United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Fish and Shellfish Program
NEWSLETTER
August 2016
EPA 823-N-16-003
In This Issue
Recent Advisory News 1
Other Advisory News 3
EPANews 4
Other News 5
Recent Publications 6
Upcoming Meetings
and Conferences.... ....8
This newsletter provides information
only. This newsletter does not
impose legally binding requirements
on the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), states, tribes, other
regulatory authorities, orthe
regulated community. The Office of
Science and Technology, Office of
Water, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency has approved this newsletter
for publication. Mention of trade
names, products, or services does
not convey and should not be
interpreted as conveying official EPA
approval, endorsement, or
recommendation for use.
https://www.epa.gov/fish-tech
This edition of the Fish and Shellfish Program Newsletter generally focuses on
perfluorinated compounds (PFCs).
Recent Advisory News
Delaware Fish Consumption Advisories
In June 2016, Delaware issued a comprehensive update to fish consumption
advisories in the northern part of the state. Learn more:
http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/Fisheries/Pages/Advisories.aspx.
Waterbody
^hdllnnt Crook
Tidal Brandywine
River
Non-tidal
Brandywine River
Tidal Christina River
Non-tidal Christina
River
Tidal White Clay
Creek
Non-tidal White
Clay Creek
Red Clay Creek
Little Mill Creek
Species
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
All finfish
Contaminant of
Concern
A, E, 6
A, E, 6, H
A, B,E
A, B, E
A
A, B, E, F, 6
E
A, E, F, 6
A,E
A, B, E, F
A, E, 6, H
Geographical Extent
Governor Printz Blvd to
Delaware River
Upstream of Governor
Printz Blvd
River Mouth to Baynard Blvd
Baynard Blvd to DE/PA Line
1-95 at Peterson Wildlife
Refuge upstream to
Smalleys Dam (includes
Nonesuch Creek)
Mouth upstream to
1-95 at Peterson
Wildlife Refuge
Smalley's Dam to DE/MD
Line
River Mouth to
Route 4
Route 4 to DE/PA Line
Creek Mouth to DE/PA Line
Creek Mouth to Kirkwood
Highway
Meals/Year
(8-Ounce Serving)
1
2
2
6
12
1
12
1
12
3
1
Contaminants of concern: A) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), B) dioxins and furans, E) dieldrin,
F) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), G) chlordane, H) heptachlor epoxide
For more information on the specific contaminant(s) of concern for each waterbody listed, consult the Delaware
Division of Fish & Wildlife's website (www.fw.delaware.gov) or contact DNREC at (302) 739-9902, or the Division of
Public Health at (302) 744-4546.
Source: http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/Fisheries/Documents/2Oi6-Delaware-Fish-
Consumption-Advisorv-Table.pdf.
This newsletter provides a monthly summary of news aboutfish and shellfish
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER
August 2016
-\T: Michigan Fish Guidelines
On July 22, 2016, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) announced the
release of the 2016 regional Eat Safe Fish Guides. These guides help residents plan their fish meals to
ensure they are minimizing exposure to chemicals that can build up in fish, while still getting all of the health
benefits that eating fish provides. The table below is specific to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) guidelines. Other
fish may also contain PFOS, but in these cases another contaminant level exceeds the amount of PFOS and sets the
guidelines. For a full list of the fish consumption guidelines, including chemicals in addition to PFOS, access the
link provided below.
Region
Northeast
Southwest
Southeast
County
losco
Berrien
Kent
Saginaw
Waterbody
Allen Lake
Au Sable River (downstream of Foote
Dam; includes Van Etten Creek)
Clark's Marsh
St. Joseph River (downstream of the
Berrien Springs Dam)
Rogue River (upstream of Rockford Dam)
Flint River (downstream of Mott Dam)
Type of Fish
All Other Species (other than Bluegill,
Largemouth/Smallmouth Bass, and
Sunfish)
Carp
Largemouth Bass
Rock Bass1
Smallmouth Bass
Suckers
All Other Species (other than Brown
Trout, Chinook Salmon, Coho
Salmon, Rainbow Trout, Steelhead,
or Walleye)
Bluegill
Sunfish
All Other Species (other than Bluegill
and Sunfish)
Rock Bass
Suckers1
Bluegill
Largemouth Bass2
Smallmouth Bass2
Sunfish
Largemouth Bass
Smallmouth Bass
Bluegill
Largemouth Bass2
Smallmouth Bass2
Sunfish
Largemouth Bass
Smallmouth Bass
Rock Bass
Size of Fish
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Under 18"
Under 18"
Any
Any
Any
Any
Under 18"
Under 18"
Any
Any
Any
Any
Michigan (Ml)
Servings Per Month"
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
Do not eat**
1
4
4
2
2
4
6 per year
6 per year
4
2
2
4
6 per year
6 per year
1
Note: PFOS can't be reduced by trimming and cooking.
*MI Serving Size:
Weight of Person
45 pounds
90 pounds
180 pounds
Ml Serving Size
2 ounces
4 ounces
8 ounces
** No one should eat fish listed as do not eat, regardless of age or health. When these fish were tested, MDHHS found very hie
Eating even one meal of these fish could possibly lead to health problems in the future, regardless of age or health.
1 In addition to PFOS, the guideline also includes mercury
2 In addition to PFOS, the guideline also includes mercury and PCBs
i levels of chemicals.
Source: http://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/o.5885.7-33Q-7i.ci48 54783 54784 54785 58671-206074--.oo.html.
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER
August 2016
Other Advisory News
Alabama Fish Consumption Advisories
The Alabama Department of Public Health has released its 2016 fish consumption advisories. The main
contaminants for which Alabama issues advisories are mercury, PCBs, and perfluoralkyl sulfonate.
Statewide advice for at-risk groups (babies, children under 14, women who are nursing, women who are pregnant,
and women who plan to become pregnant) includes the following:
Do NOT eat any king mackerel, shark, swordfish, or tilefish.
Limit white (albacore) tuna to 6 ounces a week.
Eat up to 12 ounces (2 average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury.
Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in local lakes, rivers, and
coastal areas.
Follow the recommendations listed above when feeding fish and shellfish to young children, but serve
smaller portions.
Specific advisories related to perfluoralkyl sulfonate for Area i (Tennessee Basin) are excerpted below:
Waterbody
Baker's Creek
Location
Baker's Creek embayment at Wheeler
Reservoir. (Morgan County)
Mid station, main river channel, Tennessee
River mile 296. (Limestone County)
River miles 303 to 296. Area south of the
main river channel. (Morgan County)
Species of Fish
All species
Largemouth bass
Largemouth bass
Advisory
1 meal/month
1 meal/month
1 meal/month
For more information about Alabama fish consumption advisories, visit: http://www.adph.org/tox/index.asp?id=1360.
Source: http://www.adph.org/tox/assets/Fish advisory update 2Oi6.pdf.
Minnesota Fish Consumption Advisories
Minnesota's site-specific fish advisories, including those for PFOS, can be found at:
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/fish/eating/sitespecific.html.
Minnesota has meal advice categories based on levels of mercury, PCBs, and PFOS in fish. Access the table at:
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/fish/eating/mealadvicetables.pdf.
Delinsky et al. (2010) published the following research regarding PFOS in Minnesota lakes and rivers:
Delinsky, A.D., M.J. Strynar, P.J. McCann, J.L. Yarns, L. McMillan, S.F. Nakayama, and A.B. Lindstrom. 2010.
Geographical distribution of perfluorinated compounds in fish from Minnesota lakes and rivers. Environmental
Science & Technology 44(7):2549-2554. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/io.iO2i/esQO3777s.
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER
August 2016
Wisconsin Fish Consumption Guidelines
Wisconsin released Choose Wisely 2016: A health guide for
eating fish in Wisconsin. Choose Wisely provides general
statewide safe-eating guidelines and exceptions to statewide advice based on
higher levels of contaminants found in fish from some locations. The table
below lists species/locations where exceptions are based upon PFOS. To
view the full list of Wisconsin's fish consumption guidelines, including
contaminants other than PFCs, access the link provided below.
Waterbody
Mississippi River-Pool 4
Species*
Bluegill
Crappie
Bluegill
Bluegill
Crappie
PFOS-based Advice**
1 meal/week
1 meal/week
1 meal/week
1 meal/week
1 meal/week
* Advice for consuming other species from these locations is based on PCBs
**WI Serving Size:
Choote wisely -1016
A health f uide for catin? fiih in Wiicomin
<*--
Body Weight
75 pounds
150 pounds
225 pounds
Fillet Weight Before Cooking
% pound (4 ounces)
% pound (8 ounces)
% pound (12 ounces)
Source: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/documents/consumption/ChooseWiselv2Oi6Web.pdf.
EPA News
EPA Releases Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS
EPA has established health advisories for
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS based on the
agency's assessment of the latest peer-reviewed science
to provide drinking water system operators, and state,
tribal, and local officials who have the primary
responsibility for overseeing these systems, with
information on the health risks of these chemicals, so
they can take the appropriate actions to protect their
residents.
I V V V V0'
C
A
F F
A
F F
A
F F
Chemical Structure of PFOS Anion. (Environment Canada. 2006. Ecological
Screening Assessment Report on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, Its Salts and Its
Precursors that Contain the C8F17S02 or C8F17S03, or C8F17S02N Moiety.
Accessed May 2016. http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-
cepa/documents/substances/spfo-pfos/ecological sar pfos eng.pdfl
To provide Americans, including the most sensitive populations, with a margin of protection from a lifetime of
exposure to PFOA and PFOS from drinking water, EPA has established the health advisory levels at 70 parts per
trillion.
Health advisories provide information on contaminants that can cause human health effects and are known or
anticipated to occur in drinking water. EPA's health advisories are non-enforceable and non-regulatory and provide
technical information to states agencies and other public health officials on health effects, analytical methodologies,
and treatment technologies associated with drinking water contamination.
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER
August 2016
EPA's health advisories are based on the best available peer-reviewed
studies of the effects of PFOA and PFOS on laboratory animals (rats and
mice) and were also informed by epidemiological studies of human
populations that have been exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances. These
studies indicate that exposure to PFOA and PFOS over certain levels
may result in adverse health effects, including developmental effects to
fetuses during pregnancy or to breastfed infants (e.g., low birth weight,
accelerated puberty, skeletal variations), cancer (e.g., testicular, kidney),
liver effects (e.g., tissue damage), immune effects (e.g., antibody
production and immunity), thyroid effects and other effects (e.g.,
cholesterol changes). To learn more about the underlying studies for the
health advisories, see EPA's Health Effects Support Documents for PFOA
https: / 7www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/drinking-water-
R F R F F F Q
OH
FFFFFFFF
Chemical Structure of PFOA. (SIDS Initial
Assessment Profile. 2008. Final SIDS Assessment
Report:PFOA. Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development. Paris, France. April
16-18. Accessed May 2016.
http://webnet.oecd.org/HPV/UI/handler.axd?id=
If391916-96ba-46f6-a7ce-c96712da3b7e)
and PFOS. For more information, visit:
health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos.
Other News
An Industrial Chemical Finds Its Way Into Great Lakes Trout
An industrial chemical is showing up in trout from the Great
Lakes. It's called perfluoro-i-butane sulfonamide, or FBSA.
Researchers traced this chemical back to several products on the
market. Those include detergents and surfactants first used in
2003. Surfactants are materials made to stainproof and
waterproof products. This research was published in the
Environmental Science & Technology journal by Chu et al.
(2016) (http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/io.iO2i/acs.est..c;bo.c;o.c;8).
The research team tested trout samples from eight different sites
in Lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario. They also tested fish from
three other lakes in Canada. Almost all of the fish tested had low
levels (in parts per billion) of FBSA. Thirty-two of the 33 samples
tested positive for FBSA. Robert Letcher, one of the study's
authors, says it was a surprise to find this chemical in fish.
Letcher says some companies started using FBSA to replace perfluorooctane sulfonamide.
Source: http://michiganradio.org/post/industrial-chemical-finds-its-wav-great-lakes-trout.
FOSA
FFFFFFFF
Reprinted with permission from Chu, S., R.J. Letcher, D.J.
McGoldrick, and S.M. Backus. 2016. A new fluorinated
surfactant contaminant in biota: Perfluorobutane sulfonamide in
several fish species. Environmental Science & Technology
50(2):669-675. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER August 2016
PFCs in Fish from Wisconsin's Major Rivers and Great Lakes
A recent report issued by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources summarizes the concentrations of PFCs
found in 28 fish species from 7 river systems and Lakes Michigan and Superior, and explores the factors affecting
PFC concentrations in fish fillets. PFC contamination was found to be spatially heterogeneous, with PFOS present
in highest concentrations and present in the highest number of samples compared to other PFCs. PFCs in fish
sampled from the Great Lakes were generally lower than those sampled from riverine locations, particularly the
Mississippi River, suggesting that proximity to a PFC source is an important factor affecting concentrations.
Advisory concentration ranges formulated by the Minnesota Department of Health were used to evaluate PFOS
concentrations in Wisconsin fish. PFOS levels in most fish from most locations did not supersede Wisconsin's
general statewide advisories or advice already in place due to PCB concentrations, although there are species from
some Mississippi River locations where exceptions to general statewide advice are currently provided due to PFOS.
This report and others can be found at: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Fishing/Consumption/moreinfo.html.
Source: http://dnr.wi.gOv/files/PDF/pubs/fh/AdminReports/FHo8.q.pdf.
Recent Publications
Journal Articles
The list below provides a selection of research articles focusing on PFCs.
Human Dietary Exposure
> Perfluoroalkvl substances in older male anglers in Wisconsin
Christensen, K.Y., M. Raymond, B.A. Thompson, and H.A. Anderson. 2016. Perfluoroalkyl substances in older male anglers in
Wisconsin. Environment International 91:312-318.
> Exposure to per- and polvfluoroalkvl substances through the consumption offish from lakes affected by aqueous film-forming foam
emissions-A combined epidemiological and exposure modeling approach. The SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study
Hansen, S., R. Vestergren, D. Herzke, M. Melhus, A. Evenset, L Hanssen, M. Brustad, and T.M. Sandanger. 2016. Exposure to
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through the consumption offish from lakes affected by aqueous film-forming foam
emissionsA combined epidemiological and exposure modeling approach. The SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study. Environment
International 94:272-282.
> Perfluorinated carboxvlic acids in human breast milk from Spain and estimation of infant's daily intake
Motas Guzman, M., C. Clementini, M.D. Perez-Carceles, S. Jimenez Rejon, A. Cascone, T. Martellini, C. Guerranti, and A. Cincinelli.
2016. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids in human breast milk from Spain and estimation of infant's daily intake. Science of the
Total Environment 544:595-600.
Concentrations and Effects in Fish and Shellfish
> Comparison of perfluoroalkvl substances contamination in farmed and wild-caught European sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrati
Barbarossa, A., T. Gazzotti, F. Farabegoli, F. Romana Mancini, E. Zironi, A. Badiani, L. Busani, and G. Pagliuca. 2016. Comparison
of perfluoroalkyl substances contamination in farmed and wild-caught European sea bass (Dicentrarchus /aforax). Food Control
63:224-229.
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER August 2016
north of Norway: Small survey of importantdietarv foodstuffs for coastal communities
Carlsson, P., J.D. Crosse, C. Halsall, A. Evenset, E.S. Heimstad, and M. Harju. 2016. Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and
legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in halibut and shrimp from coastal areas in the far north of Norway: Small survey of
important dietary foodstuffs for coastal communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 105(l):81-87.
Chronic perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure induces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish
Cheng, J., S. Lv, S. Nie, J. Liu, S. long, N. Kang, Y. Xiao, Q. Dong, C. Huang, and D. Yang. 2016. Chronic perfluorooctane sulfonate
(PFOS) exposure induces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish. Aquatic Toxicology 176:45-52.
Lakes
Collf-Dula, R.C., C.J. Martyniuk, S. Streets, N.D. Denslow, and R. Lehr. 2016. Molecular impacts of perfluorinated chemicals
(PFASs) in the liver and testis of male largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Minnesota Lakes. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology, Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 19:129-139.
Common carp Cyprinus carpio responses to sub-chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid
Giari, L, F. Vincenzi, S. Badini, C. Guerranti, B.S. Dezfuli, E.A. Fano, and G. Castaldelli. 2016. Common carp Cyprinus carpio
responses to sub-chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(15):15321
15330.
Italy): Levels and risks for human consumption
Guerranti, C., A. Cau, M. Renzi, S. Badini, E. Grazioli, G. Perra, and S.E. Focardi. 2016. Phthalates and perfluorinated alkylated
substances in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) specimens from Mediterranean Sea (Sardinia, Italy): Levels and risks for
human consumption. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 51(10):661-667.
PFOS. PFNA. and PFOA sub-lethal exposure to embryonic zebrafish have different toxicitv profiles in terms of morphometrics. behavior and
gene expression
Jantzen, C.E., K.A. Annunziato, S.M. Bugel, and K.R. Cooper. 2016. PFOS, PFNA, and PFOA sub-lethal exposure to embryonic
zebrafish have different toxicity profiles in terms of morphometrics, behavior and gene expression. Aquatic Toxicology
175:160-170.
Perfluorinated compounds in fish from U.S. urban rivers and the Great Lakes
Stahl, LL, B.D. Snyder, A.R. Olsen, T.M. Kincaid, J.B. Wathen, and H.B. McCarty. 2014. Perfluorinated compounds in fish from
U.S. urban rivers and the Great Lakes. Science of the Total Environment 499:185-195.
Preliminary investigation of perfluoroalkvl substances in exploited fishes of two contaminated estuaries
Taylor, M.D., and D.D. Johnson. In press. Preliminary investigation of perfluoroalkyl substances in exploited fishes of two
contaminated estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin.
Concentrations in Water, Sediment, and Biota
High levels, partitioning and fish consumption based water guidelines of perfluoroalkvl adds downstream of a former firefightingtraining
facility in Canada
Bhavsar, S.P., C. Fowler, S. Day, S. Petro, N. Gandhi, S.B. Gewurtz, C. Hao, X. Zhao, K.G. Drouillard, and D. Morse. 2016. High
levels, partitioning and fish consumption based water guidelines of perfluoroalkyl acids downstream of a former firefighting
training facility in Canada. Environment International 94:415-423.
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Fish and Shellfish Program NEWSLETTER August 2016
PFMs?
Gebbink, W.A., A. Bignert, and U. Berger. 2016. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and selected precursors in the Baltic Sea
environment: Do precursors play a role in food web accumulation of PFAAs? Environmental Science & Technology 50(12):6354-
6362.
A nationwide survey of perfluorinated alkvl substances in waters, sediment and biota collected from aquatic environment in Vietnam:
Distributions and bioconcentration profiles
Lam, N.H., C.R. Cho, K. Kannan, and H.S. Cho. In press. A nationwide survey of perfluorinated alkyl substances in waters,
sediment and biota collected from aquatic environment in Vietnam: Distributions and bioconcentration profiles. Journal of
Hazardous Materials.
Perfluoroalkvl substances in the Ebro and Guadalquivir river basins (Spain)
Lorenzo, M., J. Campo, M. Farre, F. Perez, Y. Pico, and D. Barcelo. 2016. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Ebro and Guadalquivir
river basins (Spain). Science of the Total Environment 540:191-199.
Other
PFOS and PFOA in cereals and fish: Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatographv-tandem mass spectrometrv
method
Ciccotelli, V., M.C. Abete, and S. Squadrone. 2016. PFOS and PFOA in cereals and fish: Development and validation of a high
performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Food Control 59:46-52.
Toxicokinetics of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rainbow trout (Oncorhvnchus mvkisSt
Consoer, D.M., A.D. Hoffman, P.N. Fitzsimmons, P.A. Kosian, and J.W. Nichols. 2016. Toxicokinetics of perfluorooctane sulfonate
in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35(3)717-727.
Upcoming Meetings and Conferences
Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association 70th Annual IX Brazilian Crustacean Congress
Shellfish Conference and Tradeshow November 6-9,2016
October 11-14, 2016 Crato, Brazil
Chelan, Washington
18th International Conference on Shellfish Restoration 67th Annual Northwest Fish Culture Concepts: A
November 16-19, 2016 Workshop for Fish Culturists
Charleston, South Carolina December 6-8, 2016
Centralia, Washington
Additional Information
This monthly newsletter highlights current information about fish and shellfish.
For more information about specific advisories within the state, territory, or tribe, contact the appropriate
state agency listed on EPA's National Listing of Fish Advisories website at https://fishadvisorvonline.epa.gov/Contacts.aspx.
For more information about this newsletter, contact Sharon Frey (Frev.Sharon@epa.gov. 202-566-1480).
Additional information about advisories and fish and shellfish consumption can be found
at https://www.epa.gov/fish-tech.
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