EPA 550/9-77-450
CALCULATIONS OF DAY-NIGHT LEVELS (Ldn)
RESULTING FROM
CIVIL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS
JANUARY 1977
Prepared For:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Noise Abatement and Control
Under Contract No. 68-01 -3218
This report has been approved for general availability. The contents of this report reflect
the views of the contractor, who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data
presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of EPA. This
report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
II
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^\|/2 3 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
% WASHINGTON. D C. 20-1G0
Dear Rerder:
Aircraft noire is now a significant problem tor nw.ny people living near
aiiports. Part of the solution to this problem ran be found in abatement
actions which are specific, to individual community/ airport situations.
Ad od Li on oi F.uch airport specific actions must be. preceded by tie inaJviii .
am. depiction ot both current situations and all feasible abatement
options.
Until now, the analysis of noise abatement options has often been equated
with complex and expensive computer operations, the coe'_ of which may be
beyond the capabilities of some airport proprietors, involved communities,
or local land use planners. This manual will allow one to calculate, on
an airport specific basis, the day-night average sound level (L, )
which results from civil aircraft operations and thus predict tne noise
impact in areas near the airport. This "desk, calculation" of aircraft
noise levels was adapted from the type of computer systems now in use by
both the Federal Aviation Administration and the Environmental Protection
Agency.
We at EPA believe that this manual desk calculation process is a major
step forward with respect to aviation noise abatement and compatible
land use planning.
Charles L. Elkins
Deputy Assistant Administrator
for Noise Control Programs
I
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SUMMARY
A method is described for calculating values of Day/Night
Levels ) at a point due to aircraft operations from civil
airports. Two levels of sophistication are detailed — at
the basic levelj such factors as type of takeoff and landing
procedures are considered, but: aircraft range and non-stc.ndard
approach glide slopes are excluded; the detailed method takes
account of the latter parameters. The procedure is to de-
termine distances between the point in question on the ground
and the aircraft flight tracks and runway. A series of charts
provided in the report give 7„ values for different types
of aircraft in terms of these distance parameters. An ad-
justment is made to the noise levels for each class of air-
craft to take account of the number cf operations, and these
adjustment levels are then added logarithmically to producce
an overall noise level. This method is not suitable for
generating noise contours (lines of equal value) although
a method is described for estimating area and size of any
given contour.
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CONTENTS
Section Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. OVERVIEW b
A. Sound Exposure Level (SEL) 6
B. Calculation of Partial L^n Values ... g
C. Calculation of Total L, Value 8
an
D. Calculation Summary 9
III. CALCULATION OF Ldn VALUES AT A POINT .... H
A. Acquire Field Information
B. Determine the SEL for Each Contributing
Aircraft Noise Event 32
C. Complete the Partial L^n Value 33
D. Add the Partial Lj Values to Obtain
the Total L^n for Aircraft Operations . 37
E. Examples ifO
IV. METHOD FOR DETERMINING APPROXIMATE L.
an
CONTOURS FOR A SINGLE FLIGHT PATH Uj
A. Calculation of the Equivalent SEL
Value U7
B. Determining the Approximate Size of
an SEL Contour 51
V. ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES FOR DETAILED NOISE
ASSESSMENT OR NON-STANDARD FLIGHT PROFILES . 59
A. Use of Special Charts for Differing
Takeoff Weights 59
B. Adjustment for Non-Standard Approach
Glide Slope Angles 59
k v
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Page
C. Guidance in Determining the Number of
Positions for L^n Calculations 5
REFERENCES 71
APPENDIX A. SEL CHARTS 73
APPENDIX B. DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT SEL CHARTS 3^3
TABLES
Tables
1. Noise Chart Codes Associated with Aircraft Types
Ranked by Approximate Noisiness 13
2. Rules for Combining Sound Levels by
Decibel Addition" 39
3. Day-Night Level Calculation
Stage Lengths Associated with Takeoff
Categories 60
A-l. Noise Chart Codes Associated With Aircraft
Types Ranked by Approximate Noiseness 78
A-2. Index of Noise Charts 79
B-l. Takeoff Procedures Assumed for Profiles of
Civil T'urbcfan Transport Aircraft 368
FIGURES
Figures
1. Illustration of SEL Concept 7
2. Basic Situation of Calculation of Day-Night
Average Levels Due to Aircraft 12
3. Definition of Distances D-^ and for an
Aircraft Takeoff
Definition of Distances D]_ and D2 for an
Aircraft Approach 16
5. Ld Data Collection and Calculation Chart 21
6. Example: Flight Tracks at Mythical Airport ?6
7(a) I-'Qn Data Collection and Calculation Chart
(Example 1) 2()
7(b) ldn Collection and Calculation Chart
(Example 1) 30
7(c.) L^n Data Collection and Calculation Chart
(example 1) 21
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Figures Page
8. Chart for Determining the Adjustment "K"
for Number of Aircraft Operations During Day
and Night Periods 36
9- Chart for Combining Sound Levels by
"Decibel Addition"
10. L, Data Collection and Calculation Chart
dn
(Examples 2 & 3) 43
11. Flight Paths and Distances for Example 3 . . .
12. L, Data Collection and Calculation Chart
an
(Examples 4 & 6) c*2
13. Contour Closure Distance A c-14
14. Determining A and B for Contour Area
Calculations - Example 5 %
15. L Data Collection for Differing Takeoff
Categories
16. Equivalent D^ for Non-Standard Operation ... ^3
17. Nomograph for Finding the Equivalent D-j^
(at 3°)for Different Glide Slopes
18. Definition of Distances for Determining
Land Parcel "Size" ^6
19. Guidance Chart for Determining Land Parcel
"Size" with Respefit to SEL or Variations . 5^
vil
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Figures Page
B-l Sound Exposure Level Versus Distance ^-Engine LEPR
Turbofan Aircraft - 707 and DC-3 Aircraft with JT33
Series Engine 35^
B-2 Sound Exposure Level Versus Distance - General
Aviation Propeller Aircraft 3^9
B-3 Generalized ATA Takeoff Profiles for 4-Hngine LBPR
Aviation Propeller Aircraft-DC-8, 707 Series(4-T~T?L) 360
B-^ Generalized ATA Takeoff Profiles for 3-Engine LBPR
Turbofan Transport Aircraft - 727 Series (S-T-^FL). . 3^
B-5 Generalized ATA Takeoff Procedures for 2-Engine LBPR
Turbofan Aircraft - DC-9, 737 Series (2-T-TFL) .... 3^2
B-6 Generalized ATA Takeoff Profiles for 4-Engine HBPR
Turbofan Transport Aircraft - 7^7 Series (4-T-TFH) . . 363
B-7 Generalized ATA Takeoff Profiles for 3-Engine HBPR
Turbofan Transport - DC-10, L-1011 Series (S-T-^FH). . 364
B-8 Generalized Takeoff Profiles for 2- and ^-Engine
Heavier Propeller Aircraft 365
B-9 Generalized Takeoff Profiles for Business Jet Aircraft
and Smaller General Aviation Propeller Aircraft . . . 3uo
B-10 A Comparison of Takeoff Profiles for 4-Engine LBPR
Turbofan Transport Aircraft - DC-8, 707 Series .... 369
viii
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CALCULATION OF DAY/NIGHT LEVELS DUE TO
CIVIL AIRCRAFT FLIGHT OPERATION
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
This manual presents procedures and information for
calculating the day/night noise level (L^n) due to flight
operations in the vicinity of civil airports. Use of this
procedure and aircraft noise information presented in this
manual will enable you to estimate the day/night noise level
at specific ground locations resulting from aircraft takeoffs
and landings at an airport. Charts are provided in the manual
which provide noise information on most civil aircraft cur-
rently operating in the country. Noise charts are presented
for takeoff and landing operations including special noise
abatement procedures.
The basic steps in calculating day/night levels are rela-
tively simple and straightforward. However, the number of
calculations multiply by the number of types of aircraft and
the kinds of operations involved, so calculations can be quite
lengthy when calculating noise exposure near an airport where
the noise Is due to operations from several runways by a variety
of aircraft.
The handbook provides information for estimating day/night
average levels at two levels of precision:
(a) a preliminary assessment when detailed information on
aircraft operations is not available and
(b) a detailed assessment when accurate lnfornation on
aircraft flight operations and flight paths is known.
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The latter assessment requires more extensive informa-
tion on aircraft operations and may be more time consuming
to calculate.
This manual has been especially developed for desk cal-
culation cf day/night levels values at specific ground locations.
The procedures are not intended for developing noise exposure
contours around an entire airport since the calculations would
generally be too time consuming and laborious. When noise
contours over a considerable area are needed, several computer
programs are currently available and should be used.1*2* The
basic noise information provided in this manual is identical
to that used in some of the other current computer programs
for calculating day/night level contours.
This manual does not include information on military
aircraft, hence it cannot be used for calculating Ldn values
for a military airport or where military aircraft operate
from a civil airport; information on noiao from ground runup
operations is also excluded from the handbook. Noise data
are also restricted to fixed wing aircraft, so that noise
from helicopter operations cannot be calculated. However,
the basic calculation procedures can be extended to cover
those aircraft simply by providing separate noise charts for
the aircraft not covered in this manual.
This manual does not provide information on criteria,
standards or guidelines for interpreting the day/night level
*References are listed together at the end of the text.
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in terms of land use or community response. Such information
may be found in application guides published by various local,
state and federal agencies.
The next section of the manual provides a brief descrip-
tion of the calculation procedure. Section III describes how
to calculate L^n values at a point, and Section IV describes
a method for determining approximate L^n contours. Section V
gives additional procedures for detailed noise assessment or
non-standard flight profiles. The noise information to be
used in calculating the day/night levels is provided in
Appendix A. Appendix B provides background technical infor-
mation concerning the calculation of noise graphs and basic
modeling assumptions and sources of technical information.
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SECTION II
OVERVIEW
The day night average sound level (L^n) Is a measure
of the noise environment at a prescribed location over a
24-hour period. It is equivalent in terms of sound energy
to the level of a continuous A-weighted sound level with
10 dB added to the nighttime levels. The may be
measured or computed in several ways. If the noise is
monitored continuously, tne noise levels existing over the
24-hour period can be summed on an energy basis (adding
10 dB to the nighttime levels).
A second approach is adopted for calculating the L^n
values due to airport operations. In this approach, the
noise contributions from each significant aircraft operation
(takeoffs and landings) occurring over a 24-hour period are
summed on an energy basis to obtain the L^n value. In this
case, the nighttime adjustment may be introduced by either
adding 10 dB to the nighttime levels or by multiplying the
number of nighttime events by 10. This latter procedure
is the one adopted in this manual.*
To provide a systematic basis for calculations, air-
craft noise intrusions are classified by type of aircraft
and type of operations (takeoffs and landings). (The
classification for an aircraft is based on the airport
noise characteristics and its takeoff and landing capa-
bilities.) An L^n value (called a "partial" L^n) is first
*Day time is taken as the period from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.,
nighttime is the period from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.
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calculated for each claus of aircraft, taking into account
the number of significant operations occurring in the day-
time and nighttime. These "partial" L^n values are then
summed on an energy bas J s to obtain the total L, .
an
A. Sound Exposure Level (SEL)
The noise exposure contribution frorn each aircraft
operation is described in terms of sound exposure level
(SEL). Referring to Figure 1, which shows a typical time
pattern of the noise levels existing during an aircraft
flyover, the SEL is the A-weighted sound level integrated
over the entire nci.se event and normalized to a reference
duration of 1 second. Hence the SEL gives the level of a
continuous 1 second signal which contains the same amount
of energy as the noise event. The 1 second reference dur-
ation acts like a common denominator, permitting the
addition of new events of varying durations.
Note that while the SEL is measured in terms of the
A-weighted sound level scale, the SEL is generally not equal
to the maximum A-level occurring during the noise event
(see Figure 1). Most aircraft noise intrusions last more
than 1 3ccond, so SEL value will in general be higher than
the maximum A-level for the same event.
B. Calculation of Partial L, Values
dn
The L^. for one class of aircraft and mode of operation
along one flight track is called the "partial" For
aircraft class, i, and operational mode, j, the partial L^n
(i,J) is given by:
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SEL = Time Integration
of A-Level Divided by
Reference Duration
SEL-j>
Reference Duration
(1 sec)^
Maximum
A-Level
Both figures have the same total weighted sound energy when
integrated over time
TIME
FIGURE 1. ILLUSTRATION OF SEL CONCEPT
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Ldn(l,J) = SEL(i, j ) + 10 log(ND[i,J] + 10 N^[i,j])-49- 4 (1)
where = number of daytime operations
= number of nightime operations
The SEL(i,j), the firs" term in the above equation, is
dependent upon the type of aircraft, its power setting and
the distance of the aircraft from the listener at the
closest point along its flight track. The second tern of
the equation involves the number of operations for the given
type of aircraft and mode of operation. The last terra, a
constant of -49.4, reflects the normalization of Ldn to a
24-hour day, rather than to the 1 second reference value
for SEL.*
For convenient calculation, equation (1) may be re-
written as:
Ldn(iJ) = SEL( i , J ) - K(i,j) (2)
where K = 49.4 - 10 log(ND[i,j] + 10 N^[i,j])
C. Calculation of Total L, Value
dn
After the partial values are calculated for each
significant aircraft intrusion, they may be summed on an
energy basis to obtain the total- L^n due to aircraft
*The constant of 49.4 equals 10 log (number of seconds -in a
24-hour day)3 or 10 log(86, 400).
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operations. Mathematically this is expressed as follows:
Close to an airport, the contributions from air-
craft will generally be much greater than that from other
sources, hence the total L,, value due to aircraft will
equal the total L^n value for the site. At distances
further from the airport, or near other major noise sources,
the values resulting from aircraft may not fully ac-
count for the noise exposure at the site. In such situa-
tions, noise from other sources must be taken into account
in determining the total for that site.
D. Calculation Summary
In summary, the major steps in determining the day/
night level at any given position near the airport are as
follows:
(A) Obtain airport and aircraft operational information to
identify types of aircraft and types of operations
that contribute to the noise environment at the de-
sired position. Also determine the distance of the
aircraft from the ground position and the number of
operations for each type of aircraft.
(B) Determine the SEL for eaoh contributing noise event
using the noise charts given in this manual.
J
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(C) Compute the partial value for each significant class
of noise events from the SEL and number of events per
day and night.
(D) Add all the partial values together to obtain the
total L, for aircraft operations,
dn
The next section will describe each of the above steps
in detail with examples to illustrate applications to real
life situations.
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SECTION III
CALCULATION OF L. VALUES AT A POINT
dn
The basic problem to be solved is illustrated in
Figure 2 for the simple case cf a land parcel exposed to
noise from takeoffs of a single type of aircraft. To de-
termine the Lj for the land oarcel, you must be able to
dn
identify the type of aircraft, the type of operation and
the number of aircraft noise intrusions per day and per
night period. You must find out the location of the airport
runway and the flight path with respect to the land parcel.
This section describes the calculation of L , values
dn
at a single point. For small land parcels where the ex-
pected variation in noise levels throughout the land parcel
is of the order of 1 dB or less, calculations at a single
position should be sufficient. For larger parcels where
the expected variation in noise is greater than 1 dB,
calculations at several points may be needed to adequately
determine the noise exposure for the land under study.
Section V-C provides guidelines for determining whether
calculations at one or more positions are needed.
A. Acquire ?ield Information
Before starting to collect Information, a few words
of advice may be appropriate for anyone not directly con-
nected with the airport operations. In almost every case,
the best source of information is the airport manager;
either he will have the information that you want at hand,
or he can direct you to someone who has this information.
If the airport has a control tower, the FAA tower personnel
will also be a major source of information, and the airport
manager will probably pass your requests on to them.
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AIRCRAFT FLIGHT PATH
RUNWAY
90°
LAND PARCEL
AIRCRAFT
FLIGHT TRACK ON GROUND
PROBLEM: TO FIND DAY-NIGHT LEVEL (LQN) FOR LAND PARCEL
DUE TO AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS FROM AIRPORT
FIGURE 2. BASIC SITUATION FOR CALCULATION OF
DAY-NIGHT AVERAGE LEVELS DUE TO AIRCRAFT
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This report also suggests alternate sources of Information,
if for any reason you wish to work independently of the
airport manager.
Data acquisition involves the following six steps:
1. Determine the physical layout of the airport runways
and the length of the runways for the flight paths
of concern.
Runway descriptions are given in FAA Form 50103 and
instrument approach prcedures published by the National
Ocean Survey and Jeppesenu'5. Many airports will also
maintain plans containing runway information, and most
airports are also shown in Coast and Geodetic Survey
(C & GS) maps. Whatever the source, a check should be
made to be sure that the airport information is current.
2. Determine the location of the major flight tracks
over the ground and the distances D^ and Dp.
The path of the aircraft project on the ground is
called the track. This track must be located to determine
actual distances from the land parcel to the aircraft in
flight. Once the track is determined, the distances D^ and
Dp, detailed in Figures 3 and 4, should be calculated for
each track.
For takeoffs, shown in Figure 3j D^ is the distance
along the flight track from the start of the takeoff roll
to a perpendicular drawn from the flight track to the point
where the Ldn is to be determined. If the flight track is
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AIRCRAFT FLIGHT PATH
\
\
\
START OF TAKEOFF ROLL
LAND PARCEL
AIRCRAFT -
FLIGHT TRACK ON GROUND
FIGURE 3. DEFINITION OF DISTANCES D, AND D, FOR
AN AIRCRAFT TAKEOFF 1 1
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curved, the distance must be measured along the arc of the
curve. Dn is the distance along the perpendicular drawn from
C.
the flight track to the desired position.
For landing, as shown in Figure 4, D is the distance
along the flight track from the landing threshold* to the
perpendicular drawn from the flight track through the land
parcel. is the distance along the perpendicular from the
flight track to the ground position.
Figure 5 provides a form for tabulating the and D.,
distances. The maps and sketches which provide the basic
track information from which the and D2 distances are
determined should accompany this form.
Unfortuantely, aircraft do not fly along flight tracks
like cars along an expressway. The actual flight tracks
flown tend to fan out from the nominal flight track as the
aircraft get further from the airport. Locating the turning
point of just one aircraft will not necessarily be repre-
sentative of the mean flight track.
*The landing threshold identifies the beginning of the run-
way that is available and suitable for landings. For
most runways the landing threshold coincides with the
physical beginning of the runway. However, at some
airports the landing threshold is displaced along the
runway. This displaced threshold would be noted in the
instrument approach procedure charts but will not be
indicated on Coast and Geodetic Survey Maps.
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Aircraft Flight Path
Landing .
Threshold
Land Parcel
Aircraft Flight Track
on Ground
FIGURE 4. DEFINITION OF DISTANCES D, AND D, FOR
AN AIRCRAFT APPROACH 1 2
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Several sources may have to be contacted to obtain
reliable track information. Often, the best source of
information will be the FAA tower or airpor", operations
personnel. The appropriate takeoff and approach charts
from the Jeppesen Guide5 may be of some help (these charts
may be obtained individually from the publisher). Direc~
visual observation nay be needed to resolve conflicting
information, or to help determine the extent of variations
in flight track3 for different aircraft.
3. Determine the types of aircraft producing the noise
intrusions.
For convenience, aircraft; are classified into dif-
ferent aircraft types determined on the basis of their
noise characteristics and operational characteristics.
Table 1 presents the aircraft classification to be used in
this report. The table lists the general aircraft types
with specific examples. The aircraft types are listed
approximately in order of their noisiness. The aircraft
range from the 4 engine turbofan aircraft such as the
Boeing 707 and DC 8 series down to the smaller piston
engine propeller aircraft such as the Cessna 180.
Most airports will handle operations of several types
of aircraft. Start by determining'the number of aircraft
operations for each type of aircraft beginning with the
top of the list in the table. Where the number of jet
aircraft operations (transport and general aviation) exceed
more than 5% of the total operations, you need not obtain
detailed Information for the propeller aircraft operations.
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TAFT.F i
K0I3E OKART CCDCS ASSOCIATED WII'H AIRCRAFT TYr-lii".
RANKED 3" APPROXIMATE KOI.~TNF.nn
Aircraft Code
Takeoff
CKL at
Typlchil ib.lh-Ci [L. from
Aircraft ntart ~f TO1, ill
i u.rri
r• ?i :
; r"i'~
¦!:>'rT< t ;t-b.> f~ n
'l-T-TF!)
7:1 7
1: i . s
'¦ r' ru>
1.\irb''fan
^-t-tf:.
707 , DC-8
1 ".0.9
1 . ¦!
'• -hi if1;.'. r. °
! BPR t.'irbrfun
ci. J i" )
J-C-TFl U)
70
3; in)
ICS-7
'-!¦:!!,-1 r
I~ ' !iri:-:f"n
3-T-T-'
7?7
1 ;<_•. r.
1 : . :
:-n7 ' r:CBPR t'jrbrfnn
(1 -j ! - t nac; L1 <¦: )
3-T-T ¦¦IaO)
:
! 0C . 3
9''. 1
! :":\i' >: ' r.
: 1P : 'H _;rte
'1Cj 1 f ;
h-r-Tfh (q)
7 u f ( I)'-:)
i 0 ?:. 6
i C •:. i
? - V-' r,' : ' ''
(tiirb , jo
Compos ; '.o C isir.^ r. Jot
J e t n t h r t,
'•*. C 3 - -\ ,
l.earjet 3?-3c>
•Tetsl.ar LI
lot. 1
- . . ... . ,
?-F.nr,-: r r:
!,BFH ~
" -T-TFI.
7 S7, rc-c
:oi.
¦.. 3
2-Zr.f, i r.e
LB PR ;ror> f .ir.
2-T-TFL13)
? 37
i-c-tt ;cr.:
101.3
93.1
3-Kngine
HB?R turbofan
3-T-TFli
;,-iCii, dc-] c
10.. 8
98.8
r'.rir'.t ht-
I'l'-ipCill.T
h-'^-yp
iiC-'> , !-¦<*—(S
9C . ¦:
•t-Enp;1 r.e
t.urt cprop
>• -"-TP
El ec.-.ra
97.fi
9? •"
2 - En % \ r. e
G.A.' turboprop
2-G-TF
Twin Otter,
King Ai.r,
Turbo Ccmxander
9 3-t
92. 4
2 -Ensi ne
'."j . A . 1 propel ] fr1 (1 re )
.5-0-1.?-
:;c:-3
9?. 5
87-3
2-Engir.e
O.A.* propeller (small)
2-G-SPP
Cessna 310-''01
63.2
so. 5
2-Engir.e
C.A.J turbofar. 'small)
2-G-TF.n
Cessna Citation
Bl.il
BO . 3
1-Engir.e
0.A.3 propeller
1-0-FF
Cessr.a -50-21C,
Si.5
72.9
Floor Cr.er
'3b
1 ATA (Air Transport Association} takeoff procedure at max. weight category
23c approach
'General aviation
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H. Determine the mode of operations (Takeoff or landing)
for the aircraft producing noise instrusions.
Noise produced during takeoff and landing may differ
considerably. Similarly, the flight paths followed by
aircraft in landing and takeoff may differ significantly.
For those reasons the number of operations for each class
of aircraft must be identified by mode. If a detailed
analysis is being performed, takeoff operations must also
be broken down by trip length (see Section V-A).
5. Determine the number of operations per daytime and
per nighttime period.
The average number of operations per day should be
determined for each aircraft class and mode of operations.
For most purposes, the number of operations over a one year
period should be used as the basis for determining the
average number per day. For some detailed investigations
you may wish to consider the number of operations occur-
ring over a shorter period. For example, when pronounced
changes in aircraft operations occur during different
seasons of the year, you might, wish to calculate separate
day/night levels for the different seasons.
Determining the number of operations for each aircraft
class and mode of operation may not be easy since detailed
aircraft operational records arc not usually available.
The log 0f operations maintained by the FAA tower personnel
will provide the yearly number of air carrier, air taxi,
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general aviation and military operations.* However, the
FAA records do not identify the type of aircraft.
Sources of information for identifying transport
aircraft are the Official Airline Guide** (0AG) and the
flight schedules published by the individual airlines.
Some airports also provide a schedule of aircraft arrivals
and departures. And, do net neglect to check on freight
operat ions.
Discussion with the airport operator and tower
personnel will generally provide good estimates of the
number of business Jet and propeller aircraft operations.
The Information as to number of operations obtained
from different sources may be for differing time periods -
for example, dally, monthly or yearly totals. For cal-
culation purposes, this information should be corrected
to a common basis - the average number of takeoffs and
landings per day. The number of daily takeoffs and
landings should then be entered on a form (Figure 5).
* For airports having FAA towers, this information is pub
lished in "FAA Air Traffic Activity", a publication
issued by the FAA usually on both a calendar and a
fiscal year basis.
** Published monthly by the Reuben H. Donnelley Corporatio
2000 Clearwater Drive, Oak Brook, Illinois 60521
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AIRPORT
FLIGHT TRACK I I MAP
OTHER
TRACK
AIRCRAFT
OPERATION
nd
nn
D1
D2
CHART
SEL
K
PARTIAL Ldn
TOTAL Ldn
FIGURE 5. Ldn DATA COLLECTION AND CALCULATION CHART
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6. Determine the flight path utilization.
Track utilization is defined as the proportion of
operations in each direction along the flight track.
Takeoff direction alona; the runway may well reverse during
different periods of the day or year due to changes in
wind direction or traffic needs. Sometimes the same flight-
track will be used for aircraft departing and for air-
craft landing.* In other cases, the flight track may
differ for takeoff and landing operations. For example,
the landing track may be straight into the runway while
the takeoff nay involve a turn after liftoff.
Accurate information cn runway or flight track utili-
zation Is sometimes difficult tc obtain. This information
may be provided by the airport operator, FAA tower or
traffic personnel. Where detailed records are not avail-
able, estimates of track utilization may be obtained by
studying wind rose information (see reference 6).
Obtaining the above information completes the col-
lection of data for the basic L, calculations. The
an
information collected should be sufficient to complete
the top seven rows of the data collection and calculation
form (Figure 5)•
At this point, it is important to check that the ac-
quired information on numbers of takeoff or landings and
*Note that in this case although the same flight track is
used, the distance D^ will differ for takeoff and landing
by the length of the runway.
-------
path utilization are in the desired format. The values of
ND and to 'be entered in Figure 5 are the number of
takeoffs or approaches per day along the specified track.
Thus, if you know the total number of takeoffs of aircraft
type J per day for the airport, and the utilization of
track k, then the number of takeoffs of aircraft j on
track k is:
N(J,k) = ^
where U(J,k) = Utilization of track k by aircraft j, in
percent.
The traffic data may not be given in the desired
format, and there are certain pitfalls that are easily
fallen into. Check, for example, whether the distributions
of landings or takeoffs on each track are given as a per-
centage of all operations on that track, as a percentage
of landings or takeoffs at the airport, or as a percentage
of all opeerations at the airport. At each stage in the
calculations, it is most important to check that the total
number of operations is correct.
In general, calculating the number of operations to
two significant figures is sufficient, but do not ignore
nighttime operations Just because they may be an order of
magnitude less than daytime operations. As explained
earlier, the number of nighttime operations is multiplied
by 10 in the calculations, hence nighttime operations,
when they occur, will likely be significant.
-23-
-------
7. Special takeoff or landing procedures.
When making a detailed ncise assessment, additional
operational information may need to be acquired.
(a) Special noise abatement takeoffs
The basic noise charts assume ATA (Air Transport
Association) takeoff procedures for civil jet transport
operations. Special noise abatement procedures involving
reduction of engine thrust as specific altitudes nay
either be implemented at some airports or may be con-
templated as part of a noise reduction program. Information
on the procedures including the description of the pro-
cedures and the aircraft using the procedures should be
collected. Section V discusses the usage of such Infor-
mation in detail.
(b) Special landing profiles
For basic calculations, assume a 3° glide slope
for all turbojet aircraft and the larger propeller air-
craft; for smaller propeller aircraft, assume a 4-1/2°
glide slope. For other approach angles, see Section V-B.
In some cases, a two-segment approach may be used, in which
aircraft start their approach on a 6° glide slope and then
transition tc a 3° glide slope at 2 nautical miles from
the landing threshold. These approaches have special
noise charts associated with them; these are identified in
Section III-B.
-24-
-------
8. Data collection example (Example 1).
Two small parcels of land P and Q are the subject of
an Investigation of aircraft noise at Mythical Airport
(see Figure 6). Distances from the runway and flight
tracks are as shown, and the following operational data
have been collected:
•
Total daily operations "at airport: 150*
Distribution of landings or takeoffs on
each track as percentage of all landings
or takeoffs at airport
27A
Landing 0%
Takeoff 30$
2 7B
10*
60%
09 A
90%
1035
Distribution of operations by type of aircraft:
B-727 - 70%
DC-9 - 30%
Distribution by time of day:
Day
Night
B-727 75%
DC-9 80%
25%
20%
*Note that this total is equal to 75 takeoffs and 75 landi
-------
c = 20,000'
10,000'
Track 27 B
Track 09A
e = 2000"
a = 2500'
6000' R
7000'
g = 19,300* Along Track
Magnetic Heading
225 M
FIGURE 6.
EXAMPLE: FLIGHT TRACKS AT MYTHICAL AIRPORT
-------
The first step is tc calculate the distance and
for the points P and Q pertaining to each track. These
distances are tabulated in Figure 7.
Remember that does not have the same value for
takeoffs and landings. For takeoffs, D.^ is
measured along the track from the brake release
point, which is the point when the aircraft starts
its takeoff roll (i.e. the far end of the runway
for aircraft coming towards you). For landings,
is measured to the landing threshold which is
usually the near end of the runway, except in
the case of a displaced threshold.
The values of and D2 can be measured directly off
Figure 6, and accuracy to two significant figures is quite
adequate. In this example, both types of aircraft con-
veniently start their turn after takeoff at the same point.
More often, however, the flight; instructions would call
for a turn at a given altitude.. and since aircraft have
differing rates of climb, the turn would be initiated
at different points.
The next step is to calculte the total number of
operations at the airport broken down by type, i.e.
B-727 150 x 0.7 = 105
DC-9 150 x 0.3 = ^5
Total = 150
-------
Break these numbers down into day and night operations:
Day Might Total
B-727 105 x .75 = 79 105 x .25 = 26 105
DC-9 45 x .80 = 36 45 x .20 = 9 __45
150
These aircraft must be distributed on each flight
track:
Track 27A
Landing Takeoff
Day Night Day Nigh1;
B-727 0 0 12 3-9
DC-9 0 0 5.4 l.H
Track 27B
B-727 4.0 1.3 24 7.8
DC-9 1.8 0.5 11 2.7
Track 09A
B-727 36 12 4.0 1.3
DC-9 16 4.1 1.8 0.5
Check on total operations - 151.5
(the discrepancy here is due to rounding error)
The data has now been broken dowr. so that the L,
dn
collection and calculation chart can be completely filled
in (Figure 7)•
-23-
-------
airport Mythical - TbstiiCJ/l Q flight track 1 1 map 1 [other
TRACK
og R
09
ogf}
09 n
AIRCRAFT
S-727
/3- 727
DC 3
DC 9
OPERATION
r/o
Landing
T/O
Landing
nd
4.o
36
l.S
16
nn
1.3
/2
a.S
t.l
D1
. _Jd +f)
AS,000
Tofao
(d + f)
15,000
(f)
7OOO
D2
(e)
2000
(•)
Z000
(•>
zooo
(•) _
2000
CHART
SEL
K
PARTIAL Ldn
TOTAL Ldn
FIGURE 7(a). LnM DATA COLLECTION AND CALCULATION CHART
EXAMPLE 1
-------
AIRPORT MythiCaJ - VosiiioO 7* FLIGHT TRACK [Z2 MAP I I OTHER
TRACK
27 0
27 6
27 B
27 6
AIRCRAFT
B- 727
a-727
DC-9
DC-9
OPERATION
T lo
Landing
t/o
Landing
nd
2f
1.3
II
1.2
nn
7.S
0.5
2.7
O.S
D1
2 ofyao
/2,o$o
'(c)
zo.ooo
_(c-d)
iz.aoa
D2
(o)
2 500
(a)
ZSOO
(a)
2 500
(a)
zsoo
CHART
SEL
K
PARTIAL LnKI
DN
TOTAL Ldn
FIGURE 7 (b). LnM DATA COLLECTION AND CALCULATION CHART
UIN EXAMPLE 1
-------
airport Mythical - PosiffonP flight track [H]map I [other
TRACK
27 R
27 R
27 Fl
Z1 R
AIRCRAFT
B- 727
3-127
B -727
B- 72.7
OPERATION
T Jo
LRNDING
t/o
LRNDIN6
nd
IZ
O
5. lt
O
nn
3.7
0
I.H-
O
D1
(k)
3500
-
(b>„
3500
-
°2
(s)
n zoo
mm
(g)
/<7, 3 00
—
CHART
SEL
K
PARTIAL Ldn
TOTAL Ldn
FIGURE 7 (c) . Ln M DATA COLLECTION AND CALCULATION CHART
u EXAMPLE 1
-------
B. Determine the SET, for each Contributing Aircraft Noise Event
1. Check the Distances D^ and D?
The knowledge of D-^ and of the aircraft takeoff ana
landing profile determines height of the aircraft above
ground (see Figures 3 & 4) as it passes near the ground
position. You do not have to calculate the height. It
is automatically calculated and taken into account in the
noise charts.
2. Select the Proper Noise Chart
All the information has now been assembled for sel-
ection of the proper noise charts. The selection of the
noise chart Is determined by:
Aircraft type (in accordance with Table 1 )
Mode of operation (takeoff or landing)
Distance
The noise charts are listed in Appendix A. Each
noise chart covers a range of the distance D^, and several
charts may be needed to cover the entire range of D-^
values for each aircraft and mode of operation.
Noise charts are identified according to the code
listed below. This shows an example of the coding used by
the charts for the basic L, calculation:
dn
1| _ T - TFL(Q) - TO(I) - N - 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
-32-
-------
(1) The first number identifies the number of engines in
the aircraft.
(2) This letter signifies either transport aircraft (T) or
general aviation aircraft (G).
(3) The next group of letters identifies the type of
engine, as follows:
TJ - Turbojet
TFL - Low bypass ratio turbofan
TFH - High bypass ratio turbofan
TP - Turboprop
PP - Propeller driven by reciprocating
engine
LPP - Propeller driven by reciprocating
engine (large)
SPP - Propeller driven by reciprocating
engine (small)
TFS - Turbofan (small)
The appendix (Q) signifies a quiet nacelle
engine.
(4) The mode of operation Is Identified with a T0_ for
takeoff and L for landing. (I), (II) or (III) refers
to the takeoff profiles associated with different
flight trip lengths when a detailed noise analysis
is being performed (see Section V-A). If the trip
length is not known, use profile (II).
-33-
-------
(5) This group of letters refers to the special procedure
that may be used. The interpretation of the coding
is as follows:
S Standard takeoff or landing
N Northwest Orient Airlines noise abatement
takeoff
F FAR Fart 36 takeoff
T Two-segment approach
(6) The last number of the code identifies the number in
the set. The graphs within a set encompass different
ranges of the distance Dn. For the turbojet and
turbofan aircraft there are usually three graphs in
a takeoff set and two graphs in a landing set. For
the propeller aircraft there are two graphs in a
takeoff set and one graph in a landing set.
For a given type of aircraft, look up the chart code
in Table 1 (page26) which will give the first three groups
of the code. If the operation is a takeoff and stage
lengths are not known, use the chart with TO (II) in the
code (if the stage lengths are known, see Chapter V).
Check also whether the airport uses standard or special
takeoff and landing procedures. Finally, look through the
subset of charts for the chart that shows the appropriate
range of D^. The desired SEL value is determined by first
establishing the Dg distance along the horizontal axis. A
perpendicular is then drawn on the graph to intersect the
proper value. The appropriate D1 distance is established
by interpolation between the bracketing curves. From
-34-
-------
this intersection, a line is drawn horizontally to inter-
sect the vertical. The point of intersection gives the
proper 3EL value.
C. Complete the partial Ldn value
1. Calculate the correction for the number of operations.
The SEL value for a given type of aircraft and mode
of operation must now be adjusted for the number of times
this particular type of aircraft flies along this track.
This adjustment is made by subtracting the variable K which
is dependent on the number and distribution of day and
night flights. The equation* for K is 49.4 - 10 log (N^ +
10N„) and its solution is graphed in Figure 8. In Figure 8,
1\
find the nearest whole number value of K for the inter-
section of the number of daytine (Np) and nighttime (N^)
operations for the given type of aircraft, mode of operation
and track.
2. Calculate the partial value.
The partial value [L^^(i,j)] is simply the arith-
metic difference of the SEL value found above and the ap-
propriate K value:
Ldn(ijj) = SEL^'^ " K(i,j)
The process is now completed for obtaining an
*See Equation 2, page 7
-3b-
-------
-------
value for class of aircraft and mode of aircraft operation
j. Repeat for each major aircraft type and node of op-
eration. Repetition will result in a set of Ld (i,j)
values. The total aircraft noise environment is then the
summation of these nartial L, values.
dn
D. Add the oartial L, values to obtain the total L,
' dn dn
for aircraft operations
Since the partial values are expressed in decibels,
they cannot be added together by ordinary arithmetic. In-
stead "decibel addition" is involved.* A chart for adding
sound levels quite accurately by "decibel addition" is
given in Figure 9. This chart can be used to an accuracy
of 0.1 d3, but most applications will not require (nor
justify) this degree of precision. A more practical ad-
dition procedure for quickly estimating the sum of two or
more decibel levels is given in the top of Table 2. The
use of this table will yield a sum that has an accuracy
within 1 dB. An accuracy within 1/2 dB can be obtained
*Remember that the decibel scale is logarithmic and ex-
presses the ratio of two quantities related to power
(with one quantity being a reference value). When L^
values to be combined are ("decibel addition")> the values
are combined on an energy basis. The rigorous procedure
for doing this is to convert the decibel numbers to
relative powers, to add the powers and then convert back
to the corresponding decibels. The availability of
scientific calculators that have 1G* and log^^x functions
makes decibel addition very easy and precise.
-37-
-------
3.0
UJ
UJ
0.5
O 2.5
UJ
UJ
C_>
20
DIFFERENC
UJ
CO
UJ
o
UJ
0.5
UJ
234 567 89 10
DIFFERENCE IN DECIBELS BETWEEN TWO LEVELS TO BE ADDED
o
FIGURE 9. CHART FOR COMBINING SOUND LEVELS BY "DECIBEL ADDITION"
-------
TABLE 2
RULES FOR COMBINING SOUND LEVELS BY "DECIBEL ADDITION"
A. For noise levels know or desired to an accuracy of +_ 1
decibel:
Add the following
When two decibel amount to the
values differ by higher value
0 or 1 dB 3 dB
2 or 3 dB 2 dB
4 to 9 dB 1 dB
10 dB or more 0 dB
B.
For noise levels known cr desired to an accouracy of + %
decibel:
Add the following
When two decibel amount to the
values differ by higher value
0 or % dB 3 dB
1 or 1% d3 2h d3
2 to 3 d3 2 dB
3% to dB 1% dB
5 to 7 dB 1 dB
7% to 12 dB % dB
13 dB or more 0 dB
(For greater accuracy, refer to chart in Figure 5)
-39-
-------
by using the lower half of Table 2. This degree of ac-
curacy in comparing values will generally te adequate
for most calculations.
When a number of partial L. values are tc be added,
1 an *
using Table 2 or Figure 9, they should be added two at a
time, starting with the lower valued levels and continuing
the addition procedure of two at a time until only one value
remains. To illustrate, suppose it is desired to add the
following five level??, using the summation procedure of
the upper portion of Table 2:
Addition of the partial L^n values completes the
procedure. Table 3 summarizes the basic calculation stops
that have been described.
E. Examples
The following two examples illustrate the procedure,
the first for a single aircraft operation and the second
for multiple aircraft, operations. Calculations for these
examples are given in Figure 10.
68 aB
88 d3
_I(0-
-------
Consider a site exposed tc noise from takeofTs of
4-er.gine LBPR turbofan aircraft with the aircraft
departing along a curved flight path essentially
as shown in Figure 3 (page??). There are twelve
operations during daytime hours (between 7 am and
10 pm) and two nighttime operations (between 10 prn
and 7 am). The standard ATA takeoff procedure is
used but the stage lengths are unknown.
Measurement of the flight track on a map shows
that the distance D.; is 22 , 000 feet and the distanc
D- is 10CC feet.
ci
Entering the takeoff chart 4-T-TFL-TO(II)-S-3
which covers distances from 18,000 to 190,000
feet and using distance D~, value of 1000 feet, an
SEL value of 101.3 dB is obtained. Note that a
curve for equal to 22 , 000 feet is located two-
fifths of the distance between the D-^ curves for
20,000 and 25,000 feet.
The interpolation here can be done by inspection ox-
by calculation:
At D2 = 1000 ft.
Pi
20,000
2 5,000
SEL
102
10n . ?
-41-
-------
Thus j the SEL for a D-, of 22, 000 ft. is
. 22,000-20,000 q \
102 + 25,000-20,000 * (1'8'
= 102 - | (1.8) = 102 - 0.? = 101.3
j
From Figure 8j the "K" value for equal to 12 and
equal to 2 is 3^5 dB. Therefore, as shown ir.
column 1 of Figure 10, the is 66.8 dB.
Example 3 -
Consider the sane site as in Example 2. The airport
is considering a change in aircraft departure paths,
such that a large proportion of aircraft would make
a "straight-out" departure as sketched in Figure 11.
The total number of departures is unchanged. What
will be the change in noise exposure at the site
as a result of this change of operations? The
needed operational information is tabulated ir.
columns 2 and 3 of Figure 10. Eight daytime flights
have been changed from flight path A to flight path
B. The two night operations have been split between
the two paths.
The distance D- and D2 are tabulated in Figure 10.
The SEL values from 4-T-TFL—TO(I)-S-3 are also
tabulated. The new flight path results in an
SEL that is 2.3 dB lower than that for flight
path A.
-k2-
-------
AIRPORT
(1)
(2)
FLIGHT TRACK
(3)
MAP
~
OTHER
i
I
TRACK
A
A
B
AIRCRAFT
B" 707
&-707
ft-107
OPERAT ION
T/O
t/o
r/o
nd
IZ
4-
?
nn
2,
/
1
D1
22,(700
Z£,000
za, aao
D2
IOOO
IOOO
a ooo
CHART
4-T-TFL-T0(n:)-S-3
f--T-7FL-To(z)-5-3
i-T-TFL-Ta^i)-5-3
SEL
101.3
101.2
97
K
3V.5
38
37
PARTIAL LnKI
DN
CG.S
£3.3
6'2.0
TDTAI I r
~DN
eS.S (Example 3)
FIGURE 10. Ldn DATA COLLECTION AND CALCULATION CHART
EXAMPLES 2 & 3
-------
FLIGHT PATH (B)
FLIGHT PATH (A)
LAND PARCEL
AIRCRAFT -s
FLIGHT TRACKS ON GROUND
FIGURE 11. FLIGHT PATHS AND DISTANCES FOR EXAMPLE 3
-------
Subtracting the "K" values obtained .from Figure 10
results in partial L^n values of 63-3 dB and 62.0 dB.
Adding the two oartial I., values by means of
& dn 17
Table 2-B results in a total of 65.3 dB as shown
b elow.
63.3 - 62.0 = 1.3 dB, By Table 2-B,
2.5 dB should then be added to 63-3 dB
63.3 + 2.5 = 65.8 dB
(More precise calculations yield 65-7 dB.)
Thus, the change in flight paths has resulted in a
decrease in noise exposure; at the site by 1 dB.
The procedures involved in this section are summarized
in Table 3-
-4^-
-------
TABLE 3. DAY-NIGHT LEVEL
CALCULATION SUMMARY
1. Obtain operational input information:
Aircraft type
Mode of operations: takeoff or landing
Number of operations for:
Daytime (K._)
Nighttime (N^)
Flight track location in the ground
2. From a f 1 ght track map, obtain distances D-, and
Dp (see Figure 2)
3. Select proper aircraft noise chart, based on:
Aircraft type
Mode cf operation
D i s t an c e D,
. From the noise chart, determine the aircraft sound
exposure level (SET;) by entering the chart using
distances D-j and D? .
b. Obtain the MK" value for number of operations from
Figure B, using Nr, and
6". Subtrack K from SEE to obtain the partial L, .
an
7. Repeat Stops 1 through 6 for each separate
aircraft type and mode of operations that would
contribute to the noise exposure at the land
parcel.
Thus, for each aircraft type i, and moue of
operation j, one will obtain a corresponding
8. "Add" the Ldn(i,j) values using Table 2 or
Figure 5 to obtain the total aircraft L, .
dn
-!\6-
-------
SECTION IV
METHOD FOR DETERMINING APPROXIMATE L, CONTOURS FOR
an
A SINGLE FLIGHT PATH
A. Calculate the Equivalent SEL Value
The procedures given in this manual enable you to cal-
culate the L^n value at a given ground position. They do
not provide an efficient way to determine contours (lines of
equal L^ values) which nay cover quite large land areas.
As noted earlier, standard computer programs are available
for generating Ldr contours.
For some planning purposes, it may be desirable to make
an estimate of contour size and dimensions for a specific
flight path. To accomplish this limited aim, this section
outlines a way of determing the approximate size and area
of a specified Ldn contour. The basic approach lies in
determining the dominant mode of operation (takeoff cr
landing), the most significant aircraft in terms of noise
contribution for that path, and then calculating an equivalent
SEL corresponding to the desired values for which contours
are needed. Once the equivalent SEL value is determined, the
approximate contours can be determined, as outlined in Section
IV-B.
This procedure has several limitations. L^n contours
may be influenced by both takeoff and landing operations but
in this method, only the dominant mode of operation is con-
sidered. Another limitation is that in many locations, the
values are influenced by contributions from more than
one flight path; this procedure is based upon noise from
aircraft on only one flight path.
-47-
-------
The .method for calculating the equivalent SEL value is
described in the following seven steps:
1, Identify the aircraft types and number of takeoffs and
landings per day for the three "noisiest" classes of air-
craft. Tn ranking the aircraft in terms of their contribu-
tions to the total noise environment, use the ranking of
aircraft given in Table 1*.
If takeoff operations comprise k0% or more of the total
operations, omit calculations for aircraft on approach. If
takeoff operations comprise less than 30% of the operations,
neglect the takeoff operations. Where takeoffs range be-
tween 30# and 39% carry out calculations for both takeoff
and landing a1.rc.raft.
2. List the three classes of aircraft identified in Step 1
in the form given in Figure 5 together with the number of
day and night takeoffs or landings for each aircraft. Also,
list the appropriate takeoff or landing SEL values from
Table 1 for each aircraft. This value is identified as the
reference SEL value (S3L_) for that aircraft and mode of
operation.
*Table 1 lists the typical noise levels at a distance ap-
proximately 16, 00 0 fee i from start of takeoff or 6>000
from threshold, on landing threshold. The relative ranking
of contributions may well change for different positions
hence the listing in Table 1 is to be used for the purposes
of this analysis only.
-48-
-------
3. Determine from Figure 8 the adjustment factor "X" for
the number of day and night operations and list on Figure 5-
4. For each aircraft class, subtract the K values from the
partial day/night levels.
(iWr " S2Lr - k ••••
5. Add the partial values as described in Section IIT-C
to obtain the reference L, value for takeoffs and/or for
an
landings. In cases where both landing and approach
values have been calculated (see Step 1), compare the landing
and takeoff values. If the landing value exceeds the take-
off value by more than 3 dB neglect the takeoff value in
future calculations. If this is not the case, neglect the
landing values in further calculations.
This assessment results in selection of the dominant
mode of aircraft operation and establishes the reference L
value.
6. Identify the dominant aircraft, which is the aircraft
that has the highest partial Ld value for the dominant mode
of operation.
7. Obtain the equivalent SEL} SELg, for the reference L^n
value. The equivalent SEL for the dominant aircraft is
calculated as follows:
SELg - [Ldn - (Ldn)R] + SELr (4.2)
-49-
-------
where L. is the level whose contour you wish
Gii
to calculate
(L, )„ is the reference value of L,
dn R dn
SELd is the reference value for the dominant aircraft
n
The SELg contour size and shape is approximately the
»
same as the reference L, contour. The SEL„ is then used
dn E
in Section IV-B to calculate the size and area of the L, _
anR
contour.
Example 4(a) You want to determine the approximate
size and area for the L^ = 60 contour for operations along
the track 27B at Mythical Airport (see Figure 6); ATA
takeoffs are used, but stage lengths are unknown. The
breakdown of operations on an average daily basis along
this track is now as follows:
Aircraft Type
Average Daily
Landings
Average Daily
Takeoffs
nd nn
N N
D N
Boeing 74?
3 1
10 3
Boeing 707
5 2
14 6
DC-9
7 2
20 5
Convair 440
5 1
16 3
Twin Otter
3 0
9 0
Looking at the ranking of Table I, it can be seen that the
Convair 440 ana Twin Otter can be eliminated from further
consideration, since only the three noisiest classes of
aircraft are to be considered. Looking, therefore, at the
74?, 707 and DC-9, it can be seen that there are a total of
53 takeoffs and 20 landings. Takeoffs comprise more then
-------
i\0% of all operations, so landings need not he considered.
Write the values of and N,., for each aircraft type on the
Data Collection Chart (Figure 12) and calculate the values
of K. Using the reference SEL values (SEL,_,)} calculate the
partial L, values at the reference distance using £>x£L„
^ dn ° n
values from Tab 1 a T, then calculate the reference by
addition of the partial I values. This results 1n a
reference L, of 79.7• Finally, calculate the eauivalent
an ¦ 3'
SEL using equation .?) so that
SEL,, = (50 - 79.7) + 107.5
= 87.3
This value of SEL„ is used in the next section to
Hj
calculate the shape for the -• 60 contour (in Example 6).
B. Determine the Approximate Size of an SEL Contour
The procedure outlined in this subsection provides an
approximate method of determining the width, length and area
of an 3i£L con I our for a specific aircraft operation (take-
off or landing) er of determining an I,. . contour using an
equivalent, SEL value (SEL-,) . The procedure somewhat over-
estimates the size of the actual contour since it considers
only air-to-ground noise propagation ana neglects the in-
creased attenuation due to ground-to-ground propagation
which occurs when the aircraft is at a low elevation angle
with respect, to the listener. -
*The increased attenuation of noisa for ground-to-ground
propagation u*i I i mainly vsdu.ee the size of the contour
white the aircraft is on ihk ground during takeoff roll.
-------
AIRPORT
FLIGHT TRACK MAP I I OTHER
TRACK
27 B
27 B
27 B
AIRCRAFT
B-74-7
S -707
Dc-l
OPERATION
t/o
t/o
t/o
nd
10
m-
20
nn
3
6
5
D1
D2
CHART
4-T-TFL-T0(u)-l
~
selr
109
107.5
/oa
K
33.3
3 0.3
3/
partial ldn
75.7
76.7
11
TOTAL Ldn ~7!L1
FIGURE 12. L DATA COLLECTION AND CALCULATION CHART
EXAMPLES 4 & 6
-------
1. Select the proper noise charts for the given aircraft
and mode of operation (if calculating an contour, use
the dominant aircraft and mode of operation). The set of
curves can be identified as described in Section III-B.
2. Determine the approximate contour closure distance.
The contour closure distance is the distance (from start of
takeoff roll or frorr the landing threshold) at which the
desired SEL value is attained along the flight track. This
distance is identified as A in Figure 13.
The closure distance can be determined from the noise
charts by finding the distance D, along the left vertical
axis for the desired SEL value:. (Note that since the
closure distance is measured along the flight track,
is zero). Interpolate between the curves to find the
desired value, and identify this distance as A.
3. To find the maximum width of the SEL contour, de-
termine the maximum value of for any' value of D-^. To
do this, draw a horizontal line or. the chart (s) at the
specified equivalent SEL value. Find the intersection with
a Dt curve that occurs farthest to the right of the chart.
Read off on the horizontal axis corresponding to this
intersection, and denote this as 3. Where there is more
than one chart to a takeoff or landing set, as will usually
be the case, one should repeat this procedure for each chart,
and take the largest value of D£ as B*.
*As indicated in Figure 13> this procedure will result in
determining B the maximum, width of the contour. At
distances closer to the runway the noise contour may be
narrower than those calculated from the above method
because of the influence of ground-to-ground propagation.
-53-
-------
TAKEOFF
4—
LANDING
FIGURE 13. CONTOUR CLOSURE DISTANCE A
-------
b. Calculate the approximate area of the contour. The
approximate area of the contour is found from the following
expression:
Area - ^ x A x B = 1.57 x A x B .... (4.3)
This expression approximates the contour as a section
of an ellipse. This area is greater than the actual contour
size because the ground-to-ground transmission of sound is
neglected.
Example 5 -
You wish to find the approximate area impacted
by noise levels of 107 SEL and above as a
result of standard takeoffs of 4 engine LBPR
turbofan aircraft (707/DC-8). First, go to the
approximate set of noise charts
(4 - T - TFL - TO(II) - S - 1, 2, 3).
Figure 14, a copy of the second chart of this
subset, shows that when is zero (i.e. looking
along the vertical axis) an SEL of 107 occurs
for a value of = 15, 000 ft. Now moving -
horizontally along the line for SEL = 107, it
can be seen that the largest value of D^ is
about 1350 ft. (This occurs for = 8000,
but there is no need to record this.) Check all
the charts in the set to see that this is, in
fact, the largest value of
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
Enter With
SEL = 107
I 6QQQ
TO,000
12,000 -
4—T—T F L—T O (I I)—S—2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 18,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
n.4.f"«C*rWoerfOT* '4. 4Ur.V*r-««V
-r-
I
I I
14,000
A
14,00c
16;
£
500 1000 2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
20,i
FIGURE 14. DETERMINING A AND B FOR CONTOUR AREA
CALCULATIONS - EXAMPLE 5
- j f-
-------
Thus A = 15,500 ft.
E = 1,350 ft.
Area Impacted = 1.57 x 15,500 x 1,350
= 32.5 x 106 ft.2
Example 6 -
This is the continuation of Example 4 in which
an SEL vaiue of 87•8 was obtained as equivalent
to an L, value of 60. Turn to the takeoff noise
dn
charts for trie dominant aircraft (4-T-TFL-T0(II )-S);
the third chart of the series shows a contour
closure distance, D^, along the y axis of
90,000 ft. The maximum width, shown on the
second chart in the series is 10,000 ft. This
8 2
results in a contour area of 14 x 10 ft.
-57-
-------
SECTION V
ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES FOR DETAILED NOISE ASSESSMENT
OR KON-STANDARD FLIGHT PROFILES
A. Use of Special Charts for Differing Takeoff Weights
The gradient of the takeoff flight path affects the
noise impact on the ground, and this gradient depends upon
the takeoff weights of the aircraft. The takeoff weight
depends on the amount of fuel carried, which in turn de-
pends on the stage length of the particular flight.
For detailed noise calculations, takeoffs for each class
of medium or long range aircraft should be further troken
down by stage length for that trip. The categories of
stage length depend on the actual type of aircraft and are
shown in Table 4. The data collection form should be
completed in the format as shown in Figure 15. The noise
chart should then be selected that has the same Roman
numeral in the fourth code group as the stage length
category cede.
3. Adjustment for Non-Standard Approach Glide Slope Angles
The approach noise charts for a jet aircraft given in
this handbook assumes a 3° glide slope, and although this
glide slope is found at many airports some exceptions may
occur. This sub-section provides a method for adjusting
the noise charts to predict SEL values for other glide
slopes.
Besides a change in flight geometry which results in
a change in the height of the aircraft at a given position
-59-
-------
TABLE 4
STAGE LENGTHS ASSOCIATED WITH TAKEOFF CATEGORIES
Aircraft Code
Category I
Stage Length
Category II
Category III
4-T-TFL
O-iOOG
I000-2000
> 2 COO
3-T-TFL
0
1
\J)
o
o
> 500
2-T-TFL
0-500
> 500
i—T-TrH
O-iCCO
1000-2000
> 2000
3-T-TFH
0-1CC0
1000-2000
> 2000
4-T-TP
ALL
4-T-PP
ALL
2-G-TJ
AT.-L
2-G-TFS
ALL
2-G-TP
ALL
2-G-LPF
ALL
2-G-SPP
ALL
1-C— PF
ALL
-60-
-------
AIRPORT
FLIGHT TRACK d] MAP I I OTHER
TRACK
27 6
27 B
27 B
AIRCRAFT
B-7f7
B-7^7
B-lt-7
OPERATION
T.O. jCat.I
T.O. J Cat. IE
T.O- /CatJH
nd
15
27
13
nn
2
5
3
°1
°2
CHART
4~T-TFH-T0(Z
q-T-TFH-TO(n)
*t-TTFH-TO(ai
1
SEL
K
PARTIAL Ldn
TOTAL Ldn
FIGURE 15. LnisJ DATA COLLECTION FOR DIFFERING TAKEOFF
UIN CATEGORIES
-------
under the flight path, a change in glide slope also may
involve changes in air speed and engine thrust which also
produce changes in the SEL values. The method described
provides adjustments for the geometric changes but dees not
provide adjustments for a1r speed and engine thrust changes
that may accompany the change in glide slope. For minor
changes in glide an?Le, the air speed and thrust changes
are likely to be quite small. For large angle changes,
thrust and air speed changes may affect the noise .levels
appreciably.
Given a glide slope of x° and a position along a per-
pendicular to the flight path at a distance Dn (x), the
adjustment to the noise charts consists of finding the
equivalent C(D1)P" for a 3° glide slope that has the
same height (as illustrated in Figure 16). For glide
slopes greater than 3 degrees, the equivalent distance
will be larger distance than the actual D-^ (x); for glide
slopes less than 3°, the (D-, will be less.
Figure 17 provides a simple nomograph for finding the
equivalent distance to be used ir: the noise charts for
glide slopes ranging from 2.5 to 7°. This nomograph simply
solves the following equation.
rp n _ r> tan x°
^lyE "1 tan 3° (5.1)
-62-
-------
Non-Standard Glide
Slope
Standard
Glide
Slope
Height
i
CTi
OO
I
FIGURE 16. EQUIVALENT D] FOR NON-STANDARD OPERATION
-------
D] at 3°
NOMOGRAPH FOR FINDING THE EQUIVALENT
D, (AT 3°) FOR DIFFERENT GLIDE SLOPES
-------
Example -
For a glide slope of 4° and distance of
25,000 ft., find the equivalent D, for a 3°
glide slope. In Figure 17, draw a line through
25 on the left vertical scale (D, at 0^) and
through 9^. = . This line intersects the
right vertical scale (D^ at 3°) at 33,600 ft.
C. Guidance in Determining the Number of Positions for
L Calculations
For a small parcel of land calculation of the L, at
• dn
one position is sufficient. For a larger parcel, where
there may be a significant variation within the parcel
boundaries, calculation at more than one point may be
desirable. The practical question to be answered is,
"What is a small land parcel?" This question can be an-
swered by considering the accuracy of the calculations and
the magnitude of the variations in noise levels that is
felt to be significant. In the guidelines to follow, we
shall consider a small parcel as one where the expected
variation in L, or SEL values will be of the order of 1 dB
dn
or less. For such parcels, calculation at one position
should be sufficient. A larger parcel is one where it is
anticipated that the variation in noise levels will be
larger than 1 dB. Given this definition, general guide-
lines can be developed that will apply for the cases where
the aircraft is airborne — the guidelines will not gen-
erally be accurate for positions off to the side of the
runway where the land parcel is exposed to noise from air-
craft generated as the aircraft moves along the runway prior
to taking off.
-65-
-------
Aircraft Flight Path
Landing
Threshold
/Pi
Land Parcel
Aircraft Flight Track
on Ground
FIGURE 18. DEFINITION OF DISTANCES FOR DETERMINING LAND
PARCEL "SIZE"
-66-
-------
1. Determine D^ and Dp distances. Determine D-, and 1 ,
and and Dp' as shown in F1 gure 18. Note that is the
distance along the flight track tc a perpendicular drawn
from the flight track to the edge of the parcel nearest the
runway; ' is the distance to the edge of the parcel
farthest from the runway. Similarly, Dp is the distance
from along a perpendicular drawn from the flight track to
the edge of the parcel nearest the flight track and Dp'
is the distance to the edge of the parcel farthest from
the flight track. Thus D^ will always be large than D^1
and Dp will always be larger than Dp'.
With the D^ and Dp distances determined, the formal
guidelines described in the following steps may not be
necessary in determining the need for calculating
values at more than one position. One may simply estimate
the expected variation in r.cise over the land parcel by
inspection of the appropriate SEL charts, using the D^ and
Dp values determined in this step.* Where several aircraft
are involved, select the SEL charts for the aircraft likely
to be the dominant aircraft, i.e. the aircraft likely to
have the highest partial value.
2. Determine adjusted D-j^ values. To apply the guidelines,
the measured D^ values, as obtained above, must be adjusted
to represent the actual distance along the flight track
from the point at which the aircraft left the ground.
*This approach must be used to estimate the variation in
levels for a parcel exposed only to noise from aircraft
during the takeoff roll.
-67-
-------
(a) For landings, the adjusted L\ values (D^*
and '*) are equal to the measured Dn
values plus 950 ft.
(b) For takeoffs, adjusted values are equal to
measured values minus the distance from
start of takeoff roll to the point at which
the aircraft leaves the ground (liftoff point).
The' liftoff distance which is, cf course,
always less than the runway distance may be
estimated from Figure 13-3 through B-9 given
in Appendix B. (High precision is not
needed.)
3. Apply size tests. Calculate the quantity d where:
V* _ Dl*
d = npf
If d is less than 0.12 the parcel may be considered to be
small with regard to variations in noise along the direction
of the flight track. If d is equal to 0.12 or greater,
the parcel should be considered large and calculations at
more than one position should be considered.
To estimate the variation in levels perpendicular to the
flight track, enter Figure 19, with the two quantities:
D1*
tt—, measured along the horizontal axis
2
D2' - d2
p; , measured along the vertical axis
2
-63-
-------
4.0
i
CT\
VO
I
2.0
1.0
d^-d2
'2 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
Large
*E>
ol
cpected
One
SEL
JB or
Var
Les;
at!
on
takeoff/
^PPRO>
\CH
10
*
D,
20
40 60 100
FIGURE 19. GUIDANCE CHART FOR DETERMINING LAND PARCEL "SIZE" WITH
RESPECT TO SEL OR Ldn VARIATIONS
-------
Locate the point or. the figure. If this point falls below
the appropriate curve (takeoff or approach) the parcel
should be considered as small and hence has an expected
variation of 1 dB or loss. If the point falls above the
appropriate curve, the expected variation may well be more
than 1 dB, and more than one calculation position should
be considered. If the value of D-*/Bp is less than 1 for
takeoffs, (f - D„)/D0 should be less than the 0.1 for
C- c~ <—
the parcel to be considered small. Similarly, for the
approach, when D^/D^ is less than 2.H, (Dp' - Dp)/D2
should bo less than 0.1 for a small parcel.
-70-
-------
REFERENCES
1. N. H. Reddingius, "Community Noise Exposure Resulting
from Aircraft Operations: Computer Program Operator's
Manual," AMRL TR 73-106, Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio,
July 1974.
2. C. Bartell et al, "Airport Noise Reduction Forecast,
Volume II - NEF Computer Program Description and User's
Manual", Dept. of Transportation, DOT-TST-75-4,
October 1974.
3. FAA Form 5010-1 (7-70) or replacement "FAA Airport
Master Record".
4. National Ocean Survey, Distribution Division, C44,
Riverdale, Md. 20840.
5. Jeppesen and Co., 8025 E-40th Ave., Denver, Colo, 80207.
"Utility Airports - Air Access tc National Transportation,
Appendix 3, Weather Data Source and Analysis", FAA Advisory
Circular AC 150/5300-MB, June 1975.
-------
APPENDIX A
3EL CHARTS
-73-
-------
AFI'LlKDXX A
This appendix contains the sound exposure level (SEL)
charts needed for calculation of day-night levels )
for civil aircraft operations. The selection of the ap-
propriate noise chart is determined by:
Aircraft type
Xode of operation (takeoff or landing)
Distance
Aircraft types for which SEL information is provided
are identified in Table A-l of this appendix. The types
are listed in order of approximate noisiness. Table A-2
provides an index to the individual noise charts.
Each noise chart covers a range of the distance D, ,
J.J
and several charts may be needed lo cover the entire range
of values for each aircraft and mode of operation.
Noise charts are identified according to the code
listed below. This shows an example of the ceding used by
the charts for the basin J, calculation:
4 - T - TFL(Q) - TC(I) - N - 1
(1) (2) (3) (M (5) (6)
(1) The first number identifier; the number of engines 1r
the aircraft.
*Distanaec Dj and Dg are defined in the text (See Figures Z
and 4).
-75-
-------
(2) This letter signifies either transport aircraft (T)
or general aviation aircraft (G).
(3) The next group of letters identifies the type of engine,
as follows:
TJ - Turbojet
TFL - Low bypass ratio turbofan
TFH - High bypass ratio turbcfan
TP - Turboprop
PP - Propeller driven by reciprocating
engine
LPP - Propeller.driven by reciprocating
engine (large)
SPP - Propeller driven by reciprocating
engine (small)
TF5 - Turbofan (small)
The appendix (Q) signifies a quiet nacelle
engine
(4) The mode of operation is identified with a TO for
takeoff and L for landing. (I), (II) or (III) refers
to the takeoff profiles associated with different
flight stage lengths when a detailed noise analysis
is being performed (see Section V-A) . If the' stage
length is not known, use profile (II).
(5) This group of letters refers to the special procedure
that may be used. The interpretation of the coding
is as follows:
S_ - Standard takeoff
N - Northwest Orient Airlines noise
abatement takeoff
-76-
-------
F - FAR Part. 36 takeoff
T - Two-segment approach
(6) The last number of the code identifies the number in
the set. The graphs within a set encompass different
ranges of the distance D-^. For the turbojet and
turbofan aircraft there are usually three graphs in
a takeoff set and two graphs in a landing set. For
the turbojet and turbofan aircraft there are usually
three graphs in a takeoff set and tvro graphs in a
landing set. For the propeller aircraft there are
two graphs in a takeoff set and one graph in a
landing set.
-77-
-------
tab:.:- A-l
NH„ I'Y. . ::¦. .' A AT .7 A . ; v. . - ¦.'.'
' i •• 7 v_r¦
s ' : r--F R
-J - r-: ?.[" " • ;rl r--.r-
' ':i. 1 . i v- ''
! -i-."..-- : It- ' ir.:
¦- •¦'n.T i nv j: c '.fir.
r.
'•-t-'-fj L'l'-' t ¦ > i';;:.
(• : u i v i n-i'.. ¦- I i )
A I ; r 3 f'
' !•'•!
'•-T-7r:,
_,_T_TF-
--T-T f'-Li e:
T-7K H {t,;)
.--Ennino 'Tr.ri' " ".onr- "at
( * ur:) >.: C' )
r.o Aiil'A t
2-Encine lAiPn ;rt'-.jfir.
?-T-TPL(C
¦ ! ¦¦
T'-'. i-: t¦'!"
LA, ('< .
-.-r
rn . ¦
•ir-.'v::
•i:\a.a r,-<6,
:' a r n
" iv' ,
i n >•. ¦¦
i : . 'V
1 ry I'r? ' \.rr:" fan
'i-Fnt*.tiv:- paa;
!;_T7njr i v. 4 i; V'-ir pr" A
! n - ".A.' t.urhoprc
•¦i-r-TKii
<--T- =-F
'l-T-TF
2-'!-TF
I'l; .
.^-Fngine H.A.1 prAp"l"or (larpc-; .7-
'-Er.plr.e H. A. ' rrr:p«IiC" ?-
2-LngIr.e (J. A. 3 iur'boi'a:. 2-
]-KnsMr:e i'J. A . 3 pro:-"' !'"r
-nrr
¦ X H
r 1 •-
Twin A'ter,
K*n,- sfr,
Turb-: ¦' ¦iT.rvv.'v^r
vitat1'
w- h
"<,
1 ATA (i\'.r 7r;ir.:?pcr" Assoc 1 -V :yr\) l-ueoff : rr.?ejurf' ha c'i:.-!pr. ry
'3° approach
'General av!.at i or.
-78-
-------
TABLE A-2
Index of Noise Charts
Aircraft Types
Aircraft
Pages
Code
Takeoff
Approach
^-Engine LBPR turbofan
^-Engine LBPR turbofan
(quiet nacelle)
4-T-TFL
ij-T-TFL(Q)
80-106
111-137
107-:10
130-141
3-Engine LBPR turbofan
3-T-TFL
1*12-159
"160-163
3-Engine LBPR turbofan
(quiet nacelle)
3-T-TFL(Q)
16'1-lSl
182-185
2-Engine LBPR turbofan
2-T-TFL
186-203
204-207
2-Engine LBPR turbofan
(quiet nacelle)
2-T-?FL(Q)
208-225
226-226
4-Engine IIBPR turbofan
a-T-TFH
229-255
256-259
4-Engine HBPR turbofan
(quiet nacelle)
--T-TI'H(Q)
260-286
287-290
3-Engine HBPR turbofan
3-T-TFH
29l-3?7
318-321
^-Engine turboprop
4-T-TP
322-324
325-326
^-Engine propeller
4-T-PP
327-329
330-331
2-Fngine GA turbojet
2-G-TJ
332-334
335-336
2-Engine GA turbofan
t -J """ -L x O
337-338
339
2-Er.gine GA turboprop
2-G-TP
340-341
3*12
2-Engine GA propeller(large)
2-G-LFP
3243-324!;
345
2-Engine GA propeller(smal1)
2-G-SP?
346-347
3 48
1-Engine GA propeller
1-G-P?
3h9_350
351
-------
4—T—TF L—TO (I)—S—1
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Rnnge -
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
c 100
2000
a.
TH
500
20,000
0
1000
2000
5000
10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-SO-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —T F L—T O (I) —S —2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range -
6,000 - 16,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
tooo:
(7030
8000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-81-
-------
4—T-TFL—TO (I)—S—3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
16,000 - 110,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
*6,000
'T'"rs;T)oo
20.000
25r000
30,000
1^34^00.-,
~^o;ooo
5tr;poo
55,00a
rsofoqo
-75.0oo--
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-82-
-------
4-T-TFL-T0(M)-5-1
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBCFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6r000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
105
4000
C 100
1/1
6000
i/i
0
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TF L—T 0(11)—S—2
'BOpO f
¦ -W,TJOO f'
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 18,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
~17,0P0~
147000
67 DUO
I flOOO
1 fl flfU)
rv.wv
I '
j-~-—\2y00Q
14,000-
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-84-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF L-TO (I l)-S-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
18,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
UL9QO.
\ 35,000
sot we
Aorn :tU
QyuQQO
18.000
20,000
10.000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-85-
-------
4-T-T F L-TO (111) -S -1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight- Track Distance Range
0 - 8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-86-
-------
4-T-TFL-TO(l II)—S—2
I
r
JOrQoq
tMk** 9*r* e*Winw.-*^iS£^i#s«r- jSjv# j*«.
^2,000.- __h ^
^ wTprar ;—
v sTTsrooci —'
4_
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000 - 24,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
yjt 'Wd
IMK9
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
*-37-
-------
4—T—TFL—TO (111)—S—3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
24,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-88-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO(l)-N-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Ra
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
' 1 i i
200CF
—1mim-
'000
-i—<-—J~
f
¦..A., j.
1 h: i
+tt
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-89-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFl-TO(i)-N-2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 40,000 from start of Takeoff Roll
mi
£000
m
•+
i
i
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000 20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-90-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO())-N-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 80,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
140,00O
^0,-900
tz.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-91-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO(ll)-N-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
V
4000
V-
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-92-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO(II)-N-2
.... 4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
. (707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
- Powar Cutback at 14,000 ft.
— Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
-10,000
r^txro
30i00<
wf?m
>0,300
£
H
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-93-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T—T FL—T 0(11)—N—3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 90,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
100,000 no^ooo
40,000
V,
x
•~i -Rjv
—f
$0,000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-ql-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO(lll)-N-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol
-B000
4000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-55-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TFL—TO (111) — N—2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
10,000
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at- 18,000 ft.
12.000
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000 - 70,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
T<5,000
18,0|00
8000
T •
40,000
12,000
70,000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-96-
-------
115
110
105
4-T-TFL-TO(lll)-N-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 120,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
70,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
¦ 4 .. f
I
:n
CO
-o
100
~ 20,000
laa.ooa
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-97-
-------
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR-36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
' v'k'v'iiMRVw!;
.^600CL 1
+-+
2000
C 100
0
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-96-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T—TFL—TO (I)—F—2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 10,000 ft.
6000
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
eooo
25,000
6000
.35,000
8Q00
40,000
s V
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-99-
-------
4—T—TF L—TO (I)—F—3
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
15
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
45,000
95
90
10,000
\r --v
90,000
85
80
'120,000
130,000
75
\ v
70
0
500
1000
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
20,000
-100-
-------
4-T-TFL-TO(ll)-F-1
4-ENGINE L3PR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
105
Si
CO
100
'4000
V
l/l
Cl
l/l
1000
2000
0
500
10,000
5000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft- Flight Track Centerline in feet
-101-
-------
120
115
110
105
4—T —T FL—TO(II)—F -2
-
I0OOO
- 4-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
! - (707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
-W,&)0
i
\ A. v ¦ 4-, n
>
... . ..
TAKEOFF - FAR-36 PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
42,000-
.-/--r 14.
oo 95
u
t
—^—
j_.,
: t
¦i~~h-
-4-
,-4.- —
-4- 4
- i —
V*
4.:
, ' !
nirtopa
.. .. ...{ 1
-i -B-- !--
- j U 4-
;_j J.
i_8j)oa
00,
40,000
+
—
I
o
a.
x
"O
c
D
o
1/1
90
85
25*000 ,
_ .30,009
.35^000
. .40,000.
50.
*v:,r<»v-m . v-.-wiH-aiWKBWwJIMl#
iwwinMi*
V -f-
:nx
•f-
« — H.
I
-J.
80
75
V « V ¦MTV' - • \\*& ¦ '• -¦% V,
1*,000
. "l 4,000-
• 16,000
'~_.J8~"00Q:
70,000 ^
>,.QQ0 ....
30,000
35-QOQ
r~:
iv
-4OT000
1
.50,000
70
kLLL
j
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-102-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO(IQ-F-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPCRT
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
flight Track Distance Range
50,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
30,000
60,000
70,000
,20'.000 140,000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-lv«-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —T F L—TO (111) - F—1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
r-f
4000
500
1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-104-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —TF L—TO (111)—F—2
¦1
iSOOO"
\w-VO,OQO
s.
ixum 5
!
•?*«av
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000 - 50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
"1C 000
TBItXJO
'f
•Vl^'%
20,00$
-125,000',
" Mm..,
j—
-35| 000
4 mmi
CA A VV
D\Jpj 7TT
-i - ¦ -*
j»rvrV«r«B»
2^5
—I—
+6y9$9-
7
4
<&;
35.000-
- ——4 »
4^)00&g
"Wir
"T"
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-105-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-TO(!ll)-F-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol
000
70,000
80,000
-V.
V
'-V
140,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-106-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-l(l)-S-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8)
APPROACH - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
3000
10r000
—^T3,ooa
20r000
25,000
30,000
35.000
" V""~J "
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-107-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL-L(l)-S-2
4-ENGINE lbpr turbofan transport
(707/DC8)
APPROACH - 3U GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range -
35,000 - 130,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
—fOrQQP- 400,000 —-HO,-000 - /
x
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-108-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—T F L—L(l I)—T—1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
W.000
15,000-
A..- -J '
20,000 1 '
25,OOu i
30,000
~ 35,
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-109-
-------
120
115
.110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—T FL—L( I [) -T — 1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(707/DC8)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-70,000 ft. From Runway Landing
Threshold
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Cenferline in feet
110-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
BO
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(i)-S-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
i—r
4000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-111-
-------
120
4-T-T F L (Q) -TO (!) -S-2
115
110
105
CQ
TJ
100
>
id
C
Z>
o
in
95
90
85
80
75
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 16,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
-f -
-4--
i
-r—r
4—».
A
V- .
i—jrrm
j .i
^4- 1
6000 ¦
-¦r~T
I
BQQQ
\
H>,-000^
•4—H-
I '- 4 • V-*- «
,J.
is
70
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
X
J
20,000
-112-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-S-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
16,000 - 110,000 ft. from start' of Takeoff Roll
16,000
18,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
... r_.
i
t
. T-
!
"T"
40,000
45,000
v
50,000 -
55,000 -
6€h,flM
—-j
t
|
J
Z
T
,.?q~qoo
ioe,ooo 120,000
SCt^yQu
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-113-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TQ(||)-S-1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
£000
2000
4000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-114-
-------
120
115
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(li)-S-2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
6000
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
0000
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 18,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
12,000
-14,000
6000-'
8000"'
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Cenferline in feet
-115-
-------
120
115
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-S-3
4-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
18,1300 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol I
18,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
/ 50,000
60,000
Vs\X 70,000
/
80,QQQ
-r ^
~T- '— —¦—^
—¦/"-T-—1 .iv- ~
i
—f--—-i——
7—-f—-h-l—
90,000 700 / i J
120,000 ;i.
_ i —
-4-
¦! *T* . -
•i
—#
-?
j
-1
tb, oor-
-20r000.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-116-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-T0(lll)-S-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
w—k—
!
105
CO
c 100
4000,
2000
6000
-a
2000
20,000
500
1000
5000
10,000
0
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-117-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
SO
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l|[)-S-2
, 3000
10,000
12,000
V>\ ¦ ]4,000 >
16,000
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000 - 24,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
-i-
'."18,000
20x000
l±1:
-»,ooo
24,000
I I
*i 1-
- \\
9000
10,000'
12,000-
14,000
16,000-
18,600''
» - .. *
20#00Q„
.. ; 4- :-
.1
£T
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-113-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
BO
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(lll)-5-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
24,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
60,000
60,000
"16,000-'
500
1000
2000
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-119-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-N-l
4-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 - 1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
4000
2000
T"
4000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-120-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-N-2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
6000
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 40,000 from start of Takaoff Roll
8000
6000
12,000
T 4,000
t—
6,000
..u.
20,000
25,000
kv
25,000
1000
500
2000
10,000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Cenferline in feet
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-N-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 80,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000 - 140,000 ft. From start of Takeoff Rol
70/000
^'00° : 0/m
1000
2000
5000
10,000
500
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-122-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-N-l
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
105
CO
JE 100
4000
CO
a)
>
to
to
L.
UJ
1000
0
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-123-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
6000
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
8000
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
800!
!0f00Q
—"
^ jf.
¦ Htr.-
1000
2000
10,000
500
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Center!ine in feet
-124-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-N-3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 90,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000 - 140,(XX) ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
90,000
100.000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-125-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TFL(Q)—TO (II I)-N—1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
4000
V
2000
6000
-1
1000
2000
10,000
500
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(lll)-N-2
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft.
. . 8QQQ
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000 - 80,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
c 100
3000
to
30,000
000
10,000
60,000
80.000
y v
0
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
_ "I 07
i r. i —
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —T F L (Q) —T O (111)—N—3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 120,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
80,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
130,000
140,000
100,000
1000
2000
10,000
5000
500
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-128-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-F-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 -1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft.from start of Takeoff Roll
105
2000
4000
73
'"'H
70
500 1000
2000
0
10,000
20,000
5000
Distance from Aircraft Flicjht Track Centerline in feet
-129-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T—TFL(Q)—TO (I)—F—2
6000
8000
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 - 1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 10,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
E ^
r
10,000
15,000
- n»'.
:-j -4
30,000
35.000
40,000
Si
V . .f
\ 8000
\ :
.1-.;.—
-I-
r>~- - -¦*.
a:;
10,000-
15,000^
25,000-
30,000;
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-130-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-F-3
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIFT NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 0 - 1,000 N. MILES
15
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
CO
-a
C 100
LL1
t/)
95
60,000
70,000
Q.
IU 90
80,000
IS)
85
100,000 ' ^ /, '
l20'00(> 140 000
80
•75
70
0
500
000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
2000
10,000
5000
20,000
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-F-l
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
.60PO
105
2000
100
4QQ0
'1—1
"D
CO
1000
0
2000
500
5000
70,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-132-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(II)-F-2
-• ^OQQ-
4~
1 ,80QQ_j—
HM)QO
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR-36 PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,(XX) ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000 - 50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
^2,-000
^,K0QQ
16.-000
2*,000 £
5Q.QQQ
—ri2,000
16,000
iMoo
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-133-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-F-3
120
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE 1,000 - 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
efi
1 ioo
LO
,50.000
Q_
LU
100,000
"O
110,000
LO
>%¦
,000.
1000
2000
10,000
20,000
0
500
5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-rj'i-
-------
4-T-TFL(Q)-T0(lll)-F
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
105
400i
c 100
6001
-o
0
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-135-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TFL 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000 - 50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8,000
10,000
14,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-136-
-------
4—T—TFL(Q)—TC (II I)—F—3
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8) RANGE > 2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR - 36 PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000 - 140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
-ISO, 000 •
110,000
lCoaC
7 j.
1
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-137-
-------
4-T—TFL(Q)—L(l) ~S—1
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8)
APPROACH -3
GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
v. J5QQQ
V ~
\vr to,ooo
15,000
20,300
fKf>
art tw\
l/v » Iflfll
10.UUU
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-138-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFL(Q)-L(l)-S-2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8)
APPROACH - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000 - 90,000 ft . from Runway Landing
Threshold
«P.„., —j
i
35,000
40,000
.—I"
45,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-139-
-------
4-T-TFL(QR(ll)-T-l
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8)
LANDING - 3 /6 TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 35,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
5000
\ *0,000
% 15,000.: ~
20.000
5,000/
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-TAG-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
¦4-T—TFL(Q)—L(l I)—T—2
4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(707/DC8)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000 - 50,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
W
500
1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-1 ill-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-T F L-TO (1) -S -1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
vv ^
6000
2000
8000
4000
500 1000 2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
20,
-------
120
115
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-TO(l)-S
8000
10,000
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-20,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
12,000
! I
14*000
m. 1 mm ¦ viiKnt.- -4
16,000
18,000
20,000
10,000
^.16,000
12,000
;t
u,oao
18,000
. - 20,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20.
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-143-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-T/0(l)-S-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
20,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
** >
90,000 100,000 n0f0CX)'
25,000
120,000
140,000
20,000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-T F L—TO (11)—S-
1
8000
\\
V
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
N\
\\
2000
4000
600C
8000
A.
) 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-145-
20,
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T —TFL—T O (I I)—S—2
10,000
N 1 - 12,000
14,000
16,000
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 22,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-24,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
TO,000
12,000
T"4,t)00
16,000
20,000
22,000
T0,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
24,000
20,000
—146—v
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T —TFL—T 0{tl)-S-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
24,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
28,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
— • >
45,000 - -
l 50,000
/ 55,000
60,000
f 70,000
f B0,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000 20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
—1JI7—
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T —T F L—T O (I)—N—1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
4000
6000
8000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-148-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-TO(l)-N-:
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGF. 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
14,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
50,000
48,000-
20,000
14,000
16,000
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline In feet
-149-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-TO(l)-N-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
70,000
10,000
2000
5000
1000
500
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-150-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-TO(ll)-N-1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
8000
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
0,000
6000
8000
4000
500
1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-151-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TDL-TO (1 f)-N-2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
12,000
14,000
25,000 ' /
30,000' i
40,000
50,000
10,000
20,
1000
2000
5000
500
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-1^2-
-------
3—T —TF L—T 0(11)—N—3
120
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 90,000 ft.
15
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
ca
T)
c 100
95
90,000
100,000
110.000
120,000
CO
85
80
75
70
10,000
1000
2000
5000
20,00C
0
500
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-153-
-------
3—T—T FL—T O (I)—F-1
120
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
000
105
CO
C 100
6000
LL1
m
2,000
CL
8000
V-
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-------
3-T —T F L—T 0(1)—F—2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 14.000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8.000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
j-
W,000
16,000
-19,000-
^ / 20,000
% —'
~S55
N;
757000
30,600
35,000
10,000
]4,000
16,000 T~
18.000 ' |
4
eaoo-
i.2^.0QO
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-155-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T —TFL—TO (I)—F—3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
35/000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
i4QyQQ
50:1500
70;U0(r
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-156-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T—TFL—TO(l!)—F—1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
v;
v
•V~
4000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-157-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T -T F L-TO (II) -F -2
10,000
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
14,000 n,:
16,000'
18,000
i :
C ¦ *1'
1 I
-- - +
. 12,000
J....
--J--.-
i
-Ufpoa-
"30,000
35,000
40,000
t_-4
v:
•M/OGO-
\v
, y
\
\; -000
'TO, 00(3"
20,000
25,000
" '30,060"
35,000
\ \ I
\~r-j
J
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-158-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T —TFL—TO(l I)—F—3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
40.000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
wtQ)0~
5Q,000_
,000 ~
ltQ,ML,
^100'000 1 T
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-159-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-L(l)-S-l
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0 - 35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
25,000
'30,000 I
35,000
"5000'
J*, * V" W* "
10,000
s\ J 5.000
AV
W
_L
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-160-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T—TF L—L( I)—S—2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-110,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
40,000—
1 70,000
1000
2000
10,000
500
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
—161 —
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TFL—L(l F)—T—1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
70,000
15,000
"i r
f I
- }-
II
; i
IE
i
* t
~20
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TFL-L(I I)—T—2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Trock Distance Range
35,000-50,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
35;000
40,000
45,000
50,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-163-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l) -5-1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
4000
-4-4-
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-164-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-S-2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft
8000
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-20,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
wb soa i
—44,000
¦ • T*— v
y 720,000 r
+07000
jooa:
+2/0(#
—:~t4,OOQ
_j—j2Q*Q0p
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-165-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-S-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
20,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
,—|..
20,000
25,000
.30,000
35,000
40,000
50,000
/ 60,000
< / 7Q, QQQ~ .
oC / 80,000
...J.00'000 110,000
140,000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-166-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TFL(Q)—TO(l l)-S—
8000
L .
¦ vi*. >
r
.. 4
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight- Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
l\ XN
totooo ] -
'
—t "
N iVV
Vv\r
6000
8000'
\\
Nv
x:
¦V-
¦4~
- *---!•
-• !-
*-*—~
— —4--
i i
-i—
a-
t
t I
•+ -
£4.:
1=
2OCT0 —f-
- r ^H-r*
~ "1 i""T"
-T"-+-t—I—
-MOOft
mm***
* v •
+¦¦
4 u
"1"
~f~* -
1"
4-
X
_L
"I—
! I
-4—
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-167-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-S-2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 22,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-24,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
12,000 '
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
42,000-
TsrofflT"
10,000
W,000
20,000
\ 24,~000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-168-
-------
120
3-T-T F L(Q)-T(11)—S -3
115
110
105
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N, MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
24,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
.24,000
.4.
I , '
CO
"D
100
-26,000
28^000
,4-.-..-
' % ^
on
>
-------
3-T -T FL(Q )-TO(l)-N-l
120
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
105
CD
1 100
•V
4000
LU
t/1
6000
2000
8000
-------
120
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-N-2
115
110
105
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF- NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-50,000 ft1, from start of Takeoff Roll
4—i-
CO
"O
100
o
> 95
a 7J
8.
-o
c
3
O
CO
90
85
80
75
70
10,000 "
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20.000
-171-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-N-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 80,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50, OCX)-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
80,000,
100,000
110,000
70,000
1000
500
2000
10,000
5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-172-
-------
120
3—T—TF L(Q)—TO (I I)—N—1
3-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
r\ + i
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-173-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-N-2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft, from start of Takeoff Roll
n ^ 10,000
\" '
12.000
14,000
20,000
30.000
40,000
50,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centeriine in feet
-174-
-------
120
115
¦ r • -
L
!
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-N-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 90,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
- - * - J -i
105
-J- U
,...x
CO
-a
-r-
100
i •
OO
9)
> 95
a T->
3
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T-TFL(Q)-TO (!)—F—1
3-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
4000
6000
8000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-176-
-------
3—T—TFL(Q)—T O (I)—F-3
120
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
8000
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
,V:
105
100
TO, 000
14,0QQ
18,000
25,000
3Q,00Q
1000
2000
5000
10,000
0
500
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-177-
-------
3—T—TFL(Q)—TO (I)—F-3
120
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
15
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
CO
"O
C 100
95
90
50,000
—t
¦a
85
80
75
70
1000
10,000
0
500
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-173-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-F-l
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
8000
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 Ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
8000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-179-
-------
120
115
10
105
3-T—TFL(Q)—TO(I I)—F—2
10,000
12,000
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
16,000
r
—i—.j_
+"
—i*
CO
~o
c 100
, 18,000
J
LJ..1 f_
•—' ¦ j — —j—
-4
0)
i 95
s
4 -----
.... .j- .
o
a.
x
~o
c
z>
o
IS)
20,000
j::
90
85
80
75
25,000
'1 3O;0QQ.
."S
\
-40,000
. j (WI 'ti
..-14,000 - -i
J _
i.^
V
70
10,000
- IS,000
" 30/D00__,
irio^oo"
... i.
¦ i i
-t
H-*
ItKZ
0 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-180-
-------
c£
"O
115
110
105
100
3-T-TFL(Q)-TO(I!)-F-3
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLE5
(727) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
I !
.
t
t"
0)
I 95
LU 90
000
60,000"
i
* ¦*
70,000
80-000
r
100,000--
"120,000-
—
140.000
80
75
f' *K>(* <
T
J-
! I
T
70
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-181-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL(Q)-L(l)-S -1
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
5000
^,"000
W
,000 .
20,000
25,000
35,000
30.000
10,000 -
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-182-
-------
120
115
110
3-T—TFL(Q)—L( I)—S—2
_v-.
,.L.
L.
T"~
t_.
"ovt *•»«*.»
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(727)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-90,000 ft. From Runway Landing
Threshold
] -
105
CO
-a
100
a>
>
o
95
90
85
80
75
! j
M--;
.<*. —«-
! j
~T
70
35,0pa
4?, TOO
50,000—~r ¦ - ,
'-35,300
44rxml~-4—4—|
f » I if
'^jOOir;
90rqoo
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-133-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFL-L(II)-T-l
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
5000
10,000
20,000
25,000
10,000
35,000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-18'*-
-------
3-T -TFL-L( 11) -T-2
3-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(727)
LANDING - 3 /6 TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-45,000 ft. from Runway Landing
, Threshold j
33,000
2000
500 1000
5000
10,000
0
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-185-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T —TFL-TO(l)-S-
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6r000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
$000" \
-i-
6QQQ.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-186-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T —TFL—T O (I)—S—!
6000
8000
10,000
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-25,000 Ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
. T7-/000
j, 14,000
16,000
"718,000
H—
\
-T-
_..r_
-T"
X"
20,000
25,-000
vs^
6000
X.°Q9
10^000
12,000
- >4,000
\
v\ -
i 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerlfne in feet
20,
-187-
-------
120
2—T—TFL—TO (I)—S-3
115
110
... 2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
- (DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
I TAKEOFF-ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
|—J—|—
- -4— - - - ; -4 ~j-~-
- ¦* — • -- -¦ —7 rm, ~ • ~ 1
25^000
I ... 30rQDQ
40,000 '
50r000
-'-50;000
7Qr0QQ f
1 ~'
^Q.QOQ —H
—rcRj^uocrt-
i2i^m—T40-00
no,ooo
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-188-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2 —T—T F L—TO (11) —S—1
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 Ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
i~
-
f
- v- ¦
A +-
tboo
... ...... ~»-
.. ...
7—t-'
.1.. -4000.
¦ -i. .
6000
- - -f H
i
— ;~r
. rj .
i. . ..—i—f.
V I
:T
—r
V
"8000"
-T--•
i
"T"
i'wvs
I
¦»j ~ vwr.»
" r ~ i""i H
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-189-
-------
2—T—TFL—TO (I!)—S —2
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol
8000
10,000
12,000
14,000
105
CO
h 100
00
_ \\
-o
l/>
8000
1000
2000
10,000
0
5000
500
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-190-
-------
120
2-T-TFL-TO(ll)-S-3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-191-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T—TFL—TO (I)—N—1
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
2000
4000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-192-
-------
2-T-TFL-TO(l)-N-2
120
2-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-30,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
105
8000
10,000
100
l/l
0)
>
a)
12,000
14,000
a)
18,000
LD
"O
c
D
o
t/i
000
30,000
6000
1000
500
0
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-193-
-------
ZTT
en
"D
15
110
105
100
r~
. 5 -v-r ~- i
2-T-TFL-TO(l)-N-3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 60,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
30,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rolf
-
•• • A- . -
i
... j-- -
4-
1—
j i
- • ;—|—t—i—
1--LJ—
.... *—i--i -—-H
on
>
0>
o
a.
x
-o
c
r>
c
on
i I
~b-T
95
90
. .y^-* ..t+w.v *
-------
2-T-TFL-TO(ll)-N-l
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
-!—-i—( -)-•
¦i *> a
105
v
c 100
2000.
i/i
4000
woo
6000
500 1000
2000
0
10,000
5000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-195-
-------
2-T-TFL-TO(!l)-N-2
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback
Distance
Takeoff Roll
105
CO
c 100
,T 2,000
U,000
16,000
'20,000
25,000
30,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
,T 2,000
N
U,000
,16,000
,18,000
4- - -'
•(TltitlMO
"20,000
v:
25,000
30,000
V.,
V"
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-196-
-------
120
2-T -TFL—TO (I I)—N—3
... i
.... j...-
T— i
15
110
105
t—
i ,
¦>
¦ V
I
.L.
¦—t- - -
"i
..... r-.
f- •
- -t
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 60,000 ft1.
Flight Track Distance Range
30,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
—4 -
1,
4-
.... ,u_i.
f
¦ :*wr«i !vn.
-
CO
T3
100
IA
a>
>
o
Cl
X
"D
C
3
0
LO
95
90
85
80
75
^^30,000,,.. — -35^-^0^ ' -. „
70
40.000 . u
fo,oo<*
r 6Q.QQfl.-J
-1eo|oDQ —
7g;ooo"
t ro,-ooo
i4a/t)oo"'
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-197-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T -TFL-TO (l)-F-1
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
2000
4000
6000
500
1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-198-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T —TFL-TO(l)-F-2
6000
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
T"
8000
! ...
40,000
12,000
14,000
1 T
£t
f
~±
:Et"
16,000
20,000
18.0Q0
'•O
--t"
25,000
'
.. N> .
i -800Q j
--To, 000
« r»i
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-199-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T-TFL—TO (l)-F-
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25,000
35,000
50,000
120,000 - j 4^"qoo
TOO,000
500
1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-200-
-------
2-T—TFL-T 0(1 l)-F-l
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance
0-8,000 ft. from start
Range
of Takeoff Roll
-1- r
105
80 OQ
CO
C 100
2QO0
LLl
l/l
4000
6000
to
B0Q0
2000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
500
1000
5000
10,000
20,000
-201-
-------
2—T-TF L-TO(l l)-F-2
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
10,000
105
T2,000
C 100
,16,000
20,000
25,000
a.
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-202-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T-TFL—TO(l |)-F—3
2-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
50,000
80,000
HX>,000 120,000
140,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-203-
-------
2-T—TF L—L(l)—S -1
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
105
CD
100
5,000
10,000
~o
20,000
25,000
30,000 y
35,000
5000
TO,000
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-204-
-------
2 -T —T FL-L(I)-S—2
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-90,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
15
10
105
CO
1 100
1/1
95
90
to
85
40,000
45,000
80
50,000
55,000
60,000
s/ 70,000
75
80,000
90,000
70
1000
0
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-205-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL-L(ll)-T-l
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
5000
TO, 000
15,000
20,000
30,000 35,000
10,000
5000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-206-
-------
2-T-TFL-L(ll)-T-2
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-45,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
105
m
c 100
90
¦f
80
40,000
45/Op0
70
500 1000
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
20,000
-207-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(I)-S-l
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol
6,000
2000'
4000
6000
A "
1000
2000
5000
10,000
500
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerlirie in feet
-208-
-------
120
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-S-2
115
110
105
CO
"D
100
85
80
75
70
5000
WOO
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
12,000
/ 14,000
16,000
18,000
70,000
25,000
\
,10,000
6000
12,400*
14,000
16/000
18,000
0 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-209-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T —TFL(Q)—TO(I) —S—3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25/000
' \
30,000
40,000
50,000
40,
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TF L(Q )-TO (I l)-S-1
y
6000
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
4000
6000
(
—f"
"T
8000
— T.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-211-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-S-2
"
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 16/000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
10,000
w
-
12,000
14,000
L
16,000
18,000
10,000
20,000 " 7'
25,000—
-44,000
8000-
'V
£
T6,000'
J 8,000 -
- 20,000-
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-212-
-------
2-T-T F L(Q) -TO (11) -S -3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
. 4~,
(
»»-&>¦> •'
V
"T*
. -
25,000
3a, 000
35,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000 ;;
90,000
100/000
110.000
]20/000
140/000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-213-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-S-l
2-ENGINE lbpr turbofan transport
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Ro
6000
2000
4000
6000
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-214-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-S-2
.6000
2-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
10,000
6000
12,000
14,000
T6.000
18,000
,£QQ
. 25,000
30,000
'-4 -
M
~ f
• — ,
—4—
! - r~\~ -
err:
I mm
—(-'-t—
"f—
it«. Hi i^WH ¦
-¦eeea
-Tt),ooa—j-
t
» >«<-«
:±z
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-21?-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-5-3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
30,000
. ^ _ __ _ _ * ^ mJ 1
H
-4
7""
l;0'0CC i/o,ooo
MO, 000
Vv
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-216-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-N-1
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
1 — - • -
•
—t "
¦w
2000
1-
4000
6000-
8000
}
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20/
-217-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(ll)-N-2
2-ENG1NE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-30,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
25,000
30,00a
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-218-
-------
120
115
110
105
2—T —T F L (Q) —T O (11)—N -3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 60,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
30,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
CO
-o
100
*-V," .*»» ¦ ¦ f-4
J.-*.
U">
a>
>
u
3
8.
X
¦a
c
3
o
U1
95
90
85
80
75
- ¦* "~-'T !~
rwMmw -v
- - 1- --
• ..J
....
I
I
'—
L-i 95,000-'
|^dvOOO-f"*Tg«p fijirr ... „ *».
"—"70,000- -
.80,000 ...J
lOO^QOD ~T.ZL_L.JT
70
HO, 000
^140.000
L
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-219-
-------
2-T —T F L(Q) —T O (I)—F -1
120
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
v \
105
e 100
LO
V
1000
2000
10,000
5000
20,000
500
0
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-220-
-------
115
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-F-2
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
. aooo
105
to,two-
CO
"O
100
12,000 ,
/ . 14,000
-4 / .J6r000
--4 ¦
ia,00Q
20,000
25,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
J 16.000
]8,000
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-221-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T-TFL(Q)-TO(l)-F-3
2-ENGiNE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE 0-500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25,000
2Q,OOQ
• in'iri' j.-*. r . 9 .!» i
35,000
f ff
40 r 000
50,000
8(7,000 "
70r000
80,000"
90,000
I00r000
120,D0Q
14CT00Q
i 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-222-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T —TF L(Q)—TO (11) —F— 1
¦8000
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
.. ?00Q
V
6000
4000
4-.
I
¦ -T"
1.
at•*> .T**--*1*1.wyv«
i
BOOO-
I
r~"
0**
1—
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-223-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T -TFL(Q)—TO(I I)—F—2
8000
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
\ A. 10,000
s. v '
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
/
25,000
..
. % ...
B000-
12,000.
i4,ooo;
Ur0QC
18,tWO '
' 20,000
J\
\
"~v ¦
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft- Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-22K-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-T—T FL(Q)—TO( II) —F—3
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737) RANGE >500 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft, from start of Takeoff Roll
i
I
- 1—
25,000
30,000
... 05,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000 1*.
100,000 _
120,000
140,000
<41
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—T-TFL(Q)—L(l) -S—1
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft-, from Runway Landing Threshold
10.000
15,000
20,000
25.0Q0
0,000
35,000
5,000
10,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-226-
-------
2—T-TFL(Q)—L( I)—S—2
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35/000-70/000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
•(
...J-.-Uf
)
i
' • t
4-
j
1
t
i
-1-
% t
I : . I
J
¦~r' '
. .j .
•"T'
.35,0QQ
40.000
-45,000
53,000
35,000
7Qjm
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-221-
-------
120
115
110
105
-o
c 100
t < <*>¦
2-T-TFL(Q)-L(l)~T-1
2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(DC-9/737)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-40,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
-
-* t* vjmw *"
10,000
15,000
20,00fr
25,000
; "30,006 '
35,000
40,-000
T
rr">. ,
10,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-228-
-------
4-T-TFH-TO(l)-S-l
120
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRAN5PORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. From start of Takeoff Roll
mo
105
2O0O
.4—.
CD
c 100
6000.
"O
1/1
5000
80
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-229-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —T F H—T 0(1) —S—2
8000
10,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
¦Ox 12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
25,000
8000-
10,000-
12,000
\
14,000
16,000
18,000
V
20,000-
T\n \
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Cenferline in feet
20,
-230-
-------
120
115
110
105
CO
c 100
©
> 95
0)
o
Q.
IU 90
"D
C
D
O
cn
4-T-TFH-TO(l)-S-3
r ::::t:zt:
i I
I.
I
f •
¦ ¦ 4 - - —+¦ - -
... . +
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
< .**,*• v.w* -r-. .*¦ ¦ ¦
• Jv. unr.-- «<
~j— 1—.
— — f- ~ f-f- j t~
t—r-
..I - ,
X.
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25r0OO
30,000
..^.40,QQa.
—I—
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J :
. .j '~
. > L -4— '.
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.U ..L.4---
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IZzQ^QGq.
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moor -i r •—r j
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*0,000 ;
-i-
... ¦. ... l..
rr
T00,0Q0 H---
.. r..-:. -1—j-._j
85
80
75
70
-+K>,-QO0-
120,000-
3
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-231-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(ll)-S-l
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol
8000
2000
4000
6000
8000
1000
2000
5000
10,000
500
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-232-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —T F H—TO (11) —S—2
8000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 20,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
V
0,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
•"
26,000
28,000
/
13,000
20,000
22,000
30,000
24,000
...
35,000
8000-
10,000-
12,000-
\ r
14,000.
16,000¦
18,000-
20,000'
. — • :¦
+ . j.-i. J.
-• „L j. 4 .
'ii
^ '
i 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-233-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(ll)-S-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
f.
'35,000
/ "y 40.000 en nnn
/ 50,000 ^^ooo
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-234-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —T F H—TO (111) —S—1
4-ENG1NE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. From start of Takeoff Rol I
10,000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10,000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-235-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T -TF H—TO(l I l)-S—2
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
N
4-ENG1NE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 24,000 Ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8,000
20,000
24,000
26,000
1—Hi
28,000
30,000 /
35,000
10,000-
12,000-
a.
14,000-
16.000.
10,000-
T
V
26,000-
V
rV
it
V
V
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance frorr Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-236-
-------
120
115
110
105
4-T-TFH-TO(lll)-S-3
i
V-
f
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-150,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
4-
_L_
£23
-35,000 r"
~.T. ~40, boo.
100
45,000
50,000
i/>
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4)
L.
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70,0Q0
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90,000
110,000
130,000.
"O
c
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o
to
90
85
80
75
i^ooa.
"T
— r—•*«- -
-4-
70
p
-jL-
. — >
i
—i—¦
J..1
-f
T
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-237-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(l)-N-l
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
1000
2000
4000
6000
BOQQ
1000
2000
500
10,000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-238-
-------
120
115
110
105
4-T-TFH-TO(l)-N-2
CD
-o
100
oo
4)
>
-------
120
115
110
105
4-T-TFH-TO(l)-N-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 60,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
, 40,000
50,000
/
60,000
70.000
80,000
,000
100,000
| ^
no, ooo...
120,000
uoMZZZ
140,000"'
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-24 0-
-------
4-T-TFH-TO(ll)-N-l
20
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
15
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
8000
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
2000
CO
Z 100
4000
95
90
8000
85
80
75
70
500 1000
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
0
10,000
20,000
-241-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(ll)-N-2
8000 .
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
/
J_.L
16,000
s
• X
V-T
— •--- + •-+-
18,000 .
•f—! —I—r
20,000
•4- 4
.25,000
30,000
40,000
i~w .•«mi
4 —
. j -|-j-
j.
H-i—
• 4000
Act*'?* aME^y-^Mr.rvsi
r
, J_j J.
v ;«a
t
16,000
iS,0OQ-r
- iQ,000-r-
25,000^
L V
• »$Moo
j-—\...
^WPT
HUM 1^
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Cenferline in feet
20,
-242-
-------
120
115
110
105
4-T-TFH-TO(ll)-N-3
CO
no
100
4)
>
0)
D
8.
95
uS 90
"D
C
D
O
l/l
85
80
75
70
CY. »«IWlv \
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 66,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 Ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
"T "" I ' »"
4p;ooo —¦
-*r -J • ^ <»»•• "J-**-," n,- . ***** « «*•.
4-50^00, t •. ~ ; , ,—.—v
r+ -*0*000 ;hbo,ooct—: •,—- •— jit
—i— ~7Q*QQ0 .. - - ¦——.!-
*¦ r^~ / I
~U.
-4:90,p00-;—r~
>•;— T i-—f""
-•] i—
• v »v_ ** *>tr**r~f+-
"7711,000 "
—120,00a
lA \
f 73a,w7 •
———
T46,DOO
!
"t
J
-4.4-
; -1- --^iMXrDoa^fU^
0 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-2kZ-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF H-TO (11 l)-N—1
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
4000
8000
10,000
2000
1000
5000
10,000
500
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-2M-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
05
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(lll)-N-2
"v ^ 10,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 20,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
¦J
12,000
1,4,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
t »
« •- -
*. "**- '1'"
.1. .„4_.
I I
1
12,000
14.000
f
mi 1 KV,
T
25,000
,000
i6,oocr~f;r
35,000
40,000
10,000-
V
20,000
25,000
t"
30,000-
V
A
. V « 7k. ¦ t •'+» «•>»- w-" «
^0,-000 :
J.
• I
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-2'b-
-------
4-T-TFH-TO(lll)-N-3
120
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 80,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Ro!
105
50,000
CO
-u
c 100
70,000
r~
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-246-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T -TF H—TO(l)—F—1
4-ENG1NE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
4000 v>
. \>
¦ A
¦ ¦¦¦ 6000
' 'i **
-l-i—-
^ Jr
•7—t
T
-I—.
I
J
8000
—;—i-—
.1 .L ' <
j-H't
"T
-u
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-247-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(!)-F-2
8000
10,000
12,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPOR,
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 10,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
14,000
T6,000 t •
lfi,000
20,000
25,000 I
30,000 ,
35,000 ! /
40,000 /
50,000
r
- it
12,000-
. 14,000
16,000
18,000
20.000
I
"T"
t I>
25,000
30,000
35y000
40,000
• -50,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-2*8-
-------
4-T -T F H-TO(I) -T -3
120
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
50,000
CO
J-J.
c 100
70,000
80,000
LU
1/1
140,000
a.
"D
to
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-?49-
-------
4-T-TF H-TO( I l)-F-l
120
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
105
2000
CO
1 100
4000
6000
LLi
l/>
I/)
1
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-250-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-TO(ll)-F-2
8000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
T2,000
X/
30,000
35r00Q
; 1/0,000
. 50,000
1-llL
j
T
"T~
UrG0Q
urooa.
w •»- r*,* * 4fly 000 I
1 ;-..-20,0Q&| 1
4 ! 25,000
~YT
"i r
_4
.J- ¦
12,000
14, OOO
r
46,000-
J18,000¦
- 20,000-
25,000-
... 3O,O0C
- 35,000-
-40,-<
-$o,
-------
4—T—T F H—T O (II) —F—3
4-ENGINE hbpr turbofan transport
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
co
h 100
60,000
70,000
80,000
to
120,000
140,000
to
500 1000
10,000
0
2000
5000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-25?-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF H-TO(l I l)-F-l
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff RolI
10,000
4000
6000
8000
10,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-253-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T -TFH—TO(III)—F—2
10,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
40,000
50,000
.. T - —-
1-2,000-
M.-90D- h
"HI. -»•» tMIIIN'i
16,000-
18,000-
20,000-
30,000
35,000—
40,000-
[V
1
50.000-
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-254-
-------
120
4-T-TFH-TO(lll)-F-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
i .. ..
t Flight Track Distance Range
t. „ , . 50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
IW-'J.Wl -i-KV 1
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-255-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TF H—L(I)-5—1
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight- Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
V 10,000
5,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
10,000
15.000
20,000
25,000.-
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-2^6-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH-L(l)-S-2
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-150,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
r
! ' I ^
i
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
' 110,000
120,000
130,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-CL JI -
-------
4—T—TFH—L(l I)—S—T
120
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
105
10,000
CO
c 100
20,000
i/i
25,000
30,000
90
5000
15,000
1000
500
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
20,000
-258-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF H-L(l D-S-2
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(747)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-100f000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
35,000
40,000
45.000
50,000
55,000
60,000
/ 65,000
70,000
80,000
/ / ' ; 1
90,000 '
Tuu, 000
75,000
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-259-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(l)-S-l
V
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
"1"
4000
i;—
:p:
I.-
6000
-j—
i
8000'
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-26 0-
-------
120
4-T -T F H(Q )-TO (I) -S -2
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
10,000
"12,000 ~
14^000
16,000
18,000
T"T "7
"20,000
75,000'
10,000
-12,000
44,000
- 16,000
18,000
20,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
,000
-2a-
-------
120
115
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(!)-S-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25,000
30,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
140,000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline ir feet
-262-
-------
4—T -T F H(Q)—T O (11) —S—I
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
¦i»n H—
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-263-
-------
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(ll)-S-2
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 20.000 ft
Flight Track Distance Range
8.000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
12,000
14,000
/
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,oao
26,000
-29,00o
30,000
iD 90
to,000
12,000-
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Center!ine in feet
20,000
-------
120
115
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TQ(ll)-S-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
35,000
40.000
50,000
60,000 70 ooq
80,000
90,000
100,000 -
lo.oop.
120,000 —
140,000*"
s\\
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Cenferline in feet
20,
-26 5-
-------
120
115
T
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(lll)-S-l
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
iu 90
10,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-?66-
-------
120
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(llf)-S-2
115
110
105
00
-o
100
o
>
V
o
8-
TJ
c
3
O
(/I
95
90
85
80
75
70
'T "
_1—
j..
• ¦ r—~ --
..X ...
. L
-4-
X
.. J>.
10,000"
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Power Cutback at 22,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
12,000
14,000
16,000
1 • 1
v.Vj* *-<
... .18,000 ,
>—t-
22,000
30,000 j ~ '
.. 25,000
?0#000 „ ....
22,000
24,0QQ JZV
26,000 —
A
i t
m
zrzz
• m b
iJ
¦
J--...
12,000.
T4,000
-16,000
' ZZ. .18,000
Z!ZZZ 2o,ooq,
•—t-
\
—,.
22,000
- 26,000-
28,000.
- 2P,«»
S
.j-
i
.1.
_¦ J..
,1:1
4—: —n—!—t-
lV
Ht~AT
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-267-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(lll)-S-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-150,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
•«— i- -i
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
70,000
90r000
....
—-r-
110,000 ¦ —-
130,000 _7~
i5arooor—
\v;
-Xv»
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-268-
-------
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(l)-N-1
120
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
,8000
105
,2QQ0
CD
Z 100
to
f—r
1
1000
500
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
0,000
-269-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(l)-N-2
. 8000 .
j ¦ 10,000
I - - I
12,000
/¦
14,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
16,000
18,000
20,000
/
v*. «¦«
/
30,000
40,000
10,000-
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,'000
20,:0G0
__3P/_QQ0.
40,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-27Q-
-------
120
115
110
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(I)-N-3
I
.-U ,
• • -• —
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
.U ... -
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 60,000 ft.
u . Flight Track Distance Range
40.000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
___ ' ¦ ; < _|_ . J J
t—i
• - -t - 4 —
40.000
50,000
60.000
70,000
Bo.ooa
90.000
H>0,-000
"HO1,000
. 120,000
130,000 ¦¦¦ j'-,
140.000.
$
; -40;000^—^
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-271-
20,000
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(ll)-N-l
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
8,000
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
2000.
V
fOOO
6000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-272-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF H(Q)-TO (11)- N-2
..L
t f"
4 r - ••
-,-¦8000
h- r
¦f - ¦ i-
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
i
10,000
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
.16,000
1 " 3(T,OO0~ -
y ~ M+*o,
-------
120
4-T-TF H(Q)-TO(ll)-N-3
!
-A-
115
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 66,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
r -
. J
J
~ » I
Cfi
100
40,00.0.
t * *.tr%
LU
t/1
a>
>
V
«
u
3
ui
O
a.
X
"O
c
3
o
l/l
95
90
85
80
75
50*000 .
50,000 :
66,000 .. I
7Q^Q00 i
~v
|-
-~i~ —
~~roa;ooa
rroTTJoa
730.000
T40KT
"T20/000"
j_.JUQQrr:
70
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-274-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(lll)-N-I
: fO,000
fcooo
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
4000
6000
I - !
—I -h"i—r1-
| j j. -4
" . f~
—I
—i
! I
0Q0
, B»*'» *U ; tm
K
_J.
I
i i
"" t 1!
J L
41
4-
f
-
10,000^;-, ,
i i
j.'Ti:
, ft-
\\_4-
i t
*
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-275-
-------
~o
c
0>
>
4)
120
115
110
105
100
95
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(lll)-N-2
~r~ — : ; 4-engine hbprturbofan transport
H f QUIET NACELLES
1" [
10,-000
12,000
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 20,000 ft.
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000 V
25,000
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
4} 1* !
12,000
J 4,000
^ ^J >+* JTV- •'
ao,ooo
o
a
x
"O
c
3
o
in
40,000
tt,ooe>
r
18,0QQ
90
85
80
75
50»000
257U0O:^
—.130^000^
'40,000
1:
50,000-
70
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
J.
20,000
-276-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —TF H(Q)—TO(III)—N—3
4-ENGINE H3PR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
- ; QUIET NACELLES
> (747) range >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 80,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from sfart of Takeoff Roll
50,000
60,000
I
70,000
/
80,000
TOO,000
' - - ¦» -/
/
120,000
/
140,000
s
5o;uoff-
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-P77-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(l)-F-1
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. ftom start of Takeoff Roll
8000
2000
4000
f
8000
10,000
20,
5000
500 1000
2000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-2? 8-
-------
120
115
110
105
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(l)-F-2
~ v -
»
i*
—10,000 . •
u,aoo
^ 16,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 10,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
18,000 ~
20,000
CO
no
100
I
./
\
— ' -
UJ
to
4)
5 95
3
l/>
t»MI
$0,000
" 40,00
8.
"O
c
3
o
CO
90
85
80
75
"1 J
¦> »WB y*.
1
- "T
70
"10.000-^
^,000—-
j.::. :ri4,odo-
! 16,000-
"V
1
ZZ?~J§bb6'^
- f 20,000'
~Y
—r ™
IfcllH—tw>
T~
30.000
-.»-r i/1"
40,000-
* j—
- < •
50^ PPQ
T
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-279-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(l)-F-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
50,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
50,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000 20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centeriine in feet
-280-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TFH(Q)—TO(II)—F—1
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
8000
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
2000
4000
6000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20
Distance From Aircraft Plight Track Centerline in feet
-281-
-------
120
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(ll)-F-2
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
8000
10,000
h- ' •
' 12,000
' "f-
t
'if'" I*'000
16,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 12,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
• 8,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
18,000
¦20,000
25,000
30,000
4Q,0Q0
\
\
V ' ¦"
\
50,000
T2,000
U,000 —
" 76,000•
IS,000 —
20,000-
25,000-
30,000 —
40,000 —
50,000
r¥
0 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-282-
-------
120
115
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-TO(ll)-F-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft.from start of Takeoff Roll
50.000
70,000
80,000
50,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-283-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T -TF H(Q)-TO (II I)—F—1
0,000
4-ENG1NE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
2000
4000
6000
8000'
10,000-
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-281U
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TF H(Q)—TO( 111) —F—2
10,000
/
12,000
14,000
T6,000
,18,000
20,000
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25,000
>«.
30,000
40,000
50,000
14,000
16,000
¦> *
18,000 —
20,000 —
" 25,000
t\
30,000
40,000
A
50,000-
a
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-285-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF H(Q)-TO(lll)-F-3
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
50,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
50,000
1000
2000
5000
10,000
500
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Center!ine in feet
-286-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TFH(Q)-L(|)-S-l
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
5000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
5000,
20.000
25,000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20
f
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-287-
-------
4-T-TF H(Q)-L(l)-S-2
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747)
LANDING - 3 GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-150,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
35.000
40,-000
50,000
^0, 00Q - * ^ ^ - ^ - «*»..• .W*..- L
70,000
--60,000
90,000
*30,-000
-H0,00Q--r-
43O;«0©
^-50,-ooe
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-288-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —TF H(Q)—L( 11)—T—1
4-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
,15,000
\ 20,000
25,000
10,000
15,000'
-A
\
¦L
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in Feet
20,
-28Q-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TF H(Q)-L(I I)—T—2
4-ENG1NE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
QUIET NACELLES
(747)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-90,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold ~ •
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
70,000
60,000
90,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-29C-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TF H-TO (I) -S-1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
¦•¦A# 4i"
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-291-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TF H—TO(l)—S—2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
.8000
10,000
,12,000
'w y
,i4,ooa
,16,000
TS,000
J-.... \k If *
20,000
25,000
2000:
-rf.tr-' .*
T0,T)00-
12]000-
- -— vl
V
. ». tr. • '
14,000-
:"Wood-
18,000
' -20,000
y\
H
QTjj
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerlme in feet
20,
-292-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T —TF H—TO(I)—S—3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
: 1 » . .
¦ ivv' r-
?OJ)QO.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000 20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-293-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T-TFH—TO(I I)—S—1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
4000
2000
6000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-29'!-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-T F H-TO (11) -S-2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
3000
12,000
>«.
14,000 ~
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000 I
24,000
2<5,000
28,000
30,000 f
35,000
\
M it 'W i.' '
aooo-
'ro;ooe
J2,000
" T4,000
... ..16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
>.-y
24,000
V
\
JU
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-295-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T -T F H—T O (11) -S-3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roil
tK'* U I Vr, • j
35,000
40,000
80,000
90,D00
100,000-
110,000
120,000
>40,000
500 1 000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-296-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T-TFH—TO(I II)—S—1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC 10/L1 Oil) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Rol
10,000
2000
6000
8000
4000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-297-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T —TFH-TO(l 11)—S—2
10,000
*v\ 12,000
3-ENG1NE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
4,000
16,000
18,000
.20,000
24,000
26,000 /
28,000
30,000
35,000
10,000
. 12,000.
14,000 —
16,000
18,000
20,000-
. .24,000
26,000
Y
1
V
\.
Jl
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-298-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T —T F H-TO (111) —S-3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - ATA
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-150,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
40,000
45,000
50,000
90,000
110,000
V
lV;
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-299-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TF H—TO(l)—N—1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(dclO/HOll) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8/000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
¦ -—i
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-300-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFH-TO(l)-N-2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
14,000
/ 46,000
18,000
20,000
25.000
30,000
40,000
10,000
20,000
25,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
500 J 000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-301-
-------
3-T-TFH-TO(l)-N-3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N. MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 60,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
¦40.000-140.000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
m' —rM ail >!¦!«) < jr m i— *vc- - r.-am
4-
T-r-j-t
I r~r
40,000
50,000
• •4--60 -QOO-
" .2
7 no
120.D00
~1
130.000
._,..L40JEJ
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-302-
-------
3—T—TF H—TO (I f)_ N— 1
120
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
cO
-o
C 100
,8PQ0
2000
4000'
6000
1000
0
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-303-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
30
75
70
3-T-TFH-TO(N)-N-2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
14,000 ¦
16,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
8000-
12,000-
14,000
20,
10,000
500 1000
2000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-30«-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TF H-TO( I l)-N-3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 70,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
, j - -<¦
f
H-
,_i, ^—j™
~ j.—
40,000
-t—t--•
—•I -
r——
i
50,000
60,000
/
70,000
80^000
9o;ooo
100,1)00.
7:
"1-20,000 /
• 140,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flioht Track Centerline in feet
20,
-305-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TF H—TO (111)—N-1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DCi0/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
TO, 000'
yooo
6000
4000
8000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-306-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TF H—TO( 111)—N-2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-50,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Ro
) 500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
¦307-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFH-TO(ll])-N-3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1 Oil) RANGE >2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - NORTHWEST ORIENT PROCEDURE
Power Increase at 80,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
50,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roli
H
- I-
rt~
! U-
"v
44-
1
50,000
60,000
70,000
t.P( i
80,000"
/
90,000
100,000
120,000
• ;» "A.**
140,000 _
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-308-
-------
3—T—T F H—T O (I)—F—1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8.000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roil
* ptv
' 8000
2Q0Q.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-309-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFH-TO(l)-F-2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 14,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
10,000
14,000
16/000
18,000
30,000
40,000
8000
16,000
18,000 -
"20,000
25,000
500 1000
2000
10,000
5000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-310-
-------
3—T—TF H-TO(I)—F—3
— 4
I
-
..... I i.
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 0-1,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
r
4u,0uu
50.000
60.000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-311-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFH-TO(ll)-F-l
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-8,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
V
2000
4000
6000
V
1000
2000
500
10,000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-312-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TFH-TO(ID-F-2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 16,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
8,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
8000
10,000'
12,000
14,000
-t-—
t
i
""i'"
i
... J.™r.
t
'MM
:|z
» '
T6,00U
18,000
JIT
\\
. «T|>«rw|K;
-—: i—i -
•7"
20,000
25,000
30,000
40,000
¦v •—*
4
8000-
ia,oaa-
—12,000
—T4rO0O
\ :r
u:r
¦T-
16,000
18,000-
4m
20,000-^
25,000-
3t
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,
-313-
-------
3-T-TFH-TO(ll)-F-3
120
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE 1,000-2,000 N.MILES
15
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
CO
-o
c 100
95
50,000
60,000
90
85
80
75
70
500
1000
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline i
0
10,000
feet
20,000
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3-T-TF H-T 0(111)-F-1
• " >
\
6*1* *
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
Kb-Gee-
r '' —r
—1^-4000—i—1—¦*
—h
4PQCL
—M
*4-.
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-315-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—TFH—TO(l 11)—F—2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N.MILES
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Power Cutback at 18,000 ft.
Flight Track Distance Range
10,000-40,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10,000
12,000'
14,000
16,000
*0,000
25,000
30,000 I
35,000
40,000
— 10,00$
12,000
14,000
16,000 ,
IB,000
20.00Q ^
25,000
30,000
- 35,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centeriine in feet
-316-
-------
3—T—TFH—TO(l I l)-F—3
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011) RANGE >2,000 N.MII.E5
TAKEOFF - FAR 36
Flight Track Distance Range
40,000-140,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
i —t
co
1 100
50,000
80.000
CO
.i i
.V
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-317-
-------
3-T —TF H—L(l)—S—1
120
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011)
LANDING - 3 GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
105
CO
TJ
C 100
(/>
Q,QQQ
Q.
TJ
20,000
5000
¦20.000
1000
0
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-313-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T-TF H-L(l)—S—2
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBO FAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011)
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-130,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
T
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
60,
V
1000
500
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-319-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
3—T—T F H—L( 11)—T—1
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC 10/Ll Oil)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
v
N 10.000
15,000
20.000
25.000
30.050
35,000
10,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-320-
-------
3—T-TF H—L( I l)-T—2
120
3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
(DC10/L1011)
LANDING - 3°/6° TWO SEGMENT GLIDE
SLOPE
15
Flight Track Distance Range
35/000-60,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
10
105
CO
~°c 100
95
90
LU
85
50,000
80
60, -000
75
T-
70
1000
20,000
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
0
500
-321-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TP —TO (11) —S -1
4-ENGINE TURBOPROP TRANSPORT
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
2000
4000
500
1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-322-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T —TP—T O (10 —S—2
4-ENGINE TURBOPROP TRANSPORT
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6Q00
8000
10,000
5,000
20,000
,25,000
30,000
35,000
8000
42,001
oaa
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-323-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T-TP-TO(ll)-S-3
4-ENGINE TURBOPROP TRANSPORT
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
35,000
40,000
45,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
V
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-324-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—TP—L(l) —S-l
4-ENGINE TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
LANDING -3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
5000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
,5000
10,000
2000
500 1000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-325-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T -TP—L( 1) —S-2
4-ENGINE TURBOPROP TRANSPORT
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-90,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
35,000
40,000
50,000
60.000
70,000
80,000
90,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-326-
-------
4-T-PP-TO(||)-S-l
4-ENGINE PISTON TRANSPORT
15
TAKEOFF
Flight' Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
10
105
6000
CO
h 100
95
4000
90
85
6000
80
75
70
500 1000
2000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
10,000
0
5000
20,000
-327-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4-T - PP -TO (11) -S-2
4-ENGINE PISTON TRANSPORT
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-35,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
8000
10,000
,15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
6000
8000
TO,000
30,000
35,000
5000
1000
500
2000
10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-323-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T—PP—TO(ll)—S—3
4-ENGINE PISTON TRANSPORT
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
70,000
80,000 : 1"f
'r ' "rT:r
°T"
10,000
20,
2000
5000
500 1000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-3?9-
-------
4-T-PP-L(l)-S-l
120
4-ENGINE PISTON TRANSPORT
15
LANDING - 3U GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
10
105
DO
-o
c 100
95
5000
90
15,000
85
25,000
30,000
35,000
80
75
5000
10,000
70
2000
5000
10,000
1000
20,000
500
0
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-330-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
4—T-PP—L(l)—S-2
4-ENGINE PISTON TRANSPORT
LANDING -3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
35,000-100,000ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
—i
10,000
20,
2000
5000
500
1000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-331-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—G—TJ—TO(l I)—S—1
COMPOSITE BUSINESS JET
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-6,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
6000
2000
4000
u..L.
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-332-
-------
2-G-TJ-TO(ll)-S-2
120
COMPOSITE BUSINESS JET
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
6,000-16,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
1000
10,000
12,000
105
c 100
! - -f" 4"
¦j—h—r
6000
~o
12,000
500 1000
2000
0
5000
10,000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-333-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—G —TJ -T0( 11)—S—3
COMPOSITE BUSINESS JET
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
16,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Ro
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
45,000
/ 50,000
/ 55,000
TOO,000
500 1000
2000
5000
]0,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-G-TJ-L( l)-S-l
COMPOSITE BUSINESS JET
LANDING - 3 GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-35,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
5000
10,000
15,000
V
20,000
15,000
V,
30,000
35,000
5000
10,000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-335-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2—G—T J—L(l)—S—2
COMPOSITE BUSINESS JET
LANDING - 3° GLIDE SLOPE
Flighf Track Distance Range
35,000-150,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
35,000
I 40,000
I I 45,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
0,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
130,000
150,000
55,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
~5 50-
-------
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
2—G —TFS—TO(l l)-S—1
CESSNA CITATION
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-16,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
2000
6000
4000
8000
6000
14,000
6000
4000
2000
12,000
1000
2000
500
5000
10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-------
110
2—G—TFS—TO(II) —S—2
105
100
CESSNA CITATION
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
16,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
X...
—!_ —4—4 —
- -~r~t -
w rw wwwe ^-.h--*; ;» i>
: - i I t I
CQ
~D
LU
0)
i/i
o
D_
X
UJ
"O
c
D
o
is>
16,000
18.000
20,000
-3^,^00 - I-
w.yOu
45*QQQ
30,W -
;55,TO
60l090~
JtlyQQQ
,-ooa
90,000
wo,coo
J
500
1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-338-
-------
2-G —TFS—L( I)—S—1
CESSNA CITAT ON
LANDING - 3~ GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Trcck Distance Range
0-40,000 Ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
:30oo
Tt), 000
15)W0
20,000
--25,000 >- -j.. t• -
'~"TO,boo-~T"''f
-5000
W,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-339-
-------
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
2-G —TP—TO(l I)—S-l
2-ENGINE TURBOPROP
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
iOOO
6000
10,000
25,000
3000
15,000
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-340-
-------
2-G -TP-TO (I l)-S -2
2-ENGINE TURBOPROP
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
25,OOQ. .
30/000
.35*000 . . - n
*4&£aa
nnn
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-341-
-------
2—G—TP—L(l)—5—1
2-ENG1NE TURBOPROP
15
LANDING - 3 GLIDE SLOPE
Flight- Track Distance Range
0-50,000 ft. from Runway Landing Threshold
10
105
CO
C 100
95
90
to
10,000
85
15,000
20,000
80
75
—
' 3000
70
1000
500
2000 5000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
0
10,000
20,000
-342-
-------
2-G-LPP-T0(ll)-S-l
120
LARGE TWO ENGINE PISTON
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
105
CO
T>
C 100
-6000
¦0000
,4000
10/000
6000
<000
LU
20,000
to
2000
4000
500 1000
2000
10,000
0
5000
20,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-343-
-------
2-G - LPP-TO (11) -S -2
LARGE TWO ENGINE PISTON
TAKEOFF
Flight' Track Distance Range
25,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
15
10
105
95
25,000-
CL
30,000
90
35,000
40,000
50/000
85
70,000
V
80
75
70
1000
2000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
500
5000
10,000
20,000
0
-3^-
-------
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
2-G-LPP-L(l)-S-l
LARGE TWO ENGINE PISTON
LANDING - 4.5° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Engine
0-110,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
-5666-
000
25/000
• mm
MI
S
SO.
m
s:
90,000
¦*T
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
20,
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-3^5-
-------
110
2-G-SPP-TO(!l)-S-l
~~T
-4--
105
100
~~b~
—
i
—i--
4- - -• -•
¦¦ 1 ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦' r
/ i
i
- - 1 - l~ -
I
~ -L —
t
SMALL 2-ENGINE PISTON
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-20,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
"4000"
flOCX)
i.._aO0Q
-ro.tjoo
,70,000
4UUU
tsnon ——i..
"B00D
.. 10j
7T5700Q
20:000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
20,000
-346-
-------
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60,
2—G-5PP—T O(II)—S—2
SMALL 2-ENGINE PISTON
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
20,000-100.000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
2Qr0QQ
iZZSc?? :3QrqQ0 .
35,000 ...r
DQQ
60,000 i *
f : : ~-f H"
JC^OOO.-i
iFWIENi^W^'e
¦nwi
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-3^7 -
20,0!
-------
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
2—G-SPP-L(i)-S-l
SMALL 2-ENGINE PISTON
LANDING -4.5° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range -
0-50,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
.50(0
10,000-"
IhJvjjV
10,000
500 1000
2000
5000
20
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-348-
-------
110
1 —G—PP-TO(l l)-S—1
105
100
SINGLE ENGINE PISTON
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
0-25,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
; --i >¦ - ¦#"w-ii- -
Q3
"D
LLI
CO
ai
>
O
Q.
X
"D
C
3
o
LO
10,000
15^000
20,000
25>OQO
~ "~t" Yrt^~x5|v00'
10,000
¦ IS,000
20.000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Certterline in feet
20,000
-349-
-------
110
1-G-PP-TO(ll)-S-2
105
100
—1-.--
SINGLE ENGINE PISTON
TAKEOFF
Flight Track Distance Range
25,000-100,000 ft. from start of Takeoff Roll
CO
"D
a>
>
9>
9)
L.
D
t/i
8.
T3
C
3
O
ts>
25,000
30,-000
95,000
40.000
50,000
60,000
70,000
¦ 60,000
90,000
J00,000
500 1000 2000 5000 10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-350-
20,000
-------
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
SINGLE ENGINE PISTON
LANDING - 4.5° GLIDE SLOPE
Flight Track Distance Range
0-10,000 ft. from Runway Landing
Threshold
500 1000
2000
5000
10,000
Distance from Aircraft Flight Track Centerline in feet
-351-
-------
APPENDIX B
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT SEL CHARTS
-353-
-------
APPENDIX D
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT SEL CHARTS
This appendix briefly describes the analytical mcdel used
to develop the SEL curves presented In this handbook. The
appendix also summarises the noise and aircraft profile
information and data sources. More extensive information
and details may be found in the noted references.
A. Noise Model Assumptions
The SEL curves given in the handbook were developed from
two basic types of information:
(a) Noise level curves showing the variation of SEL
values as a function of distance from the aircraft
at known air speed and thrust conditions.
(b) Takeoff and landing profiles for each aircraft
showing the height of the aircraft above ground
as a function of distance from start of takeoff
roll (or landing threshold).
From a knowledge of the flight profiles, one can determine
the distances between the aircraft and the observer at any
point underneath or to one side of the aircraft (see Figure 2,
for example). Knowing the altitude and distance of the
observer from the ground track (which form two sides of a
right-angled triangle), one can calculate the distance from
the observer to the aircraft.
-355-
-------
For each aircraft, SEL curves were developed for both
air-to-ground and ground-to-ground propagation in accordance
with the simple analytic models given in Reference 1. These
curves assume air absorption for standard day conditions
(59°F ar.d 70 RH), as provided in 3AE ARP 866A. The ground-
to-grour.d curves also assumed excess ground absorption and
a b dB offset to account for partial shielding of the air-
craft noise sources at low angles of elevation.
The transition between air-to-ground and ground-to-ground
propagation is based upon the angle of elevation between the
aircraft at the closest point of approach and ground observer.
This angle, 6, is used to determine a transition coefficient,
T, where T is a function of 0 and varies between 0 and 1.
For 6 equal or less than 4.3°, T = 1 and the ground-to-
ground propagation curve is used. For angles of 0 or greater
than or equal 7.2°, T = 0 and the air-to-ground propagation
curve is used. For intermediate angles, (4.3° <0 <7.2°),
the following function is used: T = 2.5 -0.3491*0.
No correction is used for the possible fuselage shield-
ing effects of multi engine aircraft at ground positions to
the side of the aircraft flight track.
These assumptions are identical to those used in the
NOISEMAP computer program developed for the Air Force and
currently used for both civil and military aircraft
calculations.2 It should be noted that different assump-
tions as to the transition between air-to-ground ground-
to-ground propagation and shielding nay be employed in
other computer programs.3
-356-
-------
B. Noise Data
For the larger civil transport aircraft, sets of noise
curves (SEL as a function of distance) were available for
different engine thrusts and air speeds. At specified points
along the flight path, changes were made to basic noise levels
to allow for differences in aircraft speed and thrust from the
reference conditions. For the smaller aircraft, generalized
takeoff and landing noise vs. distance curves were available.
Simplified takeoff profiles were used requiring fewer adjust-
ments of noise level data.
The major source of noise data was Reference . This in-
formation was supplemented by generalized curves for general
aviation aircraft provided in Reference 5. Figure B-l shows
a typical set of noise data for one cf the larger civil air-
craft and Figure B-2 shows a set of a composite data used for
the smaller general aviation propeller aircraft.
C. Performance Data
For larger civil aircraft, basic takeoff profiles were
developed for different operating gross weights assuming that
the aircraft follow ATA procedures. The interpretation of
the ATA procedures used in developing these profiles is given
In Table B-l. The ATA takeoff procedures used for the transpor
aircraft are shown in Figures B-3 through 3-7-
For other aircraft, generalized takeoff profiles were
employed. These are shown in Figure 3-8 and B-9.
A 3° glide slope was assumed for the landing profiles
of all Jet aircraft and the heavier propeller aircraft.
For the smaller general aviation aircraft, a.glide slope of
4.5° was assumed.
-357-
-------
4 Engine LBPR
AIRSPEED, 160 KNOTS
Distance to Aircraft in feet
FIGURE tf-1. SOUND EXPOSURE LEVEL V E R SU S D IS T A N C E - FOUR ENGINE LBPR
TURBOFAN AIRCRAFT - 707 AND DC-8 AIRCRAFT WITH J T 3 D
SERIES ENGINES
-------
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
2(
B -2
—— Takeoff
Approach
Twin Engine
Single Engine
(Composite)
Twin Engine
Single Engine
Composite)
400
700 1000
2000
Distance to Aircraft in feet
4000
7000 10,000
20,000
40,000
SOUND EXPOSURE LEVEL VERSUS DISTANCE
PROPELLER AIRCRAFT
- GENERAL AVIATION
-------
6000
5000
4000
~~u
3000
_Q
J 2000
1000
0
10,000
30,000 40,000 50,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
60,000
70,000
80,000
FIGURE 3-3. GENERALIZED ATA TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR 4-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT - DC-8 , 707 SERIES (4-T-TFL)
-------
6000
5000
% 4000
~o
c
D
O
O 3000
i
UJ
CJ\
>
o
_Q
<
-C
CD
® 2000
1000
1V
^^11
/y
/ \
p
4
/ /
/
//
//
V
f
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
FIGURE B~4. GENERALIZED ATA TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR 3-ENG IN E LBPR TURBOFAN
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT - 727 SERIES (3-T-TFL)
-------
6000
5000
i
UJ
CT\
rv>
I
% 4000
T>
c
O
o
6 3000
>
o
_Q
<
-C
oi
X
2000
1000
~
4
/
1 ^
X
/
^-11
/ y
~
//
f /
r
/
/
/
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
70,000
80,000
FIGURE B-5. GENERALIZED ATA TAKEOFF PROCEDURES FOR 2-ENGINE LBPR TURBOFAN
AIRCRAFT - DC-9, 737 SERIES .(2-T-TFL)
-------
6000
i
oo
a\
oo
I
5000
"D
C
O
o
4000
O 3000
o
>
o
_Q
<
D)
'»
X
2000
1000
0
4
*
1 v
>
//
/ /
'/¦
\
\
\
\
\
//>
//,
'//
z
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
70,000 80,000
FIGURE
B-6. GENERALIZED ATA TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR 4-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT - 747 SERIES (4-T-TFH)
-------
6000
LO
CT\
-£r
I
5000
4000
T5
C
D
o
O 3000
o
>
<
i 2000
1000
1
i
y
,
V
III
s
//
~
~
/y
i\\
w
s
y
^^4
/A-
\
V
///
/
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
FIGURE
B-7. GENERALIZED ATA TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR 3-ENGINE HBPR TURBOFAN
TRANSPORT - DC-10, L-1011 SERIES (3-T-TFH)
-------
3000
2500
Twin Engine Propeller
(>12,000 lbs)
2 2000
1500
Four Engine Propeller
CD
1000
500
0
10,000
5000
0
15,000
25,000
30,000
20,000
35,000
40,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
FIGURE B-8. GENERALIZED TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR TWO AND FOUR ENGINE
HEAVIER PROPELLER AIRCRAFT
-------
3000
Jet (Composite)
2500
Cessna Citation
Twin Engine Propeller
- (<12,000 lbs)
Single Engine Propeller
® 2000
1500
i
-O
o>
1000
500
5000
10,000
15,000 20,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
of Takeoff
Roll
in
FIGURE B-9. GENERALIZED TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR BUSINESS JET AIRCRAFT
AND SMALLER GENERAL AVIATION PROPELLER AIRCRAFT
-------
Reference 1 provides most of the basic data for developing
the takeoff profiles and for determining thrusts for the take-
off and landing operations of the larger jet aircraft.
D. Special Takeoff Profiles
For the civil turbofan transport aircraft, SEL curves are
provided for two possible noise abatement procedures. One
special procedure is based on that development by Northwest
Orient Airlines.7 The other special procedure is based on
the allowable thrust cutback permitted by FAR 36.® The
interpretations of these procedures are given in Table E-l.
Figure B-10 shows a comparison of the three procedures
(ATA, NWO Airlines and FAR 3^) for a 4-engine LBPR transport
aircraft (707/DC-8). It should be noted that the handbook
graphs are based on thrust cutbacks at the heights specified
in Table B-l. Cutbacks at these heights may not represent
the "optimum" noise abatement procedure for alleviating noise
at individual airports.
-367-
-------
TABLE B-l TAKEOFF PROCEDURES ASSLT-'.ED FOR PKOFILES OF CIVIL TIJRBOFAN TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
First Phase
ATA
Takeoff to 1500 ft.
Takeoff (TO) thrust
V? + 10 airspeed
TO flaps
Northwest AL
Takeoff to 1000 ft.
TO thrust
V + 10 airspeed
TO flap:?
"FAR 36"
Takeoff to 700 ft. (^-engine)
or Takeoff to 1000 ft. (2,j-engine)
TO thrust
+ 10 airspeed
TO flaps
Second Phase
I
00
1
Third Phase
1500 to 3000 ft.
Reduce thrust to maximum
climb thrust
Maintain + 10 airspeed
and TO flaps.
3000 ft. and Above
Accelerate to 250 Kt,
retract flaps on schedule
while maintaining 500 FPM
climb, then climb at 250 Kt.
1000 to jOOO ft.
At 1000 ft., lower nose,
accelerate and retract
flaps; at V£p> lower
nose, reduce thrust
to maintain climb of
1000 FPM1 and hold V^p speed.
3000 ft. and Above
Increase to normal climb
thrust, accelerate to
250 KT and continue climb.
700 ft. or 1000 ft. and Above
Reduce thrust to that required
for climb gradient of (or
that required for level flight
with one engine out) 1 ,maintain
+ 10 airspeed and TO flaps.
1. Engine thrust adjusted for operating gross weight
-------
6000
5000
Takeoff Profile II For
DC-8 and 707 Aircraft
4000
ATA
3000
FAR 36 Cutback
i 2000
Northwest Airlines
1000
0
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
Distance From Start of Takeoff Roll in feet
FIGURE D -1 0. A COMPARISON OF TAKEOFF PROFILES FOR FOUR-ENGINE
LBPR TURBOFAN TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT - DC-8, 707 SERIES
-------
REFERENCES
1. D. 5. Bishop, W. J. Galloway,"Community Noise Exposure
Resulting from Aircraft Operations: Acquisition and
Analysis of Aircraft Noise and Performance Data,"
AMRL TR 73-107, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory!
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, August 1973-
2. N. H. Reddingius, "Community Noise Exposure Resulting
from Aircraft Operations: Computer Program Operator's
Manual," AMRL TR 7 3-108, Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio,
July 1974.
3. C. Bartell et al, "Airport Noise Reduction Forecast,
Volume II - NEF Computer Program Description and User's
Manual", Dept. of Transportation, DOT-TST-75-4,
October 1974.
4. D. E. Bishop, J. F. Mills, J. M. Beckmann, "Sound
Exposure Level Versus Distance Curves for Civil Aircraft,
BBN Report 2759, prepared, for the EPA, February 1976.
5. D. E. Bishop, A. P. Hays, "Handbook for Developing
Noise Exposure Contours for General Aviation Airports,"
FAA Report FAA-AS-75-1, December 1975-
-370^
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
read jMOZructiims on the reverie before completing}
FZPOn~ NO. 2.
E PA-550/9-77-450
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCFSSIOWNO.
4. ! i riJ. AIN.U SU3TITLS
Calculation of Day-Night Levels (L^-)
Resulting From Civil Aircraft Operations
5. RFPORT DATE
March 1976
6. PERhORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Bolt, Beranek & Newman
7. AU fMOR(S)
Bishop, D. E., A. P. Hays, N. H. Reddingius, and
H. Seidman
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
3157
) I'CRHOrTMING OHGANIZA HON NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
Bolt Beranek & Newnan, Inc. .
P. 0. Box 633
Canoga Park, California 91305
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA 68-01-3218
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME Af+f> ADDRESS
Office of Noise Abatement and Control
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D. C. 20460
13. TYPE OF H6PORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
A? a
EPA/ONACT
t3, SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. abstract
A method is described for calculating the values of day/night level (Ldn).
at a point, due to aircraft operations from an airport. Two levels of
sophistication are detailed; (1) at the basic level, such factors as
type of takeoff and landing procedure are considered, but range and non-
standard glide slopes are excluded, (2) the more detailed method takes
account of the latter parameters. The procedure used is to locate the
position of the point in question, relative to the runway and aircraft
flight track. A series of charts give L<]n values for different types
of aircraft in terms of the distance parameters. Adjustments are made
to the single event noise level to account for frequency of operations
and the adjusted levels are added logarithmically to represent all of
the classes of aircraft using the airport.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cosa n Field/Croup
Noise levels, aircraft noise levels,
day-night average noise levels, noise
level prediction, airport noise
levels.
'9. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThU Rtportl
IINtt A^IFTFn
21. NO. OF PAGES
-J74-
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thitpagt)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE ,
API
E»A Form ZZZtM (J-73)
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