United States Environmental Protection Agency.
2001. Supporting documentation used in the derivation
of selectedfreshwater Tier 2 ESBs. Office of Research and
Development, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI USA.
(http://www.epa. gov/nheerl/publications/)
Users of this document are encouraged to consult with the original scientific literature to ensure
an understanding of the context and accuracy of the data used here.
This is contribution AED-08-044 of the Office of Research and Development National Health
and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Atlantic Ecology Division.
-------
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
BIPHENYL
CASRN 92-52-4
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL BIPHENYL CASRN 92-52-4
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
792 3.4.9 (Daphnid)
5184 7 (Daphnid)
10120 8. 10. 11 (Daphnid)
11936 12 (Daphnid)
11926 13. 14 (Daphnid)
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-2
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL BIPHENYL
Accepted:
Dill, D.C., M.A. Mayes, C.G. Mendoza, G.U. Boggs, and J.A. Emmitte. 1982. Comparison of the
toxicities of biphenyl, monochlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrachloro-biphenyl to fish and daphnids. In
J.G. Pearson, R.B. Foster, and W.E. Bishop (eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment, 5th
Conference, ASTM STP 766, Philadelphia, PA:245-256. (AQUIRE Reference Number, ARN: 10120)
Gersich, F.M., E.A. Bartlett, P.G. Murphy, and D.P. Milazzo. 1989. Chronic toxicity of biphenyl to
Daphnia magna Straus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 43(3):355-362. (ARN: 792)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Rejected:
Abernethy, S., A.M. Bobra, W.Y. Shiu, P.G. Wells, and D. MacKay. 1986. Acute lethal toxicity of
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to two planktonic crustaceans: The key role of
organism-water partitioning. Aquat. Toxicol. 8(3): 163-174 (Publ. in part as 11936) (ARN: 11926)
Bobra, A.M., W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay. 1983. A predictive correlation for the acute toxicity of
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to the water flea (Daphnia magna). Chemosphere
12(9-10): 1121-1129. (ARN: 11936)
A-3
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF BIPHENYL TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(|ig/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 h
R,M
360
Gersichetal. 1989
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna <24 h S,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna <24 h S,U
4,700*
2,100
869.5
LeBlanc 1980
Dill et al. 1982
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss 60d
S,U
1,500
1,500
Dill et al. 1982
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus 60 d
S,U
4,700
4,700
Dill et al. 1982
* = Not used in calculation of SMAV
A-4
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF BIPHENYL TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (fxg/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna LC 170-320 233.2 232.2 Gersich et al. 1989
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
A-5
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR BIPHENYL
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fig/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna 360 233.2 1.544 Gersich et al. 1989
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-6
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS MEAN ACUTE CHEMICAL BIPHENYL
VALUES AND ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (fxg/L) Species (fig/L) Chronic Ratio
Bluegill,
3 4,700 Lepomis macrochirus 4,700
Rainbow trout,
2 1,500 Oncorhvnchus mvkiss 1,500
Cladoceran,
1 869.5 Daphnia magna 869.5 1.544
A-7
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY
CHEMICAL BIPHENYL
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 2:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3)
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6)
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _3
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = |jg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = ng/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 869.5 |a,g/L
SAF = 8.0 (from Section 2)
A-8
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL BIPHENYL
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |-ig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 869.5 = 108.7 jig/L
SAF 8.0
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 1.544, 18, 18 = 7.938
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV
= FAV =
=
M-ff/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
=
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
=
Hg/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV =
SACR
108.7 = 13.69 ue/L
7.938
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
CHEMICAL BIPHENYL
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 13.69 |_ig/L
log Kow = 3.96 (From Sam Karickhoff via John Miller, not USEPA Draft Report)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.893
Koc=10logKoc= _7816_ L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 110 (ig/g0c
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-10
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
CASRN 101-55-3
A-ll
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER CASRN 101-55-3
AQUIRE
Reference
Number Test Number*
5184 2 (Daphnid)
AQUIRE
Reference
Number Test Number*
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-12
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Accepted:
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ells, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:446-452. (ARN:5590)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
USEPA. 1978. In-depth studies on health and environmental impacts of selected water pollutants.
Contract No. 68-01-4646. (Table of data available from Charles E. Stephan, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN.)
Rejected:
None
A-13
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC
ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and
include common name, species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M =
measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(u.g/L) Acute Value Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 h
S,M
360
360
LeBlanc 1980
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile S,U
5,900
5,900 Buccafusco etal. 1981
A-14
-------
TABLE 2A. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER TO FRESHWATER AND
SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in
taxonomic order and include common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS =
early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Species
Type of
Test Chronic Limits
Chronic Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ? >89<167
121.9
121.9
USEPA 1978
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
A-15
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review.
Calculate the acute-chronic ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest
and include common name and species name; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value
and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-16
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER
CHEMICAL 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
GENUS MEAN ACUTE VALUES
AND ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ua/L)
Species Mean
Acute-
Chronic Ratio
2
5,900
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
5,900
1
360
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
360
A-17
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAV CHEMICAL 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given from Section 2:
MDR Species
(1)
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3)
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6)
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _2
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = |jg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 360 |a,g/L
SAF = 13.0 (from Section 2)
A-18
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL 4-BR0M0PHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |jg/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 360 = 27.69 jig/L
SAF 13.0
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = JjS
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
M£/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 27.69 = 1.538 ue/L
SACR 18
A-19
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB CHEMICAL 4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 1.538 |_ig/L
log Kow = 5.00 (From 4/10/95 USEPA Draft Report, S.W. Karickhoff and J.M. Long)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 4.915
Koc = 10logKoc = 82220 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 130 (xg/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-20
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
CASRN 85-68-7
A-21
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE CASRN 85-68-7
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
5184 3 (Daphnid)
7884 1.4 (Daphnid)
5590 _5
15239 2 (Daphnid). 6.7
Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-22
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
Accepted:
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ells, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(4):446-452. (ARN: 5590)
Gledhill, W.E., R.G. Kaley, W.J. Adams, O. Hicks, P.R. Michael, V.W. Saeger, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1980.
An environmental safety assessment of butyl benzyl phthalate. Environ. Sci. Technol.
14(3):301-305. (ARN: 15239)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Ziegenfuss, P.S., W.J. Renaudette, and W.J. Adams. 1986. Methodology for assessing the acute toxicity
of chemicals sorbed to sediments: Testing the equilibrium partitioning theory. In T.M. Poston and
R. Purdy (eds.), Aquatic toxicology and environmental fate, 9th Vol., ASTM STP 921,
Philadelphia, PA. pp.479-493. (ARN: 7884)
Rejected:
None
A-23
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Life
Stage
<24 hr
<24 hr
Midge,
Chironomus tentans 2nd instar
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss ?
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ?
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ?
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ?
Test
Method
S,U
S,M
S,M
S,M
S,U
S,U
S,U
F,M
LC50 or EC50
(fxg/L)
92,000*
3,700
1,800
1,600
3,300
2,100
5,300
2,320
Species Mean
Acute Value
2,581
1,600
3,300
2,320
Reference
LeBlanc 1980
Gledhill et al. 1980
Ziegenfuss et al. 1986
Ziegenfuss et al. 1986
Gledhill et al. 1980
Gledhill et al. 1980
Gledhill et al. 1980
Gledhill et al. 1980
A-24
-------
TABLE 1. Continued
Life
Species Stage
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus ?
Test LC50 or EC50
Method (|i.g/L)
S,U 43,000*
S,U 1,700
*Not used in calculation of SMAV
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Buccafusco et al. 1981
1,700 Gledhill et al. 1980
A-25
-------
TABLE 2A. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC
ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Species
Type of
Test Chronic Limits
Chronic Value Species Mean
(Lig/L) Chronic Value
Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna S, M 260-760
444.5
444.5
Gledhill et al. 1980
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
A-26
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fig/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran
Daphnia magna 3,700 444.5 8.324 Gledhill et al. 1980
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-27
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER CHEMICAL BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
GENUS MEAN ACUTE VALUES
AND ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ua/L)
Species Mean
Acute-
Chronic Ratio
3,300
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
3,300
4 2,581
3 2,320
2 1,700
1 1,600
A-28
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna 2,581
8.324
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 2,320 —
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus 1,700
Midge,
Chironomus tentans 1,600
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAV CHEMICAL BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 2:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6) Chironomus tentans
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _5
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = |jg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 1.600 |ag/L
SAF = 6.1 (from Section 2)
A-29
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |jg/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 1.600 = 262.3 jig/L
SAF 6.1
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 8.324, 18, 18 = 13.92
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV
= FAV =
=
M-ff/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
=
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
=
Hg/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV =
262.3 =
18.84 fxa/L
SACR
13.92
A-30
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
CHEMICAL BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 18.84 |_ig/L
log K0„ = 4.84 (From 4/10/95 USEPA Draft Report, S.W. Karickhoff and J.M. Long)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 4.758
Koc = 10logKoc = 57279 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 1100 M.g/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-31
-------
A-32
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE
CASRN 95-50-1
A-33
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE CASRN 95-50-1
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
5184 6 (Daphnid)
863 _8
5590 _9
10579 14. 15.26
875 19
5735 20
2965 21
12858 _22
7257 23.24
6629 29
10805 32
11936 33
11926 34
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-34
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE
Accepted:
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ells, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(4):446-452. (ARN: 5590)
Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad, and J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA
priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. EPA 600/3-83-095, U.S. EPA,
Duluth, MN. (ARN: 10579)
Canton, J.H., W. Slooff, H.J. Kool, J. Strays, T.J.M. Gouw, R.C.C. Wegman, and G.J. Piet. 1985.
Toxicity, biodegrability and accumulation of a number of Cl/N-containing compounds for classification
and establishing water quality criteria. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 5:123-131 (ARN: 6629)
Curtis, M.W., T.L. Copeland, and C.H. Ward. 1978. Aquatic toxicity of substances proposed for spill
prevention regulation. In Proc. Natl. Conf. Control of Hazardous Material Spills, Miami Beach, FL,
pp. 93-103. (ARN: 5735)
Dawson, G.W., A.L. Jennings, D. Drozdowski, and E. Rider. 1977. The acute toxicity of 47 industrial
chemicals to fresh and saltwater fishes. J. Hazard. Mater. 1 (4):303-318. (ARN: 863)
Geiger, D.L., S.H. Poirier, L.T. Brooke, and D.J. Call. 1986. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to
fathead minnows (Pimephalespromelas), Vol. 3. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies,
University ofWisconsin, Superior, WI. (ARN: 12858; contains data also found in 10183, 15823)
Hermens, J., H. Canton, P. Janssen, and R. De Long. 1984. Quantitative structure-activity relationships
and toxicity studies of mixtures of chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute lethal and sublethal
toxicity to DaphniaMagna. Aquat. Toxicol. 5:143-154.
Kuehn, R., M. Pattard, K. Pernak, and A. Winter. 1989. Results of the harmful effects of water pollutants
to Daphnia magna in the 21-day reproduction test. Water Res. 23(4):501-520. (ARN: 847)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Sijm, D.T.H.M., M. Schipper, and A. Opperhuizen. 1993. Toxicokinetics of halogenated benzenes in
fish: Lethal body burden as a toxicological end point. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12:1117-1127. (ARN:
7257)
USEPA. 1978. In-depth studies on health and environmental impacts of selected water pollutants.
Contract no. 68-01-4646. (Table of data available from Charles E. Stephan, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN.)
A-35
-------
REFERENCES, Continued.
Rejected:
Abernethy, S., A.M. Bobra, W.Y. Shiu, P.G. Wells, and D. MacKay. 1986. Acute lethal toxicity of
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to two planktonic crustaceans: The key role of
organism-water partitioning. Aquat. Toxicol. 8(3): 163-174. (ARN: 11926, published in part as 11936)
Bobra, A.M., W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay. 1983. A predictive correlation for the acute toxicity of
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to the water flea (Daphnia magna). Chemosphere
12(9-10): 1121-1129. (ARN: 11936)
Bobra, A., W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay. 1985. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the acute
toxicity of chlorobenzenes to Daphnia magna. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4(3):297-305. (ARN: 10805)
Curtis, M.W., T.L. Copeland, and C.H. Ward. 1979. Acute toxicity of 12 industrial chemicals to
freshwater and saltwater organisms. Water Res. 13(2): 137-141. (ARN: 875)
Curtis, M.W., and C.H. Ward. 1981. Aquatic toxicity of forty industrial chemicals: Testing in support of
hazardous substance spill prevention regulation. J. Hydrol. 51:359-367. (ARN: 2965)
A-36
-------
TABLE 1.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna?
Life
Stage
S,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna<24-hour
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna<2-day S,U
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkissiuvenile
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 3-month
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ?
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 32-day
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Test
Method
2,200
s,u
3,752
Midge,
Tanvtarsus dissimilis 3rd or 4th S,U
instar
3-month
F,M
S,M
S,M
S,M
S,M
LC50 or EC50
(fxg/L)
2,400
12,000
1,580
6,027*
5,700
9,470
4,793"
2,706
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Canton etal. 1978
LeBlanc 1980
Hermens et al. 1984
12,000
1,580
6,877
4,793
Call etal. 1983
Call etal. 1983
Sijmetal. 1993
Curtis etal. 1978
Geigeretal. 1985
Sijmetal. 1993
A-37
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Life Test LC50orEC50
Species Stage Method (fxg/L)
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile S,U 5,600
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile S,U 27,000
Converted from 41.0 |a,mol/L x mol x 147.01 g x 106 fxg
106 |a,mol mol g
|! Converted from 32.6 |a,mol/L x mol x 147.01 g x 106 ug
106 |a,mol mol g
A-38
Species Mean
Acute Value Reference
Buccafusco et al. 1981
12,296 Dawson et al. 1977
6,027 |jg/L
4,793 (xg/L
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (fxg/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna LC
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ?
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
not given 0.63 NOEC Kuhn et al. 1989
1600-2500 2000 2000 USEPA 1978
A-39
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fxg/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-40
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (ug/L) Species (ug/L) Chronic Ratio
Bluegill,
6 12,296 Lepomis macrochirus 12,296 —
Midge,
5 12,000 Tanvtarsus dissimilis 12,000 —
Fathead minnow,
4 6,877 Pimephales promelas 6,877 —
Guppy,
3 4,793 Poecilia reticulata 4,793 —
Cladoceran,
2 2,706 Daphnia magna 2,706 —
Rainbow trout,
1 1,580 Oncorhvnchus mvkiss 1,580 —
A-41
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAV CHEMICAL 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 2:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6) Tanvtarsus dissimilis
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _5
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = |jg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 1.580 |a,g/L
SAF = 6.1 (from Section 2)
A-42
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL 1.2-DICHL0R0BENZENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |-ig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 1.580 = 259.0 jig/L
SAF 6.1
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = 18
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
M£/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 259.0 = 14.39 ue/L
SACR 18
A-43
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
CHEMICAL 1.2-DICHLOROBENZENE
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 14.39 |_ig/L
log Kow = 3.43 (From 4/10/95 USEPA Draft Report, S.W. Karickhoff and J.M. Long)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.372
Koc=10logKoc= _2355_ L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 34 ng/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-44
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
1.3 -DICHLOROBENZENE
CASRN 541-73-1
A-45
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL 1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE CASRN 541-73-1
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
847 2 (Daphnid)
12124 3.5. 12
5184 7 (Daphnid)
15981 8. 9. 17. & 18 (Daphnids)
5675 10 (Daphnid)
10183 _LL
12858 J_3
6629 15 (Daphnid)
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-46
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL 1.3 -DICHLOROBENZENE
Accepted:
Broderius, S., and M. Kahl. 1985. Acute toxicity of organic chemical mixtures to the fathead minnow.
Aquatic Toxicol. 6:307-322.
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ellis, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Leomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:446-452. (ARN: 5590)
Canton, J.H., W. Slooff, H.J. Kool, J. Strays, T.J.M. Gouw, R.C.C. Wegman, and G.J. Piet. 1985.
Toxicity, biodegrability and accumulation of a number of Cl/N-containing compounds for classification
and establishing water quality criteria. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 5:123-131. (ARN: 6629)
Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad, and J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms.
EPA-600/3-83-095. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Duluth, MN. (ARN: 10579)
Carlson, A.R. and P.A. Kosian. 1987. Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes to fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16(2): 129-135. (ARN: 12124)
Geiger, D.L., S.H. Poirier, L.T. Brooke, and D.J. Call. 1986. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to
fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), Vol. 3. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies,
University of Wisconsin, Superior, WI. (ARN: 12858, contains data also found in 10183, 15823)
Hermens, J., H. Canton, N. Steyger, and R. Wegman. 1984. Joint effects of a mixture of 14 chemicals on
mortality and inhibition of reproduction of Daphnia magna. Aquat. Toxicol. 5(4):315-322. (ARN:
5675)
Kuehn, R., M. Pattard, K. Pernak, and A. Winter. 1989. Results of the harmful effects of water pollutants
to Daphnia magna in the 21-day reproduction test. Water Res. 23(4):501 -510. (ARN: 847)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Richter, J.E., S.F. Peterson, and C.F. Kleiner. 1983. Acute and chronic toxicity of some chlorinated
benzenes, chlorinated ethanes, and tetrachloroethylene to Daphnia magna. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 12(6):679-684. (ARN: 15981)
Rejected:
None
A-47
-------
TABLE 1.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF 1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(fxg/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna<24h S,M
1,700
Hermens et al. 1984
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna<24h S,M
7,400
Richteretal. 1983
Cladoceran
Daphnia magna<24h S,M
6,800
Canton etal. 1985
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna<24h S,U
28,000
LeBlanc 1980
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna<24h S,M
7,230
7,042
Call etal. 1983
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas juvenile
F,M
9,120
Broderius and Kahl 1985
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas juvenile
F,M
7,800
Carlson and Kosian 1987
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas juvenile
F,M
,030
8,297
Geigeretal. 1986
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile
S,U
5,000
5,000
Buccafusco et al. 1981
A-48
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF 1.3 -DICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Species
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Test Chronic Limits (fxg/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magnaLC 690-1500
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magnaLC not reported
Fathead minnow
Pimephales promelas ELS 1000-2300
1,017
800 NOEC
902.0
Richteretal. 1983
Kuhnetal. 1989
1,517
1,517
Carlson and Kosian 1987
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
A-49
-------
TABLE 2B. ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR 1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fig/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna 7,400 1,017 7.276 Richter et al. 1983
Fathead minnow
Pimephales promelas 7800 1,517 5.142 Carlson and Kosian 1987
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-50
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL 1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (ug/L) Species (ug/L) Chronic Ratio
Fathead minnow,
3 8,297 Pimephales promelas 8,297 5.142
Cladoceran,
2 7,042 Daphnia magna 7,042 7.276
Bluegill,
1 5,000 Lepomis macrochirus 5,000 —
A-51
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY
CHEMICAL 1.3 -DICHLOROBENZENE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 2:
MDR Species
(1)
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6)
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _3
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = |jg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = ng/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 5.000 |ag/L
SAF = 8.0 (from Section 2)
A-52
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL 1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |-ig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 5.000 = 625.0 jig/L
SAF 8.0
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 7.276, 5.142, 18 = 8.765
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV
= FAV =
M-ff/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
Hg/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 625.0 = 71.31 ue/L
SACR 8.765
A-53
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
CHEMICAL 1.3 -DICHLOROBENZENE
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 71.31 |_ig/L
log Kow = 3.43 (Arithmetic mean of log Kows from 4/10/95 USEPA Draft Report, S.W. Karickhoff
and J.M. Long, for 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, as per EPA/ORD-Duluth)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.372
Koc = 10log Koc = 2355 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESBoc is in |_ig/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 170 (xg/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-54
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE
CASRN 106-46-7
A-55
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE CASRN 106-46-7
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
4072 7. 16.21
847 8 (Daphnid)
12124 9. 10. 15.50
140 12. 13. 14.29.30
5184 23 (Daphnid)
10579 36.54
5735 42.43
875 44
2965 _45
10183 _46
10432 47.48.49
7257 51.52
6629 56 (Daphnid)
10712 37
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-56
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE
Accepted:
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ellis, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Leomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:446-452. (ARN: 5590)
Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad, and J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA
priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. EPA 600/3-83-095, U.S. EPA,
Duluth, MN. (ARN: 10579)
Canton, J.H., W. Slooff, H.J. Kool, J. Strays, T.J.M. Gouw, R.C.C. Wegman, and G.J. Piet. 1985.
Toxicity, biodegrability and accumulation of a number of Cl/N-containing compounds for classification
and establishing water quality criteria. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 5:123-131. (ARN: 6629)
Carlson, A.R., and P.A. Kosian. 1987. Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes to fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16(2): 129-135. (ARN: 12124)
Curtis, M.W., T.L. Copeland, and C.H. Ward. 1978. Aquatic toxicity of substances proposed for spill
prevention regulation. In Proc. Natl. Conf. Control of Hazardous Material Spills, Miami Beach, FL,
April 11-13, 1978, pp. 93-103. (ARN: 5735)
Curtis, M.W., T.L. Copeland, and C.H. Ward. 1979. Acute toxicity of 12 industrial chemicals to
freshwater and saltwater organisms. Water Res. 13(2): 137-141. (ARN: 875)
Curtis, M.W., and C.H. Ward. 1981. Aquatic toxicity of forty industrial chemicals: testing in support of
hazardous substance spill prevention regulation. J. Hydrol. 51:359-367 (ARN: 2965)
Kuehn, R., M. Pattard, K. Pernak, and A. Winter. 1989. Results of the harmful effects of water pollutants
to Daphnia magna in the 21 -day reproduction test. Water Res. 23 (4): 5 01 -510. (ARN: 847)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Mayes, M.A., H.C. Alexander, and D.C. Dill. 1983. A study to assess the influence of age on the
response of fathead minnows in static acute toxicity tests. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
31(2): 139-147. (ARN: 10432)
Roghair, C.J., A. Buijze, E.S.E. Yedema, and J.L.M. Hermens. 1994. A QSAR for base-line toxicity to
the midge Chironomus riparius. Chemosphere 28(5):989-997. (ARN: 4072)
A-57
-------
REFERENCES (continued)
Sijm, D.T.H.M., M. Schipper, and A. Opperhuizen. 1993. Toxicokinetics of halogenated benzenes in
fish: Lethal body burden as a toxicological end point. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12:1117-1127. (ARN:
7257)
Smith, A.D., A. Bharath, C. Mallard, D. Orr, K. Smith, J.A.Sutton, J.Vukmanich, L.S.McCarty, and
G.W.Ozburn. 1991. The acute and chronic toxicity often clorinated organic compounds to the
American flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20(1):94-102. (ARN: 140)
Veith, G.D., D.J. Call, and L.T. Brooke. 1983. Estimating the acute toxicity of narcotic industrial
chemicals to fathead minnows. In W.E. Bishop, R.D. Cardwell, and B.B. Heidolph (eds.), Aquatic
Toxicology and Hazard Assessment, 6th Symposium, ASTM STP 802, Philadelphia, PA:90-97 (ARN:
10183, most LC50 data published as 12448, 12447, 12858, 12859, 3217)
Rejected:
Calamari, D., S. Galassi, and F. Setti. 1982. Evaluating the hazard of organic substances on aquatic life:
The paradichlorobenzene example. Ecoioxicol. Environ. Saf. 6(4):369-378. (ARN: 10712, accepted
except as noted)
A-58
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Midge,
Chironomus riparius
Midge,
Tanvtarsus dissimilis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Life
Stage
<24h
<24h
3rd instar
3rd-4th
instar
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,M
F,M
S,M
S,U
S,M
R,M
LC50 or EC50
(|-ig/L)
2,200
11,000
12,000
13,000
1,120
30,000
34,500
2,400
2,852*
Species Mean
Acute Value
4,920
12,000
13,000
1,120
Reference
Canton etal. 1985
LeBlanc 1980
Roghairetal. 1994
Call etal. 1983
Call etal. 1983
Curtis and Ward 1981
Curtis etal. 1978
Curtis etal. 1979
Sijmetal. 1993
A-59
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Life
Stage
juvenile
fry
subadult
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,U
s,u
s,u
F,M
F,M
R,M
F,M
R,M
juvenile S,U
LC50 or EC50
(|-ig/L)
14,200
3,600
11,700
4,000
4,200
Species Mean
Acute Value
4,480
2,053
2,896**
4,300
4,090
2,053
2,896
4,300
"Converted from 19.4 |a,mol/L x mol x 147.01 g x 106 ug = 2,852 |ag/L
106 |a,mol mol g
Converted from 19.7 fxmol/Lx mol x 147.01 g x 106 ug = 2,896 |ag/L
106 |a,mol mol g
Reference
Mayes etal. 1983
Mayes etal. 1983
Mayes etal. 1983
Veith et al. 1983
Carlson and Kosian 1987
Smith etal. 1991
Smith etal. 1991
Sijmetal. 1993
Buccafusco et al. 1981
A-60
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (fxg/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magnaLC not reported 500NOEC 500 Kuhn et al. 1989
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ELS 570-1000 760 760 Carlson and Kosian 1987
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
A-61
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fxg/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 4,200 760 5.53 Carlson and Kosian 1987
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-62
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (ug/L) Species (ug/L) Chronic Ratio
Midge,
8 13,000 Tanvtarsus dissimilis 13,000 —
Midge,
7 12,000 Chironomus riparius 12,000 —
Cladoceran,
6 4,920 Daphnia magna 4,920 —
Bluegill,
5 4,300 Lepomis macrochirus 4,300 —
Fathead minnow,
4 4,090 Pimephales promelas 4,090 5.53
Guppy,
3 2,896 Poecilia reticulata 2,896 —
Flagfish,
2 2,053 Jordanella floridae 2,053 —
Rainbow trout,
1 1,120 Oncorhvnchus mvkiss 1,120 —
A-63
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAV CHEMICAL 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6) Chironomus tentans
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _5
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = |jg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = |Jg/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 1.120 |a,g/L
SAF = 6.1 (from Section 3)
A-64
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL 1.4-DICHL0R0BENZENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |jg/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 1.120 = 183.6 jig/L
SAF 6.1
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 5.53, 18, 18 = 12.15
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV
= FAV =
M-ff/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
Hg/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 183.6 = 15.11 ue/L
SACR 12.15
A-65
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
CHEMICAL 1.4-DICHLOROBENZENE
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 15.11 |_ig/L
log Kow = 3.42 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.362
Koc=10logKoc= 2301 L/kgnr
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 35 ng/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-66
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
HEXACHLOROETHANE
CASRN 67-72-1
A-67
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL HEXACHLOROETHANE
CASRN 67-72-1
AQUIRE
Reference
Number
10755
5876
12004
11181
5184
15981
10579
5876
11227
12447
12258
15981
Test Number*
1.3. 18. 25.35.39. 48
2. 13. 17. 24.33.38
4. 11 (Daphnid). 14. 19.
20. 26. 36. 40. 52. 53.
55, 56, 60
5. 10 & 12 (Daphnids). 57
7 (Daphnid)
8 & 9 (Daphnids)
34, 58
47, 54, 59, 63
49
50, 51
62. 64 & 67 (Daphnids)
65 & 66 (Daphnids)
AQUIRE
Reference
Number
Test Number*
Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-68
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL HEXACHLOROETHANE
Accepted:
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ells, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:446-452. (ARN:5590)
Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad, and J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA
priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. EPA 600/3-83-095, U.S. EPA,
Duluth, MN. (ARN: 10579)
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986. Relative sensitivity of three daphnid species
to selected organic and inorganic chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5(4):393-398. (ARN: 12258)
Geiger, D.L., C.E. Northcutt, D.J. Call, and L.T. Brooke. 1985. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to
fathead minnows (Pimephalespromelas), Vol. 2. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies,
University of Wisconsin, Superior, WI:326 p. (ARN: 12447, contains data also found in 10183, 15823)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Mount, D.I., and T.J. Norberg. 1984. A seven-day life-cycle cladoceran toxicity test. Environ. Toxicol.
Chem. 3(3):425-434 (ARN: 11181)
Phipps, G.L., and G.W. Holcombe. 1985. A method for aquatic multiple species toxicant testing: Acute
toxicity of 10 chemicals to 5 vertebrates and 2 invertebrates. Environ. Pollut. Ser. A Ecol. Biol.
38(2): 141-157 (ARN: 10775)
Richter, J.E., S.F. Peterson, and C.F. Kleiner. 1983. Acute and chronic toxicity of some chlorinated
benzenes, chlorinated ethanes, and tetrachloroethylene to Daphnia magna.
Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12(6):679-684. (ARN: 15981)
Thurston, R.V., T.A. Gilfoil, E.L. Meyn, R.K. Zajdel, T.L. Aoki, and G.D. Veith. 1985. Comparative
toxicity of ten organic chemicals to ten common aquatic species. WaterRes. 19(9): 1145-1155. (ARN:
12004)
Walbridge, C.T., J.T. Fiandt, G.L. Phipps, and G.W. Holcombe. 1983. Acute toxicity of ten chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
12(6):661-666 (ARN: 11227)
Rejected:
Bottger, A., et. al. 1988. Belastung der Anwohner von Chemisch-Reinigungsanlegen durch
Tetrachlorethylen Vortrag: Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fir Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Kiel
9:29-30. (ARN: 5876, unavailable)
A-69
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF HEXACHLOROETHANE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
<24 h
<24 h
<24 h
<24 h
<24 h
Life
Stage
<4 h
<24 h
S,U
s,u
S,M
S*,M
S,U
<24 h
<24 h
Test
Method
S,U
s,u
,070
2,700
2,100
1,360
10,000
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50
(fxg/L)
3,300
6,800
Species Mean
Acute Value
>10,000
13,000
4,737
LeBlanc 1980
Reference
Mount and Norberg 1984
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Mount and Norberg 1984
Call et al. 1983, Richter et al. 1983
Thurston et al. 1985
3,621 Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Mount and Norberg 1984
11,400 Elnabaraway et al. 1986
A-70
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vertulus
Midge,
Tanvtarsus dissimilis
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Life Test LC50 or EC50
Stage Method (fxg/L)
<24 h S,U 5,800
3rd and
4th instar S*,M 1,230
? F,M 2,100
? F,M 2,700
adult F,M 2,100
juvenile F,M 1,180
? F,M 970
? F,M 2,100
juvenile F,M 1,420
juvenile F,M 1,390
A-71
Species Mean
Acute Value Reference
5,800 Mount and Norberg 1984
1,230 Thurston et al. 1985
Phipps and Holcombe 1985
2,381 Thurston et al. 1985
2,100 Phipps and Holcombe 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
1,070 Phipps and Holcombe 1985
Phipps and Holcombe 1985
1,727 Thurston et al. 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Mosquitofish,
Gambusia affinis
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Life Test
Stage Method
juvenile F,M
32 d S,M
44 d S,M
? F,M
30-35 d F,M
? F,M
juvenile F,M
juvenile F,M
juvenile F,M
? S,U
TABLE 1. Continued.
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|i.g/L) Acute Value Reference
1,100 Thurston et al. 1985
1,530 Geiger et al. 1985
1,320 Geiger etal. 1985
1,230 Phipps and Holcombe 1985
1,510 1,298 Walbridge etal. 1983
1,520 Phipps and Holcombe 1985
2,360 Thurston et al. 1985
1,770 1,852 Thurston et al. 1985
1,380 1,380 Thurston et al. 1985
980 Buccafusco et al. 1981
A-72
-------
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Frog,
Rana catesbiana
Frog,
Rana catesbiana
? F,M
juvenile F,M
tadpole F,M
tadpole F,M
* Sealed containers.
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(Lig/L) Acute Value
970
856 911.2
3,180
2,440 2,786
Reference
Phipps and Holcombe 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
A-73
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF HEXACHLOROETHANE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (fxg/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
A-74
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR HEXACHLOROETHANE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fxg/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-75
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL HEXACHLOROETHANE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (ug/L) Species (ug/L) Chronic Ratio
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex 11,400 —
Cladoceran,
13 6,425 Daphnia magna 3,621 —
Cladoceran,
12 5,800 Simocephalus vertulus 5,800 -
Cladoceran,
11 4,737 Ceriodaphnia reticulata 4,737 -
Frog,
10 2,786 Rana catesbiana 2,786 —
Crayfish,
9 2,381 Orconectes immunis 2,381 —
Snail,
8 2,100 Aptexa hypnorum 2,100 —
Channel catfish,
7 1,852 Ictalurus punctatus 1,852 -
Goldfish,
6 1,727 Carassius auratus 1,727 -
Mosquitofish,
5 1,380 Gambussia affinis 1,380 —
Fathead minnow,
4 1,298 Pimephales promelas 1,298 —
Midge,
3 1,230 Tanvtarsus dissimilus 1,230 -
Rainbow trout,
2 1,070 Oncorhvnchus mvkiss 1,070 —
Bluegill,
1 911.2 Lepomis macrochirus 911.2 —
A-76
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY
CHEMICAL HEXACHLOROETHANE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
(2) Ictalurus punctatus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Ceriodaphnia reticulata
(5) Orconectes immunis
(6) Tanvtarsus dissimilus
(7) Aplexa hvpnorum
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAY MDRs SATISFIED = 7
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs
Four lowest GMAVs
(xg/L
(xg/L
(xg/L
(xg/L
FAV
(xg/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV
911.2 ixg/L
SAF
4.3 (from Section 3)
A-77
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL HEXACHLOROETHANE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = |-ig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 911.2 = 211.9 jig/L
SAF 4.3
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = 18
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ufi/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
M£/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 211.9 = 11.77 ue/L
SACR 18
A-78
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB CHEMICAL HEXACHLOROETHANE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 11.77 |_ig/L
log Kow = 4.00 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.932
Koc = 10logKoc = 8551 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 100 |ig/g0c
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-79
-------
This page left blank intentionally.
A-80
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
MALATHION
CASRN 121-75-5
A-81
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL MALATHION
CASRN 121-75-5
AQUIRE
Reference
Number
Test Number*
AQUIRE
Reference
Number
Test Number*
995
7. 8. 9. 11. 12. 446
2085
463-465
640
17. 20. 36. 468. 469.
942
466. 555
545.546
966
497
883
22. 23
964
502. 503. 506. 511. 578.
2238
75. 81. 82.218.219
579
2667
76.215
887
522. 532. 533
2891
91.212
7775
540
610
96. 135. 142. 143.165.
528
565
166. 170. 176. 180. 190.
672
597
206. 220
5194
620 (Daphnid)
2893
161.203.204. 209
2160
554
528
228. 384. 408. 430
888
635. 640. 641
859
232. 354. 390. 458.
492. 498. 552
887
261.400-402
563
284. 285
889
329. 561. 566
885
409
Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-82
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL MALATHION
Accepted:
Bailey, H.C., and D.H.W. Liu. 1980. Lumbriculus variegatus, a benthic oligochaete, as a bioassay
organism. In J.C. Eaton, P.R. Parrish, and A.C. Hendricks (eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard
Assessment, 3rd Symposium, ASTM STP 707, Philadelphia, PA, pp.205-215. (ARN: 6502)
Bender, M.E., and J.R. Westman. 1976. The toxicity of malathion and its hydrolysis products to the
eastern mudminnow, Umbrapygmaea (DeKay). Chesapeake Sci. 17(2): 125-128. (ARN: 672)
Beyers, D.W., T.J. Keefe, and C.A. Carlson. 1994. Toxicity of carbaryl and malathion to two federally
endangered fishes, as estimated by regression and ANOVA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
13(1): 101-107. (ARN: 13270)
Cheah, M.L., J.W. Avault, Jr., and J.B. Graves. 1980. Some effects of rice pesticides on crawfish.
Louisiana Agricul. 23:8-11.
Desi, I., G. Dura, L. Gonczi, Z. Kneffel, A. Strohmayer, and Z. Szabo. 1976. Toxicity of malathion to
mammals, aquatic organisms and tissue culture cells. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
3(4):410-425. (ARN: 2160)
Dortland, R.J. 1980. Toxicological evaluation of parathion and azinphosmethyl in freshwater model
ecosystems. Versl. Landbouwkd. Onderz 898:1-112. (ARN: 6449, author communication used)
Geiger, D.L., D.J. Call, and L.T. Brooke. 1988. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to fathead minnows
(Pimephalespromelas), Vol. 4. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of
Wisconsin, Superior, WI. (ARN: 12859, contains data also found in 10183, 15823)
Hansen, D.J., and P.R. Parrish. 1977. Suitability of sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) for
life-cycle toxicity tests. In F.L.Mayer and J.L.Hamelink (eds.), Aquatic toxicology and hazard
evaluation, 1st Symposium, ASTM STP 634, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 117-126. (ARN: 5074)
Hermanutz, R.O., J.G. Eaton, and L.H. Mueller. 1985. Toxicity of endrin and malathion mixtures to
flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14:307-314.
Hermens, J., H. Canton, N. Steyger, and R. Wegman. 1984. Joint effects of a mixture of 14 chemicals on
mortality and inhibition of reproduction of Daphnia magna. Aquat. Toxicol. 5(4):315-322 (ARN:
5675)
Marking, L.L., T.D. Bills, and J.R. Crowther. 1984. Effects of five diets on sensitivity of rainbow trout to
eleven chemicals. Prog. Fish-Cult. 46(1): 1-5. (ARN: 10656)
A-83
-------
REFERENCES, Continued.
Marking, L.L., and V.K. Dawson. 1975. Methods for assessment of toxicity or efficacy of mixtures of
chemicals. Investigations in fish control no. 67. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service, Washington, DC.
Mayer, F.L., Jr., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of acute toxicity: Interpretation and data base for
410 chemicals and 66 species offreshwater animals. Resource Pub. 160. U.S. Department of the
Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
McKim, J.M., P.K. Schmieder, G.J. Niemi, R.W. Carlson, and T.R. Henry. 1987. Use of
respiratory-cardiovascular responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in identifying acute
toxicity syndromes in fish. Part 2. Malathion, carbaryl, acrolein, and benzaldehyde. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 6:313-328. (ARN: 12182)
Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer. 1985. Sensitivity of young striped bass to organic and inorganic
contaminants in fresh and saline waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753. (ARN: 11334)
Parrish, P.R., E.E. Dyar, M.A. Lindberg, C.M. Sanika, and J.M. Enos. 1977. Chronic toxicity of
methoxychlor, malathion, and carbofuran to sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). PB
272 101 or EPA-600/3-77-059. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Rejected:
Ankley, G.T., J.R. Dierkes, D.A. Jensen, and G.S. Peterson. 1991. Piperonyl butoxide as atool in aquatic
toxicological research with organophosphate insecticides. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
21(3):266-274. (ARN: 821)
Birge, W.J., J.A. Black, and D.M. Bruser. 1979. Toxicity of organic chemicals to embryo-larval stages of
fish. Ecol. Res. Ser. EPA-560/11-79-007. Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environ. Prot.
Agency, Washington, DC. (ARN: 563)
Carter, F.L., and J.B. Graves. 1972. Measuring effects of insecticides on aquatic animals. La. Agric.
16(2): 14-15. (ARN: 942)
Douglas, M.T., D.O. Chanter, I.B. Pell, and G.M. Burney. 1986. A proposal for the reduction of animal
numbers required for the acute toxicity to fish test (LC50 determination). Aquat. Toxicol.
8(4):243-249. (ARN: 12210)
Eaton, J.G. 1970. Chronic malathion toxicity to the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafmcsque). Water
Res. 4(10):673-684. (ARN: 640)
Federle, P.F., and W.J. Collins. 1976. Insecticide toxicity to three insects from Ohio ponds. Ohio J. Sci.
76(1): 19-24. (ARN: 7775)
A-84
-------
REFERENCES, Continued.
Gaufin, A.R., L.D. Jensen, A.V. Nebeker, T. Nelson, and R.W. Teel. 1965. The toxicity of ten organic
insecticides to various aquatic invertebrates. Water Sewage Works 12:276-279. (ARN: 528)
Hansen, C.R., Jr., and J.A. Kawatski. 1976. Application of 24-hour post exposure observation to acute
studies with invertebrates. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33:1198-1201.
Hoick, A.R., and C.L. Meek. 1987. Dose-mortality responses of crawfish and mosquitoes to selected
pesticides. J.Am.Mosq. Control Assoc. 3(3):407-411. (ARN: 12810)
Jensen, L.D., and A.R. Gaufin. 1964a. Effects of ten organic insecticides on two species of stonefly
naiads. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93(l):27-34. (ARN: 2667)
Jensen, L.D., and A.R. Gaufin. 1964b. Long-term effects of organic insecticides on two species of
stonefly naiads. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93(4):357-363. (ARN: 2238)
Kennedy, H.D., and D.F. Walsh. 1970. Effects of malathion on two warmwater fishes and aquatic
invertebrates in ponds. Tech. pap. no. 55, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S.
Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Liong, P.C, W.P. Hamzah, and V. Murugan. 1988. Toxicity of some pesticides towards freshwater fishes.
Fish. Bull. Dep. Fish. (Malays.) No. 57:13 p. (ARN: 3296)
Maas, J.L. 1982. Toxicity of pesticides. Report No. 82-15. Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Institute for
Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment. (DUTCH) (ARN: 5370, unavailable)
Mount, D.I., and C.E. Stephan. 1967. A method for establishing acceptable toxicant limits for
fish—Malathion and the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 96(2): 185-193.
(ARN: 883)
Norland, R.L., M.S. Mulla, F.W. Pelsue, and T. Ikeshoji. 1974. Conventional and new insecticides for the
control of chironomid midges. P roc. Ann. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 42:181-183.
Pickering, Q.H., C. Henderson, and A.E. Lemke. 1962. The toxicity of organic phosphorus insecticides to
different species of warmwater fishes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 91:175-184. (ARN: 2893)
Post, G., and T.R. Schroeder. 1971. Toxicity of four insecticides to four salmonid species. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 6(2): 144-155. (ARN: 964)
Rehwoldt, R.E., E. Kelley, and M. Mahoney. 1977. Investigations into the acute toxicity and some
chronic effects of selected herbicides and pesticides on several fresh water fish species. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18(3):361-365 (ARN: 859)
A-85
-------
REFERENCES, Continued.
Santharam, K.R., B. Thayumanavan, and S. Krishnaswamy. 1976. Toxicity of some insecticides to
Daphnia carinata King, an important link in the food chain in the freshwater ecosystems. Indian
J. Ecol. 3(l):70-73 (ARN: 5194)
Verma, S.R., I.P. Tonk, and R.C. Dalela. 1981. Determination of the maximum acceptable toxicant
cncentration (MATC) and the safe concentration for certain aquatic pollutants. Acta Hydrochim.
Hydrobiol. 9(3):247-254. (ARN: 10385)
Villar, D., M.H. Li, and D.J. Schaeffer. 1993. Toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides to Dugesia
dorotocephala. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 51:80-87. (ARN: 6817)
Wellborn, T.L., Jr. 1971. Toxicity of some compounds to striped bass fingerlings. Prog. Fish-Cult.
33(l):32-36. (ARN: 966)
Whitten, B.K., and C.J. Goodnight. 1966. Toxicity of some common insecticides to tubificids. J. Water
Pollut. Control Fed. 38:227-235.
A-86
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF MALATHION TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Worm,
Lumbriculus varicgatus ?
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna < 24 hr
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna < 24 hr
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna <1 day
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Life
Stage
S,U
s,u
s,u
S,M
1st instar S,U
Test LC50 or EC50
Method (fxg/L)
20,500
2.1
2.2
33
1.0
1st instar S,U
1st instar S,U
1st instar S,U
1st instar S,U
1.*
0.59
3.5
6.2
Species Mean
Acute Value
20,500
Reference
Bailey and Liu 1980
Dortland 1980
Dortland 1980
Hermens et al. 1984
3.514
li
2.339
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
TABLE 1. Continued
A-87
-------
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
Ostracod,
Cvpridopsis vidua
Isopod,
Ascellus brevicaudus
Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Prawn,
Palaeomonetes kadiakensis
Prawn,
Palaeomonetes kadiakensis
Prawn,
Palaeomonetes kadiakensis
Crayfish,
Oronectes nais
Crayfish,
Oronectes nais
mature S,U
mature S,U
mature S,U
mature S,U
mature F,U
mature S,U
mature S,U
mature F,U
early instar S,U
mature S,U
TABLE 1. Continued
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(Lig/L) Acute Value Reference
47 47 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
3,000 3,000 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.76 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.90 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.50 0.6993 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
32 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
90 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
12 32.57 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
180 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
>10,000* 180 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
A-88
-------
Species
Life
Staae
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(l-is/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Red swamp crawfish,
Procambarus clarkii
?
S,U
50,000
50,000
Cheahetal. 1980
Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
2nd year
class
s,u
2.8
2.8
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Stonefly,
Isooerla sd.
naiad
s,u
0.69
0.69
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
1st year
class
s,u
8.8
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
1st year
class
s,u
6.2
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
2nd year
class
s,u
1.1
3.915
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Stonefly,
Pteronarcvs californica
2nd year
class
s,u
10
10
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Damselfly,
Lestes congener
early
instar
s,u
10
10
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Caddisfly,
Hvdropsvche sd.
early
instar
s,u
5
5
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Caddisfly,
Limnephilus sp.
late
instar
s,u
1.3
1.3
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
TABLE 1. Continued
Life
Test
LC50 or EC50
A-89
Species Mean
-------
Species
Stage
Method
(ug/L)
Acute Value
Reference
Snipe fly,
Atherix variceata
late
instar
S,U
385
385
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
juvenile
s,u
280
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
juvenile
s,u
270
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
juvenile
s,u
174
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Cutthroat trout,
Onchorhvnchus clarki
juvenile
s,u
237
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
juvenile
s,u
230
235.0
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Coho salmon,
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
juvenile
s,u
170
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Coho salmon,
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
juvenile
s,u
177
173.5
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
?
s,u
160
McKim et al., 1987
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
?
s,u
190
Marking et al. 1984
TABLE 1. Continued
Species
Life
Staae
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
A-90
-------
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
TABLE 1. Continued
? S,U
? s,u
? s,u
? s,u
? ? ?
• ? •
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
Life
Species Stage
Test
Method
200 Marking et al. 1984
191 Marking et al. 1984
234 Marking et al. 1984
111 Marking et al. 1984
70.0 Marking and Dawson 1975
200 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
138 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
80 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
66 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
100 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|i.g/L) Acute Value Reference
A-91
-------
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namavcush
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namavcush
Eastern mudminnow,
Umbra pvgmaca
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Bonytail,
Gila elegans
Colorado squawfish,
Ptvchocheilus lucius
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
1 d
22 d
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
S,M
s,u
s,u
R,M
R,M
TABLE 1. Continued
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
Fathead minnow,
4.1** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
94 129.5 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
101 101 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
76 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
142 103.9 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
240 240 Bender and Westman 1976
10,700 10,700 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
6,590 6,590 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
15,300 15,300 Beyers etal. 1994
9,140 9,140 Beyers et al. 1994
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(Lig/L) Acute Value Reference
A-92
-------
Pimephales promelas
29-30 d
S,M
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Black bullhead,
Ameiurus melas
Black bullhead,
Ameiurus melas
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cvanellus
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
56 d
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
S,M
s,u
juvenile S,U
TABLE 1. Continued
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cvanellus
juvenile S,U
14,100 Geigeretal. 1988
8,650 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
11,000 11,030 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
12,900 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
11,700 12,290 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
8,970 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
7,620 8,267 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
819 819 Desietal. 1976
24.5 24.5 Palawski et al. 1985
175 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|i.g/L) Acute Value Reference
170 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
A-93
-------
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cvanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
TABLE 1. Continued
Species
Redear sunfish,
Lepomis microlophus
Life
Stage
Test
Method
juvenile S,U
146 163.2 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
103 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
110 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
87 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
84 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
55 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
40 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
20 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
30 56.86 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(Lig/L) Acute Value Reference
62 62 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
A-94
-------
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Walleye,
Stizostedion vitreum
Tilapia,
Tilapia mossambica
Tilapia,
Tilapia mossambica
Fowler's toad
Bufo woodhousei fowleri
Western chorus frog
Pseudacris triseriata
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
tadpole
tadpole
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
*Not used in calculation of SMAV, more resistant life stage
**Not used in calculation of SMAV, Soap Lake strain
285 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
250 266.9 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
263 263 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
64 64 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
<2400 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
2000 2,191 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
420 420 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
200 200 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
A-95
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF MALATHION TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (fxg/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magnaLC 0.3 -0.6 0.4243 0.4243 Dortland 1980
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae ELS 13.8-18.8 16.11 16.11 Hermanutz et al. 1985
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon varicgatus ELS 4-9 6 6 Hansen and Parrish 1977, Parrish et al. 1977
A-96
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR MALATHION
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (fxg/L) (fig/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna 2.15 0.4243 5.067 Dortland 1980
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon variegatus 51 6 8.5 Hansen and Parrish 1977, Parrish et al. 1977
A-97
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
CHEMICAL MALATHION
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (ug/L) Species (ug/L) Chronic Ratio
Red swamp crawfish,
37 50,000 Procambarus clarkii 50,000 —
Worm,
36 20,500 Lumbriculus varicgatus 20,500 —
Bonytail,
35 15,300 Gila clcgans 15,300 —
Black bullhead,
34 12,290 Ameiurus melas 12,290
Fathead minnow,
33 11,030 Pimephales promelas 11,030 —
Goldfish,
32 10,700 Carassius auratus 10,700 —
Colorado squawfish,
31 9,140 Ptvchocheilus lucius 9,140 —
Channel catfish,
30 8,267 Ictalurus punctatus 8,267 —
Carp,
29 6,590 Cvprinus carpio 6,590 —
Isopod,
28 3,000 Ascellus brevicaudus 3,000 —
Tilapia,
27 2,191 Tilapia mossabica 2,191 —
Guppy,
26 819 Poecilia reticulata 819 —
Fowler's toad,
25 420 Bufo woodhousei fowleri 420 —
A-98
-------
TABLE 3. Continued.
Rank
24
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
385
Species
Snipe fly,
Atherix variegata
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-
(ug/L)
385
Chronic Ratio
23
266.9
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
266.9
22
263
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
263
21
240
Eastern mudminnow,
Umbra pygmaea
240
20
200
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
200
19
180
Crayfish,
Oronectes nais
180
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
235.0
Coho salmon,
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
173.5
18
174.1
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
129.5
17
103.9
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namavcush
103.9
16
101
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
101
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cvanellus
163.2
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
56.86
15
83.17
Redear sunfish,
Lepomis microlophus
62
14
64
Walleye,
Stizostedion vitreum
64
A-99
-------
TABLE 3. Continued.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-
(ug/L) Chronic Ratio
13
47
Ostracod,
Cvpridopsis vidua
47
12
32.57
Prawn,
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
32.57
11
24.5
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
24.5
10
10
Damselfly,
Lestes congener
10
10
Stonefly,
Pteronarcvs californica
10
Caddisfly,
Hvdropsvche sp.
3.915
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
3.915
2.8
Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
2.8
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
3.514
5.067
2.515
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
l.i
2.339
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
2.339
1.3
Caddisfly,
Limnephilus sp.
1.3
0.6993
Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
0.6993
Stonefly,
0.69 Isoperla sp.
0.69
A-100
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY
CHEMICAL MALATHION
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5) Procambarus clarkii
(6) Pteronarcella badia
(7) Lumbriculus variegatus
(8) Hvdropsvche sp.
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _8
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs
37
Four lowest GMAVs = 0.69 ug/L
0.6993 |ag/L
1.3 Ug/L
2.339 ug/L
FAV
0.8884 |jg/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV
Ug/L
SAF
(from Section 3)
A-101
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SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL MALATHION
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = 0.8884 |_ig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = |a,g/L
SAF
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 5.067, 8.5, and 18 = 9.186
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV = FAV = 0.8884 = 0.09671 jig/L
SACR 9.186
SCV = SAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV = SAV = = ng/L
SACR
A-102
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
CHEMICAL MALATHION
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 0.09671 |_ig/L
log Kow = 2.89 (From Sam Karickhoff via John Miller, not Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 2.841
Koc = 10logKoc = 693.4 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in |a,g/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |a,g/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 0.067 (xg/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL) is
calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-103
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A-104
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
METHOXYCHLOR
CASRN 72-43-5
A-105
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
AQUIRE
Reference
Nmber Test Number*
888 4. 7 & 8 (Daphnids')
666 9 (Daphnid). 30. 31.
51 (Daphnid). 42.50. 54.71.
83. 85. 87. 96. 99. 103
107. 114. 115. 119.
122. 125. 126. 128. 129
571 10.65
3590 22. 23 & 34 (Daphnids)
887 29. 48. 49
6300 _32
5070 35. 39. 55. 56. 100.
104. 105. 111. 112. 130
885 _53
11641 J3
2085 11. 78.19. 93. 94. 95
936 80
CASRN 72-43-5
AQUIRE
Reference
Number Test Number*
887 98. 102
5811 106.113
889 117.188
6502 158
2879 164
522 168. 172.176
878 179
2891 182
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-106
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
Accepted:
Hansen, D.J., and P.R. Parrish. 1977. Suitability of sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) for
life-cycle toxicity tests. In Mayer, F.L. and J.L. Hamelink (eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard
Evaluation, ASTM STP 634. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 117-
126.
Henderson, C., Q.H. Pickering, and C.M. Tarzwell. 1959. Relative toxicity of ten chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides to four species of fish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 88(l):23-32. (ARN: 878,
accepted except as noted)
Henderson, C., Q.H. Pickering, and C.M. Tarzwell. 1959b. The toxicity of organic phosphorus and
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to fish. In Trans. SecondSem. Biol. Problems Water Pollut., U.S.
Public Health Serv., Robert A. Taft Sanit. Eng. Center, Cincinnati, OH (ARN: 936)
Holdway, D.A., and D.G. Dixon. 1985. Acute toxicity of pulse-dosed methoxychlor to juvenile
American flagfish (Jordanella floridae Goode and Bean) as modified by age and food availability.
Aquat. Toxicol. 6:243-250.
Katz, M. 1961. Acute toxicity of some organic insecticides to three species of salmonids and to the
threespine stickleback. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 90(3):264-268. (AQUIRE Reference Number, ARN:
522)
Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of acute toxicity: Interpretation and database for 410
chemicals and 66 species of freshwater animals. Resource Publ. 160. U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
Oris, J.T., R.W. Winner, and M.V. Moore. 1991. A four-day survival and reproduction toxicity test for
Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10(2):217-224. (ARN: 3590)
Parrish, P.R., E.E. Dyar, M.A. Lindberg, C.M. Sanika, and J.M. Enos. 1977. Chronic toxicity of
methoxychlor, malathion, and carbofuran to sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). PB 272
101 or EPA-600/3-77-059. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Rejected:
Anderson, R.L., and D.L.Defoe. 1980. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of endrin and methoxychlor in
aquatic invertebrates and fish. Environ. Pollut. 22A(2): 111-121 (ARN: 571, author communication
used)
Bailey, H.C., and D.H.W. Liu. 1980. Lumbriculus variegatus, a benthic oligochaete, as a bioassay
organism. In J.C.Eaton, P.R.Parrish, and A.C.Hendricks (eds.), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard
Assessment, 3rd Symposium, ASTM STP 707, Philadelphia, PA:205-215. (ARN: 6502, nontoxic
concentration for this chemical LC50)
Merna, J.W., M.E. Bender, and J.R. Novy. 1972. The effects of methoxychlor on fishes. 1. Acute
toxicity and breakdown studies. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101 (2):298-301. (ARN: 5811)
A-107
-------
REFERENCES, Continued.
CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
Merna, J.W., and P.J. Eisele. 1973. The effects of methoxychlor on aquatic biota. EPA-R3-73-046. Ecol.
Res. Ser., Office of Research and Monitoring, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. NTIS PB-228643 (ARN:
5070)
Swedburg, D. 1969. Chronic toxicity of insecticides to cold-water fish. Prog. Sport Fish Res., Div. Fish.
Res., Bureau Sport Fish Wildl. 88:8-9. (ARN: 2879)
Waiwood, K.G., and P.H.Johansen. 1974. Oxygen consumption and activity of the white sucker
(Catostomus commersoni), in lethal and nonlethal levels of the organochlorine insecticide,
methoxychlor. Water Res. 8(7):401-406. (ARN: 6300)
A-108
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF METHOXYCHLOR TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R= renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Cladoceran,
aphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Copepod,
Cvpridopsis vidua
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
Isopod
Gammarus fasciatus
Isopod
Gammarus lacustris
Isopod
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Life
Stage
<12 hr
1 st instar
1 st instar
1 st instar
mature
mature
mature
mature
mature
Test
Method
S,M
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50
(ug/L)
14.1
0.78
5.0
5.6
32
34
1.9
0.8
1.0
Species Mean
Acute Value
14.1
0.78
5.291
32
34
1.9
0.£
Reference
Oris et al. 1991
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-109
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Isopod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Isopod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Isopod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Prawn,
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
Stonefly,
Pteronarcvs californica
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
Life
Stage
Test
Method
mature S,U
mature
mature
mature
immature
3-5wk
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
1st yr class S,U
2nd yr
class S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
1.3 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
1.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
3.2 1.428 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
1.05 1.05 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
0.50 0.50 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
4.95 4.95 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
1.4 1.4 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
15 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
25 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
9.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-110
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
Coho salmon,
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Life
Stage
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,U
F,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
13 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
6.2 12.22 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
66.2 66.2 Katz 1961
15.3 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
17.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
62 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
31 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
45 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
61 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-lll
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mykiss
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhvnchus tshawvtscha
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life Test
Stage Method
juvenile F,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
swimup fry S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
61 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
62.6 30.21 Katz 1961
27.9 27.9 Katz 1961
17.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
16.4 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
21.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12.2 16.40 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
19.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12.3 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-112
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life
Stage
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(ug/L) Acute Value Reference
10.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
9.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
8.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
8.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
7.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.5 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.7 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-113
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TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life
Stage
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
14.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
18.3 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
19.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12.3 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10.5 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
8.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
14 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
19 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
15 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-114
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life
Stage
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
8.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
9.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
13 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
30 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
16 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
21 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-115
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life
Stage
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
Test
Method
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
15 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
7.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
9.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
8.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
21 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-116
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life Test
Stage Method
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile F,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
eyed egg S,U
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
12 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
17 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
14 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
13 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
15 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
16 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
21 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
>50,000* Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-117
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life Test
Stage Method
eyed egg S,U
eyed egg S,U
eyed egg S,U
eyed egg S,U
eyed egg S,U
eyed egg S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value
>50,000*
10,000*
>50,000*
>50,000*
>50,000*
13.0
9.60
10.5
12.3
8.6
A-118
Reference
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Life Test
Stage Method
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
14.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
12.4 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
21.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
16.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
16.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
15.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
14.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.6 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-119
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namavcush
Life Test
Stage Method
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
swimup fry S,U
yolk-sac fry S,U
yolk-sac fry S,U
yolk-sac fry S,U
juvenile S,U
LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
14.2 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
30.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
14.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
21.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
11 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
28.5 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10.8 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
10.8 12.80 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
17 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-120
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Life
Staae
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(|_is/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namavcush
juvenile
S,U
16
16.49
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Northern pike,
Esox lucius
juvenile
s,u
11.5
11.5
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
juvenile
s,u
42
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
juvenile
s,u
42
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
juvenile?
s,u
56.0
46.23
Hendersen et al. 1959a,b
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
juvenile
s,u
39
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
adult?
s,u
64.0
49.96
Hendersen et al. 1959a,b
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
juvenile
s,u
52
52
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
2-day
juvenile
s,u
2000
Holdway and Dixon 1985
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
4-day
juvenile
s,u
1600
Holdway and Dixon 1985
A-121
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
8-day
juvenile
S,U
3800
2300
Holdway and Dixon 1985
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
juvenile?
s,u
120.0
120.0
Henderson et al. 1959a,b
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
s,u
32
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
s,u
79
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
s,u
51
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
s,u
79
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
s,u
25
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
juvenile
s,u
62.0
50.09
Hendersen et al. 1959a,b
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
juvenile
s,u
16
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
juvenile
s,u
14
14.97
Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-122
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Tilapia,
Tilapia sp.
Western chorus frog
Life
Stage Method
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
juvenile S,U
1 wk
tadpole S,U
*Not used in calculation of SMAV.
Test LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
(|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
30.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
>50 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
>20 31.07 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
76 76.00 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
333 333.0 Mayer and Ellersiek 1986
A-123
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TABLE 2A. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF METHOXYCHLOR TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (ug/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia LC not provided 5.6 5.6 Oris et al. 1991
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon variegatusLC 12-23 16.61 16.61 Parrish et al. 1977
A-124
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TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR METHOXYCHLOR
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia 14.1 5.6 2.518 Oris et al. 1991
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon varicgatus 49 16.61 2.950 Hansen and Parrish 1977
A-125
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(j-ig/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(j-ig/L)
Species Mean
Acute-
Chronic Ratio
24
2300
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
2300
23
333
Western chorus frog
333
22
120
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
120
21
76
Tilapia,
Tilapia sp.
76
20
52
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
52
19
50.09
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
50.09
18
49.96
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
49.96
17
46.23
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
46.23
16
34
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
34
15
32
Copepod,
Cvpridopsis vidua
32
14
31.07
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
31.07
A-126
-------
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
Continued.
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(|_ig/L) Species
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhvnchus clarki
Coho salmon,
Oncorhvnchus kisutch
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Chinook salmon,
28.74 Oncorhvnchus tshawvtscha
Atlantic salmon,
16.40 Salmo salar
Largemouth bass,
14.97 Micropterus salmoides
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout,
14.53 Salvelinus namavcush
Cladoceran,
14.1 Ceriodaphnia dubia
Northern pike,
11.5 Esox lucius
Cladoceran,
5.291 Simocephalus serrulatus
Stonefly,
4.95 Pteronarcella badia
Stonefly,
1.4 Pteronarcvs californica
Prawn,
1.05 Palaemonetes kadiakenisis
Species Mean
Acute Value
(|-ig/L)
12.22
66.2
30.21
27.9
16.40
14.9
12.80
16.49
14.1
11.5
5.291
4.95
1.4
1.05
A-127
-------
TABLE 3. Continued.
Genus Mean Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute Value Acute-
Rank (|_ig/L) Species (|qg/L) Chronic Ratio
Isopod,
Gammarus fasciatus 1.9
Isopod,
Gammarus lacustris 0.8
Isopod,
1.295 Gammarus pseudolimnaeus 1.428
Cladoceran,
0.78 Daphnia pulex 0.78
Crayfish,
0.5 Orconectes nais 0.5
A-128
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY
CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhynchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Ceriodaphnia dubia
(5) Gammarus fasciatus
(6) Pteronarcvs californica
(7)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAY MDRs SATISFIED = 7
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs
Four lowest GMAVs
l-ig/L
l-ig/L
l-ig/L
l-ig/L
FAV
l-ig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV
0.5 ug/L
SAF
5.2 (from Section 3)
A-129
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = jig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 0.5 = 0.0962 (ig/L
SAF 5.2
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 2.518, 2.590, 18 = 5.113
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
jig/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
jig/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 0.0962 = 0.0188 ua/L
SACR 5.113
A-130
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
CHEMICAL METHOXYCHLOR
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 0.0188 |_ig/L
log K0„ = 5.08 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 4.994
Koc = 10logKoc = _98628_ L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in (ig/L
TIER 2 ESBoc is in |_ig/goc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 1.9 jig/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL)
is calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.0.
A-131
-------
This page left blank intentionally.
A-132
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
PENTACHLOROBENZENE
CASRN 608-93-5
A-133
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL PENTACHLOROBENZENE CASRN 608-93-5
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
10805 12 (Daphnid)
5184 16 (Daphnid)
12124 21
3590 7.8 & 9 (Daphnids)
2422 _22
11936 13 (Daphnid)
11926 14 & 15 (Daphnids)
4072 11
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
REFERENCES CHEMICAL PENTACHLOROBENZENE
A-134
-------
Accepted:
Brooke, L. 1987. Memorandum to L. Larson, Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, 31
August 1987. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin,
Superior, WI.
Buccafusco, R.J., et al. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(4)446-462. (ARN: 5590)
Hermens, J., H. Canton, P. Janssen, and R. De Jong. 1984. Quantitative structure-activity relationships
and toxicity studies of mixtures of chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute lethal and sublethal
toxicity to Daphnia magna. Aquat. Toxicol. 5:143-154.
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184).
Oris, J.T., R.W. Winner, and M.V. Moore. 1991. A four-day survival and reproduction toxicity test for
Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10(2):217-224. (ARN: 3590)
Roghair, C.J., A. Buijze, E.S.E. Yedema, and J.L.M. Hermens. 1994. A QSAR for base-line toxicity to
the midge Chironomus riparius. Chemosphere 28(5):989-997. (ARN: 4072)
Rejected:
Abernethy, S., A.M. Bobra, W.Y. Shiu, P.G. Wells, and D. MacKay. 1986. Acute lethal toxicity of
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to two planktonic crustaceans: The key role of
organism-water partitioning. Aquat. Toxicol. 8(3): 163-174 (ARN: 11926, published in part as
11936)
Bobra, A.M., W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay. 1983. A predictive correlation for the acute toxicity of
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to the water flea (Daphnia magna). Chemosphere
12(9-10): 1121-1129. (ARN: 11936)
Bobra, A., W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay. 1985. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the acute
toxicity of chlorobenzenes to Daphnia magna. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4(3):297-305. (ARN:
10805)
Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad, and J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA
priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. EPA 600/3-83-095, NTIS
PB83-263665 (ARN: 10579; did not have 96-hr LC50 for pentachlorobenzene, only estimate)
Carlson, A.R., and P.A. Kosian. 1987. Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes to fathead minnows
(Pimephalespromelas). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16(2): 129-135. (ARN: 12124)
Van Hoogen, G., and A. Opperhuizen. 1988. Toxicokinetics of chlorobenzenes in fish. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 7(3):213-219. (ARN: 2422)
A-135
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF PENTACHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R= renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(fig/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia <12hr
S,M
1100*
Oris et al. 1991
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 hr
S,U
5300*
LeBlanc 1980
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
< 48 hr
S,U
123s1
123
Hermens et al. 1984
Midge,
Chironomus riparius 3rd instar
S,M
230
230
Roghairetal. 1994
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeusadult
F,M
51.1
51.1
Brooke 1987
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile
S,U
250
250
Buccafusco et al. 1981
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas juvenile
F,M
247
Brooke 1987
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas juvenile S,M
378
247
Brooke 1987
Not used in calculation of SMAV; LC50 well above solubility of pentachlorobenzene in water (240 j^ig/L)
* LC50 reported as Log IC50 = -0.31 (imol/L, converted to EC50 = 0.4897 (imol/L
1 (imol pentachlorobenzene = 250.34 (.ig/fimol. EC50 = 250.34 (.ig/fimol x 0.4897 (imol/L = 123 (ig/L
A-136
-------
TABLE 2A. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PENTACHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (ug/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia LC not provided 350* Oris et al. 1991
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
*Not included; chronic value above solubility of pentachlorobenzene in water (240 j^ig/L)
A-137
-------
TABLE 2B. ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR PENTACHLOROBENZENE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable freshwater species test results for determining acute-chronic ratios.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable saltwater species test results for determining acute-chronic ratios.
A-138
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL PENTACHLOROBENZENE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(j-ig/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(j-ig/L)
Species Mean
Acute-
Chronic Ratio
250
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
250
247
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
247
230
Midge,
Chironomus riparius
230
123
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
123
51.1
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
51.1
A-139
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR
DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAV CHEMICAL PENTACHLOROBENZENE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1)
(2) Lepomis machrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5) Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
(6) Chironomus riparius
(7)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _5
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = (ig/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 51.1 \ig/L
SAF = 6.1 (from Section 3)
A-140
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL PENTACHLOROBENZENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = jig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 51.1 = 8.377 (ig/L
SAF 6.1
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = 18
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ug/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
Ug/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 8.377 = 0.466 ua/L
SACR 18
A-141
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB CHEMICAL PENTACHLOROBENZENE
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 0.466 |_ig/L
log K0„ = 5.26 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 5.171
Koc = 10logKoc = 148300 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in (ig/L
TIER 2 ESBoc is in |_ig/g„c
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 69 jig/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL)
is calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESBoc is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-142
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
TETRACHLOROMETHANE (C ARBON TETRACHLORIDE)
CASRN 56-23-5
A-143
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED
ON INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE CASRN 56-23-5
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
5184 9 (DaphnifD
863 _LL
3217 JA
3783 15
Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-144
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE
Accepted:
Brooke, L.T. 1987. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Superior,
Memo to L.J. Larsen, August 31. [Also cited in Geiger, D.L., L.T. Brooke, and D.J. Call. 1990.
Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), Vol. 5, Center
for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Superior, WI. (ARN: 3217;
contains data also found in 10183, 15823).]
Dawson, G.W., A.L. Jennings, D. Drozdowski, and E.Rider. 1977. The acute toxicity of 47 industrial
chemicals to fresh and saltwater fishes. J. Hazard. Mater. 1 (4):303-318. (ARN: 863)
Kimball, G. 1978. The effects of lesser known metals and one organic to fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas) and Daphnia magna. Manuscript, Dept. of Entomology, Fisheries and Wildlife,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. (ARN: 3783)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea {Daphnia magna).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Rejected:
None
A-145
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TABLE 1.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF TETRACHLOROMETHANE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R= renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(fig/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 h
S,M
35,000
35,000
LeBlanc 1980
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 8 wk
F,M
43,100
Kimball 1978
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 25-35 d
F,M
41,400
42,240
Brooke 1987, Geiger et al. 1990
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus ?
S,U
125,000
125,000
Dawson etal. 1977
A-146
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF TETRACHLOROMETHANE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (ug/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic test results for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic test results for saltwater species.
A-147
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR TETRACHLOROMETHANE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (|qg/L) (|qg/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A-148
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TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank (|qg/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-
(|qg/L) Chronic Ratio
3
125,000
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
125,000
2
42,240
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
42,240
35,000
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
35,000
A-149
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY CHEMICAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1)
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _3
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = (ig/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 35.000 ug/L
SAF = 8.0 (from Section 3)
A-150
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = jig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 35.000 = 4375 jig/L
SAF 8.0
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = 18
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
=
Ug/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
=
Ug/L
FACR
SCV = SAV = 4375 = 243.1 jig/L
SACR 18
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB CHEMICAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 243.1 |_ig/L
log Kow = 2.73 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 2.684
Koc = 10logKoc = 483.1 L/kgnr
A-151
-------
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in (ig/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |_ig/gnc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 120 jig/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL)
is calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A-152
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
TRIBROMOMETHANE (BROMOFORM)
CASRN 75-25-2
A-153
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED
ON INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL TRIBROMOMETHANE CASRN 75-25-2
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
6360 1.2
5184 4 (Daphnid)
5590 6
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A-154
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL TRIBROMOMETHANE
Accepted:
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ells, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(4):446-452. (ARN: 5590)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
Ward, G.S., P.R. Parrish, and R.A. Rigby. 1981. Early life stage toxicity tests with a saltwater fish:
Effects of eight chemicals on survival, growth, and development of sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon
variegatus). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 8(l-2):225-240. (ARN: 9953)
Rejected:
Mattice, J.S., S.C. Tsai, M.B. Burch, and J.J. Beauchamp. 1981. Toxicity of trihalomethanes to common
carp embryos. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110(2):261-269. (ARN: 6360)
A-155
-------
TABLE 1.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF TRIBROMOMETHANE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common name,
species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R= renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference: author(s) year.
Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(fig/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 h
S,M
46,000
46,000
LeBlanc 1980
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile
S,U
29,300
29,300
Buccafusco etal. 1981
A-156
-------
TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF TRIBROMOMETHANE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include
common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4
significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (ug/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon variegatus ELS >4,800 <8,500 6,387 6,387 Ward et al. 1981
A-157
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR TRIBROMOMETHANE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the acute-chronic
ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name and species name;
Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon varicgatus 7100 6,387 1.112 Ward et al. 1981
A-158
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL TRIBROMOMETHANE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to lowest; enter
the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from Table 2B. Retain 4
significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-
Chronic Ratio
46,000
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
46,000
29,300
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
29,300
A 159
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS CHEMICAL TRIBROMOMETHANE
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAV
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1)
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3)
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6)
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS SATISFIED = _2
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = (ig/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 29.300 ug/L
SAF = 13.0 (from Section 3)
A 160
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL TRIBROMOMETHANE (BROMOFORM)
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = jig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 29.300 = 2254 (ig/L
SAF 13.0
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 1.112, 18, 18 = 7.116
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ug/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
Ug/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 2254 = 316.8 ua/L
SACR 7.116
A 161
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB CHEMICAL TRIBROMOMETHANE (BROMOFORM)
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 316.8 |_ig/L
log Kow = 2.35 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 2.310
Koc = 10logKoc = 204.2 L/kgnn
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in (ig/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |_ig/gnc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 65 jig/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as SQAL)
is calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A 162
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
1,2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
CASRN 120-82-1
A 163
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED
ON INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL 124-TRICHLOROBENZENE CASRN 120-82-1
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
12665 5 (Daphnid). 8.22.31.
33. 37. 38
5184 11 (Daphnid)
15981 12 & 13 (Daphnids)
5679 14 (Daphnid)
12513 J5
140 20.21
10579 _28
12210 29.30
3217 _35
12123 36
6914 41-44.46-62
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a
daphnid.
A 164
-------
REFERENCES
Accepted:
Ahmad, N., D. Benoit, L. Brooke, D. Call, A. Carlson, D. DeFoe, J. Huot, A. Moriarity, J. Richter, P.
Shubat, G. Veith, and C. Wallbridge. 1984. Aquatic toxicity tests to characterize the hazard of
volatile organic chemicals in water: A toxicity data summary, Parts I and II. EPA 600\3-84-009. U.S.
EPA, Duluth, MN.
Breteler, R.J. 1986. Letter to Scott Carr, Battelle New England, 17 April 1986.
Broderius, S., and M. Kahl. 1985. Acute toxicity of organic chemical mixtures to the fathead minnow.
Aquat. Toxicol. 6:307-322.
Buccafusco, R.J., S.J. Ells, and G.A. LeBlanc. 1981. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26(4):446-452 (ARN: 5590)
Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad, and J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA
priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. EPA 600/3-83-095, U.S. EPA,
Duluth, MN. (NTIS PB83-263665) (ARN: 10579)
Carlson, A.R. 1987. Effects of lowered dissolved oxygen concentration on the toxicity of 1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene to fathead minnows. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38:667-673 (ARN: 12123)
Geiger, D.L., L.T. Brooke, and D.J. Call. 1990. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to fathead
minnows (Pimephales promelas) Vol. 5. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University
ofWisconsin, Superior, WI. (ARN: 3217; contains data also found in 10183, 15823)
Hall, L.H., L.B. Keir, and G. Phipps. 1984. Structure-activity relationship studies on the toxicities of
benzene derivatives: An additivity model. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:355-365.
Hodson, P.V., R. Parisella, B. Blunt, B. Gray, K.L.E. Kaiser. 1991. Quantitative structure-activity
relationships for chronic toxicity of phenol, p-chlorophenol, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol,
p-nitrophenol, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1784:55 p. (ARN: 6914)
Holcombe, G.W., G.L. Phipps, A.H. Sulaiman, and A.D. Hoffman. 1987. Simultaneous multiple species
testing: Acute toxicity of 13 chemicals to 12 diverse freshwater amphibian, fish, and invertebrate
families. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:697-710. (ARN: 12665)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 24(5):684-691. (ARN: 5184)
A 165
-------
REFERENCES, Continued.
Oikari, A., J. Kukkonen, and V. Virtanen. 1992. Acute toxicity of chemicals to Daphnia magna in
humic waters. Sci. Total Environ. 117/118:367-377. (ARN: 5679)
Richter, J.E., S.F. Peterson, and C.F. Kleiner. 1983. Acute and chronic toxicity of some chlorinated
benzenes, chlorinated ethanes, and tetrachloroethylene to Daphnia magna. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 12(6):679-684. (ARN: 15981)
Sabourin, T.D., R.T. Faulk, J.J. Coyle, G.M. Graeve, L.T. Brooke, D.J. Call, S.L. Harting, L. Larson,
C.A. Lindberg, T.T. Markee, D.J. McCauley, and S.H. Poirer. 1986. Final report on freshwater
aquatic criteria development and toxicity testing. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division, Contract no. 68-01-6986
to Battelle, Washington Environment Program Office, Washington, DC.
Smith, A.D., A. Bharath, C. Mallard, D. Orr, K. Smith, J.A. Sutton, J. Vukmanich, L.S.McCarty, and
G.W.Ozburn. 1991. The acute and chronic toxicity of ten clorinated organic compounds to the
American flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20(1):94-102. (ARN: 140)
Veith, G.D., D.J. Call, and L.T. Brooke. 1983. Structure-toxicity relationships for the fathead minnow,
Pimephalespromelas: Narcotic industrial chemicals. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40:743-748.
Rejected:
Carlson, A.R. 1987. Effects of lowered dissolved oxygen concentration on the toxicity of
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to fathead minnows. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38:667-673. (ARN:
12123)
Douglas, M.T., D.O. Chanter, I.B. Pell, and G.M. Burney. 1986. A proposal for the reduction of animal
numbers required for the acute toxicity to fish test (LC50 determination). Aquat. Toxicol.
8(4):243-249. (ARN: 12210)
LeBlanc, G.A. 1984. Comparative structure-toxicity relationships between acute and chronic effects to
aquatic organisms. In K.L.E. Kaiser (ed.), Qsar in environmental toxicology, pp. 235-260. D. Reidel
Publishing Co.
Yoshioka, Y., Y. Ose, and T. Sato. 1986. A correlation of the five test methods to assess chemical
toxicity and relation to physical properties. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 12(1): 15-21. (ARN: 12513)
A 166
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TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF 1,2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common
name, species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference:
author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(j-ig/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Hydroid,
Hydra oligactis
F,M
3,480
3,480
Sabourin et al. 1986
Snail,
Aplexa hvpnorum
F,M
3,160
3,160
Holcombe et al. 1987
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 hr
S,U
50,000*
LeBlanc 1980
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
F,M
3,390
Holcombe et al. 1987
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 hr
F,M
2,100
Richteretal. 1983
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<24 hr
S,U
7,690
2,668
Oikari et al. 1992
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis ?
F,M
3,020
3,020
Holcombe et al. 1987
Midge,
Tanvtarsus dissimilis ?
F,M
930
930
Holcombe et al. 1987
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss juvenile
F,M
1,530**
Call et al. 1983, Ahmad et
al. 1984**
A 167
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Species
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Life Test
Stage Method
? F,M
38-43 d F,M
? F,M
juvenile F,M
juvenile F,M
juvenile F,M
juvenile F,M
juvenile R,U
juvenile F,M
? F,M
LC50 or EC50
(j-ig/L)
1,320
2,990
3,010
2,900
1,814.5***
2,760
2,230
4,000
1,217
3,020
A 168
Species Mean
Acute Value Reference
1,421 Holcombe et al. 1987
Geigeretal. 1990
Holcombe et al. 1987
Veithetal. 1983
Hall et al. 1984
2,650 Ahmad et al. 1984,
Broderius and Kahl 1985,
Carlson 1987
2,230 Sabourin et al. 1986
Smith etal. 1991
1,217 Smith etal. 1991
Holcombe et al. 1987
-------
TABLE 1. Continued.
Life Test LC50 or EC50 Species Mean
Species Stage Method (|qg/L) Acute Value Reference
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus juvenile S,U 3,400 3,204 Buccafusco et al. 1981
* Not used in calculation of SMAV
** Result from the same test as Call et al. 1983 is reported as 1,520 (ig/L in Ahmad et al. 1984
*** Converted from -log (LC50) = 5.00 mol/L (Hall et al.1984), LC50 = 0.00001 mol/L X 181.45 g/mol X 106 jj.g/g = 1,814.5 (ig/L
A 169
-------
TABLE 2A. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF 1,2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC
ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and
include common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s)
year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (ug/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna ELS 360-690 498.4 498.4 Richter et al. 1983
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mykiss ELS 350.2-470 406.4* 406.4 Hodson et al. 1991
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas ELS 499-1,008 709.2 709.2 Ahmad et al. 1984
SALTWATER SPECIES
Sheepshead minnow,
Cvprinodon variegatus ELS 150-330 222.5 222.5 Breteler 1986
* Hodson et al. 1991 reported lowest chronic limits for wet/dry weight at week 4 post swim-up larvae of 1.93-2.59 (imol/L (chronic
value = 2.24 (imol/L, Table 11, page 41). These were converted as follows:
Value in mol/L X mol/106 (.iniol X 181.45 g/mol X 106jj.g/g = value in (ig/L
A 170
-------
TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR 1.2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the
acute-chronic ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name
and species name; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (|qg/L) (|qg/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna 2,100 498.4 4.123 Richter et al. 1983
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 2,760 709.2 3.892 Ahmad et al. 1984
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
A 171
-------
TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL 1.2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to
lowest; enter the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from
Table 2B. Retain 4 significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(fig/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(fig/L)
Species
Mean
Acute-
Chronic
Ratio
10
3,480
Hydroid,
Hydra oligactis
3,480
3,160
Snail,
Aplexa hvpnorum
3,160
3,204
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
3,204
3,020
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
3,020
2,668
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
2,668
5.353
2,650
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
2,650
3.725
2,230
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
2,230
1,421
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss
1,421
1.733
1,217
American flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
1,217
930
Midge,
Tanvtarsus dissimilis
930
A 172
-------
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY CHEMICAL 1.2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhynchus mvkiss
(2) Lepomis macrochirus
(3) Pimephales promelas
(4) Daphnia magna
(5) Orconectes immunis
(6) Tanvtarsus dissmilis
(7) Aplexa hvpnorum
(8) Hydra oligactis
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _8
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs
10
Four lowest GMAVs = 930 j^ig/L
1.217 ug/L
1.421 ug/L
2.230 (ig/L
FAV
699.5 (ig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV
Ug/L
SAF
(from Section 3)
A 173
-------
SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL 1.2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = 699.5 jig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = |_ig/L
SAF
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the
SACR:
SACR = geometric mean of 4.213, 3.892, 18 = 6.658
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV = FAV = 699.5 = 105.1 jig/L
SACR 6.658
SCV = SAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV = SAV = = ng/L
SACR
A 174
-------
CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB CHEMICAL 1,2.4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 105.1 |_ig/L
log Kow = 4.01 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.942
Koc = 10logKoc = 8750 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in (ig/L
TIER 2 ESB0C is in |_ig/gnc
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 920 jig/g0c
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as
SQAL) is calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight
sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
A 175
-------
This page left blank intentionally.
A 176
-------
DOCUMENTATION OF DERIVATION OF FRESHWATER
TIER 2 ESB FOR:
M-XYLENE
CASRN 108-38-3
A 177
-------
LIST OF REFERENCES OBTAINED FROM AQUIRE THAT WERE NOT REJECTED BASED ON
INFORMATION IN AQUIRE
NAME OF CHEMICAL M-XYLENE CASRN 108-38-3
AQUIRE AQUIRE
Reference Reference
Number Test Number* Number Test Number*
13142 2.4
3217 _3
11936 6 (Daphnid)
* Test number from printed AQUIRE records for "bookkeeping" and notation if test species was a daphnid.
A 178
-------
REFERENCES
CHEMICAL M-XYLENE
Accepted:
Galassi, S., M. Mingazzini, L. Vigano, D. Cesareo, and M.L. Tosato. 1988. Approaches to
modeling toxic responses of aquatic organisms to aromatic hydrocarbons. Ecotoxicol.
Environ. Saf. 16(2): 158-169. (ARN: 13142)
Geiger, D.L., L.T. Brooke, and D.J. Call. 1990. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to fathead
minnows (Pimephalespromelas), Vol. 5, Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies,
University ofWisconsin, Superior, WI. (ARN: 3217, contains data also found in 10183,
15823)
Hermens, J., H. Canton, P. Janssen, and R. De Jong. 1984. Quantitative structure-activity
relationships and toxicity studies of mixtures of chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute
lethal and sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna. Aquat. Toxicol. 5:143-154.
Mount, D.R. 2006 Error in prior calculation of GLI Tier II SCV for m-xylene. Memorandum to
Ecological Risk Assessment Forum Tri-Chairs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, Duluth, MN, USA.
Rejected:
Bobra, A.M., W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay. 1983. A predictive correlation for the acute toxicity
of hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons to the water flea (Daphnia magna).
Chemosphere 12(9-10): 1121-1129. (ARN: 11936)
A 179
-------
TABLE 1. ACUTE TOXICITY OF M-XYLENE TO FRESHWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater acute toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and include common
name, species name, and life stage; Test Method: S = static, R = renewal, F = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured; Reference:
author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the SMAV.
Species
Life
Stage
Test
Method
LC50 or EC50
(j-ig/L)
Species Mean
Acute Value
Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
<2 d
S,U
14,320*
14,320
Hermens et al. 1984
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhvnchus mvkiss ?
R,M
,400
,400
Galassietal. 1988
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas 34 d
?,M
16,000
16,000
Geigeretal. 1990
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata ?
R,M
12,900
12,900
Galassietal. 1988
*Converted from log 2.13 (imol/L x mol/106 (imol x 106.17 g/mol x 106 jj.g/g = 14,320 (ig/L
A 180
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TABLE 2A.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF M-XYLENE TO FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AQUATIC ANIMALS
Enter freshwater and saltwater chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. List species in taxonomic order and
include common name and species name; Type of Test: LC = life-cycle or partial life-cycle, ELS = early life-stage; Reference: author(s)
year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the SMCV.
Type of Chronic Value Species Mean
Species Test Chronic Limits (ug/L) Chronic Value Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable chronic toxicity test results for saltwater species.
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TABLE 2B.
ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIOS FOR M-XYLENE
Enter relevant freshwater and saltwater acute and chronic toxicity test results that were not rejected during the review. Calculate the
acute-chronic ratio by dividing the acute value by the chronic value. List from highest acute value to lowest and include common name
and species name; Reference: author(s) year. Retain 4 significant digits in the chronic value and the ACR.
Acute Value Chronic Value Acute-Chronic
Species (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference
FRESHWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for freshwater species.
SALTWATER SPECIES
There are no acceptable acute-chronic ratios for saltwater species.
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TABLE 3. RANKED FRESHWATER GENUS CHEMICAL M-XYLENE
MEAN ACUTE VALUES AND
ASSOCIATED VALUES
Calculate GMAVs from SMAVs in Table 1 and enter the GMAVs in order from highest to
lowest; enter the associated SMAVs in alphabetical order. Enter the associated SMACRs from
Table 2B. Retain 4 significant digits in the GMAVs and ACRs.
Rank
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(|-ig/L)
16,000
Species
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Species Mean
Acute Value
(|-ig/L)
16,000
Species
Mean
Acute-
Chronic
Ratio
14,320
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
14,320
12,900
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
12,900
,400
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mvkiss
,400
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MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS
FOR DERIVING A FRESHWATER FAY
CHEMICAL M-XYLENE
Enter one or more species from Table 1 that satisfy each of the freshwater acute minimum data
requirements given in Section 3:
MDR Species
(1) Oncorhvnchus mykiss
(2) Pimephales promelas
(3) Poecilia reticulata
(4) Daphnia magna
(5)
(6)
(?)
(8)
NUMBER OF FRESHWATER FAV MDRs SATISFIED = _4
If all eight MDRs are satisfied:
Total number of GMAVs =
Four lowest GMAVs = (ig/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
FAV = jig/L
If fewer than eight MDRs are satisfied:
Lowest GMAV = 8.400 (ig/L
SAF = 7.0 (from Section 3)
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SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE VALUES CHEMICAL M-XYLENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FAV = jig/L
If an FAV could not be derived,
SAV = lowest GMAV = 8.400 = 1.200 jig/L
SAF 7.0
FACR =
If an FACR could not be derived, enter the values whose geometric mean is the
SACR:
SACR = 18
Calculate either an FCV or an SCV as appropriate:
FCV = FAV = = jig/L
FACR
SCV
= FAV =
Ug/L
SACR
SCV
= SAV =
Ug/L
FACR
SCV
= SAV = 1.200 = 66.67 ua/L
SACR 18
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CALCULATION OF TIER 2 ESB
CHEMICAL M-XYLENE
Retain 4 significant digits in all calculated results.
FCV = jig/L OR SCV = 66.67 |_ig/L
log K0„ = 3.20 (Karickhoff and Long, 1995)
log Koc = 0.00028 + 0.983 (log Kow) = 3.146
Koc = 10logKoc = 1400 L/kgoc
TIER 2 ESB0C = (FCV or SCV) * (Koc) * (10"3 kgoc/goc)
Where:
FCV or SCV is in (ig/L
TIER 2 ESBoc is in |_ig/g„c
TIER 2 ESB, sediment organic carbon basis = 93 jig/goc
In addition, for a particular sediment sample in the NSI, the TIER 2 ESB (formerly referred to as
SQAL) is calculated as:
TIER 2 ESB = (TIER 2 ESB0C)(f0C)
Where:
TIER 2 ESB applies to a particular sediment
TIER 2 ESB0C is generic for the chemical
foc is the fraction of organic carbon in the particular sediment in goc/g dry weight
sediment
When foc was not measured for a particular sediment, foc was assumed to be 0.01.
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