United States Office of Superfund Remediation EPA 9285.7-42
Environmental Protection and Technology Innovation May 2007
Agency 540-K-01-005
System Requirements and
Design for the Integrated
Exposure Uptake Biokinetic
Model for Lead in Children
(IEUBK) Windowsฎ
Prepared for
The Technical Review Workgroup for Metals and Asbestos (TRW)
Prepared by
Syracuse Research Corporation
6225 Running Ridge Road
North Syracuse, NY 13212
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN
Disclaimer
This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. EPA policy and is approved
for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Technical Review Workgroup for Metals and Asbestos
Members
The members of the TRW Lead Committee are technical staff from EPA Regions, Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER) Headquarters, and Office of Research and Development National
Center for Environmental Assessment (ORD/NCEA). Lead Committee members generally have an active
interest and recognized scientific expertise in metals or asbestos risk assessment. For more information
see: http://www. epa.gov/superfund/lead/trw.htm
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN v
Table of Contents
Disclaimer ii
Members iii
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose 1
1.2 Background 1
1.3 Scope 1
1.4 Approach 2
1.5 System References 3
1.6 Terms and Abbreviations 3
1.7 Referenced Documents 4
1.8 Organization of This Document 5
2.0 System Requirements 7
2.1 System Definition 7
2.1.1 System Concept and Purpose 7
2.1.2 System Sizing and Timing Requirements 7
2.1.3 Design Standards 7
2.1.4 Design Constraints and Assumptions 7
2.2 System Hardware and Software Requirements 8
2.3 Functional Requirements 8
2.3.1 Exposure Component 14
2.3.
2.3.
2.3.
2.3.
2.3.
2.3.
.1 Air Lead Exposure Module 14
.2 Dietary Lead Exposure Module 15
.3 Water Lead Exposure Module 18
.4 Soil Lead Exposure Module 19
.5 Dust Lead Exposure Module 20
.6 Exposure Component Parameters 23
2.3.2 Uptake Component 30
2.3.3 Biokinetic Component 32
2.3.4 Probability Distribution Component 33
3.0 Software Detail Design 35
3.1 Overall Design Description 35
3.1.1 Local Data 35
3.1.2 Control 35
3.1.3 Error Handling 35
3.1.4 Data Conversion 36
3.1.5 Test Structure 36
3.1.6 Manual Procedures 36
3.2 Exposure Component 36
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN
3.2.1 Air Lead Exposure Module 37
3.2.2 Dietary Lead Exposure Module 38
3.2.3 Water Lead Exposure Module 39
3.2.4 Soil/Dust Lead Exposure Module 40
3.2.5 Maternal Lead Exposure Module 41
3.2.6 Other Lead Exposure Module 41
3.2.7 GI/Bioavailability Module 42
3.3 Uptake Component 42
3.4 Biokinetic Component 42
4.0 Documentation for the lEUBKwin 43
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN vii
List of Tables
Table 1. Terms and Abbreviations 4
Table 2. Values for the new consumption variables that were added to version 1, build 264 17
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN viii
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN
List of Figures
Figure 1. System Life Cycle 3
Figure 2. Biological Structure of the lEUBKwin Model 9
Figure 3. Mathematical Structure of the lEUBKwin Model 10
Figure 4. Iterative Procedure for Determining Compartmental Lead Masses in Biokinetic
Component 13
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR lEUBKwiN
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR THE lEUBKwiN
1.0 Introduction
1.1 PURPOSE
This System Requirements and Design document is an all-inclusive synopsis of the requirements
for the development of the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children
(TEUBK). It documents the design and implementation of the software, and is intended as a
reference which can be used in the future for model enhancement or modification. The
requirements portion of this document describes, in detail, the parameters and equations that are
used in the lEUBKwin model. The design portion describes the structure and details of the
design of the model.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The IEUBK model is a standalone, personal computer (PC)-compatible software package. The
model allows the user to estimate a plausible distribution of blood lead concentrations for a
hypothetical child or population of children. This distribution is centered on the geometric mean
blood lead concentration which is predicted from available information about the child and
his/her exposure to lead. From this distribution, the model estimates the probability that a child's
blood lead concentration will exceed a certain level of concern (either user-selected or default).
The user also can explore possible changes in exposure media that would alter the probability
that blood lead concentrations would be above this level.
The model should be viewed as a tool for making rapid calculations and recalculations of an
extremely complex set of equations that include exposure, uptake, and biokinetic parameters.
The model was originally developed as a tool for determining site-specific cleanup levels. The
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) hopes to base the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lead guidance, directives (e.g., the Lead Directive), and
future rulemaking on the results produced by the IEUBK model. The IEUBK model has been
recommended as a risk assessment tool to support the implementation of the July 14, 1994,
OSWER Interim Directive on Revised Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites andRCRA
Facilities. The model uses four interrelated components (exposure, uptake, biokinetics, and
probability distributions) to estimate blood lead levels in children exposed to contaminated
media.
1.3 SCOPE
This System Requirements and Design document encompasses both the intent and purpose of the
IEUBK model as well as the programming details, documenting all facets of the program.
Rather than incorporate duplicative material, this document references additional sources of
information about the model. This document is not intended as a user's guide, which is available
as standalone document.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR THE lEUBKwiN
1.4 APPROACH
This document represents a particular step in the information system life cycle. As stated in the
OSWER System Life Cycle Management Guidance (April 1988):
"Life cycle management represents a structured approach to solving an information
management problem ... starting with the initial identification of the problem, progressing
through the building or acquisition of a solution, and ending with the final disposition of
the solution at the end of its useful life."
Figure 1 illustrates the five major phases and the stages of the system life cycle which are as
follows:
Initiation
Concept
Definition and Design
Development and Implementation (including testing)
Operation (stages include production, evaluation, and archive)
The OSWER System Life Cycle is designed to allow flexibility in system development while at
the same time providing distinct steps to follow in each phase. Each step has clearly defined:
Objectives (major accomplishments)
Key decisions (related to project approach, project execution, and project continuation)
Products (primarily documentation, but can include other written material and the system
itself)
The OSWER System Life Cycle Management Guidance includes descriptions of each phase and
discussion of the various steps involved in the phase. Outlines are provided for the system
documentation requirements which are included in the products within each phase.
In reference to the IEUBK model, the life cycle began with system conception and included
system design, development, and implementation. Currently, the lEUBKwin model is in the
operation stage, in which the system definition, design, development, and implementation phases
are repeated.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR THE lEUBKwiN
INITIATION
SYSTEM
LIFE
CYCLE
DEFINITION
AND
DESIGN
OPERATION
DEVELOPMENT
AND
IMPLEMENTATION
Production
Implementation
Development
Figure 1. System Life Cycle
1.5 SYSTEM REFERENCES
The primary reference for the lEUBKwin model version 1.1 is earlier versions of the IEUBK
model software (versions 0.99d and version 1.0). References include the U.S. EPA documents
listed in Section 1.7.
1.6 TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
A number of terms, acronyms, and abbreviations are used throughout this document. Acronyms
and abbreviations are identified in parentheses following the first usage of the term. Terms and
abbreviations used often in this document are listed in the table below:
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR THE lEUBKwiN
Table 1. Terms and Abbreviations
TERM
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CERCLA
cubic meters
Disk Operating System
deciliter
Environmental Protection Agency
gastrointestinal
gram
Independent Verification and Validation
Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children
Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children Windows version
liters
micro
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Resource Conservation an d Recovery A c/RCRA
lead
Technical Review Workgroup for Lead
Technical Support Document
ABBREVIATION
m3
DOS
dL
EPA
GI
g
IV&V
IEUBK
lEUBKwin
L
H
OSWER
Pb
TRW
TSD
1.7 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The documents listed below served as references for developing the lEUBKwin model.
Correspondence between the IEUBK Lead Model Source Code and Technical Support
Document: Parameters and Equations Used in the Integrated Exposure Uptake
Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (version 0.99d), prepared by Battelle for EPA
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, September 30, 1994.
EPA System Design and Development Guidance, June 1989.
Guidance Manual for the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in
Children, Publication Number, 9285.7-15-1, EPA/540/R-93/081, PB93-963510,
February 1994.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR THE lEUBKwiN
Phase I Report for the Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) of the Integrated
Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model for Lead in Children, Vols. I and II,
prepared by SAIC for EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Novembers, 1995.
Technical Support Document: Parameters and Equations Used in the Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model for Lead in Children (version 0.99d), Publication
Number 9285.7-22, EPA 540/R-94/040, PB 94-963505, December 1994.
OSWER System Life Cycle Management Guidance. OSWER 9028.00, April 1988.
In addition to the documents listed above, the TRW Lead Committee web site has guidance and
recommendations pertinent to lead risk assessment for hazardous waste sites
(www.epa.gov/superfund/lead).
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
This document is divided into the following five chapters with four appendices:
1.0 Introduction
2.0 System Requirements
3.0 Software Detailed Design
4.0 Documentation for the lEUBKwin
Appendix A Equations and Parameters in the lEUBKwin Model
Appendix B Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Appendix C lEUBKwin Parameter Dictionary
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
2.0 System Requirements
2.1 SYSTEM DEFINITION
In terms of functionality, the lEUBKwin model is essentially the same as earlier versions of the
model (version 0.99d and version 1.0). The primary difference is that the lEUBKwin model
version 1.1 incorporates updates to several model variables (i.e., dietary data and maternal blood
lead concentration) and addresses a discrepancy with the equations used to fit the bone growth
data (to a single continuous equation). As this task was solely a conversion effort, no attempt
was made to modify the program code substantively.
2.1.1 System Concept and Purpose
In order to predict the likely distribution of blood lead concentrations for children between the
ages of 6 months and 7 years exposed to lead in environmental media, the lEUBKwin model
combines estimates of lead intake from lead in air, water, soil, dust, diet, and other ingested
environmental media with an absorption model for the uptake of lead from the lung or
gastrointestinal tract, and a biokinetic model of lead distribution and elimination from a child's
body.
2.1.2 System Sizing and Timing Requirements
The lEUBKwin model is a standalone program that must be capable of performing on a desktop
personal computer. For easy distribution and installation, the system should be able to be
downloaded via the Internet.
2.1.3 Design Standards
The design standards from the EPA System Design and Development Guidance June 1989 were
followed in developing the IEUBK. In addition the changes to lEUBKwin were
made according to the Capability Maturity Model Implementation (CMMI). CMMI is an
evaluation tool used by government contractors to perform a contracted software project. At the
time of development, the contractor developing the software was at CMM level 3. The CMM
Level 3 credential demonstrates that SRC's software engineering solutions establish consistency
across the organization, which enables result-oriented outcomes for SRC staff and customers.
2.1.4 Design Constraints and Assumptions
EPA required that the lEUBKwin model be portable. Consequently, it was important to
efficiently recede the lEUBKwin model. This feature makes distribution of the model both
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
inexpensive and easy. The compiler program, Visual C++ version 6.0, was selected as the
development tool. This feature makes the lEUBKwin model portable in selected 32-bit
Windows environments (Windows 98/ME, Windows 2000, and Windows NT).
2.2 SYSTEM HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The lEUBKwin model is designed to operate on a specific hardware platform with one of a
limited number of operating systems installed. The optimal hardware and software requirements
are shown below.
Recommended for Optimum Performance:
Pentium Processor
200 MHZ (or higher)
32MB RAM
10MB Disk space
32-bit Windows Operating System
2.3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Figures 2 and 3 are graphical illustrations of the biological and mathematical structures,
respectively, of the lEUBKwin model. The biological structure in Figure 2 shows how lead can
move from the environment of a hypothetical child into the child's blood, while the
mathematical structure in Figure 3 shows the parameters and calculations necessary to determine
the child's blood lead concentration. Exposure, uptake, and biokinetic components are clearly
delineated in the figures and correspond to functions of the lEUBKwin model. Each of these
components, plus a fourth componentProbability Distributionis briefly described below.
Beginning in Section 2.3.1, each of the components is described in more detail, from a functional
perspective. For each component, these later sections address its purpose, the functions
performed in terms of the mathematical equations involved, and the interface between that
component and the others.
Descriptions of the database used by each component are not included in these sections because
neither the model components nor the lEUBKwin model use separate databases. Refer to the
lEUBKwin model Parameter Dictionary for details about the database. Similarly, a network
interface for the components is not addressed; the components are contained within an overall
program that is implemented as a standalone system.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
c
o
a.
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o
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3
OT
O
Q.
X
LU
Lungs
Gl Tract
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o
Q.
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^
Lungs
Gl Tract
Plasma Extra-Cellular Fluid
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n
O
o frabecular Cortical
'^ Bone Bone
0)
^
0
(
1
^~..~ ~ ^. .
Red Other
Blood Kidney Soft Liver
Cells Tissues
Environmental Media
Body Compartments
Elimination Pools of the Body
Body Compartment or Elimination Pool Required in More Than One Component
Figure 2. Biological Structure of the lEUBKwin Model.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Exposure Component
^T Media-Specific ^r
^T Consumption Rates ^r
\
<
r
^
i
Media-Specific Lead
Intake Rates
1
^T Media-Specific ^r
S Lead Concentration ^r
^^^^^^^^~^^^
y
1
/
Uptake Component
Max Abs Coeff and ^r ^r
Passive/Active Ratio ^r ^r
1
< Total Available Lead
Intake Rate
|
<
1
< Absorption ^V
Coefficients >^
|
<
1
Media-Specific
Lead Intake Rates
>
|
^ /*
1
Saturation
Factor
|
1
Lead Uptake
Rates
7
/
Child's Body /^
Weight /^
1
y
s^\
\
< Maternal Blood Lead ^^ / Weights and Volumes
Concentration >^ ^^ of Body Compartments
Biokinetic Component
yv
i
i
Compartment Lead ^^ /
Masses at Birth >^ ^^
^^^^^^
<
<
_| 1
1
Compartmental Lead
Transfer Times
Compartmental
Lead Masses
1
PbB
\
>\ / y
^-S Total Lead S
S Uptake S
y
y
y
Input Only
Calculations and Input
Calculations Required in More Than One Component
Figure 3. Mathematical Structure of the lEUBKwin Model.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Exposure Component
As indicated in Figure 2, the exposure component relates environmental lead concentrations to
the intake rate at which lead enters the child's body via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lungs.
The environmental media that serve as lead sources for the child are air, which enters the body
through the lungs, and diet, dust, paint, soil, water, and other media which enter the body through
the GI tract. As indicated in Figure 3, the exposure component converts media-specific
consumption rates (in m3/day, g/day, or L/day) and media-specific lead concentrations (in jig
Pb/m3, jig Pb/g, jig Pb/L), to media-specific lead intake rates (in jig Pb/day). The media-specific
consumption rates and lead concentrations can be modified by the user using site specific data.
The general equation relating the consumption rates and lead concentrations to the lead intake
rate is:
Lead Intake Rate = Media Lead Concentration * Media Intake Rate
In this manner, the exposure component determines how much lead enters the child's body and
stores that information in a set of media-specific lead intake rates.
Uptake Component
As indicated in Figure 2, the uptake component relates lead intake into the lungs or GI tract
determined in the exposure component to the uptake of lead from the exposed membrane into the
child's blood, for children at each age. Lead that enters through the lungs is either absorbed into
the blood plasma through the lungs, transferred to the GI tract, or eliminated from the body via
exhaled air. Very small particles may move directly into the blood plasma or may be eliminated
from the body via exhaled air. Most of the lead found in the human body enters through the GI
tract, either through direct ingestion or by movement from the nose, throat or lung structures.
Lead that enters the body through the GI tract is either absorbed into the blood plasma or
eliminated from the gut with other waste as feces. As indicated in Figure 3, the uptake
component converts the media-specific lead intake rates produced by the exposure component
into media-specific lead uptake rates (jig/day) for the blood plasma.
The total lead uptake (jig/day) from the GI tract is estimated as the sum of two components, one
passive (represented by a first order, linear relationship), the second active (represented by a
saturable, nonlinear relationship). These two components are intended to represent two different
mechanisms of lead absorption, an approach which is in accord with the limited data available in
humans and animals, and also by analogy, with what is known about calcium uptake from the
gut. First, the total lead "available" for uptake from the gut is defined as the sum, across all
media, of the media-specific intake rate multiplied by the estimated low-dose fractional
absorption for that medium. A passive absorption coefficient defines the dose-independent
fraction of the available lead that is absorbed by the passive absorption pathway, and allows
calculation of the rate of absorption via that pathway. The rate of absorption of the remaining
available lead by the active pathway is calculated using a non-linear relationship that allows for
saturable absorption.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Biokinetic Component
As indicated in Figure 2, the biokinetic component models the transfer of absorbed lead between
blood and other tissues, or elimination of lead from the body via urine, feces, skin, hair, and
nails. The biokinetic component of the IEUBK model is structured as a compartmental model of
the human body with transfer times between compartments as basic model building elements.
The compartmental structure of the IEUBK model was developed by identifying the anatomical
components of the body critical to lead uptake, storage, and elimination, and the routes or
pathways between these compartments. This compartmental scheme includes a central body
compartment, six peripheral body compartments, and three elimination pools. The blood plasma
is combined with the body's accessible extracellular fluid (ECF) to form the central plasma/ECF
body compartment. Separate body compartments are used to model the trabecular bone, cortical
bone, red blood cells, kidney, and liver. The remainder of the body tissues is included in the
"other soft tissues" peripheral body compartment. Three elimination pathways are included in
the biokinetic model: pathways from the central plasma/ECF compartment to the urinary pool,
from the compartment for other soft tissues to skin, hair, and nails, and from the liver to the
feces.
As indicated in Figure 3, the biokinetic component converts the total lead uptake rate produced
by the uptake component into an input to the blood plasma/ECF. Transfer coefficients are used
to model movement of lead between internal compartments and to the excretion pathway. These
quantities are then combined with the total lead uptake rate to determine lead masses in each of
the body compartments. The lead in the plasma portion of the central/ECF compartment is
added to the lead in the red blood cells to determine the blood lead concentration.
The iterative nature of the calculations in the biokinetic component is illustrated in Figure 4. The
period of exposure, 0 to 84 months, is divided into a number of equal time steps (within the
range of 15 minutes to one month) that are set by the user. During each iteration, compartmental
lead masses at the beginning of a time step are combined with the total lead uptake, inter-
compartmental transfers, and quantities of excretion during the time step to estimate
compartmental lead masses at the end of the time step. The compartmental lead transfer times
during the time step are key parameters in these calculations. The compartmental lead masses at
the end of the time step then become the compartmental lead masses at the beginning of the next
time step and the iterative process continues. The iterative process is initiated by determining the
compartmental lead masses at birth from the maternal blood lead concentration and data on the
relative concentrations of lead in different tissues of stillborn fetuses. The model calculates all of
the compartmental contents from 0 to 84 months; and reports blood lead concentrations from 6 to
84 months.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
/Total Lead Uptake \
\ During Time Step /
/Compartmental Leack
( Masses at Beginning V
\ of Time Step /
/\
/Compartmental Leac
^TransferTimes During
\ Time Step
Compartmental Lead
Masses at End of
Time Step
Figure 4. Iterative Procedure for Determining Compartmental Lead Masses in Biokinetic
Component.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Probability Distribution Component
The probability distribution component of the model estimates a plausible distribution of blood
lead concentrations. The distribution is centered on the geometric mean blood lead concentration
for a hypothetical child or population of children. The distribution can be displayed graphically,
or the data can be downloaded into another software program for statistical analysis. Descriptive
statistics and Plot/Graph are functions of PBSTAT, which uses files with the "*.asc" extension,
which are generated from the DOS IEUBK model. To use these functions in the Windows batch
mode data, files which have the extension "*.txt", must be renamed with the file extension to
"*.asc" using File Manager or Windows Explorer. The Batch Mode text results file (*.txt)
generated from the lEUBKwin model can be used in the DOS version of PBSTAT by renaming
the file extension from *.txt to *.asc in File Manager or Windows Explorer. Note that the *.asc
file generated by lEUBKwin will have to be modified for PBSTAT: all the headers must be
removed except for the ID FAM BLK line; The P (PbB>C) data column must also be removed;
the data should begin on line 4.
2.3.1 Exposure Component
The exposure component of the lEUBKwin model converts media-specific consumption rates
and media-specific lead concentrations to media-specific lead intake rates. The media that are
included in the exposure component are air, diet, water, soil, dust and paint. The equations that
govern these model calculations are listed and discussed below.
In these equations, the lead intake rates for air, diet, household dust, alternate source dust, soil,
water, and other ingested media are denoted by INAIR[AGE], INDIET[AGE], INDUST[AGE],
INDUSTA[AGE], INSOIL[AGE], INWATER[AGE], and INOTHER[AGE], respectively. The
notation "[AGE]" indicates that these intake rates change with the age, t, of the child. All lead
intake rates are in units of g Pb/day. Once calculated, media-specific lead intake rates serve as
inputs to the uptake component. In the sections below, the calculations required to determine the
lead intake rates are discussed by media.
2.3.1.1 Air Lead Exposure Module
The air lead exposure module considers both indoor and outdoor air lead exposure for
determining the child's overall air lead exposure. The outdoor air lead concentration
[air_concentration[AGE]] is specified by the user. The indoor air lead concentration
[IndoorConc[AGE]] is determined according to Equation E-l as a user-specified, constant
percentage [Indoorpercent] of the outdoor air lead concentration. A time-weighted average air
lead concentration [TWA[AGE]] is determined according to Equation E-2 where the indoor and
outdoor air lead concentrations are weighted by the user-specified, age-dependent number of
hours per day that a child spends outdoors [time_out[AGE]]. Finally, the lead intake from air,
INAIR[AGE], is calculated according to Equation E-3 as the product of the time-weighted air
lead concentration and a user-specified, age-dependent ventilation rate [vent_rate[AGE]].
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
IndoorConc[AGE] = 0.01 * indoorpercent * air_concentration[AGE] (E-l)
[time outfAGEl * air concentrationlAGEll + J24 - (time outlAGEl) * IndoorConcfAGEll _ .
TWA[AGE] = ฑ =l- * = l- ^L i =l- ^ l- ^ (E-2)
24
INAIR[AGE] = TWA[AGE] * vent_rate[AGE] (E-3)
2.3.1.2 Dietary Lead Exposure Module
Dietary lead exposure, or the lead intake rate from diet [INDIET[AGE]], is determined by one of
two methods: (1) direct specification, or (2) the alternative diet model. Under direct
specification, INDIET[AGE] is set equal to a user-specified, age-dependent lead intake rate for
diet [diet_intake[AGE]], as indicated in Equation E-4a:
INDIET[AGE] = diet_intake[AGE] (E-4a)
Under the alternative diet model, INDIET[AGE] is calculated as the sum of the lead intake rates
for meat, vegetables, fruit, and other sources. The first three categories are sub-divided as
follows:
Meat
- non-game animal (InMeat[AGE])
- game animal (InGame[AGE])
- fish (InFish[AGE])
Vegetables
- canned (InCanVeg[AGEJ)
- fresh (InFrVeg[AGE])
- home-grown (InHomeVeg[AGE])
Fruit
- canned (InCanFruit[AGE])
- fresh (InFrFruit[AGE])
- home-grown (InHomeFruitfAGEJ)
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
INDIET[AGE] = DietTotal[AGE] = InMeat[AGE] + InGame[AGE] + InFish[AGE] + InCanVeg[AGE] +
InFrVeg[AGE] + InHomeVeg[AGE] + InCanFruit[AGE] + InFrFruit[AGE] + InHomeFruit[AGE]
+ InOtherDiettAGE]1 (E-4b)
InOtherDiet[AGE] = InDairy[AGE] + InJuice[AGE] + InNuts[AGE] + InBread[AGE] + InPasta[AGE] +
InBeverage[AGE] + InCandy[AGE] + InSauce[AGE] + InFormula[AGE] + Mnfant[AGE]
(E-4c)
Under the alternative diet intake calculation, each of the terms of Equations E-4b and E-4c are
calculated as the product of the lead concentration for that food category and the food
consumption rate for that category, as shown in Equations E-4d through E-4r.
beverage[AGE] = beverageConc * beverage_Consump[AGE] (E-4d)
bread[AGE] = breadConc * bread_Consump[AGE] (E-4e)
can_fruit[AGE] = canFruitConc * canFruit_Consump[AGE] (E-4f)
can_veg[AGE] = canVegConc * canVeg_Consump[AGE] (E-4g)
candy[AGE] = candyConc * candy_Consump[AGE] (E-4h)
dairy[AGE] = dairyConc * dairy_Consump[AGE] (E-4i)
f_fruit[AGE] = fFruitConc * fFruit_Consump[AGE] (E-4j)
f_veg[AGE] = fVegConc * fVeg_Consump[AGE] (E-4k)
formula[AGE] = formulaConc * formula_Consump[AGE] (E-41)
infant[AGE] = infantConc * infant_Consump[AGE] (E-4m)
juices[AGE] = juiceConc * juice_Consump[AGE] (E-4n)
meat[AGE] = meatConc * meat_Consump[AGE] (E-4o)
nuts[AGE] = nutsConc * nuts_Consump[AGE] (E-4p)
pasta[AGE] = pastaConc * pasta_Consump[AGE] (E-4q)
sauce[AGE] = sauceConc * sauce_Consump[AGE] (E-4r)
The within-age sum of the dietary lead intake variables1, which are defined by Equations E-4d
through E-4r, equal the default dietary lead intake represented by diet_intake[AGE]. The values
for the concentration and consumption rate parameters that appear in E-4d through E-4r are
assigned in the code and are not accessible to the user. The values for concentration are based on
the TRW's analysis of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) total diet study data from
market basket samples that were collected from 1995-2003 (FDA, 2006). The values for
consumption were derived from the food concentration values that appeared (but were not used)
in the IEUBK DOS model (v. 0.99d) code, and the values of the food intake parameters that were
used in the IEUBK Windows model code up to Version 1.0, Build 263.
1 The values for the dietary lead intake variables were formerly assigned directly in the code in Version 1.0,
Build 263 and earlier versions, including the DOS versions. In Windows Version 1.0, Build 264, the
concentration and consumption rate parameters that appear in Equation E-4d through E-4r were added to clarify
how the values for dietary intake were derived, and to make the code easier to update as new information on
food residue concentration and consumption rates become available.
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17
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
With the exception of InOtherDiet[AGE]2, which only uses default values, the terms on the right-
hand side of the equal sign of Equation E-4b are defined in Equations E-5a through E-51. In
Equations E-5a through E-51 the model allows the user to vary local dietary factors (e.g., home
grown vegetables, fruits, game animals and fish) that may influence overall lead exposure. The
user specifies the fraction of total food category consumption represented by each food source.
However, the total quantity of food consumption from each category (meat, vegetables, fruit) is a
model constant. Because the total quantity of food consumption for each food category is a
constant, it is recommended that users do not make changes to dietary lead intake variables in
combination with alternate dietary exposures. In Equations E-5a through E-5e, the traditional
supermarket portion of the dietary lead intake rate is calculated as the sum of the products of
each consumption fraction and the specific lead intake for that category of food. The
consumption fraction is calculated as a complement of the user defined nonsupermarket fraction
[i.e., 1 - user defined nonsupermarket fraction]:
meatFraction = 1 - userFishFraction - userGameFraction (E-5a)
vegFraction = 1 - userVegFraction (E-5b)
fruitFraction = 1 - userFruitFraction (E-5c)
InMeat[AGE] = meatFraction * meat[AGE] (E-5d)
InCanVeg[AGE] = vegFraction/2 * can_veg[AGE] (E-5e)
InFrVeg[AGE] = vegFraction/2 * f_veg[AGE] (E-5f)
InCanFruit[AGE] = fruitFraction/2 * can_fruit[AGE] (E-5g)
InFrFruit[AGE] = fruitFraction/2 * f_fruit[AGE] (E-5h)
Table 2. Values for the new consumption variables that were added to IEUBK.
[AGE]
12345 6 7
beverage_Consump[AGE] 87.993 116.487 209.677 194.982 177.061 183.333 188.710
bread_Consump[AGE] 4.992 15.862 13.311 16.639 19.967 22.629 27.898
candy_Consump[AGE] 9.955 11.273 32.909 24.409 16.000 14.818 12.455
canFruit_Consump[AGE] 13.941 8.183 8.145 7.691 7.236 7.460 7.906
canVeg_Consump[AGE] 0.668 2.274 2.563 2.662 2.771 2.626 2.356
dairy_Consump[AGE] 41.784 35.321 38.527 38.327 38.176 40.631 45.591
ffruit_Consump[AGE] 2.495 12.540 11.196 11.196 11.452 12.988 16.059
formula_Consump[AGE] 45.153 22.975 0.797 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
fveg_Consump[AGE] 8.773 15.945 28.156 27.623 27.030 29.164 33.373
infant_Consump[AGE] 131.767 66.905 1.634 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
juice_Consump[AGE] 2.018 11.656 15.692 15.692 15.692 19.646 27.471
meat_Consump[AGE] 12.500 29.605 38.111 40.930 43.750 47.368 54.558
nuts_Consump[AGE] 0.087 0.962 0.875 0.962 0.962 0.962 0.875
pasta_Consump[AGE] 10.409 18.902 26.263 25.915 25.566 27.134 30.183
sauce_Consump[AGE] 1.647 4.784 5.569 6.902 8.157 8.235 8.235
In Equations E-5i through E-51, the lead intake rate is calculated as the product of the user-
defined nonsupermarket consumption fraction, and a consumption rate for that category of food:
For the sake of simplification, the term InOtherDiet[AGE] is used in the text to represent components of the diet other than meat, fruit,
vegetables, fish, or game (this term does not actually appear in the code). These other dietary components are modeled as InDairy, InJuice,
InNuts, InBread, InPasta, InBeverage, InCandy, InSauce, InFormula, and Inlnfant. The values for these parameters are defined in the program
code for the model and cannot be modified by the user. The values of these parameters are the same whether alternate dietary values are used.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
InHomeFruit[AGE] = userFruitFraction * (canFruit_Consump[AGE] + fFruit_Consump [AGE]) * UserFruitConc
(E-5i)
InHomeVeg[AGE] = userVegFraction * (canVeg_Consump[AGE] + fVeg_Consump[AGE]) * UserVegConc
(E-5J)
InFish[AGE] = userFishFraction * meat_consump[AGE] * UserFishConc (E-5k)
InGame[AGE] = userGameFraction * meat_consump[AGE] * UserGameConc (E-51)
In Equations E-5m through E-5v, the terms of InOtherDiet[AGE] are defined. All these terms
have default values in the model. See Appendix B, the Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin
model, for the default values.
InDairy [AGE] = dairy [AGE] E-5m
InJuice [AGE] = juices [AGE] E-5n
InNuts[AGE] = nuts[AGE] E-5o
InBread[AGE] = bread[AGE] E-5p
InPasta[AGE] = pasta[AGE] E-5q
InBeverage[AGE] = beverage [AGE] E-5r
InCandy[AGE] = candy[AGE] E-5s
InSauce[AGE] = sauce[AGE] E-5t
InFormula[AGE] = formula[AGE] E-5u
Mnfant[AGE] = infant[AGE] E-5v
2.3.1.3 Water Lead Exposure Module
Water lead exposure is determined by one of two methods: (1) direct specification, or (2) an
alternative water lead concentration model. For direct specification, as indicated in Equation
E-6a, INWATER[AGE] is calculated as the product of a user-specified, age-dependent water
consumption rate [water_consumption[AGE]] and a user-specified, constant water lead
concentration [constant_water_conc].
INWATER[AGE] = water_consumption[AGE] * constant_water_conc (E-6a)
For the alternative water model, as indicated in Equation E-6b, INWATER[AGE] is calculated
as the product of the same user-specified, age-dependent water consumption rate
[water_consumption[AGE]] and a constant water lead concentration that is calculated as a
weighted average of user-specified, constant water lead concentrations from the first draw on a
home faucet [FirstDrawConc], a flushed faucet at home [HomeFlushedConc], and a water
fountain outside the home [FountainConc]. These concentrations are weighted by user-specified,
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
constant fractions of consumed water that are first-draw water [FirstDrawFraction], home
flushed water [HomeFlushedFraction], and fountain water [FountainFraction]. As indicated in
Equation E-7, HomeFlushedFraction is calculated by subtracting the other two fractions from 1.
INWATER[AGE] = water_consumption[AGEJ*
^HomeFlushedConc * HomeFlushedFraction
FirstDrawConc * FirstDrawFraction +
FountainConc * FountainFraction
(E-6b)
HomeFlushedFraction = 1 - (FirstDrawFraction - FountainFraction) (E-7)
2.3.1.4 Soil Lead Exposure Module
Equation E-8a is used to determine the soil lead exposure for each of the following 'constant
outdoor soil lead concentration' conditions:
Multiple source analysis and constant outdoor soil lead concentration
Variable indoor dust lead concentration and constant outdoor soil lead concentration
Constant indoor dust lead concentration and constant outdoor soil lead concentration
INSOIL[AGE] = constant_soil_conc[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * weight_soil) (E-8a)
where:
constant_soil_conc[AGE] = the constant user-specified soil lead concentration
soil_ingested[AGE] = the user-specified age-dependent soil and dust ingestion
rate
0.01 * weight_soil = a user-specified constant fraction of soil and dust
ingested that is soil.
However, if none of the three conditions specified above are applicable, Equation E-8b is used to
determine the soil lead exposure. Equation E-8b is only applicable if one of the following
'variable outdoor soil lead concentration' conditions exists:
Multiple source analysis and variable outdoor soil lead concentration
Variable indoor dust lead concentration and variable outdoor soil lead concentration
Constant indoor dust lead concentration and variable outdoor soil lead concentration
INSOIL[AGE] =soil_content[AGE]* soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * weight_soil) (E-8b)
where:
soil_content[AGE] = the user-specified age-dependent outdoor soil lead concentration
soil_ingested[AGE] = the user-specified age-dependent soil and dust ingestion rate
0.01 *weight_soil = a user-specified constant fraction of soil and dust ingested that is
soil
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20
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Outdoor soil lead concentration can be specified in an age-dependent manner in the soil/dust data
input window.
2.3.1.5 Dust Lead Exposure Module
Dust lead exposure is determined by one of two methods: (1) direct specification, or (2) an
alternative dust model. For direct specification, as indicated in Equations E-9a, the baseline dust
lead intake, INDUST[AGE], is calculated as the product of a user-specified dust concentration
[constant_dust_conc], user-specified age-dependent soil and dust ingestion rate
[soil_ingested[AGE]], and the fraction of soil and dust ingestion that is in the form of dust
[0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)]. When using the direct specification, the alternative source dust
lead intake [INDUSTA[AGE]], is set to zero. Equation E-9a is used if one of the following
conditions exists:
Constant indoor dust lead concentration and constant outdoor soil lead concentration
Constant indoor dust lead concentration and variable outdoor soil lead concentration
INDUST[AGE] = constant_dust_conc[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * [0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)] (E-9a)
where:
constant_dust_conc[AGE] = the user-specified dust lead concentration
soil_ingested[AGE] = the user-specified, age-dependent soil and dust ingestion
rate
[0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)] = the fraction of soil and dust ingestion that is in the form of
dust
The alternative dust sources component has two specifications:
The indoor dust lead concentration is calculated as a sum of contributions from soil and
air, either constant or age-dependent (specific calculations are not shown here, please
refer to the Appendix A).
The indoor dust lead intake [INDUSTA[AGE]] is calculated as the sum of contributions
from several additional sources as indicated by Equation E-9c. Only a fraction of dust
lead exposure is assumed to come from residential dust. When data are available, the
remainder of the dust lead is assumed to come from separately estimated dust sources
including:
-Secondary exposure to leaded dust carried home from the workplace [OCCUP[AGE]]
-Leaded dust at school or pre-school [SCHOOL[AGE]]
-Leaded dust at other non-school daycare facilities [DAYCARE[AGE]]
-Leaded dust from secondary homes (e.g., grandparents) [SECHOME[AGE]]
-Leaded dust from deteriorating interior paint [OTHER[AGE]]
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Equations E-9b and E-9c are used in determining the household indoor dust lead concentration
[INDUST[AGE]] and alternative indoor dust lead intake [INDUSTA[AGE]] if multiple source
analysis and alternate indoor dust lead sources are used.
INDUST[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * (soil_indoor[AGE] * HouseFraction) (E-9b)
INDUSTA[AGE] = OCCUP[AGE] + SCHOOL[AGE] + DAYCARE[AGE] + SECHOME[AGE] +
OTHER[AGE] (E- 9c)
In Equation E-9b, INDUST[AGE] is the product of the age-dependent dust ingestion rate
[DustTotal[AGE]] (see Equation E-10), an age-dependent indoor household dust lead
concentration [soil_indoor[AGE]] (see Equation E-l la), and the fraction of dust exposure that is
from residential dust [HouseFraction] (see Equation E-9.5).
The following equations are used to determine the household indoor dust lead intake and
alternative indoor dust lead intake if one of the following conditions exists:
Multiple source analysis and constant outdoor soil lead concentration
Multiple source analysis and variable outdoor soil lead concentration
INDUST[AGE] = soil_indoor[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * [0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)] (E-9d)
where:
soil_indoor[AGE] is derived from either Equation E-l la or E-l Ib
soil_ingested[AGE] is derived from either Equation E-l la or E-l Ib
[0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)] = the fraction of soil and dust ingestion that is in the form of
dust
In Equation E-10, Dust_Total[AGE] is the product of an age-dependent soil and dust ingestion
rate [soil_ingested[AGE]] and the user-specified constant fraction of soil and dust ingested that
is dust [0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)].
DustTotal[AGE] = soil_ingested[AGE] * [0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)] (E-10)
Equation E-l 1 has many variations depending on the conditions that exist. In Equation E-l la,
soil_indoor[AGE] is calculated as a sum of contributions from soil and air.
soil_indoor[AGE] = (contrib_percent *soil_content[AGE]) + (multiply_factor * air_concentration[AGE])
(E-l la)
The contribution from soil is the product of a user-specified, constant ratio of dust to soil lead
concentrations [contrib_percent] and the user-specified, age-dependent outdoor soil lead
concentration [soil_content[AGE]]. Similarly, the contribution from air is the product of a user-
specified, constant ratio of dust to air lead concentrations [multiply_factor] and the user-
specified, age-dependent outdoor air concentration [air_concentration[AGE]]. This equation
only applies if both multiple source analysis and variable outdoor soil lead concentration is used
in determining INDUST[AGE].
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Equation E-l Ib is applicable if both multiple source analysis and constant outdoor soil lead
concentration are used. The parameter constant_soil_conc[AGE] replaces the parameter
soil_content[AGE] and uses the default value for outdoor soil lead concentration instead of a
user-specified value.
soil_indoor[AGE] = (contrib_percent * constant_soil_conc[AGE]) +
(multiply_factor * air_concentration[AGE]) (E-l Ib)
Equation E-9e applies if one of the following conditions exists:
Variable indoor dust lead concentration and constant outdoor soil lead concentration
Variable indoor dust lead concentration and variable outdoor soil lead concentration
INDUST[AGE] = dust_indoor[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)) (E-9e)
where:
dust_indoor[AGE] = the user-specified age-dependent indoor dust concentration
soil_ingested[AGE] = the user-specified age-dependent soil and dust ingestion
rate
(0.01 * (100 - weight_soil)) = the fraction of soil and dust ingestion that is in the form of
dust
Equation E-l Ic is applicable when user-specified, variable household indoor dust lead
concentrations are used in conjunction with either constant or variable, user-specified outdoor
soil lead concentrations to determine INDUST[AGE] (see Equation E-9e).
soil_indoor[AGE] = dust_indoor[AGE] (E-llc)
where:
dust_indoor[AGE] = user-specified age-dependent indoor dust lead concentration
soil_indoor[AGE] = constant_dust_conc[AGE] (E-l Id)
where:
constant_dust_conc[AGE] = default or user-specified constant value for indoor dust lead
concentration
As indicated in Equation E-9.5, HouseFraction is determined by subtracting from 1, the total of
the user-specified, constant fractions of dust ingested that come from the parent's occupation
[OccupFraction], school [SchoolFraction], daycare [DaycareFraction], secondary homes
[SecHomeFraction], and paint [OtherFraction]. The sum of all source fractions cannot exceed
1.0. As indicated in Equation E-9c, INDUSTA[AGE] is the sum of the lead intake rates from all
five alternative sources. The individual lead intake rates for the alternative sources are defined in
Equations E-12a through E-12e. In these equations, the lead intake rate is the product of the age-
dependent, dust ingestion rate [DustTotal[AGE]], the user-specified, constant fraction of dust
ingested that comes from that source (OccupFraction, SchoolFraction, DaycareFraction,
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23
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
SecHomeFraction, or OtherFraction), and the user-specified, constant dust lead concentration for
dust from that source (OccupConc, SchoolConc, DaycareConc, SecHomeConc, or OtherConc).
HouseFraction = 1 - (OccupFraction - SchoolFraction - DaycareFraction - SecHomeFraction -
OtherFraction) (E- 9.5)
OCCUP[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * OccupFraction * OccupConc (E-12a)
SCHOOL [AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * SchoolFraction * SchoolConc (E-12b)
DAYCARE[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * DaycareFraction * DaycareConc (E-12c)
SECHOME[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * SecHomeFraction * SecHomeConc (E-12d)
OTHER[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * OtherFraction *OtherConc (E-12e)
2.3.1.6 Exposure Component Parameters
For diet, water, and dust exposures, the user may choose from two or more methods of
calculating exposure. Each of these exposure pathways has both concentration and intake
parameter default values built into the IEUBK model that can be used to calculate default
exposure levels. The following sections contain information on the default values for
concentration and intake for air, diet, water, soil, and dust.
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24
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Parameter Values for Air
The default values for indoorpercent, air_concentration[AGE], time_out[AGE], and
vent_rate[AGE] result in the default values shown in the following table:
' ' _ PARAMETER
IndoorConc[AGE] 0.03
TWA[AGE] 0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
INAIR[AGE]
0.11
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.29
0.29
DEFAULT VALUE . -
(ig/m3 1-7
3 (ig/m3 1
6 (ig/m3
9 (ig/m3
2 (ig/m3
2 (ig/m3
2 (ig/m3
2 (ig/m3
0.07 (ig/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
. AGE INTERVAL .
. (year), .
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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25
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Parameter Values for Diet
The default values for the lead intake rate from diet are shown in the following table:
PARAMETER
/
INDIET[AGE]
(Direct specification)
INDIETfAGE]1
(Alternative diet
specification)
DEFAULT VALUE
4ซ%f)
2.26
1.96
2.13
2.04
1.95
2.05
2.22
2.26
1.96
2.13
2.04
1.95
2.05
2.22
AGE INTERVAL
ifear)/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
The model assumes no consumption of game animal meat, fish, home-grown vegetables or home-grown fruit
unless specified by the user.
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26
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Parameter Values for Water
Using the default values for water_consumption[AGE] and constant_water_conc results in the
default values shown in the following table:
PARAMETER
' '/
INWATER[AGE]
(Direct Specification)
INWATER[AGE]
(Alternative Water Model)
DEFAULT VALUE
/ difftftg)/
0.80
2.00
2.08
2.12
2.20
2.32
2.36
0.77
1.92
2.00
2.04
2.12
2.23
2.27
AGE INTERVAL
^ / *
/ - tyeJjr)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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27
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Parameter Values for Soil
Using the default values for constant_soil_conc[AGE], soil_ingested[AGE], and weight_soil
results in the default values shown in the following table:
". '_'_'_ PARAMETER _' _ '_ *,
Soil-derived exterior dust
ingestion rate
60.7
60.7
45.0
40.5
38.2
INSOIL[AGE] 7.65
12.1
12.1
12.1
9.00
8.10
7.65
' , DEFAULT VALUE
38.25 mg/day
60.75 mg/day
5 mg/day
5 mg/day
0 mg/day
0 mg/day
5 mg/day
Mg/day
5 Mg/day
5 Mg/day
5 Mg/day
Mg/day
Mg/day
Mg/day
,; : : v,r, vAGEINTERVAL
: . , (fear)'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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28
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Parameter Values for Dust
Using the default values for soil_ingested[AGE], percent_soil, and dust_indoor[AGE] results in
the default values shown in the following table:
". '_'_'_ PARAMETER _' _ '_ *,
DustTotal[AGE] 46.75
74.2
74.2
74.2
55.0
49.5
46.7
INDUST[AGE] 9.35
14.8
14.8
14.8
11.0
9.90
9.35
INDUSTA[AGE] 0
' , DEFAULT VALUE
mg/day
5 mg/day
5 mg/day
5 mg/day
0 mg/day
0 mg/day
5 mg/day
Mg/day
5 Mg/day
5 Mg/day
5 Mg/day
0 Mg/day
Mg/day
Mg/day
Mg/day
,; : : v,r, vAGEINTERVAL
: . , (fear)'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1-7
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29
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Parameter Values for Alternative Dust
The default values for the alternative dust module are as shown in the following table:
' . PARAMETER -
DustTotal[AGE] 46.75
74.2
74.2
74.2
55.0
49.5
46.7
soil_indoor[AGE]
INDUST[AGE] 8.42
13.3
13.3
13.3
9.90
8.91
8.42
INDUSTA[AGE] 0
'DEFAULT VALUE'
mg/day
5 mg/day
5 mg/day
5 mg/day
0 mg/day
0 mg/day
5 mg/day
150 |ig/g
(ig/day
7 (ig/day
7 (ig/day
7 (ig/day
Mg/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
(ig/day
AGE INTERVAL- .
', ' * (year) ,;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1-7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1-7
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30
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
2.3.2 Uptake Component
The uptake component models the manner in which lead intake (lead that has entered the child's
body through ingestion or inhalation) is either transferred to the child's blood plasma or
eliminated from the body. The equations that govern the uptake of lead into the blood plasma
are discussed in this section. As noted in the previous section describing the exposure
component of the lEUBKwin model, the notation [AGE] following a parameter name indicates
that the parameter changes with the age of the child. The total of the lead uptake rates is the
primary input to the biokinetic component of the model.
The fraction of lead intake that is actually absorbed into a child's system is known as the
absorption fraction. The lEUBKwin model is structured so that the media-specific absorption
fractions are constant at typical blood lead concentrations of concern. The media-specific
absorption fractions include:
ABSF for dietary lead absorption
ABSD for dust lead absorption
ABSS for soil lead absorption
ABSW for drinking water lead absorption
ABSO for paint chips lead absorption
In the absence of saturation effects, total lead absorption is equal to the sum of media-specific
absorption values where absorption from each media is equal to the intake rate multiplied by the
absorption fraction for that media. This quantity is denoted AVINTAKE, and is calculated using
the Equation U-2:
AVINTAKE = (ABSD * INDUST[AGE]) + (ABSD * INDUSTA[AGE]) + (ABSF * INDIET[AGE]) +
(ABSF * INOTHER[AGE]) + (ABSS * INSOIL[AGE]) + (ABSW * INWATER[AGE])
(U-2)
To more accurately model lead uptake at higher intake rates, absorption fractions must be
modified to separate non-saturable and saturable components. At doses where saturation of
absorption is important, the actual uptake of lead will be less than AVINTAKE[AGE]. Lead
uptake by the passive pathway is assumed to be linearly proportional to intake at all dose levels.
The user parameter PAF is the fraction of the total net absorption at low intake rates that is
attributable to non-saturable processes. Specifically, the lead uptake by the passive pathway is
equal to:
PAF * AVINTAKE[AGE]
The lEUBKwin model assumes that the fraction of absorbed lead intake that is absorbed by non-
saturable processes is the same for all media. At low doses, the quantity of lead absorbed by the
saturable pathway is:
(1-PAF) * AVINTAKE[AGE]
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
However, at higher doses, only a certain fraction of this amount will be absorbed. The key
parameter in this relationship is SATUPTAKE[AGE], which represents the level of available
intake (AVINTAKE) at which the saturable pathway uptake reaches half of its maximum value.
This half-saturation parameter depends on the age [AGE] of the child. The user can modify the
value of SATUPTAKE[AGE] at age t = 24 months, denoted SATINTAKE2, through the
GI/Bioavailability selection from the Parameter Input menu. From SATINTAKE2, the IEUBK
model calculates SATUPTAKE[AGE] for all ages using Equation U-3. The parameter
WTBODY(24) in the IEUBK model source code has a default value of 12.3.
SATUPTAKE[MONTH] = SATUPTAKE2 *
WTBODY [MONTH]
WTBODY[24]
(U-3)
The fraction of potential saturable pathway uptake that is actually absorbed is given by:
AVINTAKE[AGE]
1 +
SA TUPTAKE[AGE],
Thus, the amount of lead that is absorbed by saturable processes is calculated as:
(i - PAFS) * A VINTAKE[AGE]
1 +
AVINTAKE[AGE] ^
SATUPTAKE[AGE\)
Total lead uptake from a medium is given by the sum of the active and passive components of
uptake. Media-specific uptake rates are calculated using the same proportions as total intake.
For example, the non-saturable uptake component for soil is given by:
INSOILfAGE] *ABSS *AVS * PAFS
where,
PAFS = PAF for soil (see below)
Whereas the saturable uptake component for soil is:
(i - PAFS) * INSOIL[AGE] * ABSS * A vs
( AVINTAKE[AGE] ^
\^SATUPTAKE[AGE]}
Uptake rates for other media are calculated in the same way.
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32
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
The absorption coefficients for each medium (diet, water, dust, paint, soil, and alternate dust) are
listed in Appendix A as Equations U-la through U-lf. The saturable uptake component for each
medium is assigned a unique variable name in the source code: PAFD for diet, PAFW for water,
PAFD for dust and alternate dust, PAFS for soil, and PAFP for paint. The saturable uptake
component for each medium is set to a constant value except for air. The absorption coefficient
for air (air_absorp[AGEJ) varies with age; it is listed in Appendix A as Equation U-4. With the
absorption coefficient for each medium, the total monthly lead uptake can be calculated using
EquationU-5.
UPTAKE[MONTH] = 30*(UPDIET[MONTH] + UP WATER [MONTH] + UPDUST[MONTH] +
UPSOIL [MONTH] + UPDUSTA [MONTH] + UPOTHER[MONTH] + UP AIR[MONTH])
(U-5)
where:
30 = conversion factor from daily media-specific uptakes to monthly total uptake
2.3.3 Biokinetic Component
Based on the total lead uptake rate (UPTAKE[MONTH]), the biokinetic component of the
lEUBKwin model calculates age-dependent lead masses in each of the body compartments
(plasma-extra-cellular fluid (ECF), liver, kidney, trabecular bone, cortical bone, and other soft
tissue). The concentration of lead in blood is then calculated by dividing mass of lead in the
blood plasma and red blood cells by the volume of blood.
The calculations in the biokinetic module occur sequentially, beginning with a determination of
the volumes and weights of specific compartments in a child's body, as a function of age. Next,
the transfer times of lead between the compartments and through elimination pathways are
estimated. Initial compartmental lead masses and an initial blood lead concentration are
calculated for a newborn child. Then successive values are calculated for the compartmental
lead masses and blood lead concentration of a child at each iteration time. These calculations are
performed for a child from birth to age 84 months.
The equations for compartmental lead transfer times are listed in Appendix A as Equations B-la
through B-lh, B-2a through B-2o, and B-2.5. Equation B-2.5, as written in lEUBKwin model
source code, indicates an age-dependent array for MRBC[STEPS]. The source code was taken
directly from the IEUBK model (version 0.99d); thus, lEUBKwin model results are the same as
those computed from the equation as written in the IEUBK model (version 0.99d) source code.
The parameter WTBODY(24) in Equations B-la through B-le has a default value of 12.3 in the
model source code. For simplification purposes, storage arrays (ResCoef and ALLOMET) are
used in the IEUBK model source code to store parameter and constant values in Equations B-la
through B-lg, B-2a, and B-3. The exponent, 0.333, in Equations B-la through B-le is stored in
the ALLOMET array. Parameters such as TBLUR(24), TBLLIV(24), TBLOTH(24),
TBLKID(24), TBLBONE(24), RATFECUR, and RATOUTFEC in Equations B-la through B-lg
and constants in Equations B-2a and B-3 are stored in the ResCoef array in the IEUBK model
source code. The equations for blood to plasma_ECF lead mass ratio, fluid volumes and organ
weights, difference equations, tissue lead masses and blood lead concentration at birth,
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33
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
compartmental lead masses, and blood lead concentration are B-3, B-4a through B-4d, B-5a
through B-5m, B-6.5a through B-6.51, B-7a through B-7i, B-8a through B-9i, and B-lOa through
B-lOc, respectively (see Appendix A).
In the lEUBKwin model source code, the parameters in Equations B-8a through B-lOa are set up
as vectors that store 84 monthly values. The source code computes two values for each
parameter, one for the current time step and one for the previous time step. These parameters are
updated at the end of each time step. The difference in the implementation of these parameters
in the lEUBKwin model source code does not affect the results of the model.
2.3.4 Probability Distribution Component
The fourth component of the lEUBKwin model estimates, for a hypothetical child or population
of children, a plausible distribution of blood lead concentrations centered on the geometric mean
blood lead concentration predicted by the model from available information about children's
exposure to lead. From this distribution, the lEUBKwin model calculates the probability that
children's blood lead concentrations will exceed the user-selected level of concern.
Risk estimation and plotting of probability distributions requires the selection of two parameters,
the blood lead level of concern (cutoff level) and the Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD). A
value of 10 |ig/dL is generally used as the blood lead level of concern and 1.6 for the GSD, but
other values can be selected by the user.
The user should note that results obtained from this version of lEUBKwin may differ slightly
from results obtained from the 0.99d version and earlier versions of lEUBKwin (versions 244
and earlier). In this version of lEUBKwin (and all versions since version 1.0 (build 245), the
algorithms have been revised so that the same algorithm is used in the batch and single modes.
The current version of the model uses the polynomial function. This approach is more accurate
(error <10"8), more stable (i.e., it is not affected by the integration interval), and is more
computationally efficient (i.e., iterative calculations are not needed to achieve a low error rate).
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34
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
P(X) = 1 - Z(x](blt + b2t2 + b/ + b4t4 + b5t5}+- E (x)
In (PbBcutoff)-]n(GM)
__ 1
Ifx< 0 then P (cutoff) = 1 P(x)
Ifx> 0 then P (cutoff) = P(x)
where:
(x)< 7.510'8 (error)
p = 0.2316419
bi = 0.319381530
b2 =-0.356563782
b3 = 1.781477937
b4 =-1.82125578
b5 = 1.330274429
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35
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.0 Software Detail Design
The detailed design of the lEUBKwin model is presented in this section. For each component
and its associated modules, the inputs, processing in terms of calculations, and outputs are
presented in table form.
3.1 OVERALL DESIGN DESCRIPTION
To design the lEUBKwin model, a series of menus was created from which the user can select
screens for input of specific values appropriate to the situation that is being modeled. In general,
the inputs, processing, and outputs are similar for all the model componentsExposure, Uptake,
Biokinetic, and Probability Distribution. The inputs are values entered by the user or passed
from the previous component. The processing performed is the solving of the algorithm for the
particular component using the calculations identified in the requirements section (as determined
by scientific research). The output is the values passed to the following component, used as
input to the graphing routine, or the graph itself.
3.1.1 Local Data
The model uses local data only when the user calls up saved data as input to a graph. In addition,
some of the components contain values that are coded internally, and which are accessed during
the processing of algorithms.
3.1.2 Control
As a standalone system, internal control of the program is not a major issue. The system is
dependent on the user entering adequate, valid, and complete data; once the model runs are
initiated, the model runs as designed and tested.
3.1.3 Error Handling
The errors encountered by the lEUBKwin model are those relating to data input. When the user
enters data that is invalid in terms of range or format, the system displays error messages which
prompt the user to enter valid data. These are included in the lEUBKwin model's source code
for every data input window for each model component.
In addition, the lEUBKwin model displays a warning message in the model output when the
predicted blood lead concentration exceeds 30 |ig/dL, the calibrated and empirical validation
limit for predicted blood lead (Zaragoza, L. and Hogan, K., 1998. The Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children: Independent Validation and Verification.
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36
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
Environmental Health Perspectives 106 (supplement 6): 1555). However, empirical validation
of the model did not address situations where the predicted blood lead concentration exceeds
30 |ig/dL; therefore, such results must be interpreted with caution.
3.1.4 Data Conversion
In the lEUBKwin model, all parameters are allowed to be entered to six digits. All output values
of the float type are controlled at 3 significant digits after the decimal except for blood lead
concentration which is controlled to one significant figure after decimal point.
3.1.5 Test Structure
The testing structure for the lEUBKwin model is described in section 4.0.
3.1.6 Manual Procedures
The lEUBKwin model has a significant number of manual procedures simply because it is
designed as a Windows system. The manual procedures include using the computer's mouse to
select menus and to make selections from those menus. Once the selection has been made, the
user must use the mouse and keyboard to input the required data. For saving results to a file, or
identifying a previous results file as input to a graph, the user is prompted to enter the
appropriate filenames.
Output data from the batch mode runs are ASCII files that can be loaded into almost any
statistical analysis package or spreadsheet program that the user may want to use. The
lEUBKwin batch mode output files will require little or no editing before being imported into
other programs, unless the missing value code () is incompatible with the user's package. It is
recommended that the user apply a variety of graphical and statistical techniques in evaluating
the output of batch mode model runs.
3.2 EXPOSURE COMPONENT
The various media exposure modules are presented in the following subsections. For each
exposure module, the inputs are listed along with descriptions of the sequential functions that
occur in processing.
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37
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.2.1 Air Lead Exposure Module
Inputs (from the Air Data Window): air_absorp[0], air_absorp[l], air_absorp[2], air_absorp[3], air_absorp[4],
air_absorp[5], air_absorp[6], time_out[0], time_out[l], time_out[2], time_out[3], time_out[4], time_out[5], time_out[6],
vent_rate[0], vent_rate[l], vent_rate[2], vent_rate[3], vent_rate[4], vent_rate[5], vent_rate[6], air_concentration[0],
air_concentration[l], air_concentration[2], air_concentration[3], air_concentration[4], air_concentration[5],
air_concentration[6], indoorpercent
ClassName.Function
CAir.Check_Data_Valid()
CAir.UpdateDataQ
CAir.Air_TakeData()
CAir.Calc_INAIRO
CAir.Write_Data_File()
Description
Checks whether input data is within the acceptable range. If not, the user is prompted that
invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "Air.tmp." UpdateDataQ takes the user
input data to the application.
Opens and reads data from "Air.tmp" or "Air.inp." The file "Air.inp" stores default values for
each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Numeric values for air absorpfO], air absorpfl], air absorp[2], air absorp[3], air absorp[4],
air_absorp[5], air_absorp[6], time_out[0], time_out[l], time_out[2], time_out[3], time_out[4],
time out[5], time out[6], vent rate[0], vent ratefl], vent rate[2], vent rate[3], vent rate[4],
vent rate[5],vent rate[6], air concentrationfO], air concentration]!], air concentration[2],
air_concentration[3], air_concentration[4], air_concentration[5], and air_concentration[6] are
stored in the following arrays: air absorp [AGE], time out[ AGE], vent ratefAGE], and
air_concentration[AGE] .
Calculates rNAIR[AGE] using Equations E-l through E-3.
Writes input data to a temporary file.
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38
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.2.2 Dietary Lead Exposure Module
Inputs (from the Dietary Data Window): diet_intake[0], diet_intake[l], diet_intake[2], diet_intake[3], diet_intake[4],
diet_intake[5], diet_intake[6], YesNo_AltemativeDiet, UserFishConc, userFishFracPercent, UserFruitConc,
userFruitFracPercent, UserGameConc, userGameFracPercent, UserVegConc, userVegFracPercent, userFishFraction,
userVegFraction, userFruitFraction, userGameFraction
Class Name.Function
CDiet. Check_Data_Valid()
CDiet-UpdateDataQ
CDiet.Diet_TakeData()
CDiet.Calc_INDIETO
CDiet. Write_Data_FileO
Description
Checks whether input data is within the acceptable range. If not, the user is prompted that
invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "Diet.tmp." UpdateDataQ takes the user
input data to the application.
Percent values for userFruitFracPercent, userGameFracPercent, userFishFracPercent, and
userVegFracPercent are converted to their decimal fraction equivalent.
Opens and reads data from "Diet.tmp" or "Diet.inp." The file "Diet.inp" stores default values
for each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Numeric values for m diet intakefO], diet intakefl], diet intake[2], diet intake[3],
diet_intake[4], diet_intake[5], and diet_intake[6] are stored in the array diet_intake[AGE].
Calculates INDIETfAGE] whose value depends on the value of YesNo AltemativeDiet. If
YesNo AlternativeDiet=0, INDIET[AGE] is calculated using Equation E-4a; otherwise,
INDIET[AGE] is calculated using Equations E-4b and E-5d through E-51.
Writes input data to a temporary file.
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39
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.2.3 Water Lead Exposure Module
Inputs (from the Water Data Window): constant_water_conc, water_consumption[0], water_consumption[l],
water_consumption[2], water_consumption[3], water_consumption[4], water_consumption[5], water_consumption[6],
FirstDrawConc, HomeFlushedConc, FountainConc, FirstDrawPercent, FountainPercent, FountainFraction, FirstDrawFraction,
YesNo AltemativeWater.
Class Name.Function
C Water. Check_Data_ValidQ
CWater.UpdateDataQ
CWater.Water_TakeData()
CWater. Calc_INWATERO
CWater.Write_Data_File()
Description
Checks whether input data is within the acceptable range. If not, the user is prompted
that invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "Water.tmp." UpdateDataQ takes the
user input data to the application.
Percent values for FirstDrawPercent and FountainPercent are converted to their decimal
fraction equivalent.
Opens and reads data from "Water.tmp" or "Water.inp." The file "Water.inp" stores
default values for each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Numeric values for water_consumption[0], water_consumption[l],
water consumption[2], water consumption[3], water consumption[4],
water_consumption[5], and water_consumption[6] are stored in the array
water consumptionfAGE].
Calculates INWATER[AGE] whose value depends on the value of
YesNo_AlternativeWater. If YesNo_AltemativeWate r= 0, INWATER[AGE] is
calculated using Equation E-6a; otherwise, INWATER[AGE] is calculated using
Equations E-6b and E-7.
Writes input data to a temporary file.
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40
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.2.4 Soil/Dust Lead Exposure Module
Inputs (from the Soil/Dust Window): weight_soil, soil_indoor[0], soil_indoor[l], soil_indoor[2], soil_indoor[3],
soil_indoor[4], soil_indoor[5], soil_indoor[6], soil_content[0], soil_content[l], soil_content[2], soil_content[3],
soil_content[4], soil_content[5], soil_content[6], soil_ingested[0], soil_ingested[l], soil_ingested[2], soil_ingested[3],
soil_ingested[4], soil_ingested[5], soil_ingested[6], contrib_percent, multiply_factor, OtherConc, OtherFraction, SchoolConc,
SchoolFraction, SecHomeConc, SecHomeFraction, DaycareConc, DaycareFraction, OccupConc, OccupFraction,
AvgMultiSrc, HouseFraction, constant_soil_conc[0], constant_soil_conc[l], constant_soil_conc[2], constant_soil_conc[3],
constant_soil_conc[4], constant_soil_conc[5], constant_soil_conc[5], constant_dust_conc[0], constant_dust_conc[l],
constant_dust_conc[2], constant_dust_conc[3], constant_dust_conc[4], constant_dust_conc[5], constant_dust_conc[6],
air_concentration[0], air_concentration[l], air_concentration[2], air_concentration[3], air_concentration[4],
air_concentration[5], air_concentration[6], const_outdoor_soil, const_indoor_dust, dust_indoor[0], dust_indoor[l],
dust_indoor[2], dust_indoor[3], dust_indoor[4], dust_indoor[5], dust_indoor[6], vary_indoor, vary_outdoor
Class Name. Function
CSoil. Check_Data_Valid()
CSoiLUpdateDataQ
CSoil. Soil_TakeData()
CSoil. CalcJNSOILQ
CSoil. Write_Data_FileO
CSoil. GetExtraDataQ
CSoil. MSA_TakeData()
Description
Checks whether input data is within the acceptable range. If not, the user is prompted that
invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "Soil.tmp." UpdateDataQ takes the user
input data to the application.
Percent values for DaycareFracPercent, OccupFracPercent, OtherFracPercent,
SchoolFracPercent, SecHomeFracPercent, and HouseFracPercent are converted to their
decimal fraction equivalent.
Opens and reads data from "Soil.tmp" or "Soil.inp." The file "Soil.inp" stores default values
for each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Numeric values for soil indoorfO], soil indoorfl], soil indoor[2], soil indoor[3],
soil_indoor[4], soil_indoor[5], soil_indoor[6], soil_content[0], soil_content[l],
soil content[2], soil content[3], soil content[4], soil content[5], soil content[6],
soil ingestedfO], soil ingestedfl], soil ingested[2], soil ingested[2], soil ingested[3],
soil_ingested[4], soil_ingested[5], and soil_ingested[6] are stored in the following arrays:
soil indoorf AGE], soil contentf AGE], and soil ingestedfAGE] .
Calculates INSOIL[AGE], INDUST[AGE], and INDUSTA[AGE] whose values depend on
the values of m_altsrc, vary_indoor, vary_outdoor.
Writes input data to a temporary file.
Takes data from the air module and MSA.
Takes data from the MSA.
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41
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.2.5 Maternal Lead Exposure Module
Inputs (from the Maternal Data Window): PBBLDMAT
Class Name.Function
CMaternal. Check_Data_ValidQ
CMaternaLUpdateDataO
CMaternal. Maternal_TakeDataQ
CMaternal. Write_Data_File()
Description
Checks whether input-data is within the acceptable range. If not, the
that invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "Matemal.tmp."
takes the user input data to the application.
user is prompted
UpdateDataQ
Opens and reads data from "Matemal.tmp" or "Maternal.inp." The file "Maternal. inp"
stores default values for each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Writes input data to a temporary file.
3.2.6 Other Lead Exposure Module
Inputs (from the Alternate Source Data Window): other_intake[0], other_intake[l], other_intake[2], other_intake[3],
other_intake[4], other_intake[5], other_intake[6].
Class Name.Function
COther.Check_Data_Valid()
COther.UpdateDataO
COther.Other_TakeDataQ
COther.Write_Data_FileQ
Description
Checks whether input data is within the acceptable range. If not, the user is prompted
that invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "Other. tmp." UpdateDataQ takes
the user input data to the application.
Opens and reads data from "Other.tmp" or "Other.inp." The file "Other.inp" stores
default values for each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Numeric values for other_intake[0], other_intake[l], other_intake[2], other_intake[3],
other intake[4], other intake[5], and other intake[6] are stored in the array
other_intake|AGE].
Writes input data to a temporary file.
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42
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
3.2.7 GI/Bioavailability Module
Inputs (from the Alternate Source Data Window): ABSD Percent, ABSF Percent, ABSO Percent, ABSS Percent, ABSW
Percent, PAFs, SATINTAKE2.
Class Name.Function
CGiBio.Check_Data_Valid()
CGiBio.UpdateDataO
CGiBio.Other_TakeData()
CGiBio.Write_Data_FileQ
Description
Checks whether input data is within the acceptable range. If not, the user is prompted that
invalid data was entered and to try again.
Updates and stores data temporarily in a file called "GiBio.tmp." UpdateDataQ takes the
user input data to the application.
Opens and reads data from "GiBio.tmp" or "GiBio.inp." The file "GiBio.inp" stores
default values for each of the variables listed under Inputs.
Writes input data to a temporary file.
3.3 UPTAKE COMPONENT
The inputs to the Uptake component are listed below along with a description of the function that
occurs in the model processing.
Inputs: These variables were derived from the Exposure Component of the model: INAIR[AGE], INSOIL[AGE],
INDUST[AGE], INDUSTA[AGE], INWATER[AGE], INDIET[AGE], INOTHER[AGE], PBBLDMAT
ClassName.Function
BaseComp.Calc_UPTAKE()
Description
Calculates the values forUPAIR[MONTH], UPDIET[MONTH], UPDUST[MONTH],
UPDUSTA[MONTH], UPSOIL [MONTH], UPWATER[MONTH],
UPOTHER[MONTH], and UPTAKE[MONTH] using Equations U-la through U-lf, U-2,
U-3,U-4,andU-5.
3.4 BIOKINETIC COMPONENT
The inputs to the Biokinetic component are listed below along with a description of the function
that occurs in the model processing.
Inputs: This variable was derived from the Uptake Component of the model: UPTAKE[MONTH]
Class Name.Function
Description
BaseComp.Calc_Biokinetic()
Calculates the lead masses in each body compartments (MPLECF[2], MPLASM[2],
MRBC[2], MLIVER[2], MKIDNEY[2], MOTHER[2], MTRAB[2], and MCORT[2])
using the difference equations B-6.5a through B-6.5i and intermediate equations B-la
through B-lh, B-2a through B-2o, B-2.5, B-3, B-4a through B-4d, B-5a through B-5m, B-
6.5a through B-6.5i, B-7a through B-7i, B-8a through B-8d, B-9a through B-9i, and B-lOa
through B-lOc.
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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FORTHEIEUBKWIN
4.0 Documentation for the lEUBKwin
Several documents are required as documentation for the lEUBKwin model. The System
Requirements and Design is designed for use by programmers. By contrast, The User's Guide
will be widely used by end users of the lEUBKwin model.
The system documentation for the lEUBKwin model includes the following:
System Requirements and Design Specifications
Complete printout of the IEUBK model source code
Data Crosswalk
These documents were prepared according to the OSWER System Life Cycle Management
Guidance (April 1988) and CMMI (Level 3). The audience for these documents will be
programmers. The purpose of these documents was to demonstrate that the receding of the
IEUBK model was performed correctly and to document the receding effort to satisfy
challenges, questions, and concerns from Congress as well as PRP litigation. The system
documentation will also be an important reference for the future in the event that enhancements
to the lEUBKwin model are necessary. Changes to the lEUBKwin model may occur because of
changes in the scientific understanding that affect equations or defaults in the current model
source code (e.g., the changes to variable values that prompted the development of lEUBKwin
version 1.1). The detailed design documentation will assist future designers and programmers
with system maintenance by clearly defining the current system requirements and technical
design.
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APPENDIX A
EQUATIONS AND PARAMETERS
IN THE lEUBKwin MODEL
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The parameters and equations presented here are not a line by line documentation of
the lEUBKwin model source code. Although most of the symbols and notations are
identical to the model source code, some notations may differ but are mathematically
equivalent. The equations and parameters presented in this document have been
simplified for clarity. All the equations, with the exception of those listed below,
were taken from the Technical Support Document (TSD): Parameters and Equations
Used in the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model for Lead in
Children (v 0.99d) [December 1994]. The TSD (December 1994) is an update of the
TSD (July 1994) and was prepared and reviewed by the Technical Review Workgroup
for Metals and Asbestos (TRW).
Appendix A consists of three tables which contain the equations used in the
lEUBKwin model. Exposure equations are listed in Table A-l. Tables A-2 and A-3
contain the equations for the uptake and biokinetic components, respectively. Within
each table, similar equations or equations which combine to achieve a common
purpose are grouped together. For example, in Table A-l, the equation groups are
defined by the different environmental media.
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TABLE A-l. EQUATIONS OF THE EXPOSURE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Air Lead
Dietary Lead
NUMBER
E-l
E-2
E-3
E-4a
or
E-4b
E-4c
EQUATION
IndoorConc[AGE] = 0.01 * indoorpercent * air_concentration[AGE]
TWA[AGE] =
[time_out[AGEJ* air_concentration[AGEJ]+ [(24 - time_out[AGE]) * IndoorConc[AGE]]
24
INAIR[AGE] = TWA[AGE] * vent_rate[AGE]
INDIET[AGE] = diet_intake[AGE]
or
INDIET[AGE] = DietTotal[AGE] = InOtherDiet[AGE]+ InMeat[AGE] + InGame[AGE] + InFish[AGE] + InCanVeg[AGE] + InFrVeg[AGE]
InHomeVeg[AGE] + InCanFrait[AGE] + InFrFruit[AGE] + InHomeFrait[AGE]
InOtherDiet[AGE] = InDairy[AGE] + InJuice[AGE] + InNuts[AGE] + InBread[AGE] + InPasta[AGE] + InBeverage[AGE] + InCandy[AGE]
InSauce[AGE] + InFormula[AGE] + InInfant[AGE]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-4
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TABLE A-l. EQUATIONS OF THE EXPOSURE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Dietary Lead
(continued)
NUMBER
E-4d
E-4e
E-4f
E-4g
E-4h
E-4i
E-4J
E-4k
E-41
E-4m
E-4n
E-4o
E-4p
E-4q
E-4r
E-5a
E-5b
E-5c
EQUATION
beverage [AGE] = beverageConc * beverage_Consump[AGE]
bread[AGE] =breadConc * bread_Consump[AGE]
can_fruit[AGE] = canFruitConc * canFruit_Consump[AGE]
can_veg[AGE] = canVegConc * CanVeg_Consump[AGE]
candy [AGE] = candyConc * candy_Consump[AGE]
dairy[AGE] = dairyConc * dairy_Consump[AGE]
f_fruit[AGE] = fFraitConc * fFrait_Consump[AGE]
f_veg[AGE] =lYegConc * lYeg_Consump[AGE]
formula[AGE] = formulaConc * formula_Consump[AGE]
infant[AGE] = infantConc * infant_Consump[AGE]
juices[AGE] =juiceConc * juice_Consump[AGE]
meat[AGE] = meatConc * meat_consump[AGE] or meat_Consump[AGE]
nuts[AGE] =nutsConc * nuts_Consump[AGE]
pasta[AGE] = pastaConc * pasta_Consump[AGE]
sauce [AGE] = sauceConc * sauce_Consump[AGE]
meatFraction = 1 - userFishFraction - userGameFraction
vegFraction = 1 - userVegFraction
fruitFraction = 1 - userFruitFraction
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-5
-------
TABLE A-l. EQUATIONS OF THE EXPOSURE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Dietary Lead
(continued)
NUMBER
E-5d
E-5e
E-5f
E-5g
E-5h
E-5i
E-5J
E-5k
E-51
E-5m
E-5n
E-5o
E-5p
E-5q
E-5r
E-5s
E-5t
E-5u
E-5v
EQUATION
InMeat[AGE] = meatFraction * meat[AGE]
InCanVeg[AGE] = vegFraction/2 * can_veg[AGE]
InFrVeg[AGE] = vegFraction/2 * f_veg[AGE]
InCanFrait[AGE] = fraitFraction/2 * can_frait[AGE]
InFrFrait[AGE] = fraitFraction/2 * f_frait[AGE]
InHomeFrait[AGE] = userFraitFraction * (canFrait_Consump[AGE] + fFrait_Consump [AGE]) * UserFraitConc
InHomeVeg[AGE] = userVegFraction * (canVeg_Consump[AGE] + fVeg_Consump[AGE]) * UserVegConc
InFish[AGE] = userFishFraction * meat_consump[AGE] * UserFishConc
InGame[AGE] = userGameFraction * meat_consump[AGE] * UserGameConc
InDairy[AGE] = Dairy[AGE]
InJuice[AGE] = Juices [AGE]
InNuts[AGE] = Nuts[AGE]
InBread[AGE] = Bread[AGE]
InPasta[AGE] = Pasta[AGE]
InBeverage[AGE] = Beverage[AGE]
InCandy[AGE] = Candy[AGE]
InSauce[AGE] = Sauce[AGE]
InFormula[AGE] = Formula[AGE]
Mnfant[AGE] = Infant[AGE]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-6
-------
TABLE A-l. EQUATIONS OF THE EXPOSURE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP NUMBER EQUATION
Water Lead E-6a INWATER[AGE] = water_consumption[AGE] * constant_water_conc
or
E-6b or
INWATER[AGE] = water_consumption[AGE] * (HomeFlushedConc * HomeFlushedFraction + FirstDrawConc * FirstDrawFraction + FountainConc * FountainFraction)
E-7 HomeFlushedFraction = 1 - FirstDrawFraction - FountainFraction
Soil Lead E-8a INSOIL[AGE] = constant_soil_conc[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * weight_soil)
or or
E-8b INSOIL[AGE] =soil_content[AGE]* soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * weight_soil)
Dust Lead E-9a INDUST[AGE] = constant_dust_conc[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * (100 - weight_soil))
E-9b INDUST[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * soil_indoor[AGE] * HouseFraction
E-9c INDUSTA[AGE] = OCCUP[AGE] + SCHOOL[AGE] + DAYCARE[AGE] + SECHOME[AGE] + OTHER[AGE]
E-9d INDUST[AGE] = soil_indoor[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * (100 - weight_soil))
E-9e INDUST[AGE] = dust_indoor[AGE] * soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * (100 - weight_soil))
E-9.5 HouseFraction = 1 (OccupFraction - SchoolFraction - DaycareFraction - SecHomeFraction OtherFraction)
E-10 DustTotal[AGE] = soil_ingested[AGE] * (0.01 * (100 - weight_soil))
E-l la soil_indoor[AGE] = (contrib_percent *soil_content[AGE]) + (multiply_factor * air_concentration[AGE])
E-l Ib soil_indoor[AGE] = (contrib_percent * constant_soil_conc[AGE]) + (multiply_factor * air_concentration[AGE])
E-l Ic soil_indoor[AGE] = dust_indoor[AGE]
E-l Id soil_indoor[AGE] = constant_dust_conc[AGE]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-7
-------
TABLE A-l. EQUATIONS OF THE EXPOSURE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP NUMBER EQUATION
Dust Lead E-12a OCCUP[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * OccupFraction * OccupConc
E-12b SCHOOL[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * SchoolFraction * SchoolConc
E-12c DAYCARE[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * DaycareFraction * DaycareConc
E-12d SECHOME[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * SecHomeFraction * SecHomeConc
E-12e OTHER[AGE] = DustTotal[AGE] * OtherFraction *OtherConc
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-8
-------
TABLE A-2. EQUATIONS OF THE UPTAKE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
NUMBER
EQUATION
Absorption Coefficients, Passive Uptakes
Dust Lead (continued)
U-la
U-lb
U-lc
U-ld
U-le
Note: In calculating uptake, first, medium-specific passive uptakes are calculated using equations Ula-Ulf, then, the medium-specific
passive uptake values are updated with the inclusion of the active uptake contribution using equations Ulg-Ull.
UPDIET[MONTH]=PAFF*ABSF*AVF*INDIET[AGE]
UPWATER[MONTH]=PAFW*ABSW*AVW*INWATER[AGE]
UPDUST[MONTH]=PAFD*ABSD*AVD*INDUST[AGE]
UPDUSTA[MONTH]=PAFD*ABSD*AVD*INDUSTA[AGE]
UPSOIL[MONTH]=PAFS*ABSS*AVS*INSOIL[AGE]
Absorption Coefficients, Active Uptakes
Dust Lead (continued)
U-lg
U-lh
UPDIET [MONTH 1- UPDIET [MONTH 1 , (l ~ PAFF)* ABSF * AW * INฐIET [AฐE]
Ul DIL 1 [MON 1 II J Ul DIL I [MON I II J 1 ^ AVINTAKE [MONTH J
|_ SATUPTAKE [MONTH ] J
UTW'TEP [HONTIll UTW'TEP [HONTIll , (!-pAFW)*ABSW *AVW *INWATER[AGE]
L J L J AVINTAKE MONTH
1 i
L SATUPTAKE [MONTH ] J
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-9
-------
TABLE A-2. EQUATIONS OF THE UPTAKE MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Total Lead Uptake
NUMBER
U-li
U-lj
U-lk
U-2
U-3
U-4
U-5
EQUATION
UPDU'T[MONTHl-UPDU'T[MONTHl , (1-?)* ABSD* AVD* INDUST[AGE]
UPDUSILMONIHJ UPDUSI[MONIHJI j + AYINTAKEJMONTH]
|_ SATUPTAKE[MONTH] J
UTDUT-fMOmTll UPD^T* [MONTIll , (l ^0)* ABSD* AVD* INDUS TA[AGE]
U1DU.L4MONIIIJ UIDU.MMONIIIJI ^ AVINTAKE|MONTH]
|_ SATUPTAKE[MONTH] J
UPซOIL[MOOTHl- UPซOIL[MONTHl i (l-pAFS)*ABSS*AVS*INSOIL[AGE]
Ul uOIL|MON 1 HJ Ul uOIL[MON 1 HJ i ^ AVINTAKE[MONTHj
L + SATUPTAKE[MONTH] J
AVINTAKE = ABSD * INDUST[AGE] + ABSD * INDUSTA[AGE] + ABSS * INSOIL[AGE] + ABSF * INDIET[AGE] + ABSO *
INOTHER[AGE] + ABSW * INWATER[AGE]
r n [ WTBODY [MONTH 1 1
QATTTPTATfF ATONTTT 1 ATTTPTATfF'1 * L J
[ WTBODY [24 J J
UPAIR[MONTH] = air_absorp[AGE] * 0.01 * INAIR[AGE]
UPTAKE[MONTH] = 30 * {(UPDIET[MONTH] + UPWATER[MONTH] + UPDUST[MONTH] + UPSOIL[MONTH] + UPDUSTA[MONTH] + UPOTHER[MONTH] + UPAIR[MONTH]}
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-10
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
NUMBER
EQUATION
Compartmental Lead Transfer Times
B-la
B-lb
B-lc
B-ld
B-le
B-lf
B-lg
x r -,-.0333
f -, r -, (WTBODYlMONTHl)
TPT TTT? hVfrVMTTT TPTTTPM.ll* L J
^ WTBODY|24] )
x r ,-.0333
T -, r i f WTBODYlMONTHl 1
TPT T TVIMVYMTTH TPT T TVM.ll* L J
^ WTBODY|24] )
x r -,-.0333
r -, r I f WTBODYlMONTHl 1
TPT rVTTT IVfryMTTT TPTOTTTMj.1* L J
^ WTBODY[24j )
x r ,-.0333
r -I r -I f WTBODYlMONTHl)
TPT TfTH ATOTsITTT TPT Tf TH ">.! 1* L J
^ WTBODY|24] )
x r -,-.0333
r T r I f WTBODYlMONTHl )
TPT PrVNTF IVfryMTTT TPT POXTT7M A 1* L J
^ WTBODY[24j )
TBLFEC[MONTH] = RATFECUR * TBLUR[MONTH]
TBLOUT[MONTH] = RATOUTFEC * TBLFEC[MONTH]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-ll
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Transfer
Times (continued)
NUMBER
B-lh
B-2a
B-2b
B-2c
B-2d
B-2e
B-2f
EQUATION
r n r n r n (WTTRAB [MONTH 1 + WTCORT [MONTH 1}
TPrปTTTPT MO>TTTT PPPrปTT7PT MO>TTTT * TPT PO>TT7 MO>TTTT * l L J L a
( VOLBLOOD [MONTH J^
L I 10 J J
TPLRBC = 0. 1
TRPPPT TPT RPP* R 'XTPT PT
L (0.55 + 0.73)J
r i TBLUR [MONTH!
TPT T TT? 1 "N irYMTT T
RATBLPL
r n TBLLIV[MONTH!
TPT T TV > TrปrTTT L J
RATBLPL
TLrTL[MONTIll-CRLP'EL[MONTIll- TBLLIV[MONTH] ฑ WTLIVERfMONTH]
TLI.TLLMONTIIJ CRLI .'ELLMONTIIJ ^ TBLLIv[MONTHj , VOLBLOOD[MONTH]^
[ TBLFEC[MONTH]J [ 10 J
TT TVFFP FMOMTH 1 rPT R'PT rMO>ITTTl*TPTFFPrMO>ITTTl* lljlvtK [MUM IH J
lLI\thC[MONlHJ CkLI\EL[MONlHJ lELtbC [MON1H J /VOLBLOOD [MQNTH ]^
LI 10 JJ
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-12
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Transfer
Times (continued)
NUMBER
B-2g
B-2h
B-2i
B-2j
B-2k
B-21
B-2m
EQUATION
r -i TBLKID[MONTH!
RATBLPL
TFTDPT fMONTHl - PP FTDRT fMONTHl * TRT FTrfMONTHl * KlUJNH ^MUJN 1 HJ
imiJF4MumHj u^iiJB4MumHj iBLmqMuwmj ^VOLBLOOIjMONTH^
[I 10 JJ
r -, TBLBONE[MONTH]
TPT TP AP IVfryMTTT L J
(0.2 * RATBLPL)
TTRABPL[MONTH] = TBONEBL[MONTH]
r -, TBLBONE[MONTH]
TPT POP T IV f rVMTT T L J
(0.8* RATBLPL)
TCORTPL[MONTH] = TBONEBL[MONTH]
r n TBLOTHfMONTHl
TPT fYTTT ATONTTT L J
RATBLPL
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-13
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
NUMBER
EQUATION
Compartmental
Lead Transfer
Times (continued)
B-2n
TOTHPL[MONTH] = CROTHBI^MONTH]^
TBLOTH[MONTH]
TBLOTH[MONTH]N
TBLOUlfMONTHJ^
1-
WTOTHER[MONTH]
' VOLBLOOI^MONTHp
10
B-2o
TOTHOUT[MONTH] = CROTHBL[MONTH]* TBLOUT[MONTH]-
WTOTHER [MONTH]
' VOLBLOOD[MONTH]
10
B-2.5
TPLRBC2[STEPS] =
TPLRBC
1-
MRBC[STEPS]
(VOLRBC([MONTH] -1)/ CONRBC)
Blood to Plasma-
ECF Lead Mass
Ratio
B-3
RATBLPL = 100
Fluid Volumes and
Organ Weights
B-4a
B-4b
B-4c
B-4d
CRKIDBL[MONTH] = 0.777 + [2.35 * {1 - exp(-0.0468*[MONTH])}]
CRLIVBL[MONTH] = 1.1 + [3.5 * {1 - exp(-0.0462*[MONTH])}]
CRBONEBL[MONTH] = 6.0 + [215.0 * {1 - exp(-0.000942*[MONTH])}]
CROTHBL[MONTH] = 0.931 + [0.437 * {1 - exp(-0.00749*[MONTH])}]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-14
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Fluid Volumes and
Organ Weights
(continued)
NUMBER
B-5a
B-5b
B-5c
B-5d
B-5e
B-5f
EQUATION
r n 10.67
\7C\\ PT fWMAfrVMTTT
[ ([MONTH] -6.87H
1 I rvrv' ^
[_ ( 7.09 J_
r i 4-31
\/l"~VT PP PA TOMTIT i
V LmXJ3LJlVHJJN 111 1 r ff 1 \-i '
[ ([MONTH] -6.45)1
1 1 rt-rJ ^L J ' ^
i i cxp-, ,
[_ ( 10.0 JJ
r i 6.46
VfVT PT AQAT ATONTTT
j ([MONTH]-6.8l)l
L L 5.74 J_
21.86
{ ([MONTH] -88. is)|
L I 26-73 J J
26.47
f ([MONTH]- 129.6 i)J
1 , r-T,J ^L J 'I
i I cxp-, [
[ 25.98 J J
8.83
f ([MONTH] -65.66)1
i , r,,nj ^L j 'i
1 I cxp-, ,
i 23.62 JJ
VOLECF[MONTH] = 0.73 * VOLBLOOD[MONTH]
[~l V O-Lj-D-LjOO-OIJVlO-N 1 rd 1
J 10
WTPOTWrMONTHl 8'375 I 11.261
1 J n f ([MONTHJ-3.80)1 [ ([MONTH J- 48. 76)1
L [ 3.60 JJ L [ 20.63 JJ
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-15
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Fluid Volumes and
Organ Weights
(continued)
NUMBER
B-5g
B-5h
B-5i
B-5J
B-5k
B-51
EQUATION
WTBONE[MONTH] =0.111* WTBODY[MONTH] [MONTH] <12 months
= 0.838 + 0.02 * [MONTH] [MONTH] >12 months
WTCORT = 0.8*WTBONE[MONTH]
WTTRAB = 0.2*WTBONE[MONTH]
WTT^ TFiMF vri\/TfYNJTT-M
WTT TVT7T? I'lV/mTJT'P'l
0.050
f ([MONTH! -5.24)] f ([is
i , ) M. J /( i ) M.
1 4.24 \\ [_ (
0.261
f ([MONTH! -9.82)]
1 _l_ r-TT-n > ^L J * * 1 _l_ / t-r
{ 3.67 JJ [_
0.106
/IONTH]-65.37)|
34.11 JJ
0.584
[ ([MONTH]- 55. 6s)|
1 37.64 jJ
WTOTHER[MONTH] = WTBODY[MONTH] - WTKIDNEY[MONTH]
B-5m
WTBLOOD[MONTH]
- WTLIVER[MONTH] - WTTRAB[MONTH] - WTCORT[MONTH] - WTBLOOD[MONTH] - WTECF[MONTH]
VOLBLOOD[MONTH!
1 0% * L J
10
NOTE: The following equations (B-6a to B-61) represent the correct mathematical specification. These differential equations are translated into
difference equations employing the backward Euler solution in the series B-6.5a to B-6.51 (an algebraic rearrangement presented for ease of
interpretation). The calculations are shown in B-9a B9i.
Compartmental Lead Masses (Differential Equations)
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-16
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Differential
Equations)
(continued)
INFL
NUMBER
B-6a
B-6b
EQUATION
dMPLECF(STEPS)/dt = UPTAKE(STEPS) + INFLOW(STEPS) - OUTFLOW(STEPS)
/ x MLIVERfsTEPsl MKIDNEYfsTEPsl MOTHER(sTEPs) MTRAB(sTEPs) MCORlfsTEPsl MRBcfsTEPsl
OTilOTFP^I _i_ _i_ _i_ _i_ _i_
WVฐ1L1ฐ/- r 1+ r 1+ r 1+ r 1+ r 1 +
TLIVPL[MONTHJ TKIDPL[MONTH| TOTHPL[MONTHJ TTRABPL[MONTHJ TCORTPL[MONTHJ TRBCPL
B-6c
MPLECI[STEPs| *
B-6d
B-6e
B-6f
1 1 1 1 1 1 i
TPLUE[MONTH| TPLLI"\[MONTLJ TPLKII[MONTH| TPLOTI|MONTH| TPLTRAI|MONTH| TPLCOR|MONTH| TPLRBC2
dMRBC[STEPS] f MPLECF[STEPS] * ns^ l( ns \
dt \ TPLRBC2 }/\ ^TRBCPL)
dMLIVER[STEPS] MPLECF[STEPS] r -, [ 1 1 1
MLI\rER CTEPC * I
dt TPLLIV[MONTH] iV^"v^vL-^^j |^TLIVpL[MoNTrH] TLIVFEC[MONTH]J
dMKIDNEY[STEPSJ MPLECp[STEPS] MKIDNEY[STEPS]
dt TPLKID[MONTH] TKIDPL[MONTH]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-17
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Differential
Equations)
(continued)
NUMBER
B-6g
B-6h
B-6i
B-6.5a
B-6.5b
INFLOw[sTEPf
B-6.5c
MPLECF[STEPS]
EQUATION
dMOTHERJSTEPSl MPLECpfSTEPS] r i l~ 1 1 1
MOTHER CTEPC 1* I
dt TPLOTH [MONTH] ^^^L- -j ^TOTHPL [MONTH] TOTHOUT[MONTH]J
dMTRAB[STEPS] MPLECp[STEPS] MTRAB[STEPS]
dt TPLTRAB[MONTH] TTRABPL[MONTH]
dMCORT[sTEPs] MPLECp[sTEPs] MCORT[STEPS]
dt TPLCORT[MONTH] TCORTPL [MONTH]
MPLECF[STEPS]-(MPLECF[STEPS]-NS) r n r n r n
L J v L J ' TTPTATtTF ATOTsJTTT i TMFT O\AHQTFPQ OTTTFT OW QTFPQ
NS
n MLIVER[STEPS] MKIDNE^STEPS] MOTHER[STEPS] MTRAB[STEPS] MCORT[STEPS] MRBC[STEPS]
^\ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
'J - r n+ r n+ r n+ r n+ r n +
TLIVPL[MONTHJ TKIDPL[MONTHJ TOTHPL[MONTHJ TTRABPL|MONTH| TCORTPL[MONTHJ TRBCPL
[i i i i i ill
TPLUR[MONTH] TPLLIV[MONTH] TPLKID[MONTHJ TPLOTH[MONTHJ TPLTRAB[MONTHJ TPLCORT [MONTH] TPLRBC2J
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-18
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Differential
Equations)
(continued)
NUMBER
B-6.5d
EQUATION
MRBC[STEPS] - (MRBC[STEPS] - NS) MPLECF[STEPS] MRBC[STEPS]
NS TPLRBC2 TRBCPL
B-6.5e
MLIVER[STEPS]-(MLIVER[STEPS]-NS) MPLECF[STEPS] ^^[0^0] J 1 ,
1
NS TPLLIV[MONTH] ' "J LTLIWL[MONTHJ TLIWEC[MONTHJJ
B-6.5f
B-6.5g
MKIDNEY[STEPS] - (MKIDNEY[STEPS] - NS) MPLECF[STEPS] MKIDNEY[STEPS]
NS TPLKID[MONTH] TKIDPL[MONTH]
MOTHEPJSTEPS1-(MOTHEPJSTEPS1-NS) MPLECpfsTEPsl r 1 f 1
L J V L J / LJ ATMTTTTTP IPTTTPP 1 * _L
1
MONTH] [TOTHPL [MONTH] TOTHOUT [MONTH JJ
B-6.5h
B-6.5i
MTRAB[STEPS]-(MTRAB[STEPS]-NS) MPLECF[STEPS] MTRAB[STEPS]
NS TPLTRAB[MONTH] TTRABPL[MONTH]
MCORT[STEPS] - (MCORT[STEPS] - NS) MPLECF[STEPS] MCORT[STEPS]
NS TPLCORT[MONTH] TCORTPL[MONTH]
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-19
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
NUMBER
Tissue Lead Masses
and Blood Lead
Concentration at
Birth
B-7a
B-7b
B-7c
EQUATION
NOTE: Equations B-7b, B-7c, and B-7d represent the distribution of fetal blood lead, derived from the mother's blood lead, at birth. In this
simplified form, these equations are numerically equivalent to the following equations that more precisely represent the distribution of lead at
birth. The difference in these two sets of equations is insignificant after 2-3 iteration steps.
/ / N / y. ( TPLRBC^
PPPT nn * Ivrvr PT AQATIH I_L vrvr Dppln II*
XTC
MPTrrrfrA ^ '
Ivll LUCr 1 U 1 . / \\
( TRBCPL(O) ]
1 NS J
f \ i i \ i \\ [ f TPLRBC(o)^~|
MRRPIOI PRPJ DO * (VOT PT A'xMlO) I VOT P.RMO II* 1 04.16
[_ ^TRBCPL(0)JJ
/ s. MPLECF(O)
A TPT AQATInl v/
0.416
PBBLDO = 0.85 * PBBLDMAT
/ / \ / \\ TTPLRBC^ / s.
PPPT T-jn * fvrvr PT AQATIH i_u vrvr PPPIH 11* *n 7 TTPTHI
MPTrrrfrA V NS j
iv ii i^ncr i u i . , ,. .
f TRBCPL(O) TPLRBC 1
t NS NS J
pppr T-in * 1 \^OT PT AQ"M"ini i VrVTPPPmll* ^ '
XTO
^Tprrfn^l ^ NS ;
1V1KJ3CIU 1 . , . .
f TRBCPL(O) TPLRBC 1
t NS NS J
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-20
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Tissue Lead Masses
and Blood Lead
Concentration at
Birth (continued
SUMl[sTj
NUMBER
B-7d
B-7e
B-7f
B-7g
B-7h
B-7i
B-8a
B-8b
EQUATION
/ s. MPLECF(O)
A TPT A Ql\ Tl O 1 v '
(1.7 - HCTO)
MCORT(O) = 78.9 * PBBLDO * WTCORT(O)
MKIDNEY(O) = 10.6 * PBBLDO * WTKIDNEY(O)
MLIVER(O) = 13.0 * PBBLDO * WTLIVER(O)
MOTHER(O) = 16.0 * PBBLDO * WTOTHER(O)
MTRAB(O) = 51.2 * PBBLDO * WTTRAB(O)
A T T^io^f no i IMPLECFJSTEPS - NS] + (UPTAKE[MONTH]/STEPS) + SUMS]
[ i + (NS * SUMI) - (NS * SUNG)]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7PL[/ซ[A/CWm] TPLRBC2 TPLLIV\_MONTH\ TPLKID\_MONTH\ TPLOTH\_MONTH\ TPLTRAB\_MONTH\ TPLCORT\_MONTH\
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-21
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Solution
Algorithm)
NUMBER
B-8c
B-8d
EQUATION
r -i 1 1
SU\f ^ 1 STEPS \ +
(TRBCPL ~] r -, ( TLIVPL\MONTH] TLIVPL\MONTH] ~]
TPfPRr") * i 1 77V J jTf \\ fn\TTT * L J j- L J j_ 1
V NS ) {_ NS TLIVALL[MONTH\ )
i i
r -i ( TKIDPL \MONTH ^ ( TOTHPL MONTH \ TOTHPL MONTH \ ^
V NS j V NS TOTHALL j
I I
r n ( TTRABPL\MONTH] ^ r n ( TCORTPL\MONTH] ^
TPT TT? An\ A fD\TTTT 1 * _i_ 1 TPT fDHTl A -fD\TTTT 1 * _i_ 1
^ AS J ^ AS J
r n M?5C([STEPS1-AS') MZ/FE/?([s7EPsl- Aซ)
WT/T ฐT/7Pฐ VL J / \L J /
oL/A7 J[o_//i7 >j J , N /" F 1 \ 1 x\
1 1 1 I 1
^ -1 ' r n ' -1-
^ NS j { NS TLIVALL[MONTH\ j
MKIDNEY ([STEPS] - NS) MOTHER ([sTEPs] - NS)
( TKIDPL\MONTH ^ ( TOTHPL\MONTH\ TOTHPL MONTH\ ^
j_i _L j_i
V NS ) V J^ TOTHALL )
MTRAB ([STEPS ] - NS ) MCORT ([STEPS ] - NS )
(TTRABPL [MONTH ] "] (TCORTPL ([MONTH ]) ^
1 A^S ll) ( NS ll)
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-22
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Solution
Algorithm)
(continued)
NUMBER
B-9a
B-9b
B-9c
EQUATION
i\ i \ [ r i ( NS \\
MPPPI QTTnPQ "MQ 1 _u MPT TnPF QTTnPC 1*
r -, ^TPLRBC2j
MPPP CLTT7PCL
NS
j i
|_* TRBCPL]
ATT TAT7!?! r^TFP0! Mil i ATPT FPFl [^TFP0! 1 *
r , (TPLUV([MONTH\)J
1V1T T\/T7T? QTFPQ
i, NS
[ TLIVALL([MOA^777])J
fr i T r i ( NS ^iTl
ATKTPiMPV QTPPQ "MQ i MPT FPF QTPPQ 1*
1 I TPLKID|MONTH| J J
TifFrnMTTV CLTFPCL
NS
j _i_
[ TKIDPL[MONTH]J
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-23
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Solution
Algorithm)
(continued)
NUMBER
B-9d
B-9e
B-9f
B-9g
B-9h
EQUATION
/T 1 \ /T 1\ I NS 1
ATOTTTT7D 1 1 ^TTTP*? \ XTC 1 _i_ A TDT 17^171 1 C'TTTP'? II*
/r 1X I TPLOTmMCwm ) J
NS
i _i_
|_ TOTHALLj
f\ i \ r i ( NS ^
r n I TPLTRAB MONTH J
TVTriMPTlฃi1TFPr' 1 L -1
L J NS
TTRABPL [MONTH]
ATPfVPTf r^TPPQl Mil i ATPT FPFTlTFPll*
r -. I TPLCORT[MONTH|J
1\TPORT llTFPlI
NS
^ i
[" ' TCORTPL [MONTH]]
r -, MPLECF[STEPS]*VOLPLASM[MONTH]
1VTPT AC1VTCTFPC L J L J
VOLECF[MONTH] + VOLPLASM[MONTH]
i
TYOTTT" -1 7" 7"
lUlllALL r- -
1 1
TClTfTPT \ A/rnAfTfT \ Tr>TfTr>TTT\ AjnMTfT \
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-24
-------
TABLE A-3. EQUATIONS OF THE BIOKINETIC MODEL COMPONENT
GROUP
Compartmental
Lead Masses
(Solution
Algorithm)
(continued)
Blood Lead
Concentration
NUMBER
B-9i
B-lOa
B-lOb
B-lOc
EQUATION
TT T\7A T T \<\TT7P<\\
[_TLIVPL[MONTH] TLIVFEC[MONTH]\
NOTE: Equation B-lOa is computed by a cumulative loop
r n STFPS MRBCfSTEPSl + MPLASMfSTEPSl
PT nnn KTFPI! blhl^b L J L J
L VOLBLOOD([MONTH]-I)
NS = I/iterations per day
STEPS = 30 / NS = iterations per month
PBBLOODEND([MONTH]) = BLOOD[STEPS]/STEPS
Note: Italicized variables are not parameters in the model. These variables are only intermediate variables.
[AGE] = 0-7 years; [MONTH] = 0-84; [NS] = iteration period expressed as a fraction of one day; [STEPS] = The time step is selected by the user. It is used in the biokinetic
component of the model in combination with compartmental transfer times to calculate the distribution of lead among bodily tissues.
A-25
-------
APPENDIX B
DATA CROSSWALK FOR THE
lEUBKwin MODEL
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
-------
The following table contains parameter names and associated values or equations for the
Integrated Exposure Uptake and Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK).
Parameter names are listed alphabetically, with corresponding model components
(e.g., exposure). The parameters in italics are user inputs. These parameters are member
variables (objects) of a data window in the lEUBKwin model.
The values in the following table are shown with three figures after the decimal point. The
lEUBKwin model output is reported to three figures after the decimal except for the blood lead
concentration which is reported to one figure after the decimal point. In the lEUBKwin model,
the true precision of a calculation is determined by the least precise input value. In addition, for
some input parameters, the model will warn users if an input is entered which is not biologically
plausible or relevant (e.g., 3 million parts per million [ppm] or -1 ppm).
B-l
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Uptake
Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Probability
Distribution
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
ABSD
ABSF
ABSO
ABSS
ABSW
air_absorp[AGE]
air_concentration[AGE]
ALLOMET[15]
AVD
AW
AvgHouseDust
AvgMultiSrc
AVINTAKE[MONTH]
AWO
AVS
AVW
beverage[AGE] bevera
beverageConc
beverage_Consump[AGE]
BLOOD[STEPS]
blood[t] blood[t]
bread[AGE]
V.1.0
ABSD
ABSF
ABSO
ABSS
ABSW
air_absorp[AGE]
air_concentration[AGE] 0.1
ALLOMET[15]
AVD
AW
AvgHouseDust
AvgMultiSrc
UPPOTEN
AW
AVS
AVW
;e[AGE]
BLOOD[STEPS]
bread[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
0.300
0.500
0.000
0.300
0.500
32.000
10
0.333
1.000
1.000
150.000*
150.000
U-lg-l,U-2
1.000
1.000
1.000
E-4d
0.002109
87.993
116.487
209.677
194.982
177.061
183.333
188.710
B-10a,c
None
E-4e
V.1.0
0.300
0.500
0.000
0.300
0.500
32.000
0.100
0.333
1.000
1.000
150.000*
150.000
U-lg-l,U-2
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.491
0.650
1.170
1.088
0.988
1.023
1.053
B-10a,c
None
0.090
0.286
0.240
0.300
0.360
0.408
0.503
B-2
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Parameter Name
V.I.I
breadConc
bread_Consump[AGE]
Can_fruit[AGE]
canFruitConc
canFruit_Consump[AGE]
candy [AGE]
candyConc
Candy _Consump[AGE]
canVegConc
canVeg_Consump[AGE]
CONRBC
V.1.0
can_fruit[AGE]
candy [AGE]
CONRBC
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
0.008927
4.992
15.862
13.311
16.639
19.967
22.629
27.898
E-4f
0.023873
13.941
8.183
8.145
7.691
7.236
7.460
7.906
E-4h
0.011554
9.955
11.273
32.909
24.409
16.000
14.818
12.455
0.004003
0.668
2.274
2.563
2.662
2.771
2.626
2.356
1200.000
V.1.0
1.811
1.063
1.058
0.999
0.940
0.969
1.027
0.219
0.248
0.724
0.537
0.352
0.326
0.274
1200.000
B-3
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
constant dust conc[AGE]
constant indoor dust
constant outdoor dust
constant outdoor soil
constant soil conc[AGE]
constant_water_conc
contrib_percent
CRBONEBL[MONTH]
CRKIDBL[MONTH]
CRLIVBL[MONTH]
CROTHBL[MONTH]
Cutoff
dairy [AGE]
dairyConc
dairy _Consump[AGE]
DAYCARE[AGE]
DaycareConc
DaycareFraction
diet_intake[AGE]
DietTotal[AGE]
DOTHER[0]
dust_indoor[AGE]
V.1.0
constant dust conc[AGE]
constant indoor dust
constant outdoor dust
constant outdoor soil
constant soil conc[AGE]
constant_water_conc
contrib_percent
CRBONEBL[MONTH]
CRKIDBL[MONTH]
CRLIVBL[MONTH]
CROTHBL[MONTH]
Cutoff
dairy [AGE]
DAYCARE[AGE]
DaycareConc
DaycareFraction
diet_intake[AGE]
DietTotal[AGE]
DOTHER[0] None
dust_indoor[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
4.000
0.700
B-lh,B-4c
B-2h, B-4a
B-2e,f, B-4b
B-2n,o, B-4d
10
E-4i
0.004476
41.784
35.321
38.527
38.327
38.176
40.631
45.591
E-9c,E-12c
200.000
0.000
2.26
1.96
2.13
2.04
1.95
2.05
2.22
E-4b
200.000
V.1.0
200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
4.000
0.700
B-lh, B-4c
B-2h, B-4a
B-2e,f, B-4b
B-2n,o, B-4d
10
0.834
0.705
0.769
0.765
0.762
0.811
0.910
E-9c,E-12c
200.000
0.000
5.530
5.780
6.490
6.240
6.010
6.340
7.000
E-4b
None
200.000
B-4
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Biokinetic
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
DustTotal[AGE]
EXPR[0]
f_fruit[AGE]
fFruitConc
fFruit_Consump[AGE]
FirstDrawConc
FirstDrawFraction
formula[AGE]
formulaConc
formula_Consump[AGE]
FountainConc
FountainFraction
fruitFraction
F_veg[AGE]
V.1.0
DustTotal[AGE]
EXPR[0]
f_fruit[AGE]
FirstDrawConc
FirstDrawFraction
formula[AGE]
FountainConc
FountainFraction
fruitFraction
f_veg[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
E-9b,E-10,
E-12a-e
None
E-4J
0.004462
2.495
12.540
11.196
11.196
11.452
12.988
16.059
4.000
0.500
E-41
0.002433
45.153
22.975
0.797
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.150
E-5c
E-4k
V.1.0
E-9b,E-10,
E-12a-e
None
0.039
0.196
0.175
0.175
0.179
0.203
0.251
4.000
0.500
0.340
0.173
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.150
E-5c
0.148
0.269
0.475
0.466
0.456
0.492
0.563
B-5
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Exposure
Probability
Distribution
Probability
Distribution
Biokinetic
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure, Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure, Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
fVegConc
fVeg_Consump[AGE]
geo_mean
GSD
HCTO
HomeFlushedConc
HomeFlushedFraction
HouseFraction
INAIRfAGEJ
InBeverage[AGE]
InBread[AGE]
InCandy[AGE]
InCanFruit[AGE]
InCanVeg[AGE]
InDairy[AGE]
INDIET[AGE]
IndoorConc[AGE]
indoorpercent
V.1.0
geo_mean
GSD
HCTO
home fruit consumpfAGE]
home veg consumpfAGE]
HomeFlushedConc
HomeFlushedFraction
HouseFraction
INAIRfAGEJ
InBeverage[AGE]
InBread[AGE]
InCandy[AGE]
InCanFruit[AGE]
InCanVeg[AGE]
InDairy[AGE]
INDIET[AGE]
IndoorConc[AGE]
indoorpercent
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
0.006719
8.773
15.945
28.156
27.623
27.030
29.164
33.373
None
1.000
0.000
1.000
E-3, U-4
E-4c, E-5r
E-4c, E-5p
E-4c, E-5s
E-4b, E-5g
E-4b, E-5e
E-4c, E-5m
E-4a,b,
U-la,gU-2
E-l,E-2
30.000
V.1.0
None
1.600
0.450
38.481
69.000
63.166
61.672
61.848
67.907
80.024
56.840
106.500
155.750
157.340
158.930
172.500
199.650
1.000
0.000
1.000
E-3, U-4
E-4c, E-5o
E-4c, E-5m
E-4c, E-5p
E-4b, E-5d
E-4b, E-5b
E-4c, E-5j
E-4a,b,
U-la,gU-2
E-l,E-2
30.000
B-6
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure, Uptake
Exposure, Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic INFL
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure, Uptake
Parameter Name
V.I.I
INDUSTA[AGE]
INDUST[AGE]
infant[AGE]
infantConc
infant_Consump[AGE]
InFish[AGE]
OW[STEPS]
InFormula[AGE]
InFrFruit[AGE]
InFrVeg[AGE]
InGame[AGE]
InHomeFruit[AGE]
InHomeVeg[AGE]
InInfant[AGE]
InJuice[AGE]
InMeat[AGE]
InNuts[AGE]
INOTHER[AGE]
InOtherDietfAGE]1 InOt
InPasta[AGE]
InSauce[AGE]
INSOIL[AGE] INSOII
V.1.0
INDUSTA[AGE]
INDUST[AGE]
infant[AGE]
InHomeFish[AGE]
INFLOW[STEPS]
InFormula[AGE]
InFrFruit[AGE]
InFrVeg[AGE]
InGame[AGE]
InHomeFruit[AGE]
InHomeVeg[AGE]
Mnfant[AGE]
InJuice[AGE]
InMeat[AGE]
InNuts[AGE]
INOTHER[AGE] 0.000
ierDiet[AGE]
InPasta[AGE]
InSauce[AGE]
,[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
E-9c,
U-ld,j,U-2
E-9a,b,e
U-lc,I,U-2
E-4m
0.004047
131.767
66.905
1.634
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
E-4b, E-5k
B-6a,b,
B-6.5a,b
E-4c, E-5u
E-4b, E-5h
E-4b, E-5f
E-4b, E-51
E-4b, E-5i
E-4b, E-5j
E-4c, E-5v
E-4c, E-5n
E-4b, E-5d
E-4c, E-5o
E-4b,c
E-4c, E-5q
E-4c, E-5t
E-8a,b,
U-le,k,U-2
V.1.0
E-9c,
U-ldj,U-2
E-9a,b,e
U-lc,I,U-2
1.294
0.655
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
E-4b, E-5h
B-6a,b,
B-6.5a,b
E-4c, E-5r
E-4b, E-5e
E-4b, E-5c
E-4b, E-5i
E-4b, E-5f
E-4b, E-5g
E-4c, E-5s
E-4c, E-5k
E-4b, E-5a
E-4c, E-5i
0.000
E-4b,c
E-4c, E-5n
E-4c, E-5q
E-8a,b,
U-le,k,U-2
'Does not actually appear in Windows version source code.
B-7
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure, Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
INWATER[AGE]
juices[AGE]
juiceConc
juice_Consump[AGE]
KPLECF[0]
MCORT[0]
MCORT[STEPS]
meat[AGE]
meatConc
meat_Consump[AGE]
meat_Consump[AGE]
V.1.0
INWATER[AGE]
juices[AGE]
KPLECF[0]
MCORT[0]
MCORT[STEPS]
meat[AGE]
fish[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
E-6a,b,
U-lb,h,U-2
E-4n
0.004292
2.018
11.656
15.692
15.692
15.692
19.646
27.471
.
B-7e
B-6b,i,
B-6.5b,i,
B-7e, B-8d,
B-9e,f
E-4o
0.007822
12.500
29.605
38.111
40.930
43.750
47.368
54.558
12.500
29.605
38.111
40.930
43.750
47.368
54.558
V.1.0
E-6a,b,
U-lb,h, U-2
0.049
0.283
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.477
0.667
.
B-7e
B-6b,i,
B-6.5b,i,
B-7e, B-8d,
B-9e,f
0.226
0.630
0.811
0.871
0.931
1.008
1.161
29.551
87.477
95.700
101.570
107.441
111.948
120.961
B-8
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic MPL
Biokinetic
Biokinetic MPL
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Exposure
Biokinetic
Parameter Name
V.I.I
meat_Consump[AGE]
meatFraction
MKIDNEY[0]
MKIDNEY[STEPS]
MLIVER[0] MLIVEI
MLIVER[STEPS]
MOTHER[0]
MOTHER[STEPS]
MPLASM[0]
ASM[STEPS]
MPLECF[0]
ECF[STEPS]
MRBC[0]
MRBC[STEPS]
MTRAB[0]
MTRAB [STEPS]
multiply _factor
NBCORT
V.1.0
game[t]
meatFraction
MKIDNEY[0]
MKIDNEY[STEPS]
40] B-7g
MLIVER[STEPS]
MOTHER[0]
MOTHER[STEPS]
MPLASM[0]
MPLASM[STEPS]
MPLECF[0]
MPLECF[STEPS]
MRBC[0]
MRBC[STEPS]
MTRAB[0]
MTRAB[STEPS]
multiply _factor
NBCORT
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
12.500
29.605
38.111
40.930
43.750
47.368
54.558
E-5a
B-7f
B-6b,f,
B-6.5b,f,
B-7f, B-8d,
B-9c
B-6b,e,
B-6.5b,e,
B-7g, B-8d,
B-9b
B-7h
B-6b,g,
B-6.5b,g,
B-7h, B-8d,
B-9d
B-7d
B-7d, B-9g,
B-lOa
B-7b,d
B-6a,c-i,
B-6.5a,c-i,
B-7b,d, B-8a,
B-9a-g
B-7c
B-6b,d,
B-6.5b,d,
B-7c, B-8d,
B-9a,B-10a
B-7i
B-6b,h,
B-6.5b,h,
B-7i, B-8d,
B-9e
0.400
V.1.0
29.551
87.477
95.700
101.570
107.441
111.948
120.961
E-5a
B-7f
B-6b,f,
B-6.5b,f,
B-7f, B-8d,
B-9c
B-7g
B-6b,e,
B-6.5b,e,
B-7g, B-8d,
B-9b
B-7h
B-6b,g,
B-6.5b,g,
B-7h, B-8d,
B-9d
B-7d
B-7d, B-9g,
B-lOa
B-7b,d
B-6a,c-i,
B-6.5a,c-i,
B-7b,d, B-8a,
B-9a-g
B-7c
B-6b,d,
B-6.5b,d,
B-7c, B-8d,
B-9a,B-10a
B-7i
B-6b,h,
B-6.5b,h,
B-7i, B-8d,
B-9e
100.000
0.400
B-9
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Biokinetic
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
NBTRAB
nuts[AGE]
nutsConc
nuts_Consump[AGE]
OCCUP[AGE]
OccupConc
OccupFraction
OTHER[AGE]
OtherConc
OtherFraction
other_intake
OUTFLOW[STEPS]
PAFD
PAFF
PAFP
PAFS
PAFW
pasta[AGE]
pastaConc
V.1.0
NBTRAB
nuts[AGE]
OCCUP[AGE]
OccupConc
OccupFraction
OTHER[AGE]
OtherConc
OtherFraction
other_intake
OUTFLOW[STEPS]
PAFD
PAFF
PAFP
PAFS
PAFW
pasta[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
0.200
E-4p
0.005798
0.087
0.962
0.875
0.962
0.962
0.962
0.875
E-9c,E-12a
E-9c, E-12e
0.000
0.000
B-6a,c,
B-6.5a,c
E-4q
0.006163
V.1.0
0.200
0.0010
0.0110
0.0100
0.0110
0.0110
0.0110
0.0100
E-9c,E-12a
1200.000
0.000
E-9c,E-12e
1200.000
0.000
0.000
B-6a,c,
B-6.5a,c
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.239
0.434
0.603
0.595
0.587
0.623
0.693
B-10
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Uptake
Uptake
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
pasta_Consump[AGE]
PBBLDO
PBBLDMAT
PBBLOODEND[MONTH]
RATBLPL
RATFECUR
RATOUTFEC
RCORTO
RECSUM[STEPS] REC:
ResCoef[15]
RKIDNEYO
RLIVERO
ROTHERO
RTRABO
SATINTAKE2
SATUPTAKE[MONTH] Sy
sauce[AGE]
V.1.0
PBBLDO
PBBLDMAT
PBBLOODEND[MONTH]
RATBLPL
RATFECUR
RATOUTFEC
RCORTO
>UM[0]
ResCoef[15]
RKIDNEYO
RLIVERO
ROTHERO
RTRABO
SATINTAKE2
,TUPTAKE[MONTH]
sauce[AGE]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
10.409
18.902
26.263
25.915
25.566
27.134
30.183
B-7a,b,c,e-i
1.0
B-lOc
U-lg-l,U-3
E-4r
V.1.0
B-7a,b,c,e-i
2.500
B-lOc
100.000
0.750
0.750
78.900
None
0.100
20.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
100.000
0.750
0.750
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.600
13.000
16.000
51.200
100.000
U-lg-l,U-3
0.021
0.061
0.071
0.088
0.104
0.105
0.105
B-ll
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic SUM
Biokinetic SUM
Biokinetic SUM
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Parameter Name
V.I.I
sauceConc
Sauce_Consump[AGE]
SCHOOL[AGE]
SchoolConc
SchoolFraction
SECHOME[AGE]
SecHomeConc
SecHomeFraction
soil_content[AGE] soilj
soil_indoor[AGE]
soil_ingested[AGE]
STEPS
1[ST EPS]
2[ST EPS]
3[ST EPS]
TBLBONE
TBLFEC
TBLKID
TBLLIV
TBLOTH
TBLOUT
TBLUR
TBONEBL
TCORTPL[MONTH]
V.1.0
SCHOOL[AGE]
SchoolConc
SchoolFraction
SECHOME[AGE]
SecHomeConc
SecHomeFraction
ontent[AGE]
soil_indoor[AGE]
soil_ingested[AGE]
STEPS
SUM1 [STEPS]
SUM2[STEPS]
SUMS [STEPS]
TBLBONE[MONTH]
TBLFEC[MONTH]
TBLKID[MONTH]
TBLLIV[MONTH]
TBLOTH[MONTH]
TBLOUT[MONTH] B-lg
TBLUR[MONTH]
TBONEBL[MONTH]
TCORTPL[MONTH]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
0.010215
1.647
4.784
5.569
6.902
8.157
8.235
8.235
E-9c, E-12d
E-9c, E-12d
E-9b,d,
E-lla-d
B-lOb
B-8a,b
B-8a,c
B-8a,d
B-le,h,B-2i,k
B-lf,g,B-2e,f
B-ld,gB-2g,h
B-lb,B-2d,e
B-lc,B-2m,n
B-2n,o
B-la,f,B-2c
B-lh,B-2j,l
B-21, B-6b,i,
B-6.5b,i,
B-8c,d, B-9f
V.1.0
E-9c,E-12d
200.000
0.000
E-9c,E-12d
200.000
0.000
200.000
E-9b,d,
E-lla-d
0.085
0.135
0.135
0.135
0.100
0.090
0.085
B-lOb
B-8a,b
B-8a,c
B-8a,d
B-le,h,B-2i,k
B-lf,g,B-2e,f
B-ld,g B-2g,h
B-lb,B-2d,e
B-lc,B-2m,n
B-lg,B-2n,o
B-la,f,B-2c
B-lh, B-2j,l
B-21, B-6b,i,
B-6.5b,i,
B-8c,d, B-9f
B-12
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Parameter Name
V.I.I
time_out[AGE]
TimeSteps
TKIDPL[MONTH]
TLIVALL
TLIWEC[MONTH]
TLIWL[MONTH]
TotAltSource
TOTHALL
TOTHOUT[MONTH]
TOTHPL[MONTH]
TPLCORT[MONTH]
TPLKID[MONTH]
TPLLIV[MONTH]
TPLOTH[MONTH]
TPLRBC
TPLRBC2
V.1.0
time_out[AGE]
TimeSteps
TKIDPL[MONTH]
TLIVALL
TLIWEC[MONTH]
TLIWL[MONTH]
TotAltSource
TOTHALL[MONTH]
TOTHOUT[MONTH]
TOTHPL[MONTH]
TPLCORT[MONTH]
TPLKID[MONTH]
TPLLIV[MONTH]
TPLOTH[MONTH]
TPLRBC
TPLRBC2 [STEPS]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
B-2h, B-6b,f,
B-6.5b,f,
B-8c,d, B-9c
B-8c,d, B-9b,i
B-2e,f, B-4i, B-6e,
B-6.5e
B-2e, B-6b,e,
B-6.5b,e,
B-8c,d, B-9i
Internal verification
ofE-9.5
B-8c,d,
B-9d,h
B-2o, B-6g,
B-6.5g,B-9h
B-2n, B-6b,g,
B-6.5b,g,
B-8c,d, B-9h
B-2k, B-6c,i,
B-6.5c,i,
B-8b,c, B-9e,f
B-2g, B-6c,f,
B-6.5c,f,
B-8b,c, B-9c
B-2d, B-6c,e,
B-6.5c,e,B-8b,c,
B-9b
B-2m, B-6c,g,
B-6.5c,g,
B-8b,c, B-9d
B-2a,b, B-2.5,
B-7b,c
B-2.5,B-5,
B-6c,d,
B-6.5c,d,
B-8b,c, B-9a
V.1.0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
1/6
B-2h, B-6b,f,
B-6.5b,f,
B-8c,d, B-9c
B-8c,d, B-9b,i
B-2e,f, B-4i,
B-6e, B-6.5e
B-2e, B-6b,e,
B-6.5b,e,
B-8c,d, B-9i
Internal verification
ofE-9.5
B-8c,d,
B-9d,h
B-2o, B-6g,
B-6.5g, B-9h
B-2n, B-6b,g,
B-6.5b,g,
B-8c,d, B-9h
B-2k, B-6c,i,
B-6.5c,i,
B-8b,c, B-9e,f
B-2g, B-6c,f,
B-6.5c,f,
B-8b,c, B-9c
B-2d, B-6c,e,
B-6.5c,e, B-8b,c,
B-9b
B-2m, B-6c,g,
B-6.5c,g,
B-8b,c, B-9d
B-2a,b, B-2.5,
B-7b,c
B-2.5,B-5,
B-6c,d,
B-6.5c,d,
B-8b,c, B-9a
B-13
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Exposure
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Uptake
Biokinetic
Uptake
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Exposure
Parameter Name
V.I.I
TPLTRAB[MONTH]
TPLUR[MONTH]
TRBCPL
TTRABPL[MONTH]
TWA[AGE]
UPAIR[MONTH]
UPDIET[MONTH]
UPDUSTA[MONTH]
UPDUST[MONTH]
UPOTHER[MONTH]
UPSOIL[MONTH]
UPTAKE[MONTH]
UPWATER[MONTH]
UserFishConc
userFishFraction
UserFruitConc
userFruitFraction
UserGameConc
userGameFraction
UserVegConc
userVegFraction
vary_indoor
vary_outdoor
vegFraction
V.1.0
TPLTRAB [MONTH]
TPLUR[MONTH]
TRBCPL
TTRABPL[MONTH]
TWA[AGE]
UPAIR[MONTH]
UPDIET[MONTH]
UPDUSTA[MONTH]
UPDUST[MONTH]
UPOTHER[MONTH]
UPSOIL[MONTH]
UPTAKE[MONTH]
UPWATER[MONTH]
UserFishConc
userFishFraction
UserFruitConc
userFruitFraction
UserGameConc
userGameFraction
UserVegConc
userVegFraction
vary_indoor
vary_outdoor
vegFraction
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
B-2i, B-6c,h,
B-6.5c,h,
B-8b,c, B-9e
B-2c, B-6c,
B-6.5c,B-8b
B-2b, B-6b,d,
B-6.5b,d,
B-7b,c
B-8c,d, B-9a
B-2j,B-6b,h,
B-6.5b,h,
B-8c,d, B-9e
E-2, E-3
U-4, U-5
U-la,gU-5
U-ldj,U-5
U-lc,iU-5
U-lf,U-5
U-le,k,U-5
U-5, B-6a,
B-6.5a,B-8a
U-lb,h,U-5
E-5b
V.1.0
B-2i, B-6c,h,
B-6.5c,h,
B-8b,c, B-9e
B-2c, B-6c,
B-6.5c,B-8b
B-2b, B-6b,d,
B-6.5b,d,
B-7b,c
B-8c,d, B-9a
B-2j,B-6b,h,
B-6.5b,h,
B-8c,d, B-9e
E-2, E-3
U-4, U-5
U-la,gU-5
U-ld,j,U-5
U-lc,iU-5
U-lf,U-5
U-le,k,U-5
U-5, B-6a,
B-6.5a,B-8a
U-lb,h, U-5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
E-5b
B-14
-------
Data Crosswalk for the lEUBKwin Model
Component(s)
Exposure
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Exposure
Exposure
Biokinetic
Uptake, Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Biokinetic
Parameter Name
V.I.I
vent_rate[AGE]
VOLBLOOD[MONTH]
VOLECF[MONTH]
VOLPLASM[0]
VOLPLASM[MONTH]
VOL
VOLRBC[MONTH]
water_consumption[AGE] w
weight_soil
WTBLOOD[MONTH]
WTBODY[MONTH]
WTBONE[MONTH]
WTCORT[0]
WTCORT[MONTH]
WTECF[MONTH]
WTKIDNEY[0]
WTKIDNEY[MONTH]
WTLIVER[0]
WTLIVER[MONTH]
WTOTHER[0]
WTOTHER[MONTH]
WTTRAB[0]
WTTRAB [MONTH]
V.1.0
vent_rate[AGE]
VOLBLOOD[MONTH]
VOLECF[MONTH]
VOLPLASM[0] B-7b,c
VOLPLASM[MONTH]
VOLRBC(O)
VOLRBC[MONTH]
ater_consumption[AGE]
weight_soil
WTBLOOD[MONTH] B-5
WTBODY[MONTH]
WTBONE[MONTH]
WTCORT[0] B-7e
WTCORT[MONTH] B-lh
WTECF[MONTH]
WTKIDNEY[0]
WTKIDNEY[MONTH]
WTLIVER[0]
WTLIVER[MONTH]
WTOTHER[0] B-7h
WTOTHER[MONTH]
WTTRAB[0]
WTTRAB[MONTH]
Equation No.(s) or Default Values
V.I.I
B-lh,
B-2e,f,h,n,o,
B-5a,d,e,m,
B-lOa
B-5d, B-9g
B-5c, B-7b,c, B-9g
B-7b,c
B-2.5,B-5b
m
U-3,B-la-e,
B-5f,g,l
B-5g,h,i
B-5h,l, B-7e
B-5e,l
B-7f
B-2h, B-5j,l, B-7f
B-7g
B-2e,f, B-5k,l, B-7g
B-2n,o, B-51, B-7h
B-7i
B-lh,B-5i,l,B-7i
V.1.0
2.000
3.000
5.000
5.000
5.000
7.000
7.000
B-lh,
B-2e,f,h,n,o,
B-5a,d,e,m,
B-lOa
B-5d, B-9g
B-7b,c
B-5c, B-7b,c, B-9g
B-7b,c
B-2.5,B-5b
0.200
0.500
0.520
0.530
0.550
0.580
0.590
45.000
B-51,m
U-3,B-la-e,
B-5f,g,l
B-5g,h,i
B-7e
B-lh,B-5h,l,B-7e
B-5e,l
B-7f
B-2h,B-5j,l,B-7f
B-7g
B-2e,f, B-5k,l, B-7g
B-7h
B-2n,o, B-51, B-7h
B-7i
B-lh, B-5i,l, B-7i
B-15
-------
APPENDIX C
lEUBKwin PARAMETER DICTIONARY
-------
This page intentionally left blank
-------
DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS IN THE lEUBKwin MODEL
Parameter Name
ABSD
ABSF
ABSO
ABSS
ABSW
air absorp[AGE]
air concentration[AGE]
ALLOMET[15]
AVD
AVF
AvgHouseDust
Description
Total absorption for dust at low saturation
(maximum absorption coefficient, active)
Total absorption for food at low saturation
(maximum absorption coefficient, active)
Fraction absorption from paint ingested at
low saturation (maximum absorption
coefficient, active)
Fraction absorption from soil at low
saturation (maximum absorption coefficient,
active)
Total absorption for water at low saturation
(maximum absorption coefficient, active)
Net percentage of lung absorption of air
lead
Outdoor air lead concentration
Storage array
Fraction available for dust
Fraction available for food/diet
Average household dust concentration
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
0.300
0.500
0.000
0.300
0.500
32.000
0.100
0.333
1.000
1.000
150.000
Units
unitless
unitless
unitless
unitless
unitless
%
Ug/m3
unitless
unitless
unitless
Hg/g
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Based on U.S. EPA (1989a).
Based on U.S. EPA (1989a).
Based on the default condition that there is no source
of lead paint for ingestion in the household.
Based on U.S. EPA (1989a).
Based on U.S. EPA (1989a).
Deposition efficiencies of airborne lead particles were
estimated by U.S. EPA (1989a). A respiratory
deposition/absorption rate of 25% to 45% is reported
for young children living in non-point source areas
while a rate of 42% is calculated for those living near
point sources. An intermediate value of 32% was
chosen.
Based on the lower end of the range 0. 1-0.3 jig Pb/m3
that is reported for outdoor air lead concentration in
U.S. cities without lead point sources (U.S. EPA,
1989a).
Stores variable and constant values. The exponent,
0.333, in Equations B-lathrough B-le is stored in this
array.
Variable added for later flexibility in describing the
absorption process; has no effect in current algorithm.
Variable added for later flexibility in describing the
absorption process; has no effect in current algorithm.
Value calculated/assigned based on alternate dust lead
sources (e.g., day care, sechome, paint, school, and
workplace).
Equation
Where Used
U-2
U-la,g,
U-2
U-2
U-le,k,
U-2
U-lb,h,
U-2
U-4
E-l,
E-2,
E-lla,b
B-la-B-le
u-icAij
U-la,g
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-spec if led parameter
-------
Parameter Name
AvgMultiSrc
AVINTAKE [MONTH]
AVO
AVS
AVW
beverage[AGE]
beverageConc
beverage Consump[AGE]
BLOOD[STEPS]
Description
Multiple Source Analysis average
Available intake
Fraction available for paint
Fraction available for soil
Fraction available for water
Lead intake from beverages by age
Lead concentration in beverages
Daily consumption of beverages
Blood lead concentration
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
150.000
U-2
1.000
1.000
1.000
E-4d
0.002109
87.993
116.487
209.677
194.982
177.061
183.333
188.710
B-10a,c
Units
Hg/g
ug/day
unitless
unitless
unitless
ug/day
Hg*g
grams/day
ug/dL
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
I
I
E
E
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Based on the contribution of lead from soil, air and
alternate indoor sources (such as day care, sechome,
paint, school, and workplace).
The amount of lead that is available for intake.
Variable added for later flexibility in describing the
absorption process; has no effect in current algorithm.
Variable added for later flexibility in describing the
absorption process; has no effect in current algorithm.
Variable added for later flexibility in describing the
absorption process; has no effect in current algorithm.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Summation variable used to get the average blood lead
concentration for monthly period.
Equation
Where Used
U-lg,h,i,j,k,l,
U-2
U-lf,l
U-le,k
U-lb,h
E-5o
E-4d
E-4d
B-10a,c
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
-------
Parameter Name
bread[AGE]
breadConc
bread Consump[AGE]
can fruit[AGE]
canFruitConc
canFruit Consump[AGE]
Description
Lead intake from breads by age
Lead concentration in bread
Daily consumption of bread
Lead intake from canned fruit, when fruit is
consumed only in canned form, at age range
Lead concentration in canned fruit
Daily consumption of canned fruit
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-4e
0.008927
4.992
15.862
13.311
16.639
19.967
22.629
27.898
E-4f
0.023873
13.941
8.183
8.145
7.691
7.236
7.460
7.906
Units
ug/day
ug/kg
grams/day
ug/day
ug/kg
grams/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
lorE
I
E
E
I
E
E
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Equation
Where Used
E-5m
E-4e
E-4e
E-5d
E-4f
E-4f
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
-------
Parameter Name
can veg[AGE]
candy[AGE]
candyConc
candy Consump[AGE]
canVegConc
canVeg Consump[AGE]
Description
Lead intake from canned vegetables, when
vegetable is consumed only in canned form,
by age
Lead intake from candies by age
Lead concentration in candy
Daily consumption of candy
Lead concentration in canned vegetables
Daily consumption of canned vegetables
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-4g
E-4h
0.011554
9.955
11.273
32.909
24.409
16.000
14.818
12.455
0.004003
0.668
2.274
2.563
2.662
2.771
2.626
2.356
Units
ug/day
ug/day
Hg*g
grams/day
Hg*g
grams/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
lorE
I
I
E
E
E
E
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Equation
Where Used
E-5b
E-5p
E-4h
E-4h
E-4g
E-4g
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
-------
Parameter Name
CONRBC
constant dust conc[AGE]
constant indoor dust
constant outdoor dust
constant outdoor soil
constant soil cone [AGE]
constant water cone
contrib_percent
CRBONEBL[MONTH]
Description
Maximum lead concentration capacity of
Dust lead concentration at age range
Constant indoor dust lead concentration at
age range
Constant outdoor dust lead concentration at
age range
Constant outdoor soil lead concentration at
age range
Soil lead concentration at age range
Water lead concentration at age range
Ratio of indoor dust lead concentration to
Ratio of lead concentration (ug/kg) in bone
to blood lead concentration (ug/L) at age
range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
1200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
4.000
0.700
B-4c
Units
ug/dL
"g/g
ug/g
ug/g
ug/g
Ug/g
ug/L
Ug/g
per
ug/g
L/kg
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Based on Marcus' (1983) reanalysis of infant baboon
data from Mallon (1983). See Marcus (1985a) for
assessment of form of relationship and estimates from
data on human adults [data from deSilva, 1981a,b;
Manton and Malloy, 1983; and Manton and Cook
1984]; and infant and juvenile baboons (Mallon,
1983).
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986).
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986).
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986).
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986)
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986).
Based on analysis of data from the American Water
Works Service Co. (Marcus, 1989)
Analysis of soil and dust data from 1983 East Helena
study (U.S. EPA, 1989a). Additional information on
this variable can be obtained from the MSD short sheet
(EPA 540-F-008, OSWER 9285.7-34 [June 1998])
available on the TRW website.
Data in Barry (1981) were used. Bone lead
concentration was calculated as an arithmetic average
of the concentrations in the rib, tibia, and calvaria.
The blood lead concentrations were taken directly from
the study.
Concentrations in each of the following eight age
groups were considered: stillbirths, 0-12 days,
1-11 mos, 1-5 yrs, 6-9 yrs, 11-16 yrs, adult (men),
and adult (women). Ages 0 and 40 yrs were assumed
for stillbirths and adults, respectively.
Equation
Where Used
B-2.5
E-9a,
E-lld
-D
-D
-D
E-8a
E-6a
E-lla,b
B-lh,
B-4c
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
-------
Parameter Name
CRKIDBL[MONTH]
CRLIVBL[MONTH]
CROTHBL[MONTH]
Cutoff
Description
Ratio of lead concentration (ug/kg) in
kidney to blood lead concentration (ugL) at
age range
Ratio of lead concentration (ug/kg) in liver
to blood lead concentration (ug/L) at age
range
Ratio of lead concentration (ug/kg) in other
soft tissue to blood lead concentration
(ug/L) at age range
Blood lead level of concern
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
B-4a
B-4b
B-4d
10
Units
L/kg
L/kg
L/kg
ug/dL
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
E
Basis for Values/Equations
Data in Barry (1981) were used. Lead concentrations
in kidney (combined values for cortex and medulla)
and blood were taken directly from the study.
Concentrations in each of the following eight age
groups were considered: stillbirths, 0-12 days,
1-11 mos, 1-5 yrs, 6-9 yrs, 11-16 yrs, adult (men),
and adult (women). Ages 0 and 40 yrs were assumed
for stillbirths and adults, respectively.
Data in Barry (1981) were used. Lead concentrations
in liver and blood were taken directly from the study.
Concentrations in each of the following eight age
groups were considered: stillbirths, 0-12 days,
1-11 mos, 1-5 yrs, 6-9 yrs, 11-16 yrs, adult (men),
and adult (women). Ages 0 and 40 yrs were assumed
for stillbirths and adults, respectively.
Data in Barry (1981) were used. Lead concentration
ratio for soft tissues was calculated as a weighted
arithmetic average of concentration ratios for muscle
(53.8%), fat (24.0%), skin (9.4%), dense connective
tissue (4.4%), brain (2.7%), GI tract (2.3%), lung
(1.9%), heart (0.7%), spleen (0.3%), pancreas (0.2%),
and aorta (0.2%), where the weights applied are given
in parentheses. The weight associated with each soft
tissue component was equal to the weight of the
component (kg) divided by weight of all soft tissues
(kg). These weights were estimated from Schroeder
and Tipton (1968) and are assumed to apply in the
range 0-84 months of age.
Concentrations in each of the following eight age
groups were considered: stillbirths, 0-12 days,
1-11 mos, 1-5 yrs, 6-9 yrs, 11-16 yrs, adult (men),
and adult (women). Ages 0 and 40 yrs were assumed
for stillbirths and adults, respectively.
USEPA, 1986, 1990; CDC, 1991.
Equation
Where Used
B-2h,
B-4a
B-2e,f,
B-4b
B-2n,o,
B-4d
-D
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
-------
Parameter Name
dairy[AGE]
dairyConc
dairy Consump[AGE]
DAYCARE[AGE]
DaycareConc
DaycareFraction
diet intake [AGE]
DietTotal[AGE]
Description
Lead intake from dairy products by age
Lead concentration in dairy products
Daily consumption of dairy products
Dust lead intake from daycare
Dust lead concentration from daycare
Fraction of total dust ingested daily from
daycare dust
User-specified diet lead intake by age
Total dietary intake at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-4i
0.004476
41.784
35.321
38.527
38.327
38.176
40.631
45.591
E-12c
200.000
0.000
2.26
1.96
2.13
2.04
1.95
2.05
2.22
E-4b
Units
jig/day
Hg*g
grams/day
ug/day
Hg/g
unitless
ug/day
ug/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
lorE
I
E
E
I
E
E
E
I
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Simple combination of the total amount of dust
ingested daily, fraction of total dust ingested as
daycare dust, and dust lead concentration at daycare.
Based on the assumption that default daycare dust
concentrations are the same as default residence dust
concentrations.
Based on the default assumption that the child does not
attend daycare.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
Sum of all dietary sources; same as INDIET[AGE].
Equation
Where Used
E-5J
E-4i
E-4i
E-9c,
E-12c
E-12c
E-9.5,
E-12c
E-4a
E-4b
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
-------
Parameter Name
dust indoor[AGE]
DustTotal[AGE]
EXPR[0]
f_fruit[AGE]
fFruitConc
fFruit Consump[AGE]
f_veg[AGE]
fYegConc
Description
User-specified indoor dust concentration at
age range
Daily amount of dust ingested at age range
The available capacity of the red blood cells
to carry lead; i.e.,1 - lead concentration in
RBC at birth
Lead intake from fresh fruit, if no home-
grown fruit is consumed, by age
Lead concentration in fresh fruits
Daily consumption of fresh fruit
Lead intake from fresh vegetables, if no
home-grown vegetables are consumed, by
age
Lead concentration in fresh vegetables
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
200.000
E-10
B-7i
E-4J
0.004462
2.495
12.540
11.196
11.196
11.452
12.988
16.059
E-4k
0.006719
Units
"g/g
g/day
unitless
ug/day
Hg*g
grams/day
Ug/day
"g*g
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
lorE
E
I
I
I
E
E
I
E
Basis for Values/Equations
Under alternate dust sources model, based on
assumption that both soil and outdoor air contribute to
indoor dust lead.
Simple combination of total amount of soil and dust
ingested daily and fraction of this combined ingestion
that is dust alone.
Calculated value.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Equation
Where Used
E-llc
E-9b,
E-10,
E-12a-e
B-7i
E-5e
E-4J
E-4J
E-5c
E-4k
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
10
-------
Parameter Name
fYeg_Consump [AGE]
FirstDrawConc
FirstDrawFraction
formula[AGE]
formulaConc
formula Consump[AGE]
FountainConc
FountainFraction
Description
Daily consumption of fresh vegetables
First draw water lead concentration
Fraction of total water consumed daily as
first draw
Lead intake from baby formula by age
Lead concentration in formula
Daily consumption of formula
Fountain water lead concentration
Fraction of total water consumed daily from
water fountains
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
8.773
15.945
28.156
27.623
27.030
29.164
33.373
4.000
0.50000
E-41
0.002433
45.153
22.975
0.797
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.150
Units
grams/day
Ug/L
unitless
Ug/day
ug/kg
grams/day
ug/L
unitless
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
E
E
I
E
E
E
E
Basis for Values/Equations
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Based on analysis of data from the American Water
Works Service Co. (Marcus, 1989).
Conservative value corresponding to consumption
largely after four fours stagnation time was used (e.g.,
early morning or late afternoon).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Default assumption is that the drinking fountain has a
lead-lined reservoir, but that consumption is not
always first draw. Therefore, a value was selected
from the range of 5-25 ug/L.
A default value was based on 4-6 trips to the water
fountain at 40-50 mL per trip.
Equation
Where Used
E-4k
E-6b
E-6b,
E-7
E-5r
E-41
E-41
E-6b
E-6b,
E-7
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
11
-------
Parameter Name
fruitFraction
geo mean
GSD
HCTO
HomeFlushedConc
HomeFlushedFraction
HouseFraction
INAIR[AGE]
InBeverage[AGE]
InBread[AGE]
InCandy[AGE]
InCanFruit[AGE]
InCanVeg[AGE]
InDairy[AGE]
Description
Fraction of fruit consumption that is derived
from market basket (i.e., total fruit
consumption - user-grown)
Geometric Mean
Geometric Standard Deviation
Hematocrit at birth
Home flushed water lead concentration
Fraction of home flushed water
Fraction of dust exposure that is from
residential dust
Air lead intake at age range
Lead intake from beverages at age range
Lead intake from bread at age range
Lead intake from candy at age range
Lead intake from canned fruit at age range
Lead intake from canned vegetables at age
range
Lead intake from dairy products at age
range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-5c
-D
1.600
0.450
1.000
0.000
1.000
E-3
E-5o
E-5m
E-5p
E-5d
E-5b
E-5J
Units
unitless
ug/dL
unitless
%
ug/L
unitless
unitless
ug/day
ug/day
Ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
-D
0-84
0
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
I
E
I
E
E
E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Calculated value.
Calculated value.
U.S. EPA, 1994.
Data from Silve et al. (1987); also Spector (1956) and
Altman and Dittmer (1973).
Based on analysis of data from the American Water
Works Service Co. (Marcus, 1989).
Based on the assumption that the sum of all residential
water fractions cannot exceed 1 .
Based on the assumption that the sum of all residential
dust fractions cannot exceed 1 .
Product of average air lead concentration and
ventilation rate.
Product of total beverage consumed, and the lead
concentration in beverage(s).
Product of total bread consumed, and the lead
concentration in bread(s).
Product of total amount of candy consumed, and the
lead concentration in the candy
Product of the fraction of non-home grown fruits
consumed daily, and lead intake from canned fruits
when fruits are consumed only in canned form.
Product of the fraction of vegetables consumed daily
as non-home grown, and lead intake from canned
vegetables when vegetables are consumed only in
canned form.
Product of total amount of dairy products consumed,
and the lead concentration in the dairy products.
Equation
Where Used
E-5g,
E-5h
-D
-D
B-7b,d
E-6b
E-6b,
E-7
E-9.5,
E-9b
E-3,
U-4
E-4c,
E-5o
E-4c,
E-5m
E-4c,
E-5p
E-4b,
E-5d
E-4b,
E-5b
E-4c,
E-5J
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
12
-------
Parameter Name
InDairy[AGE]
INDIET[AGE]
IndoorConc[AGE]
indoorpercent
INDUST[AGE]
INDUSTA[AGE]
infant[AGE]
Description
Lead intake from dairy products by age
Dietary lead intake at age range
Indoor air lead concentration at age range
Ratio of indoor dust lead concentration to
corresponding outdoor concentration
Household dust lead intake at age range
Lead intake from alternate dust sources at
age range
Lead intake from infant food by age
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-5m
E-4a
or
E-4b
E-l
30.000
E-9a
or
E-9b,d
E-9c
or
E-9d
E-4m
Units
ug Pb/day
ug/day
ug/m3
%
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
lorE
E
I
I
E
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
Two options are provided.
Default option - Considers composite diet lead intake.
Alternate option - Combines lead intake from several
individual components of diet.
Algebraic expression of relationship.
Based on homes near lead point sources. The default
value is reported in OAQPS (U.S. EPA, 1989a, pp A-
1) and is estimated by Cohen and Cohen (1980).
Two options are provided.
Default option - Assumes that all dust lead exposure is
from the household.
Alternate option - Considers dust lead exposure from
several alternative sources as well.
Two options are provided.
Default option - Assumes that lead intake from
alternate sources is zero.
Alternate option - Combines lead intake from several
alternate sources.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
Equation
Where Used
E-4c
E-4a,b
U-la,g,
U-2
E-l,
E-2
E-l
E-9a,b,e
U-lc,i,
U-2
E-9c
U-ld,j,
U-2
E-5s
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
13
-------
Parameter Name
infantConc
infant Consump[AGE]
InFish[AGE]
INFLOW[STEPS]
InFormula[AGE]
InFrFruit[AGE]
InFrVeg[AGE]
InGame[AGE]
InHomeFrait[AGE]
InHomeVeg[AGE]
InInfant[AGE]
InJuice[AGE]
Description
Concentration of lead in infant food
Daily consumption of infant (baby) food
Lead intake from fish at age range
Lead input to ECF-plasma pool from organs
Lead intake from infant formula at age
range
Lead intake from non-home grown fresh
fruits at age range
Lead intake from non-home grown fresh
vegetables at age range
Lead intake from game animal meat at age
range
Lead intake from home grown fruits at age
range
Lead intake from home grown vegetables at
age range
Lead intake from infant food at age range
Lead intake from juice at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
0.004047
131.767
66.905
1.634
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
E-5h
B-6a,b
B-6.5a,b
E-5r
E-5e
E-5c
E-5i
E-5f
E-5g
E-5s
E-5k
Units
Hg*g
grams/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
Ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Product of total meat consumed daily, fraction of meat
consumed a locally caught fish, and lead concentration
in fish.
Tissue lead masses and blood lead concentration at
birth.
Product of total infant formula consumed daily, and
the lead concentration in the formula.
Product of the fraction of fruits consumed daily as
non-home grown and lead intake from fresh fruits.
Product of the fraction of vegetables consumed daily
as non-home grown and lead intake from fresh
vegetables.
Product of total meat consumed daily, fraction of meat
consumed as game animal meat, and lead
concentration in game animal meat.
Product of total amount of fruit consumed daily,
fraction of fruit consumed as home grown, and lead
concentration in home grown fruit.
Product of total amount of vegetable consumed daily,
fraction of vegetables consumed as home grown, and
lead concentration in home grown vegetables.
Product of total amount of infant food consumed daily,
and the lead concentration in the infant food.
Product of total amount of juice consumed daily, and
the lead concentration in juice.
Equation
Where Used
E-4m
E-4m
E-4b,
E-5k
B-6a,b
B-6.5a,b
E-4c,
E-5r
E-4b,
E-5e
E-4b,
E-5c
E-4b,
E-5i
E-4b,
E-5f
E-4b,
E-5g
E-4c,
E-5s
E-4c,
E-5k
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
14
-------
Parameter Name
InMeat[AGE]
InNuts[AGE]
INOTHER[AGE]
InOtherDiet[AGE]
InPasta[AGE]
InSauce[AGE]
INSOIL[AGE]
INWATER[AGE]
Description
Lead intake from non-game and non-fish
meat at age range
Lead intake from nuts at age range
Combined other sources of ingested lead,
such as paint chips, ethnic medicines, etc.,
at age range
Combined lead intake from dairy food,
juice, nuts, beverage, pasta, bread, sauce,
candy, infant and formula food at age range
Lead intake from pasta at age range
Lead intake from sauces at age range
Soil lead intake at age range
Water lead intake at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-5a
E-51
0.000
E-4c
E-5n
E-5q
E-8a,b
E-6a
or
E-6b
Units
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
Ug/day
ug/day
ug/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Product of total amount of meat consumed daily,
fraction of meat consumed as non-game and non-fish
meat, and lead concentration in non-game and non-fish
meat.
Product of total amount of nuts consumed daily, and
the lead concentration in nuts.
Assumes no other sources of ingested lead.
Sum of the amounts of lead ingested in food items not
substituted by the calculation of exposure to lead in
home grown fruits and vegetables, wild game or fish.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
Product of total amount of pasta consumed daily, and
the lead concentration in pasta.
Product of total amount of sauce consumed daily, and
the lead concentration in sauce.
Simple combination of total amount of soil and dust
ingested daily, fraction of this combined ingestion that
is soil alone, and lead concentration in soil.
Two options are provided.
Default option - Simple combination of water
consumed daily and a constant water lead
concentration.
Alternate option - Water lead concentration depends
on contribution from several individual sources of
water.
Equation
Where Used
E-4b,
E-5a
E-4c,
E-51
U-ld,f,l,
U-2
E-4b,
E-4c
E-4c,
E-5n
E-4c,
E-5q
E-8a,b
U-le,k,
U-2
E-6a,b
U-lb,h,
U-2
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
15
-------
Parameter Name
juices [AGE]
juiceConc
juice Consump[AGE]
KPLECF[0]
MCORT[STEPS]
Description
Lead intake from juices by age
Concentration of lead in juice
Daily consumption of juice
total elimination rate from ECF-plasma pool
Mass of lead in cortical bone at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-4n
0.004292
2.018
11.656
15.692
15.692
15.692
19.646
27.471
-
B-7e
and
B-9f
Units
ug/day
ug/kg
grams/day
unitless
ซ
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0
and
0-84
lorE
I
E
E
I
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
0 months - Simple combination of an assumed bone to
blood lead concentration ratio, blood lead
concentration, and weight of cortical bone. Basis for
value of bone to blood lead concentration ratio was
human autopsy data (Barry, 1981).
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a-B-6i in Table A-3).
Both cases above assume that the cortical bone to
blood lead concentration ratio is equal to the bone
(composite) to blood lead concentration ratio.
Equation
Where Used
E-5k
E-4n
E-4n
-
B-6b,i,
B-6.5b,i,
B-7e,
B-8d,
B-9e,f
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
16
-------
Parameter Name
meat[AGE]
meatConc
meat consump[AGE]
meatFraction
MKIDNEY[STEPS]
MLIVER[STEPS]
Description
Lead intake from meat if no game meat or
fish is consumed at age range
Concentration of lead in meat
Consumption of meat at age range
Fraction of meat consumption that is
derived from market basket (i.e., total meat
consumption - user-caught fish and game)
Mass of lead in kidney at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Mass of lead in liver at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-4o
0.007822
12.500
29.605
38.111
40.930
43.750
47.368
54.558
E-5a
B-7f
and
B-9c
B-7g
and
B-9b
Units
ug/day
Hg*g
g/day
unitless
ug
ug
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0
and
0-84
0
and
0-84
lorE
I
E
I
E
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Calculated value.
0 months - Simple combination of an assumed kidney
to blood lead concentration ratio, blood lead
concentration, and weight of kidney. Basis for the
value of the kidney to blood lead concentration ratio
was human autopsy data (Barry, 1981).
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a-B-6i in Table A-3).
0 months - Simple combination of an assumed liver to
blood lead concentration ratio, blood lead
concentration, and weight of the liver. Basis for the
value of the liver to blood lead concentration ratio was
human autopsy data (Barry, 1981).
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a-B-6i in Table A-3).
Equation
Where Used
E-4o,
E-5a
E-4o
E-5k,l
E-5d
B-6b,f,
B-6.5b,f,
B-7f,
B-8d,
B-9c
B-6b,e,
B-6.5b,e,
B-7g,
B-8d,
B-9b
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
17
-------
Parameter Name
MOTHER[STEPS]
MPLASM[STEPS]
MPLECF[STEPS]
MRBC[STEPS]
Description
Mass of lead in soft tissues at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Mass of lead in plasma pool at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Mass of lead in plasma-extra-cellular fluid
(plasma-ECF) at age range (solutions
algorithm)
Mass of lead in red blood cells at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
B-7h
and
B-9d
B-7d
and
B-9g
B-7b
and
B-8a
B-7c
and
B-9a
Units
Hg
Hg
"g
"g
Age
Range
(mos)
0
and
0-84
0
and
0-84
0
and
0-84
0
and
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
0 months - Simple combination of an assumed soft
tissue to blood lead concentration ratio, blood lead
concentration, and weight of the soft tissues at birth.
Basis for the value of soft tissue to blood lead
concentration ratio was human autopsy data (Barry et
al, 1981), using total lead and total weight of other
tissue.
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a-B-6i in Table A-3).
0 months - Simple combination of the mass of lead in
blood and red blood cells.
0-84 months - Based on the assumption that the lead
concentration in plasma-extracellular fluid (ECF) is
equal to the lead concentration in the plasma.
0 months - Based on two assumptions.
(1) masses of lead in plasma-ECF and red blood cells
are in kinetic quasi-equilibrium, and; (2) lead
concentration in the plasma-ECF is equal to lead
concentration in the plasma.
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a-B-6i in Table A-3).
0 months - Based on the assumption that the masses of
lead in plasma-ECF and red blood cells are in kinetic
quasi-equilibrium.
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a -B-6i in Table A-3).
Equation
Where Used
B-6b,g,
B-6.5b,g,
B-7h,
B-8d,
B-9d
B-7d,
B-9g,
B-lOa
B-6a,c-i,
B-6.5a,c-i,
B-7b,d,
B-8a,
B-9a,b,c,d,e,f,g
B-6b,d,
B-6.5b,d,
B-7c,
B-8d,
B-9a,
B-lOa
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
18
-------
Parameter Name
MTRAB[STEPS]
multiply factor
NBCORT
NBTRAB
nuts [AGE]
nutsConc
Description
Mass of lead in trabecular bone at age range
(solutions algorithm)
Ratio of in-door dust lead concentration to
air lead concentration
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Lead intake from nuts by age
Lead concentration in nuts
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
B-7i
and
B-9e
100.000
0.400
0.200
E-4p
0.005798
Units
"g
Ug/g
per
, 3
ug/m
unitless
unitless
mg/day
"g*g
Age
Range
(mos)
0
and
0-84
0-84
0
0
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
lorE
I
E
I
I
I
E
Basis for Values/Equations
0 months - Simple combination of an assumed bone to
blood lead concentration ratio, blood lead
concentration, and weight of trabecular bone. Basis
for the value of bone to blood lead concentration ratio
was human autopsy data (Barry, 1981).
0-84 months - Application of the Backward Euler
solution algorithm to the system of differential
equations (B-6a-B-6i in Table A-3).
Both cases above assume that trabecular bone to blood
lead concentration ratio is equal to bone (composite) to
blood lead concentration ratio.
Analyses of the 1983 East Helena study (in U.S. EPA,
1989a, Appendix B-8) suggest about 267 ug/g
increment of lead in dust for each ug/m3 lead in air. A
much smaller factor of 100 ug/g dust lead per ug/m3 is
assumed for non-smelter community exposure.
[Variable can exceed 100.]
Variable constant.
Variable constant.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Equation
Where Used
B-6b,h,
B-6.5b,h,
B-7i,
B-8d,
B-9e
E-lla,b
-D
-D
E-51
E-4p
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
19
-------
Parameter Name
nuts Consump[AGE]
NS
OCCUP[AGE]
OccupConc
OccupFraction
OTHER[AGE]
OtherConc
OtherFraction
other intake
OUTFLOW[STEPS]
Description
Daily consumption of nuts
Length of time interval in solution
algorithm
Dust lead intake from secondary occupation
at age range
Secondary occupation dust lead
concentration
Fraction of total dust ingested as secondary
occupation dust
Dust lead intake from other home exposure
source at age range
Lead concentration in house dust containing
lead based paint
Fraction of total dust ingested that results
from lead- based home paint
Lead intake from other media
Lead output from the ECF-plasma pool
from organs
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
0.087
0.962
0.875
0.962
0.962
0.962
0.875
1/6
E-12a
1200.000
0.000
E-12e
1200.000
0.000
0
B-6a,c
B-6.5a,c
Units
grams/day
days
Mg/day
"g/g
unitless
Mg/day
"g/g
unitless
ug/day
Mg/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
E
I
E
E
I
E
E
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
This user-selectable parameter is available mainly for
adjusting the model run time to the speed of the
computer. Newer, faster computers can run the model
at the shortest timestep (15 min) in less than one
minute. The default value, 4 hours, is based on a
tradeoff between numerical accuracy of results and
computer run-time. Except in the case of extreme
exposure scenarios, there is no difference in the
numerical accuracy at any user selectable value for
timestep.
Simple combination of amount of dust ingested,
fraction of the total dust ingested as secondary
occupational dust, and lead concentration in secondary
occupational dust.
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986).
The default condition is that there is no adult in the
residence who works at a lead-related job.
e.g., Simple combination of amount of dust ingested
daily, fraction of the total dust ingested as lead-based
home paint, and lead concentration in lead-based home
paint.
Air Quality Criteria Document for Lead (U.S. EPA,
1986).
The default is that lead paint is not actively
contributing to house dust.
User defined.
Calculated value.
Equation
Where Used
E-4p
B-6.5a,d-i,
B-7b,c,
B-8a,c,d,
B-9a-f,
B-lOb
E-9c,
E-12a
E-12a
E-9.5,
E-12a
E-9c,
E-12e
E-12e
E-9.5
E-12e
-D
B-6a,c,
B-6.5a,c
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
20
-------
Parameter Name
PAFD
PAFF
PAFP
PAFS
PAFW
pasta[AGE]
pastaConc
pasta Consump[AGE]
PBBLDO
PBBLDMAT
PBBLOODEND[MONTH
]
RATBLPL
RATFECUR
Description
Fraction of total absorption as passive
absorption for dust, diet, paint, soil, and
water at low dose
Lead intake from pasta by age
Concentration of lead in pasta
Daily consumption of lead
Lead concentration in blood
Maternal blood lead concentration at
childbirth
Lead concentration in blood at age range
Ratio of lead mass in blood to lead mass in
plasma-ECF
Ratio of endogenous fecal lead elimination
rate to urinary lead elimination rate
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
0.200
E-4q
0.006163
10.409
18.902
26.263
25.915
25.566
27.134
30.183
B-7a
1.0
B-lOc
100.000
0.750
Units
unitless
Mg/day
Hg*g
grams/day
ug/dL
ug/dL
ug/dL
unitless
unitless
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0
adult
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
I
E
E
I
E
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Based on in vitro everted rat intestine data (Aungst and
Fung, 1981), reanalyses (Marcus, 1994) of infant
baboon data (Mallon, 1983), and infant duplicate diet
study (Sherlock and Quinn, 1986).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Based on 85% of maternal blood lead concentration
(U.S. EPA, 1989a).
Based on TRW analysis of 1999-2002 NHANES data.
Simple combination of the blood lead concentrations
determined in each iteration in the solution algorithm
between the previous month and that month.
Based on the lower end of the 50-500 range for the red
cell/plasma lead concentration ratio recommended in
Diamond and O'Flaherty (1992a).
Assume child ratio is larger than the adult ratio; values
derived from a reanalysis of data from Ziegler et al.
(1978) and Rabinowitz and Wetherill (1973).
Equation
Where Used
U-la-1
E-5n
E-4q
E-4q
B-7a,b,c, e-i
B-7a
B-lOc
B-2b-d,g,i,k,m,
B-3
B-lf
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
21
-------
Parameter Name
RATOUTFEC
RCORTO
RECSUM[STEPS]
ResCoef[15]
RKIDNEYO
RLIVERO
ROTHERO
RTRABO
S ATUPTAKE [MONTH]
Description
Ratio of elimination rate via soft tissues to
endogenous fecal lead elimination rate
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to all
compartments except plasma
Stores parameter values that are used in
various equations in the biokinetic module
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Variable for tissue lead masses and blood
lead concentration at birth
Half saturation absorbable lead intake at age
range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
0.750
78.900
-D
0.100
20.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
100.000
0.750
0.750
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.600
13.000
16.000
51.200
U-3
Units
unitless
unitless
days
-
unitless
unitless
unitless
unitless
Mg/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0
0-84
0
0
0
0
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Within the range of values derived from a reanalysis
of data from Ziegler et al. (1978) and Rabinowitz and
Wetherill (1973).
Variable constant.
Calculated value
Calculated value
Variable constant.
Variable constant.
Variable constant.
Variable constant.
Assumed proportional to the weight of body. The
coefficient of proportionality is assumed to depend on
the estimate of the variable for a 24 month old and the
corresponding body weight.
Equation
Where Used
B-lg
-D
-D
B-la-g;
B-2a;
B-3
-D
-D
-D
-D
U-lg-1,
U-3
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
22
-------
Parameter Name
SATUPTAKE2
sauce [AGE]
sauceConc
sauce Consump[AGE]
SCHOOL[AGE]
SchoolConc
SchoolFraction
SECHOME[AGE]
SecHomeConc
SecHomeFraction
Description
Half saturation absorbable lead intake for a
2-year-old
Lead intake from sauces by age
Concentration of lead in tomato sauce
Daily consumption of tomato sauce
Dust lead intake from school at age range
Dust lead concentration at school
Fraction of total dust ingested daily as
school dust
Dust lead intake at secondary home at age
range
Secondary home dust lead concentration
Fraction of total dust ingested daily as
secondary home dust
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
100.000
E-4r
0.010215
1.647
4.784
5.569
6.902
8.157
8.235
8.235
E-12b
200.000
0.000
E-12d
200.000
0.000
Units
Mg/day
mg/day
Hg*g
grams/day
Mg/day
Hg/g
unitless
Mg/day
Hg/g
unitless
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
I
E
E
I
E
E
I
E
E
Basis for Values/Equations
Extrapolated from reanalysis of human infant data
(Sherlock and Quinn, 1986) and infant baboon data
(Mallon, 1983).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study. U. S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office
of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages (May 16,
2006). Available online:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-toc.html
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
Total Diet Study.
Quantity consumed based on Pennington (1983).
Simple combination of amount of dust ingested daily,
the fraction of total dust ingested daily as school dust,
and lead concentration in dust at school.
By default, this dust lead concentration is set to the
same as the residential dust lead concentration.
Based on the default assumption that children are not
in school.
Simple combination of amount of dust ingested daily,
fraction of dust ingested daily as secondary home dust,
and lead concentration in dust at the secondary home.
Based on the assumption that dust lead concentration
in a secondary home is the same as the default dust
lead concentration in the primary home.
Based on the default assumption that the child does not
spend a significant amount of time in a secondary
home.
Equation
Where Used
U-3
E-5q
E-4r
E-4r
E-9c,
E-12d
E-12b
E-9.5,
E-12b
E-9c,
E-12d
E-12d
E-9.5,
E-12d
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
23
-------
Parameter Name
soil content[AGE]
soil indoor[AGE]
soil ingested[AGE]
STEPS
SUM 1 [STEPS]
SUM2[STEPS]
SUM3 [STEPS]
TBLBONE
TBLBONE is not an array
Description
Outdoor soil lead concentration
Indoor household dust lead concentration at
age range
Soil and dust (combined) consumption at
age range
Iterations per month
Compartmental lead masses solution
algorithm
Compartmental lead masses solution
algorithm
Compartmental lead masses solution
algorithm
Lead transfer time from blood to bone at
age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
200.000
E-lla-d
0.085
0.135
0.135
0.135
0.100
0.090
0.085
B-lOb
B-8b
B-8c
B-8d
B-le
Units
"g/g
"g/g
g/day
days
-D
-D
-D
days
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
-D
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
E
E
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Upper bound value for a plausible urban background
soil lead concentration (U.S. EPA, 1989a; HUD,
1990).
Under alternate dust sources model, based on
assumption that both soil and outdoor air contribute to
indoor dust lead.
Based on values reported in OAQPS report (U.S. EPA,
1989a, pp. A-16). The values reported were estimated
for children, ages 12-48 mos, by several authors such
as Binder et al. (1986) and Clausing et al. (1987).
Sedman (1987) extrapolated these estimates to those
for children, ages 0-84 months.
Iteration interval.
For Backward Euler calculation. Intermediate
variables for Equations B-8b to B-8d.
For Backward Euler calculation. Intermediate
variables for Equations B-8b to B-8d.
For Backward Euler calculation. Intermediate
variables for Equations B-8b to B-8d.
24 months - Initialization is keyed to the 24 month old
child, based in part on information from Heard and
Chamberlain (1982) for adults, and O'Flaherty (1992).
Once the concentration ratios are fixed, the exact
value of this variable, within a wide range of possible
values, has little effect on the blood lead value.
0-84 months - Assumed proportional body surface
area. The coefficient of proportionality is assumed to
depend on an estimate of the variable for a 24 month
old and the corresponding body surface area. Also, it
is assumed that body surface area varies as 1/3 power
of the weight of body based on Mordenti (1986).
Equation
Where Used
E-8b,
E-lla
E-9b,d,
E-lla-d
E-8a,b,
E-9a,d,e,
E-10
B-lOb
B-8a,b
B-8a,c
B-8a,d
B-le,h,
B-2i,k
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
24
-------
Parameter Name
TBLFEC
TBLFEC is not an array
TBLKID
TBLKID is not an array
TBLLIV
TBLLIV is not an array
Description
Lead transfer time from blood to feces at
age range
Lead transfer time from blood to kidney at
age range
Lead transfer time from blood to liver at age
range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
B-lf
i ft
1U
and
B-ld
10
and
B-lb
Units
days
days
days
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Simple combination of an assumed ratio of urinary
lead elimination rate to endogenous fecal lead
elimination rate, and lead transfer time from blood to
urine (See RATFECUR).
The ratio of elimination rates was estimated for adults
using Chamberlain et al. (1978) and Chamberlain
(1985) and is assumed to apply to ages 0-84 months.
24 months - Initialization is keyed to the 24 month old
child, based in part on information from Heard and
Chamberlain (1982) for adults, and O'Flaherty (1992).
Once the concentration ratios are fixed, the exact
value of this variable, within a wide range of possible
values, has little effect on the blood lead value.
0-84 months - Assumed proportional body surface
area. The coefficient of proportionality is assumed to
depend on an estimate of the variable for a 24 month
old and the corresponding body surface area. Also, it
is assumed that body surface area varies as 1/3 power
of the weight of body based on Mordenti (1986).
24 months - Initialization is keyed to the 24 month old
child, based in part on information from Heard and
Chamberlain (1982) for adults, and O'Flaherty (1992).
Once the concentration ratios are fixed, the exact
value of this variable, within a wide range of possible
values, has little effect on the blood lead value.
0-84 months - Assumed proportional body surface
area. The coefficient of proportionality is assumed to
depend on an estimate of the variable for a 24 month
old and the corresponding body surface area. Also, it
is assumed that body surface area varies as 1/3 power
of the weight of body based on Mordenti (1986).
Equation
Where Used
B-lf,g,
B-2e,f
B-ld,g,
B-2g,h
B-lb,
B-2d,e
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
25
-------
Parameter Name
TBLOTH
TBLOTH is not an array
TBLOUT
TBLOUT is not an array
Description
Lead transfer time from blood to other soft
tissue at age range
Lead transfer time from blood to
elimination pool via soft tissue at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
10
and
B-lc
B-la
U Ifc
Units
days
days
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
24 months - Initialization is keyed to the 24 month old
child, based in part on information from Heard and
Chamberlain (1982) for adults, and O'Flaherty (1992).
Once the concentration ratios are fixed, the exact
value of this variable, within a wide range of possible
values, has little effect on the blood lead value.
0-84 months - Assumed proportional body surface
area. The coefficient of proportionality is assumed to
depend on an estimate of the variable for a 24 month
old and the corresponding body surface area. Also, it
is assumed that body surface area varies as 1/3 power
of the weight of body based on Mordenti (1986).
Simple combination of an assumed ratio of
elimination rate via soft tissues to endogenous fecal
lead elimination rate, times the lead transfer time from
blood to feces (See RATOUTFEC).
Equation
Where Used
B-lc
B-2m,n
B-lg,
B-2n,o
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
26
-------
Parameter Name
TBLUR
TBLUR is not an array
TBONEBL
TBONEBL is not an array
TCORTPL[MONTH]
Description
Lead transfer time from blood to urine at
age range
Lead transfer time from bone to blood at
age range
Lead transfer time from cortical bone to
plasma-ECF at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
20
and
B-la
B-lh
B-21
Units
days
days
days
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
24 months - Assumed proportional to body surface
area. The coefficient of proportionality is assumed to
depend on an adult estimate for the variable and the
corresponding body surface area. The adult estimate
of 39 days was obtained using Araki et al. (1986a,
1986b, 1987), Assenato et al. (1986), Campbell etal.
(1981), Carton etal. (1987), Chamberlain etal. (1978),
Folashade etal. (1991), Heard and Chamberlain
(1982), He et al. (1988), Kawaii et al. (1983), Kehoe
(1961), Koster et al. (1989), Manton and Malloy
(1983), Rabinowitz and Wetherill (1973), Rabinowitz
et al. (1976), and Yokoyama et al. (1985).
0-84 months - Assumed proportional body surface
area. The coefficient of proportionality is assumed to
depend on an estimate of the variable for a 24 month
old and the corresponding body surface area.
Both cases above assume that (a) body surface area
varies as 1/3 power of weight of body based on
Mordenti (1986) and (b) respectively, 70 kg and
12.3 kg are standard adult and 24-month-old body
weights based on Spector (1956).
Since glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is proportional
to body surface area for ages > 24-month based on
Weil (1955), surface area scaling is equivalent to
scaling by GFR for ages >24 months.
Based on the assumption that masses of lead in bone
and blood are in kinetic quasi-equilibrium.
Based on the assumption that the cortical and
trabecular bone pools have similar lead kinetics for
children younger than 84 months.
Equation
Where Used
B-la,f,
B-2c
B-lh,
B-2j,l
B-21,
B-6b,i,
B-6.5b,i,
B-8c,d,
B-9f
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
27
-------
Parameter Name
time_out[AGE]
TKIDPL[MONTH]
TLIVALL
TLIVFEC[MONTH]
TLIVPL[MONTH]
TotAltSource
TOTHALL
TOTHOUT[MONTH]
Description
Time spent outdoors by age
Lead transfer time from kidney to plasma-
ECF at age range
Lead transfer time from liver to all tissues
for SUM2
Lead transfer time from liver to feces at age
range
Lead transfer time from liver to plasma-
ECF at age range
Fractional percent due to all secondary
sources
Lead transfer time from other soft tissues to
all tissues for SUM2
Lead transfer time from soft tissues to
elimination pool at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
B-2h
B-9i
B-2e
B-2f
None
B-9h
B-2o
Units
Hr/day
days
days
days
days
%
days
days
Age
Range
(mos)
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
-D
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Values are reported in the OAQPS staff report (U.S.
EPA, 1989a, p. A-2) and the IEUBK Technical
Support Document (U.S. EPA, 1990a). The values
have been derived from a literature review (Pope,
1985).
Based on the assumption that the lead transfer time
from kidney to blood is equal to the lead transfer time
from kidney to plasma-ECF.
Average transition time from liver to all tissues from
SUM2.
Based on the assumption that the masses of lead in
liver and blood are in kinetic quasi-equilibrium.
Based on the assumption that the lead transfer time
from liver to blood is equal to the lead transfer time
from liver to plasma-ECF.
Total fractional percent due to all secondary sources.
Average transition time from other soft tissues to all
tissues from SUM2.
Based on the assumption that the masses of lead in soft
tissues and blood are in kinetic quasi-equilibrium.
Equation
Where Used
E-2
B-2h,
B-6b,f,
B-6.5b,f,
B-8c,d,
B-9c
B-8c,d,
B-9b,i
B-2e,f,
B-4i,
B-6e,
B-6.5e
B-2e,
B-6b,e,
B-6.5b,e,
B-8c,d,
B-9i
B8c,d
B-9d,h
B-8c,d,
B-9d,h
B-2o,
B-6g,
B-6.5g,
B-8c,d,
B-9h
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
28
-------
Parameter Name
TOTHPL[MONTH]
TPLCORT[MONTH]
TPLKID[MONTH]
TPLLIV[MONTH]
TPLOTH[MONTH]
TPLRBC
Description
Lead transfer time from soft tissues to
plasma-ECF at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to
cortical bone at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to
kidney at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to
liver at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to soft
tissues at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to red
blood cells for SUM2
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
B-2n
B-2k
B-2g
B-2d
B-2m
0.100
Units
days
days
days
days
days
days
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Based on the assumption that the lead transfer time
from soft tissues to blood is equal to the lead transfer
time from soft tissues to plasma-ECF.
Based on the following assumptions:
The rate at which lead leaves the plasma-ECF to reach
the bone is proportional to the rate at which lead leaves
the blood to reach the same pool.
The cortical and trabecular bone pools have similar
lead kinetics for children younger than 84 months.
The cortical bone is 80% of the weight of bone based
on Leggett et al. (1982).
Based on the assumption that the rate at which lead
leaves the plasma-ECF to reach the kidney is
proportional to the rate at which lead leaves the blood
to reach the same pool.
Based on the assumption that the rate at which lead
leaves the plasma-ECF to reach the liver is
proportional to the rate at which lead leaves the blood
to reach the same pool.
Based on the assumption that the rate at which lead
leaves the plasma-ECF to reach the soft tissues is
proportional to the rate which lead leaves the blood to
reach the same pool.
Initialization value of 0. 1 was assigned as plausible
nominal value reflecting best professional judgement
on appropriate time scale for composite process of
transfer of lead through the red blood cell membrane to
lead binding components.
Equation
Where Used
B-2n,
B-6b,g,
B-6.5b,g,
B-8c,d,
B-9h
B-2k,
B-6c,i,
B-6.5c,i,
B-8b,c,
B-9e,f
B-2g,
B-6c,f,
B-6.5c,f,
B-8b,c,
B-9c
B-2d,
B-6c,e,
B-6.5c,e,
B-8b,
B-9b
B-2m,
B-6c,g,
B-6.5c,g,
B-8b,c,
B-9d
B-2a,b,
B-2.5,
B-7b,c
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
29
-------
Parameter Name
TPLRBC2
TPLTRAB[MONTH]
TPLUR[MONTH]
TRBCPL
TTRABPL[MONTH]
TWA[AGE]
UPAIR[MONTH]
Description
Lead transfer time from plasma- ECF to red
blood cells constrained by the maximum
capacity of red blood cell lead concentration
at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma- ECF to
trabecular bone at age range
Lead transfer time from plasma-ECF to
urine at age range
Lead transfer time from red blood cells to
plasma-ECF
Lead transfer time from trabecular bone to
plasma-ECF fluid at age range
Time weighted average air lead
concentration at age range
Air lead uptake at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
B-2.5
B-2i
B-2c
B-2b
B-2J
E-2
U-4
Units
days
days
days
days
days
ug/m3
Mg/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
Simple combination of the lead transfer time from
plasma-ECF to red blood cells, and the ratio of red
blood cell lead concentration to the corresponding
maximum concentration. Based on Marcus (1985a)
and reanalysis of infant baboon data.
Based on the following assumptions:
The rate at which lead leaves the plasma-ECF to reach
the bone is proportional to the rate at which lead leaves
the blood to reach the same pool.
The cortical and trabecular bone pools have similar
lead kinetics.
The trabecular bone is 20% of the weight of bone
based on Leggett et al. (1982).
Based on the assumption that the rate at which lead
leaves the plasma-extra-cellular fluid to reach the urine
pool is proportional to the rate at which lead leaves the
blood to reach the same pool.
Based on the assumption that the transfer time out of
red blood cells is similar at all ages, since mean red
cell value is similar.
Based on the assumption that the cortical and
trabecular bone pools have similar lead kinetics for
children younger than 84 months.
Simple combination of outdoor and indoor air lead
concentrations and the number of hours spent
outdoors.
Simple combination of media-specific lead intake and
the corresponding net absorption coefficient.
Equation
Where Used
B-2.5,
B-6c,d,
B-6.5c,d,
B-8b,c,
B-9a
B-2i,
B-6c,h,
B-6.5c,h,
B-8b,c,
B-9e
B-2c,
B-6c,
B-6.5c,
B-8b
B-2b,
B-6b,d,
B-6.5b,d,
B-7b,c,
B-8c,d,
B-9a
B-2J,
B-6b,h,
B-6.5b,h,
B-8c,d,
B-9e
E-2,
E-3
U-4,
U-5
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
30
-------
Parameter Name
UPDIET[MONTH]
UPDUSTA[MONTH]
UPDUST[MONTH]
UPSOIL[MONTH]
UPTAKE[MONTH]
UPWATER[MONTH]
UserFishConc
userFishFraction
UserFruitConc
userFruitFraction
UserGameConc
userGameFraction
UserVegConc
userVegFraction
vary indoor
vary outdoor
Description
Diet lead uptake at age range
Lead uptake rate from alternate sources at
age range
Dust lead uptake at age range
Soil lead uptake at age range
Total lead uptake at age range
Water lead uptake at age range
Lead concentration in fish
Fraction of total meat consumed as fish
Lead concentration in home grown fruits
Fraction of total fruits consumed as home
grown fruits
Lead concentration in game animal meat
Fraction of total meat consumed as game
animal meat excluding fish
Lead concentration in home grown
vegetables
Fraction of total vegetables consumed as
home grown vegetables
Indoor soil lead concentration
Outdoor soil lead concentration
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
U-la
U-lf
U-lc
U-le
U-5
U-lb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-D
-D
Units
Mg/day
Mg/day
Mg/day
Mg/day
ug/mo
Mg/day
"g/g
unitless
Hg/g
unitless
Hg/g
unitless
Hg/g
unitless
Hg/g
"g/g
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
I
I
I
I
I
I
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Basis for Values/Equations
Simple combination of media-specific lead intake and
the corresponding net absorption coefficient.
Simple combination of media-specific lead intake and
the corresponding net absorption coefficient.
Simple combination of media-specific lead intake and
the corresponding net absorption coefficient.
Simple combination of media-specific lead intake and
the corresponding net absorption coefficient.
Simple combination of the media-specific daily lead
uptake rates, translated to a monthly rate.
Simple combination of media-specific lead intake and
the corresponding net absorption coefficient.
Based on the assumption that locally caught fish are
consumed jig Pb/g fish as prepared.
Based on the assumption that locally caught fish are
consumed.
Based on the assumption that home grown fruits are
consumed ug Pb/g fruit as prepared.
Based on the assumption that home grown fruits are
consumed.
Based on the assumption that game meat is consumed
ug Pb/g game as prepared.
Based on the assumption that game meat is consumed.
Based on the assumption that home grown vegetables
are consumed jig Pb/g vegetables as prepared.
Based on the assumption that home grown vegetables
are consumed.
User specified.
User specified.
Equation
Where Used
U-la,g,
U-5
U-ldj,
U-5
U-lc,i,
U-5
U-le,k,
U-5
B-6a,
B-6.5a,
B-8a,
U-5
U-lb,h,
U-5
E-5h
E-5a,h
E-5f
E-5d,e,f
E-5i
E-5a,i
E-5g
E-5b,c,g
-D
-D
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
31
-------
Parameter Name
vegFraction
vent_rate[AGE]
VOLBLOOD[MONTH]
VOLECF[MONTH]
VOLPLASM[MONTH]
VOLRBC[MONTH]
water consumption[AGE]
Description
Fraction of vegetable consumption that is
derived from market basket (i.e., total
vegetable consumption - user-grown)
Ventilation rate at age range
Volume of blood at age range
Volume of extra-cellular fluid (ECF) at age
range
Volume of plasma at age range
Volume of red blood cells at age range
Daily amount of water consumed at age
range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
E-5b
2.000
3.000
5.000
5.000
5.000
7.000
7.000
B-5a
B-5d
B-5c
B-5b
0.200
0.500
0.520
0.530
0.550
0.580
0.590
Units
unitless
M3/day
dL
dL
dL
dL
L/day
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-11
12-23
24-35
36-47
48-59
60-71
72-84
lorE
E
E
I
I
I
I
E
Basis for Values/Equations
Calculated value.
Values are reported in the OAQPS report (U.S. EPA,
1989a, pp. A-3) and the IEUBK Technical Support
Document (U.S. EPA 1990a). These estimates are
based on body size in combination with smoothed data
from Phalen et al. (1985).
Statistical fitting of data from Silve et al. (1987),
Spector (1956). and Altman and Dittmer (1973)
The volume of extracellular fluid that exchanges
rapidly with plasma is estimated to be 73% of the
blood volume based on Rabinowitz (1976). This
additional volume of distribution is assumed to be the
volume of the extra-cellular fluid pool, which is the
difference between the volume of the distribution and
the blood volume.
Statistical fit to
VOLBLOOD(MONTH) - VOLRBC(MONTH)
Statistical fit to hematocrit x blood volume.
Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1989b).
Equation
Where Used
E-5e,
E-5f
E-3
B-lh,
B-2e,f,h,n,o,
B-5a,d,e, m,
B-lOa
B-5d,
B-9g
B-5c,
B-7b,c,
B-9g
B-2.5,
B-5b
E-6a,b
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
32
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Parameter Name
weight soil
WTBLOOD[MONTH]
WTBODY[MONTH]
WTBONE[MONTH]
WTCORT[MONTH]
WTECF[MONTH]
WTKIDNEY[MONTH]
WTLIVER[MONTH]
WTOTHER[MONTH]
WTTRAB[MONTH]
Description
Percentage of total soil and dust ingestion
that is soil
Weight of blood at age range
Weight of body at age range
Weight of bone at age range
Weight of cortical bone at age range
Weight of extra-cellular fluid (ECF) in lead
volume distribution at age range
Weight of kidney at age range
Weight of liver at age range
Weight of other tissues at age range
Weight of trabecular bone at age range
Default
Value or
Equation
Number
45.000
B-5m
B-5f
B-5g
B-5h
B-5e
B-5J
B-5k
B-51
B-5i
Units
%
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Age
Range
(mos)
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
0-84
lorE
E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Basis for Values/Equations
IEUBK Guidance Manual, Section 2.3 (U.S. EPA,
1994).
Based on a blood density of 1.056 kg/L (Spector
1956).
Statistical fitting of data from Silve et al. (1987); also
Spector (1956) and Altaian and Dittmer (1973). Also,
body weight of 24 month old is assumed to be 12.3 kg
(Spector 1956).
WTBONE[MONTH] =0.111 * WTBODY[MONTH]
[MONTH] <12 months
= 0.838 + 0.02 * [MONTH]
Assumed to be 80% of the weight of the bone based on
Leggettefa/. (1982).
Based on an assumed ECF density approximately the
same as water, of 1.0 kg/L.
Statistical fitting of data from Silve et al. (1987); also
Spector (1956) and Altaian and Dittmer (1973). Also,
body weight of 24 month old is assumed to be 12.3 kg
(Spector, 1956).
Statistical fitting of data from Silve et al. (1987); also
Spector (1956) and Altaian and Dittmer (1973). Also,
body weight of 24 month old is assumed to be 12.3 kg
(Spector, 1956).
Simple combination of the weight of body and the
weights of kidney, liver, bone, blood, and extra-
cellular fluid.
Assumed to be 20% of the weight of the bone based on
Leggett et al. (1982).
Equation
Where Used
E-8a,b,
E-9a,d,e,
E-10
B-51,m
B-la-e,
B-5f,g,l,
U-3
B-5g-i
B-lh,
B-5h,l,
B-7e
B-5e,l
B-2h,
B-5j,l,
B-7f
B-2e,f,
B-5k,l,
B-7g
B-2n,o,
B-51,
B-7h
B-lh,l,
B-7i
Note: I = internal model parameter; E = external, user-specified parameter
33
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