected at
low concentrations, but their presence is not as
great a human health or environmental concern.
Two other sites on the NPL have also contributed
to ground-water contamination at the site. The
resulting plume is about 1-mile long, 0,3 of a
mile wide, and 100 feet deep. TRW is responsible
for onsite cleanup and is participating in a
combined cleanup effort of offsite
contamination. The contaminated aquifer is not
currently used in drinking water.
Actions:
Interim response actions were in operation
before the TRW site was added to the NPL. The
1991 Record of Decision (ROD) confirmed the
operating remedy with only minor changes.
Four underground tanks were removed in 1973,
1976, 1980, and 1983. In 1984, contaminated
soils were excavated and disposed of offsite. A
system of ground-water extraction wells have
been operational since 1985, Extracted ground
water is treated onsite using air stripping and
then discharged to surface water.
Offsite contamination is being remediated with
a separate system of extraction wells. Ground
water is extracted and conveyed to the Advanced
Micro Devices #915 site. About 80 percent of
the water are used as process water. The
remaining 20 percent are treated in an air
stripper and discharged to surface water.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Alaska Battery Enterprises, Region 10
Fairbanks, Alaska
Status:
Cleanup levels achieved during remedial
activities have provided unrestricted residential
or industrial access to the surface of the site.
Ground-water monitoring will continue until
1995, and EPA recommends that no drinking
water wells be drilled onsite until it can be
confirmed that the ground water is clean. The
site is currently unoccupied.
Results and Benefits:
Initial emergency removal and subsequent
remedial actions have rendered the site clean
enough for either industrial or residential use.
This site was used to demonstrate a new soil
cleanup technology that greatly reduces the
amount of lead-contaminated soil that must be
transported offsite. EPA concluded that actions
taken at the Alaska Battery Enterprises (ABE)
site have eliminated the need to conduct
additional remedial actions.
Background:
The ABE site is located in an area zoned for
commercial and residential use, and consists
of a 0.75-acre facility and the surrounding
Department of Transportation right-of-way in
Fairbanks. The soil at the site was contaminated
with lead, the result of past operations at the
facility that included the recycling and
manufacturing of batteries. At various times
from 1969 until 1988, the owner/operator broke
open used batteries, dumped battery acid on
the ground, and buried battery cases onsite.
Batteries were also stored outside for extended
periods of time. In May 1987, a fire involved a
large number of these batteries.
Sampling conducted by EPA in 1988 found levels
of lead in the soil greatly exceeding levels
considered protective of human health and the
environment. Because battery acid was also
disposed of in the soil, the soil was very acidic
in many places. Because acidic soil conditions
can mobilize lead and other metals, there was
concern that the ground water might be or
become contaminated.
Actions:
Due to the elevated lead levels in the soil and
their potential to migrate into the ground water,
a removal action took place in the summers of
1988 and 1989. About 3,800 cubic yards of
soil were removed and taken to an approved
disposal facility. The continued concern about
the threat to the ground water prompted the
site to be added to the National Priorities List
(NPL) in 1989.
During the summer of 1991, EPA conducted a
remedial investigation to characterize the
amount and extent of remaining lead
contamination. Results showed that, out of 24
soil sampling locations, only two surface and
two subsurface sampling areas had lead
concentrations that exceeded cleanup levels.
Ground water was sampled from nine
monitoring wells three times between June and
October 1991. Results showed that the drinking
water standard was exceeded at several of these
sites. Paradoxically, however, analysis of the
soils 'at these locations found that all of the
detectible lead was bound up with the silt and
clay particles and was, therefore, immobilized.
B97
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Alaska Battery Enterprises, Region 10
(Continued)
Ground-water monitoring will continue until the A total of 150 cubic yards of soil was excavated
level of lead is within the acceptable range. and treated by the soil washing system. The
excavated areas were later filled with the dean
In the spring of 1992, the ABE site was selected sand and gravel. Contaminated fine particles
for a demonstration of an innovative soil washing produced by the system were temporarily stored
technology by EPA's Superfund Innovative onsite in drums and then taken away to a
Technology Evaluation Program. This permitted hazardous waste disposal facility fa
technology reduces the amount of contaminated the spring of 1993.
soil by separating it into a clean fraction of sand
and gravel and a contaminated fraction
consisting of silt and day "fine" particles.
598
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Allied Plating, Inc., Region 1O
Multnoxnah County, Oregon
Status:
During the removal action, all site contamination
above EPA's selected health-based cleanup levels
was excavated and disposed of properly. A deed
restriction was placed on this property regarding
the use of the ground water in the shallow
aquifer, and continued ground-water monitoring
is not planned for this site. A 5-year review will,
however, be conducted to ensure that the land
use remains industrial. The site is currently
being used for crane maintenance.
Results and Benefits:
During the removal action, all site contamination
above EPA's selected health-based cleanup levels
was excavated and disposed of properly. The
excavated area was backfilled with rock from a
local quarry, and spray-covered with grass seed
to prevent erosion and to minimize direct human
contact with possible residual contamination.
Currently, a portion of the site is used for
industrial (crane maintenance) purposes;
however, the part of the site where wastes were
known to be disposed of is not in use. In the
future, it is most probable that the area will
remain industrial. Residential use of the area
is a remote possibility.
Based on the data collected in the remedial
investigation, and the potential current and
future risks estimated in the baseline risk
assessment, no further action is necessary at
this site to provide additional protection to
human health and the environment.
Background:
This site occupies 1.5 acres in an industrial and
commercial district of northeastern Portland.
Allied Plating, Inc. began chrome-plating
operations in 1957, and for over 25 years,
discharged waste without pretreatment. Prior
to 1969, wastes were discharged onto a low-lying
area of the property, which drained into the
Columbia Slough. After 1969, filling activities
isolated the site and created a surface
impoundment. A layer of plating waste that
formed in this impoundment area was the main
source of site contamination.
Approximately 20,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site, and approximately 1,500 of these
individuals obtain drinking water from public
and private wells within 3 miles of the site. Water
from a weE located 1,700 feet from the site is
used in food processing. Ground water is also
used for irrigation. An apartment building and
mobile home park are located nearby, but use
city water. The Columbia Slough, which drains
into the Willamette River, is about 600 feet
northeast of the site.
Both ground water and soil excavated from the
site contained heavy metals, including
chromium and lead. The soil also contained
cyanide. Chromium, copper, and nickel were
present in the impoundment sludge. Drainage
from the site could have potentially
contaminated the Columbia Slough.
599
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Allied Plating, Inc., Region 10
(Continued)
Actions:
As a. result of the disposal of wastes from the
plating operations, the facility was required to
submit a RCRA, Part A hazardous waste permit
application. In 1981, the facility received interim
status as a treatment, storage, and disposal
facility (TSDF), and in 1982, a permit was issued.
The company declared bankruptcy and ceased
operations in 1984. In September 1984, EPA
and the State Department of Environmental
Quality (DEQ) jointly requested closure and post
closure plans from the site owner. In November
1986, when the closure plans were not accepted,
and actions under RCRA were not able to obtain
site cleanup, EPA and the State DEQ reached
an agreement transferring program jurisdiction
from RCRA to Superfund. The site was Ested
on the National Priorities List (NPL) on February
2, 1990, and the remedial investigation was
conducted from January 1990 to April 1992. A
pre-Record of Decision (ROD) removal action
conducted from October 23,1992, to November
20,1992, successfully remediated the site. The
ROD was signed on June 29, 1993, and
indicated that no further action was required at
the site. Also, continued ground-water
monitoring is not planned for this site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
ARRCOM (Drezler Enterprises), Region 10
Kootenai County, Idaho
Status:
The ARRCOM site currently has a residence on
it. As a result of remedial actions, the
contaminated soil has been successfully
removed from the site.
Results and Benefits:
The Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer
that lies beneath the site and supplies crop
irrigation and drinking water to the area has
been protected from the waste oils and sludges.
Background:
Covering a little over 1 acre, the ARRCOM
(Drexler Enterprises) site is located
approximately 3 miles southwest of Rathdrum,
Idaho. Operations conducted on the site from
1960 to 1982 involved recycling waste oils
containing a variety of solvents, lead, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These
activities resulted in extensive soil
contamination. Waste sludges, storage tanks,
and tracks were left on the site when it was
abandoned in 1982. The contaminants included
volatile organics such as toluene, xylene, and
methyl ethyl ketone in soils; heavy metals such
as lead and mercury; and PCBs in soils.
Actions:
Approximately 350,000 people are served by the
Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer
underlying the ARRCOM site. An estimated
6,300 people live within 3 miles of the site. In
1983, EPA began removing and treating
contaminants at the site. Tanks containing
PCB-contaminated products were pumped and
flushed. The volume of contents in the
remaining tanks was approximately 32,000
gallons. Approximately 10,700 gallons of an oil
and water mixture were recycled, 1,140 pounds
of PCB flushingwere incinerated offsite, and 134
cubic yards of contaminated soil were disposed
of in an approved landfill. In 1987, EPA
continued to remove and segregate the onsite
hazards. A containment tent was constructed
for asbestos removal in the boiler room. Prior
to disposal, the contaminated tanks and trucks
were cleaned and disassembled. Approximately
2,000 cubic yards of contaminated soils were
removed. In 1990, EPA removed approximately
1,500 cubic yards of soil contaminated with lead
and PCBs. The site was backfilled with clean
soil and regraded.
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602
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
FMC Corporation, Region 10
Yakima, Washington
Status:
Unoccupied buildings remain onsite within a
fenced area. As part of the remedial activities,
ground water is being monitored to confirm that
the removal of contaminated soils has been
complete and that no ground-water
contamination above health-based levels is
present.
Results and Benefits:
FMC Corp. had never contested its status as a
potentially responsible party (PRP) and has
worked cooperatively with EPA to undertake the
initial removal actions and subsequent remedial
activities. As a result of remedial activities that
removed onsite hazardous substances, the
nearby population has been protected. The
extensive surface remediation is considered
complete, and a 5-year review is not required.
Background:
FMC leased this 1.14-acre property and operated
the plant from 1951 to 1986 to manufacture
pesticide dusts and liquids. Pesticide dusts were
formulated at the facility throughout its
operation. In the late 1970s, two buildings were
added to formulate liquid pesticides, but both
buildings were destroyed in 1986 during an
explosion that occurred after the plant had
closed. Spills, leaks, and other accidental
releases of liquid formulation materials are
believed to be the source of soil and concrete
contamination in and adjacent to these areas.
Between 1952 and 1969, FMC disposed of
wastes containing pesticides in an onsite pit.
An estimated 2,000 pounds of materials were
discarded in the pit. Raw material containers,
soil contaminated by leaks or spills from process
equipment, broken bags, and off-specification
materials were dumped into the pit and covered
with dirt.
Most of the surrounding land use is zoned for
light industrial, though a two-family residential
zone borders the western edge of the property.
Four schools are within 1 mile of the site. The
population within a mile is approximately
10,000 persons, and the closest residence is only
200 yards away.
Actions:
Due to the concentrations of pesticides found
in the waste pit, this site was listed on the
National Priorities List (NPL) in 1982. A
preliminary investigation was performed that
same year. In 1983, the State issued an
Administrative Order to FMC to conduct
ground-water testing to assess the extent of
contamination. In 1987, EPA issued an
Administrative Order to FMC to carry out
remedial investigations. The sampling showed
high levels of DDT and other pesticides in the
waste pit area.
In June 1988, the PRP conducted the removal
of approximately 500 tons of contaminated soil.
Pit samples were then analyzed for
organochlorine pesticides; because soil
contamination was found above target levels,
an additional 350 tons of soil were removed.
Onsite incineration was performed to treat the
contaminated concrete and debris. Following
incineration, the ash was analyzed to determine
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PMC Corporation, Region 10
(Continued)
leachability and contaminant destruction.
When health-based cleanup goals were met, the
ash was used for backfill onsite.
6O4
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NFL SITE
FACT SHEET
Joseph Forest Products, Region 10
Wallowa County, Oregon
Status:
Construction activities at this site were
completed in August 1993. Ground-water
monitoring will be conducted by EPA and the
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
for 2 years. Because hazardous substances will
remain on site above levels allowing for unlimited
use and unrestricted exposure, a 5-year review
will be conducted in April 1998.
Results and Benefits:
The selected remedy eliminates the principal
threat posed by the conditions at the site by
reducing the potential for human exposure to
high concentrations of metals detected in the
site soils. The remedy requires monitoring of
the ground-water contamination for 5 years.
The nearby Wallowa River, the onsite spring, and
the two springs in the city of Enterprise (less
than 1 mile from the site) were sampled and
showed no elevated levels of dissolved arsenic,
copper, or chromium. The chosen remedy allows
for industrial use of the treatment building area
and residential use for the remainder of the site.
Background:
The Joseph Forest Products site was placed on
the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. The
site is located about 3/4 mile northwest of the
City of Joseph, in Wallowa County, in an
agricultural and industrial area of northeast
Oregon. The site is 18 acres and encompasses
an inactive wood-treatment facility. The site is
currently owned by the Clifford C. Hinkley
Estate.
Joseph Forest Products operated the site in 1974
and again from 1977 to 1985. A fire in 1974,
after only 2 weeks of operation, destroyed the
buildings on the site and led to contamination
of the surficial soils and ground water at the
site with the treatment chemical (chromated
copper arsenate). Sampling of the surface water
and local drinking water wells showed no
contamination. Joseph Forest Products filed for
bankruptcy in June 1984 and ceased operations
in 1985.
Actions:
A preliminary removal action was conducted in
the fall of 1991 to remove the soils around the
treatment building, which showed the highest
contamination. The final removal action was
implemented in May 1993 and involved
excavation and offsite disposal of contaminated
surface and subsurface soil, demolition and
offsite disposal of the treatment building,
decontamination of the treatment equipment
followed by recycling of scrap metal, and
decontamination of the drip pad. Asbestos was
removed and disposed offsite. The two
underground storage tanks were removed and
disposed in accordance with State requirements.
Ground-water monitoring wiE continue for 2
years.
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Page Intentionally Blank
606
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Su
SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Lakewood Site, Region 10
Lakewood, Washington
Status:
All remediation construction activities at the
Lakewood Site have been completed. Ground-
water treatment is ongoing, and it is hoped that
cleanup levels will be attained within the next 2
years. The site is currently being used for
commercial purposes.
Results and Benefits:
Treating the contaminated soil, removing
contaminated sludge, and treating the ground
water until the cleanup levels have been reached
has reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials and has eliminated the
need for institutional controls. Future
contamination of the ground water and
surrounding soils has also been prevented.
Background:
The Lakewood Site is located south of Tacoma,
Washington, and encompasses a 1-square mile
area. A laundry and dry-cleaning facility known
as Plaza Cleaners has operated on the site for
several years. Plaza Cleaners discharged
solvents (e.g., trichloroethylene (TCE),
tetrachloroethylene (PERC), and cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene (cis-1,2 DCE)) into its
permeable septic system and disposed of other
wastes suspected of containing solvents onto the
ground outside of the establishment. In July
1981, EPA discovered solvent contamination
in two drinking water supply wells to the south
of the site. In August 1981, these wells were
temporarily taken out of service while monitoring
wells were installed and contaminated surficial
soil in the source area was excavated. The site
was added to the National Priorities List (NPL)
in December 1982.
The Lakewood Site is predominantly residential
and commercial. The Lakewood Water District,
which serves the surrounding area, operated the
two drinking water wells located on the site.
McChord Air Force Base is located southeast of
the site.
Actions:
In 1983, Plaza Cleaners and the Washington
State Department of Ecology reached a
stipulated agreement in which Plaza Cleaners
initiated new solvent disposal practices and
replaced and removed contaminated soil with
clean fill. In November 1984, EPA installed two
air strippers to treat the two drinking water
production wells operated by the Lakewood
Water District. From August 1984 to July
1985, EPA installed
12 ground-water monitoring wells, excavated the
waste line at Plaza Cleaners, and took numerous
soil and water samples to determine the extent
of the contamination.
In September 1985, the Record of Decision
(ROD) was signed. Remedial activities included:
continued operation of the ground-water
treatment system; continuation of routine
sampling and analysis of ground water;
installation of additional ground-water
monitoring wells; upgraded construction for
existing ground-water monitoring wells;
excavation and removal of septic tanks and drain
field piping from the site; and placement of
C/V7
-------
Lakewood Site, Region 10
(Continued)
administrative restrictions on the installation of the soil in the septic tanks with the SVES;
and usage of ground-water wells and the and continuing soil and vapor testing,
excavation of soils. In November 1986, an
amended ROD included the following Onsite soil remedial activities were completed
modifications: installing a soil vapor extraction by July 1992. Offsite disposal of contaminated
system (SVES) to treat the contaminated soil; sludge was completed from September 1992 to
reducing in the amount of septic tank contents February 1993. Ground-water treatment is
to be removed and treated offsite; leaving the currently ongoing and is expected to continue
septic tanks in place and treating the remainder until cleanup levels are attained at the
production wells.
608
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Northside Landfill, Region 10
Spokane, Washington
Status:
Und6r EPA oversight, the City of Spokane
completed construction of the protective cap over
the landfill to May 1993. Currently, a landfill
gas collection system captures and burns
methane gas, while a ground-water pump and
treatment system prevents contaminated
ground water from migrating offsite. In addition,
the City of Spokane and the local community
are investing $1 million to landscape the site.
The entire site will be seeded for grass, and the
natural vegetation of 40 acres of undisturbed
woods along the perimeter of the property will
be enhanced.
Results and Benefits:
Cleanup of the Northside Landfill is an example
of effective collaboration with State and local
governments in addressing a Superfund
hazardous waste site. EPA worked with the
State and city to close this municipal landfill in
a timely and efficient manner. The results of
this coordinated effort are that residents have a
clean source of drinking water, and a state-of-
the-art 150-acre plastic landfill cover now
guards against the further spread of
contaminants.
To fill the need for waste disposal in the area, a
new waste-to-energy incinerator was completed
in 1991. This 25-megawatt plant converts waste
formerly destined for the Northside Landfill and
many other small county landfills into electricity.
In 1992, the Incinerator processed 293,000 tons
of garbage and produced 150-milHon kilowatt-
hours of electrical energy.
Background:
The landfill site covers 345 acres in
northwestern Spokane, Washington. The active
area of the landfill occupied 150 acres directly
above a large aquifer, the primary source of
drinking water for 177,000 residents of Spokane.
The landfill opened in 1931 for the disposal of
light commercial and residential garbage. While
operating, the site was the largest landfill in the
county and received most of Spokane's refuse,
including small amounts of hazardous waste.
For almost 10 years, sludge from the municipal
sewage treatment plant, laden with heavy metals
and organic solvents, was disposed of to the
tandfiE. Rainwater drained through the wastes
and seeped into the ground water,
contaminating the wells of nearby residents.
Heightened awareness brought about by the
enactment of the Superfund program caused
local officials to take a closer look at this
municipal dump. In 1981, the city sampled the
ground water beneath the landfill and found
evidence of contamination. In 1982, additional
sampling revealed that weUs adjacent to the site
were poEuted. The city quickly responded by
supplying bottled water until the affected
residences were hooked up to the municipal
water supply in 1983.
When the landfill was ready for closure, the State
contacted EPA's Superfund program for
assistance.
609
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Northside Landfill, Region 1O
(Continued)
Actions:
In 1986, EPA placed the site on the NPL. Later
that year, under a cooperative agreement with
EPA, the city and the State conducted
investigations to determine the nature and
extent of contamination and the risks posed to
the area. The studies, completed in 1988,
determined that the site needed immediate
attention.
The plan was completed in September 1989 and
involved the following activities:
* Closing and capping the landfill;
« Pumping and treating contaminated
ground water;
• Providing an alternate source of drinking
water to residents with contaminated
wells;
• Controlling potentially dangerous landfill
gases; and
• Monitoring the ground water for the next
30 years.
In January 1991, city cleanup crews began
operating a landfill gas collection and treatment
system on the boundaries of the site. The
ground-water pump and treatment system
began with pilot tests in April 1992 and currently
treats 1,000 gallons of water a minute. Water
is sent to the municipal sewage plant for further
treatment and disposal. An impermeable
protective cap was completed in May 1993, 6
months ahead of schedule.
610
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Su
SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Pesticide Lab/Yakima, Region 10
Yakima, Washington
Status:
The selected remedy for the Pesticide Lab/
Yakima site was "No Further Action." The site
was the subject of remedial activities pursuant
to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and is to be resold for unlimited use.
Results and Benefits:
Removing contaminated soil, sludge, and
equipment until the cleanup levels were reached
has reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials and has eliminated the
need for institutional controls. Future
contamination of the ground water and
surrounding soils has also been prevented.
Background:
The Pesticide Lab/Yakima site is a 10-acre
parcel of land at the YARL facility in Yakima,
Washington. The primary activity at the
laboratory involves the development of insect
control technologies that benefit fruit and
vegetable agriculture in the Pacific Northwest.
Workers at the laboratory used a modified septic
and drainfield system to discharge dilute waste
pesticide compounds. Approximately 5,000
gallons of rinsate from equipment cleaning
operations, and less than 250 gallons of residual
pesticide solutions were discharged into the
system annually for approximately 20 years. In
September 1980, YARL submitted a RCRA Part
A permit application for the septic system and
received interim status. A preliminary
assessment and site investigation (PA/SI) in
1982 revealed soil contamination due to
discharges from the septic system. Ground-
water contamination was also believed likely,
and the site was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL) in September 1983.
The Pesticide Lab/Yakima is situated in the
south central section of Washington, east of the
Cascade Mountains. Approximately 10,000
people live within 1 mile of the site, and about
50,000 people use the ground water for drinking
purposes.
Action:
In 1988, YARL removed the drainfield, sampled
soil within and outside the excavated drainfield
area, sampled ground-water monitoring
information from four monitoring wells (installed
in April 1988), and performed in-situ aquifer
testing. Results from this study revealed that
the ground water had not been affected by the
YARL and the likelihood of ground-water
contamination was low. The study also detected
a variety of pesticides and carrier solvents in
the tank sludge and the drainfield. As a result,
EPA decided that the site was subject to the
requirements for hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities under RCRA. A
closure plan for the site was finalized and
approved in January 1990.
The closure plan included: removing and
disposing of the septic tank contents, the septic
tank, and a washdown pad associated with the
septic tank system; excavating soil from around
the septic tank and washdown pad; excavating
soil from around the washdown pad area; and
removing the pipes from the drainfield system.
Each activity was followed by sampling of the
soil in and around the removal areas, as well as
fill
-------
Pesticide Lab/Yakima, Region 10
(Continued)
sampling soil contained in the septic tank and
on the washdown pad. Approximately 40 cubic
yards of contaminated soil were removed from
the site.
Because the site cleanup was performed
satisfactorily, pursuant to RCRA requirements
for interim status facilities, EPA selected a
remedy of "No Further Action" for the site.
612
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Silver Mountain Mine, Region 10
Okanogan County, Washington
Status:
All remedial activities have been completed for
the Silver Mountain Mine site. Like most of the
surrounding properties, the land is now used
primarily for cattle grazing. For safety, the
entrance to the mine has been closed. To ensure
that contaminant levels in the affected aquifer
do not exceed the established environmental
standards, ground-water monitoring is
continuing. The affected site areas have been
replanted with native grasses.
Results and Benefits:
Now that the old arsenic-tainted watering source
has been eliminated, beef cattle grazing among
the scrub vegetation surrounding the Silver
Mountain Mine site have a safer water supply.
This reduces the potential for toxins to enter
the human food chain. Cleanup of the
contaminated site has also eliminated a potential
threat of accidental exposure to arsenic and
cyanide to the few people living nearby.
Today, the 5-acre Silver Mountain Mine site is
part of a 358-acre, privately owned parcel.
Because of the remoteness of the area, the
property is not expected to be developed in the
near future.
Background:
Mining operations on the site can be dated as
far back as 1902. A sporadic history of gold,
silver, and copper mining on the site continued
until the 1960s. Between 1980 and 1981, a
leach heap consisting of previously mined
materials (tailings) was constructed for further
extraction of precious metals. The process
involved pouring a sodium cyanide solution over
the top of the heap and allowing the runoff to
drain into a leachate basin. Target metals were
then extracted. When the operators abandoned
the site in 1983, the tailings and the arsenic-
and cyanide-contaminated leachate were left in
place. Approximately 5,200 tons of unprocessed
mixed materials, commonly known as mine
dump, were also abandoned near the heap.
Ground water beneath the site contained high
levels of dissolved salts, metals, and cyanide
associated with the mine dump material. The
size of this aquifer and the historically
substandard quality of the ground water
makes it an unlikely drinking water source;
however, a few private wells are located within
3 miles of the site that are used for drinking,
irrigation, and livestock watering. Surface water
generated from mine drainage was also used as
a livestock watering supply. Analysis of this
water revealed arsenic at levels above the Safe
Drinking Water Standards.
Actions:
In 1982, the State of Washington took action to
treat the cyanide at the site using sodium
hypochlorite. In 1984, EPA conducted a
preliminary assessment and inspection, and
subsequently added the site to the National
Priorities List (NPL). In 1985, the State
conducted a site stabilization effort that included
removing liquids from the leachate basin and
installing a 33-mil plastic cover over the heap
and basin. Empty cyanide drums were removed,
and a fence was installed. The long-term
remedial phase is being conducted by the State
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Silver Mountain Mine, Region 10
(Continued)
and a responsible party. This phase includes
consolidating and capping the mine tailings,
fencing the area, and providing a clean well for
domestic watering. Monitoring of the ground
water will continue.
614
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Toftdahl Drums, Region 10
Clark County, Washington
Status:
All remedial cleanup actions at the site have
been completed. The site no longer poses a
threat to public health or the environment.
Annual monitoring by the Washington State
Department of Ecology continues to confirm that
no contamination is linked to the site. The site
was deleted from the National Priorities List
(NPL) in December 1988. The site is currently
vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Although the chemical data from drummed
waste and soil sampling conducted during the
pre-remedial investigation (RI) showed that the
Toftdahl operation had introduced some
contaminants to the site's environmental media,
analytical results indicated no significant impact
to the ground water, surface soil, or surface
water. The site, therefore, was not considered a
potential source of public health risks. When
all drums were removed in 1985, access
restrictions imposed earlier were no longer
needed. The fence surrounding the burial area
was removed at the request of nearby residents.
EPA announced the deletion of the Toftdahl
Drums site from the NPL in the December 3,
1983, Federal Register.
Background:
The owner of the 15-acre Toftdahl Drums site
conducted his drum cleaning and resale
operation from early 1970 through the mid-
1970s. Of the approximately 200 drums
brought to the site for cleaning, about 50 were
buried on the property, even though they
contained unknown quantities of industrial
waste. When the property was sold in the mid-
1970s, the new owner discovered the burial area
500 feet from the cleaning area. Sometime
between 1978 and 1982, 38 drums were
removed and land-disposed offsite, while the
remaining 12 drums were reburied at another
onsite location.
Actions:
The response actions carried out by the State of
Washington's Department of Ecology and EPA
began in 1983. After the discovery of six more
crushed and rusting drums, a fence was erected
around the burial area. In 1984, five potential
burial locations were identified outside the fence
and one area inside the fence. Further
investigation of the area outside the fence
uncovered metal debris and paint-chip-like
debris that were addressed in a subsequent
cleanup action. In addition to conducting soil,
surface water, and ground-water sampling,
the State of Washington excavated 20
exploration pits. These excavations yielded five
crushed drums and parts of others which the
State removed and disposed of along with 40
cubic yards of contaminated soils. During the
removal, contaminated soils were placed in
polypropylene bags. All contaminated materials
were disposed of at a federally approved
hazardous waste facility. Sampling and
monitoring of private wells are expected to
continue until 1998 to ensure the long-term
effectiveness of the cleanup.
615
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Page Intentionally Blank
616
-------
SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
United Chrome Products, Inc., Region 10
Corvallis, Oregon
Status:
Remedial construction activities have been
completed. Contaminated soil and debris have
been removed or treated. Ground-water
extraction and chromium reduction are ongoing.
A fence surrounds the site, and access to the
site is currently restricted.
Results and Benefits:
Removing the heavily contaminated soil and
debris from the site, treating the remaining
contaminated soil from the source areas,
treating the ground water, and restricting site
access have reduced the potential for exposure
to hazardous materials. Future contamination
of the ground water, surface water, and
surrounding soils has also been prevented.
Background:
The United Chrome site consisted of a single
building on approximately 1.5 acres located
south of Corvallis, Oregon. The site was owned
by United Chrome Products, Inc., a former
industrial chrome plating facility. The company
manufactured and repaired hard chrome plated
parts for machines owned by wood products
companies. From 1956 to 1983, United Chrome
Products disposed of chrome sludge in a
disposal pit west of the building. In 1982,
accumulated chrome sludge in plating tanks
was removed and disposed of by the company.
In 1983, as a result of two Oregon Department
of Environmental Quality (DE) Notices of
Violation, the company removed chrome sludge
from the disposal pit area and placed it in drums
for later disposal at a RCRA-pennitted land
disposal facility. An EPA field investigation in
June 1983 revealed chromium contamination
of the surface water, ground water, and soils as
a result of the company's disposal operations.
The site was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL) in September 1984. United Chrome
Products ceased all operations in early 1985 and
sold the equipment and contents of the facility
building in May 1985.
The area surrounding the United Chromium site
is primarily residential and industrial in nature.
Two city wells are located approximately 3,000
feet northeast of the site; however, the City does
not use these wells for its water supply.
Approximately 42,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site. The City of Corvallis obtains some
of its water from the Willamette River, which
formerly received drainage from ditches and
surface water from the site.
Action:
EPA conducted an immediate removal action at
the United Chrome site in 1985. Activities
included the removal of 8,130 gallons of
chromium-contaminated liquids and 11,000
pounds of chromium-contaminated solids.
Remedial construction activities at the site were
conducted in three phases. Phase I consisted
of: decontamination and demolition the United
Chrome building; excavation and offsite disposal
of the heavily contaminated soil from the former
disposal pit and plating tank areas and debris
from the building; construction of two infiltration
basins to flush chromium contamination from
the soils near the source areas; installation of
shallow wells to extract chromium-
617
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United Chrome Products, Inc., Region 10
(Continued)
contaminated ground water from the upper
zone; and construction and initial operation of
an onsite ground-water treatment plant. Phase
I construction began in December 1987 and was
completed in late 1988. Approximately 1,000
tons of contaminated soil and debris were
disposed of offsite.
Phase II remedial activities consisted of:
continued operations of the treatment plant;
modifications to the plan to enhance cleanup
operations; installation of deep wells to monitor
and extract chromium-contaminated ground
water from the lower zone; construction to
reroute the local surface water drainage ditch
around the site to prevent contamination form
entering the nearby creek and river; and removal
of the remaining highly contaminated ditch
sediments. Phase II remedial activities were
completed by September 1991.
Phase III remediation encompassed continued
operation of the treatment plant and
modifications to the remedial facilities to
enhance cleanup operations. Ground water with
reduced concentrations of chromium was routed
to a local publicly-owned treatment works
(POTW) instead of the onsite facility. Phase HI
operations began in October 1991 and are
expected to continue until ground-water cleanup
levels have been met.
618
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Western Processing Company, Inc., Region 10
Kent, Washington
Status:
Remedial activities have been completed.
Contaminated soil and debris have been
removed. The site is currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Removing the contaminated soil and debris from
the site and treating the ground water have
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials. Future contamination of ground
water, surface water, and surrounding soils has
also been prevented.
Background:
The Western Processing Company, Inc. operated
on an 11-acre parcel of land located
approximately 2 miles north of Kent form 1961
to 1983. Originally a company that reprocessed
animal by-products and brewer's yeast, Western
Processing expanded to recycle, reclaim, treat,
and dispose of many different types of industrial
and hazardous wastes. After much attention
form local authorities in the 1970s, EPA
inspected the facility in 1981 to determine if it
was in compliance with the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). After an
analysis in 1982 revealed that hazardous
substances had been released into the shallow
aquifer and the soils at the site, EPA issued a
Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Section 106 order in 1983 requiring the owners
to provide assurances that they would conduct
a cleanup.
When these assurance were not obtained, EPA
conducted and immediate removal to stabilize
the site. Over 127 drums of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), 1,944 cubic yards of solidified
paint sludges, 24,700 gallons of recycled
solvents, and 447,500 gallons of mixed
contaminated liquids were removed from the
site. EPA also installed a stormwater runoff
system; capped a material pile with an
impermeable flexible cover, and regraded
portions of the site as part of the immediate
removal action. The Western Processing facility
was permanently dosed by a court order in July
1983 and was placed on the National Priorities
List (NPL) in September 1983.
The Western Processing site is bounded on the
northwest by Mill Creek, which flows into the
Green River, a tributary of the Duwamish River,
which ultimately empties into Puget Sound at
Seattle. Approximately 10,000 people live within
3 miles of the site, 2,000 of whom depend upon
ground water for drinking water.
Action
Under a consent decree signed in July 1984, a
group of 190 Potentially Responsible Parties
(PRPs) undertook the surface cleanup
(designated Phase I). Over 2,400 truckloads of
chemical waste and contaminated soil were
removed from the site. THe site was then graded
to prevent stormwater runoff. A plastic-lined
pond was constructed to contain the collated
stormwater, and a portable treatment plant was
brought onsite to treat the water. Phase I was
completed in November 1984. Approximately
6,000 gallons of dioxin-contaminated liquid
found at the end of Phase I were treated onsite
with a potassium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol
619
-------
Western Processing Company, Inc., Region 10
(Continued)
(KPEO) mobile chemical dechlorination process
in 1986.
In June 1986, PRPs signed a Phase II Consent
Decree for the subsurface cleanup of the site
that was identical to that required in the Record
of Decision (ROD) signed to September 1985.
Remedial activities included: an intensive onsite
and offsite soil and subsurface waste sampling
program; excavation and offsite disposal of the
most highly contaminated soils and nonsoil
material; excavation of all soils exceeding soils
that were above background levels; construction
and operation of a ground-water extraction and
treatment plant; intensive ground-water and
surface water monitoring; attainment of the Mill
Creek performance standard and excavation of
contaminated creek sediments; and
construction of a cap over the site following
completion of pumping. Over 25,000 cubic yards
of subsurface soils and wastes were excavated
from the site and hauled to a Class I landfill.
Over 10,000 cubic yard of offproperty
contaminated soils were excavated. A small
portion of this soil was transported to the Class
I landfill; the remainder was used along with
clean soil onsite as backfill. Over 54 new
monitoring well were installed, and an onsite
lab was constructed to facilitate the ground-
water monitoring program. Approximately 206
shallow-well points and 13,000 feet of
infiltration trenches were installed during
construction of the shallow ground-water
extraction and infiltration system in May 1988.
The ground-water treatment plant was
completed and began operation in August 1988.
A final remediation act was to install a slurry
wall 45 feet deep, around the site to contain
contaminated site ground eater during pumping
and increase the efficiency of the pumping
effort. The wall was completed in October 1988.
In December 1988, representatives form EPA,
State, and local offices conducted a final
inspection of the site and certified that
remediation construction was complete.
Ground-water treatment is still ongoing at the
site.
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SUPERFUND SITE
COMPLETED NPL SITE
FACT SHEET
Takima Plating Co., Region 10
Yakima, Washington
Status:
All remedial construction activities have been
completed. Ground-water monitoring will
continue on a quarterly basis to assure that
cleanup goals for the ground water are met and
sustained. Institutional controls are in place to
prevent further contamination. The site is
currently vacant.
Results and Benefits:
Cleanup at this site was accelerated as a part of
the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model
Program. Removal of contaminated soils and
drums, as well as tanks of plating wastes, has
reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants
in this densely populated area.
Background:
Yakima Plating Co., a nickel-chrome automobile
bumper replating operation, has been in
operation since 1965. This facility occupies the
western 0.94 acres of a 2-acre parcel shared
with a separate business.
The plating operation used approximately 20 to
30 aboveground holding tanks. These tanks
were used for cleaning, plating, and rinsing
during the electroplating process. Rinse water
and spent plating tank solutions were commonly
disposed of in a floor drain in the plating room.
The floor drain connected to an underground
sedimentation tank and drainfield line that
collected the sedimentation tank overflow and
distributed the wastewater to subsurface soils.
This site is located two blocks south of the city
limits of Yakima in a mixed light commercial
and residential neighborhood. Four schools are
within 1 mile of the site. The closest is
approximately 1,000 feet west of the site. The
nearest residence is 200 feet southeast of the
site. Many of the residences adjacent to the
site use private ground-water wells for their
water supply. There are approximately 410
private wells and 54,200 residents within 1 mile
of the site. The nearest well is 225 feet from the
company's drainfield.
Actions:
In 1991, the EPA selected a remedy to cleanup
the site, which included removing drums and
tanks containing plating wastes, and removing
surface and subsurface soils offsite. To ensure
that use of an onsite building would not
cause future site contamination, institutional
controls were developed. Ground-water
monitoring will also continue to ensure the
removal of the contamination source.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Bunker Hill Mining, Region 10
Shoshone County, Idaho
Status:
Six removal actions have reduced the most
immediate risk of lead exposure. Remedial
actions that address the remaining widespread
lead contamination at this 21-square-mile site
will continue.
Results and Benefits:
As a result of the removal actions, the immediate
threat of contact with lead-contaminated soil in
populated areas has been reduced. The ongoing
remedial actions will reduce the likelihood that
accidental exposure with the contaminants will
occur, and ensure that safe levels of lead in the
air, soil, ground water, and surface water are
achieved. Former mining operations have
caused erosion and fugitive dust from barren
hillsides. These were likely sources for
contaminant migration. Approximately 3,200
acres of barren hillside are being revegetated.
Background:
The Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical
Complex site includes the town of Pinehurst on
the west and the town of Kellogg on the east,
and is centered on the Bunker Hill industrial
complex. The site has been impacted by over
100 years of mining and 65 years of smelting
activity. The complex occupies several hundred
acres in the center of the site between the towns
of Kellogg and Smelterville. EPA and the State
have designated a 21-square-mile study area to
conduct the remedial investigation and
feasibility study.
In 1973, a fire at the lead smelter complex
reduced the air pollution control capacity. Total
particulate emissions were measured from the
time of the fire through November 1974, varying
between 15 and 160 tons per month and
containing 50 to 70 percent lead. Emissions
prior to the fire varied between 10 to 20 tons
per month. The immediate effects of increased
lead emissions were observed in a 1974 public
health study where a significant number of
children had elevated blood lead levels. Several
local children were diagnosed with clinical lead
poisoning and required hospitalization.
In 1977, tall stacks (>600 feet) were added to
the smelting operations to more effectively
disperse contaminants from the complex. These
devices decreased the area's sulfur oxide
concentrations in the late 1970s. The smelter
and other Bunker Hill activities ceased
operations in December 1981. Although in
recent years some wastes have been shipped
offsite for disposal in landfills, thousands of
tons offsludge, tailings, flue dust, and other
wastes remain at the complex. The
contaminants of concern for the site are
antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead,
mercury, and zinc. Lead has been identified as
the primary contaminant of concern.
Actions:
Two Superfund-financed removal actions (1986
and 1989) addressed the lead-contaminated
residential soils. One removal action was
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Bunker Hill Mining, Region 10
(Continued)
financed by the potentially responsible parties
(PRPs), but was performed by EPA and State in
1990 to address the residential soils. PRPs have
conducted three removal actions: one at the
Smelter Complex (1989), one concentrating on
the hillside revegetation (1990), and the third
for residential soils (1991).
In 1986, 16 public properties (parks,
playgrounds, and road shoulders) were selected
for an immediate removal action because these
properties contained high concentrations of lead
and were frequented by many area children. The
action consisted of placing a barrier between
the children and the underlying contaminated
soil. Six inches of contaminated materials were
excavated, and clean soil was replaced. In 1989,
EPA and the State began the residential soil
removal program. To date, over 250 homes have
had the top 6 to 12 inches of soil excavated and
replaced with clean sod. The excavated soil is
being stored in nonpopulated areas. In 1989,
access to the contaminated areas was restricted,
and plans to control dust and to contain a
copper dross flue pile were formulated. Ongoing
efforts include erosion control byre-establishing
a native, closed, coniferous forest and
understory vegetative cover to approximately
3,200 acres of surrounding barren hillsides.
Tree planting is expected to be completed in
1996.
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SUPERFUND SITE
REMOVAL ACTION SITE
FACT SHEET
Wycoff/Eagle Harbor Site, Region 10
Bainbridge Island, Washington
Status:
Remedial actions, including the placement of
sediments in the East Harbor unit of Eagle
Harbor, were completed by mid-March 1994 to
protect fish migration. Removal activities at the
Wycoff facility, which include asbestos removal,
disposal of sludges, and treatment of waste
water and contaminated ground water, continue.
Results and Benefits:
EPA is using the SACM (Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model) approach at Eagle Harbor. The
cleanup takes advantage of a source of clean
sediments available from ongoing Army Corps
of Engineers (COE) activities at the mouth of
the Snohomish River. The COE routinely
dredges rivers around Puget Sound for
navigation purposes. Increasingly, the COE is
trying to find "beneficial uses" for clean dredged
material. EPA expects that this phase of the
cleanup will cost approximately $3 million, with
savings up to $2 million when compared to
estimates based on other sediment sources.
Benefits of this early action cleanup in Eagle
Harbor include:
• Controlled movement of contaminated
sediments;
• Clean habitat;
• New organisms established quickly, and
• Reduced exposure up the food chain.
Background:
The Wycoff/Eagle Harbor site was listed as a
Superfund site for cleanup of hazardous waste
in 1987. EPA is currently addressing the site
in three units: the Wycoff Facility, the East
Harbor, and the West Harbor. EPA issued a
remedial plan for the mercury-contaminated
sediments near the former West Harbor shipyard
in September 1992, and is currently conducting
a phased cleanup of the East Harbor sediments
that are contaminated with polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Bottom
sediments in much of Eagle Harbor are
contaminated with chemicals from wood treating
and shipyard operations that are toxic to marine
organisms. A public health advisory is currently
in effect that recommends against eating fish
and shellfish from Eagle Harbor.
Actions:
Work began in mid-September 1993 on the first
phase of sediment cleanup. EPA and the COE
are covering contaminated sediments near the
mouth of the harbor with clean sandy materials.
The materials are dredged from the Snohomish
River as part of a project to keep the river
channel open for ship navigation. Over a 6-
month period, approximately 275,000 cubic
yards of clean sandy sediments will be brought
to the East Harbor and gradually placed over
54 acres of contaminated harbor bottom to
provide a clean habitat for marine life.
Weekly water sampling is performed to indicate
possible impacts on the water environment. In
addition, an underwater camera is used to show
where more clean material is needed. The
camera enters the sediment surface and
photographs a side view of the top 7 inches.
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Wycoff/Eagle Harbor Site, Region 10
(Continued)
Monitoring to date confirms that the sediment buried sludge. The sludge represents an ongoing
is landing in smooth, uniform layers. A number source of contamination to the ground water at
of pictures show worms in the new material, the facility and is a long-term threat to the
indicating that gradual layering is allowing harbor. To date, nearly 2,000 tons of sludge
organisms to move upward. The work will have been removed from the site and disposed
continue with monitoring until mid-March, of at a hazardous waste disposal facility. Over
when work must stop to protect juvenile and 110,000 gallons of oil and 8,000 tons of sludge
migratory fish. from one onsite tank have been readied for
future disposal. Approximately 140,000 gallons
Removal activities at the Wyeoff facility continue, of oily waste water have been treated onsite.
focusing on the removal of tank sludge and
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