oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA/600/R-16/297 | October 2016 | www.epa.gov/research
The Effect of Restored and Native
Oxbows on Hydraulic Loads of
Nutrients and Stream Water Quality
Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
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The Effect of Restored and Native Oxbows
on Hydraulic Loads of Nutrients and
Stream Water Quality
By
Stephen J. Kalkhoff1, Laura Hubbard2,
and Joseph P. Schubauer-Berigan3
1U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, IA, 52244; 2U.S. Geological
urvey, Madison, Wl; 3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD,
NRMRL-Cincinnati, OH 45268
Interagency Agreement DW14957969
Project Officer
Joseph P. Schubauer-Berigan
Land, Remediation and Pollution Control Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH, 45268
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Notice/Disclaimer Statement
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded
and conducted the research described herein under an approved Quality Assurance Project Plan (Quality
Assurance Identification Number G-LRPCD-0016546-RT-l). It has been subjected to the Agency's peer
and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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Abstract
The use of oxbow wetlands has been identified as a potential strategy to reduce nutrient transport from
agricultural drainage tiles to streams in Iowa. In 2013 and 2014, a study was conducted in north-central
Iowa in a native oxbow in the Lyons Creek watershed and two restored oxbow wetlands in the Prairie
Creek watershed (Smeltzer west and Smeltzer east) to assess their effectiveness at reducing nitrogen and
phosphorus loads. The tile line inlets carrying agricultural runoff to the oxbows, the outfall from the
oxbows, and the surface waters in the streams receiving the outfall water were monitored for discharge
and nutrients from February 2013 to September 2015. Smeltzer west and east also had four monitoring
wells each, two in the upland and two between the oxbow and Prairie Creek to monitor surface water-
groundwater interaction. The Smeltzer west and east oxbow sites also were instrumented to continuously
measure the nitrate concentration. Rainfall was measured at one Lyons Creek and one Smeltzer site.
Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in Lyons Creek in 2013 ranged from 11.8 mg/L to 40.9 mg/L, the
median daily mean nitrate-N concentration was 33.0 mg/L. Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in
Prairie Creek in 2013 ranged from 0.07 mg/L in August to 32^2 mg/L in June. In 2014, daily mean
nitrate-N concentrations in Prairie Creek ranged from 0.17 mg/L in April to 26.7 mg/L in July; the daily
mean nitrate-N concentration for the sampled period was 9.78 mg/L. Nutrient load reduction occurred
in oxbow wetlands in Lyons and Prairie Creek watersheds in north-central Iowa but efficiency of
reduction was variable. Little nutrient reduction occurred in the native Lyons Creek oxbow during 2013.
Concentrations of all nutrient constituents were not significantly (P>0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) different
in water discharging from the tile line than in water leaving the Lyons Creek oxbow. A combination of
physical features and flow conditions suggest that the residence time of water in the oxbow may not
have been sufficient to allow for removal of substantial amounts of nutrients. Approximately 54 percent
less nitrate-N was measured leaving the Smeltzer west oxbow than was measured entering from a small
6-inch field tile. The efficiency of nitrate-N removal in the oxbow was not able to be definitively
quantified as other hydrologic factors such as overland and groundwater flow into and through the
oxbow were not addressed and may provide alternative routes for nutrient transport. Damage to the
Smeltzer east oxbow outfall weir prevented analysis of its nutrient load reduction capability. The study
provides important information to managers and land owners looking for strategies to reduce nutrient
transport from fields. Additional research is needed to understand how increased discharge from larger
field tiles and drainage district mains may influence the efficiency of nutrient reduction in relation to the
size, type, and landscape setting of a wetland.
iv
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Foreword
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the
Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency
strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities
and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, USEPA's research
program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building
a science knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how
pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) within the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) is the Agency's center for investigation of technological and management
approaches for preventing and reducing risks from pollution that threaten human health and the
environment. The focus of the Laboratory's research program is on methods and their cost-effectiveness
for prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water
quality in public water systems; remediation of contaminated sites, sediments, and groundwater;
prevention and control of indoor air pollution; and restoration of ecosystems. NRMRL collaborates with
both public and private sector partners to foster technologies that reduce the cost of compliance and to
anticipate emerging problems. NRMRL's research provides solutions to environmental problems by:
developing and promoting technologies that protect and improve the environment; advancing scientific
and engineering information to support regulatory and policy decisions; and providing the technical
support and information transfer to ensure implementation of environmental regulations and strategies at
the national, state, and community levels.
This report documents the results of hydraulic and water quality monitoring that was conducted from
2013 through 2014 in two restored and one native oxbow wetlands receiving agricultural runoff via
drain tiles from row crop agriculture in north-central Iowa. Flow and selected nitrogen and phosphorus
species were monitored in these oxbows and the nearby streams receiving their discharges to assess the
effectiveness of oxbow wetlands at reducing nutrients. The primary objectives of this report are to (1)
document the methods used to collect data that estimate and characterize the nutrient loads from the
oxbow inlets and compare these loads with the nutrient loads at the oxbow outlets and the receiving
streams and (2) to summarize flow, concentrations, and loads in oxbow wetland inflow and outflow;
summarize water levels and water quality in groundwater in the vicinity of the oxbow wetlands; and
summarize flow, concentrations, and loads in the streams receiving discharge from the wetlands.
Cynthia Sonich-Mullen, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
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Table of Contents
Notice/Disclaimer Statement iii
Abstract iv
Foreword v
Tables viii
Figures viii
Conversion Factors x
Acronyms and Abbreviations xi
Acknowledgments xii
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Description of the Study Area 1
2.1 Location 1
2.2 Physical Features 2
2.3 Climatic Conditions 5
3.0 Methods 6
3.1 Hydrologic Data Collection 7
3.1.1 Precipitation 7
3.1.2 Tile line and oxbow 7
3.1.3 Groundwater level 8
3.1.4 Streamflow 9
3.2 Water Quality Data Collection 9
3.2.1 Periodic samples 10
3.2.2 Automatic storm samples 10
3.2.3 Continuous nitrate monitoring 11
3.2.4 Water quality analysis 11
4.0 Results 12
4.1. Hydrology 12
4.1.1 Rainfall 12
4.1.2 Tile line and oxbow 13
4.1.3 Groundwater 16
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4.1.4 Streamflow 17
4.2 Water quality 17
4.2.1 Periodic samples 17
4.2.2 Automatic storm samples 25
4.2.3 Continuous nitrate-N monitoring 30
5.0 Discussion 35
6.0 Conclusion 38
7.0 References cited 39
vii
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Tables
Table 1. Oxbow wetland and stream sites in the Lyons and Prairie Creek watersheds, IA 2013-
2014 7
Table 2. Groundwater monitoring well information 8
Table 3. Nitrogen and phosphorus species analyzed by the USGS Upper Mississippi
Environmental Science Center laboratory, 2013-2014. [Pcode, U.S. Geological Survey
parameter code; mg/L, milligrams per liter; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus] 12
Table 4. Monthly rainfall and inflow and outflow from oxbow wetlands in the Lyons and Prairie
Creek study sites. [Regional normal rainfall from NOAA, 2015: NA, not available] 13
Table 5. Statistical summary of water quality of discrete samples from streams, tile inflow, and
oxbow discharge in the Lyons and Prairie Creek, IA study areas, 2013-2014 18
Table 6. Water quality of samples from the Prairie Creek study area monitoring wells 24
Table 7. Statistical summary of daily mean nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen from streams, tile
inflow, and oxbow discharge continuously measured in the Lyons and Prairie Creek, IA
study areas, 2013-2014 31
Table 8. Inflow and outflow of water and nitrate nitrogen in the Smeltzer West oxbow wetland
in relation to flow in Prairie Creek, 2013 and 2014 36
Figures
Figure 1. Location of the oxbow wetland study sites in the Prairie and Lyons Creek watersheds
in Iowa 2
Figure 2. Lyons Creek study site showing location of sampling sites and changes in the Lyons
Creek channel from 1950 to 2013. [Aerial photos from Iowa State University Geographic
Map Server] 3
Figure 3. Prairie Creek study site showing location of sampling sites at the Smeltzer farms east
and west oxbow wetlands and changes in the Prairie Creek channel from 1950 to 2013.
[Contour interval is 2.0 feet; Aerial photos from Iowa State University Geographic Map
Server] 5
Figure 4. Average monthly air temperature and precipitation in central Iowa in 2013 and 2014
in relation to the 30 year average, (data from NOAA, 2015) 6
Figure 5. Tile inflow and discharge out of the Lyons and Prairie Creek oxbow wetlands 14
Figure 6. Altitude of water level in groundwater and the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland 16
viii
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Figure 7. Daily mean discharge in the streams receiving water from oxbow wetlands in the
Prairie and Lyons Creeks study sites 17
Figure 8. Summary of concentrations of selected phosphorus and nitrogen species at the
Lyons Creek study site, 2013 19
Figure 9. Summary of concentrations of selected phosphorus and nitrogen species at the
Prairie Creek study site, 2013-2014 22
Figure 10. Nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen concentrations in monitoring wells in the Prairie Creek
study area, June 10, 2014 25
Figure 11. Flow and concentrations of selected nitrogen and phosphorus species in tile line
inflow (L1) and discharge from (LS2) the Lyons Creek oxbow wetland during two storm
events in 2013 27
Figure 12. Flow and concentrations of selected nitrogen and phosphorus species in tile line
inflow (S1) and discharge from (S2) the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland during two storm
events in May 2013 30
Figure 13. Daily mean nitrate plus nitrite-N concentration and daily mean discharge in Lyons
Creek (L3) 32
Figure 14. Daily mean nitrate plus nitrite concentration in Smeltzer west oxbow wetland inflow
(S1), outflow (S2), and in the receiving stream, Prairie Creek (S3) 33
Figure 15. Daily mean nitrate plus nitrite concentration in Smeltzer east oxbow wetland inflow
(S4), outflow (S5), and in the receiving stream, Prairie Creek (S3) 34
Figure 16. Daily mean discharge and nitrate nitrogen concentration in Prairie Creek, 2013-14
[ft3/s, cubic feet per second: mg/L, milligrams per liter: N, nitrogen 35
Figure 17. Daily Inflow from a tile line (S1) and outflow (S2) of water and nitrate from the
Smeltzer west restored oxbow wetland, 2013 and 2014 37
IX
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Conversion Factors
Inch/Pound to International System of Units
Multiply
By
To obtain
Length
inch (in.)
2.54
centimeter (cm)
inch (in.)
25.4
millimeter (mm)
foot (ft)
0.3048
meter (m)
mile (mi)
1.609
kilometer (km)
mile, nautical (nmi)
1.852
kilometer (km)
yard (yd)
0.9144
meter (m)
Area
acre
4,047
square meter (m2)
acre
0.4047
hectare (ha)
acre
0.004047
square kilometer (km2)
square mile (mi2)
259.0
hectare (ha)
square mile (mi2)
2.590
square kilometer (km2)
Volume
gallon (gal)
3.785
liter (L)
gallon (gal)
0.003785
cubic meter (m3)
cubic foot (ft3)
0.02832
cubic meter (m3)
acre-foot (acre-ft)
1,233
cubic meter (m3)
acre-foot (acre-ft)
0.001233
cubic hectometer (hm3)
Flow rate
acre-foot per year (acre-ft/yr)
1,233
cubic meter per year (m3/yr)
acre-foot per year (acre-ft/yr)
0.001233
cubic hectometer per year (hmVyr)
cubic foot per second (ft3/s)
0.02832
cubic meter per second (m3/s)
cubic foot per second per square mile
[(ft3/s)/mi2]
0.01093
cubic meter per second per square kilometer
[(m3/s)/km2]
mile per hour (mi/li)
1.609
kilometer per hour (km/h)
Mass
pound, avoirdupois (lb)
0.4536
kilogram (kg)
ton short (2,000 lb)
0.9072
megagram (Mg)
ton per day (ton/d)
0.9072
metric ton per day
ton per day (ton/d)
0.9072
megagram per day (Mg/d)
ton per day per square mile [(ton/d)/mi2]
0.3503
megagram per day per square kilometer
[(Mg/d)/km2]
ton per year (ton/yr)
0.9072
megagram per year (Mg/yr)
ton per year (ton/yr)
0.9072
metric ton per year
x
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Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (ฐF) may be converted to degrees Celsius (ฐC) as ฐC = (ฐF - 32) 11.8.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
IDNR Iowa Department of Natural Resources
MRBI Mississippi River Basin Initiative
NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service
NWIS U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
RPD Relative Percent Difference
UMESC U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
xi
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Acknowledgments
The study would not have been possible without help and assistance of many individuals including:
Brenda Groskinsky, Jason Daniels and Leah Medley of USEPA, Region 7; Karen Hansen, Webster
Country Conservation; Todd Suphlin, Keegan Kult, and Chris Jones, Iowa Soybean; Sam Adams,
NRCS; Eileen Bader, TNC; Adam Kiel, IA DNR; and Charlie Schafer, Agri Drain. Special thanks is
extended to the land owners who provided us access to conduct the study, Jim Patton, Smeltzer Trust
and Leaning Farms and Howard Sterns, landowner and Brent Odlan, tenant of the Lyons Creek site.
Personnel at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Dodge, IA office installed and maintained all the
monitoring equipment, collected water samples, and checked and reviewed the continuous discharge and
nitrate data. The Fort Dodge personnel include Kate Holt, David Warweg, Jeff Harms and Dave Conell.
Dave Owens from the USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center provided data logger programs and
assisted in site installation. Shirley Yuan supervised sample analysis at the USGS Upper Mississippi
Environmental Science Center laboratory. We thank Brian Dyson, USEPA, NRMRL and Molly
Breitmun USGS for providing technical reviews of the report and Marilyn Dapper for providing editing
assistance. Additional reviews by James Voit and Alice Gilliland helped improve the final draft of the
report.
xii
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1.0 Introduction
Excess nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) are ranked as one of the top 10 leading causes for
a majority of the impairments to U.S. waters (USEPA 2000, 2009). A NOAA Estuarine Eutrophication
Survey (Bricker and others, 1999) found that 89% of the U.S. coastal estuaries show signs of
impairment due to eutrophi cation. In addition, excess nitrogen transport from the Upper Midwest,
primarily associated with agricultural activities, has been cited as a major contributor to the annual
formation of a large hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico (Scavia and others, 2000). Management and
reduction of excess nitrogen and phosphorus loading is a major goal for reducing coastal hypoxia and
the risk of harmful and toxic algal blooms. The goal of this study was to assess the ability of restored
and native oxbows to reduce nutrient loads from agricultural runoff. The practice of restoring or
reconstructing oxbow wetlands has been identified as one potential strategy among others to reduce the
amount of nutrients transported by agricultural drainage tiles from reaching stream surface waters. Off-
channel habitats such as oxbow wetlands are also thought to serve as important habitat for the federally
endangered Topeka Shiner (Bakevich and others, 2013) and act as refugia for life stages of other fish
and amphibians.
This report documents the hydraulic and water quality monitoring conducted from 2013 through 2014 in
two restored and one native oxbow wetlands receiving agricultural row crop runoff via drain tiles in
north-central Iowa. Flow and selected nitrogen and phosphorus species were monitored in these oxbows
and the nearby streams receiving the oxbow discharge to assess the effectiveness of oxbow wetlands at
reducing nutrients. The primary objectives of this report are to (1) document the methods used to collect
data that estimate and characterize the nutrient loads from the oxbow inlets and compare these loads
with the nutrient loads at the oxbow outlets and the receiving streams and (2) to summarize flow,
concentrations, and loads in oxbow wetland inflow and outflow; to summarize water levels and water
quality in groundwater in the vicinity of the oxbow wetlands; and to summarize flow, concentrations,
and loads in the streams receiving discharge from the wetlands. The streamflow information will be used
to understand the watershed setting of the oxbows.
2.0 Description of the Study Area
2.1 Location
The study was conducted at two sites in north-central Iowa (Fig. 1) in the Des Moines Lobe landform
area which is the southernmost extent of the Prairie Pothole Region in central North America. Its
characteristic knob-and-kettle terrain was formed by the Wisconsinan Glaciation, the last glacial episode
in the state (Prior, 1991). This region of the state contains most of Iowa's natural lakes and contained
abundant prairie pothole wetlands and oxbow lakes prior to agricultural drainage (Prior, 1991). The soils
are mostly composed of poorly-drained clay loams, with smaller percentages of moderately well-drained
loams. Most of the pothole wetlands were drained in the early 1900's to grow crops (Dahl and Allord,
1996). Additional extensive subsurface tile drainage has been installed during the last decade to lower
the water table to increase crop production.
l
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I งT
-- JZJ
Des Moines Lobe
0 50 100
ST T
200 Miles
\i
% Study site
0 5 10 20 Miles
1 l l l l I l l l l I
Figure 1. Location of the oxbow wetland study sites in the Prairie and Lyons Creek watersheds in Iowa
2.2 Physical Features
A native oxbow wetland located in the Lyons Creek watershed near Webster City, Iowa (Fig. 1) was
selected for study. Lyons Creek drains an 18-mi2 (Larimer, 1974) watershed and joins the Boone River
near Webster City. The Lyons Creek oxbow wetland is located 0.25 mi south of 203rd Street. The study
site is 4.0 miles upstream of the confluence of Lyons Creek and the Boone River. Lyons Creek drains
7.0 mi2 upstream of the study site. The native oxbow wetland is adjacent to Lyons Creek and is located
in a narrow valley that has relatively steep sides and is generally less than 1,000 ft wide. The land
adjacent to the wetland along the stream valley north to 203rd St is not farmed, being covered mainly
with prairie. The surrounding land to the east and west is used for row crops and the land to the south of
the oxbow wetland is in pasture. Lyons Creek oxbow appears to have been formed naturally and has
been present since at least 1950 (Fig. 2). Over time, the Lyons Creek oxbow has filled with sediment.
The wetland had open water in 1950, but now (2013) is shallow and covered with emergent vegetation
(Fig. 2). The Lyons Creek oxbow is not directly connected to the creek but may become inundated
during flooding. Water discharged from a field tile enters the wetland from the southwest. A narrow
channel is present in the vegetation between the point where the tile discharges and the outlet of the
oxbow.
2
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A
Sampling sites
(J) Groundwater
~ Stream
Wet and
1950
i
2013
1
Aerial photos from Iowa State University Geographic Map Server
Figure 2. Lyons Creek study site showing location of sampling sites and changes in the Lyons Creek channel from 1950 to 2013.
The two restored oxbow wetlands are located on the Smeltzer Learning Farms in the Prairie Creek
watershed near Ft. Dodge, IA (Fig. 3). Prairie Creek drains a 34-mi2 (Larimer, 1974) watershed and
joins the Des Moines River near Otho, I A. The Smeltzer Farms oxbow wetlands are located
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approximately 1,500 ft downstream of county highway P59. The study site is located 7.5 miles upstream
of the confluence of Prairie Creek and the Des Moines River. Prairie Creek drains 28 mi2 of land
upstream of the study site. The Smeltzer west oxbow wetland was created sometime between 1970 and
1980 when natural stream meanders were cut off from the stream by channelization of Prairie Creek.
Based on changes observed in historical aerial photos, the Smeltzer east oxbow wetland may have
formed naturally when the channel cut off a meander sometime between 1950 and 1960 (Fig. 3). Both
Smeltzer east and west oxbow wetlands were restored in 2012 by removal of deposited sediment. These
wetlands are situated in the valley of Prairie Creek that is generally less than 1,500 ft wide with a
floodplain that is generally less than 400 ft wide. A grass buffer extends from the creek to the top of the
valley. Farmland is adjacent to both the north and south sides of the valley. The restored wetlands are
not connected directly to Prairie Creek but may become inundated during flooding. Water discharged
from field tile draining farmland to the south enters both wetlands on the east. Excess water is
discharged from the wetland through drainage control structures on the west. A denitrification bed or
bioreactor (Schipper and others, 2010) using wood chips as the carbon substrate was installed on the tile
line discharging to the Smeltzer east oxbow. Its purpose was to reduce nitrate concentrations of the
water before it entered the oxbow wetland.
4
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1950
2013
Sampling_sites
ฉ Groundwater
T Stream
~ Oxbow wetland
Aerial photos from Iowa State University Geographic Map Server
Figure 3. Prairie Creek study site showing location of sampling sites at the Smeltzer farms east and west oxbow wetlands and changes in
the Prairie Creek channel from 1950 to 2013. [Aerial photos from Iowa State University Geographic Map Server]
2.3 Climatic Conditions
The climatic conditions during the 2013 to 2014 study period can be characterized as colder winters and
wetter springs than the 30-year average. Generally the winter and early months in north-central Iowa
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from November through April during the study were colder (fig. 4) than normal (1981-2010 average).
Air temperatures in late spring and summer through the growing season were similar to the 30-year
average (fig. 4). Average monthly air temperatures increased from 44.8ฐF in April 2013 to 71.6 ฐF in
July 2013 before decreasing to 51.3ฐF in October at the end of the growing season (Fig. 4). Average
monthly air temperatures were similar in 2014, but the greatest monthly average (70.9ฐ F) was one
month later than in 2013 (fig. 4). Monthly precipitation in north-central Iowa during the study period
(Fig. 4) was variable but was greater in April through June in relation to the 30-year average. Average
monthly rainfall was more than 2.0 inches greater than normal in April 2013 and June 2014. With the
exception of August 2014, rainfall the remainder of the growing season was near or below the 30-year
average. Rainfall normally decreases from 4.25 inches in June to 3.01 inches October (Fig. 4).
1981-2010
1
ซ 30
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Jan Feb Mar Apf May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Figure 4. Average monthly air temperature and precipitation in north-central Iowa in 2013 and 2014 in relation to the 30-year average,
(monthly summary of the entire Iowa climatic region 5; data from NOAA, 2015)
3.0 Methods
This project focused on monitoring the restored oxbow wetlands identified as Smeltzer west oxbow and
Smeltzer east oxbow and a native Lyons Creek oxbow (Figs. 2 and 3). A field-scale watershed approach
was used to estimate nutrient loads entering and leaving the oxbows and groundwater interaction with
the oxbows.
The monitoring sites were established at the inlets and outlets of the oxbow (Table 1). Discharge and
water-quality data were collected at these oxbows to quantify the nitrogen and phosphorus loads
entering and leaving the restored and native oxbows. Smeltzer west and east had four monitoring wells
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each, two in the upland and two between the oxbow and Prairie Creek to monitor surface water-
groundwater interaction. One stream monitoring station was located on Prairie Creek at a footbridge
near the Smeltzer oxbows. Another stream monitoring station was located on Lyons Creek, near the
native oxbow to evaluate its performance in reducing the nutrient export.
Each stream and oxbow wetland site was instrumented to measure water levels and collect water
samples. The Smeltzer west and east oxbow sites also were instrumented to continuously measure the
nitrate concentration. Rainfall was measured at one Lyons Creek and one Smeltzer site. Control of the
instrumentation and recording and transmittal of data was with a Campbellฎ data logging and control
system (data logger). Data collected at each site was radioed to a central location at each of the Lyons
Creek and Smeltzer study areas for transmittal via cell phone to the U.S. Geological Survey National
Water Information System (NWIS) database (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN).
Table 1. Oxbow wetland and stream sites in the Lyons and Prairie Creek watersheds, IA 2013-2014
Map
Site identification
Decimal
Decimal
number
number
Site name
Site type
latitude
longitude
County
LI
422935093460401
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (L1)
Tile inlet
42.4932
-93.7678
Hamilton
L2
422935093460001
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2)
Oxbow outlet
42.4933
-93.7669
Hamilton
L3
05480986
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3)
Stream
42.4933
-93.7668
Hamilton
SI
422436094082501
Smeltzer west Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI)
Tile inlet
42.4102
-94.1403
Webster
S2
422438094082701
Smeltzer west Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2)
Oxbow outlet
42.4106
-94.1410
Webster
S3
05480603
Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3)
Stream
42.4109
-94.1413
Webster
S4
422432094081701
Smeltzer east Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4)
Tile inlet
42.4091
-94.1383
Webster
S5
422433094081801
Smeltzer east Oxbow Outlet near Otlio, IA (S5)
Oxbow outlet
42.4094
-94.1385
Webster
3.1 Hydrologic Data Collection
3.1.1 Precipitation
Rainfall was recorded using 6-inch (15.24 cm) tipping bucket rain gages at the Lyons Creek native
oxbow site and at the Prairie Creek restored wetland sites. The rain gages were mounted above one of
the instrument structures 10 ft above land surface. Each tip of the rain gage bucket generated a pulse
signal that was converted to the rainfall amount and recorded by the data logger. A tip of the bucket
measured 0.01 inches. The amount of rainfall was summed for each 15-minute period. The rain gage at
the Prairie Creek oxbow site malfunctioned during June 22 to July 3, 2014 when the area received
substantial rains. Daily rainfall on these days was supplemented with data from NOAA's rain gage 1.6
miles east northeast of Fort Dodge, IA (NOAA, 2015).
Routine maintenance and annual calibration were performed to ensure that the rain gages accurately
measured precipitation. Routine maintenance included inspection and if necessary cleaning of the
collector, funnel, and screen. A manual tip test was conducted to check the integrity and operation of the
gage sensor and wiring. Each rain gage was calibrated using a simulated precipitation intensity of 2
inches per hour.
3.1.2 Tile line and oxbow
Flow into and discharge from the restored and native oxbow wetlands was measured on a 5- to 15-
minute time period using rated weirs and discharge control boxes.
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At the Lyons Creek site, a weir was constructed at both the tile line (LI) and oxbow wetland (L2)
discharge points to route the water through a 2-ft. "H" flume. The level of water (stage) in the flume was
measured using a gas purge pressure transducer and recorded by the data-logger. The stage data were
used with the "H" flume rating (Appendix 1.1) to calculate flow at 15-minute intervals.
Water discharged from tile lines to Smeltzer east (S4) and west (SI) oxbow wetlands was routed through
a 60ฐ V shaped trapezoidal flume so that flow could be accurately measured. As in the Lyons Creek
flumes, the water level in the trapezoidal flume was measured using a gas purge pressure system and
recorded by the onsite data logger. The stage data were used with the flume manufacturer's theoretical
rating curve (Appendix 1.2) to calculate flow at 15-minute intervals.
Water discharged from Smeltzer east and west oxbows was routed through a commercial flow control
box.
3.1.3 Groundwater level
Water levels were monitored in 10 wells to measure water table fluctuations along a groundwater flow
path through each oxbow wetland. Wells were from 7.6 to 13.8 ft deep. Well screens were installed in
the lower 5.0 ft. of each well. The monitoring wells were constructed with a drill rig using a 6-inch
hollow stem auger. When the auger reached the completed depth it was removed and a 2-inch polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) well casing along with the 5-ft screen were inserted down the bore hole. The hole was
then backfilled with sand to 1.0 ft above the screen (sand pack), followed by bentonite to within 3 ft of
the surface, and finally cement from the top of the bentonite to the surface. The bentonite and concrete
ensured that water would not seep down the bore hole. A 6-inch PVC protective casing was set in the
concrete to secure the well. The well was then developed to remove fine sediment from the sand pack by
pumping until the water cleared.
Table 2. Groundwater monitoring well information
Map
number
USGS Station
identification
number
Station name
Longitude
Latitude
Land-
surface
altitude
Well
Depth
(feet)
LW1
422936093460401
Lyons oxbow (Wl)
-93.767917
42.493389
1099.14
11.8
LW4
422935093460002
Lyons oxbow (W4)
-93.766917
42.493222
1090.94
7.6
SW1
422436094082901
Smeltzer west oxbow (Wl)
-94.141389
42.410000
1101.34
12.6
SW2
422436094082801
Smeltzer west oxbow (W2)
-94.141222
42.410111
1088.97
12.5
SW3
422437094082701
Smeltzer west oxbow (W3)
-94.140917
42.410278
1092.22
13.8
SW4
422437094082501
Smeltzer west oxbow (W4)
-94.140500
42.410528
1089.43
12.7
SW5
422432094082001
Smeltzer east oxbow (W5)
-94.138889
42.409139
1098.32
10.6
SW6
422433094081901
Smeltzer east oxbow (W6)
-94.138667
42.409167
1089.30
12.6
SW7
422433094081802
Smeltzer east oxbow (W7)
-94.138444
42.409194
1093.80
13.0
SW8
422433094081601
Smeltzer east oxbow (W8)
-94.138028
42.409361
1090.12
11.9
The water level and temperature in the water table was recorded in 6 of the 10 monitoring wells (SW1,
SW2, SW3, SW4, SW6, and SW8; Table 2) at 15-minute intervals using a self-contained level-logger
system (Aqua TROLL, In-Situ Inc., Fort Collins, CO). Water levels were measured using a pressure
transducer and water temperature was measured using a thermistor that was set near the bottom of the
screened interval. The pressure transducer was vented to the surface to allow compensation for changes
8
-------
in atmospheric pressure. The sensors were set near the bottom of the screened interval to ensure that
they were measuring water that was moving through the water table; not stagnant water trapped in the
well casing. Initial water levels were set in the level logger based on manual measurements using an
electrical tape. Recorded water levels were checked periodically against manual measurements to allow
compensation for drift over time (Cunningham and Schalk, 2011).
Water level and temperature data recorded by the level loggers were uploaded to a laptop computer
when personnel visited the site for cleaning and maintenance. Upon return to the office, data were
uploaded to the USGS NWIS database.
3.1.4 Streamflow
Periodic streamflow measurements (Appendix 1.3) were made at Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
and Prairie Creek at Otho, IA to develop a stage-discharge relation (Rantz and others, 1982a) that was
used to calculate flow at 15-minute intervals. Discharge measurements were made over a range of
stream stages using the midsection method (Sauer and Turnipseed, 2010) with an Acoustic Doppler
Velocity meter (ADVM) for wading measurements and a cable mounted Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler (ADCP) for high flow measurements.
Stage-discharge ratings were developed for the sites on Prairie and Lyons Creek from streamflow
measurements made at a range of stream height (stage) using methods outlined in Rantz and others
(1982b). These stage-discharge relations or rating curves (Appendix 1.4 and Appendix 1.5) were then
used along with the measured stage to calculate stream discharge at 15-minute intervals. All resulting
discharge records were then reviewed to identify and edit erroneous data and make shift adjustments if
needed (Sauer, 2002). The reviewed records were then checked by another technician before being
approved for use or publication.
Stage, as measured in relation to a set datum, was recorded at 15-minute intervals with a gas purge
pressure sensor system and was stored in the onsite data logger. Stored stage data were periodically
transmitted throughout the day to the USGS NWIS database via cell modem. Stream discharge
corresponding to each 15- minute stage measurement was calculated using the established stage-
discharge relations for Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (Appendix 1.4) and for Prairie Creek at Otho,
IA (Appendix 1.5). Mean daily discharge was then calculated from the 15-minute data.
Recorded stage values were checked during each site visit against an outside staff gage that was
surveyed to a known datum to ensure that the water level in the streams was measured accurately.
3.2 Water Quality Data Collection
Water quality data were initially collected manually and with automatic samplers which were then
analyzed using methods described below in section 3.2.4. Manual samples were collected periodically
as needed and automatic samplers were used to collect samples during storm events when personnel
were not available. Nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (N) sensors that allowed for high frequency
measurement of concentrations were installed in June 2013. Data from the nitrate sensors replaced data
obtained from the manual and automatic sample collection. Both laboratory analysis and measurement
using in situ sensors measure both the nitrate-N and nitrite-N species. However, in well oxygenated
environments similar to sites in this study, nitrate-N is the predominant species in solution. Therefore
the nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen concentration and load will be referred to as nitrate-N concentration
and load in the remainder of the report.
9
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3.2.1 Periodic samples
Periodic water quality samples for the analysis of selected nitrogen and phosphorus species were
collected from the tile inflow and oxbow discharge at all three oxbow wetland sites. Periodic samples
were also collected from the two streams receiving oxbow discharge. A single sample was collected
from the monitoring wells to quantify nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in shallow groundwater.
Samples were collected using methods that resulted in a representative sample (U.S. Geological Survey,
2006).
Sampling equipment that included samplers, sample churns, and tubing were cleaned before each
sample to ensure that cross contamination did not occur. Detailed cleaning instructions are provided in
Wilde (2004) and are summarized here. The sampling equipment were soaked in a non-phosphate
detergent solution and scrubbed, if needed, to remove any adhering material. The equipment was then
rinsed first with tap water and then with deionized water to remove any remaining detergent. If not
immediately needed, the sampling equipment was allowed to air dry and then stored in sealed plastic
bags.
Water samples were collected into a clean sample churn by pumping with a peristaltic pump (oxbow
outlets), with a hand or line sampler for the streams, and by water flowing directly into the churn (tile-
lines). Two bottles were filled for each sample. Stream samples were a composite of depth integrated
samples from a minimum of 10 equal width verticals across the stream (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006).
One pre-rinsed clear polyethylene bottle for analysis of total (unfiltered) constituents (Table 3) was
filled directly from the churn without filtering. Water to be analyzed for dissolved nutrients was filtered
through a 0.45-[j,m capsule filter into a brown polyethylene bottle (Wilde and others, 2004).
Because of the small production capacity of the shallow monitoring wells, samples were collected
during a two-day period. On the first day, old or stagnant water was pumped from the well casing until
the well was dry. Water was allowed to flow back into the well overnight before samples were collected
the following day. Water was pumped from the monitoring wells with a peristaltic pump directly into a
clear polyethylene bottle for analysis of total constituents and through a 0.45-[j,m capsule filter into a
brown polyethylene bottle for analysis of dissolved constituents (Wilde and others, 2004).
3.2.2 Automatic storm samples
The large number of sampling sites and the general timing of rainfall precluded field personnel from
manually collecting water quality samples during all storm events. A set of automatic samplers was
installed to collect water quality samples from Lyons and Prairie Creeks and from the three oxbow inlet
and discharge sites to supplement manual sampling in 2013. Automatic samples were collected from
April to October in 2013. Automatic samplers were superseded by the use of nitrate-N sensors in June
2013.
ISCOฎ portable automatic samplers controlled by a Campbellฎ data logging and control system were
used to collect water samples during periods of rainfall when flow at the sampling sites substantially
increased. Stage in the streams, tile-line weir, and oxbow control boxes were measured using the gas
purge pressure system. Stage measurements recorded by the data loggers were used to trigger sampling
by the automatic samplers.
The data logger signaled sampling to start when a pre-set stage was reached or exceeded. Once
triggered, the automatic samplers were programed to sample at pre-set intervals. Before the sampler
began collection, the tubing was back flushed to remove water that remained in the tube after the
10
-------
previous sample. The sample bottle was then filled to a programmed volume. Samples were removed
from the automatic sampler within a day of collection, put on ice, and transported back to the field office
for processing. A subset of the autosamples were selected for processing and shipment to the laboratory
for analysis. Water for analysis of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus species was filtered through a
0.45-[j,m cartridge filter into a separate polyethylene bottle. Water for analysis of total nitrogen and
phosphorus was transferred to a polyethylene bottle unfiltered. Both the filtered and unfiltered sample
bottles were shipped chilled at or less than 4ฐ C to the laboratory for analysis (Wilde and others, 2004).
3.2.3 Continuous nitrate monitoring
New instrumentation (NITRATAX probe manufactured by Hach Corporation Germany) that allows for
high-frequency measurements of nitrate-N was installed at a number of sites midway through the
summer of 2013. The NITRATAX probes used were factory serviced and certified annually, across a
concentration range of 0.1-50 mg/L nitrate-N (Table 3). USGS Standard Operating Procedures described
in detail by Pellerin and others (2013) were followed to calibrate and maintain the probes used to ensure
accurate nitrate-N measurements. The procedures followed are briefly summarized here. Upon arrival at
the site, an initial sensor measurement was recorded for comparison to a field measurement after the
sensor was cleaned. The sensor was removed and inspected for fouling and potential damage to the
instrument. The optical window of the sensor was cleaned using distilled water. If staining was visible,
the optical window was rinsed with a mild hydrochloric acid solution. If needed, the remainder of the
sensor was also cleaned. The sensor was then returned to the monitoring location and a new
measurement was made to compare to the pre-cleaning measurement.
Field calibration checks were made after cleaning with commercially available nitrate-N standards
(obtained from Hach Corporation). The sensor readings were checked using three known concentration
standards. Zero concentration was checked with deionized water. Additional nitrate-N concentration
standards of 11.3 and 22.6 mg/L were measured to verify accuracy over the expected range to be
measured. When ambient nitrate-N concentrations exceeded 22.6 mg/L, a 45.2 mg/L standard was used
to check the calibration at the high end of nitrate-N range of the instrument.
Ambient water quality samples collected soon after cleaning were used to check the sensor measurement
with concentrations determined using approved wet chemistry analytical methods (see description of
analytical methods in next section).
3.2.4 Water quality analysis
All water quality samples were chilled on ice after collection and were transported to the U.S.
Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) water quality laboratory
in La Crosse, WI for analysis. Samples were analyzed for three nitrogen and two phosphorus species by
standard methods (Table 3).
11
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Table 3. Analytical methods for nitrogen and phosphorus species, 2013-2014. [Pcode, U.S. Geological Survey parameter code; mg/L,
milligrams per liter; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus: methods from Rice and others, 2012]
Analyte (Pcode)
Matrix
Range
Low
Range
High
Units
Method
USGS Upper Mississippi Environmental Science Center laboratory
Nitrate+Nitrite-N
(00631)
Water,
filtered
0.01
250
mg/L
4500 N03-1
Ammonium-N
(00608)
Water,
filtered
0.008
250
mg/L
4500-NH3 G
Total Nitrogen-N
Unfiltered (62855)
Water,
unfiltered
0.01
250
mg/L
4500-N C
Ortho-phosphate-P
(00671)
Water,
filtered
0.001
100
mg/L
4500-PE
Total Phosphorus-P
Unfiltered (00665)
Water,
unfiltered
0.001
100
mg/L
4500-PE
Hach NITRATAX sensor
Nitrate+Nitrite-N
(99133)
Water,
unfiltered
0.1
50
mg/L
Ultraviolet adsorption measurement
Analytical data were transferred from the UMESC laboratory via emailed Excel spreadsheets to the
USGS Iowa Water Science Center where it was batch uploaded into the USGS NWIS database. Data
uploaded included station identification number, station name, date, time, analyzing agency, method
code, laboratory results, and laboratory comments.
Additional data (Appendix 1.6) were collected throughout the study to assure that analyzed and
measured concentrations of the nutrient constituents of interest were accurate and reproducible. Data
were also collected to document that equipment and sampling supplies did not "carry over" nutrient
residues from previous samples. Accuracy in the laboratory analysis was documented by annual analysis
of standard reference samples (U.S. Geological Survey, undated; https://bqs.usgs.gov/) and analytical
reproducibility was documented through the analysis of replicate or "split" ambient samples. The
effectiveness of equipment cleaning and handling to eliminate carry over of nutrient residues from
sample to sample was evaluated by analysis of blank samples. A separate set of quality assurance and
quality control data were collected to ensure that the NITRATAX nitrate sensors installed at the study
sites were measuring accurate nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen concentrations and that these results were
not substantially different than laboratory analytical determinations. The quality assurance and quality
control data show that both laboratory analysis and field sensor measurement were able to produce
accurate and precise concentration data that can be used to compute the transport load of selected
nutrient species at the monitoring stations (Appendix 1.6).
4.0 Results
4.1. Hydrology
4.1.1 Rainfall
Monthly rainfall in the Lyons and Prairie Creek study areas initially was less than normal for central
12
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Iowa (Table 4, Appendix 2.1 and Appendix 2.2) in February and March 2013, but increased to much
greater than normal in April and May, 2013. Rainfall through the remainder of the summer was
generally less than normal. Monthly rainfall in the Prairie Creek study area was near normal in spring
2014 and was greater than normal in 2 of 4 months during the summer (Table 4).
The total rainfall during the February through September 2013 period was 21.79 inches in Lyons Creek
and 20.49 inches at the Prairie Creek site. More than half the total occurred in April and May. Although
rainfall in 2013 was almost twice the normal amount during the April and May, the total was from 5.4 to
6.7 inches below normal for the entire 2013 study period.
In contrast, rainfall in 2014 at the Prairie Creek site was 2.0 inches greater than normal during the April
through September period. Total recorded rainfall was 24.86 inches at the Prairie Creek site (Table 4).
Table 4. Monthly rainfall and inflow and outflow from oxbow wetlands in the Lyons and Prairie Creek study sites. [Regional normal rainfall
from NOAA, 2015: NA, not available]
Rainfall, inches
Discharge, acre feet
Smeltzer
Smeltzer
Smeltzer
Lyons
Prairie
Regional
Lyons
Lyons
west
west
east
Creek
Creek
Normal
oxbow
oxbow
oxbow
oxbow
oxbow
study
study
(1981-
inlet
outlet
inlet
outlet
inlet
Year
Month
site
site
2010)
(LI)
(L2)
(SI)
(S2)
(S4)
2013
Feb
0.4
0.34
1.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
2013
Mar
1.3
1.18
2.52
1.80
5.70
0.05
2.40
1.30
2013
Apr
6.67
6.53
3.33
8.90
9.90
1.50
3.00
1.10
2013
May
7.88
7.28
4.21
32.00
70.00
7.40
18.00
4.60
2013
Jun
4.07
3.97
4.25
22.00
40.00
4.30
9.60
1.40
2013
Jul
1.19
0.11
4.06
3.20
3.20
0.50
1.00
0.20
2013
Aug
0.28
0.87
3.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2013
Sep
NA
0.21
3.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2013
Total
21.79
20.49
27.19
67.90
128.80
13.75
34.00
9.10
2014
Feb
NA
NA
1.72
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2014
Mar
NA
NA
2.52
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2014
Apr
NA
3.91
3.33
NA
NA
0.00
0.00
0.50
2014
May
NA
3.51
4.21
NA
NA
0.60
0.00
0.70
2014
Jun
NA
5.71
4.25
NA
NA
4.40
8.30
3.40
2014
Jul
NA
1.83
4.06
NA
NA
3.70
5.70
1.20
2014
Aug
NA
6.16
3.66
NA
NA
0.30
0.00
0.20
2014
Sep
NA
3.74
3.44
NA
NA
2.10
2.00
1.50
2014
Total
NA
24.86
27.19
NA
NA
11.1
16
7.5
I
4.1.2 Tile line and oxbow
4.1.2.1 Lyons Creek site
Daily mean discharge from the field tile draining into the Lyons Creek oxbow wetland ranged from 0.0
to 2.2 ft3/s in 2013 (Appendix 2.3). Water did not flow from the tile during the winter in January and
February, 2013. Water began to flow from the tile line on March 9, 2013 (Fig. 5) after a period of above
13
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freezing air temperature. Flow continued the remainder of the spring and into the summer and again
ceased on July 23, 2013 when rainfall was less than normal (Fig. 5). The greatest daily mean discharge
occurred on June 25 (2.2 ft3/s) and May 27, 2013 (2.0 ftVs). Almost 40 percent of the water discharged
(27.2 acre-ft) by the tile line during the study was during the 10 days of these two storm events that
occurred from May 25-30 and from June 24-28, 2013.
05
~C5
C
05
<1)
~C5
C
o
o
<1)
"O
c
03
-------
measured, the additional water most likely originated from overland flow, groundwater inflow, and
Lyons Creek overflow. Water from the oxbow wetland contributed 2.8 percent of the flow recorded in
Lyons Creek during the study.
4.1.2.2 Prairie Creek site
Smeltzer west oxbow-Daily mean discharge from the field tile (site SI) draining into the Smeltzer west
restored oxbow wetland ranged from 0.0 ft3/s to 0.40 ftVs in 2013 and from 0.0 ft3/s to 0.62 ft3/s in 2014
(Appendix 2.6). Water did not flow from the tile in January and February and most days in March 2013.
Flow began on a consistent basis beginning on April 10 and continued the remainder of the spring and
early summer until July 23. No discharge was recorded for the remainder of the summer.
Instrumentation was reinstalled again on March 25 in 2014 but there was no flow until April 30. Flow
then continued through the spring and summer until data collection ended on October 5. The greatest
daily mean discharge (0.40 ft3/s) was recorded on May 27 during a three-day rain event beginning on
May 25th when 3.42 in was recorded at the Prairie Creek site. Thirty-seven percent of the water
discharged by field tile SI during 2013 occurred during two storm events: May 2 to May 11 and June 24
to June 30, 2013. However, in 2014, only 23 percent of the water discharged occurred during the largest
rain event from June 27 to July 10, 2014.
Flow leaving the Smeltzer west restored oxbow wetland (S2) in 2013 generally paralleled that from the
field tile (SI). Water began to flow periodically from the wetland to Prairie Creek in March, 2013
(Appendix 2.7). Discharge from the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland was then continuous from April 10 to
July 9, 2013. Discharge from the oxbow wetland stopped even though small amounts of water (less than
0.10 ft3/s) continued to enter the wetland from the field tile for almost two additional weeks. Discharge
from the wetland did not occur until the following summer. Flow from the Smeltzer west wetland began
on June 17, 2014 during a two-day storm event where more than 2.50 inches fell. Flow from the wetland
began 48 days after water began flowing into the wetland from the field tile. Discharge continued until
July 21 when flow again ceased for 40 days and then resumed on September 1 and continued through
the end of the study. The maximum daily mean discharge from the Smeltzer west wetland in 2014 was
2.32 ft3/s on June 30, 2014.
The measured tile line discharge flowing into the Smeltzer west restored oxbow wetland in 2013 and
2014 was 24.9 acre-ft of water. Of the total amount, 13.8 acre-ft was di scharged in 2013, and 11.1 acre-
ft was discharged in 2014. Water flowing out of the oxbow during the two-year study period was 50
acre-ft of water; twice the amount that entered from the tile line. The additional water probably entered
the oxbow wetland from overland flow and from groundwater inflow. Water from the Smeltzer west
oxbow wetland contributed a very small proportion (0.2 percent in both 2013 and 2014) of the flow
recorded in Prairie Creek during the study.
Smeltzer east oxbow-Due to damage to the weir and control structure, outflow from the Smeltzer east
oxbow (S5) was not quantified. The control box at this site was damaged on installation which did not
allow the weir plates to be installed correctly. This also prevented outflow loads for nutrients to be
calculated at this site. However, the tile inflows can be described and nutrient loads input into Smeltzer
east oxbow can be calculated. Despite the damage, the water nutrient concentrations entering and
leaving Smeltzer east oxbow can be evaluated.
Daily mean discharge from the field tile (site S4) draining into the Smeltzer east restored oxbow wetland
ranged from 0.0 ft3/s to 0.42 ftVs in 2013 and from 0.0 ft3/s to 0.54 ft3/s in 2014 (Appendix 2.9). Water
did not flow from the tile in January and flow was intermittent in February 2013. Flow began on a
consistent basis beginning on March 8 and continued through the remainder of the spring and early
15
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summer, with one interruption from April 3 through April 9. Flow at site S4 ceased on July 23 and no
discharge was recorded for the remainder of the summer. Flow was again measured in 2014 beginning
on March 15. Substantial flow began on April 28 and continued with several short interruptions through
the spring and summer until data collection ended on October 5. The greatest daily mean discharge
(0.417 ft3/s) was recorded on May 27, 2013 during a three-day rain event beginning on May 25th when
3.42 inches was recorded at the Prairie Creek site.
Fifty percent of the water discharged by field tile S4 in 2013 occurred in May. However, in 2014, only
9 percent of the total water discharged occurred in May. The greatest monthly discharge from S4 in
2014 was in June when 42 percent of the total occurred.
4.1.3 Groundwater
The altitude of the water levels in the monitoring wells, Smeltzer west oxbow wetland, and in Prairie
Creek indicated that for much of 2013 there was a gradient from the upland areas across the flood plain
including the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland to Prairie Creek. During the late summer and early fall dry
conditions, the oxbow wetland may have stored water since there was little or no tile inflow (Fig. 5) and
its altitude was higher than in the groundwater (Fig. 6). Water levels were relatively constant during the
winter of 2013-2014 (Appendix 2.10-2.15) and began to rise with the onset of snowmelt in March
2014. The water level in both SW2 (Appendix 2.11) and SW3 (Appendix 2.12) increased 1.0 ft. Water
levels in these wells continued to increase into June, 2014. A more dramatic water level increase
occurred in SW1 than in wells SW2 and SW3 in 2014. Through the winter and early spring the water
level was below the bottom of the SW 1 monitoring well. The water level was first recorded above the
bottom of the well on April 14. The water level continued to increase through the end of the study. The
water level in SW4, the well closest to Prairie Creek, was higher but mirrored the level in the creek (Fig.
6). The difference in water level suggests that Prairie Creek was consistently receiving groundwater
inflow from the adjacent alluvial material in the study area.
- 11 oo
re
O
-Q
1095
O)
o 1085
+-ป
re
1080
Figure 6. Altitude of woter level in groundwoter ond the Smeltzer west oxbow wetlond.
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
2013 - 2014
16
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4.1.4 Streamflow
Lyons Creek
The daily mean discharge in Lyons Creek at site L3 averaged 8.7 ft3/s during 2013. Daily mean
discharge ranged from no flow at the end of the summer to a maximum of 173 ft3/s on May 27, 2013
(Appendix 2.16). A number of rain events resulted in at least five separate stream runoff events in 2013
(Fig. 7). Dry conditions during late summer and fall resulted in no streamflow in Lyons Creek after
August 20, 2013. The total amount of water discharged from the Lyons Creek watershed upstream of
site L3 was 4,570 acre-ft in 2013.
Prairie Creek
Discharge in Prairie Creek at site S3 averaged 24.7 ftVs in 2013 and 15.9 ftVs in 2014 (Appendix 2.17).
As in Lyons Creek, five separate runoff events occurred during spring and early summer in 2013. In
contrast only two large runoff events were recorded in 2014. Less rainfall than normal in July through
August, 2013 (Fig. 4) resulted in no flow conditions beginning on August 28, 2013 and continued
through the end of the 2013 study period in early November (Fig. 7). Normal to below normal
precipitation in January through May 2014 resulted in mean daily flow that was generally less than 5.0
ft3/s and averaged 2.4 ft3/s. The total amount of water discharged from the Prairie Creek watershed
upstream of site S3 was 13,200 acre-ft in 2013 and 6,390 acre-ft in 2014.
- 1 600
CD O
E? % 500
03 (/)
fe 400
=5 ^ 300
m ฃ 200
0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) different in tile discharge entering the Lyons Creek oxbow
wetland than water leaving the wetland in 2013. The median ammonia-N concentration was 0.03 mg/L
in the tile inlet and 0.02 mg/L in the oxbow outlet. Median nitrate-N concentrations were 23 and 21
mg/L in the inlet and outlet, respectively. Although not significant, the median ortho-phosphate
concentration was slightly smaller in water entering (0.13 mg/L) than in the water leaving (0.19 mg/L)
the oxbow wetland. There was no difference in the median total phosphorus concentrations between site
LI and L2 (Table 5).
Prairie Creek (S3)
Lyons Creek (L3)
jliLL jl_
iiiiiiaui hi mi in urn
11111111 iii 1111
iii 11 J.
17
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Table 5. Statistical summary of water quality of discrete samples from streams, tile inflow, and oxbow discharge in the Lyons and Prairie
Creek, IA study areas, 2013-2014.[ *, water flowed through a bioreactor before discharging to the oxbow wetland]
Number
Percentile
Map
of
50
number
Station name
samples
Minimum
25
(median)
75
Maximum
Mean
Ammonia, water, filtered, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
LI
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA
27
<0. 008
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.85
0.10
L2
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA
33
<0. 008
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.41
0.05
L3
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
28
<0. 008
0.03
0.05
0.17
4.7
0.60
SI
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
33
<0. 008
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
S2
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA
29
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.38
0.06
S3
Prairie Creek at Otlio, IA
46
<0. 008
0.04
0.06
0.09
1.5
0.20
S4*
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
37
<0. 008
0.02
0.04
0.32
1.6
0.16
S5
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA
32
0.02
0.04
0.19
0.32
0.53
0.21
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, filtered, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
LI
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA
27
5.9
12
23
46
52
27
L2
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA
33
6.4
14
21
42
52
26
L3
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
28
2.8
7.8
22
31
39
20
SI
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otlio, IA
33
<0.01
15
18
20
27
17
S2
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otlio, IA
29
1.4
4
9.4
11
14
8.2
S3
Prairie Creek at Otlio, IA
46
<0.01
7
16
27
33
17
S4*
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
37
<0.01
1.5
2.7
6.8
19
4.6
S5
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA
32
0.33
1.2
1.7
2.8
4.6
2.1
Total nitrogen (nitrate + nitrite + ammonia + organic-N), water, unfiltered, analytically determined, milligrams per liter
LI
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA
27
7.7
13
24
47
57
29
L2
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA
33
7.9
15
21
42
52
27
L3
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
28
6.0
14
23
32
40
22
SI
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otlio, IA
33
0.03
16
18
21
27
17
S2
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otlio, IA
29
2.5
5.4
10
12
15
9.1
S3
Prairie Creek at Otlio, IA
46
0.98
11
18
27
34
19
S4*
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
37
1.5
3.9
5.0
8.2
18
6.2
S5
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA
32
1.8
2.8
3.4
4.5
5.7
3.6
Ortho-phosphate, water, filtered, milligrams per liter as
phosphorus
LI
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA
27
0.03
0.07
0.13
0.22
0.67
0.19
L2
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA
33
0.05
0.08
0.19
0.22
0.48
0.18
L3
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
28
0.01
0.09
0.21
0.40
4.4
0.76
SI
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otlio, IA
33
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.79
0.07
S2
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otlio, IA
29
0.003
0.01
0.1
0.30
3.6
0.39
S3
Prairie Creek at Otlio, IA
46
0.004
0.02
0.11
0.23
2.2
0.29
S4*
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
37
0.01
0.26
0.88
1.5
3.9
1.1
S5
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA
32
0.02
0.21
0.59
1.1
1.9
0.68
Phosphorus, water, unfiltered, milligrams per liter as phosphorus
LI
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA
27
0.07
0.11
0.23
0.45
1.2
0.36
L2
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA
33
0.09
0.15
0.23
0.43
3.0
0.38
L3
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
28
0.05
0.19
0.43
1.7
5.2
1.4
SI
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otlio, IA
33
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.13
0.81
0.11
S2
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otlio, IA
29
0.02
0.11
0.22
0.83
3.7
0.57
S3
Prairie Creek at Otlio, IA
46
0.02
0.14
0.26
0.72
2.7
0.60
S4*
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
37
0.05
0.37
1.2
2.0
4.7
1.5
S5
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA
32
0.14
0.43
0.85
1.2
3.0
0.95
The range in nitrate-N concentrations during 2013 was similar between the tile line input and output
from the oxbow wetland. Concentrations ranged from less than 10 mg/L in March during snowmelt to
more than 50 mg/L in early May (appendix 3.1).
18
-------
The water quality in Lyons Creek was similar to that of the water entering from the Lyons Creek oxbow
wetland (Appendix 3.1). Significant differences in concentrations of all constituents were found in
March during snowmelt and early spring rains and in concentrations of total phosphorus throughout the
year. Nitrate-N concentrations in samples collected from Lyons Creek (L3) throughout 2013 were not
significantly different than those collected from discharge from the Lyons Creek oxbow (Fig. 8). The
median concentration in the Lyons Creek oxbow wetland outlet (L2) was 21 mg/L and the median
concentration in Lyons Creek at site L3 was 22 mg/L. Median ortho-phosphate and ammonia
concentrations were not significantly different during the year in the oxbow discharge and Lyons Creek.
Concentrations of ammonia-N, ortho-phosphate-P, and total phosphorus in samples collected from
Lyons Creek (L3) in March were substantially greater than in samples collected from the tile (LI) and
oxbow (L2) (Appendix 3.1). The late winter trend in nutrient concentrations suggest that water in Lyons
Creek originates mainly from overland flow from snowmelt and or rain on frozen ground. During late
winter, groundwater through tile line discharge contributed water with small concentrations of nutrients
(Appendix 3.1). Total phosphorus, a constituent usually associated with fine-grained sediment, was
present in significantly greater concentrations in Lyons Creek (site L3) than in the water discharging
from the oxbow wetland (site L2). The median total phosphorus concentration in water outflowing from
the oxbow in 2013 was 0.23 mg/L which compares to a median concentration of 0.43 mg/L in Lyons
Creek.
2.0
E 1.5
E 1.0
0.5
0.0
J5P X
V v" V
Site number
c
_o
60
ro
c
50
o
o
o
40
Z
o3
0
30
'E
Q.
20
CO
Q.
E
re
10
2
E
0
z
vN
o
3
$
O
Whisker, 90th percentile
Upper quartile litฎ, 75th percentile
Ivfedian lire, 50th percentile
lower quartile lire, 25th percentile
Whisker, 10th percentile
Outlier
O
V3
Site number
Figure 8. Summary of concentrations of selected phosphorus and nitrogen species at the Lyons Creek study site, 2013
[The horizontal red line is the drinking water standard. It is supplied for a perspective as to how much the nutrient concentrations in the
water would need to be reduced by water treatment to be consumed as drinking water. Iowa does not currently have numeric criteria for
surface water nutrients.]
19
-------
4.2.1.2 Prairie Creek study area
Quality of water in the Prairie Creek study area-Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in periodic
samples from the tile lines discharging into the Smeltzer east and Smeltzer west oxbow wetlands were
significantly different (P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) during the study. Tile line discharge into Smeltzer
west oxbow contained significantly (P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) greater concentrations of nitrate-N
than in Smeltzer east tile line discharge. Conversely, concentrations of both ortho and total phosphorus
and ammonia-N were significantly greater (P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) in the Smeltzer east tile line
discharge. The nitrate-N concentration at site SI (Table 5) ranged from less than the detection limit of
0.01 mg/L to 27 mg/L with a median concentration of 18 mg/L. The nitrate-N concentration at site S4
(Table 5) ranged from less than the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L to 19 mg/L but only had a median
concentration of 2.7 mg/L. The median concentration of ammonia (0.04 mg/1), ortho-phosphate (0.88
mg/L), and total phosphorus (1.2 mg/L) in Smeltzer east tile line discharge at site S4 was significantly
(P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) greater than the median ammonia (0.01 mg/L), ortho-phosphate (0.02
mg/L)., and total phosphorus (0.03 mg/L) in Smeltzer west tile line discharge at site SI (Fig. 8, Table 5)
Several major differences were noted in the water quality of oxbow inflow in relation to outflow. First,
there was large variability but generally greater ammonia concentrations in outflow than inflow; second,
there were smaller nitrate-N concentrations in outflow than in inflow; and third, greater total phosphorus
concentration in outflow than inflow occurred at only one oxbow.
Water flowing into both Smeltzer east and west oxbow wetlands from the tiles had significantly
(P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) greater ammonia concentrations and significantly (P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank
sum) smaller nitrate-N concentrations than in the water discharging from the oxbow wetlands. The
median ammonia-N concentrations in samples from tile inflow to Smeltzer east oxbow was 0.04 mg/L in
relation to the median concentration of 0.19 mg/L from oxbow discharge (Table 5). At the Smeltzer west
oxbow wetland, the median ammonia concentration was 0.01 mg/L in tile inflow increasing to 0.03
mg/L in oxbow wetland outflow. The median nitrate-N concentration in samples from water leaving
Smeltzer west oxbow (site S2) was about half of the median nitrate-N concentration in samples from
water entering the oxbow from tile discharge (site SI). The median nitrate-N concentration in samples
from S2 was 9.4 mg/L and was 18 mg/1 in samples from SI. Because of the much smaller concentrations
in tile discharge into the Smeltzer east oxbow, the difference between median nitrate-N concentrations
in samples from inflow and outflow was only 1.0 mg/L (Table 5). The median nitrate-N concentration in
samples from S4 was 2.7 mg/L and was 1.7 mg/1 in samples from S5.
Water flowing into both Smeltzer east and west oxbow wetlands from the tiles did not have significantly
(P>0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) different ortho-phosphate concentrations than in the water discharging
from the oxbow wetlands (Fig. 9). However, the difference between inflow and outflow concentrations
of total phosphorus varied between oxbow wetlands. No significant (P>0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum)
differences were found between median total phosphorus concentrations of samples from tile inflow
(S4) and wetland discharge (S5). A significantly (P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum) greater median total
phosphorus concentration occurred in samples from oxbow discharge than in tile line inflow to Smeltzer
west oxbow wetland. The median total phosphorus concentration increased from 0.03 mg/L at site SI to
0.22 mg/L at site S2.
The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus from the Smeltzer east and west oxbow wetlands were
not the same as in Prairie Creek. The median concentrations of nitrate-N in discharge from both the east
and west oxbow wetlands, and the median concentrations of ammonia-N in Smeltzer west oxbow
discharge (S2), were less than the median concentrations in Prairie Creek. Although the median
concentration in samples from Smeltzer east oxbow discharge (S5) was greater than the median
20
-------
concentration of samples from Prairie Creek (S3), the difference was not statistically significant
(P>0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Concentrations of all species other than nitrate-N and total N were
greater in water discharging from Smeltzer east (S5) than in Prairie Creek (S3). Nitrate-N concentrations
were greater in Prairie Creek than in oxbow discharge.
21
-------
2013
2014
2013
2014
1$
2013
E 1.0
2013
40
35
30
_ 25
0)
Z 20
CD
^ 15
(/>
I 10
I 5
1 0
Site number
2014
E 1.0
- 0.5
2014
ฃ 40
ro
35
CD
g 30
o
ฐ _ 25
z oj
ฃ Z 20
ro a)
ฃ 15
ฆM 5
1
ltd
<>^ <ฃy
Site number
- Whisker, 90th percentile
- Upper quartile lirฎ, 75th percentile
- Vfedian line, 50th percentile
- lower quartile lire, 25th percentile
- Whisker, 10th percentile
- Outlier
Figure 9. Summary of concentrations of selected phosphorus and nitrogen species at the Prairie Creek study site, 2013-2014.
[The horizontal red line is the drinking water standard. It is supplied for a perspective as to how much the nutrient concentrations in the
water would need to be reduced by water treatment to be consumed as drinking water. Iowa does not currently have numeric criteria for
surface water nutrients.]
22
-------
4.2.1.3 Groundwater
The water quality in shallow groundwater from the edge of the field downgradient through the oxbow
wetland and the creek varied in the Prairie Creek study area (Table 6). Nitrate-N concentrations
upgradient from the oxbow wetlands were less than 1.0 mg/L (Fig. 10). Water adjacent and upgradient
(SW2 and SW6) to the oxbow wetland had little or no detectable nitrate-N (Table 6). In contrast, water
adjacent to and downgradient from (SW3 and SW7) the oxbow wetlands had a substantial (more than
3.0 mg/L) amount of nitrate-N. Water from the most downgradient wells (SW4 and SW8) nearest Prairie
Creek had very different nitrate-N concentrations. The nitrate-N concentration in SW4 was 10.6 mg/L
and in SW8 was 0.04 mg/L). Water in both SW2 and SW6 had low dissolved oxygen concentrations
(less than 1.5 mg/L) and elevated ammonia-N concentrations (0.406 mg/L and 1.38 mg/L); evidence that
denitrification was occurring in the shallow aquifer upgradient from the oxbow wetlands.
23
-------
Table 6. Water quality of samples from the Prairie Creek study area monitoring wells
[mg/L, milligrams per liter: uS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius: ฐC, degrees Celsius: N, nitrogen: P, phosphorus]
Depth
to
water.
Dissolved
feet
Dissolved
ortho-
Total
Total
Well
Station
below
Dissolved
pH.
Specific
Water
ammonia
Dissolved nitrate
phosphate
phosphorus
nitrogen
number
identification
Sample
Sample
land
oxygen
standard
conductance
temperature
as N
plus nitrite as N
as P
as P
as N
(table)
number
date
time
surface
(mg/L)
units
(uS/cm)
(ฐC)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
Upgradient from Smelzer west oxbow
SW1
422436094082901
6/10/2014
835
7.75
8.1
7.1
724
9.5
<0.024
0.147
0.022
0.248
0.56
SW1
422436094082901
10/8/2014
825
5.39
7.7
7.1
750
14.0
SW2
422436094082801
6/10/2014
900
4.56
0.8
7.0
768
9.2
0.406
0.033
0.028
0.063
0.68
SW2
422436094082801
10/8/2014
840
3.28
1.1
7.0
756
13.6
Dowtigradient from Smeltzer west oxbow
SW3
422437094082701
6/10/2014
915
5.33
8.0
7.1
1090
10.2
0.034
3.15
0.030
0.054
3.29
SW3
422437094082701
10/8/2014
900
4.13
7.9
7.0
1090
14.3
SW4
422437094082501
6/10/2014
945
4.53
1.5
7.1
804
9.7
<0.02
10.6
0.086
0.113
10.8
SW4
422437094082501
10/8/2014
910
3.02
1.2
7.0
952
14.1
Upgradient from Smeltzer east oxbow
SW5
422432094082001
10/8/2014
925
7.83
8.1
7.5
629
13.7
SW6
422433094081901
6/10/2014
1015
5.62
1.4
7.1
856
9.3
1.38
0.017
0.082
0.118
1.74
SW6
422433094081901
10/8/2014
935
3.97
1.0
7.1
841
13.7
Dowtigradient from Smeltzer east oxbow
SW7
422433094081802
6/10/2014
1030
8.05
4.9
7.0
960
9.7
0.003
8.76
0.028
0.036
8.81
SW7
422433094081802
10/8/2014
945
7.37
0.6
6.9
941
14.2
SW8
422433094081601
6/10/2014
1045
4.18
8.9
8.5
375
20.4
0.027
0.039
0.056
0.07
0.29
SW8
422433094081601
10/8/2014
1000
3.63
3.6
7.0
774
15.0
24
-------
ow
SW4
>W7
Monitoring wells o 250 500 1,000 Feet
Nitrate concentration i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
O 0-1,0
O greater than 1.0 to 5.0
O greater than 5.0
Figure 10. Nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen concentrations (mg/L) in monitoring wells in the Prairie Creek study area, June 10, 2014
Phosphorus concentrations in the shallow groundwater in the Prairie Creek study area on June 10, 2014
varied to a lesser degree than did nitrate-N concentrations. Ortho-phosphate concentrations ranged from
0.022 mg/L to 0.086 mg/L and total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.036 mg/L to 0.248 mg/L
(Table 6). Total phosphorus concentrations generally were greater in samples from monitoring wells
upgradient from the oxbow wetlands (Table 6). The greatest total phosphorus concentration was in a
sample from the most upgradient monitoring well (SW1) at the edge of the field (Table 6).
4.2.2 Automatic storm samples
A subset of the periodic samples were collected using automatic samplers during a number of storm
events early in 2013. Samples were collected at sites in the Lyons Creek study area during storm events
on April 13-16 and June 24-27. One inch of rain was recorded on April 14 and 15 (Appendix 2.1) and
2.65 inches of rain was recorded on June 24-26. Most of the rain (2.55 inches) recorded during the
second event fell on June 24 (Appendix 2.1).
The first event samples were collected in early May in the Prairie Creek study area when a total of 1.8
inches of rain fell from April 30 through May 2 (Appendix 2.2). Samples were collected during a more
intense rainfall event when 1.30 inches and 0.74 inches fell on June 24 and 25, 2013.
4.2.2.1 Lyons Creek storm flow
Samples were collected automatically from the April and June storm events from tile inflow (LI) and
25
-------
discharge (L2) from the Lyons Creek oxbow wetland. Flow into the wetland (LI) increased on April 14
from 0.09 ftVs at 0600 hours to 0.31 ft3/s at 1900 hours (Fig. 11). Inflow gradually decreased the
following two days to 0.12 ft3/s. Outflow from the wetland at site L2 was only slightly greater than the
amount entering from the tile line at site LI. Wetland discharge increased during the storm event from
0.13 ft/s early on April 14 to a maximum of 0.32 ftVs at 1900 hours on April 14. Flow leaving the Lyons
Creek oxbow wetland during the April 13-16 event averaged only 13 percent greater than water entering
the wetland from the tile line.
Inflow from the tile line increased rapidly from 0.06 ft3/s to the maximum of 2.5 ftVs on June 24.
Discharge from the tile line remained greater than 2.0 ftVs until early on June 26 before beginning a
steady decline. Flow exceeded the capacity (more than 8.0 ftVs) of the flume at the oxbow wetland (L2)
during the large storm event on June 24 to 27, 2013.
4.2.2.2 Lyons Creek storm water quality
Although there were small differences, concentration of ammonia-N, nitrate-N, ortho-phosphate, and
total phosphorus were similar in the Lyons Creek tile-line discharge (LI) and the oxbow wetland outlet
(L2) during a storm in April 2013 (Fig. 11). Ammonia-N concentrations in tile discharge ranged from
less than detection to 0.09 mg/L while ammonia-N concentrations in oxbow wetland discharge ranged
from less than detection to 0.02 mg/L. Nitrate-N concentrations in the tile discharge decreased from 12
mg/L to 6.5 mg/L with the initial increase in discharge on April 14. Concentrations then were from 14
mg/L to 22 mg/1 through April 16. Nitrate-N concentrations in wetland discharge also ranged from 14
mg/L to 21 mg/L through the event. Concentrations of ortho-phosphate and total phosphorus were
essentially the same in wetland inflow (LI) and outflow (L2) during this storm event (Fig. 11).
Sufficient samples from the wetland inflow (LI) were not available to document changes in nutrient
concentrations between the inflow (LI) and outflow from Lyons Creek oxbow wetland during the initial
part of the large rain event on June 24-27, 2013. Samples were not collected from the tile-line discharge
during the initial increase in flow that corresponds to samples collected from wetland discharge on June
24. Data suggest that much of the water leaving the wetland on June 24 may have been from overbank
flow from Lyons Creek. The level of Lyons Creek rose 5.0 ft from 1000 to 1600 hours on June 24, most
likely overflowing the stream bank into the upper part of the oxbow wetland. With the exception of
ortho-phosphate, the level and pattern of ammonia-N, nitrate-N, and total phosphorus concentrations in
the wetland discharge (L2) was similar to that in Lyons Creek (L3).
26
-------
05 ง
0.3 s=
0) CD
cd .a)
25 26
June 2013
14 15 16
April 2013
50.0 =
40.0
i) 6.0
cd a;
CD .aj 4 0
14 15 16
April 2013
25 26
June 2013
ง 0.8
CD CD
CD
CD CD
14 15 16
April 2013
25 26
June 2013
CD .CD
b .E
10.0
1 9.0
ง 8.0
u> 7.0
g. 6 0
50
cd m 4 0
<5-g 3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
S o
b .g
;
-
-
j
jij
-
ฆ*
i) \
7-J
K;
~ -j
14 15 16
April 2013
24
25 26
June 2013
27
28
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
E
ra
o>
L1 discharge
L2 discharge
L1 concentration
L2 concentration
L3 concentration
Figure 11. Flow and concentrations of selected nitrogen and phosphorus species in tile line inflow (LI) and discharge from (L2) the Lyons
Creek oxbow wetland during two storm events in 2013. [Note; flow exceeded capacity of weir (flat hydrograph) at site L2 on June 24,
2013]
4.2.2.3 Prairie Creek study area storm flow
A subset of the periodic samples were collected using automatic samplers during two storm events early
in 2013. The first event samples were collected in early May in the Prairie Creek study area when a total
of 1.8 inches of rain fell from April 30 through May 2 (Appendix 2.2). Samples were collected during a
27
-------
more intense rainfall event when 1.30 in and 0.74 inches fell on June 24 and 25, 2013, respectively
(Appendix 2.2).
Rainfall in the Prairie Creek study area during the first storm event corresponded with a gradual increase
in flow into the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland from the field tile (SI). Inflow increased from 0.02 ftVs
on May 1, 2013 to 0.24 ft3/s on May 2. Flow peaked two days later on May 4 at 0.43 ft3/s before
steadily decreasing to 0.10 on May 7 (Fig. 12). The amount of water leaving Smeltzer west oxbow
wetland initially increased in a similar pattern as that of the tile-line inflow. The amount of water leaving
the oxbow wetland (S2) averaged 40 percent more than the amount entering from the tile line (SI) on
May 1 to 3. Oxbow discharge was relatively constant in the 0.20 to 0.30 ft3/s range the remainder of the
event (Fig. 12) even as tile inflow peaked on May 4 and declined through May 7.
An intensive storm event beginning on June 23 and ending on June 25 produced 2.29 inches (Appendix
2.2) of rain in the Prairie Creek study area. Tile flow into the wetland increased rapidly on June 24 from
0.026 ft3/s at 1000 hours to a peak flow of 0.50 ft3/s at 1420 hours. Flow then steadily decreased until
additional rain fell the following day when tile4ine discharge again rapidly increased to 0.50 ft3/s at
0600 hours. Similar to tile inflow, outflow from the Smeltzer west oxbow increased rapidly with the
onset of rain on June 24. However, the peak outflow (3.05 ft3/s) on June 24 was substantially greater
than the tile-line inflow and occurred three hours later than the peak tile inflow. Rainfall on June 25
produced an additional smaller peak (1.29 ftVs) in the oxbow wetland discharge (S2).
4.2.2.4 Prairie Creek study area storm water quality
The water quality of tile-line and oxbow wetland discharge began to change soon after the onset of a
significant rain event. As the rate of discharge increased, concentrations of ammonia-N, nitrate-N, ortho-
phosphate, and total phosphorus also changed. However, the direction and magnitude of change was not
always the same in the water entering the oxbow wetland as in the water leaving the wetland. Also the
pattern of change in concentration was similar between inflow and outflow water during a small May
event but was very different during a substantial event in June.
At the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland, concentrations of ammonia-N, ortho-phosphate, and total
phosphorus initially increased with increased discharge on May 2 (Fig. 12). In water entering the oxbow
wetland, ammonia concentrations increased slightly from 0.02 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L and then were
variable during the remainder of the event (Fig. 12). The increase in phosphorus concentrations (both
ortho and total phosphorus) were delayed several hours from that of ammonia. Orthophosphorus
increased from 0.01 mg/L before the rain event to a maximum of 0.18 mg/L on May 2. Similarity, total
phosphorus concentrations increased from 0.02 mg/L on May 1 to a maximum concentration of 0.29
mg/L on May 2. In contrast, nitrate-N concentrations in the tile-line discharge (SI) decreased from 22
mg/L before the rain on May 1 to 15 mg/L four days later on May 5. Generally the pattern of
phosphorus concentrations in water leaving the oxbow wetland (S2) was the same as water entering the
wetland at site SI with ortho-phosphate concentrations increasing from less than detection to 0.10 mg/L
and total phosphorus concentrations increasing from 0.10 mg/L to 0.21 mg/L. During the May 1 to 6
event, ammonia-N and nitrate-N concentrations in oxbow wetland discharge (S2) either remained
relatively constant or decreased.
During a large rain event on June 24 to 27, 2013, concentrations of ammonia-N, ortho-phosphate, and
total phosphorus in both tile-line inflow and wetland discharge decreased with the onset of the rain
event. After the initial decrease, concentrations in tile-line discharge (SI) remained relativly constant but
concentrations in the wetland discharge varied with discharge during the remainder of the event. The
average concentration of ammonia-N, ortho-phosphate, and total phosphorus in samples from wetland
28
-------
discharge (S2) were several times greater than the average concentrations of water entering the wetland
from the tile line (SI).
The pattern of nitrate-N concentrations in tile line inflow and wetland discharge was opposite of the
other nutrients sampled. Rather than intially decreasing with the onset of the event, nitrate-N
concentrations in tile line discharge (SI) increased from 12 mg/L to 14 mg/L on June 24. Nitrate-N
concentrations in the wetland discharge (S2) decreased from 10.0 mg/L to 8.3 mg/L with the onset of the
rain event before increasing to a peak concentration of 12 mg/L that corresponded to the peak discharge
(Fig. 12). After peaking on June 24, nitrate-N concentrations decreased as flow from the oxbow
decreased.
The concentrations of all nitrogen and phosphorus species in water leaving the Smeltzer west oxbow
(S2) initially decreased with the increase in discharge and then increased substantially peaking with the
peak outflow on June 24. A similar concentration pattern occurred during a secondary discharge peak on
June 25.
29
-------
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0.08
0.06
0.04
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0 .2
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E Js o
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5
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: fc.
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-
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/ ft \
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* \
-
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ro ro
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24
25 26
27
28
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0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
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;
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20 g
. r- Vt
15? E
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Q .ฃ
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5.0 -g
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0 0
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51 Flow
52 Flow
51 Concentration
52 Concentration
4 5
May 2013
0) CD
= D)
E ra ~
Q .ฃ
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-
V
L
y\
Ik
: J
T1
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= -9
Q .ฃ
25 26 27
June 2013
1.0
0.8
0.6-
0.4 a fe
0.2
0.0
28
0.8 in
0.3 H
JH E
Figure 12. Flow and concentrations of selected nitrogen and phosphorus species in tile line inflow (SI) and discharge from (S2) the
Smeltzer west oxbow wetland during two storm events in May 2013
4.2.3 Continuous nitrate-N monitoring
Nitrate-N concentrations were monitored continuously for 102 days beginning on February 8 and ending
on August 27, 2013 when flow ceased in Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA. Nitrate-N concentrations
30
-------
were not measured in the Lyons Creek study area in 2014 due to funding limitations. Nitrate-N
concentrations were measured continuously during both 2013 and 2014 at the inflow (SI) and outflow
(S2) to Smeltzer west oxbow and in Prairie Creek (S3). Water discharged from the tile drain (SI) into
the Smeltzer west oxbow almost twice as many days as water drained (S2) from the oxbow to Prairie
Creek during the study period (Table 7). As in Lyons Creek, measurement of nitrate-N concentrations
ended when flow in Prairie Creek ceased on August 28, 2013. Continuous nitrate-N measurements
resumed the following spring on March 20, 2014 after the ice was gone from the stream. Nitrate-N
concentrations were measured in the inflow (S4) and outflow (S5) from the Smeltzer East oxbow only
during 2014 (Table 7).
Table 7. Statistical summary of daily mean nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen from streams, tile inflow, and oxbow discharge continuously
measured in the Lyons and Prairie Creek, IA study areas, 2013-2014
Percentile
Number 50
of days Minimum 25 (median) 75 Maximum Mean
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
L3
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
#102
11.8
28.0
33.0
36.0
41.0
32.0
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho,
SI
IA
169
14.0
18.0
19.7
21.2
27.5
19.9
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho,
S2
IA
85
1.79
4.32
5.68
9.39
13.3
6.61
S3
Prairie Creek at Otho, IA
272
0.07
1.11
9.78
21.5
32.2
11.5
S4
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA
*95
0.07
4.00
10.9
14.4
23.6
9.62
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho,
S5
IA
*50
0.40
0.72
0.81
1.76
4.35
1.34
# 2013 only
* 2014 only
Site
number Station name
4.2.3.1 Lyons Creek study site
Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in Lyons Creek varied with streamflow during the spring and early
summer growing season and then decreased as flow decreased during late summer. Daily mean nitrate-
N concentrations ranged from 41 mg/L on May 15 in spring to 11.8 mg/L when flow in Lyons Creek
ceased at the end of August (Appendix 3.2). The median daily mean nitrate-N concentration for the
sampled period was 33 mg/L. Nitrate-N concentrations decreased substantially during four high-flow
periods in 2013. During a five-day period from May 1 to 5, when daily mean discharge increased from
6.8 to 61 ft3/s, the mean daily nitrate-N concentration decreased slightly from 38 to 30 mg/L. A more
substantial decrease in mean daily nitrate-N concentration occurred during the largest flow of the year.
The mean daily nitrate-N concentration decreased from 41 mg/L when mean daily discharge was 8.1
ft3/s on May 24 to 23 mg/L on May 27 when flow peaked at 173 ft3/s. Daily mean nitrate-N
concentration temporarily decreased by 22 mg/L during a high-flow event on June 23 to 28 and
temporarily decreased by 14 mg/L during the last high flow event on July 7 to 12. Nitrate-N
concentrations returned to pre-storm event levels several days after the peak discharge occurred. During
the remainder of July and August as flow decreased, nitrate-N concentrations also decreased from more
than 30 to 12 mg/L (Fig. 13).
31
-------
Nitrate-N
Discharge
August
Q .ฃ
2013
Figure 13. Daily mean nitrate plus nitrite-N concentration and daily mean discharge in Lyons Creek (L3)
During the period when there was flow in Lyons Creek, the daily nitrate-N load (Appendix 3.2) ranged
from less than 0.01 tons per day at the end of August to 11 tons per day on May 27, 2013 when stream
discharge was the greatest (Fig. 13). A total of 137 tons were transported past site L3 during the May
through August period in 2013. Sixty-four percent of this total was transported in Lyons Creek during
May; 90 percent of the total measured nitrate-N load was transported in May and June.
4.2.3.2 Prairie Creek study site
4.2.3.2.1 Smeltzer west oxbow wetland
Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in water from the tile line discharging to the Smeltzer west oxbow
wetland (SI) ranged from 14.0 mg/L to 27.5 mg/L during the study (Fig. 14; Appendix 3.3). Water
leaving the Smeltzer west oxbow had variable daily mean nitrate-N concentrations (Appendix 3.4).
Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations at site S2 ranged from 1.8 mg/L to 13.3 mg/L. Overall, daily mean
nitrate-N concentrations at site S2 were substantially less in 2014 (median of 4.9 mg/L) than in 2013
(median of 10.7 mg/L). Nitrate-N concentrations in tile inflow to the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland were
substantially greater than the nitrate-N concentrations in water discharged from the wetland. The
average daily mean nitrate-N concentration for the sampled period was 19.7 mg/L in the tile-line
discharge at site SI and was 5.65 mg/L in the oxbow wetland discharge at site S2. The difference in
nitrate-N concentration between inflow and outflow in Smeltzer west oxbow wetland was greater in
2014. The difference in average concentration between inflow and outflow in 2014 (15.3 mg/L) was
twice that in 2013 (7.2 mg/L).
32
-------
40
Tile inflow (S1)
Oxbow discharge (S2)
Prairie Creek (S3)
30
20
10
0
\ \ %
4* 4* J <ฆ* -ft O
2013-2014
Figure 14. Daily mean nitrate plus nitrite concentration in Smeltzer west oxbow wetland inflow (SI), outflow (S2), and in the receiving
stream, Prairie Creek (S3)
The average daily nitrate-N load discharging from the tile line (SI) into the Smeltzer west oxbow ranged
from 0.0 lb/day on days of no flow to more than 74 lb/day (Appendix 3.3) on June 30, 2014. The
average daily nitrate-N load leaving the oxbow ranged from 0.0 lb/day (Appendix 3.4) on days of no
flow to 55 lb/day on June 30, 2014. The maximum daily loads in both the inflow and outflow of
Smeltzer west oxbow occurred after a substantial rain event.
The total measured nitrate-N load discharged from the Smeltzer west oxbow (S2) during the study was
381 lb, while the total measured load flowing into the oxbow from the tile line (SI) was 825 lb. Most
(79 percent) of the nitrate-N load entered the oxbow during early summer in June and July. A similar
pattern was observed in nitrate-N transport out of the oxbow. The measured nitrate-N load discharged
from the oxbow in June and July was 88 percent of the total measured for the study. There was a 70
percent reduction in the measured mass of nitrate-N that entered and the mass that left the oxbow in June
and July. Throughout the entire study period the reduction was 54 percent.
4.2.3.2.2 Smeltzer east oxbow wetland
Although continuous nitrate-N data were only collected in 2014, daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in
water entering the Smeltzer east oxbow from tile-line were much more variable and had smaller
concentrations than tile-line discharge into Smeltzer west oxbow. This pattern of concentrations was
similar to that in Prairie Creek.
Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in water entering the Smeltzer east oxbow wetland in 2014 ranged
from 0.07 mg/L to 23.6 mg/L with a median daily concentration of 10.9 mg/L (Appendix 3.5). In
comparison, daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in water leaving the Smeltzer east oxbow wetland were
substantially less than in the tile discharge and ranged from 0.04 mg/L to 4.35 mg/L with a median
concentration of 0.81 mg/L (Appendix 3.6). The greatest nitrate-N concentrations in tile inflow and
wetland outflow were in June. Nitrate-N concentration in tile discharge decreased in late June and July
as rainfall decreased below normal but then increased again in August when rainfall was greater than
normal.
The range of nitrate-N concentrations of water discharging from the Smeltzer east tile-line were similar
to that of Prairie Creek in 2014. Daily mean nitrate-N concentrations in tile discharge at site S4 ranged
from 0.07 to 23.6 mg/L and in Prairie Creek at site S3 ranged from 0.07 mg/L to 32.2 mg/L. The median
33
-------
nitrate-N concentration at site S4 (10.9 mg/L) was slightly greater than at S3 (9.78 mg/L).
O
-41
03
>s E
1ง ฃ
~o O)
CO
0
40
30
20
10
: 1 1
Prairie Creek (S3)
Tile inflow (S4)
~ Oxbow discharge (S5)
. ^ i i
\
II -
May
June
July
August
2014
4.2.3.2.3 Prairie Creek
The nitrate-N concentration in Prairie Creek was highly variable during the study. The daily mean
nitrate-N concentration varied from 0.07 in August to 32.2 mg/L in June 2013 (Appendix 3.7). In 2014,
the daily mean nitrate-N concentration ranged from 0.17 mg/L in April to 26.7 mg/L in July (Appendix
3.7). The median daily nitrate-N concentration during the two-year study was 9.78 mg/L (Table 7).
The nitrate-N concentration in Prairie Creek varied both seasonally and with stream discharge (Fig. 16).
Concentrations increased during the spring and generally were the greatest during June and July. The
maximum daily mean nitrate-N concentration was 32.2 mg/L in June 2013 as compared to a smaller
maximum concentration of 26.7 mg/L in July, 2014. Concentrations then generally decreased through
late summer as streamflow decreased. Flow in Prairie Creek ceased at the end of August 2013 and did
not resume before monitoring was discontinued for the winter. During August 2014, a number of rains
occurred (Appendix 2.2) which caused flow in Prairie Creek to again increase. A rise in concentrations
occurred along with the flow increases until nitrate-N concentrations stabilized around 20 mg/L (Fig.
16) during the remainder of 2014 until monitoring was discontinued in October. The daily mean nitrate-
N concentration responded to increased streamflow in two distinct patterns. Generally in the late winter
and spring, an increase in streamflow was accompanied by an increase in nitrate-N concentrations. In
summer, substantial increases in streamflow were initially accompanied by a decrease in nitrate-N
concentrations. As streamflow peaked, nitrate-N concentrations again began to increase (Fig. 16).
Nitrate-N concentrations in Prairie Creek were substantially less than in Lyons Creek in 2013. The
average daily mean nitrate-N concentration in Prairie Creek (15.0 mg/L) was 47 percent of that in Lyons
Creek (32.0 mg/L). The maximum daily nitrate-N concentration in Prairie Creek was 32.0 mg/L and the
maximum daily-N concentration in Lyons Creek was 41.0 mg/L.
34
-------
500
CO
400
CD
O)
300
o
cn
ฆa 200
03
CD
i
H'
V)
30 o
500
100
6/1/2013 7/1/2013 8/1/2013 8/31/2013 10/1/2013
400
CD
O)
300
o
(/)
ฆa 200
03
CD
&_
0)
V,
100
4/1/2014 5/17/2014 7/3/2014 8/19/2014 10/5/2014
2013
~ Stream discharge
- Nitrate-N concentratior
2014
Figure 16. Daily mean discharge and nitrate nitrogen concentration in Prairie Creek, 2013-14 [ft3/s, cubic feet per second: mg/L,
milligrams per liter: N, nitrogen]
The nitrate-N load in Prairie Creek was measured for only part of 2013. The total measured load (June
through September) in 2013 was 77.5 tons. In 2014 when the nitrate-N concentration was measured
from March through September, the nitrate-N load was 144 tons. These yearly loads resulted in
measured yield in the Prairie Creek watershed of 8.7 lb/acre/yr in 2013 and 16.0 lb/acre/yr in 2014.
Much of the measured nitrate-N was transported during early summer. Seventy-seven percent (111 tons)
of the total nitrogen (144 tons) measured in Prairie Creek from March through September, 2014 was
transported in June and July (Appendix 3.7).
5.0 Discussion
Results of this study show that nutrient load reduction occurred in oxbow wetlands in Lyons and Prairie
Creek watersheds in north-central Iowa but efficiency of reduction was variable. In addition to
biological processing, the study results suggest that overland and groundwater flow may factor into the
nutrient reduction in the restored oxbow wetland.
The study data suggest that little nutrient reduction occurred in the native Lyons Creek oxbow during
2013. Concentrations of all nutrient constituents (Table 5) were not significantly (P>0.05, Wilcoxon
rank sum) different in water discharging from the tile line than in water leaving the Lyon Creek oxbow.
A combination of physical features and flow conditions suggest that the residence time of water in the
oxbow may not have been sufficient to allow for removal of substantial amounts of nutrients. Tile line
discharge entered the wetland midpoint in the wetland and flowed the remainder of the distance to the
oxbow outlet in a channel formed in the wetland vegetation. This channel allowed the tile line water to
move rapidly to the oxbow outlet. In 2013, almost twice as much water flowed out of Lyons Creek
oxbow (129 acre-ft) than entered it (69 acre-ft) from the tile discharge. Flow and nutrient concentrations
of the tile line discharge (LI) outflow from the Lyons Creek oxbow were essentially the same during a
relatively small rain event on April 14, 2013 (Fig. 11). This response suggests that water and nutrients
moved rapidly unchanged through the Lyons Creek oxbow.
Because of its proximity to Lyons Creek, the oxbow was susceptible to inundation during periods of
streambank overflow. Water from both Lyons Creek and the tile line discharge may be flushed from the
oxbow during inundation allowing little time for nutrient processing. This was illustrated by conditions
35
-------
during a large runoff event in June 2013 (Fig. 11) when a large part of the flow from the oxbow
originated from flood flow and nutrient concentrations were similar to those in Lyons Creek.
A measureable reduction in nitrate-N loads occurred through a restored oxbow in the Prairie Creek
watershed in 2013 and 2014. However, the results of this study raised additional questions on the impact
of groundwater and overland flow on the nutrient reduction efficiency of the wetland.
The tile-line water flowing into the oxbow wetland transported about 770 lb of nitrate-N during the two-
year monitoring effort (Table 8). During this same period, only about 380 lb of nitrate-N were
transported in water discharging directly into Prairie Creek. The nitrate-N reduction of slightly more
than 50 percent was at least partially due to uptake by algae and plants in the oxbow wetland and
possibly denitrification in bottom sediments.
Because nitrate-N was continuously monitored for only part of 2013, the amount of nitrate-N measured
flowing into and out of the Smeltzer west oxbow was much less in 2013 than in 2014. In 2013, flow was
measured from June 1 until the tile line went dry on July 23. The amount of water flowing into the
oxbow wetland from the tile line (SI) averaged 0.01 ft3/s during the monitoring period in 2013 and
averaged 0.03 ft3/s during the monitoring period in 2014 (Table 8). A total of 2.75 acre-ft in 2013 and
11.9 acre-ft in 2014 entered the oxbow wetland from the tile line. The water flowing from the tile line
transported an average of 0.91 lb/day in 2013 and 3.3 lb/day in 2014.
Table 8. Inflow and outflow of water and nitrate nitrogen in the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland in relation to flow in Prairie Creek, 2013
and 2014
Monitoring
period
Tile inflow (site SI)
Oxbow wetland outflow (site S2)
Prairie Creek (site S3)
Water
Nitrate-N
Water
Nitrate-N
Water
Nitrate-N
Avera
ge
daily
flow
(ft3/s)
Total
flow
(acre ft)
Avera
ge
daily
(lb/day
)
Total
transport
ed (lb)
Avera
ge
daily
flow
(ft3/s)
Total
flow
(acre ft)
Avera
ge
daily
(lb/da
y)
Total
trans
porte
d (lb)
Avera
ge
daily
flow
(ft3/s)
Total
flow
(acre ft)
Avera
ge
daily
(lb/da
y)
Total
transpor
ted (lb)
6/20-2013 -
11/3/2013
0.01
2.75
0.91
125
0.02
5.73
1.11
152
9.28
2,522
1,130
155,300
3/25/2014 -
10/05/2014
0.03
11.94
3.3
642
0.04
17.22
1.19
229
16.5
6,280
1,500
287,200
Both
monitoring
periods
0.02
14.69
2.31
767
0.04
22.95
1.15
381
13.5
8,802
1,340
442,500
The amount of water and nitrate-N flowing into the Smeltzer west restored oxbow wetland was not the
same as that discharging from the oxbow wetland directly into Prairie Creek. Flow leaving the oxbow
was greater than the tile-line discharge during the study. Aboutl4.7 acre-ft of water was measured
entering the oxbow wetland from the tile line and almost 23 acre-ft of water was measured leaving the
oxbow wetland (Table 8). The additional water likely entered the wetland from other sources that may
include groundwater and overland flow during storms.
Differences between inflow and outflow of water and nitrate-N in the Smeltzer west oxbow during large
storm events suggest other nutrient transport pathways also may play a role in the oxbow reduction of
36
-------
nutrient loads. During large storm events, more water was measured flowing from the oxbow wetland
than entering from the tile line. The additional water entering the oxbow did not carry a proportional
amount of nitrate-N; the amount of nitrate-N leaving during the events was similar or less than what
entered from the tile line. Two examples, a rain event from June 20 to June 30 in 2013 and a second
event from June 25 to July 5, 2014, illustrate the impact of rainfall on the transport of nitrate-N through
the oxbow wetland (Fig. 17). During both storm events, more than twice as much water flowed out of
the oxbow wetland directly into Prairie Creek than entered the oxbow from the tile line. At the same
time, similar or smaller amounts of nitrate-N were transported out of the wetland than entered from the
tile line (Fig. 17). During the 2013 storm event, 2.24 acre-ft of water with 106 lb of nitrate-N was
discharged by the tile line (SI) and 4.75 acre-ft of water with 123 lb of nitrate-N flowed from the oxbow
wetland (S2) to Prairie Creek. The pattern of nitrate-N transport was repeated during the June 25 to July
5 storm in 2014 when 4.24 acre ft of water with 270 lb of nitrate-N was discharged by the tile line (SI)
and 9.34 acre-ft of water and 113 lb of nitrate-N discharged (S2) from the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland
into Prairie Creek. These results suggest that during large rain events, substantial amounts of additional
dilute (in relation to nitrate-N) water entered the oxbow wetland. The source of this additional water was
most likely from rainfall runoff that flows directly into the oxbow wetland. Because of the grassy buffer
adjacent to the wetland, rainfall runoff would likely transport little nitrate-N from the land surface to the
oxbow wetland.
cu
o
cs
CD
O)
O
tn
~o
Q
L
-D ^ ^
ฐ7 % ฐ7 %
CD
.CD
O
CS
CD
O)
O
tn
'~o
'cs
Q
Date
Tile inflow (S1)
Oxbow discharge (S2)
Figure 17. Daily Inflow from a tile line (SI) and outflow (S2) of water and nitrate from the Smeltzer west restored oxbow wetland2013
and 2014.
37
-------
During dry conditions during the summer, discharge from the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland ended
while inflow from the tile line continued. This occurred during a 13-day period from July 10 through
July 22 in 2013 and during two periods in 2014; May 7 through June 16 and July 22 through August
31 (Appendix 2.6 and Appendix 2.7). A small amount of water (90 ft3) with an average nitrate-N
concentration of 18.2 mg/L discharged from the tile line (SI) during the July 10 through July 22 2013
period resulted in only 3.7 lb entering the oxbow wetland. During the May 7 through June 16 period in
2014, 43,800 ft3 of water with an average nitrate-N concentration of 19.3 mg/L discharged from the tile
line. Fifty- three lb of nitrate-N entered the oxbow wetland without any nitrogen being discharged
directly into Prairie Creek. During the second period, 19,400 ft3 of water with an average nitrate-N
concentration of 20.6 mg/L discharged from the tile line. Eighteen lb of nitrate-N entered the oxbow
wetland during this period. The water entering from the tile line was stored in the oxbow wetland during
these periods but some may have evaporated or seeped into a hydrologically connected shallow water-
table aquifer.
Seepage of water and nitrate-N into the underlying aquifer may be another possible transport process
involved in nutrient reduction in the wetland. A groundwater gradient (Fig. 6) across the Smeltzer west
oxbow suggests water was seeping from the wetland into the shallow groundwater. The lack of nitrate-N
in an upgradient well (SW2) and the presence of substantial nitrate-N concentrations in the
downgradient well (SW3) (Table 6) show that additional nitrate-N may be transported to the shallow
groundwater which flows into Prairie Creek. Analysis of the groundwater component was beyond the
scope of this project, but a one-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model may provide additional
information to help quantify the oxbow seepage and nitrate-N transport to Prairie Creek.
Discharge from the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland contributes a small amount of water and nitrate-N in
relation to that measured in Prairie Creek at the study site. The total flow entering Prairie Creek from
the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland during the two monitoring periods was 22.95 acre feet; approximately
0.3 percent of the flow (8,800 acre ft) measured in Prairie Creek. Similarly, the amount of nitrate-N in
Prairie Creek originating from the Smeltzer west oxbow wetland (381 lb.) was 0.09 percent of the total
transported in Prairie Creek. The tile line discharge, if flowing directly into the creek, would have
contributed 0.2 percent of the total measured in Prairie Creek.
6.0 Conclusion
The results of the study provide important information to managers and land owners that are looking for
strategies to reduce nutrient transport from agricultural fields. This study showed that 54 percent less
nitrate-N was measured leaving the Smeltzer west oxbow than was measured entering from a 6-inch
field tile. Little apparent nutrient reduction was seen in the Lyons Creek oxbow due to the short
residence time of the tile line discharge and flushing due to stream flooding. This study provided
answers on the efficiency of nutrient removal while generating additional questions on the importance of
overland and groundwater flow on the ability of oxbow wetlands to mitigate nutrient discharge to
streams. These questions identified the need for additional study of the overland and groundwater
components of nutrient transport into and through an oxbow wetland. The Smeltzer west restored oxbow
was able to partially remove nitrate-N in water from a small field tile. Additional research is necessary
to understand how increased discharge from larger field tiles and drainage district mains may influence
the efficiency of nutrient reduction in relation to the size, type, and landscape setting of an oxbow
wetland.
38
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7.0 References cited
Bakevich, B.D., Pierce, C.L., and Quist, M.C., 2013, Habitat, fish species, and fish assemblage
associations of the Topeka Shiner in West-Central Iowa. North American Journal of Fisheries
Management. Vol. 33. p 1258-1268.
Bricker S.B., et al. 1999. National eutrophication assessment: Effects of nutrient enrichment in the
nations' estuaries. NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD.
Cunningham, W.L., and Schalk, C.W., comps., 2011, Groundwater technical procedures of the U.S.
Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-A1, 151 p. accessed online on
October 17, 2016 at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/lal/
Dahl, T.E., and Allord, G.J., 1996, History of wetlands in the conterminous United States, in Fretwell,
J.D. (compiler), Williams, J.S. and Redman, P.J., National water summary on wetland resources: U.S.
Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2425, 431 p. accessed online on October 24, 2016 at
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp2425
Larimer, O.J., 1974, Drainage areas of Iowa Streams, Iowa Highway Research Board Bulletin No. 7,
440 p.
NOAA, 2015, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), NOAA data obtained
from the Midwestern Regional Climate Center, cli-MATE (MRCC Application Tools Environment,
accessed online on October 17, 2016 at http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/CLIMATE/
Pellerin, B.A., Bergamaschi, B.A., Downing, B.D., Saraceno, J.F., Garrett, J.A., and Olsen, L.D., 2013,
Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument
selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting: U.S. Geological
Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D5, 37 p. accessed online on October 17, 2016 at
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/tmlD5/
Prior, J.C, 1991, Landforms of Iowa, University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, IA, 153 p.
Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982a, Measurements and computation of streamflow, volumes 1 and 2: U.S.
Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p. accessed online on October 17, 2016 at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2175/
Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982b, Measurements and computation of streamflow: Volume 2. Computation
of discharge: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p. accessed online on October 17,
2016 at http://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2175/
Rice, E.W., Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D., and Clesceri, L.S. eds., 2012, Standard methods for the
examination of water and wastewater, 22nd edition, American Public Health Association, American Water
Works Association, 1496 p.
Sauer, V.B., 2002, Standards for the analysis and processing of surface-water data and information using
electronic methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01 -4044, 91 p.
accessed online on October 17, 2016 at https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri20014Q44/
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Sauer, V.B., and Turnipseed, D.P., 2010, Stage measurement at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey
Techniques and Methods book 3, chap. A7, 45 p. available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm3-a7/
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Mexico. National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
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Schipper, L.A., Robertson, W. D., Gold, A.J., Jaynes, D.B. and Cameron, S.C., 2010, Denitrifying
bioreactorsAn approach for reducing nitrate loads to receiving waters, Ecological Engineering, vol.
36, pp. 1532-1543.
Turnipseed, D.P., and Sauer, V.B., 2010, Discharge measurements at gaging stations: U.S. Geological
Survey Techniques and Methods book 3, chap. A8, 87 p., accessed online on October 17, 2016 at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm3-a8/
U.S. EPA. 2000. The Quality of Our Nations Waters. A summary of the National Water Quality
Inventory: 1998 Report to Congress. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water
Washington, DC 20460 EPAEPA841-S-00-001.
U.S. EPA, 2009, National Water Quality Inventory: Report to Congress 2004 Reporting Cycle. United
States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Washington, DC 20460 EPA 841-R-08-001.
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performance evaluation of analytical laboratories: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet, accessed online
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40
-------
svEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Research and
Development (8101R)
Washington, DC 20460
Offal Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
PRESORTED
STANDARD POSTAGE
& FEES PAID EPA
PERMIT NO. G-35
-------
Appendices
Appendix 1.Flow ratings and analytical quality assurance 4
Appendix 1.1- Theoretical ratings for 2/0' "H" Flume 4
Appendix 1.2Discharge rating for extra-large 60ฐ trapezoidal flume 8
Appendix 1.3Stream discharge measurements in Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) and Prairie Creek
at Otho, IA (S3) 10
Appendix 1.4 - Stage-discharge relation at Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) 11
Appendix 1.5Stage-discharge relation at Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) 13
Appendix 1.6 Analytical quality assurance and quality control 15
Appendix 2.Hydrologic data 24
Appendix 2.1Precipitation in the Lyons Creek study area 25
Appendix 2.2Precipitation in the Prairie Creek study area 26
Appendix 2.3Discharge, Lyons oxbow inlet near Webster City, IA (L1) 28
l
-------
Appendix 2.4 - Discharge, Lyons oxbow outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) 30
Appendix 2.5Altitude of water in Smeltzer West oxbow 32
Appendix 2.6Discharge, Smeltzer West oxbow inlet near Otho, IA (S1) 34
Appendix 2.7Discharge, Smeltzer west oxbow outlet near Otho, IA 36
Appendix 2.8Altitude of water in Smeltzer East oxbow near Otho, IA 38
Appendix 2.9.Discharge, Smeltzer East oxbow inlet near Otho, IA 40
Appendix 2.10Water level in monitoring well SW1 42
Appendix 2.11Water level in monitoring well SW2 44
Appendix 2.12Water level in monitoring well SW3 46
Appendix 2.13Water level in monitoring well SW4 48
Appendix 2.14Water level in monitoring well SW6 50
Appendix 2.15Water level in monitoring well SW8 52
Appendix 2.16Stream discharge, Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) 54
2
-------
Appendix 2.17Stream discharge, Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) 56
Appendix 3.Water quality data 58
Appendix 3.1Water quality in discrete samples collected from streams, tile inflow, and oxbow discharge in
the Lyons and Prairie Creek study areas 58
Appendix 3.2 -Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA 68
Appendix 3.3 - Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in the Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho,
IA (S1) 70
Appendix 3.4 - Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in the Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near
Otho, IA (S2) 74
Appendix 3.5- Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in the Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho,
IA (S4) 78
Appendix 3.6 Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration in the Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5)
80
Appendix 3.7 -Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in Prairie Creek at Otho, IA 81
3
-------
Appendix 1.Flow ratings and analytical quality assurance
Appendix 1.1 Theoretical ratings for 2/0' "H" Flume
[CFS, cubic feet per second: GPM, gallons per minute; MGD, million gallons per day; from Field Manual for Research in Agricultural
Hydrology, 1979; provided by TRACOMฎ Document: H20-D-T Rev.: 0 Date: April 6, 2000 By: Jon Wachter]
LEVEL
FLOW
LEVEL
FLOW
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
0.01
0.12
1.01
12.12
2.30
1032.2
1.486
0.02
0.24
0.0014
0.63
0.001
1.02
12.24
2.35
1054.7
1.519
0.03
0.36
0.0031
1.39
0.002
1.03
12.36
2.40
1077.1
1.551
0.04
0.48
0.0050
2.24
0.003
1.04
12.48
2.45
1099.6
1.583
]0.05
0.60
0.0073
3.28
0.005
1.05
12.60
2.51
1126.5
1.622
0.06
0.72
0.0100
4.49
0.006
1.06
12.72
2.56
1148.9
1.655
0.07
0.84
0.0130
5.83
0.008
1.07
12.84
2.62
1175.9
1.693
0.08
0.96
0.0166
7.45
0.011
1.08
12.96
2.67
1198.3
1.726
0.09
1.08
0.0205
9.20
0.013
1.09
13.08
2.73
1225.2
1.764
0.10
1.20
0.0248
11.13
0.016
1.10
13.20
2.78
1247.7
1.797
0.11
1.32
0.0293
13.1
0.019
1.11
13.32
2.84
1274.6
1.835
0.12
1.44
0.0341
15.3
0.022
1.12
13.44
2.90
1301.5
1.874
0.13
1.56
0.0392
17.6
0.025
1.13
13.56
2.96
1328.4
1.913
0.14
1.68
0.0447
20.1
0.029
1.14
13.68
3.02
1355.4
1.952
0.15
1.80
0.0505
22.7
0.033
1.15
13.80
3.08
1382.3
1.991
0.16
1.92
0.0567
25.4
0.037
1.16
13.92
3.14
1409.2
2.029
0.17
2.04
0.0632
28.4
0.041
1.17
14.04
3.20
1436.2
2.068
0.18
2.16
0.0701
31.5
0.045
1.18
14.16
3.26
1463.1
2.107
0.19
2.28
0.0774
34.7
0.050
1.19
14.28
3.32
1490.0
2.146
0.20
2.40
0.0850
38.1
0.055
1.20
14.40
3.38
1516.9
2.184
0.21
2.52
0.0930
41.7
0.060
1.21
14.52
3.45
1548.4
2.230
4
-------
LEVEL
FLOW
LEVEL
FLOW
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
0.22
2.64
0.1015
45.6
0.066
1.22
14.64
3.51
1575.3
2.269
0.23
2.76
0.1103
49.5
0.071
1.23
14.76
3.58
1606.7
2.314
0.24
2.88
0.1195
53.6
0.077
1.24
14.88
3.65
1638.1
2.359
0.25
3.00
0.1290
57.9
0.083
1.25
15.00
3.71
1665.0
2.398
0.26
3.12
0.1390
62.4
0.090
1.26
15.12
3.78
1696.5
2.443
0.27
3.24
0.1494
67.1
0.097
1.27
15.24
3.85
1727.9
2.488
0.28
3.36
0.1602
71.9
0.104
1.28
15.36
3.92
1759.3
2.533
0.29
3.48
0.171
76.9
0.111
1.29
15.48
3.99
1790.7
2.579
0.30
3.60
0.183
82.1
0.118
1.30
15.60
4.06
1822.1
2.624
0.31
3.72
0.195
87.5
0.126
1.31
15.72
4.13
1853.5
2.669
0.32
3.84
0.207
92.9
0.134
1.32
15.84
4.20
1885.0
2.714
0.33
3.96
0.220
98.7
0.142
1.33
15.96
4.28
1920.9
2.766
0.34
4.08
0.234
105.0
0.151
1.34
16.08
4.35
1952.3
2.811
0.35
4.20
0.248
111.3
0.160
1.35
16.20
4.43
1988.2
2.863
0.36
4.32
0.262
117.6
0.169
1.36
16.32
4.50
2019.6
2.908
0.37
4.44
0.276
123.9
0.178
1.37
16.44
4.58
2055.5
2.960
0.38
4.56
0.291
130.6
0.188
1.38
16.56
4.66
2091.4
3.012
0.39
4.68
0.307
137.8
0.198
1.39
16.68
4.74
2127.3
3.063
0.40
4.80
0.323
145.0
0.209
1.40
16.80
4.82
2163.2
3.115
0.41
4.92
0.339
152.1
0.219
1.41
16.92
4.90
2199.1
3.167
0.42
5.04
0.356
159.8
0.230
1.42
17.04
4.98
2235.0
3.219
0.43
5.16
0.374
167.9
0.242
1.43
17.16
5.06
2270.9
3.270
0.44
5.28
0.392
175.9
0.253
1.44
17.28
5.14
2306.8
3.322
0.45
5.40
0.410
184.0
0.265
1.45
17.40
5.23
2347.2
3.380
0.46
5.52
0.429
192.5
0.277
1.46
17.52
5.31
2383.1
3.432
0.47
5.64
0.448
201.1
0.290
1.47
17.64
5.40
2423.5
3.490
0.48
5.76
0.468
210.0
0.302
1.48
17.76
5.48
2459.4
3.542
5
-------
LEVEL
FLOW
LEVEL
FLOW
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
0.49
5.88
0.488
219.0
0.315
1.49
17.88
5.57
2499.8
3.600
0.50
6.00
0.509
228.4
0.329
1.50
18.00
5.65
2535.7
3.652
0.51
6.12
0.530
237.9
0.343
1.51
18.12
5.74
2576.1
3.710
0.52
6.24
0.552
247.7
0.357
1.52
18.24
5.83
2616.5
3.768
0.53
6.36
0.574
257.6
0.371
1.53
18.36
5.92
2656.9
3.826
0.54
6.48
0.597
267.9
0.386
1.54
18.48
6.01
2697.3
3.884
0.55
6.60
0.620
278.3
0.401
1.55
18.60
6.11
2742.2
3.949
0.56
6.72
0.644
289.0
0.416
1.56
18.72
6.20
2782.6
4.007
0.57
6.84
0.668
299.8
0.432
1.57
18.84
6.29
2823.0
4.065
0.58
6.96
0.693
311.0
0.448
1.58
18.96
6.38
2863.3
4.123
0.59
7.08
0.719
322.7
0.465
1.59
19.08
6.48
2908.2
4.188
0.60
7.20
0.745
334.4
0.481
1.60
19.20
6.58
2953.1
4.253
0.61
7.32
0.771
346.0
0.498
1.61
19.32
6.67
2993.5
4.311
0.62
7.44
0.798
358.1
0.516
1.62
19.44
6.77
3038.4
4.375
0.63
7.56
0.826
370.7
0.534
1.63
19.56
6.87
3083.3
4.440
0.64
7.68
0.854
383.3
0.552
1.64
19.68
6.97
3128.1
4.505
0.65
7.80
0.882
395.8
0.570
1.65
19.80
7.07
3173.0
4.569
0.66
7.92
0.911
408.9
0.589
1.66
19.92
7.17
3217.9
4.634
0.67
8.04
0.941
422.3
0.608
1.67
20.04
7.27
3262.8
4.699
0.68
8.16
0.971
435.8
0.628
1.68
20.16
7.37
3307.7
4.763
0.69
8.28
1.002
449.7
0.648
1.69
20.28
7.47
3352.5
4.828
0.70
8.40
1.03
462.3
0.666
1.70
20.40
7.58
3401.9
4.899
0.71
8.52
1.07
480.2
0.692
1.71
20.52
7.68
3446.8
4.964
0.72
8.64
1.10
493.7
0.711
1.72
20.64
7.79
3496.2
5.035
0.73
8.76
1.13
507.1
0.730
1.73
20.76
7.90
3545.5
5.106
0.74
8.88
1.16
520.6
0.750
1.74
20.88
8.00
3590.4
5.170
0.75
9.00
1.20
538.6
0.776
1.75
21.00
8.11
3639.8
5.241
-------
LEVEL
FLOW
LEVEL
FLOW
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
FEET
INCHES
CFS
GPM
MGD
0.76
9.12
1.23
552.0
0.795
1.76
21.12
8.22
3689.1
5.313
0.77
9.24
1.27
570.0
0.821
1.77
21.24
8.33
3738.5
5.384
0.78
9.36
1.30
583.4
0.840
1.78
21.36
8.44
3787.9
5.455
0.79
9.48
1.34
601.4
0.866
1.79
21.48
8.56
3841.7
5.532
0.80
9.60
1.38
619.3
0.892
1.80
21.60
8.67
3891.1
5.603
0.81
9.72
1.42
637.3
0.918
1.81
21.72
8.78
3940.5
5.675
0.82
9.84
1.46
655.2
0.944
1.82
21.84
8.90
3994.3
5.752
0.83
9.96
1.49
668.7
0.963
1.83
21.96
9.01
4043.7
5.823
0.84
10.08
1.53
686.7
0.989
1.84
22.08
9.13
4097.5
5.901
0.85
10.20
1.57
704.6
1.015
1.85
22.20
9.24
4146.9
5.972
0.86
10.32
1.62
727.1
1.047
1.86
22.32
9.36
4200.8
6.049
0.87
10.44
1.66
745.0
1.073
1.87
22.44
9.48
4254.6
6.127
0.88
10.56
1.70
763.0
1.099
1.88
22.56
9.60
4308.5
6.204
0.89
10.68
1.74
780.9
1.125
1.89
22.68
9.72
4362.3
6.282
0.90
10.80
1.78
798.9
1.150
1.90
22.80
9.85
4420.7
6.366
0.91
10.92
1.83
821.3
1.183
1.91
22.92
9.97
4474.5
6.444
0.92
11.04
1.87
839.3
1.209
1.92
23.04
10.09
4528.4
6.521
0.93
11.16
1.92
861.7
1.241
1.93
23.16
10.21
4582.2
6.599
0.94
11.28
1.96
879.6
1.267
1.94
23.28
10.34
4640.6
6.683
0.95
11.40
2.01
902.1
1.299
1.95
23.40
10.47
4698.9
6.767
0.96
11.52
2.06
924.5
1.331
1.96
23.52
10.60
4757.3
6.851
0.97
11.64
2.10
942.5
1.357
1.97
23.64
10.72
4811.1
6.928
0.98
11.76
2.15
964.9
1.390
1.98
23.76
10.85
4869.5
7.012
0.99
11.88
2.20
987.4
1.422
1.99
23.88
10.98
4927.8
7.096
1.00
12.00
2.25
1009.8
1.454
7
-------
Appendix 1.2Discharge rating for extra-large 60ฐ trapezoidal flume
[CFS, cubic feet per second: GPM, gallons per minute; MGD, million gallons per day; from "Development of Theoretical Rating Curves for
Standardized Extra Large 60ฐ V Trapezoidal Flumes,"; TRACOMฎ>, Inc Document: TRAP-XL60-D-T Rev.: 0 Date: May 1, 2001 By: Jon
Wachter
Water level
Flow
Water level
Flow
Feet
Inches
CFS
GPM
MGD
Feet
Inches
CFS
GPM
MGD
0.01
0.12
0.51
6.12
0.2645
118.71
0.17095
0.02
0.24
0.52
6.24
0.2780
124.75
0.17964
0.03
0.36
0.0002
0.09
0.00012
0.53
6.36
0.2918
130.97
0.18860
0.04
0.48
0.0004
0.18
0.00026
0.54
6.48
0.3061
137.38
0.19783
0.05
0.60
0.0007
0.31
0.00045
0.55
6.60
0.3208
143.97
0.20733
0.06
0.72
0.0011
0.50
0.0007
0.56
6.72
0.3359
150.76
0.21710
0.07
0.84
0.0017
0.74
0.0011
0.57
6.84
0.3514
157.73
0.22714
0.08
0.96
0.0023
1.04
0.0015
0.58
6.96
0.3674
164.90
0.23746
0.09
1.08
0.0031
1.41
0.0020
0.59
7.08
0.3838
172.26
0.24807
0.10
1.20
0.0041
1.85
0.0027
0.60
7.20
0.4007
179.82
0.25895
0.11
1.32
0.0052
2.36
0.0034
0.61
7.32
0.4180
187.58
0.27013
0.12
1.44
0.0066
2.94
0.0042
0.62
7.44
0.4357
195.54
0.28159
0.13
1.56
0.0080
3.61
0.0052
0.63
7.56
0.4539
203.70
0.29334
0.14
1.68
0.0097
4.36
0.0063
0.64
7.68
0.4725
212.06
0.30539
0.15
1.80
0.0116
5.20
0.0075
0.65
7.80
0.4916
220.64
0.31773
0.16
1.92
0.0137
6.14
0.0088
0.66
7.92
0.5112
229.41
0.33037
0.17
2.04
0.0160
7.17
0.010
0.67
8.04
0.5312
238.40
0.34331
0.18
2.16
0.0185
8.29
0.012
0.68
8.16
0.5517
247.60
0.35656
0.19
2.28
0.0212
9.52
0.014
0.69
8.28
0.5727
257.01
0.37011
0.20
2.40
0.0242
10.9
0.016
0.70
8.40
0.5941
266.64
0.38397
0.21
2.52
0.0274
12.3
0.018
0.71
8.52
0.6160
276.48
0.39815
0.22
2.64
0.0309
13.8
0.020
0.72
8.64
0.6385
286.54
0.41263
0.23
2.76
0.0346
15.5
0.022
0.73
8.76
0.6614
296.82
0.42744
0.24
2.88
0.0385
17.3
0.025
0.74
8.88
0.6848
307.32
0.44256
0.25
3.00
0.0428
19.2
0.028
0.75
9.00
0.7087
318.05
0.45800
0.26
3.12
0.0473
21.2
0.031
0.76
9.12
0.7331
328.99
0.47377
8
-------
Water level
Flow
Water level
Flow
Feet
Inches
CFS
GPM
MGD
Feet
Inches
CFS
GPM
MGD
0.27
3.24
0.0521
23.4
0.034
0.77
9.24
0.7580
340.17
0.48987
0.28
3.36
0.0571
25.6
0.037
0.78
9.36
0.7834
351.57
0.50629
0.29
3.48
0.0625
28.1
0.040
0.79
9.48
0.8093
363.21
0.52304
0.30
3.60
0.0682
30.6
0.044
0.80
9.60
0.8357
375.07
0.54013
0.31
3.72
0.0741
33.3
0.048
0.81
9.72
0.8627
387.17
0.55755
0.32
3.84
0.0804
36.1
0.052
0.82
9.84
0.8902
399.50
0.57531
0.33
3.96
0.0870
39.0
0.056
0.83
9.96
0.9182
412.07
0.59341
0.34
4.08
0.0939
42.1
0.061
0.84
10.08
0.9467
424.88
0.61185
0.35
4.20
0.1011
45.4
0.065
0.85
10.20
0.9758
437.92
0.63063
0.36
4.32
0.1086
48.7
0.070
0.86
10.32
1.0054
451.21
0.64977
0.37
4.44
0.1165
52.3
0.075
0.87
10.44
1.0355
464.74
0.66925
0.38
4.56
0.1247
56.0
0.081
0.88
10.56
1.0662
478.51
0.68908
0.39
4.68
0.1333
59.8
0.086
0.89
10.68
1.0974
492.53
0.70927
0.40
4.80
0.1422
63.8
0.092
0.90
10.80
1.1292
506.79
0.72981
0.41
4.92
0.1514
68.0
0.098
0.91
10.92
1.1616
521.31
0.75071
0.42
5.04
0.1610
72.3
0.104
0.92
11.04
1.1945
536.07
0.77198
0.43
5.16
0.1710
76.8
0.111
0.93
11.16
1.2279
551.09
0.79360
0.44
5.28
0.1814
81.4
0.117
0.94
11.28
1.2619
566.36
0.81559
0.45
5.40
0.1921
86.2
0.124
0.95
11.40
1.2965
581.88
0.83795
0.46
5.52
0.2032
91.2
0.131
0.96
11.52
1.3317
597.66
0.86067
0.47
5.64
0.2147
96.3
0.139
0.97
11.64
1.3674
613.70
0.88377
0.48
5.76
0.2265
101.7
0.146
0.98
11.76
1.4037
630.00
0.90724
0.49
5.88
0.2388
107.2
0.154
0.99
11.88
1.4406
646.56
0.93108
0.50
6.00
0.2514
112.8
0.163
1.00
12.00
1.4781
663.38
0.95531
9
-------
Appendix 1.3Stream discharge measurements in Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) and Prairie Creek at
Otho, IA (S3)
Gage
Stream
Shift
Measurement
height
discharge
adjustment
Measurement
number
Measurement date/time
(ft.)
(ft3/s)
(ft)
rating
USGS 05480986 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3)
1
3/12/2013 10:38
5.99
2.86
POOR
2
3/27/2013 9:16
5.38
5.23
0.020
GOOD
3
4/10/2013 8:47
5.92
19.3
0.000
GOOD
4
5/6/2013 10:10
6.33
33.8
0.000
GOOD
5
6/24/2013 15:37
10.19
321
0.000
POOR
6
6/24/2013 15:50
10.19
324
0.000
UNSF^
7
7/29/2013 9:54
5.05
1.04
0.000
GOOD
8
8/27/2013 9:13
4.66
0.00
0.000
GOOD
9
11/4/2013 8:30
3.76
0.00
GOOD
USGS 05480603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3)
1
3/12/2013 13:44
3.84
7.04
-0.270
POOR
2
3/27/2013 13:25
3.74
14.1
-0.270
POOR
3
4/10/2013 12:25
4.05
28.9
-0.140
GOOD
4
4/18/2013 7:52
5.48
134
0.000
FAIR
5
6/3/2013 13:06
4.69
74.6
0.080
GOOD
6
6/24/2013 17:37
8.36
561
0.023
POOR
7
6/24/2013 17:53
8.36
589
0.022
POOR
8
7/16/2013 14:53
3.17
5.18
-0.100
GOOD
9
7/29/2013 13:27
2.85
1.65
0.000
GOOD
10
8/27/2013 11:12
2.74
0.19
0.000
FAIR
11
11/4/2013 12:30
2.55
0.00
0.000
GOOD
12
4/2/2014 11:09
2.63
0.94
0.170
GOOD
13
5/7/2014 11:13
3.17
0.58
-0.400
GOOD
14
6/4/2014 8:57
3.16
2.87
-0.230
GOOD
15
6/17/2014 9:14
6.46
244
0.000
GOOD
16
7/1/2014 9:31
7.59
443
0.130
FAIR
17
8/4/2014 13:46
3.48
1.17
-0.660
GOOD
18
9/15/2014 14:09
4.65
11.7
-1.270
GOOD
Commented [KJL1]: What does UNSP mean?
10
-------
Appendix 1.4 - Stage-discharge relation at Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
DATUM:
STATION:05480 98 6 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 422935.7 LONGITUDE: 0934600.5 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:7.82 CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA:
Rating for Discharge (ft3/s)
RATING ID: 1.0 TYPE: stage-discharge EXPANSION: logarithmic
STATUS: approved
RATING
REMARKS:
First rating at site
Based on
measurements
2-7 and GZF
on 7/29/2013.
OFFSET: 4
.50
EXPANDED RATING TABLE
Gage
height,
Discharge
(ft3/s)
(STANDARD
PRECISION)
feet
. 00
.01
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
4.70
0.00*
0.01
0.01
0. 02*
o
CO
0 .03
0.04
0.06*
0.08
0.10
0.13*
0.15
0.18
0 .21
0.25
4. 90
0.29
0.34*
0.38
0.43*
0.47
0.51
0.56*
0. 61
0.66
0.71*
o
o
0.76
0.81
0.87*
0.93
0 . 99
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
5. 10
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
5.20
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.5
5.30
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1*
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.7
4. 9
5.1
5. 40
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.4
6. 6
6.8
7.0
DIFF IN Q
PER
.1 UNITS
0 .07
0.26
0 .47
0. 64
0 . 90
1.3
1.7
1.9
5.50 7.2
5.60 9.6
5.70 12.1
5.80 14.8
5.90 17.8
7.4 7.7
9.9 10.2*
12.4 12.6
15.1 15.4
18.1 18.5
7.9 8.1
10.4 10.6
12.9 13.1
15.7 16.0
18.8 19.1
8.4 8.6
10.9 11.1
13.4 13.7
16.3 16.6
19.5 19.8
8.9 9.1
11.4 11.6
14.0 14.2
16.9 17.2
20.1 20.5
9.4 2.4
11.9 2.5
14.5 2.7
17.5 3.0
20.8 3.4
6.00 21.2
6.10 24.9
6.20 28.8
6.30 33.1
6.40 37.6
21.6 21.9
25.3 25.7*
29.3 29.7
33.5 34.0
38.1 38.6
22.3 22.6
26.1 26.5
30.1 30.5
34.4 34.9
39.1 39.6
23.0 23.4
26.9 27.3
30.9 31.3
35.3 35.8
40.0* 40.5
23.8 24.1
27.6 28.0
31.8 32.2
36.2 36.7
41.0 41.4
24.5 3.7
28.4 3.9
32.6 4.3
37.2 4.5
41.9 4.8
6.50 42.4
6.60 47.4
6.70 52.5
6.80 57.6
6.90 63.0
42.9 43.4
47.9 48.4
53.0 53.5
58.1 58.7
63.6 64.1
43.9 44.3
48.9 49.4
54.0 54.5
59.2 59.7
64.7 65.3
44.8 45.3
50.0 50.5*
55.0 55.5
60.3 60.8
65.8 66.4
45.8 46.3
51.0 51.5
56.0 56.6
61.4 61.9
67.0 67.5
46.9 5.0
52.0 5.1
57.1 5.1
62.5 5.4
68.1* 5.7
7.00 68.7
7.10 74.3
7.20 80.1
7.30 86.2
7.40 92.5
69.2 69.8
74.9 75.4
80.7 81.3
86.8 87.4
93.1 93.8*
70.3 70.9
76.0 76.6
81.9 82.5
88.1 88.7
94.4 95.0
71.4 72.0
77.2 77.8
83.1 83.7
89.3 89.9
95.6 96.2
72.6 73.1
78.3 78.9
84.3 85.0
90.6 91.2
96.8 97.5
73.7 5.6
7 9.5 5.8
85.6 6.1
91.8 6.3
98.1 6.2
11
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 98 6 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
LATITUDE: 422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934 600.5 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:7.82 CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Rating for Discharge (ft3/s)
RATING ID: 1.0 TYPE: stage-discharge EXPANSION: logarithmic STATUS: approved
RATING REMARKS:
First rating at site. Based on measurements 2-7 and GZF on 7/29/2013.
OFFSET: 4.50
Gage
height,
feet
7 .50
7 . 60
7 .70
7 . 80
7 . 90
. 00
98.7
105
112
118
125*
.01
99.3
106
112
119
126
Discharge
.02
100
106
113
120
127
(ft3/s)
EXPANDED RATING TABLE
.03
101
107
114
120
127
.04
101
108
114
121
128
(STANDARD PRECISION)
.05
102
108
115
122
129
.06
102
109
116
122
129
.07
103
110
116
123
130
.08
104
110
117
124
131
.09
104
111
118
125
131
DIFF IN Q
PER
.1 UNITS
6.3
7.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
8.00 132
8.10 139
8.20 146
8.30 154
8.40 161
133 133
140 141
147 148
154 155
162 163
134 135
141 142
148 149
156 157
163 164
136 136
143 143
150 151
157 158
165 166
137 138
144 145
151 152
159 160
167 167
138 7.0
146 7.0
153 8.0
160 7.0
168 8.0
8.50 169
8.60 177
8.70 185
8.80 193
8.90 201
170 170
177 178
185 186
193 194
202 203
171 172
179 180
187 188
195 196
203 204
173* 174
181 181
189 189
197 198
205 206
174 175
182 183
190 191
198 199
207 208
176 8.0
184 8.0
192 8.0
200 8.0
208 8.0
9.00 209
9.10 218
9.20 226
9.30 235
9.40 244
210 211
219 220
227 228
236 237
245 246
212 213
220 221
229 230
238 239
247 248
214 214
222 223
231 232
240 241
249 250
215 216
224 225
233 234
242 243
251 252
217 9.0
226 8.0
234 9.0
243 9.0
253 9.0
9.50 253
9.60 263
9.70 272
9.80 282
9.90 292
254 255
264 265
273 274
283 284
293 293
256 257
266 267
275 276
285 286
294 295
258 259
267 268
277 278
287 288
296 297
260 261
269 270
279 280
289 290
298 299
262 10.0
271 9.0
281 10.0
291 10.0
300 9.0
10.00 301 302
10.10 311 312
10.20 322 323
10.30 332 333
10.40 342 344
303 304 305
313 315 316
324 325 326
334 335 336
345 346 347
306 307 308
317 318 319
327 328 329
337 338 339
348 349 350
309 310 10.0
320 321 11.0
330 331 10.0
340 341 10.0
351 352 11.0
12
-------
Appendix 1.5Stage-discharge relation at Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0 CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Rating for Discharge (ft3/s)
RATING ID: 1.0 TYPE: stage-discharge EXPANSION: logarithmic STATUS: approved
RATING REMARKS: First rating at site. Based on measurements 3-7.
OFFSET: 2.30
Gage
height,
feet
Discharge (ft3/s)
.02 .(
EXPANDED RATING TABLE
.04
(STANDARD PRECISION)
.05
.06
.08
DIFF IN Q
PER
.1 UNITS
2.70
2.80
0.00*
1.2
2.7
0.19*
1.4
3.0
0.27
1.6
3.2*
0.38
1.7*
3.3
0. 64
2.0
3.7*
0.76
2.2
1.1
1.5
1.6
3.00
3.10
3.20
3.30
4.
6.
8.
10.
12.
4.4
6.2
8.2
10.3
12.7
4.
6.
8.
10.
4.7
6. 6
8.6
10.7
13.2
5.1
7.0
9.0
11.2
13.7
9.
11.
5.5
7 . 4
9.4
11. 7
14.3
5.
7 .
9.
11.
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.6
3.50 14.8
3.60 17.8
3.70 21.0
3.80 24.5
3.90 28.4
15.1 15.4
18.1 18.4
21.3 21.7
24.9 25.3
28.8 29.2
15.7 16.0
18.7 19.0
22.0 22.4
25.6 26.0
29.6 30.0
16.3 16.6
19.3 19.7
22.7 23.1
26.4 26.8
30.4 30.8
16.9 17.2
20.0 20.3
23.4 23.8
27.2 27.6
31.2 31.7
17.5 3.0
20.7 3.2
24.2 3.5
28.0 3.9
32.1 4.1
4.00 32.5
4.10 37.0
4.20 41.8
4.30 46.9
4.40 52.3
32.9 33.4
37.4 37.9
42.3 42.8
47.4 48.0
52.9 53.5
33.8 34.3
38.4 38.9
43.3 43.8
48.5 49.0
54.0 54.6
34.7 35.2
39.3 39.8
44.3 44.8
49.6 50.1
55.2 55.8
35.6 36.1
40.3 40.8
45.3 45.8
50.7 51.2
56.4 56.9
36.5 4.5
41.3 4.8
46.4 5.1
51.8 5.4
57.5 5.8
4.50 58.1
4.60 64.2
4.70 70.7
4.80 77.5
4.90 84.7
58.7 59.3
64.9 65.5
71.4 72.0
78.2 78.9
85.4 86.2
59.9 60.5
66.1 66.8
72.7 73.4
79.6 80.3
86.9 87.6
61.1 61.8
67.4 68.1
74.1 74.8
81.1 81.8
88.4 89.2
62.4 63.0
68.7 69.4
75.4 76.1
82.5 83.2
89.9 90.7
63.6 6.1
70.0 6.5
76.8 6.8
84.0 7.2
91.4 7.5
5.00 92.2
5.10 100
5.20 108
5.30 117
5.40 126
93.0 93.7
101 102
109 110
118 119
127 128
94.5 95.3
103 103
111 112
120 120
129 130
96.1 96.9
104 105
113 113
121 122
130 131
97.7 98.5
106 107
114 115
123 124
132 133
99.3 7.8
107 8.0
116 9.0
125 9.0
134 9.0
13
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0 CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DAT
Rating for Discharge (ft3/s)
RATING ID: 1.0 TYPE: stage-discharge EXPANSION: logarithmic STATUS: approved
RATING REMARKS: First rating at site. Based on measurements 3-7.
OFFSET: 2.30
Gage
height,
feet
Discharge (ft3/s)
EXPANDED RATING TABLE
(STANDARD PRECISION)
DIFF IN Q
PER
.1 UNITS
5.50 135
5.60 145
5.70 155
5.80 165
5.90 176
136 137
146 147
156 157
167 168
177 179
138 139
148 149
158 159
169 170
180 181
140 141
150 151
160 161
171 172
182 183
142 143
152 153
162 163
173 174
184 185
144 10.0
154 10.0
164 10.0
175 11.0
186 12.0
6.00 188
6.10 199
6.20 211
6.30 224
6.40 236
189 190
200 201
212 214
225 226
238 239
191 192
203 204
215 216
227 229
240 242
193 194
205 206
217 219
230 231
243 244
196 197
207 209
220 221
232 234
246 247
198 11.0
210 12.0
222 13.0
235 12.0
248 13.0
6.50 249
6.60 263
6.70 277
6.80 291
6.90 306
251 252
264 266
278 280
293 294
308 309
254 255
267 269
281 283
296 297
311 312
256 258
270 271
284 286
299 300
314 315
259 260
273 274
287 289
302 303
317 318
262 14.0
276 14.0
290 14.0
305 15.0
320 15.0
7.00 321
7.10 337
7.20 353
7.30 370
7.40 386
323 325
339 340
355 356
371 373
388 390
326 328
342 343
358 360
375 376
392 393
329 331
345 347
361 363
378 380
395 397
332 334
348 350
365 366
381 383
398 400
335 16.0
351 16.0
368 17.0
385 16.0
4 02 18.0
7.50 404
7.60 421
7.70 440
7.80 458
7.90 477
405 407
423 425
441 443
460 462
479 481
409 411
427 429
445 447
4 64 4 66
483 485
412 414
430 432
449 451
468 469
487 489
416 418
434 436
452 454
471 473
491 493
420 17.0
438 19.0
456 18.0
475 19.0
495 19.0
8.00 496
8.10 516
8.20 537
8.30 557
498 500
518 520
539 541
559 561
502 504
522 524
543 545
564 566
506 508
526 528
547 549
568 570
510 512
530 532
551 553
572 574
514 20.0
535 21.0
555 20.0
576 21.0
14
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0 CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DAT
Rating for Discharge (ft3/s)
RATING ID: 1.0 TYPE: stage-discharge EXPANSION: logarithmic STATUS: approved
RATING REMARKS: First rating at site. Based on measurements 3-7.
OFFSET: 2.30
Gage
height,
feet
Discharge (ft3/s)
EXPANDED RATING TABLE
(STANDARD PRECISION)
DIFF IN Q
PER
.1 UNITS
8.40
578
581
583
585
587
589
591
594
596
598
22.0
600
622
645
667
691
602
624
647
670
693
604
627
649
672
696
607
629
651
674
698
609
631
654
677
700
611
633
65 6
679
703
613
635
658
681
705
615
638
661
684
707
618
640
663
686
710
620
642
665
688
712
22.0
23.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
715
739
764
789
814
717
741
766
791
817
719
744
769
794
820
722
746
771
796
822
724
749
774
799
825
727
751
776
801
827
729
754
779
804
830
732
756
781
807
833
734
759
784
809
835
736
761
786
812
838
24.0
25 .0
25.0
25 .0
26.0
840*
Appendix 1.6 Analytical quality assurance and quality control
Additional data were collected throughout the study to assure that analyzed and measured concentrations of the nutrient constituents of interest
were accurate and reproducible. All water samples were analyzed by the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC)
laboratory in LaCrosse, WI. Data were also collected to document that equipment and sampling supplies did not "carry over" nutrient residues
from previous samples. Accuracy in the laboratory analysis was documented by annual analysis of standard reference samples and analytical
reproducibility was documented through the analysis of replicate or "split" ambient samples. The effectiveness of equipment cleaning and
handling to eliminate carry over of nutrient residues from sample to sample was evaluated by analysis of blank samples. A separate set of quality
assurance and quality control data were collected to ensure that the NATRATAX nitrate sensors installed at the study sites were measuring
accurate nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen concentrations and that these results were not substantially different than laboratory analytical
determinations.
15
-------
The relative percent difference method was used to compare differences between quality assurance and quality control samples. The relative
percent difference is calculated by the following equation:
RPD(%) = (abslcl - c2l) * 100
Ccl +c2)
2
where abs = absolute value
cl = observed values, and
c2 = known values
The "known" values include the most probable value for standard reference samples, the ambient sample for replicate samples, the nitrate standard
concentration for the calibration check, and the laboratory determined concentration for the nitrate sensor laboratory comparison, (see description
below).
Standard Reference Samples
The UMESC laboratory participates in the USGS standard reference sample quality assurance project to document the ability of the laboratory to
accurately measure nutrient concentrations in water samples. Though this is not a laboratory certification program, participation in this continuing
quality assurance program is used to alert participating laboratories of possible deficiencies in their analytical operations. Laboratories are
evaluated by using performance evaluation samples, called Standard Reference Samples (SRSs). SRSs prepared by the USGS Branch of Quality
Systems (BQS: https://bqs.usgs.gov/) are submitted to laboratories annually for round-robin laboratory performance comparison purposes.
Currently (2013), approximately 100 USGS, other Federal agencies, and State laboratories are evaluated for their analytical performance on six
SRSs for inorganic and nutrient constituents. Laboratories submit their results the USGS BQS which are then compiled and evaluated by using
non-parametric statistics. Data for each SRS constituent are tabulated in descending order and the median (midpoint of all values) is considered the
most probable value (MPV).
Results of the annual standard reference sample analysis for 2013 and 2014 (Appendix 1.6 Table 1) indicated that the average relative percent
difference between the UMESC reported concentration and the most probable value for all constituents, based on two samples for each
constituent, was generally less than 5.0 percent. The one exception was for ammonia-N where the average relative percent difference was 5.33
percent. The average relative percent difference between the UMESC laboratory reported concentration and the most probable value was 0.35
16
-------
percent for nitrate-N 5.33_pereent for ammonia-N 2.81 percent for total nitrogen-N 2.52 percent for orthophosphate-P; and 0.77 percent for total
phosphorus-P.
Appendix 1.6 Table 1 Analytical results from U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Science Center (UMESC) laboratory annual standard
reference sample analysis, 2013-2014.
Analyte
Parameter
code
Analytical
method
Date
Analyzed
UMESC
reported
Value
(mg/L)
Most
probable
value
(mg/L)
Difference
(mg/L)
Relative
percent
difference
Relative
standard
deviation
Nitrate + Nitrite as N
00631
4500 N03-1
4/1/2014 0.417 0.418 -0.001 0.24 0.002
4/1/2013 0.221 0.220 0.001 0.45 0.003
Ammonia as N
00608
4500-NH3 G
4/1/2014 0.090 0.098 -0.008 8.86 0.060
4/1/2013 0.384 0.391 -0.007 1.81 0.013
Total Nitrogen as N
62855
4500-N C
4/1/2014 0.527 0.555 -0.028 5.18 0.036
4/1/2013 0.644 0.641 0.003 0.45 0.003
Orthophosphate as P
00671
4500-P E
4/1/2014 0.091 0.089 0.002 2.22 0.016
4/1/2013 0.366 0.356 0.010 2.85 0.020
Total Phosphorus as P
00665
4500-P E
4/1/2014 0.163 0.162 0.001 0.81 0.006
4/1/2013 0.400 0.397 0.003 0.73 0.005
Variability in analytical results
Additional samples were collected to assess overall precision, including the reproducibility of (combined) sampling and analytical procedures. The
additional samples were replicates of 11 ambient samples collected at most study sites (Appendix 1.6 - Table 2). Selected ambient samples were
split in the field to produce an additional replicate sample. Both samples were processed using standard protocols for filtered and whole water
samples and then shipped chilled to the laboratory. The replicate sample time was offset from the ambient sample for identification (Appendix 1.6
- Table 2). Samples were used to assess overall precision, including the reproducibility of (combined) sampling and analytical procedures (as
distinguished from the precision of analysis of laboratory replicates).
17
-------
Appendix 1.6 - Table 2. Analytical results from U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Science Center (UMESC) laboratory replicate and
blank sample analysis, 2013-2014. [Concentrations in milligrams per liter, parameter code in parentheses, N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus: <, less than;
M, trace concentration]
Nitrate plus Total
Ammonia-N, nitrite-N, water, Total nitrogen-N, Orthophosphate- phosphorus-P,
Station water, filtered filtered unfiltered P, water, filtered water, unfiltered
identification Sample Sample
number Station name date Sample time type (P00608) (P00631) (P62855) (P00671) (P00665)
05480603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) 3/9/2013 1326 Ambient 1.5 4 7.98 1.88 2.7
05480603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) 3/9/2013 1330 Replicate 1J5 ^9 ^82 L71 2.61
05480603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) 6/27/2013 805 Ambient 0.07 22 25.4 0.13 0.36
05480603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) 6/27/2013 810 Replicate 006 23 2^6 014 0.28
05480986 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) 5/3/2013 800 Ambient 0.06 35 35.8 0.11 0.20
05480986 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) 5/3/2013 805 Replicate 002 45 4^8 O04 0.07
05480986 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) 5/21/2013 827 Ambient < 0.01 39 40.4 0.03 0.06
05480986 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) 5/21/2013 830 Replicate < 0.02 39 401 O03 0.05
422432094081701 Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4) 3/9/2013 1527 Ambient 0.34 1.3 4.49 2.81 3.17
422432094081701 Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4) 3/9/2013 1530 Replicate 034 L7 AAS Z93 3.13
422433094081801 Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5) 3/10/2013 530 Ambient 0.31 1.7 4.53 1.56 1.9
422433094081801 Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5) 3/10/2013 535 Replicate 031 L6 ^27 L58 1.98
422438094082701 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) 6/27/2013 805 Ambient 0.04 9.9 10.5 0.17 0.25
422438094082701 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) 6/27/2013 810 Replicate 004 10 108 015 0.26
422935093460001 Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) 5/21/2013 843 Ambient 0.016 44 45 0.08 0.10
422935093460001 Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) 5/21/2013 844 Replicate 0.017 45 46J. 007 0.10
422935093460001 Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) 6/27/2013 1039 Ambient 0.02 26 27.1 0.11 0.18
422935093460001 Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) 6/27/2013 1044 Replicate 002 27 2S3 013 0.18
422935093460401 Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) 5/3/2013 800 Ambient 0.02 46 47 0.03 0.07
422935093460401 Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) 5/3/2013 805 Replicate 003 45 4^2 003 0.08
422935093460401 Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) 5/21/2013 751 Ambient 0.02 46 47.2 0.07 0.10
422935093460401 Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) 5/21/2013 752 Replicate 002 44 45J5 005 0.09
18
-------
422436094082501
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI)
2/13/2013
1300
Blank
< 0.008
<
0.01
0.03
0.005
0.005
422935093460401
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI)
4/16/2013
1600
Blank
< 0.008
<
0.01
0.01
0.002
0.001
422935093460401
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI)
4/16/2013
1620
Blank
0.002
<
0.01
0.02
0.001
0.001
05480603
Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3)
4/2/2014
1210
Blank
0.009
<
0.01
< 0.01
0.003
0.003
Analytical results of replicates (Appendix 1.6- Table 2) show that the average relative percent difference between the ambient and replicate
samples for nitrate-N and total nitrogen-N for all sample pairs was less than 10 percent. The average relative percent difference for ammonia-N,
orthophosphate-P, and total phosphorus-P was between 10 and 20 percent. The average relative percent difference for ammonia-N was 14.13
percent, for nitrate plus nitrite was 7.12 percent and for total nitrogen-N was 5.54 percent. The average relative percent difference for
orthophosphate-P was 17.41 percent and for total phosphorus-P was 16.00 percent. However, the difference in both phosphorus species between
the ambient and replicate samples was much smaller when the sample collected from Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) on May 3, 2013 is
removed from the dataset. The relative percent difference for both species was greater than 90 percent in this sample. The reason for the large
difference is unknown. When this sample result was removed from the QA dataset, the average for orthophosphate would be 9.82 percent and for
total phosphorus would be 7.97 percent.
Field Blanks
Field blanks were collected using the same methods by which regular field samples are collected. Commercially available (Ricci) ACS reagent
grade water is pumped through the automatic sampler's intake tube and pumping mechanism into the sample bottles. Samples are shipped chilled
to the UMESC laboratory. This process is used to monitor overall sample integrity and to check for any contamination that may be introduced into
samples by the sampling equipment.
Analytical results (Appendix 1.6 - Table 2) indicated that if present, only very small amounts of the nutrient species were present in the field blank
samples. Ammonia-N was detected at concentrations near the method detection level in 2 of 4 samples. Total nitrogen-N was detected in three of
four samples at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L. Nitrate-N was not detected in any blank sample. Ortho-phosphorus-P and total phosphorus were
detected in all blank samples at concentrations near the method detection level.
Quality assurance of the NITRATAX sensor
Collection of quality assurance information for the Hach NITRATAX field nitrate sensor was designed to (1) document changes over time due to
physical and biological fouling, (2) ensure that measured values were accurate and did not change over time, and (3) evaluate the ability of the
sensor to replicate laboratory analytical concentrations.
19
-------
Appendix 1.6 - Table 3. Quality assurance data, fouling, calibration, and laboratory checks for the Hach NITRATAX nitrate sensors at sites in
the Lyons and Prairie Creek study areas [All concentrations are in milligrams per liter]
Date
(MMDD
YYYY)
Time
(HHMM)
Fouling check
Calibration check
Laboratory check
Sensor
reading
before
cleaning
Sensor
reading
after
cleaning
Nitrate
standard
1
Sensor
reading,
standard
1
Nitrate
standard
2
Sensor
reading,
standard
2
Nitrate
standard
3
Sensor
reading,
standard
3
Laboratory
sample time
(HHMM)
Laboratory
nitrate-N
(05480986) Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3)
04 26 2013
1150
38.4
0
0
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.7
06 03 2013
0830
30.3
30.3
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
22.6
954
29.3
06 13 2013
0820
11.3
11.2
22.6
22.4
45.2
43.6
07 16 2013
0845
36.5
36.2
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
22.8
1105
31.8
07 23 2013
1318
29.9
29.8
07 29 2013
0955
32.6
32.5
11.3
11.6
22.6
22.8
45.2
43.7
1047
31.8
08 27 2013
0854
2.5
2.6
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.6
45.2
43.4
(422436094082501)
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI)
06 19 2013
1430
19.3
0
0.1
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.7
07 16 2013
1717
18.5
18.4
0
0.2
11.3
11.6
22.6
22.6
07 29 2013
1429
16.3
0.3
0
0.1
11.3
11.7
22.6
22.4
08 27 2013
1439
0.4
0
0.3
11.3
11.7
22.6
22.5
03 20 2014
0932
0
0
11.3
11.2
22.6
22.4
05 07 2014
1030
0
0
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.4
1030
14.6
06 04 2014
1015
21.3
21.4
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
22.6
1015
20.2
07 01 2014
1055
23.1
23.2
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
22.6
1110
22.2
07 24 2014
1100
22.3
22.3
0
0.2
11.3
11.7
22.6
22.9
08 04 2014
1152
20.7
20.7
0
0.1
11.3
11.6
22.6
22.8
1217
20.9
08 19 2014
1027
0.2
20.7
0
0.2
11.3
11.3
22.6
22.8
09 15 2014
1202
17.7
17.7
0
0.2
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.6
1202
17.4
10 06 2014
1200
15.4
15.5
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
22.6
1145
15.0
20
-------
(422438094082701) Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2)
06 13 13
1443
13
0
0.1
11.3
11.5
22.6
07 16 2013
1431
0
0.3
11.3
11.6
22.6
05 07 2014
1135
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
06 04 2014
0950
0.4
0.6
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
07 01 2014
1018
3.65
4.2
0
0
11.3
11.2
22.6
07 24 2014
1009
0.2
0.1
0
0.1
11.3
11.4
22.6
08 04 2014
1433
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
11.3
11.4
22.6
08 19 2014
0955
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
11.3
11.3
22.6
09 15 2014
1241
4.1
4.15
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
10 06 2014
1045
10.1
10
0
0.1
11.3
11.3
22.6
(05480603) Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3)
06 13 2013
1343
30.5
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.6
45.2
07 16 2013
1547
20.9
20.9
0
0.2
11.3
11.5
22.6
07 29 2013
1313
11.5
11.6
0
0.2
11.3
11.4
22.6
08 27 2013
1242
0.1
0.2
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
03 20 2014
1015
1.8
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
04 02 2014
1045
0.5
0.5
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
05 07 2014
1130
0.2
0.3
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
06 04 2014
0840
2.1
2.2
0
0.1
11.3
11.4
22.6
07 01 2014
0846
16.8
17
0
0.1
11.3
11.3
22.6
(422432094081701) Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4)
04 02 2014
0910
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
05 07 2014
0845
0
0
11.3
11.4
22.6
06 04 2014
1121
0.3
0.5
0
0.2
11.3
11.4
22.6
07 01 2014
1125
2.4
2.3
0
0.3
11.6
11.6
22.6
07 24 2014
1204
10.4
11.4
0
0.4
11.3
11.8
22.6
08 04 2014
0855
0.3
0.2
0
0.3
11.3
11.8
22.6
08 19 2014
1105
0.03
0.3
0
0.3
11.3
11.8
09 15 2014
0843
14.1
14.3
0
0.3
11.3
11.2
22.6
10 06 2014
1350
18.3
18
0
0.3
11.3
11.7
22.6
21
22.6
22.9
22.4
22.8
22.5
22.6
22.5
22.4
22.4
22.5
43.7
22.5
22.2
22.1
22.4
22.4
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.4
22.6
22.7
22.7
23
23
22.8
22.7
1038
1241
1045
1630
1350
1330
1230
1200
925
1016
1136
843
1345
3.5
4.0
10.0
19.1
11.0
0.3
2.0
16.1
1.7
13.5
19.0
-------
(422433094081801) Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5)
03 24 2014
1245
11.3
11.3
04 02 2014
1008
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
22.4
05 07 2014
1300
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
22.5
06 04 2014
1055
0
0
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.5
07 01 2014
1152
2.1
2.1
0
0
11.3
11.1
22.6
22.5
1215
1.7
07 24 2014
1246
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
22.4
08 04 2014
0935
0
0.15
0
0.1
11.3
11.4
22.6
22.4
08 19 2014
1128
1.8
1.8
0
0
11.3
11.3
22.6
22.4
09 15 2014
1015
1.2
0.7
0
0.1
11.3
11.5
22.6
22.5
1015
0.3
10 06 2014
1256
4.25
4.5
0
0
11.3
11.2
22.6
22.3
1245
4.1
Calibration
The Hach NITRATAX nitrate sensors were calibrated during each maintenance visit to the study site (Appendix 1.6 - Table 3). Calibration was
made after the sensor's optical window was cleaned using three known concentration standards that bracketed the expected range of nitrate-N.
Most frequently, the nitrate sensors were calibrated to the 0.0 mg/L, 11.3 mg/L, and 22.6 mg/L standards. Because ambient nitrate-N
concentrations exceeded 25 mg/L at times at some sites, the nitrate sensor was calibrated to the upper end of its range. The upper calibration was
made using the 11.3 mg/L, 22.6 mg/L, and 45.2 mg/L standards. Deionized water was used as the zero mg/L standard , whereas the 11.3 mg/L,
22.6 mg/L, and 45.2 mg/L nitrate-N standards were obtained commercially from the Hach Corporation.
Sensor measurements of the zero nitrate-N standard were frequently (63 percent) in the 0.1 to 0.4 mg/L range (Appendix 1.6 - Table 3). Although
these concentrations were substantially greater than zero, the sensor readings were within the manufacturers specifications for accuracy (plus or
minus 3 percent of measured value plus 0.5 mg/L). Sensor measurements of the two standards in the middle part of the instruments range on
average calibrated to less than 1.5 percent of the 11.3 mg/L and 22.6 mg/L standards (Appendix 1.6 - Table 3). The relative percent difference
between the nitrate sensors and the 11.3 mg/L standard was 1.23 percent and between the sensor and 22.6 mg/L standard was 0.84 percent. At the
high end of the sensors range, the relative percent difference between the sensor and 45.2 mg/L standard was 3.54 percent. However, the nitrate
sensors were only calibrated four times with the 45.2 mg/L standard.
22
-------
Comparison of NITRTAX sensor concentrations to laboratory analytical results
NITRATAX nitrate field sensors replaced laboratory analysis of discrete samples part way through the study as the primary method to measure
nitrate-N concentrations at the Lyons and Prairie Creek study sites. Evaluation of the comparability of nitrate-N concentrations measured by each
method was made to ensure that data could be used interchangeably. Nitrate-N concentrations from laboratory analysis of 20 ambient samples
were compared to NITRATAX nitrate-N measurements after the sensor was cleaned during maintenance visits. The relative percent difference
between nitrate-N concentrations determined analytically in the UMESC laboratory and those measured by the NITRATAX sensor in the field was
8.49 percent (Appendix 1.6 - Table 3).
Data limitations
The quality assurance and quality control data show that both laboratory analysis and field sensor measurement were able to produce accurate and
precise concentration data that can be used to compute the transport load of selected nutrient species at the monitoring stations data. The analytical
accuracy and the precision for nitrate-N total nitrogen-N orthophosphate-P, and total phosphorus-P were within the targeted range (relative
percent difference of less than 10 percent). The overall precision for the phosphorus species was greater than 10 percent, but when one replicate
sample with large differences was removed, the average relative percent difference was less than 10 percent. Because reproducibility in all but one
replicate sample were within the targeted range, orthophosphate-P and total phosphorus-P data are acceptable for documenting the occurrence and
transport through the study wetlands. The precision of ammonia concentrations may be suspect as RPD greater than 10 percent and these data
should be used with caution.
Nitrate-N concentrations determined analytically and those measured in the field with the nitrate sensor are directly comparable. Although there
was a general trend in that the NITRATAX sensor measured smaller nitrate-N concentrations than was determined by laboratory analysis,
differences were within the targeted range. Nitrate-N data collected with the nitrate sensors are suitable for comparison between sites and for
calculating nitrate-N loads transported through the study wetlands and streams.
23
-------
Appendix 2.Hydrologic data
24
-------
Appendix 2.1Precipitation in the Lyons Creek study area
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422 935 0 934 60401 Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 422 935.6 LONGITUDE: 0 934604.0 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
Precipitation, total, inches
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY SUM VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
34
0
12
o
o
o
2
0
00
0
00
0
00
1
15
0
01
o
o
o
3
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
12
0
01
o
o
o
4
0
00
0
01
0
00
0
10
0
05
o
o
o
5
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
04
o
o
o
6
0
00
0
00
0
05
0
01
0
01
o
o
o
7
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
8
0
00
0
04
0
00
0
06
0
04
o
o
9
0
01
0
81
2
15
0
45
0
01
o
o
10
0
23
0
34
0
42
0
00
0
19
o
o
11
0
00
0
01
0
49
0
00
0
01
o
o
12
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
32
o
o
o
13
0
00
0
00
0
02
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
14
0
00
0
07
0
99
0
00
0
07
o
o
o
15
0
.00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
20
o
o
o
16
0
00
0
00
0
00
1
08
0
00
0.06
17
0
00
0
00
0
99
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
18
0
00
0
00
0
70
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
19
0
00
0
00
0
00
1
02
0
00
0.06
20
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
21
0
00
0
00
0
30
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
22
0
01
0
00
0
33
0
04
0
00
0.76
23
0
.00
0
06
0
00
0
00
0
01
0
34
o
o
o
24
0
.00
0
06
0
00
0
00
0
03
2
55
o
o
o
25
0
.00
0
01
0
02
0
00
1
50
0
06
0.13
26
0
.00
0
02
0
00
0
00
1
10
0
04
o
o
27
0
.01
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
57
0
00
o
o
o
28
0
.06
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
08
0
00
o
o
o
29
0
.01
0
00
0
02
0
19
0
00
o
o
o
30
0
.00
0
00
0
21
0
02
0
00
o
o
31
0
.00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
25
STATE:19
COUNTY:07 9
AUG
0.00
0.07
0.01
0.00
0. 00
0.07
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Appendix 2.2Precipitation in the Prairie Creek study area
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433094081801 Smeltzer Oxbows TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.9 LONGITUDE: 0 940818.7 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #8
Precipitation, total, inches
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY SUM VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
54
0
22
0
00
0
00
o
o
2
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
96
0
00
0
00
0
06
o
o
o
3
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
4
0
00
0
03
0
00
0
19
0
31
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
5
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
04
0
00
0
00
o
o
6
0
00
0
00
0
02
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
7
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
8
0
00
0
08
0
00
0
07
0
06
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
9
0
03
0
67
1
75
0
38
0
05
0
07
0
00
o
o
o
10
0
22
0
31
0
27
0
00
0
03
0
00
0
00
o
o
11
0
00
0
01
0
34
0
00
0
18
0
00
0
80
o
o
o
12
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
32
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
13
0
00
0
00
0
02
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
01
o
o
o
14
0
00
0
01
1
14
0
00
0
03
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
15
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
34
0
00
0
00
0.00
16
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
26
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
17
0
00
0
00
1
10
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
18
0
00
0
00
0
64
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
19
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
41
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
20
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
10
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
21
0
00
0
00
0
30
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
22
0
07
0
00
0
57
0
04
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
23
o
o
o
0
01
0
00
0
00
0
02
0
25
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
24
o
o
o
0
00
0
00
0
01
0
08
1
30
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
25
o
o
o
0
00
0
00
0
00
1
39
0
74
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
26
o
o
o
0
01
0
00
0
00
0
81
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
27
o
o
0
00
0
00
0
00
1
22
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
28
0.23
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
15
0
00
0
00
0
00
CO
o
o
29
o
o
0
00
0
07
0
40
0
10
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
30
o
o
o
0
07
0
30
0
25
0
00
0
03
0
00
o
o
o
31
o
o
o
0
00
0
01
0
00
0
00
26
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433094081801 Smeltzer Oxbows TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.9 LONGITUDE: 0 940818.7 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #8
Precipitation, total, inches
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY SUM VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
.00
o
o
o
0
00
0
06
0
06
*1
30
0
00
o
o
2
0
.00
o
o
o
0
00
0
00
0
01
*0
00
0
00
0.17
3
0
.08
o
o
o
0
20
0
00
0
68
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
4
0
.76
0
03
0
06
0
03
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
5
0
.00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
76
0
00
0.58
6
0
.14
0
02
0
00
0
00
0
00
1
27
o
o
o
7
0
.00
0
11
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
02
o
o
o
8
0
.00
0
00
0
37
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.13
9
0
.00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
15
0
00
0.45
10
0
.00
0
00
0
04
0
00
0
00
0
00
o
o
11
0
.03
0
00
0
69
0
00
0
09
0
00
o
o
o
12
0
.00
0
81
1
03
0
00
0
26
0
00
0.29
13
0
.00
0
86
0
00
0
00
0
05
0
00
o
o
o
14
0
.42
0
00
0
00
0
01
0
03
0
00
o
o
o
15
0
.08
0
00
0
08
0
01
0
00
0
27
o
o
16
0
.00
0
00
0
00
1
07
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
17
0
.00
0
00
0
00
1
58
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
18
0
.00
0
00
0
00
0
05
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
19
0
.01
0
00
0
02
0
09
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
20
0
.00
0
01
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
35
0 . 60
21
0
.00
0
13
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
01
o
o
o
22
0
.17
0
00
0
00
*0
01
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
23
0
.04
0
12
0
00
*0
85
0
00
0
67
o
o
o
24
0
.00
0
09
0
00
*0
00
0
19
0
02
0. 66
25
0
.00
0
00
0
00
*0
00
0
38
0
15
o
o
o
26
0
.00
0
00
1
13
*0
00
0
00
0
23
o
o
o
27
0
.00
0
75
0
03
*0
28
0
00
0
00
0.23
28
0
.00
0
14
0
00
*0
49
0
00
0
76
o
o
o
29
0
.00
o
o
o
0
15
0
00
*1
31
0
00
1
15
o
o
o
30
0
.22
o
o
o
0
49
0
00
*1
05
0
00
0
06
0.56
31
0
.00
o
o
0
00
0
00
1
20
*
Data
irom
53
O
%
o
1.6 mi1e
east northeast
Fort Dodge,
IA
27
-------
Appendix 2.3Discharge, Lyons oxbow inlet near Webster City, I A (L1)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422 9350 934 60401 Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:079
LATITUDE: 422 935.6 LONGITUDE: 0 934604.0 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #2
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
00
0
00
0
01
0.06
0.43
0
24
eO
00
o
o
o
2
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.17
0.37
0
21
eO
00
o
o
o
3
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.41
0.33
0
19
eO
00
o
o
o
4
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.79
0.30
0
17
eO
00
o
o
o
5
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.75
0.29
0
15
eO
00
o
o
o
6
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.53
0.26
0
13
eO
00
o
o
o
7
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.41
0.23
0
11
0
00
o
o
o
8
0
00
0
00
0
00
0.34
0.22
0
08
0
00
o
o
o
9
0
00
0
18
0
06
0.39
0.22
0
07
0
00
o
o
o
10
0
00
0
04
0
17
0.38
0.21
0
06
0
00
o
o
o
11
0
00
0
02
0
17
0.29
0.20
0
05
0
00
o
o
o
12
e0
00
0
02
0
14
0.24
0.22
0
03
0
00
o
o
o
13
eO
00
0
01
0
10
0.21
0.19
0
03
0
00
o
o
o
14
0
00
0
01
0
20
0.17
eO. 16
0
02
0
00
o
o
o
15
0
00
0
03
0
20
0.13
0.14
0
02
0
00
o
o
o
16
0
00
0
08
0
14
0.14
0.13
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
17
0
00
0
06
0
20
0.36
0.11
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
18
0
00
0
05
0
65
0.28
0.10
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
19
0
00
0
04
0
43
0.30
0.09
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
20
0
00
0
04
0
28
0. 67
CO
o
o
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
21
0
00
0
05
0
23
0.43
CO
o
o
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
22
o
o
o
0
00
0
07
0
24
0.33
0.07
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
23
o
o
o
0
00
0
05
0
28
0.28
0.06
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
24
o
o
o
0
00
0
03
0
23
0.26
1.3
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
25
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0
18
1.0
2.2
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
26
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0
16
1.7
1.4
eO
00
0
00
o
o
o
27
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0
13
2.0
0.76
eO
00
0
00
o
o
o
28
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0
11
1.3
0.54
eO
00
0
00
o
o
o
29
o
o
o
0
02
0
09
0.83
0 .37
eO
00
0
00
o
o
o
30
o
o
o
0
02
0
07
0. 66
0 .28
eO
00
0
00
o
o
o
31
o
o
o
0
01
0.52
eO
00
0
00
28
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422 935 0 934 60401
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 422 935.6 LONGITUDE: 0 934604.0 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #2
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
00
00
00
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
29
STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
AUG SEP
-------
Appendix 2.4 - Discharge, Lyons oxbow outlet near Webster City, I A (L2)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422 935 0 934 60001 Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
LATITUDE: 422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934600.8 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
00
0
00
0.01
0.06
0
47
0
24
0
00
o
o
o
2
0
00
0
00
o
o
CO
o
0
38
0
21
0
00
o
o
o
3
0
00
0
00
o
o
0.44
0
34
0
18
0
00
o
o
o
4
0
00
0
00
o
o
1.2
0
32
0
15
0
00
o
o
o
5
0
00
0
00
o
o
1.1
0
29
0
12
0
00
o
o
o
6
0
00
0
00
o
o
0.54
0
27
0
10
0
00
o
o
o
7
0
00
0
00
0.01
0.43
0
23
0
08
0
00
o
o
o
8
e0
00
0
00
o
o
o
0.35
0
21
0
12
0
00
o
o
o
9
eO
00
eO
97
0.06
0.39
0
21
0
13
0
00
o
o
o
10
eO
00
eO
47
0.20
0.38
0
20
0
04
0
00
o
o
o
11
0
00
0
04
0.20
0.30
0
18
0
03
0
00
o
o
o
12
eO
00
eO
02
0.16
0.25
0
22
0
03
0
00
o
o
o
13
eO
00
eO
02
0.11
0.21
0
20
0
02
0
00
o
o
o
14
eO
00
eO
02
0.21
0.17
0
17
0
02
0
00
o
o
o
15
eO
00
eO
25
0.23
0.13
0
16
0
02
0
00
0.00
16
eO
00
eO
50
0.16
0.13
0
13
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
17
eO
00
0
09
0.23
0.36
0
12
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
18
eO
00
0
05
0.72
0.27
0
10
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
19
eO
00
0
04
0.47
0.30
0
08
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
20
eO
00
0
04
0.31
0. 69
0
07
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
21
0
00
0
06
0.26
0.44
0
06
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
22
o
o
o
0
00
0
07
0.26
0.33
0
06
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
23
o
o
o
0
00
0
06
0.30
0.26
0
06
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
24
o
o
o
0
00
0
03
0.25
0.23
e6
9
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
25
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0.20
1.8
5
0
0
00
0
00
o
o
o
26
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0.17
(D
CO
o
1
9
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
27
o
o
o
0
00
0
02
0.14
el2
0
83
0
01
0
00
o
o
o
28
o
o
o
0
00
0
03
0.12
1.3
0
57
eO
02
0
00
o
o
o
29
o
o
o
0
02
o
o
0. 95
0
39
eO
01
0
00
o
o
o
30
o
o
o
0
02
CO
o
o
1.3
0
29
eO
00
0
00
o
o
o
31
o
o
o
0
02
0.74
eO
00
0
00
30
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422 935 0 934 60001
Lyons Oxbow Outlet near Webster City, IA (L2) TYPE:WETLAND
LATITUDE: 422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934600.8 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
00
00
00
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
31
-------
Appendix 2.5Altitude of water in Smeltzer West oxbow
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432094081701 Smeltzer East Oxbow TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is WORKING
DD #2, oxbow
Gage height, feet
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
1
3.786
5
321
8
349
8
558
8
715
8.511
7
159
6
2
3.787
5
306
8
305
8
783
8
692
8 .496
7
125
6
3
3.788
5
300
8
265
9
124
8
651
8.479
7
098
6
4
5
296
8
228
9
288
8
572
8. 464
7
059
6
5
8
189
9
148
8
586
8.449
7
024
6
6
8
157
8
698
8
571
8.424
6
992
6
7
8
123
8
585
8
560
8.394
6
957
6
8
5
244
8
094
8
614
8
574
8.364
6
918
6
9
8
297
8
166
8
737
8
660
8.337
6
883
5
10
4.224
8
524
8
348
8
669
8
669
8.299
6
844
5
11
4.537
8
543
8
432
8
574
8
65 6
8.244
6
823
5
12
4.572
8
481
8
417
8
596
8
685
8.189
6
879
5
13
4.841
8
408
8
393
8
601
8
617
8.131
6
838
5
14
5.266
8
388
8
458
8
610
8
577
8.086
6
796
5
15
5.315
8
510
8
446
8
586
8
606
8.038
6
761
5
16
5.301
8
486
8
420
8
581
8
607
7 . 981
6
723
5
17
5.298
8
428
8
535
8
611
8
584
7 . 928
6
687
5
18
5.305
8
412
8
822
8
618
8
549
7 .865
6
651
5
19
5.267
8
379
8
601
8
632
8
493
7 .799
6
618
5
20
5.225
8
339
8
550
8
657
8
472
7 .738
6
586
5
21
5.226
8
294
8
563
8
606
8
456
7 . 684
6
554
5
22
5.262
8
259
8
631
8
544
8
441
7 . 627
6
527
5
23
0
993
5 .281
8
230
8
751
8
521
8
435
7 .565
6
499
5
24
0
992
5 .269
8
195
8
614
8
498
8
878
7 .510
6
477
5
25
0
994
5 .280
8
165
8
599
8
857
9
292
7 .459
6
460
5
26
0
993
5 .294
8
144
8
575
9
206
8
607
7 .407
6
439
5
27
0
995
5 .311
8
254
8
559
9
704
8
553
7 .349
6
376
5
28
0
997
5 .310
8
529
8
554
9
188
8
536
7 .300
6
319
5
29
0
997
8
509
8
549
8
776
8
534
7 .254
6
285
5
30
0
995
8
460
8
550
8
997
8
516
7 .223
6
254
5
31
2
115
8
407
8
727
7 .197
6
222
32
SEP
204
166
133
107
081
054
022
003
981
947
927
896
860
831
807
787
782
800
7 92
852
841
813
.7 93
776
. 697
641
. 619
604
587
5 66
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432 0 940817 01 Smeltzer East Oxbow TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is WORKING
DD #2, oxbow
Gage height, feet
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
5.545
5.460
5.390
5.000
4 .193
5. 710
7.870
7 .745
8.230
7.789
8
678
2
5.523
5.454
5.393
4. 982
4 .283
5. 605
7.849
7 .755
8.188
8
817
7 .738
8
505
3
5.518
5.440
5.401
4.892
4 .234
5.538
7 .837
7.746
8.140
8
530
7 . 690
8
457
4
5.574
5.430
5.416
5.009
4.293
5.511
7 .851
7 .735
8.172
8
475
7 . 640
8
443
5
5. 602
5.468
5.375
4. 927
4 .350
5. 482
7 .829
7 .718
8.135
8
552
7 . 601
8
500
6
5.592
5.556
5.296
4. 698
4 .193
5.510
7 .811
7 . 692
8 .096
8
519
7 . 654
8
489
7
5.594
5 .553
5.204
4. 688
4 .021
5 . 5 65
7 .802
1.610
8.049
8
497
7 .714
8
479
8
5.569
5.547
5.197
4.739
3 . 944
5. 629
7 .788
7 . 674
7. 992
8
482
7 . 693
8
485
9
5.544
5.542
5.300
4. 682
3 . 928
5. 897
7 .760
7 . 670
7 . 944
8
477
7 . 658
8
516
10
5.522
5.537
5.315
4.769
3. 928
6. 655
7 . 733
7 . 649
7 . 907
8
475
7 . 622
8
587
11
5.512
5.531
5.307
5.061
3.890
7 . 625
7 .703
7 . 652
7 .872
8
472
7 .586
8
555
12
5.495
5.514
5.294
5.059
3.858
7 . 986
7 . 692
8.068
7 .823
8
510
7 .538
8
583
13
5.473
5.503
5.305
5.269
4.003
8.121
7 .822
8.263
7 .767
8
496
7 .490
8
582
14
5.460
5.515
5.325
5.406
4.269
8 .392
7 . 903
8.285
7 .717
8
474
7 .452
8
575
15
5.515
5.512
5.301
5.255
4.228
8.424
7 .893
8.275
7 . 672
8
452
7 . 440
8
571
16
5.508
5.520
5.283
5.205
4.236
8 .366
7 . 884
8.258
7 . 632
8
438
7 .429
8
55 6
17
5.498
5.547
5.307
5.067
4.362
8 .308
7 .862
8.233
9.132
8
420
7 .403
8
537
18
5.483
5.557
5.311
4. 953
5.057
8 .272
7 . 840
8.198
8. 63 6
8
391
7 .369
8
518
19
5.474
5.550
5.340
5.069
5.757
8 .237
7 . 819
8.164
8.562
8
358
7 .341
8
503
20
5.464
5.540
5.317
5.405
5. 964
8 .192
1.198
8.131
8.538
8
320
7 .340
8
587
21
5.449
5.531
5.255
5.111
6.050
8 .154
1.787
8.096
8.508
8
280
7 .289
8
555
22
5.459
5.464
5.233
4.775
6.034
8.099
7 .756
8.041
8.515
8
238
7 .239
8
539
23
5.461
5.440
5.193
4.394
6.022
8 .044
7 . 734
7 .996
8.514
8
182
7 .270
8
537
24
5.457
5.406
5.098
4.345
5. 985
8.003
7 .736
7 . 953
8.480
8
134
7 .272
8
662
25
5.451
5.404
5.148
4.7 93
5. 962
1 .916
7 .719
7 . 912
8.441
8
148
7 .254
8
629
26
5.445
5.430
5.234
4. 918
5. 944
1 . 956
7 . 920
8.398
8
110
7 .236
8
614
27
5.433
5.395
5.254
4.707
5. 912
7 . 932
8.405
8. 601
8
060
7 .206
8
651
28
5.427
5.394
5.355
4.232
5.896
7 . 934
8.392
8.729
8
001
7 .226
8
631
29
5.427
5.372
5.372
4.182
7 . 916
7 . 664
8.353
8 .767
7
943
7 . 643
8
623
30
5.446
5.394
5.043
4.375
7 . 904
7 . 690
8.314
9.500
7
891
7 .784
8
63 6
31
5.463
5.002
4.414
7 . 901
8.274
7
839
7 .859
33
-------
Appendix 2.6Discharge, Smeltzer West oxbow inlet near Otho, IA (S1)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082501 Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 6.7 LONGITUDE: 0 940825.1 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #4
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
000
0
000
0
00
0
022
0
095
0
043
0
000
0
000
2
0
000
0
000
0
00
0
158
0
081
0
037
0
000
0
000
3
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
219
0
066
0
032
0
000
0
000
4
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
324
0
058
0
027
0
000
0
000
5
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
267
0
062
0
023
0
000
0
000
6
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
143
0
055
0
019
0
000
0
000
7
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
106
0
047
0
015
0
000
0
000
8
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
082
0
043
0
012
0
000
0
000
9
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
096
0
057
0
010
0
000
0
000
10
0
000
0
003
0
012
0
089
0
057
0
008
0
000
0
000
11
0
000
0
000
0
013
0
067
0
052
0
006
0
000
0
000
12
0
000
0
000
0
008
0
052
0
056
0
004
0
000
0
000
13
0
000
eO
00
0
005
0
046
0
050
0
004
0
000
0
000
14
0
000
0
000
0
019
0
042
0
044
0
003
0
000
0
000
15
0
000
eO
00
0
016
0
036
0
050
0
002
0
000
0
000
16
0
000
eO
00
0
010
0
033
0
051
0
002
0
000
0
000
17
0
000
eO
00
0
028
0
032
0
045
0
002
0
000
0
000
18
0
000
0
00
0
131
0
031
0
038
0
002
0
000
0
000
19
0
000
eO
00
0
068
0
031
0
036
0
001
0
000
0
000
20
0
000
eO
00
0
040
0
037
0
036
0
001
0
000
0
000
21
0
000
eO
00
0
033
0
037
0
033
0
001
0
000
0
00
22
0
000
eO
00
0
062
0
031
0
030
0
001
0
000
0
000
23
0
000
0
000
eO
00
0
090
0
027
0
027
0
000
0
000
0
000
24
0
000
0
00
eO
00
0
053
0
026
0
187
0
000
0
000
0
000
25
0
000
0
000
eO
00
0
039
0
192
0
324
0
000
0
000
0
000
26
0
000
0
000
eO
00
0
032
0
295
0
176
0
000
0
000
0
000
27
0
000
0
000
eO
00
0
027
0
40
0
114
0
000
0
000
0
000
28
0
000
0
000
0
005
0
024
0
213
0
086
0
000
0
000
0
000
29
0
000
0
008
0
020
0
188
0
065
0
000
0
000
0
000
30
0
000
0
009
0
019
0
250
0
051
0
000
0
000
0
000
31
0
000
0
002
0
141
0
000
0
000
34
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082501 Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 42243 6.7 LONGITUDE: 0 940 825.1 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #4
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY
MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
0
000
0.000
0
000
eO
003
0
015
0
318
2
0
000
0.000
0
000
eO
004
0
013
0
180
3
0
000
0.000
0
000
eO
004
0
012
0
134
4
0
000
0
000
eO
003
0
017
0
105
5
0
000
0
000
eO
003
0
020
0
142
6
0
000
0
000
eO
003
0
018
0
13 9
7
0
000
0
000
eO
003
0
017
0
106
8
0
000
0
000
0
003
0
015
0
083
9
0
000
0
000
0
003
0
014
0
067
10
0
000
0
000
0
003
0
013
0
057
11
0
000
0
000
0
003
0
012
0
050
12
0
000
0
000
0
024
0
011
0
061
13
0
000
0
000
0
021
0
010
0
063
14
0
000
0
000
0
015
0
010
0
051
15
0
000
0
000
eO
012
0
009
0
042
16
0
000
0
000
eO
010
0
008
0
037
17
0
000
0
000
0
009
0
239
0
032
18
0
000
0
000
0
008
0
120
0
028
19
0
000
0
000
0
008
0
085
0
025
20
0
000
0
000
0
007
0
069
0
021
21
0
000
0
000
0
007
0
058
0
018
22
0
000
0
000
0
007
0
053
0
014
23
0
000
0
000
0
006
0
053
0
011
24
0
000
0
000
0
006
0
045
0
009
25
0
000
0.000
0
000
0
006
0
040
0
010
26
0
000
0.000
0
000
0
009
0
036
0
009
27
0
000
0.000
0
000
0
026
0
129
0
008
28
0
000
0.000
0
000
0
022
0
205
0
006
29
0
000
0.000
0
000
0
019
0
238
0
006
30
0
000
0.000
0
001
0
017
0
615
0
005
31
0
000
0.000
0
016
0
005
e
Estimated
35
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG
SEP
0
005
0
085
0
004
0
044
0
004
0
031
0
003
0
021
0
003
0
027
0
005
0
031
0
007
0
022
0
006
0
018
0
005
0
019
0
005
0
040
0
004
0
031
0
003
0
030
0
003
0
035
0
003
0
030
0
003
0
025
0
003
0
022
0
002
0
019
eO
002
0
015
eO
002
0
014
eO
002
0
026
eO
002
0
026
eO
002
0
026
eO
002
0
027
eO
002
0
063
0
001
0
066
0
001
0
056
0
001
0
058
0
002
0
058
0
012
0
054
0
013
0
052
0
030
-------
Appendix 2.7Discharge, Smeltzer west oxbow outlet near Otho, I A
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422438 0 940827 01 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422438.3 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.5 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #4, from script
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.076
0.220
0
095
0
000
0
000
2
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.207
0.167
0
094
0
000
0
000
3
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.276
0.136
0
086
0
000
0
000
4
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.289
0.124
0
077
0
000
0
000
5
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.286
0.122
0
064
0
000
0
000
6
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.270
0.112
0
043
0
000
0
000
7
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.256
0.097
0
024
0
000
0
000
8
0
000
0
000
0
000
0.201
0.096
0
010
0
000
0
000
9
0
000
0
286
0
000
0.211
0.124
0
004
0
000
0
000
10
0
000
0
111
0
004
0.244
0.150
0
000
0
000
0
000
11
0
000
0
040
0
021
0.217
0.156
0
000
0
000
0
000
12
0
000
0
002
0
012
0.189
0.146
0
000
0
000
0
000
13
eO
000
0
000
0
009
0.174
0.133
0
000
0
000
0
000
14
eO
000
0
000
0
070
0.165
0.104
0
000
0
000
0
000
15
eO
000
0
024
0
062
0.167
0.116
0
000
0
000
0
000
16
eO
000
0
253
0
023
0.166
0.127
0
000
0
000
0
000
17
eO
000
0
182
0
046
0.161
0.118
0
000
0
000
0
000
18
eO
000
0
077
0
218
0.158
0.111
0
000
0
000
0
000
19
eO
000
0
005
0
110
0.189
0.093
0
000
0
000
0
000
20
eO
000
0
000
0
046
0.210
0.075
0
000
0
000
0
000
21
0
000
0
000
0
041
0.204
0.062
0
000
0
000
0
000
22
0
000
0
000
0
077
0.119
0.055
0
000
0
000
0
000
23
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
148
0.086
0.056
0
000
0
000
0
000
24
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
102
0.075
0 .801
0
000
0
000
0
000
25
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
099
0.187
0.530
0
000
0
000
0
000
26
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
097
0.279
0.290
0
000
0
000
0
000
27
0
000
0
000
0
094
0
083
2.514
0.194
0
000
0
000
0
000
28
0
000
0
000
0
085
0
085
0.353
0.134
0
000
0
000
0
000
29
0
000
0
029
0
076
0.339
0 .106
0
000
0
000
0
000
30
0
000
0
027
0
072
0.359
0 .091
0
000
0
000
0
000
31
0
000
0
010
0.285
0
000
0
000
36
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422438 0 940827 01 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 42243 8.3 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.5 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #4, from script
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
1
0
000
2
0
000
3
0
000
4
0
000
5
0
000
6
0
000
7
0
000
8
0
000
9
0
000
10
0
000
11
0
000
12
0
000
13
0
000
14
0
000
15
0
000
16
0
000
17
0
000
18
0
000
19
0
000
20
0
000
21
0
000
22
0
000
23
0
000
24
0
000
25
0
000
26
0
000
27
0
000
28
0
000
29
0
000
30
0
000
31
0
000
NOV
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
MEAN VALUES
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
792
0
000
0
039
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
196
0
000
0
083
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
169
0
000
0
054
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
141
0
000
0
036
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
135
0
000
0
051
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
143
0
000
0
040
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
125
0
000
0
027
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
120
0
000
0
021
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
134
0
000
0
027
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
136
0
000
0
057
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
119
0
000
0
038
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
125
0
000
0
039
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
12 9
0
000
0
036
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
105
0
000
0
029
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
085
0
000
0
025
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
076
0
000
0
016
0
000
0
000
0
161
0
063
0
000
0
014
0
000
0
000
0
149
0
046
0
000
0
008
0
000
0
000
0
105
0
032
0
000
0
003
0
000
0
000
0
087
0
019
0
000
0
029
0
000
0
000
0
079
0
002
0
000
0
020
0
000
0
000
0
102
0
000
0
000
0
015
0
000
0
000
0
113
0
000
0
000
0
010
0
000
0
000
0
107
0
000
0
000
0
047
0
000
0
000
0
091
0
000
0
000
0
050
0
000
0
000
0
071
0
000
0
000
0
036
0.000
0
000
0
000
0
173
0
000
0
000
0
046
0.000
0
000
0
000
0
290
0
000
0
000
0
047
0.000
0
000
0
000
0
336
0
000
0
000
0
035
0.000
0
000
0
000
2
316
0
000
0
000
0
036
0.000
0
000
0
000
0
000
37
-------
Appendix 2.8Altitude of water in Smeltzer East oxbow near Otho, I A
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432 0 940817 01 Smeltzer East Oxbow near Otho, IA (S4) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is WORKING
DD #2, oxbow
Gage height, feet
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
3.786
5
321
8
349
8
558
8
715
8.511
7
159
6.204
2
3.787
5
306
8
305
8
783
8
692
8.496
7
125
6.166
3
3.788
5
300
8
265
9
124
8
651
8.479
7
098
6.133
4
5
296
8
228
9
288
8
572
8. 464
7
059
6.107
5
8
189
9
148
8
586
8.449
7
024
6.081
6
8
157
8
698
8
571
8.424
6
992
6.054
7
8
123
8
585
8
560
8.394
6
957
6.022
8
5
244
8
094
8
614
8
574
8.364
6
918
6.003
9
8
297
8
166
8
737
8
660
8.337
6
883
5. 981
10
4.224
8
524
8
348
8
669
8
669
8.299
6
844
5. 947
11
4.537
8
543
8
432
8
574
8
65 6
8.244
6
823
5. 927
12
4.572
8
481
8
417
8
596
8
685
8.189
6
879
5. 896
13
4.841
8
408
8
393
8
601
8
617
8.131
6
838
5. 860
14
5.266
8
388
8
458
8
610
8
577
8.086
6
796
5. 831
15
5.315
8
510
8
446
8
586
8
606
8.038
6
761
5.807
16
5.301
8
486
8
420
8
581
8
607
7 . 981
6
723
5. 787
17
5.298
8
428
8
535
8
611
8
584
7 . 928
6
687
5. 782
18
5.305
8
412
8
822
8
618
8
549
7 .865
6
651
5. 800
19
5.267
8
379
8
601
8
632
8
493
7 .799
6
618
5. 7 92
20
5.225
8
339
8
550
8
657
8
472
7 . 738
6
586
5.852
21
5.226
8
294
8
563
8
606
8
456
7 . 684
6
554
5. 841
22
5.262
8
259
8
631
8
544
8
441
7 . 627
6
527
5 .813
23
0
993
5 .281
8
230
8
751
8
521
8
435
7 .565
6
499
5.7 93
24
0
992
5 .269
8
195
8
614
8
498
8
878
7 .510
6
477
5.776
25
0
994
5 .280
8
165
8
599
8
857
9
292
7 .459
6
460
5. 697
26
0
993
5 .294
8
144
8
575
9
206
8
607
7 .407
6
439
5. 641
27
0
995
5 .311
8
254
8
559
9
704
8
553
7 .349
6
376
5. 619
28
0
997
5 .310
8
529
8
554
9
188
8
536
7 .300
6
319
5. 604
29
0
997
8
509
8
549
8
776
8
534
7 .254
6
285
5.587
30
0
995
8
460
8
550
8
997
8
516
7 .223
6
254
5.566
31
2
115
8
407
8
727
7 .197
6
222
38
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432 0 940817 01 Smeltzer East Oxbow near Otho, IA (S4) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is WORKING
DD #2, oxbow
Gage height, feet
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
5.545
5.460
5.390
5.000
4 .193
5. 710
7.870
7 .745
8.230
7.789
8
678
2
5.523
5.454
5.393
4. 982
4 .283
5. 605
7.849
7 .755
8.188
8
817
7 .738
8
505
3
5.518
5.440
5.401
4.892
4.234
5.538
7 .837
7.746
8 .140
8
530
7 .690
8
457
4
5.574
5.430
5.416
5.009
4 .293
5.511
7 .851
7 .735
8.172
8
475
7 . 640
8
443
5
5. 602
5.468
5.375
4. 927
4 .350
5.482
7 .829
7 .718
8 .135
8
552
7 . 601
8
500
6
5.592
5.556
5.296
4. 698
4 .193
5.510
7 .811
7 . 692
8.096
8
519
7 . 654
8
489
7
5.594
5 .553
5.204
4. 688
4 .021
5 . 5 65
7 .802
7 . 670
8.049
8
497
7 .714
8
479
8
5.569
5.547
5.197
4.739
3 . 944
5. 629
7 .788
7 . 674
7 . 992
8
482
7 . 693
8
485
9
5.544
5.542
5.300
4. 682
3 . 928
5. 897
7 .760
7 . 670
7 . 944
8
477
7 . 658
8
516
10
5.522
5.537
5.315
4.769
3. 928
6. 655
7 . 733
7 . 649
7 . 907
8
475
7 . 622
8
587
11
5.512
5.531
5.307
5.061
3.890
7 . 625
7 .703
7 . 652
7 .872
8
472
7 .586
8
555
12
5.495
5.514
5.294
5.059
3.858
7 . 986
7 . 692
8.068
7 .823
8
510
7 .538
8
583
13
5.473
5.503
5.305
5.269
4.003
8 .121
7 . 822
8.2 63
7 .767
8
496
7 .490
8
582
14
5.460
5.515
5.325
5.406
4.269
8 .392
7 . 903
8.285
7 .717
8
474
7 .452
8
575
15
5.515
5.512
5.301
5.255
4.228
8 .424
7 .893
8.275
7 . 672
8
452
7 .440
8
571
16
5.508
5.520
5.283
5.205
4.236
8.366
7 .884
8 .258
7 . 632
8
438
7 .429
8
55 6
17
5.498
5.547
5.307
5.067
4.362
8 .308
7 .862
8.233
9.132
8
420
7 .403
8
537
18
5.483
5.557
5.311
4. 953
5.057
8.272
7 .840
8.198
8 . 636
8
391
7 .369
8
518
19
5.474
5.550
5.340
5.069
5.757
8 .237
7 . 819
8.164
8.562
8
358
7 .341
8
503
20
5.464
5.540
5.317
5.405
5. 964
8 .192
1.198
8.131
8.538
8
320
7 .340
8
587
21
5.449
5.531
5.255
5.111
6.050
8 .154
1.787
8.096
8.508
8
280
7 .289
8
555
22
5.459
5.464
5.233
4.775
6.034
8 .099
7 . 756
8.041
8.515
8
238
7 .239
8
539
23
5.461
5.440
5.193
4.394
6.022
8 .044
7 . 734
7 .996
8.514
8
182
7 .270
8
537
24
5.457
5.406
5.098
4.345
5. 985
8 .003
7 . 736
7 . 953
8.480
8
134
7 .272
8
662
25
5.451
5.404
5.148
4.7 93
5. 962
1.916
7 .719
7 . 912
8 .441
8
148
7 .254
8
62 9
26
5.445
5.430
5.234
4. 918
5. 944
1 . 956
7 . 920
8.398
8
110
7 .236
8
614
27
5.433
5.395
5.254
4.707
5. 912
7 . 932
8.405
8. 601
8
060
7 .206
8
651
28
5.427
5.394
5 .355
4.232
5.896
7 . 934
8.392
8.729
8
001
7 .226
8
631
29
5.427
5.372
5.372
4.182
7 . 916
7 . 664
8.353
8.767
7
943
7 . 643
8
623
30
5.446
5.394
5.043
4.375
7 . 904
7 . 690
8.314
9.500
7
891
7 .784
8
636
31
5.463
5.002
4.414
7 . 901
8.274
7
839
7 .859
39
-------
Appendix 2.9.Discharge, Smeltzer East oxbow inlet near Otho, I A
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432094081701 Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
0
000
0
001
eO
01
0
003
0
034
0
008
2
0
000
0
000
0
01
0
121
0
023
0
008
3
0
00
0
000
0
000
0
264
0
017
0
007
4
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
234
0
016
0
007
5
eO
00
0
000
0
000
0
135
0
018
0
006
6
eO
00
0
000
0
000
0
032
0
017
0
006
7
eO
00
0
000
0
000
0
019
0
016
0
005
8
eO
01
0
009
0
000
0
017
0
016
0
005
9
0
012
0
251
0
000
0
039
0
014
0
005
10
0
007
0
063
0
005
0
026
0
012
0
004
11
eO
01
0
004
0
009
0
019
0
011
0
004
12
eO
02
eO
00
0
006
0
016
0
010
0
003
13
0
029
eO
00
0
003
0
012
0
009
0
003
14
0
006
eO
03
0
024
0
008
0
008
0
003
15
0
00
0
055
0
013
0
007
0
008
0
002
16
eO
00
0
058
0
007
0
006
0
007
0
002
17
eO
00
0
022
0
052
0
005
0
007
0
002
18
0
03
0
010
0
191
0
004
0
007
0
002
19
0
048
0
003
0
030
0
004
0
007
0
002
20
0
021
eO
01
0
014
0
004
0
006
0
001
21
0
011
eO
01
0
011
0
005
0
006
0
001
22
0
00
0
008
eO
01
0
054
0
006
0
006
0
001
23
0
000
0
01
eO
00
0
060
0
006
0
006
0
000
24
0
000
0
00
eO
00
0
016
0
006
0
130
0
000
25
0
000
0
04
eO
01
0
011
0
116
0
220
0
000
26
0
000
0
005
eO
01
0
008
0
217
0
029
0
000
27
0
000
0
001
0
030
0
006
0
417
0
017
0
000
28
0
000
0
001
0
044
0
005
0
236
0
013
0
000
29
0
000
0
028
0
004
0
114
0
011
0
000
30
0
000
0
005
0
003
0
168
0
009
0
000
31
0
000
0
001
0
051
0
000
40
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG
0.000 0
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0 .
0
000
0 .
0
000
0 .
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0 .
0
000
0 .
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0 .
0
000
0 .
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
0.
0
000
SEP
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432 0 940817 01 Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
000
0
000
0
000
eO
135
0
006
eO
243
0
000
0
104
2
0
000
0
000
0
000
eO
034
0
005
0
106
0
000
0
023
3
0
000
0
000
0
000
eO
010
0
002
0
015
0
000
0
018
4
0
000
0
000
0
000
eO
003
0
001
0
012
0
000
0
016
5
0
000
0
000
0
000
eO
001
0
005
0
043
0
000
0
028
6
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
005
0
019
eO
000
0
019
7
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
005
0
014
0
000
0
016
8
0
000
0
000
0
000
eO
000
0
005
0
012
0
000
0
014
9
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
004
0
010
0
000
0
025
10
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
004
0
009
0
000
0
025
11
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
004
0
009
0
000
0
017
12
0
000
0
000
0
001
0
047
0
002
0
010
0
000
0
022
13
0
000
0
000
0
001
0
013
0
000
0
010
0
000
0
018
14
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
008
0
000
0
009
0
000
0
016
15
0
000
0
000
eO
001
0
000
0
006
0
000
0
009
eO
000
eO
014
16
0
000
eO
001
0
000
0
004
0
000
0
008
0
000
0
014
17
0
000
eO
001
0
000
0
003
0
344
0
009
0
000
0
013
18
0
000
0
001
0
000
0
001
0
036
0
009
0
000
0
013
19
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
001
0
025
0
009
0
000
0
014
20
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
023
0
008
eO
000
0
036
21
0
000
eO
000
0
000
0
000
0
022
0
007
0
000
0
021
22
0
000
eO
000
0
000
eO
000
0
023
0
007
0
000
0
020
23
0
000
eO
000
0
000
0
000
0
025
0
006
eO
000
0
020
24
0
000
0
000
eO
000
0
000
0
025
eO
005
0
000
0
064
25
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
000
0
025
0
004
eO
000
0
027
26
0
000
0
000
eO
000
0
037
0
027
0
003
eO
000
0
025
27
0
000
0
000
eO
000
0
026
0
147
0
003
0
000
0
037
28
0
000
0
000
eO
053
0
010
0
220
0
001
eO
000
0
026
29
0
000
0
000
eO
080
0
007
0
203
0
000
0
035
0
024
30
0
000
0
000
eO
106
0
006
0
541
0
000
0
006
0
046
31
0
000
0
000
0
006
eO
000
0
055
e
Estimated
41
-------
Appendix 2.10Water level in monitoring well SW1
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082901 088N28W29BBDA 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (Wl) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 6.0 LONGITUDE: 0 940829.0 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.6 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 1101.34 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
4. 93
7 .00
8. 96
5.10
7 .10
9.13
5.25
7 .23
9.26
5.40
7 .31
9.35
5.53
7 .24
9.45
5 . 65
7 .24
9.48
5.77
7 .33
9.47
5. 92
7 .44
9.56
5. 98
7 .51
9.59
6.13
7 . 61
9.71
6.20
7 . 62
9.88
6.21
7 . 63
10.0
6.28
7 .72
10.09
6.39
7 .81
CO
o
o
6.48
7 .84
10.09
6.49
7 . 90
10.31
6.46
7 . 97
10.33
6.40
o
o
CO
10.23
6.37
8.01
10.27
6.49
8.03
10.43
5. 69
6.52
8.09
10 .53
5.76
6.54
8.21
10 .57
CO
6.70
8.32
10 . 62
5.66
6.78
8.39
10 . 67
4.14
6.79
8.47
10 .75
3.49
6.83
CO
o
CO
o
CO
6.89
8.53
10 .87
CO
o
6. 90
8. 63
10 . 91
4.35
6. 99
8.75
11.04
4. 69
7 .01
8.79
11.02
7 .03
8.86
42
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082901 088N28W29BBDA 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (Wl) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 6.0 LONGITUDE: 0 940829.0 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.6 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 1101.34 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
11.09
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12 .03
12. 05
9.51
7 .03
2
11.21
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12 .03
12. 05
8.96
7.09
3
11.21
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12 .03
12. 05
8.72
7 .23
4
11.26
12.01
12.04
12.03
12.03
12 .03
12. 05
8.73
7 .19
5
11.32
12.04
12 .04
12. 03
12.03
12.03
12.05
8.70
7.29
6
11.36
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12 .03
12. 05
8.70
7 .32
7
11.49
12.04
12.04
12.03
12 .03
12. 03
12.05
8.70
7 .34
8
11.56
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12 .03
12. 05
8.81
7 .42
9
11. 61
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12 .03
12.05
8. 95
10
11. 64
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.03
12 .05
9.06
11
11.58
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.03
12 .05
9.11
12
11.70
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.03
12 .05
8. 85
13
11. 90
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.03
12 .01
7 . 92
14
11.87
12.04
12.04
12.03
12 .03
12. 04
11.47
7 .34
15
11.70
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .78
7 .31
16
11.81
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10.21
7 .45
17
11.85
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .14
7 .57
18
11. 93
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
CO
o
o
7 . 61
19
11. 93
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
9. 96
7 .57
20
11. 93
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
9. 93
7 . 61
21
o
o
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .0
7 . 75
22
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10.13
7 .88
23
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .13
7 . 90
24
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .07
7 . 87
25
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .21
7 . 82
26
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .29
7 . 80
27
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .24
7 . 42
28
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.03
12.05
10 .04
6. 94
29
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.05
9.87
6. 93
30
11. 99
12.04
12.04
12.03
12.05
9.85
7 .00
31
11. 99
12.04
12.03
12.05
7 .04
43
-------
Appendix 2.11Water level in monitoring well SW2
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082801 088N28W29BBDA 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (W2) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 42243 6.4 LONGITUDE: 0 940828.4 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.5 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM
Lowest aging status in period is WORKING
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
3.28
3.33
3.37
2.33
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
1088.97 NAVD88
AUG SEP
4.62 5.66
4.67 5.69
4.70 5.71
4.73 5.75
4.76 5.78
4.81 5.80
4.86 5.83
4.90 5.88
4.94 5.89
4.98 5.93
5.01 5.97
4.99 6.00
5.03 6.02
5.07 6.04
5.09 6.05
5.13 6.09
5.16 6.09
5.19 6.10
5.22 6.13
5.26 6.15
5.30 6.17
5.34 6.18
5.36 6.20
5.40 6.23
5.42 6.25
5.46 6.27
5.49 6.29
5.52 6.32
5.55 6.34
5.58 6.35
5.62
44
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082801 088N28W29BBDA 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (W2) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 6.4 LONGITUDE: 0 940828.4 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.5 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 1088.97 NAVD88
Lowest aging status in period is WORKING
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
6
39
6
77
6
89
7 .02
7 .07
7 .07
5. 94
5
19
4.09
0.31
2
6
41
6
79
6
86
7 .03
7 .10
7 .07
5. 91
5
07
4 .13
1.20
3
6
43
6
78
6
88
6. 98
7 .10
7 .05
5.89
5
00
4.17
1. 69
4
6
45
6
79
6
90
7 .02
7 .11
7 .04
5. 90
4
94
4 .15
2. 05
5
6
47
6
79
6
94
7 .03
7 .13
7 .07
5.89
4
90
4.16
1. 91
6
6
48
6
81
6
95
7 .02
7 .12
7 .05
5. 87
4
86
4.16
1. 99
7
6
50
6
81
6
95
7 .04
7 .11
7 .06
5. 85
4
84
4.18
2.27
8
6
51
6
78
6
90
7.06
7 .11
7.09
5.86
4
84
4 .21
2.46
9
6
53
6
82
6
92
7 .03
7 .15
7 .06
5. 83
4
83
2. 63
10
6
54
6
83
6
93
7 .02
7 .16
7.06
5.84
4
81
2.75
11
6
54
6
84
6
96
7 .05
7 .14
6. 96
5 .82
4
79
4.19
2.86
12
6
58
6
85
6
94
7 .04
7 .13
6.88
5.79
4
66
4.15
2.86
13
6
60
6
80
6
94
7 .02
7 .13
6.78
5.78
4
38
4.18
2.87
14
6
58
6
80
6
96
7 .01
7 .17
6.48
5 .73
4
18
4.19
2. 98
15
6
59
6
82
6
96
7 .00
7 .16
6.30
5 . 62
4
07
4.24
3.07
16
6
62
6
80
6
96
7 .01
7 .18
6.23
5 .54
4
01
4.28
3.14
17
6
62
6
84
6
97
7 .03
7 .16
6.15
5.54
4
00
1.44
3 .19
18
6
64
6
88
6
94
7 .02
7 .17
6.12
5.49
3
99
1. 93
3.24
19
6
64
6
86
6
97
7 .03
7 .17
6.11
5.46
3
97
2 .37
3.28
20
6
65
6
86
6
97
7 .02
7 .04
6.09
5 .44
4
01
2. 63
3.32
21
6
68
6
90
6
98
6. 99
7 .02
6.07
5 .44
4
07
2.84
3.36
22
6
68
6
90
6
99
6. 98
7 .02
6.09
5 .42
4
11
2. 98
23
6
69
6
91
7
01
7 .02
7 .02
6.06
5.39
4
13
3.04
24
6
71
6
87
6
99
6. 95
7 .02
6.04
5 .38
4
15
3.16
25
6
70
6
85
7
00
7 .00
7 .02
6.03
5 .38
4
18
3.25
26
6
71
6
89
7
01
6. 99
7 .00
6.00
5.36
4
20
3.31
27
6
71
6
88
7
01
7 .07
7 .02
5. 98
5 .32
4
17
2.82
28
6
75
6
90
6
99
7 .03
7 .02
6.03
5.30
4
13
1.71
29
6
74
6
90
7
01
7 .01
5. 99
5.30
4
10
1.05
30
6
73
6
88
7
00
7 .04
5. 94
5.27
4
10
0 .24
31
6
73
7
02
7 .08
5. 92
4
09
45
-------
Appendix 2.12Water level in monitoring well SW3
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422437 094082701 088N28W29BBDA 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (W3) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422437.0 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.3 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 13.8 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRCU DATUM: 1092.22 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
46
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422437 094082701 088N28W29BBDA 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (W3) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422437.0 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.3 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 13.8 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRCU DATUM: 1092.22 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY
MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
7 .19
7 .48
7.49
7.71
7 . 94
7 . 97
6. 85
5.27
5.20
2
7 .20
7 .53
7 .45
7 .72
7 . 97
7 . 97
6.80
5.07
5.26
3
7 .21
7 .51
7 .47
7 . 66
7 . 97
7 . 94
6.71
5.09
5.31
4
7 .22
7 .47
7 .50
7 . 69
7 . 99
7 . 93
6. 68
5.16
5.29
5
7 .23
7 .43
7 .57
7 .75
o
o
CO
7 . 98
6. 64
5.22
5.26
6
7 .24
7 .45
7.59
7.74
o
o
CO
7 . 97
6.59
5.27
5.25
7
7 .27
7 .47
7 .58
7 .73
7 . 98
7 . 96
6.56
5.33
5.27
8
7 .27
7 .41
7 .51
7.78
7 . 98
CO
o
6.54
5.38
5.30
9
7 .28
7. 44
7 .53
7 .75
CO
o
7 . 98
6.51
5.42
10
7 .28
7 .47
7 .54
7.71
8.04
7 . 96
6.49
5. 45
11
7 .27
7 .48
7 . 60
7 .75
8.03
7 . 96
6.47
5.47
12
7 .31
7 .50
7.56
7.76
8.01
7 . 96
6.44
4. 95
13
7 .34
7 .42
7 .54
7.79
8.01
7 . 90
6.40
4.59
14
7 .31
7 .40
7 .58
7 .82
8.06
7 .87
6.20
4. 69
15
7.29
7 .41
7 .58
7 .82
o
CO
7.89
5 . 98
o
CO
16
7 .34
7 .38
7.59
7.78
o
CO
7 .84
5 .81
CO
CO
17
7 .34
7 .44
7 . 61
7 .84
o
CO
7 .73
5 .75
4. 95
18
7.36
7 .52
7 .57
o
CO
CO
o
CO
7 . 65
5.70
4. 99
19
7 .35
7.49
7 . 60
7 .81
8.11
7 . 61
5 . 68
5. 03
20
7.36
7 .45
7 . 62
7.86
CO
o
7 .54
5. 68
5.09
21
7 .40
7 .51
7 . 62
7 .88
CO
o
CO
7.46
5 . 69
5. 15
22
7 .40
7 .53
7 . 65
7 .85
o
CO
7 .43
5.70
5.20
23
7 .42
7 .54
7 . 68
7 . 90
8.09
7 .37
5.70
5.24
24
7 .45
7 .48
7 . 65
7 .81
CO
o
7.29
5.71
5.28
25
7 .44
7 .44
7 . 64
7 .84
CO
o
7 .23
5 .73
5.33
26
7 .43
7 .48
7 . 66
7 .84
7 . 97
7 .15
5.73
5.36
27
7 .43
7.49
7 . 67
7 . 94
7 . 96
7 .07
5 .72
5. 05
28
7 .48
7 .50
7 . 65
7 . 91
7 . 93
CO
o
5 . 64
5. 04
29
7.46
7 .51
7.70
7 .87
7 .03
5.56
5.07
30
7 .44
7 .48
7 . 68
CO
CO
6. 94
5.49
5.12
31
7 .43
7.70
7 . 95
6.87
5.16
47
-------
Appendix 2.13Water level in monitoring well SW4
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422437 094082501 088N28W29BADB 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (W4) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422437.9 LONGITUDE: 0 94 0825.8 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.7 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 108 9.43 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
48
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422437 094082501 088N28W29BADB 2013Smeltzer West Oxbow (W4) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422437.9 LONGITUDE: 0 94 0825.8 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.7 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 108 9.43 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
5.45
5.36
5.36
5. 63
6
04
5 .10
5.26
4
29
4.57
CO
CO
o
2
5.45
5.36
5.34
5. 64
6
06
5 .20
5.25
4
34
4.58
2.11
3
5.46
5.37
5.33
5.57
6
09
5 .31
5.22
4
44
4.58
2.76
4
5.40
5.44
5.32
5.43
6
10
5 .40
5.18
4
52
4.49
3.18
5
5.37
5.52
5.33
5.41
6
11
5.46
5.18
4
57
4.49
3.18
6
5.37
5.46
5.37
5.57
6
15
5.46
5.17
4
61
4.48
3.15
7
5.38
5.37
5.42
5.72
6
20
5.44
5.10
4
61
4 .50
3. 41
8
5.41
5.33
5.46
5.80
6
26
5 .42
5. 08
4
62
4.55
3. 61
9
5.44
5.33
5.47
5.85
6
30
5.21
5.06
4
63
3.77
10
5.46
5.36
5.50
5.89
6
33
4.03
5 .08
4
66
3.88
11
5.46
5.35
5.51
5.88
6
36
3.85
5 .05
4
64
4.52
3. 97
12
5.45
5.36
5.52
5.83
6
40
4.10
5 .03
3
86
4.48
3. 95
13
5.46
5.36
5.52
5. 69
6
42
4.25
4.81
3
96
4 .47
3. 96
14
5.48
5.36
5.53
5.36
6
41
4.31
4.74
4
36
4.50
4.05
15
5.42
5.35
5.54
5.13
6
41
4.37
4.81
4
55
4.53
4 .14
16
5.41
5.35
5.54
5.07
6
42
4.46
4 .85
4
65
4.52
4.21
17
5.39
5.33
5.53
5.20
6
41
4. 60
4 .87
4
72
2. 66
4.28
18
5.37
5.33
5.53
5.24
6
28
4.74
4 .85
4
78
3.24
4.33
19
5.39
5.31
5.53
5.24
5
60
4.80
4 .81
4
80
3. 68
4.38
20
5.40
5.32
5.54
5.29
5
11
4.83
4 .81
4
81
3.79
4.44
21
5.39
5.32
5.55
5.32
4
89
4.86
4 .81
4
85
3. 95
4.50
22
5.36
5.33
5.54
5.42
4
91
4. 91
4.84
4
86
4.01
23
5.34
5.34
5.54
5.56
4
96
o
o
4 .83
4
85
4.02
24
5.35
5.35
5.57
5. 69
4
97
5.16
4.72
4
81
4.09
25
5.35
5.36
5.59
5.71
4
98
5.22
4.76
4
75
4.16
26
5.36
5.35
5.59
5. 69
4
95
5.28
4.78
4
65
4.22
27
5.35
5.36
5.59
5.70
4
99
5.22
4.74
4
32
3. 97
28
5.36
5.37
5.57
5.84
5
01
5.16
4 . 67
4
42
3.55
29
5.38
5.38
5.56
5. 95
--
5.22
4. 63
4
49
2 . 90
30
5.36
5.37
5. 60
5. 99
5.21
4.57
4
53
1.01
31
5.33
5. 62
6.00
5.17
4
55
49
-------
Appendix 2.14Water level in monitoring well SW6
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433094081901 088N28W29BACD 2013Smeltzer East Oxbow (W6) TYPE:WELL AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.0 LONGITUDE: 0 94 0819.2 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.6 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 108 9.30 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
50
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433094081901 088N28W29BACD 2013Smeltzer East Oxbow (W6) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.0 LONGITUDE: 0 94 0819.2 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 12.6 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 108 9.30 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER
YEAR OCTOBER
2013 TO
SEPTEMBER
2014
DAILY
MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
7.71
6
94
6
70
6
85
7 .23
6.71
4. 10
3.39
3.06
2
7 .81
7
12
6
56
6
92
7 .34
6.74
4.10
3.27
3.14
3
7.86
7
04
6
59
6
75
7 .31
6. 64
3. 99
3.32
3 .23
4
7 . 91
7
01
6
66
6
79
7.39
6.51
4. 05
3.39
3.17
5
7 .87
7
06
6
90
7
01
7 .41
6. 62
4.07
3.38
3.19
6
7.78
7
04
6
98
6
98
7.39
6.58
3. 98
3.40
3.23
7
7.74
7
05
6
97
6
90
7 .32
6.51
3. 96
3.42
3.28
8
7 . 69
6
86
6
73
7
04
7 .30
6. 69
4. 02
3.51
3.34
9
7 . 67
6
89
6
74
6
99
7 .41
6 .55
3. 97
3.57
10
7 . 66
7
00
6
76
6
83
7 .41
6.40
3 . 99
3.58
11
7 . 62
6
99
6
93
6
90
7 .42
6.35
4 .04
3.58
12
7 . 67
7
08
6
81
6
89
7 .41
6.25
3. 95
3.31
13
7.74
6
80
6
70
6
96
7 .37
5.83
3 .83
2. 93
14
7 . 65
6
67
6
78
7
01
7.46
5.43
3.55
2.81
15
7 .53
6
70
6
76
6
96
7.49
5.13
3 .47
2.79
16
7 .50
6
59
6
75
6
76
7 .54
4.81
3 .41
2. 84
17
7 .44
6
71
6
81
6
88
7 .50
4.36
3 . 62
2. 91
18
7 .42
6
99
6
69
6
78
7 .47
4.26
3 . 63
2. 96
19
7.36
6
90
6
71
6
83
7.49
4.36
3.59
2. 95
20
7 .32
6
76
6
75
6
80
7 .38
4.29
3 . 61
3. 04
21
7 .35
6
89
6
74
6
78
7.29
4.19
3. 66
3.16
22
7 .31
6
99
6
84
6
67
7 .21
4.32
3 .72
3.23
23
7.29
6
98
7
00
6
91
7 .13
4.27
3. 68
3.26
24
7 .28
6
79
6
89
6
68
6. 97
4.15
3 . 65
3.29
25
7 .21
6
62
6
81
6
82
6.85
4.16
3 .73
3.32
26
7.09
6
74
6
82
6
85
6. 65
4.06
3.74
3.35
27
7 .04
6
76
6
82
7
19
6. 62
3. 98
3. 69
3.17
28
7 .15
6
77
6
72
7
10
6.53
4.19
3 .57
3. 03
29
7 .10
6
82
6
85
6
96
4.17
3.58
3.01
30
6. 96
6
68
6
79
6
96
4.00
3.59
3.05
31
6.86
6
80
7
24
3. 91
3.07
51
-------
Appendix 2.15Water level in monitoring well SW8
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433094081601 088N28W29BADC 2013Smeltzer East Oxbow (W8) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.7 LONGITUDE: 0 94 0816.9 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 11.9 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 10 90.12 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
52
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433094081601 088N28W29BADC 2013Smeltzer East Oxbow (W8) TYPE:WELL AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.7 LONGITUDE: 0940816.9 NAD83 WELL DEPTH: 11.9 GEOLOGIC UNIT:110QRNR DATUM: 1090.12 NAVD88
DD #1
Depth to water level, feet below land surface
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
6.48
7 .54
12.20
12.57
12.83
13 .10
4
94
4.13
3. 94
2
6.51
7 .58
12.21
12.58
12.84
13 .10
4
91
4.05
4.00
3
6.54
7 . 61
12.22
12.58
12.85
13 .10
4
89
4.09
4.05
4
6.57
9.15
12.23
12.59
12.86
13 .10
4
87
4.14
4.02
5
6. 60
11. 67
12.25
12. 60
12.87
13 .11
4
86
4.17
4.02
6
6. 63
11.71
12.27
12. 61
12.88
13 .11
4
84
4.21
4.06
7
6. 67
11.74
12 .29
12. 62
12.8 9
13.11
4
82
4.24
4.09
8
6.70
11.76
12.30
12. 63
12. 90
13 .12
4
81
4.28
4.13
9
6.73
11.78
12.31
12.64
12 . 91
13.11
4
79
4.30
10
6.77
11.81
12.32
12. 64
12. 93
13.11
4
79
4.32
11
6.80
11.84
12.34
12. 65
12. 93
13.11
4
78
4.33
12
6.83
11.87
12.35
12. 65
12. 94
13.12
4
77
3. 88
13
6.87
11.88
12.36
12. 67
12. 95
13.11
4
75
3.50
14
6. 91
11. 90
12.37
12. 68
12. 96
11.39
4
64
3.58
15
6. 94
11. 91
12.38
12. 69
12. 97
9.15
4
50
3. 65
16
6. 98
11. 92
12.39
12. 69
12. 99
9.14
4
42
3.71
17
7 .02
11. 94
12.41
12.71
12. 99
9.13
4
42
3.77
18
7.06
11. 97
12.41
12.71
13.00
9.11
4
41
3.82
19
7.09
11. 99
12.42
12.72
13.02
9.09
4
41
3.86
20
7 .12
12.01
12.44
12.73
13.02
8. 92
4
42
3. 91
21
7 .16
12.03
12.45
12.74
13.04
6.12
4
43
3. 96
22
7 .20
12.06
12.46
12.75
13.05
5.27
4
45
4. 02
23
7 .24
12.08
12.48
12.77
13.06
5.23
4
45
4.06
24
7 .28
12.10
12.48
12.7 6
13.07
5.19
4
46
4.11
25
7 .32
12.11
12.49
12.77
13.08
5.16
4
47
4.15
26
7.36
12.12
12.50
12.77
13.08
5.12
4
48
4.18
27
7.39
12.14
12.52
12.7 9
13.09
5.09
4
48
3.88
28
7 .43
12.16
12.52
12.80
13.09
5.06
4
40
3.78
29
7.46
12.18
12.54
12.80
5.03
4
34
3.80
30
7.49
12.19
12.54
12.80
4. 99
4
29
3.85
31
7 .51
12.55
12.82
4. 96
3.89
53
-------
Appendix 2.16Stream discharge, Lyons Creek near Webster City, I A (L3)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:0548 0 98 6 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
LATITUDE: 422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934600.5 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA: CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
o
o
o
3.7
6.8
e3 9
7.5
0
80
o
o
o
2
o
o
o
2.4
15
e2 6
6.3
0
74
o
o
o
3
o
o
o
1.9
27
e2 0
5.5
0
67
o
o
o
4
o
o
o
1.5
50
15
4.7
0
57
o
o
o
5
o
o
o
1.5
61
14
4.2
0
56
o
o
o
6
o
o
o
1.4
35
12
3.7
0
53
o
o
o
7
o
o
o
1.2
21
9.9
3.3
0
47
o
o
o
8
(D
o
CO
1.1
15
8.9
9.6
0
37
o
o
o
9
e22
5.8
17
8.7
35
0
35
o
o
o
10
el3
15
16
8.0
14
0
30
o
o
o
11
e5 . 9
12
13
7.5
8 . 9
0
28
o
o
o
12
e3.7
8.9
10
8.7
6.5
0
25
o
o
o
13
0
.00
e2.4
4.9
9.2
7 . 9
5.2
0
19
o
o
o
14
0
.00
e2.4
9.8
8.2
7.1
4.3
0
15
o
o
o
15
eO
.46
e9.7
11
7.0
6.8
3.7
0
14
o
o
o
16
eO
.15
39
6.2
6.9
6.2
3.2
0
13
o
o
o
17
eO
.21
21
7.8
8.3
5.7
2.8
0
10
o
o
o
18
eO
.14
8.8
36
7 . 9
5.2
2.5
0
08
o
o
o
19
eO
.08
5.9
21
8.6
4.9
2.2
0
04
o
o
o
20
eO
.02
2.2
12
14
4.6
1.8
0
02
o
o
o
21
0
.00
1.3
8.9
12
4.5
1.7
0
00
o
o
o
22
0
.00
1.8
8.6
10
4.2
1.7
0
00
o
o
o
23
0
.00
CO
11
8.7
4.1
2.3
0
00
o
o
o
24
0
.00
2.9
8.6
8.1
99
1.7
0
00
o
o
o
25
eO
.03
1.6
6. 6
53
101
1.5
0
00
o
o
o
26
eO
.01
5.9
5.8
114
63
1.4
0
00
o
o
o
27
0
.00
11
5.0
173
35
1.2
0
00
o
o
o
28
0
.00
13
4.7
132
19
1.1
0
00
o
o
o
29
13
7.7
103
12
1.0
0
00
o
o
o
30
10
9.3
92
9.3
0 . 98
0
00
o
o
o
31
6.4
e60
0. 91
0
00
54
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:0548 0 98 6 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
LATITUDE: 422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934600.5 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA: CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
1
0
00
2
0
00
3
0
00
4
0
00
5
0
00
6
0
00
7
0
00
8
0
00
9
0
00
10
0
00
11
0
00
12
0
00
13
0
00
14
0
00
15
0
00
16
0
00
17
0
00
18
0
00
19
0
00
20
0
00
21
0
00
22
0
00
23
0
00
24
0
00
25
0
00
26
0
00
27
0
00
28
0
00
29
0
00
30
0
00
31
0
00
NOV
0.00
0.00
0.00
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
55
-------
Appendix 2.17Stream discharge, Prairie Creek at Otho, I A (S3)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA: CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
e2 . 6
8.4
19
110
23
1.4
o
o
o
2
e2 .5
5.9
62
106
20
1.3
o
o
o
3
K)
CO
4.5
123
76
17
1.2
o
o
o
4
e2. 9
3.7
164
60
15
1.1
o
o
o
5
K)
CO
3.6
205
54
14
0. 95
o
o
o
6
e2.5
3.5
116
48
12
0.86
o
o
o
7
e3.1
3.2
82
42
11
0. 85
o
o
o
8
e6. 7
e6. 6
3.2
63
38
10
0. 60
o
o
o
9
e6.5
el8
7.7
58
39
9.6
0.55
o
o
o
10
CD
IT)
CO
e46
24
58
39
8.7
0.42
o
o
o
11
el. 0
el5
24
48
36
7 . 9
0.59
o
o
o
12
e6.5
e6. 9
18
40
37
7 .4
1.1
o
o
o
13
e6. 9
e5. 6
12
36
34
6.8
1.0
o
o
o
14
el. 1
e5. 6
19
33
33
6.2
0. 65
o
o
o
15
e6.5
24
24
29
44
5.7
0.39
o
o
o
16
e6.2
98
16
27
47
5.3
0.43
o
o
o
17
e6.2
93
25
29
40
4.8
o
o
o
o
o
o
18
e5.5
53
121
28
34
4.5
0.04
o
o
o
19
e4. 8
e2 9
71
27
30
4.1
0.04
o
o
o
20
e4. 4
16
41
27
27
3.7
0.15
o
o
o
21
e4. 9
11
32
27
24
3.4
0.14
o
o
o
22
e3. 9
11
34
25
22
3.3
0.29
o
o
o
23
e3. 4
13
56
21
21
2.8
0.27
o
o
o
24
e4.1
el2
41
20
236
2.5
0.23
o
o
o
25
e4. 0
e9.8
32
69
335
2.4
0.34
o
o
o
26
e3. 4
10
27
168
162
2.1
0.24
o
o
o
27
e3. 0
28
24
513
90
1.9
0.09
o
o
o
28
e2. 9
39
22
282
54
1.7
o
o
o
o
o
o
29
28
21
179
36
1.6
o
o
o
o
o
o
30
20
20
208
28
1.5
o
o
o
o
o
o
31
14
152
1.5
o
o
o
56
-------
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
e
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA: CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Discharge, cubic feet per second
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY
MEAN VALUES
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
o
o
o
0.00
0.77
2.3
2.1
424
1.3
37
o
o
o
0.00
0 .73
1. 9
1.7
191
1.2
28
o
o
o
0.00
0 .54
1.2
1.8
113
1.0
20
o
o
o
0 . 64
eO. 70
3.0
75
1.2
16
o
o
o
0 .45
eO. 31
2.8
69
0. 99
el6
o
o
o
e0.42
eO .20
3.7
77
2.9
el6
o
o
o
e0.37
eO .27
2.8
55
6.3
el4
o
o
o
e0.38
eO .15
2.3
40
6.4
el4
o
o
o
e0.35
eO .26
1.8
30
e6.8
el5
o
o
o
e0.35
eO .21
2 . 9
25
e6.8
el8
o
o
o
eO. 30
2.2
4.0
20
e6. 9
el9
o
o
o
e0.25
29
5.2
19
e7 .0
el6
o
o
o
eO. 51
15
5.2
18
el .2
el5
o
o
o
el. 1
7 .5
4.7
14
el .1
el3
o
o
o
12
el. 1
4.5
4.8
11
el .5
el2
o
o
o
9.5
eO. 81
3.1
4.9
9.8
e8. 6
ell
o
o
o
5.7
eO. 60
2.3
157
8.7
e9.3
el2
o
o
o
5.0
e0.48
1.6
62
7 . 9
e8. 8
ell
o
o
o
5.4
e0.28
1.3
32
7.3
e8.1
ell
o
o
o
5.0
e0.25
1.5
27
6.7
el. 8
el2
o
o
o
4.8
e0.38
0.76
18
6.4
e9. 6
el4
o
o
o
3.7
e0.52
0.22
15
5.7
elO
el4
o
o
o
2.0
eO. 46
0.31
14
4.2
el2
el3
o
o
o
0.78
eO. 50
0.83
12
3.3
el4
el4
o
o
o
0.74
e0.57
1.5
10
5.0
17
el6
o
o
o
0.36
eO. 62
3.1
8.8
7 .1
18
el4
o
o
o
1.5
e0.86
7.7
12
4.8
19
el4
o
o
o
1.6
1.5
4.6
30
3.0
21
el 6
o
o
o
0.77
1.4
3.5
84
1.7
24
el4
o
o
o
1.2
1.4
2.9
421
1.1
24
el2
o
o
o
2.0
2.3
0.85
24
Estimated
57
-------
Appendix 3.Water quality data
Appendix 3.1Water quality in discrete samples collected from streams, tile inflow, and oxbow discharge in the
Lyons and Prairie Creek study areas
[ <, less than; >, greater than]
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
Nitrate
Ortho-
organic-N),
Ammonia,
plus nitrite,
phosphate,
Phosphorus,
water,
water,
water,
water,
water,
unfiltered,
Discharge,
filtered,
filtered,
filtered,
unfiltered,
analytically
instantaneous,
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
determined,
Sample
Sample
cubic feet per
per liter as
per liter as
per liter as
per liter as
milligrams per
date
time
second
nitrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
liter
Lyons Oxbow Inlet near Webster City, IA (LI)
3/9/2013
1015
0.21
0.85
5.9
0.52
1.2
9.2
3/9/2013
1645
0.07
0.29
7.3
0.67
1.1
11
3/10/2013
0450
0.02
0.29
12
0.44
0.80
13
3/10/2013
1650
0.05
0.46
9.2
0.46
0.62
23
3/11/2013
1650
0.02
0.11
9.8
0.37
0.45
11
3/27/2013
1010
0.01
0.04
8.8
0.19
0.31
9.3
4/14/2013
0705
0.1
0.02
12
0.31
0.41
12
4/14/2013
0940
0.22
0.06
6.5
0.17
0.50
7.7
4/14/2013
2135
0.28
<
0.008
18
0.18
0.23
19
4/15/2013
0925
0.21
0.03
22
0.19
0.23
22
4/16/2013
2135
0.13
0.09
14
0.11
1.0
19
4/24/2013
0837
0.23
0.02
39
0.12
0.15
40
5/2/2013
0225
0.07
0.02
42
0.10
0.14
42
5/3/2013
0800
0.38
0.02
46
0.03
0.07
47
5/4/2013
0805
0.54
<
0.008
46
0.04
0.07
50
5/4/2013
1520
1.1
0.04
48
0.03
0.11
48
5/5/2013
0320
0.90
<
0.008
52
0.05
0.08
57
5/6/2013
0320
0.58
0.03
47
0.08
0.11
48
5/21/2013
0751
0.45
0.02
46
0.07
0.10
47
6/3/2013
1025
0.33
<
0.008
35
0.07
0.11
35
6/18/2013
0916
0.1
<
0.008
46
0.03
0.07
47
58
-------
Nitrate
Ortho-
Ammonia,
plus nitrite,
phosphate,
Phosphorus,
water,
water,
water,
water,
Discharge,
filtered,
filtered,
filtered,
unfiltered,
instantaneous,
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
Sample
Sample
cubic feet per
per liter as
per liter as
per liter as
per liter as
date
time
second
nitrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
6/24/2013
1310
2.5
0.03
23
0.16
0.45
6/24/2013
1910
2.4
0.04
21
0.19
0.42
6/25/2013
0710
2.3
0.03
15
0.22
0.40
6/26/2013
0710
1.6
<
0.008
28
0.13
0.19
6/27/2013
0355
0.83
<
0.008
28
0.11
0.18
7/16/2013
1117
0.01
0.02
38
0.07
Lyons Oxbow Outlet
near Webster City, IA (L2)
3/9/2013
1037
6.8
0.18
6.4
0.48
0.83
3/10/2013
0310
1.0
0.07
10
0.32
0.49
3/10/2013
0830
2.3
0.06
10
0.32
0.48
3/10/2013
1420
0.74
0.05
12
0.30
0.46
3/11/2013
2050
0.02
0.05
13
0.27
0.40
3/12/2013
2050
0.02
0.04
14
0.24
0.34
3/27/2013
1120
0.02
0.03
7.5
0.15
0.20
4/14/2013
0710
0.14
0.02
14
0.21
0.32
4/14/2013
1910
0.32
0.02
19
0.2
0.23
4/15/2013
0250
0.27
<
0.008
21
0.21
0.22
4/15/2013
0850
0.24
0.02
12
0.21
0.25
4/15/2013
0956
0.23
<
0.008
21
0.20
0.23
4/16/2013
2135
0.15
0.02
16
0.16
0.23
4/24/2013
0905
0.26
<
0.008
37
0.11
0.16
5/2/2013
0010
0.07
0.04
46
0.09
0.15
5/3/2013
0645
0.41
0.02
42
0.05
0.11
5/4/2013
1305
0.77
<
0.008
44
0.06
0.09
5/4/2013
1610
1.5
<
0.008
47
0.05
0.09
5/4/2013
1810
2.2
<
0.008
49
0.06
0.09
5/5/2013
0540
1.3
<
0.008
52
0.06
0.09
5/6/2013
0330
0.55
0.02
47
0.06
0.10
5/21/2013
0843
0.45
<
0.02
44
0.08
0.10
6/3/2013
1002
0.34
<
0.008
34
0.07
0.16
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
organic-N),
water,
unfiltered,
analytically
determined,
milligrams per
liter
24
21
15
30
29
39
9.4
11
11
12
15
15
7.9
14
19
21
13
22
16
38
48
42
47
47
50
52
49
45
36
-------
0856
1035
1255
1305
1415
1525
1910
0245
1039
1110
1054
1335
1425
2035
0000
1100
0710
1415
0215
1005
2140
0919
1140
0800
1040
0827
0954
0835
1035
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
Nitrate Ortho- organic-N),
Ammonia, plus nitrite, phosphate, Phosphorus, water,
water, water, water, water, unfiltered,
Discharge, filtered, filtered, filtered, unfiltered, analytically
instantaneous, milligrams milligrams milligrams milligrams determined,
cubic feet per per liter as per liter as per liter as per liter as milligrams per
second
nitrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
liter
0.10
0.03
44
0.05
0.13
45
0.46
0.02
35
0.12
0.26
36
3.1
0.06
21
0.22
0.50
21
7.8
0.06
14
0.20
0.77
16
>
7.8
0.41
9.9
0.47
2.98
16
>
7.8
0.12
21
0.23
0.92
23
>
7.8
0.04
21
0.19
0.43
21
6.7
0.02
15
0.21
0.42
16
0.85
0.02
26
0.11
0.18
27
0.01
0.04
31
0.16
0.17
32
Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3)
98
2.7
3.0
3.8
4.4
7.7
85
4.7
2.8
4.4
5.1
8.8
45
1.9
6.6
2.5
5.2
13
22
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.8
8.2
15
1.7
5.7
1.8
4.8
14
4.9
0.90
4.2
1.2
1.4
6.0
4.6
0.03
23
0.17
0.20
25
14
0.05
25
0.25
0.31
25
15
0.04
22
0.18
0.24
22
12
0.04
27
0.23
0.29
28
5.3
<
0.008
29
0.14
0.18
29
8.9
<
0.008
37
0.08
0.13
38
16
0.02
30
0.05
0.13
31
26
0.06
35
0.11
0.20
36
34
0.04
32
0.25
0.31
33
13
<
0.01
39
0.03
0.06
40
18
0.04
29
0.19
0.32
30
5.4
<
0.008
38
0.01
0.06
39
14
0.17
11
0.07
1.4
14
60
-------
Nitrate
Ortho-
Ammonia,
plus nitrite,
phosphate,
Phosphorus,
water,
water,
water,
water,
Discharge,
filtered,
filtered,
filtered,
unfiltered,
instantaneous,
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
milligrams
Sample
Sample
cubic feet per
per liter as
per liter as
per liter as
per liter as
date
time
second
nitrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
6/24/2013
1300
96
0.17
8.6
0.03
3.9
6/24/2013
1400
222
0.10
11
0.11
1.3
6/24/2013
1616
316
0.09
6.9
0.29
1.9
6/24/2013
1930
182
0.04
15
0.41
0.94
6/25/2013
0130
118
0.05
16
0.37
0.84
6/26/2013
0130
83
0.05
18
0.38
0.67
6/27/2013
0730
39
0.04
21
0.30
0.53
7/16/2013
1105
3.3
0.03
32
0.09
0.12
7/29/2013
1047
1.0
0.01
32
0.03
0.05
Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3)
3/9/2013
1326
1.5
4.0
1.9
2.7
3/10/2013
0515
75
1.3
4.3
2.2
2.6
3/10/2013
1415
87
1.0
6.2
2.2
2.6
3/11/2013
0505
11
0.94
6.2
1.9
2.3
3/27/2013
1410
15
0.28
3.7
0.92
0.99
4/14/2013
0705
12
1.3
14
0.01
0.17
4/14/2013
1905
28
0.30
12
0.12
0.26
4/15/2013
0105
31
0.24
13
0.13
0.26
4/15/2013
1146
23
0.33
16
0.18
0.33
4/16/2013
2140
13
0.08
19
0.05
0.16
4/24/2013
1147
43
0.09
31
0.04
0.25
5/1/2013
1635
18
0.05
27
0.001
0.17
5/2/2013
1130
63
0.04
23
0.01
0.09
5/3/2013
0330
121
0.04
30
0.03
0.17
5/3/2013
2130
130
0.07
32
0.11
0.25
5/4/2013
1530
155
0.05
31
0.14
0.26
5/4/2013
2355
261
0.10
31
0.19
0.56
5/5/2013
1155
198
0.05
32
0.15
0.49
5/6/2013
0555
127
0.04
33
0.08
0.26
5/21/2013
1225
27
0.02
30
0.01
0.09
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
organic-N),
water,
unfiltered,
analytically
determined,
milligrams per
liter
17
14
11
17
17
20
23
33
33
8.0
7.6
9.3
9.8
5.4
17
12
14
18
19
32
28
25
30
33
33
32
33
34
32
-------
1242
1141
1235
1300
1325
1410
1645
2245
0545
2345
0805
0822
1630
1350
1330
1230
1200
0911
0925
0935
1545
1600
1016
1345
1316
0915
1300
1500
1905
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
Nitrate Ortho- organic-N),
Ammonia, plus nitrite, phosphate, Phosphorus, water,
water, water, water, water, unfiltered,
Discharge, filtered, filtered, filtered, unfiltered, analytically
instantaneous, milligrams milligrams milligrams milligrams determined,
cubic feet per per liter as per liter as per liter as per liter as milligrams per
second
nitrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
liter
75
0.16
27
0.03
1.0
27
35
0.09
30
< 0.004
0.23
30
64
0.07
19
0.10
0.45
21
133
0.06
15
0.16
0.87
17
221
0.06
6.6
0.23
1.6
12
390
0.06
7.0
0.24
1.6
14
581
0.05
8.4
0.25
1.5
11
437
0.06
14
0.30
0.72
15
431
0.08
14
0.31
0.86
16
227
0.04
20
0.23
0.43
20
95
0.07
22
0.13
0.36
25
20
0.03
28
0.04
0.08
29
5.1
0.03
19
0.01
0.02
19
1.6
0.04
11
0.01
0.03
11
0.02
0.05
< 0.01
0.85
0.05
0.31
0.02
0.08
1.0
0.56
0.01
< 0.01
< 0.004
0.06
0.98
7.1
0.06
10
0.21
0.33
11
4.4
0.09
2.0
0.01
0.05
2.9
243
0.07
14
0.23
0.71
16
28
0.05
23
0.10
0.14
23
14
0.03
21
0.05
0.18
23
414
0.03
16
0.18
0.36
17
1.3
0.05
5.6
0.01
0.04
5.7
12
0.02
23
0.01
0.03
24
0.01
24
0.02
0.03
24
Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI)
0.02
< 0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.05
2.3
0.79
0.81
2.7
0.03
< 0.01
19
0.04
0.15
21
62
-------
Ammonia,
water,
Discharge, filtered,
instantaneous, milligrams
Sample Sample cubic feet per per liter as
date
time
second
nitrogen
4/15/2013
1209
0.01
<
0.008
4/24/2013
1104
0.05
<
0.008
5/1/2013
2200
0.02
0.02
5/2/2013
0225
0.06
0.03
5/2/2013
1005
0.14
<
0.008
5/2/2013
2005
0.24
0.04
5/4/2013
0400
0.23
<
0.008
5/4/2013
2005
0.41
0.02
5/5/2013
0805
0.29
0.04
5/6/2013
1600
0.14
<
0.008
5/21/2013
1151
0.04
0.03
6/3/2013
1328
0.06
<
0.008
6/18/2013
1044
0.04
<
0.008
6/24/2013
1235
0.19
<
0.008
6/24/2013
1255
0.38
0.02
6/24/2013
1855
0.33
<
0.008
6/25/2013
0435
0.26
<
0.008
6/25/2013
1105
0.41
<
0.008
6/26/2013
0505
0.20
<
0.008
6/27/2013
0505
0.12
<
0.008
7/16/2013
1731
0.002
<
0.008
5/7/2014
1030
0.002
0.01
5/13/2014
0955
0.02
0.01
6/4/2014
1015
0.02
<
0.008
6/17/2014
1100
0.23
0.01
6/23/2014
1613
0.05
0.01
7/1/2014
1110
0.30
0.01
8/4/2014
1217
0.003
0.01
9/15/2014
1202
0.03
0.02
10/6/2014
1145
0.07
0.01
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
Nitrate Ortho- organic-N),
plus nitrite, phosphate, Phosphorus, water,
water, water, water, unfiltered,
filtered, filtered, unfiltered, analytically
milligrams milligrams milligrams determined,
per liter as per liter as per liter as milligrams per
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
liter
19
0.02
0.03
20
22
0.01
0.02
23
22
0.01
0.03
22
18
0.01
0.03
19
19
0.04
0.12
20
17
0.18
0.29
17
17
0.12
0.14
18
15
0.16
0.24
16
15
0.10
0.13
16
18
0.03
0.54
19
20
0.01
0.01
20
18
0.01
0.01
18
18
0.01
0.03
19
12
0.18
0.31
13
14
0.12
0.16
14
15
0.04
0.06
16
15
0.06
0.10
15
14
0.06
0.07
14
17
0.01
0.02
18
18
0.01
0.02
18
16
0.02
0.02
17
15
0.01
0.01
15
20
0.02
0.03
21
21
0.01
0.01
21
27
0.01
0.03
27
23
0.02
0.01
24
22
0.02
0.03
22
21
0.01
0.05
22
17
0.02
0.01
18
15
0.01
0.01
14
-------
1406
1215
0015
1129
1130
0040
0040
1240
0040
0040
1258
1250
1110
1315
1430
1510
1620
1905
0110
0505
0525
1020
2220
0805
1030
1608
1038
1241
1045
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
Nitrate Ortho- organic-N),
Ammonia, plus nitrite, phosphate, Phosphorus, water,
water, water, water, water, unfiltered,
Discharge, filtered, filtered, filtered, unfiltered, analytically
instantaneous, milligrams milligrams milligrams milligrams determined,
cubic feet per per liter as per liter as per liter as per liter as milligrams per
second nitrogen nitrogen phosphorus phosphorus liter
Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2)
0.35
0.38
2.2
3.6
3.7
5.4
0.07
0.04
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.5
0.09
0.03
1.6
1.4
1.6
2.8
0.06
0.02
1.6
1.4
1.6
2.9
0.11
0.02
9.4
0.3
0.55
10
0.11
0.06
11
<
0.003
0.10
13
0.28
0.03
13
<
0.003
0.13
13
0.26
0.03
12
<
0.003
0.11
13
0.31
0.02
10
0.06
0.21
11
0.27
0.02
11
0.10
0.20
12
0.22
0.03
14
0.01
0.04
15
0.13
0.16
12
0.10
0.15
12
0.11
0.03
12
<
0.003
0.04
12
0.43
0.03
10
0.01
0.18
11
1.1
< 0.008
10
0.01
0.10
11
1.8
0.05
8.3
0.26
0.98
9.4
2.9
0.05
8.8
0.30
1.1
11
2.2
0.05
12
0.27
0.75
13
0.47
0.02
9.2
0.11
0.22
9.5
0.83
0.06
9.1
0.10
0.24
9.6
1.1
0.07
7.4
0.16
0.35
8.3
0.61
0.05
3.8
0.62
0.83
5.2
0.35
0.03
6.2
0.36
0.46
7.3
0.20
0.04
9.9
0.17
0.25
11
0.21
0.06
2.5
0.03
0.14
3.7
0.12
0.02
11
0.01
0.06
12
0.24
0.11
3.5
0.67
0.90
4.8
0.03
0.03
4.0
0.01
0.05
4.8
0.02
0.05
10
0.01
0.02
10
64
-------
2240
0015
0105
0155
0755
1527
0350
0850
2025
1330
1645
1257
1228
0305
1120
1900
1300
0700
1900
0700
0100
1055
1421
1312
1230
1830
2145
0435
1035
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
Nitrate Ortho- organic-N),
Ammonia, plus nitrite, phosphate, Phosphorus, water,
water, water, water, water, unfiltered,
Discharge, filtered, filtered, filtered, unfiltered, analytically
instantaneous, milligrams milligrams milligrams milligrams determined,
cubic feet per per liter as per liter as per liter as per liter as milligrams per
second nitrogen nitrogen phosphorus phosphorus liter
Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4)
0.04
0.33
1.3
1.9
2.1
3.7
0.1
0.36
1.6
1.9
2.3
4.2
0.19
0.40
1.7
1.7
2.0
4.5
0.32
0.35
1.5
1.7
2.0
5.0
0.36
0.27
1.6
1.9
2.1
3.6
0.25
0.34
1.3
2.8
3.2
4.5
0.07
0.35
1.8
3.5
4.0
4.1
0.1
0.33
2.7
3.9
4.7
5.4
0.01
0.32
1.4
3.5
3.9
4.6
< 0.01
0.03
< 0.03
0.38
0.47
1.5
0.09
0.04
13
1.1
1.2
14
0.01
<
0.008
0.59
0.26
0.37
1.5
0.02
0.02
3.9
0.37
0.46
5.0
0.01
0.03
5.3
0.04
0.16
5.9
0.08
0.04
5.4
0.93
1.1
6.1
0.25
0.04
3.1
1.4
1.6
3.9
0.31
0.03
2.3
1.5
1.6
2.9
0.18
0.02
5.1
1.3
1.4
5.1
0.27
0.03
4.9
1.2
1.3
4.9
0.18
0.02
5.8
1.1
1.2
5.8
0.04
<
0.008
8.9
0.57
0.77
9.1
0.01
0.04
9.2
0.02
0.08
9.5
0.02
0.06
7.7
0.09
0.18
8.2
0.01
0.03
9.1
0.01
0.08
9.4
0.3
0.38
0.73
0.73
3.8
8.4
0.34
0.05
1.9
1.5
2.0
4.4
0.09
<
0.008
6.8
0.59
0.75
7.1
0.31
0.06
1.0
0.88
1.4
3.1
0.33
0.16
1.1
0.70
4.0
7.8
65
-------
Nitrate Ortho-
Ammonia, plus nitrite, phosphate, Phosphorus,
water, water, water, water,
Discharge, filtered, filtered, filtered, unfiltered,
instantaneous, milligrams milligrams milligrams milligrams
Sample Sample cubic feet per per liter as per liter as per liter as per liter as
date
time
second
nitrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
phosphorus
6/25/2013
1635
0.35
0.08
1.1
0.88
1.3
6/27/2013
0650
0.02
< 0.008
11
0.08
0.14
5/13/2014
1100
0.01
0.02
2.3
0.02
0.19
6/17/2014
1110
0.45
1.6
7.2
0.92
1.1
6/23/2014
1620
0.02
0.01
3.9
0.02
0.05
7/1/2014
1136
0.58
0.07
1.7
0.65
0.74
9/15/2014
0843
0.01
0.01
14
0.02
0.06
10/6/2014
1345
0.03
0.06
19
0.01
0.06
Smeltzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5)
3/9/2013
1440
7.2
0.30
1.6
1.6
1.9
3/10/2013
0530
6.6
0.31
1.7
1.6
1.9
3/10/2013
1030
7.2
0.32
1.6
1.6
1.9
3/12/2013
2230
6.4
0.31
1.6
1.9
2.1
4/24/2013
1306
0.83
0.03
2.5
0.78
1.3
5/2/2013
0525
1.5
0.13
1.3
0.48
0.73
5/3/2013
0420
2
0.03
1.8
0.65
3.0
5/3/2013
1535
2.7
0.03
2.2
0.83
1.2
5/4/2013
0200
4.3
0.09
2.4
1.1
1.2
5/4/2013
1625
4.9
0.08
3.1
1.1
1.2
5/5/2013
0045
6.8
0.03
3.4
1.1
1.3
5/5/2013
1055
5.4
0.06
4.0
1.1
1.2
5/5/2013
1400
3.1
0.03
4.0
1.0
1.2
5/6/2013
0440
1.2
0.04
4.6
1.1
1.2
5/21/2013
1132
1
0.21
1.6
0.10
0.21
6/3/2013
1443
0.87
0.25
2.9
0.61
0.82
6/18/2013
1224
1.2
0.03
2.7
0.19
0.41
6/24/2013
1110
1.3
0.53
0.95
0.08
0.14
6/24/2013
1335
3.8
0.52
0.72
0.14
0.25
6/24/2013
1415
7.8
0.50
0.94
0.14
0.22
6/24/2013
1645
13
0.47
0.97
0.17
0.27
66
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
organic-N),
water,
unfiltered,
analytically
determined,
milligrams per
liter
2.7
12
3.9
10
4.6
2.7
14
18
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.7
2.8
3.3
3.5
3.1
4.0
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.0
2.9
4.5
3.9
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
-------
2245
0345
0515
1115
2130
0050
1200
1625
1215
1015
1245
Discharge,
instantaneous,
cubic feet per
second
11
6.7
11
11
4.8
1
3.3
0.62
9.4
0.91
0.93
Ammonia,
water,
filtered,
milligrams
per liter as
nitrogen
0.47
0.44
0.36
0.30
0.25
0.29
0.17
0.03
0.16
0.02
0.06
Nitrate
plus nitrite,
water,
filtered,
milligrams
per liter as
nitrogen
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
2.2
1.5
3.5
1.7
0.33
4.1
Ortho-
phosphate,
water,
filtered,
milligrams
per liter as
phosphorus
0.32
0.55
0.54
0.57
0.77
0.72
0.22
0.24
0.54
0.02
0.05
Phosphorus,
water,
unfiltered,
milligrams
per liter as
phosphorus
0.45
0.75
0.88
0.87
0.97
0.74
0.63
0.52
0.69
0.22
0.24
Total nitrogen
(nitrate + nitrite
+ ammonia +
organic-N),
water,
unfiltered,
analytically
determined,
milligrams per
liter
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.1
2.7
3.3
4.3
5.7
2.8
1.8
5.4
67
-------
Appendix 3.2 -Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:0548 0 98 6 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:07 9
LATITUDE:
422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934600.5 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:
CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA:
DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is
APPROVED
DD #2
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams
per liter
as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
37 .5
27 .3
35.2
31.7
2
32.5
28.3
36.4
31.4
3
35.2
30. 6
37.2
30 . 9
4
35.0
31.4
37 . 6
30.0
5
29.9
32.1
38.0
29.5
6
32.4
32.8
38.0
29.2
7
34.7
35.5
37 . 9
28.2
8
36.7
36.1
35. 9
27 .1
9
35. 6
36.0
24.2
26.1
10
38.0
37 .0
29.9
25.1
11
39.4
33. 4
24.4
12
40.3
35.3
23.1
13
40.7
36.2
22.1
14
41.0
36.2
21.3
15
41.3
36.2
20. 6
16
41.0
35. 9
19. 6
17
39.8
35. 8
18.3
18
41.2
35. 8
17 .0
19
40.0
35. 9
15.4
20
37 .4
35. 8
13. 6
21
40.3
35. 6
11.8
22
40.7
40. 9
34. 6
23
40. 6
40.1
30.8
24
40. 9
27 .1
31. 9
25
35.0
18.0
33.0
26
CO
o
20.2
33.0
27
38.3
22 . 9
21. 8
33.2
28
38.4
22 .8
28. 6
33.3
29
36.6
22 .9
32.4
33.0
30
35.2
24 .4
34.1
32.5
31
26.5
32.1
68
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:0548 0 98 6 Lyons Creek near Webster City, IA (L3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19
LATITUDE: 422 935.7 LONGITUDE: 0 934 600.5 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA: CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #7
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, total, tons per day as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0. 69
2.9
0.71
1.3
2.0
0. 62
2.6
1.6
0.55
4.7
1.3
0 .48
5.1
1.2
0.43
3.1
1.1
0.38
2.0
0. 95
0.34
1.5
0.87
0. 93
1.6
0.85
2.3
1.6
0.80
1.2
1.3
0.76
0.80
1.1
0. 62
0.50
0. 91
0.76
0.42
0.78
0.72
0.36
0.77
0. 66
0.31
0. 90
0. 61
0.27
0.88
0.57
0.24
0. 92
0.54
0.21
1.4
0.51
0.18
1.3
0.49
0.16
1.2
0.46
0.16
0. 95
0.45
0.19
0.89
7.2
0.15
5.0
4.9
0.14
26
27
28
29
30
31
0 .52
0.49
0.77
0 .88
8.
11
8.
6.
6.
4.
3.4
2.1
1.5
1.1
0.85
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
69
COUNTY:07 9
DATUM:
AUG SEP
0.07
0.06
0.06
0. 05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Appendix 3.3 - Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in the Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho,
IA (S1)
STATION
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
422436094082501 Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI) TYPErWETLAND AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 6.7 LONGITUDE: 0 940825.1 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.4
19.3
19.2
19.1
18.9
18.7
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.7
18.5
18.3
18.0
17.8
19.4 17.7
19.6 17.4
19.7 17.3
19.7 17.2
17.7 17.0
16.4 16.8
17.4 16.7
17.9
17.9
17.8
17.6
70
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082501 Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 42243 6.7 LONGITUDE: 0 940 825.1 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
20.3
23.2
20.1
24.0
20.1
24.1
21.2
24.1
21. 9
23. 6
21. 6
23. 9
15.4
21.4
24.0
15.4
21.3
23. 9
15.7
21.1
23.8
15.7
21.1
23. 6
15.8
21.0
23.4
18.4
21.0
23.1
20. 6
20. 9
23.3
20.1
20.7
23.3
19.8
20. 9
23.1
19.4
21.0
22.8
19.1
27 .5
22. 6
18.7
26.3
22.4
18. 6
25.8
22.3
18.4
25.3
22.2
18.5
22.2
18.5
22.2
18.5
22.2
18.5
21. 9
18.5
23. 6
21.7
18.3
23.2
21.7
22.1
23. 9
21.5
21.2
24.3
21.1
20. 9
23. 9
20. 9
20. 6
22.4
20.8
20.4
20. 8
71
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG SEP
20.8
20.8
20.7
20.7 19.4
20.6 18.5
19.9 18.0
20.4 18.6
20.6 18.7
20.5 18.6
20.5 16.9
20.5 17.7
20.6 17.5
20.6 17.3
20.6 17.6
20.6 17.8
20.4 18.0
20.5 18.1
20.6 18.6
20.5 18.8
19.5 17.2
18.4 17.3
16.8 17.4
17.4
15.6
16.1
16.6
16.5
16.7
16.8
16.6
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082501 Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 42243 6.7 LONGITUDE: 0 940 825.1 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #6
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, unfiltered, pounds of nitrogen per day
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
3.4
0
08
3.1
0
06
2.9
0
00
17 . 9
0
00
28. 6
0
00
16.5
0
00
11.0
0
00
8.3
0
00
6.2
0
00
4.9
0
00
0
00
2
8
2
4
2
0
1
6
1
3
1
1
0
77
0
57
0
45
0
35
0
28
0
23
0
22
0
19
0
16
0
13
0
10
72
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG SEP
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422436094082501 Smeltzer West Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (SI) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 42243 6.7 LONGITUDE: 0 940 825.1 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #6
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, unfiltered, pounds of nitrogen per day
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
1
0
00
o
o
o
2
0
00
o
o
o
3
0
00
o
o
o
4
0
00
o
o
o
5
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
.00
Estimated
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
o
o
o
1.6
39.8
o
o
o
1.4
23.3
o
o
o
1.3
17 .4
o
o
o
2.0
13. 6
o
o
o
2.3
18.1
o
o
o
2.1
17 . 9
o
o
o
0.26
2.0
13.7
o
o
o
0.26
1.7
10.7
o
o
o
0.24
1.6
8.6
o
o
o
0.25
1.5
7.3
o
o
o
0.25
1.4
6.4
o
o
o
2.4
1.3
7 . 6
o
o
o
2.4
1.1
o
CO
o
o
o
1.7
1.1
6.5
o
o
o
el.3
1.0
5.3
0
00
el. 0
0. 95
4.6
0
00
0. 91
35.5
3.9
0
00
CO
o
17 .0
3.4
0
00
CO
o
11.8
3.0
0
00
0. 73
9.4
2.6
0
00
0.71
0
00
0. 65
0
00
0. 64
0
00
0. 63
0
00
0. 60
0
00
CO
CO
o
0
00
3.1
0
00
2.5
0
00
2.2
1.9
1.7
26.
30 .
2.1
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.87
0.71
0. 64
0.59
0.55
73
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG SEP
0.51
0.46
0.42
0.39 2.2
0.35 2.7
0.51 3.0
0.79 2.2
0.68 1.8
0.57 1.9
0.51 3.6
0.44 3.0
0.35 2.9
0.30 3.2
0.30 2.8
0.28 2.4
0.28 2.1
0.24 1.9
e0.24 1.5
e0.24 1.4
e0.23 2.4
eO.21 2.4
eO.18 2.4
2.6
5.3
5.8
5.0
5.1
5.2
4.9
4.7
-------
Appendix 3.4 - Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in the Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho,
IA (S2)
STATION
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
422438094082701 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) TYPErWETLAND AGENCYrUSGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 8.3 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.5 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
10.7
10.8
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.5
10.1
9.39
12. 9
12.8
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.2
12.6
10.7
9.96
6.72
8.53
10.6
11.1
11.0
10.9
74
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422438 0 940827 01 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 42243 8.3 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.5 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #3
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
17 2.20 5.16
18 4.25 5.12
19 4.89 5.52
20 4.77 4.91
21 4.42 4.93
75
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
SEP
1.79
2.08
2.21
2.34
2.38
2.54
2.54
2.77
3.03
3.20
3.43
3.51
3.77
4.08
4.35
4.33
4.21
4.32
4.89
5.27
5.42
5. 68
5.87
5. 98
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422438 0 940827 01 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 42243 8.3 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.5 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #7
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, unfiltered, pounds of nitrogen per day
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
19 6.6 0.00
24 43.0 0.00
25 19.2 0.00
26 13.3 0.00
27 11.1 0.00
28 8.0 0.00
29 6.3 0.00
76
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG SEP
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
0
00
-------
1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422438 0 940827 01 Smeltzer West Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S2) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS
LATITUDE: 42243 8.3 LONGITUDE: 0 940827.5 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #7
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, unfiltered, pounds of nitrogen per day
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
15.4
2
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.6
3
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.9
4
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
3.7
5
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
3.1
6
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
5.0
7
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.3
8
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.2
9
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
5.0
10
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
5.0
11
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.3
12
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.4
13
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
4.5
14
0
00
0.
00
0
.00
0
00
0
00
3.7
15
0
00
-
--
0
.00
0
00
0
00
2.9
16
0
00
_
0
.00
0
00
0
00
2.4
17
0
00
-
0
.00
0
00
1
9
1.8
18
0
00
-
--
0
.00
0
00
3
4
1.3
19
0
00
-
0
.00
0
00
2
8
0. 94
20
0
00
-
--
0
.00
0
00
2
2
0.49
21
0
00
_
0
.00
0
00
1
9
0.06
22
0
00
-
0
.00
0
00
o
o
o
23
0
00
-
--
0
.00
0
00
o
o
o
24
0
00
-
0
.00
0
00
o
o
o
25
0
00
-
--
0
.00
0
00
3
.0
o
o
o
26
0
00
_
0
.00
0
00
2
.1
o
o
o
27
0
00
-
o
o
o
0
.00
0
00
5
.0
o
o
o
28
0
00
-
--
o
o
o
0
.00
0
00
7
.8
o
o
o
29
0
00
-
o
o
o
0
.00
0
00
8
.5
o
o
o
30
0
00
-
o
o
o
0
.00
0
00
55
.2
o
o
o
31
0
00
~
--
o
o
o
0
00
o
o
o
77
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG SEP
0
00
0
00
0
80
0
00
0
61
0
00
0
43
0
00
0
64
0
00
0
52
0
00
0
37
0
00
0
29
0
00
0
40
0
00
0
94
0
00
0
65
0
00
0
72
0
00
0
68
0
00
0
59
0
00
0
56
0
00
0
00
0
00
--
0
00
0
00
0
68
0
00
0
46
0
00
0
35
0
00
0
22
0
00
1
1
0
00
1
3
0
00
1
0
0
00
1
3
0
00
1
4
0
00
1
1
0
00
1
1
0
00
Commented [IOL2]: Load values are missing from appendix 3.4 j
-------
Appendix 3.5- Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in the Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, I A
(S4)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432094081701 Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #5
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
o
o
0. 67
2.29
0. 60
23. 6
23. 0
2.67
17 .1
5.45
21. 7
4.60
0.40
22.5
4.14
0.55
22. 0
4.71
0.07
21.3
5.78
0.24
20.3
10.5
1.00
19.1
11.9
1.74
19.1
11.9
4.09
19.5
14.2
5.18
18. 7
14.1
4.57
17 .5
14.0
3.02
16. 0
13.9
1.35
13.2
13. 9
13.2
0.53
4.86
12. 6
12.1
0.52
6.03
12.4
11.1
5.14
12.2
12.1
21
22
23
24
25
4.00
3. 91
4.11
4.30
4.30
11.7
11.2
10. 9
11.2
11.1
14.7
14.4
14.0
10.7
14. 9
26
27
28
29
30
31
2
66
0
89
0
95
0
96
0
73
4.48
7 .55
7 . 97
11.0
3. 68
4.03
2.06
15.5
13.0
14. 6
14.8
14.3
78
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422432094081701 Smeltzer East Oxbow Inlet near Otho, IA (S4) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCYrUSGS
LATITUDE: 422432.6 LONGITUDE: 0940817.9 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #6
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, unfiltered, pounds of nitrogen per day
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0.02
0.02
0
00
0.
01
2.0
0
00
1.5
0
00
--
""
4.0
0
00
0
00
2.2
0
00
0
00
--
1.7
0
00
0
00
1.4
0
00
0
00
1.2
0
00
eO
00
""
1.0
0
00
0
00
0. 91
--
0
44
--
1.1
0
29
0
00
1.1
0
00
0
23
0
00
0.89
0
00
0
15
0
00
0.81
0
00
0
07
0
00
0.73
0
00
0
02
24
5
0. 68
0
00
0
00
0
93
0.59
0
00
0
00
0
81
0.57
0
00
0
00
0
63
0.54
0
00
0
00
0
47
0.47
0
00
eO
00
0
48
0.41
0
00
0
00
0
55
0.34
eO
00
0
00
0
58
e0.28
0
00
0
00
0
59
0.22
eO
00
0
65
eO
00
0
37
6
0
0.
05
9
4
0.03
0.
04
12
0
0.00
--
0.
03
10
7
0.00
0.
02
0.00
79
STATE:19 COUNTY:187
AUG
SEP
0
00
0
00
0.28
0
00
0
00
0.23
0
00
o
CO
eO
00
CO
o
0
00
0.36
0
00
0.36
0
00
0.77
0
00
1.4
0
00
1.1
0
00
1.4
0
00
1.4
0
00
1.2
eO
00
el. 1
0
00
1.0
0
00
0. 94
0
00
CO
CO
o
0
00
CO
o
eO
00
2.3
0
00
1.6
0
00
1.6
eO
00
1.5
0
00
3.7
eO
00
2.2
eO
00
2.1
0
00
2.6
eO
00
2.1
1.9
3.6
-------
Appendix 3.6 Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration in the Smeitzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5)
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:422433 0 94081801 Smeitzer East Oxbow Outlet near Otho, IA (S5) TYPE:WETLAND AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 422433.9 LONGITUDE: 0 940818.7 NAD83 DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #11
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
29 2.39 1.03 1.16
30 3.86 0.69 1.16
80
-------
Appendix 3.7 -Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentration and load in Prairie Creek at Otho, I A
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0* CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #2
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG S
26 21.9 13.0
27 24.3 12.3
28 27.2 11.8
29 28.8 11.6
30 29.3 11.2
29.5
10.4
29.5
9.58
29.2
8.46
28. 9
7 . 66
28.5
7 .25
28.1
6. 69
27 .5
5. 98
26.7
5.16
25. 7
4.45
25.1
3. 63
24. 6
2.86
24.1
2.34
23.5
1. 97
31.2
22. 9
2.09
29.6
22.2
2.15
31.4
21.1
1. 63
32.2
20.1
1.06
32.2
19.1
0.80
32.1
18.3
0. 63
32.0
17 .3
0.55
31.7
16.4
0.37
31.5
15. 9
0.21
o
CO
15.1
0.09
21.4
14.2
o
o
CO
13.5
CO
o
o
81
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0* CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
Lowest aging status in period is APPROVED
DD #2
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, in situ, milligrams per liter as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
1
0
.50
0.33
3. 97
16. 9
11.0
11.8
2
0
.49
0. 69
3.14
20.0
9. 97
17 . 6
3
0
.43
0.70
2.45
22.2
7 .82
19.1
4
0
.44
0.55
2.15
23.2
5. 98
19.2
5
0
.48
0.36
2.70
22. 9
4.49
17 . 6
6
0
.48
0.25
2. 98
25. 6
3.52
17 . 6
7
0
.46
0.25
3.03
26.7
4.86
19.4
8
0
.31
0.26
2.87
26.7
6.22
19.5
9
0
.20
0.23
3.01
26.5
7.70
18.8
10
0
.18
0.22
2. 93
25. 9
7 .16
18.4
11
0
.18
0.23
2.88
25.3
5.87
21.5
12
0
.20
4. 08
2.69
23. 6
5.03
21. 9
13
0
.19
11.5
2.05
24.5
4.48
22.0
14
0
.50
13.3
1.38
24.5
3. 60
22.7
15
0
.83
13. 0
1.11
24.1
2.86
22. 9
16
0
.55
12. 8
0.79
23.4
2. 66
22.7
17
0
.42
11. 7
12.7
22.5
2. 63
22.3
18
0
.27
10.5
20.7
21.5
1. 90
21.8
19
0
.19
9.09
22.4
20. 6
1.23
21.1
20
1. 66
0
.19
8.14
22 .2
19.5
0. 97
19.2
21
1.54
0
.21
7 .01
23 .3
18 .0
0. 40
21.1
22
1.42
0
.19
5.47
21.5
16.3
0. 48
22.3
23
1.36
0
.17
4.16
20 . 9
14 .7
0. 44
22. 6
24
1.50
0
.19
3.16
20 . 9
13 .2
0. 68
21. 4
25
1.37
0
.23
2.37
19.8
12 .0
0.38
22. 4
26
1.10
0
.22
1.59
18 .5
12 . 9
0. 43
23.2
27
0. 91
0
.25
4.11
15 .4
15 .1
0.19
23.2
28
0. 63
0
65
6.22
16.7
15 . 9
0.29
23.3
29
0. 64
0
63
8.17
18 .2
14 .5
1.10
23. 0
30
0.71
0
.29
6.71
15 .1
13 .4
5. 05
22.5
31
0.57
5.04
12.2
10. 9
82
-------
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0* CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
DD #5,
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, total, tons per day as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 012 TO SEPTEMBER 2013
DAILY MEAN VALUES
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1.8
0
04
1.6
0
03
1.4
0
03
1.2
0
02
1.1
0
02
0. 94
0
02
0.83
0
01
0.74
0
01
0. 67
0
01
0.59
0
00
0.52
0
01
0.48
0
01
0.43
0
01
CO
0.39
0
00
3.5
0.34
0
00
4.0
0.30
0
00
3.5
0.26
8
2
3.0
0.23
8
3
2.6
0.20
6
3
2.3
0.17
0
00
2.1
0.15
0
00
1.9
0.14
0
00
1.7
0.11
6
8
14
0 .10
4
1
16
0.09
7
7
28 4.0 0.06
83
-------
1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES
STATION:05480 603 Prairie Creek at Otho, IA (S3) TYPE:STREAM AGENCY:USGS STATE:19 COUNTY:187
LATITUDE: 42243 9.2 LONGITUDE: 0940828.7 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA:28.0* CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA: DATUM:
DD #5,
Nitrate plus nitrite, water, total, tons per day as nitrogen
WATER YEAR OCTOBER 2 013 TO SEPTEMBER 2014
DAILY MEAN VALUES
DAY
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
1
0
001
0
002
0.014
21. 6
0
039
1
2
0
001
0
003
0.011
12.4
0
033
1
3
0
001
0
002
0.010
8.54
0
021
1
4
0
001
0
001
0.017
6.14
0
019
0
5
0
001
0
000
0.021
5.66
0
012
0
6
0
001
0.030
6.87
0
028
0
7
0
002
0
000
0.023
5.33
0
083
0
8
0
001
0
000
0.018
4.05
0
107
0
9
0
001
0.014
3 .14
0
157
0
10
0
000
0.023
2 .55
0
158
0
11
0
001
0
000
0.031
2.10
0
147
1
12
0
001
0
178
0.038
1.85
0
138
0
13
0
001
0
202
0.029
1.83
0
123
0
14
0
003
0
043
0.017
1.47
0
096
0
15
0
003
0.014
1.13
0
087
0
16
0
001
0.010
0 . 934
0
095
0
17
0
001
5.39
0 .763
0
098
0
18
0
001
3.48
0 . 623
0
073
0
19
0
001
1. 92
0 .516
0
048
0
20
0
001
1. 62
0 .419
0
040
1
21
0
020
0
001
1.14
0 .336
0
017
1
22
0
014
0
000
0.841
0 .252
0
019
1
23
0
007
0
000
0.773
0.168
0
018
1
24
0
003
0
001
0. 661
0 .116
0
031
1
25
0
001
0.538
0 .161
0
018
2
26
0
000
0
004
0.436
0.248
0
021
2
27
0
004
0
001
0
056
0 .515
0.198
0
010
2
28
0
003
0
003
0
043
1.33
0.129
0
016
1
29
0
001
0
002
0
041
4 .13
0. 068
0
070
1
30
0
002
0
001
0
028
0.038
0
330
1
31
0
003
0
018
0.028
0
696
SEP
16
33
04
852
737
764
835
776
757
877
09
946
902
821
724
695
699
844
919
24
6 6
72
74
82
20
25
08
96
87
85
84
------- |