a rn/\ Protecting Public Health and Water Quality with the
'	Clean Water State Revolving Fund
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Clean
Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) was established by
the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act (CWA) as
a low interest source of funding for a wide range of
water infrastructure projects. The program represents a
powerful partnership between EPA and the states with
the flexibility to fund a variety of projects that address
their highest priority water quality needs. Through 2016,
state CWSRF programs have provided over $117 billion
to communities and more than 37,000 low-interest loans
to protect public health, aquatic resources, and meet
environmental standards.
HOW THE CWSRF WORKS
CWSRF programs in each state and Puerto Rico operate
like banks. Federal and state contributions are used to
capitalize the programs. These assets are used to make
low interest loans for important water quality projects.
Funds are then repaid to the CWSRFs over terms as long
as 30 years and are recycled to fund other water quality
and public health projects.
WHO MAY QUALIFY
CWSRF programs may provide assistance to public,
private, or non-profit entities for water infrastructure
projects. Eligible recipients vary by project type and
include municipalities, utilities, state agencies,
community groups, farmers, homeowners, small
businesses, conservation districts, and nonprofit
organizations.
GETTING A PROJECT FUNDED
Those interested in learning more about CWSRF funding
opportunities should seek out the CWSRF program in
their state and participate in the annual process that
determines which projects are funded. The list of CWSRF
state programs can be found on our website at:
www.epa.gov/cwsrf.
CWSRF PROJECT ELIGIBILITIES
Eleven types of projects are eligible to receive CWSRF
assistance:
•	Construction of publicly owned treatment works
•	Nonpoint source projects
•	National estuary program projects
•	Decentralized wastewater treatment systems
•	Stormwater
•	Water conservation and efficiency
•	Watershed pilot projects
•	Energy efficiency
•	Water reuse
•	Security measures at publicly owned treatment works
•	Technical assistance
TYPES OF CWSRF ASSISTANCE
CWSRFs can offer a variety of types of financial
assistance. The programs primarily offer low interest
loans or purchase local debt over terms as long as 30
years. CWSRF programs can also refinance previously
issued debt, provide credit enhancements in the form of
guarantees or insurance, and guarantee sub-state
revolving loan fund debt. A small amount of additional
subsidization may be available each year in the form of
principal forgiveness, negative interest rate loans, or
grants. Additional subsidization can be provided to
projects that address affordability concerns, stormwater,
water and energy conservation, or sustainable project
planning, design, and construction.

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SOURCES OF LOAN REPAYMENT
Potential borrowers must identify a repayment source
before a loan is approved. Finding a source of repayment
may prove challenging, but it does not have to be
burdensome. Many recipients demonstrate a high level
of creativity in developing sources of repayment. The
source of repayment need not come from the project
itself. Some potential repayment sources include:
•	Wastewater user charges
•	Dedicated portions of local, county, or state taxes or
fees
•	Stormwater utility fees
•	Fees paid by developers
•	Recreational fees (fishing licenses, entrance fees)
•	Donations or dues made to nonprofit organizations
•	Individual or business revenues
CLEAN WATER SUCCESS STORIES
Indiana
Properly managing wet weather flows is an important
aspect of wastewater treatment that poses challenges
for communities across the country. Heavy rain events
can place additional burden on the capacity of treatment
works, damaging infrastructure and negatively impacting
local water quality. In September of 2013, the city of
Chesterton took action to address wet weather concerns
when it received a $10.75 million loan from the Indiana
Finance Authority's Wastewater State Revolving Fund
(SRF) to finance the construction of a 1.2 million gallon
wet weather storage tank and upgrades to the local
treatment plant's headworks. The increased wet weather
storage capacity will enable Chesterton to better manage
wet weather flows that exceed the treatment plant
capacity of up to 26 million gallons per day, or rainfall
equivalent to 10-year storm event. Securing a loan
through the SRF program rather than a conventional
sewage revenue bond saved Chesterton $2.7 million over
20 years, achieving significant environmental protection
benefits at a lower cost to rate payers.
The Renewable Energy Biosolids Facility in the start-up phase,
generating power in Wilmington, Delaware. Photo courtesy of:
Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources & Environmental Control.
Delaware
Rising energy costs combined with the prospect of
climate change have made energy management a
critical concern for today's wastewater utilities. The
City of Wilmington is one of a growing list of
communities striving to reduce the climate impacts
of wastewater management and save money in the
process. Wilmington received a $36M CWSRF loan to
construct a renewable energy biosolids facility (REBF)
at the city's Hay Road Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WWTP). The REBF captures methane gas generated
by WWTP digesters and the adjacent landfill to
produce approximated 4 Megawatts of electricity per
day— enough to power the plant. Excess heat from
electricity generation is used to operate a new
thermal sludge dryer that reduces the volume of
biosolids produced by the plant. The dehydrated
thermal sludge dryer is reducing the amount of
hauled off waste by approximately 75 percent, while
greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by 13,000
metric tons per year.
For more information about the CWSRF please contact us at:

EPA 832F16011
AUGUST 2016
www.epa.gov/cwsrf
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Clean Water State Revolving Fund Branch
Office of Water, Office of Wastewater Management
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue , NW (mail code 4204M)
Washington, DC 20460

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