Summary and Analysis of Comments:
Control of Emissions of Air Pollution
from Highway Heavy-Duty Engines
SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

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Summary and Analysis of Comments:
Control of Emissions of Air Pollution
from Highway Heavy-Duty Engines
Engine Programs and Comliance Division
Office of Mobile Sources
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
United States
Environmental Protection
^1	Agency
EPA-420-R-97-102
September 1997

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b (rJ:.L'r.il Need Ire .sr.J Flkvh nt ,?	AB I F;o::ram ¦: Diesel-*.\.-|e Findr.es;- , J.5
C. C.";Cti;l Lite				 , , ,	 j'U
J C'rcJ:.i Discnjiimi^^r'.d Cut		 	22
e P.irJ.cul.itc NLuer 	 	27
:* OMiipljar.ee M.ir^invln-11%,: Corrpkuncc 	16
uh. Bus hn:l;/se][ hnv 			, 	, ,	 15
h C:ci'-s-cNi:li;1 CiO^s-suhJla^N, C'Ensi-Ljiuti^v Tradinn		.13
1. Urban Bu^ Ksue> 		>3
j. Jltfccl of l\eSi:i Lite or. Credit t;ene:atir>:i				_'5
k Calamine CrcJsK Ba>-ed or. NMOCi Rathe: ihari \MEIC Alrernaiiu-ly Fueled
Vehicle**	, 		. Jo
3. MarkclahV Credit 4 v*eh 	-	 ?7
:n I !i"i. . .	,				,	 1$
n Trading iJel^seerj ART Programs 				V>
Tech nolo gs 	 , 	.'y
a.	Fcu^biUty ot'Slandarii for D;e^ol Eit^ir^s 		. 39
b.	D.e»el I'L-Ci Requirements	 -10
c Fe;i^hkly of Standard tor Alternative Fuels.	 4]
Ir.-l 'ss F.niivtiun Conttul Element .	,	,	.... -2
a Iniruductson		^2
n. Revisions to Current Regulations	-i1
3. I'hcfu! Life	4.'
)i F^ni^ion Rcl.iicJ Mainlerunje	47
:ii rinissjuns r>crVu"I and Per fiTin a nee \Y,uremics. , 		fu
c M.:iiiten.:re? .:r.d Repair Frnis^uins. CVr.tm.s A1 Ifr the Fr.d of the UmMuI Life	53
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luetic Rc!::l:iIJ Rc.m;iJ Kcop;nv- RcquiTi-ritar:
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Ecun«.>fine liiipjct 				
FPA*<- A:r Qu.ihly Ju^tic.-.Uiin :r>: ibc Pmpo^-d Program ...		ri^'
,j. Hum ! i i y " r~ \ 1 i v L- S i n t: o l" t; nu n. Ini :T. oj i -j n j i : li A i r O u j I k \		t;>- ¦
b.	Ah:l:i\ nt' NCK RT'iliu-;\>n'> to IncKN^e 0/o~e		. . 7J
c.	5ic.,;d'. ::i OiiTii.' Le\ l'K 		,			7.i
Test Procedures	»									74
.1. Ev"uu-.f Tc"i 		.	74
h. MLMMiremn'-ii'if NMHC to: DicncK		.7-4
c.	o: NMFIC fnrCNG Venule* 	 7^
Rulemaking Process					76
a.	SOP Prw^ .	, . . 						 . , . 76
b.	RuIcm.iKine Re\:evi 		73

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I, NlamLirds.
j. Sd i»f Standards
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111 ;fe	HP A pfiiP'-LiiL-v-i.'-r,	h.r on-.iiv:riw.i\ hL\^ w'-.nvi-nL'.n.s
•\\:in-"Mr;: 2'Ht'. 7I-? ttvns tfces.*	w...o avui:il'i:v:t5 N'MHC+NLK	«•: I'.:
j-biip-h: 'a ; * I: 'I:-.- nf 2 5 pbnp-br NME[t>NO\ ptu'-ided :I:ji NMHC (*>¦ rh»i;i 0 ?
j/'Mip-rn Nii im-ib:": PM a-iiinv -a.-.^ proposed in jJJiiior. u- :h^ s:a:i.la;d The ;Ti>r-.'--,'d levels
¦a^c based -.mi HPA \.nrisii!ereJ M K- I he ;.:re.i!Csj .K'hlC-v.-.^lc JedJCEucis from r>jL-hn'ilnj;y
CS.p-oeleJ ",n ;~v a'-aii.i^le in 2-^l-i, Lr:virr^ ./iprnprijli: ¦..¦unsuk'ral vr, "t> COM. crlcrJN. and sale'.v
Ex\ii;i"0 ;hb i> vi lOthmlivy 1'irjir:,." <_:'idL:d vu;h a Is¦ 11^ lead tune. EPA proposed lh.it ar.v final
sian.i.ir.U, irvkdrv,; PM. v.-.-uld He s'jh.eei to a tc-tcA scruduled lake place- ;n P^1'
("Vnriier.'ers showed ^ener.d Hipp-.%rc tV.r 5 he NMUC+NUn standard proposed '~>y EPA
M^:iUEu>.[u:l'is ^prc^ed specific siippuri |\:r the option ofv^o NMKC+NOx v[.ir.> ds ,ir,d
^^cd lh.;i ".hey :\rliL*\cJ thai io^er PM "ovels '.^hiI.I r,m He fe^iKe ;n 2LK.K* ;n Ji[;•/¦ u to a:v\ er
NNkltC and NOx level-,. 3 hc-.e eonmicms u. ex- ^./L-d iu l-e sab-uct u> ilie tcmiIi- of the 1MV9
review
Several comnkTiiers J^.iL'rccd. however. umlji Lie proposed onus si on. u: :l.--.I'.lt PM cor.;ro]
m ^"'n. -Several c^mnkv/ers Muled thai Lhcv sh.ouiph.t lh.it a iajcec oi 11.05 j.v'bhp-hr PM would be
r:i.;rir ..vpnipiulc. They carnmenlcd that ,i Mrinecnl s-ur.d;:rd should be Eatgelil-d as pari uuhe
Pa'\> re\ and or.|\ fh^n relaxed if ncecsvirv. Or.c of ihes: cornmcnlejs dialed ih;it mis. ;e\el is
^¦.is-fiile .nui app:<-p:ij:c nr.es urb-in currently ccr'ifv lo 0.U5 pbjip-hr I'M.
Oihef rea^oi^ chai uoto Mi^yosicd 'i'i: ^ mi.utr ^crui^m PM N'.jndaid inc.iids: rcx'er.t
opid-mi^I'^ical C'.idLViCC ',hc hOakh elkCK ut pailiCula^ ciaLTtr. HPA Si.I IT S rivnni*iu'nd:iJ.i"jn
tvv v-, or in; PM NAAQS and coriMiicr a tine I'M viaii Jard. ami ih.e coiiiineiiicd be lie I' ih.iE EEDF.
.ire ;l:c iarieM 'r.jn<-.>n.11-'^n -¦<:<¦ irce of b-orh, PM LO ,m J PMZ 5. Or,e comitieiuc: n.'-Ecd
rli.i* akimsi .;|[ diu^sl PM enusMnnN are less ihan 5.0 ir^crons in si/.c. -^ili'd lh,tt pailic.e^ of
Eli.i" are cs|.:t;c!^Hy lu/arvlous. Tin." ci^iinifnler alleged tlia! by r,ul pn^posini: 'i tinhk'r PM
"E.ir'.d.i'd, hs>A ks sendms! a ir.cs-s^c th.-- 33D1D PM cuni:ol is my a lu^-li pc:1 aUenreairiie.nL e^ 1-:^ ei PM v, uii
aJ-.er^ely jffcctinc NOx enns^in-r^ In adJu.er,. EPA :ece^cd commcnls bolh yvipporting and
oppi.'Mn>: the nnptemiTn'.iix-r, vi ;i si.mJard for partiaiLile rn^'ier .e>s lh. n 2.5 microns li
diswRerer
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An.ik* r. Pi IH ¦••••
;-.PA	ihj	"1m: Iw'j .;nJ h-i" .hi :nlere^ 1:1 [-i;:v;ir : I'iitMut
>..I'! pVj ci n i - -1 n •- t jj-prujMiaie \->.!i-cu^cd ir, i:vrr •.!.:. n ir. ;r.c u ^ i s e % Irapa.i
An.;!1-'¦is. I'M	can	i<' p..,!'!;/ n.Mkh .mu ,.sc,!:..:l\ incJuciii,l r.in.'L' /¦:
i'j;!!,;r\l .,J.2r.j\ .:tio;i '¦! L'ujJiiiv.isciii..: di^ef-.^A re'.;cin_* ar.u 'All!
ci',"ii;ni:e t-> icvev. :ran\ Mr. 'c_:ic> hT rc.!l.c::il: I'.annrui cmi'-Mi'fh *¦>: PM, irvljJne re-Ji:ciir-:~.
kini:-.v,-,T-N fr.-ni nU'rra.	In l',!^l. ihc rc-JcdI or.* in NO\ i!i:;«nCi, :o>Ulir
Ir. tii lliis n; c ',¦» i! 1	lov.cr sf-jnn-.l.iry fo; ma lion of rulr.Ue 1}M '
Hn'Afii.*:. l-.iM.-ij mi: 'he r.hi n'Mtum as aiLshL" tod.iV and I hi,- <.|jl;i|orv L.cl'Ts set :o"h n!
i2M2i.ii;.11 A: ni lvj	Air Act, hPA canr.ui e nr.i: I lkIu this *iir.L" in.tE i:k current J.e^el PM
MaiuiariS c.m ii.' shi'.jlil re lowered :n 2ihs~: :n th^ context oi ar: appioximak' *0 percer'. rcdi:cU-T.
in N0\ Because of the trade-off between N0\ and PM emission*,. at^uaiei* ^lll n.:', e io-
nrden-KC Ci'-i-ad-rahc crVnri ro kc.-p PM emi^-ons K'V rlie cutie^t '4jHu.uU 'aIuIo fssciili Jly
|-.,living NO\	Th^ :r.iil-"-o!':':s Ji^cuwd ;n nio;e ;n Llic Regulatory Impact
Araks;*.	l-.i:hii>; he cltLihi jI tlu* 1ji:hj JI Mi jay furliicr jeiiuelinris In PM .nrasMons Can be
ivJi/ed m a r.unne: ih.it is durjt»Sc. reliable :onhe majority oJ the fleet, ami et-.M-elfc.-tiu*
Open is>;ic^ re e.irdin e o ¦ n i:oI ih~?I¦ ir- an J Mr.-.VEy have conlnbu'.ed to the Agency'*
tiu^Mnn n-,H :ii hr-vcr PM sMmLiriis ai this time. To iLirc. irio>' mi'diuni iictiv\-du*.y jnJ all heavy
hi.M\\-,!u:y	L*ni:mj I'.ltiiiUc^ imc K'fn mijcl-ssI'iiL in inec'iru: tin* 0.10 pDhp-hr J:e>el PM
u111ir.-t. \Jir.d;1,: i^r L'n-.nii^-tM-L'^L ennuul str^'^cics. ] Jiuvcmt, rmM "he liszht
?i;\iwtj.ilv	cir.Linss li.ivc L'nip'uMJii ihti l^c nf .,l"LTHL*;i"nn;nl ikMccs milH aM.l.it^-n
m nMJh tlu^ ]e\.ci. All urKiu hj^, e^^uies, u^OlI jstecEri-Mtir-ciit M : pniiosi^rhu> .irnon,j ?h.c m.^uf-KHirers nnd differences iimonji engine icvhnclciaics ili-:
lc,id lo ihc"? %.iri,!iions n kvhm^o^-.il approiich. fur:hcr woik is n;-eiled i<» iJcnutS ijikI ev;i1iui'.c
v,h.il ^et of cor-tm] ^ir.i'?cics li;ivc :Kc	poie-ntiiil to Lii:1iie\c full life emission control ,u
d'C^cl PM le\cK U*ss ;h.in 0. |0 i.'/nlip-hr ssbilc .ibn rcLiiJ^iri^ NTH t^ ;ippro\imalc|v
2 •^¦'"hhp-hr. Th'.s ulMirute set ut sLr.itev'ii^s ii-i.lv nnuKu uricrlrcjNr.cnE "cchnujues ^jiniLir *n
lh%lK* L'i:Trcri:i\ u^lvI un Ii'.^ht he„i^\-lE'jIV L^iL"sc]	jiiJ urlun buse-, ui could be ;j ^ehM^U'iL'S
Mill ;n rL-^arjlj arui diVilopniijiiE. Ae this time, li is hich3\ ufjeortLiin lh.it poter.tiai meLhods for
I-.lm\>-Ji.:\ engines to get dou-n to icve^ below (110 J'M and 10 NO* are reliable for the lul]
l>l"[lj3 Life Jof the great m,i;eiY.y of I he hea^ ydaly licet.
The ability of urban buso 'o -ichie^e a PM ]cve] i^f 0.05 Lv^lip-lir ilne^ r.u: n^Le^aiils i-.^mii
tli.it thLSi Ie' liilLil
5
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vIcmjl*-" Mo*: i:;?. "i t->.¦ -v hj\\\u,¦ [kjse I'lj-siU-n.iriJc Ij.es wmil'Ii „\:r. mirdk* .:r,v ^\.'eul
m,iir\'- tree --,v.U refaieJ. "n emhs:.nc.,
uJty-cwLe 1'T which c%]lupiti-jr*: .;.:r d^s^iii/d .is nppiKc.l uuek en^rvjs ^huh can be
jppked : ¦ v.".cm! .Huwt". i^pe- >>( t:\i-.k .:¦ <;-l:_.iii."n-- jnd l\,:i experience j ir,.;.,h wiocr r.irip: >'\
dui>	'vnv UU'-e il'..tw;,e!es :n..y K- much more stressful !:i.t„ ;h-j ..Iui>wle ,if s.rkm
'"nises Dm;. -iN.;k* inr^r..,;/, ^c-'jiivc ihe env'nnu:s; he	to meet :I;l* sijn.lariU mcr
"l"e:r hi 1 i -r!is: Iim's r'f,:'.iir ri'J j siii.ul ^L *"¦ vjr ¦ eiii'in^s meet .j mure "Irni^cnl sUn-Jafw d>-es
•,. [ iiceL^'-.iiii>. .i-i:r> t:ic kM^ihilny nr s os'.-er'Lecti^ enes*, ut ihe v.inJ^rd f.-rall K\:v>-.lr.Vt
cueir.es. r::i,;',h. jiKiii buses jre jdJcr co n ;,:re si on ,u n.ir.d.ite lor ^wer PM enn^vn^ r'ec./jse
:tc\ operate in h-uvilA p.-p-jLved ..ue.is 'Miere higher ivvis are juvified. 'Ehi-% is iu>: [>.? ^iy '.hat it
wvuid he ;irp"".ih|e * r ;iijj'piMpruie lur ihe A^encv m ii-.jnii.iic ,i si.inJ.ijJ im«5 ^''ihp ;n :i
.ill he.ivenirne-s in rhe future, hu; Hur.her 'An:l is. needed in ..ddr^s ;lu- -.11iiV--t-n" si-.iic;::j-
lk.il ir.j\ hi- neece.; U'rrhfKeendnc-
Cli-eiy rehired are rhe iwil'-i <,¦: lvsI jnd en-,' clTceu^ensss, The purchase and open/.tne
co^*. unpkcai^n^ i1!: .tn> ..dd'-uorul conuoi leeiinoJo::^ must considered as part of farther
c.aLjwiiitn, .is sluvjUi ;Ke ^">i-cifcctivcrc%s of Unifier rcdyction* m new engine i2:msv»'.r.
sundjrds. '1 his is It's? e^ jiujicii rlie conie\i	possible control tcchr.oloeies as discjssed
^ho^c. A,!'r,oul:h ,i11.<.'5 phhp-h: sIjihIjuL '-aouId nrj'revcric .i ^0 percent r^du-ction in fnc I3St
sj.ind.jrJ. it ur-UJ yield ^i^r.iric^ni^ k-s> eniLs^jor.	Uun pjsi iiierenisnijl	in the
P.M si.ir.ilt-d :c z . c h.>0.25 a ;n jmi iJ.25 c lo 0. U* g :n IWi. II luj.h-c^i
.il'lL-nre.-'nuT,; cech~c!'•>•;> is neeJed to aetaeve j new sundjrd, th.c co-,i etreeii \ l'H'.'-.s ;n,iy H-
si-~nifir.ir.'!y higher ih,m with past standard's.
There .ire *>"her "pen ^icr>l:Mc isnd tcehricul jssuo ihjl EPA jikins to consisier prior io '.he
llJ\'9 :e\iL*u One re;..:ed in ir.c form <:f th? die^e-] p.iriic:11.11c sunJjrt! Current EPA diesel
pjtiiculjre --r.:nd.i:ds .jje ha^-cd iti lr^Js^ fvr unir wurk (Lvnlip-hri, ;inJ HPA s'onHnnes to K"l;eve
clu'. tl'ii.% is [ho .ippn'ipfuie	tor ^eitiri^ sljniljrils. Reetnllv, ;;:i issue «»;'j pn!cnli;il tii-.p-U'l 'if
teehr.olopy ^r. p.i.":;c;e disinhunon has jiisen. Vm-j^Jly jIJ d>jsel pameuLire	has j
duirxier less iKm I micron ;;,r.d is ih'js t'u.ly resptrjhlc b> hurr.jnv A reeent siud> sp«?:isored
Hv ihe Ik.dih FlTeeK hsum:? yn	und rcccr-t engine n;odeK jor.e of a later
^L'l'.r.nlii'.:% i in.l'.c.iieJ tlui whi!c ?hc un.il :n;is\ nf PM emissions w.is lower -:n lhe newer
'irekr.nlOL'V	ihe [erji.iininu" pjrticlcs t'm:n [lie new eru:ir.e sveie smaller m ;ls.::nc!cr
more num-e;ous:. '3'he in'.phcjtjor.s ot tins in:orri'jjl iori afi^ noi ckvr either vu^h tegard to
'cehriology or health effects. While t!\-\ eoncinues M". believe ihjt mjss Ki>ed emission
s:,iJiJ,irJs for PM arc the mos? appropriate form, more information on ihe impaes of any advanced
er.cine .ind emission control technalojiy on, diescl PM m^c. p.uticle counk and chemical
ct^istm.er.'.s as well -is ihe hc-ihh effes"'s of":ir.y ch.mees in "ke--c p.ir'il:Ie ehar;i-.-[cnsi]v*s would K-
helpful
K J B.vj.rr^ard. I H Jeh^^nn. "The Effee" of F,ulI ;mJ Engine Des-,i:n m [ F\h,];r-i
Pun.cle -Sue Distributions." 5*x;ci> of A'.iuiinntisc Engineers. 'fWH.'l.
6
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Aii.v|-er r-H. o rol-s:c-J i" Uk iragn J1 :d? or ih? «.lircc:-y-cmitic.i iIil-s-j; I'M •.n% cii;> •;*- :s
i-l.i!:-- —f	i;r.ri.u: t. nliku nmr.M.i di-j-ul en.-ires jfM uniis-,u mv hiinu<.a\
PM l,*i-11^^"11- iu\e hc."i	si'r..iii>L .'cp-v^enl an >•' 1 [¦.? ''•! |Vklmii icc-.u :!¦ *. v.
»'"iI:i11.-1- Il'-cK N>J i> .L-ar thai i_sr<¦ I n| Jiesej ;JM cI'lls.->n^ > 11'ij~• -1-1!. >r,d
ni.';e ,:.il.i d": !'.<.¦ p'.*fLer.:,iL:„' raghu a\ i lJil'nc. PM ,n I Ik* .l:hvJ'. tirhjfi ji^as ,."u|
aica •.n'n.'iiUTes and ihe D-u^* p^MmiailCi: nf tonlrolled men'.1.,:], ulL-L'lx u«ui,d
lv LcltMiu III -jl: J-.:ig [I:j A jerk's I': 11-.ire illilsitivcs wj|h rcedni 5m jv-lentui hicn'A,-.} uium;!.
engine PM O'Htj- . ilfaieg.e- Ai nou-d akr.e. lightening NCh ".^r.d,.:ds ,sUk-.^ result-* ;;i U.mc:
k,l-ch -if iiuniunt PM cae :««ilie jeei,i:i[\in>ir._1; rediunon in secondly nvmaiv.n  requiring virtual hHjUn^ of ihe NO* v;;.nJa:d
Moreover, ^ bPA did wi p:upwc louer PM ^.ind.irJ. iL cnjlJ not ijJ.l- i]n.u .u ii.-r, <,;h'A\sy dieseS engine PM emissions. F.PA considers such erfassio,n eoni^-L
to 1^ «:i itn.jMti.ir:; air quahiy ee.,1 and plans to funher study these iss-jcs. and others ove: ;Le t:ev.
v~'' o vcars, and in i l\lw=>,-,. ;he ,he<-e! PM siandard in ttie P>j!* resjew.. Sn i3i.ii ¦ ->nicr. EPA
encourage^ canijiiucd ,'c-eardi and di've^'prneni on PM control ^echr.ologv .sr.d seek1- snpui m all
o]';he areas de^nhed atvi^e,
b. Slrinucncy of llc,a>y-l)Lily (i^ivolirii' KnjiitK" StJinthirds
Siijjjiit..-v/JX"M riptinn 11QhM-"-1sr
EI1 A proposed to jJoju iht s^ns e;n:^ion si.iinl.irt?sa|. hottcvcr. env srwmcnMi groups provided comments
hiL'hliehtin.e manutacturers" eerar"ie.s"ion LLita for rli^r LWCt hhmEcL vear. vshich ir,cr.iJed so;ne
engine families with emi«;0'ii levels eous[de.*alil\ holuv^ tlie sianilardv prispt^e-l for 'he 200-1
iTKniel >ear. EPA rajsed this jssue in tne pi^posjj by njuut'sting eoinincnt on. Elsi; posnhili'.v n|"
..d'Y1"1 ni: more stringent emission standards tor heavy-duty g.v-.nksie engines. C'eriiUcauon d.jM
showed a grej,-er number o: engine t'.imihc.'. cnintitic: o: N:J.va the ZOU IcncK. ^itli
s. me e"igmc" ce:iife..i. ¦ einissiun levels -. niten, in y.\ enty percent of the >'Xi-t eirassio;!
Nl:and;ird.s,
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A: ch> EPA is	1" i.iL* n .:ci;.t. on ih.* issues	v^th
UTil's ..~vi >¦ i.•'• l tin.i.l/sriL! j:r. revised si.ni.LiriU fur I:c.r. dut". Olto-c-cle cn^i- js l;?A
,!ik*iui- 'ii u S'..pp..'rn^iiLil \iih-. i' rii P;<,'pii*i>.I R jler.vkir,.: to .uirjess l.us..' i*nc:rn">
specificjliv A vjricly c* npi.-T.v jii? .nulei c-Misiifcr.iliiVi lor irvl'.s;,--r. in tll^' v-ppiersi.jnlal
p'.ipii-.i| Hirsf. li.'^'rr'Vil in ",1'e :'1Ki-iI r*r^"'P'«--I!. F.PA irj\ p'.-:vje -i ni.'re ^Ti:il:e:'ii nil ill erica
sijmi.irii jMrn: t:v f I-.;i,>r ,-n en cine dynamometer. Second, E-.PA ^ ill ?v,;Ju.r.c in-,'
jpprupiulen.ess ¦<•;\u!i•;¦!me; emission sur.iian^ for some *i;n¦ c> Ji' he-i"-\Vi.*li:«.\es Iu>:n1 ^
te^hr.c vt iri* j	d'> iijil',1 lii'.uicr. C"ii.is-!s k-shnv:. -ind ,issivwieJ ^LiruLir.U, c.^iUi '-e
patterned .jlter ne pr«'-j:,n;i adopted M ihe C\iii!uim.i Air SuM-.uiL-fs Ro>s:d ;r-r rreJaim Ji,t>
M"hx'A"> Alk'rr.iiivcl;.. I;FJA could develop Li tu-L and sIjiiJjuI umik: 'he chassis. te-r ^^c 1 c
spLvirltvi ir. ¦!'? rFR Si. Suhp.i;; M \\-.r hc.ivy-dut> Li.v-okne vehicles.
c. Period of Stability
*Miinjna'v/TV>cr, j-111 ->n f-i flu* Ewig
tilC C'ieail Ail Ac: fC^uiiCs a tlaee \e,ii naimnain p-Tiod of st.ihiljiv for am nc.". sTlMHIojiI
applicable to hj«h« j> heavy.duty engines [see 42 l.'.S.C. 7521 u:i3j;C:«: There is jjj intended
periodofsi.ih;| iiy di>ciisscd in the NPRSk Ji.eve,', the ci 'st el lc^:lv^tmj¦,in the RL-\
.isvimcv fhe ;cars to recoup the :lved costs.
fninironfs
ke^y-dutv ctilm-c :iuiriLMacturcrs commented thai ihev consider uji cich? '-car
minimum period ol st jbi ls'\ to he uecessars [>.* ni.^e ;hl; imesEment in levhri'nloiiv required bv
the proposed standards. A period o: st^bjluy lon^r Uuh tlircu \e.Lrs. Ee^uired In ih= CAA «;is
jiso supported b> ti pciroleum refiners' js^ockiuoh v\slh lh«2 cjiior.jle th.it li'icre is. j Uiw or
nr-nL-xisient reinrn on monc> invested io reduce emissions.
£uk!;^.iii8.«Eia£s
Hi>A. .n,is not mended jnv pro1. Lsior.s ^e^jjrd;n^ stability in :tc ru'e s-,nco ilic pc:h^S or
sitiDiiily uoutd instead be 2,ddrcsseJ m jns future rulemakings. tSVX thouehi ii fej^ouaMo
sprc,id the fixed costs over fr.e >e.irs :n its cost analysis: howe'.cr. this is not directly related to
the period «¦[" ;-i,ibiiity. EPA hus received ,.i 2 re .it -Je;d of public conn:eni:s a 4; mi: for greater PM
rcdnctkms The uhiir-iie period of siabikty v- sI] be defmcJ ir, ,iny fuiure ruh:;r.iki ni: to revise i;
st.iml.irJs; m r.n case will she pfrunl of si.ihilhs for ihe vrarulanls ilna:i«il toJ.iy be less in.^n *,hi
•siaUJlnrv ihret; i['jn:irv.ir:i.
8
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d. I I:irrn.iimzj(H)n
Si:T'n..-yP;,M,j r11¦ ¦ i n|'-h;
kPA r,,^ p:-i]vi'-j>.l tti.i: :h:- sl.in.i.ir.U .11 llur N'F'RM -ipplv rjlii-ri'-tiiic Th;,-. J,run
present	. : CJiU'rn..-'- .uitliMiiiy '.o ^ei lower >.[._:v.l..:uN, k;t r..i:her reproof/.-,
c 1 >¦ 1"r."s¦ ¦ n IvIwolti i':;j L S. HP.\ .;;ii [lie C.il:N»rr.i.j F.PA. I •4 e%'Uti iVmiIc in I:m" -.il|o-u.|i'.e
ii„:ir.ni:/lIIi.t. L-irJ.ne ¦*;jIIJji J1-. C J11'^ rn: j ;ls chjiiued mictions i'1 J \ l.\:\ J-I
¦Aliich v--ulJ require 15 percent *¦:'vehicle iVm MX'-U 10	ib\ CiVWR :n mec, .1 o u5
vvMip-hr PM vjnJjrJ t'nJcr the ch.irueJ I.'LEV proer^u. .ill he^vy-duty cr,z 1 re-a.L lur.e *>>
iiicc! ;he	LEV NMHC+NO*, >t.1r.il..;J of 15 ^/biip-hr r,.:her in,in the p;c\iou-» LEV
NijriGJrd 3 5 j:.1">hp-l:r. hi:" i;i'_- I I :\V PM . 1 c:/bhf-l:r
("tJiiMiiit'.nl's
Cjli:'n;ni.i -ind >>?Hcr coirni;*.*iiers jx*r.cr.iljy stipes¦ rtivc ni'.i ^'-J-suic* M.inti.iru including
truckers 'Ah" s:ip7vrl li.inn^r; /.iIsn-i v.' lii-jy e.,:i I;.l\cL umMhihiliid between suies. 1 hnvtner. un;"
e^nirnenier a,it o'ncLTr.ei! in.n li.jn!'.'.Mu/jUsM", >-vul jcslll ir. 1 r.c reaped I'M :n CjIilouiu bc^-iii*-;."
the n.r.V xf,.n.l.ir.i ul O.IIfi ^.'N'.ri-hr would 110", he put ir. pLice
Analy < i R csponsc
EPA J;:reCN 'h-it urulWni --Lir.d.Lrd pnrvidcs. 3t'ss ceunonuc buitlcn [<0 \ -du'.V
m.jnuf.ieiiiaTs .sn.I Eruck-jr*. i]i.l:i vine-, <=-_¦:'.ir-ue Fi/de;.^ .ind C^liJointa Mir.d.ird>, lit jJdjboii,
EPA h.is c-u:uL:cd th;:! .my incsejse m [he Cdhforriu. ULEV PM level would be more 'L.m offset
by the	y PM ruiLaiurr-, Eton; NO\ coiicroj on m:ers1 jie trucks used id C.ihlVrnia This js
Csj\rci.i;lY friic ili^ "-dueler mer X,5i'n) Ihs GVWR wou]d mo>t likely not be certified to file
11 Of p'Tinp-hi PM vr-vJ.jid siiiee [he L'LE^' ^L;l^.d,^:d K more c;iMly mcl. by hehtcr! rucks and
r.i!il'uniM	ABT. Even it the if rcrcenl ot' hc;ivy-;lu:y entimcN mi|J ir, CJifurnu mcl the
I'l.KV	were cj'4«ribJtcd evenly i_r.ither th;ifi Ok* n-:j;urit> of Ul.liVs Ixin; K-tv\icn
(i.tH.'U ..:ul IS 1. EPA c;ils.""jLilCs ln.it ihe n;Ltjun:i| pj\lj:rji:i [In.Lli^L-d IikLv Will rc>ull 3n riiore
;I:jii cheee uri'.cs the PM rejections n C.ili'iiniui fcurn liLM\y-du[y tri^ir.ci t!un :he ULEN'
f roe-Mm throjph second.ip,' PM rcdueii.ir,^ 1'iii"-. ejIluLuii';i v. nude based on the lol.hv,%;n;.i
^sumptions:
I: "5 pcrecni lit' iJie 3i-j.!\y-duly vehicle nule> ir.^eleJ in C;s.3ifomJ- -ire I'rnni o-ji ot ^unu
truckv	un ARB ii,!ta,i,
2. ;l-.£ CA Ll.IiV pjo^sam tcsjl;s in .1 0,05 ^.'"bhp-hr cr^irc ^p^citle PM Njr.etit i t-.T L'LEV
L-n^ir.csf me: ihe proposed njli^njl pn\,:r.«:i!..
?•: "he NI'KNJ 'a 11 li[d result in .1 I .v'bhp-r.r NO\ cru'i:!^ --peeiLc NO\ benelit over the C-\
t:LhV cn?in«* and
9
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4} "r.i-.'M'in «j: v. LPA titled Bere^is o? M-'ivj-- S--i;;<.e
VO\ Ke'.:tei: P~:";ct; Lie N1.11:^; Kc.luc:¦ i:^ ¦
f, L"rh;in hws M.truhird
Si ;i :j'.-:|V^-. .-:[•; n i"i i ¦' 'K' U
. In* pn.r-,'^c>l NMHC+V J\ -t,:r..i.Lrd 'a-'u.-.I .;rpl« i" .irban -Msires, l4;,.1 [he PM
eni?i-.es vnvih: rcn.iir, ai il:e c-jneni *1 "U'5 ivbnp-hr ]¦ r r.ev, enii:ji..-» an.:
15.41 1 .jij-| p.j. j -I 4,^
C£tmjnmi5
Munutajil.rcrrs eo:nnien;ed ili.ii Hie .irhin his PM sLmdaru wmuIJ luve in be :ela\cJ -o meet
[he propped NMH('tNO\ sMiuLm.Is These c^mmer.lefs si^ed lii^' j (UO Lvniip-rr PSf
sf.Cidjjd wo-j|J be (i'h'iLs ,:pj'ii-p;uiu because rtiiL-.jc: rn: NMHC+NLK fjv-m the^e er.pint's '.sill
rcir.Jirf -!cn 11ic,im technical iriTpr> Yemenis arid ihere i-> Lierenilly a ?r,;dc-oft between NO\ ami
PM enr.ssinris Ore manufacturer skiicd ^hji ch^y an^erstus ¦.! :h.n j m,*,.\i:nuni standard at 0 (}7
.vbhp-hr PM \vn;i|J Kc ..Itowcd b> the Cle^i Air Act, ] looser. others commented thjtO.05
^¦'Thp-hr PM ,M.,i|d Ke U\^",nlc ior j.l\ HDEs, These commons jie described c.-tIkt under
"Level or'Sraridzrck."
AnahMs-'KospvY^e
r::\.n ln;\ entires -ue -md wisl c.T.unue "n bo j special case IsecaUM: tliey ha%c unique
oper-iime eh,ir..ciensncs, .irr iiscl m  linked run^e of vehicle appkcjii^ris, jnsi art-1 rc-cd
ilille:er.:ly :han truck eneincs in the Clear Air ^cl I'rb.m b'.iscs experience a typical duty w\ Je
h>-r winch enemes can :eLi[i\cSy easily lx: des^ru-dL :ri:ck engines, in conlrasi. can be appked so
several diilerent i\pes n| irjck ^pphcjnrT^ jiilj e.jn experience a much '^idcr T,sn>c ot dutv
cnoIcn. 1 he du",yc;.cle tl;jt engines ^i3l ^ee is unpuiian' l\rcjiise ir:.inurjv'"urcrs must dc^cn.
creinc^ to meel inc •¦•f,-~id.;;ds over ;hei? lull usetuL hve-,. Mn;,jiivc;c, if-.e p„iri?^jl,ir cnip'i.f-'s
PNJ re.li.:ciit"'n in see Hon 219 indie a'c> ;b.it Corojoi s wjs e^peciJliy imeresied in sueli reduciions
fmn'- urh.in h-.isc^, which opcralc ir. ne.iv.iK popuLited are^. jraj that C'oneiess ccnisidcicd jimri:
sinner: si.inL3.-rds apprnpriaic for Mich cncir.cs. For ihe^e re,isorsN, EPA believes :lui the new
NM31C+N'Ox -s?anU.jrii alnni: wjih ihc :i:n:c >irincen,; urb;vn hu>. PNt and aid 'Atll be t'ea.sibie jnd
¦^iprojuMte for uibjji buses. As p.;r". of ihc I'iO-i rc\:?w, EPA will rccv.shi^e ;he Lijipropfiaieness.
the Liib^n bus .si an Jar Jv Eiven ^uniLI r.e^ :n:"o:n:annEi a\ aih.hk in siii^resl ;he stjnJards
s.^: 2.4 o/bhp-hr NMHC.'+NC)x ar.d 0.1J5 L'llilip-lir PM i-e^innin^ ir. 2^14 vcou!d nu: be .ippropruie
tor utban buses, hPA v^ould n^t expect to ic]j\ E^M er-.|^io] l;i order t<^ sjve 'lie 2.4 e/blip-hr
NNSHC+NUx s-.miiaru ^.Jir.nir.p n 21 mj-4. g:\cn Congress' t'csrus on PM control Horn urban
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L AlU-rn.Kivc I'm!	St.irulnrd
Sj::r"i'.i*y 'IX'-crir'h mi "f <^
I'vj NTKM pri'po-ed	.:d- i;i.:i 'a,h.!.L .ippA in .;!!.	rx-.r.%-Jut* eiieir.e-
iir-M^llL'Ns EhetL!eI :l;e> !>e.	] lie ptnjv-.il ,is mi the ln<,ve-i .ippropr,,.:^ -i.,T.d„:u^ :r»[ ^11!.!i• l.*nr_":¦> -.ippotied a *.;:1:;!e •¦¦£: ol -.ijnJjrJ-. clui die-el, lmsuI:ii-.", ..r.d Jlern.im e-
rtieiel! 11[?iE"-v Li'-.ilJ i:!. E-.PA iccer* ed common: trout trucking iM£.mi/.:tuiii ih.ic ihe
ni^ketpLce -ii.--L.lii Jc:ci iiin'.tj the fuel u-ed in truckv However, ¦.Mte comir.enter -t.iccd ih.it E-PA
ii tuilir.i: m kike ^'..inuiuc ^f :l-c ;:re.p«is%iKc erm^vn reductions by propov.np a suinwjru
defined by die^l lechrnlncv .Aee'irdiru: iliis ep:nm?:iier. n.u,jr.il ^.is bL-.ivy-.Jniy in.ck er^ires
.ire c^ir.rr.crw i.il'v ..sv.jl.ib> rli.ii h.ue NO.\ le^eb Hint jut le-s ih.nt Z.O ^.'"bhp-hr
A"',!'A M^'KC -rW'.vQ
The propo-f.l v..-in.!.ird\ -a ere driven by chti Lir[J,eVi IdjMhl^ inductions from "lie iriu-L '.(-ide^y
ii-cd cnL:::u*s eunenily m ita ic.irkui. ill n:hcr vsojds, the proposed NQx -md PM !e\eK aii
dr:\cn by die-d-t'tje'cd nneme tcehnoLo;:;,. I[ 1**. not EPA'.s intern to require siand^rd- tlul CjJI
or.h be nie; lm»^ Jiemativeiy fueled engines EPA does riot belie1, e that section 2u2 require-
?n:i--in:i -r.:nil.::d- iu,-.r. vuuld effceh'.ely p;oh:bn the -,lc of ii;e.-cL-fueled entries, which
represent she i:i.:_:.Miiy or engines currcnlK in-usc.
f. Equity In Burden Among NO.\ Sources
SurTTMrv-'De^.Tipl^r. of rhi* IL.y.ic
Th;s m!c seek*- emK^ur: ledueuno- ;Vom lit^lm^y HDtis ,is j means to improve ozone asr
quality.
Comments
Severn commented m;-.ce M,itemenis .ibmii ihe .ippiopnuten..*-^ ol new conuoK tor hijzhwas
I J')h- reLitr. e to controls on other cnussion viunees. Trucking ^epjevenuir. e- ^ Ainerjcjn
t'iuek:np A-^ocsa'ion*- .inJ \VeMe:n iheliA.iv Ensijuiei staled Ihejr behel lh.it liienvs^y KDE^-
Lr.e been re;:n;.m*d nm-e ¦-cr:nn11y ili.:n locoir.ohve-, nonrojJ eqoipnTcnl. ,T,d -onr* s;.5,:!un;ir\
source- Oihtrt expre^ed :he nppn^io concern, tha: son;e sources like lij:h:-ciu:y % clicks ii.tvc
barre reknp.ely iivre en;i--Lon reduction burden ih,;,n hiehsv.iv, HDr^ .ind tlu: ric^ sundatd- tor
1 IDPa ;i;oi life .i deL'ieC or b.'.i^r.ce.
I
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An.ikM^'RcMVr" hc
Am.	r.& m .iu.nu,. ,,, -t
MEW !'v- I i C'- e s in it I ."i i - ;..';.; i.:!, il J: i > i; i	'n v iev.eJ n ihe conl£\C OJ •-•-c,... , ¦! h.*r
jir.ii.-:ivc. fii..c EPA is 'jilderukirr^ hi I"1':1, C-,-n,Lres*. .!ts*cIlj.L FPA r.i ^iaK ihe eu-isMMn
inp.Ms >.'! f.nriii'jJ cni^nes, %elncies. .m.l c-.jiiipmer' .md :e ml; l.il;." ihen if:["i:s,
¦oi'r.ir^inli* !.i oAiiim>!;\i*s .in: I'urlhi-r sl.uiiLir.is for ni-r,ro,:d d:Os£ls til.'/. U;K
citnip.Lfj!v!c hi in.••*¦;: ti:;.ili/cd to:	IIDTS:.
In ihc pre.irrble ;~cl Rep:l:iin,-y Inip,u" Ar.ily>s% -* KIA.« js%. ju'.mii, H!\\
s;imi:i.in/es Us pn-iimr, ih.it l.irv:c NC.K iredijciinn-s arc needed from m.my My.irccs il Vv:one a:i
iUtility is in reach .iccep'.iiWe le^ek in mans tde.is, Evr rhi.- fWescl:er comrr.enEers, ;lui iK current effort* in pro:nu;ti.',:e more sinn^er,'
siaudard^ 101 Luuiv.-Jl:\ cu-Mics is prudent ai:d iicCi.-ss.ji). Ho'.ve1. er, EPA r.u'.e-s *l-.u current .md
p:ev;ou< NC^t:Jj.-Js ~re h,iH.L-J 11;'j I:jy ir, pI,!..c forcrcdil's used lo help enmpK ^ i:h the NQi PM en^ssjnn ¦-•¦.:ind.::i.is h^i^een
S .".ncl Z003^ limits ere:l?i iifc in three vlmts jih! di%L^H:nis h.inkei'. cruvlics In 2'T percent Due
10 ihc cll.nce in !hc fnrin of :l:e suru!jrd I'rrrn NO* "n NO\ pluv NMHf, E^PA pn^xiseiS !n allmv
N'Ox-h.ised ^rctiiK lo be used to ni-.*et "I c \Ox plus NMliC ^ti^djJd.	Ci>u!J only ho
tenfraieil arid not u'sed sn the mvxlirluiL piOL^am prior to 2CK)4. ("redtls eou'd Na if an,* Weired tro;ii
ihe nuidifiL'd program m ",he eurruut pruLMaiu hji would ho subifet 'o it's hie hnn: jjiJ discojiu
priUKiorvs. HP A also proposed lo allow rr-.th credit eer.erjUoni and credM u^c on a salcs-wciohted
.ivcej^c horsepower in iicu ot the "huy hiph/scll low" provision* ut ihe current ABT
program, as found in ^0 CFR SJ'j.O'M-]? i"c:-i 21, In .i;!Jiiion, ihc prop>-is.il included prnvi-ion^ la
require lh.il mar,uf;tcl;irers m.iiniain .1 cunpliar.ce margin 1 the difference between the
certification le^el and ihc FannK rinissioiis E.iinit :E"EiLy> of [cja1: 5 pcreeni unless dt*,'.a wj<
uviii[.ih](? ;o ^iow ¦ h;ii a Ilt was -j^nfied. 'l'he modi^calions were proposed ?,o be
J\>iii.ihlir for bs'lii NC)\ .i:id PNE ejuissio:is. I he lolkvAsni! js .5 vjmm>in of the ^icr.ifkMnl
		V;'
L-.^iir^ienis 3-.PA iLjei'-id on '.jnuiis .r-rccl-- ot Ihe proposal and EPA's jr.ily-.'s'rv"sp-.'n'-L-.
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j. 1 Jcavy .rhily (cycle
EPA	".he --.ani: "Uinu.irtl- l>T .il. v-ilniv er._'n». S-ln (Jl-a'-cwle mo.
e,:>i-.kne-f(.:H;\U eneme^	ei::::r.e'. hl'A ...-o p^-pusc,: :n jppls ihe	ABT
pri'jr,.:n rr'"''» i-i>'tis [¦¦. all he..', v-dnu er.enies. HPA nu^cd i> e."r.ce;:i in.it ihe ABT ni.ouca!..-r,*
O'jM p;o\-.de ,".>iiliii-j- iul'Ij-.I sir.':!!-j nlanUa^Ureis vv:"li 'Air.d:al; CTCJii- l'-ju Uj II;.* la.;: d:a!
tul* >;:'1v-. L':a.rcaJy l e: v. tie.I a; ievc.n v, ¦: J h,:V:¦/, th1 '•"''H ,mJ su.'dei yjai ¦¦i.:r.u,.Tuv
EiPA li-LjLu-.iL'J nis'.KTi^ Mrs whener it n<<" nio ira'dified ABT pr.-^ram siiouki be .i\ak.iMr m
y:uc;cd cr.eirA"- CPA ai-u reijiu'^-d coir,nu'M on. die need rW a Io-ao* ^.:n.Lir.L foi Oi:i<-
e^c-e cn^ir.L" ¦>
Due k* FPa's e» .iIl.ii!¦1 ji oi enseal . iniLi-jtit^ receiveby the Accr.c;», LPA n« l m.'.iizi ne
~,e-.,\ s^n.lai.U l'ir	de e:i sines m this rjIcm;:.kir^ discussed in Seci^-n [Y B- ff ihc
pieamKe i. liieielnre, ir.e ar.o laler niinicl >c.>r siandards ^ii.sll ieni.nn in eiYeci tin?i 1 hca
^ndarJs jre flTuOl^ed, Bec..i*-e ill- Al'l':v.v is im' :huk/.ai\i any ;ieu s^nd-iids to: '.his <-aleL'i>:\
iit enpne-., EPA .>Ko is rn-, finali/m.; any changes to Lhc ABT proer-un lor the e.i-e.:or>.
App:opn./e ehan.-es, m die ABT p:oeram are Jepcndeni on 'he form am.1 level of sinniieruy uj'
'he r.c-A standard and are best co.lslJered iilnr.s.: vw:k ukanees to l lie ^ndasd TI'.l' eurrenl ABT
l iuof jir, remains in elleci for Quo-ode eji ernes. The ccm^nidcf ot [hr- section applies only to
-JiChd-cyclc he.i\y-di:;\ cni^nev
b. Gt-nernl Ni'vd for ^nd ITPfCt-S of a ModEfitid AIT Prflgram tDiescI-cyck Knjjint'M
.Si.ir:iMt% ''ni's^rr^iTv'i'j•¦: rlic Iic
fA:i ABT nu^'fam jI^vas the Agency to propose .nui llruili/t' a eiipec sinr.^eiu enyir^
si.smljrd :tuui ixherA;se be jpprnpn;t!c un;Ler the CAA, sincc ABT reduces ihe com ^nd
i:iip;ovei file ^d-.n.-v.^cji tcaMbijty of in^ [lie smiuLulI. EE^A proposed the change?, to
ihe ABT pto^iair. with the inlent lhat ihe L-lianuc^ WiMilJ uiiEur.ee ihe tcchr.ologicil teasibuity
;hc re*" siar.d.i.:d, and [lieiehy help lo ensure the new standards would
be aUcunabie e;.rher J.har. wouUE niKerw^e be p.a-,-,ibJe. The ehunees would provide
m^nu:jc;u:ers "-miIt :id.linon.iS pruduet jilanrnnj nextKlny and ihe oppnriur.iiy I'^r a m-
j-ioeranis ;hat mav Hcr.clit frnni s^iniLl: "ceh.;io!.oeLes ie ii . nonn^a.l pr^>v'.rar;Tii. I:PA %;ewcJ. che
elfeet nt the ABT pn^;rani ikc|| ,ls environ me really nenirai Kvanst; i;ie use of e:eJ.iN by some
en.eines is offse" by ihe ^unecaiio^ eredr.s by mher erivrir.es. 1 Imvvl-wje, Itcn eoupled wi:h th.e
i;e'A Mar.d.a J**, flu* ABT jno£:;^:ii wnuld be ejiMronr.enr.Jly StcjwIil-ijI beeau-e t: -aouIu .tilow
the new siandards in be iiii]?Lenien:eJ e..;Ler lhan umi'd n^l-.er^ise l.M app:opn.s-.o ander tlir As(.
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o:,:.i~i/.-.cm Tis, ;jiu the Fr.Jii'i.- MdriUki-tux-rs As^vm: wn i F\1 ¦ jc.i
I lis." NjIjijI t ia- \ chk'L* t itn >:i ' NCI VC ¦. o "ir-iiL :i:l\I !h.,t m^nut^-SUr;:; % ii-ed :I'-j f.vx ;r. i r;%
.'I ir, e\r..:v,Ld ABT pro.;r,itn in mi!:; i'.t -h." <.i,in,:.n\K t-o he e^si c;;\.x;r. c .mJ
te rhnn11~ic.i;I y ~cI -:**v¦¦hI; frrdic*<:.¦ cyc!£ er.jir.e>.
Health .in.! ui!\m<:n:^nmpv' .;~.l iwo sl.ili: o^-T.l/tJlhh-che^e i:i.m \':,c lM:VuI o;"lhe
p:i|p."-"CJ tll.otieu AB 1 proefujit, un.ild K- LTvirnnr. .ur.tJ'y r.ce.ilne While s.'tii'.siii.-!iicr>. it.,!
ro! Cik'vti'm ino the^reiical Jue o] ABT, mhi-.c: i.-uesnn-Uii u richer fnc current AB [' pin_\*jni
.ic hi r.e J i*'.	1 itC'-e c>¦ rr.mcnic!^ su-j'jujniu.I cIiuni:l FPA c.-n ¦Jio'a i!i,-,t the cu;:eiu
pruLir.nn ffrVeme m promoiing ".he greatest le'-eJ o]"e:iii^:«!ri icil-jernv.-v .'rii stuiv.il.ii.n;.'
[L-t--ln:nltu'iuM" .;,:v..nihiliL;. to lur-n unii^^nv I'ht:i he.n v-lJjiv e n g m Coir.ntenlen; qLe^inv.Uvi	or
r.o! the proer.-.rn, jc"nie«e> ihe ^jiViC emission red nations .i^ .in "ocrv engine' ^t,'ir.d.ird. The
•.ktrpiieisni nt'ihc^ enrr,:renier- u.is linked to their .i^urtiun ih^t EiPA Ji>es no; h.r.e .in elective
ui-Lise compl^nei.- pruyr.nn tW hk-iw.Ly HDEs, They -Aigges-ed Llut the eurrerit ABT program
¦Anhouc me potential dete;i e:\ee provided by effective in-use program offers mdriukctuiers ihe
opportunity to £j.rr,e ihe cemtie.;t;on proves*, ^.r.d jv,ud iniEuJuL-ini; ;uk;-r.ceJ control technology.
Ore ci'-mmcr'iT ,'.Ko commented th.it h PA has not provided sJttlc^nt l". ilIcta;;- iKji the fun her
l]^\ihiiit;» pn'jvxwl ^ neei-cJ lor NOx compharce purpose^, t-oi iin;vL" isras^r^, coznmorr.tors ,t]so
"vF*v^ '-'-11 l''^, pr-i^i-im m^-Jif'Ciilt^n^ should ni-t iippLN" to I'M, e^euliy Mr:ce F.P.A sti;i rv.'i
pr^posu .i Lh_r^e to *.|-r PNt »l..-J.irJ
vc-Jtv'-"-L'JiUi:-?
A"> described rdov.. El'A n„-, nude Nome ehj.-iees to cIsl' moJatluJ ABT pr^r.nn ir- a"'pi.rn-.c
to comments on particular i^Mie^ ^u:h credit J^coujiljng. hor die^l engines. E-F^A K*]ic%H*s
lh.il the t"in..;l vent^n ufthe rr.'xht*ieJ ABT pjocrjm helps nijice the Z.4 g/tilip-h; Ni.iml.ird m
rr.iK,l;*l %f.;r ^OfM ,>ppropn,n;c unJcr Hie CAA. EPA i> ,ih]e to impose a n:o;e -^tJinger.t vundjrii in
muJil \l-„: 24>T14 by :i:MJil\in»: the ABT proamm A^ discussed below, El'A ,i^a continues to
K-Iil'm: rli.it, wjiii i!JiC iKiHlifie-ition-i propo-veil ihe el'tVci the ABT program jlor.e. >epJiate
fion'i the leicl of ll'ie v.-nuiuni, is j! utuil en\ imr.ir.enulK r.cutr.il, NTorfovor, i; ck'-sr lh,it the
pro_'f.:m provides emj^ion<; roduci^iiv L-..:her tlijii ^ s^uhl uihutuisf be .ichsL-vtid Ahlio.JL;h ;ill
eneir.es would not meet the more strmeem vt.Lr.dj.rd Ne^irj'nne ui 21HU, tliejr	tfii:3>Mi>r.s
;;:e ofl\ei by engines ih;s: ure c[ejnerthan the ^ppltcjhle st.ir.d^'d prjor to 2U<>4, Nt^teosur, tlu
nxirc sjrir-^enl ^t,ir.d,srd i-s itself Kisei! on the avjilhbiSity ^"credits, und tlvu^ m^y not h^vc ^een
mar.d.i'cJ in ihc -lh^-cncc of Mich credits Furthermore, l'";ev; early emiv-ions reducl.cn-- prior to
' "Hcjlth ..Hid q.':r>:io;-.!r.eiii J LiiMjps" ruicis to comments ^Lbrnjited 1>\ trie l .'nun
(/'¦ncetr.eu Sc.er.jna liie Nji,ir.J Re-ouice-n Detente Council on K'h.il:"of srvcrjl
o:e.!m/,.t:on". Septemhcr i I. l^'«i. D.vke; A-"'5-27. 'JJ]V'-D-1
14
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2">M rL-rrc-xciU ;r.e e.'.'K :nim>;i .-¦! c:iiiv.-,".¦ n-¦ redi:el irci iconi'<>;:u"- i>r Mraseeie^ i--i.ii
illanuTLi^uch %\M.j|d mm: i¦;!.crv,%,s.j v.jilted M .."l"! v, ¦Akivh h.i\ The ad\di^a^ciL
.ibiuo NLmii^i-'au^t^ ,1; • .:h\c in c.irn eri\l;;s	'auIs .i.h.m.^J teelinoK-.*;.:^
Ir. ^cdri'-n. "1> <.pre_dir-..; .-us the e:r-.Mi'ns rccjain;^, j^rLirci^ a;e .ilu- i-> f.p-.m::.*e tncn
rr.-0,1^: plan-. "ai:I:"JI i'-lt.iII Im^ . *r -"iiri^Mnns icdu^i/nis AIJ H The^e :\h,-.Ts K'lr> -n ..illi-w Icr
:h:	n "I'.; I"\ut *\.-i.!,irJ :h-in vmuIi' ^ner^c be :c.is^njK> aehn:%.!"->lL\ Thr ABF
I'h-inco ili.TcT'ire «-';i,'u,..l l .Mid nrxeilainl\ m .nr r..i..ln\ pLjiiner--' .ipui;1. m Ki>
reduce lints.
I .:r.J 1 pi.>\ i«ic jii :liu%t.Mtion ol 'lis: so pmnis Tiiey	uhen:
,.:c a: en mulled anJ 'lien L--^:J at consistent ,ir.;iu al rale ot 0.5 iVohp-hr per :vj iVr NfK j~.1
;i' i; _: 'h!~,p h: pe; ener.e !"¦¦ r PM The cfu:..: of the propose.! kh,inljc-¦. ,:re iVirn^nuiucuHeis .l:c
.i^Sc io aeaimu,.-¦'.? crcJ::^ .mil -as** 'hem ^er .i I«> n u: ir r pau'd of i unc swh ch.il There -ire rivre
aeuils .iv,= ilaKe uiriiS ri-.isr^1 tlevibihlv. E:i\.;uie * illustrates ihc eHec" nlihe of'.he pr'.ipr.sjJ
A1JT p:0;.u<•"] .;T-e:aee pei vehicle Meet	o^er the tisNt several \ojji rji^ prn^i.irii
under~ sceruno u.he«e 'J 5 c-blip-iir ol"en*Jr. .t earned per engine .sold :o: 6 \eair. pnu; to 20U4,
.irui "hen 1.0 .vb:ip-hr ere.his per engine is !asc.l I'ur tli- fnllowir.j; } uvirs 1 The Apire-. sh^u
huw vfedits in.r, no c.j;iv."d ilim-_i l.; k c-:k eimssjuiis rtfdueuur^ arid ihe L'rcdjls .srk* J hen used to
n||kc:	3..'sr.r ^ilh a E'et mlp.i^C Oil eiiU.sMOiYi ledueTiOiis ul j'cro	cn:np.ir-Jil
to the bjseJir.e siTipja ol :h.e standard r.velf. M^Jt^cL-jrers do not reduee their eiiii^mns
reductions ui j[| jiui only deia;. reductjor.s :o she exlent tniit they h^ve achieved exua reductions
C2iher.
-	Monri.? huk!,-!.
15
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NOx Credits Generation and Use
P ro pose d an d C u rre n t A 13 T
150
1 ii
J §o
I o
k*
O .|(J
f=
.1 QQ
-1 50


- r
¦ s i11111 i11 r ! !


¦«S"
h-" \
•*-* •


\\


r ' V



r-.'
^ 1 nC*i

/

•-cu»ftnt Aur
-Proposed A B T
5-lJ
•ga 99 '00 '01 '0? 'Q3 '04 '05 '0$ '07 '00 '09 "10
P M Credit G e n e r a t i o n and Use
P r o pose d and Current A B T
3000 "
2000 "
1000 -
If!
I 0 -
l_
¦1 000 -
-20OD -
*3000 "
Credits Generaled
v\
n- -—#	-H	n-

—Baseline
	C u rre nl ABT
—*— Proposed ABT
<" reditu Used
'98 49 '00 *01 02 '03 '04 OS 'OS '07 00 09 '10
FigL:c 2
16
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>
Q
~*>
4#
fc
H D D V Fleet NOx Emissions
• :J i r - 1- \ -! r> 3 r: r	^ Li
,,. —_ ,
I ~
1 4
-
\



-
\


1 D
5
;
\
s, 5 s ;»-< n - «,, „ r r , T -

6
-



A
-





i _ 1
1
i
1530
% 0 0 0 i -»¦
Z02Z
:i30 ::
C n n ¦; a r Y q j r
«••?*?}¦? -^'Sii-ys -s-.-;! 0 5 It's*' I llir'iM	jf ar
i»5"a-'3? ?—¦ J! -jfi *.«l * T: •- Jhi',r lie % I ir i »r.J "-iCJ-l v;ir 2C03 -2
EPA diH:> not he Love :hji iho AHT proiium rcvjlts in ilic ]o» o i" cniis-^i »>n. v Teii-jetinnv One
pr:rr,-ir>' s^uc nu^cJ by conmienturs c^t:s.-er;iir^ I.iLk of ;:n in-u^c compliance th/oji jiut
ccMuplurAC m.u.Jir. h;jvinc i-xucv The^ iv,Lie-, ,.:e j-JitrL-v^J below in section l.i. W'sih ibj 4 0
pnhp-hr ¦¦¦Mr v«, h i j n \ •, clleeijve he em nine 1-1 199S. T: P.A tkvs not hchc vc there ;s po'ijrv.uil
tV>r win!nil', crcJ'its lor dicvd cncinos. Kj'.hcr. ce«ityin£ engines be!<»w the i 0 >:/bhp-hr level
will ;uL^iiK- ;r..ini:nu-:i.;crs m-ike cii^nees to their engjnes, Figures 4 jiu! S slmv, |h>)7
Lcrn:":%.jiiitn iVr NOx ,in.E PM emi^ions from diesel engine-,, O: cite 102 Ju;\cl irnymc I'-iriirlic--
hsied in [tie Tjhl--, ,-r;k have N'Qx xCrtifkMLion levels iess slun 4.0 LVPlip-lir, jiuI ^hc
I'.u-vniy lIrL1 LL*nir;cd -i .i Ic% cl of 4,5 ^hp-hr or m^rc,' For dicsel enginos. tPA Ii^ jUo
cuiicluded ir.jt ihe uv\ E^cmi: eLc ni.riii:'.iv;riirers is dillunh ;md lh,Jl there is j neeu tor modified
AB I p:o», -sion-. to unpKAu teeliriolueieJ :c11:\.
* Th.' NOx vf..n.l.ir-.l friur lo the nisufel \ejr '.s 5 l"l i'jf>hp-ltf, ttilh .yHip-hr
betiur.ir..- l"!leeir-l' In; l >j I ''V'S m i =nJu, ^e.ir.
17
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0
-	; -i- j -s	j : i o	± a •> 3	,; 0
n 0 ¦ J D r ; - h r]
Figure* Distribution of 1997 N(>\ IIDDE Cenifkflliun Levels
I iJ-ure 5: Distribution »f 1997 PM 111)1)1-: CYrli Ileal inn IauIs
As js laid cul in the lec'nnoJocy and cum ses hi me K3A, hE*A c\|x:l[.n ±at ir.ctiin^ 2.4
p'bhp hr NMHC+NOx and 0. p.'hhp-hr PM iv 1;I require new icchnuIoLiy, hereiol'oie anu>ed 1:1
Sieavy-djly dicsci or plications, s-jcii technology has pu:enlj;d operating c^st and dirrah;Uiy
impIicv.Nun^ m.iy sr.ike 11 pjvh.k'r.v 10 meet the	to: eu*r> engine t'amiiy
K-^ir.ninv: :n 2<«!-v Sunc ereire lanu-ies 'Mil reprorni a more .hffkull cImI-ito; l'"r ?:u:ir.e
iii,ir:ut.icl.ii'j.^ lluin ulr.cr-^ ar:J i:i.:r.jr".;cl-.in:rs m.i'h ni>.d .iddi'iun.il Unie iVr LImure dnl'i-'jll
Is
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L'liL'iriL1 r„ir,i!,'j--	A:5T pr. ¦ id J ^ th» I l.:" jI aelurcp* "he ,Ic>i.-:i .::ul :ii.;iU"i;;cnufn>:i
lIe\ihLi'A	o¦ nvpL.ir.ce ¦. "-v's I:"h:iiIm...Iy. Im'Aever. v.j'.er, L'r.viHn,;>,c ive;i
c.-r.^'jir.Cw, „:i entries "-''ill K" rc<..„ii:cu "*v I'.pupred -a n:i ...K jn,.cu cr:i:v.,'ih --•¦ni:- A ¦ n- t
cn- reduction Nonetheless. m cv^In,11c ihis. :ss-.i<\ ihe -Veency mienJs lo undcr.jke a
s|ud\ of :he pcrlMfm-iruL" ABT pro^mm mhlc ik ir.L-cph.'-n v,lnch will :n,ir,!.;:cn/c :l:c
prn^Min's ¦•-¦! fe.% ;n deLr.1 T:;e vElilSv '.nil In: jiLiKt* a'ce: llie funiK'jlii'r, u[" inss r.ile ;l
Ivj[o:l: [I:l' 11''R. jlcclAu'.e Ro'-lou	,
bevc:.d coinnienier- exrEc^eJ iv-rcem mKh" EPA's proposal «0 provide a modified AB E
pMcr.irn for PN; even i:i."i:eh ih? PM Mji-uLniS K nni jir^pmeis m charge for 2>	on l-ie v. ell j^Ceplcd principle lh.it for Tno*.f, n-
u\ hitlIl:c L*n:^rol	NU\ cmiNSLiUlv ^ili put up'A jid picture r-r, or.^inc-iM;?
Il'^l'K. ' 11'ui i-, uuc Mi MGR, 'he mr^t hk^ly tcclir.olnpy to: 2CMJ4. hPA c•¦.j-ccliliat
lUhcr jmp[',i'*Cir.oiUi tcchr.oiu.giCN -alII K1 needed to li JiL'cm* lIiln corpjcrn. jnd wA\c design j.nd
inip:enienE.:Cion ilexibility cn'ered hy ABT will help ensure th^: the needed comhin^ron of NOx
and PM eonirol tcehr^lopies jre ".eehnolopiculiy feasible i'.nd cost effeenve
c, Credit Life
Snnini; "y^rH'^i'r'.pMij;i nMhi'J'.sije
EiPA p:ii]Msed eIu: cicditN earned undeE ¦ modified program ba^e jn unSimileJ crecit life
Tlit> chance would jI>-'a nTjni;fj.cluEers w be.in eamne credit ;is c;t:ly iis ihe nioik*' ;.e.ir
t-^ - he c-.ed 10 com ply 'Adh ihe ZW4 skind,irds Under t h;; currcni ABT pn.^rani. credits h.i vc .1
eiediE life of three year", jftc; which ihes empire ,ir,d cannaL K- ;iscd, I3PA	'.ht n-jed I'ur
unlimited credit, hfe m cnhnnce the ¦ "ii 1 ir\ of ;he p:i.ipiv,L'-,l '-[¦i'v.i.ii.l--, ^ivjltl be e.-cjily
diminished ,'Ker 2v.i liic Ai:ctx"\ pr^'pused ihai uiiiinu'ed 3i1e Iv jvjdah'e only Mr credit*
cer.er.ik%l ir. :ii'xlc] %ears ilimuidi	TJie Agc:v.y sou^h: eominer,-: on wh-ii e\pjriv,L'jn
lLic. il an\, would he apprOjniatcr lur tlie piop\^ed credit hte n'j.xktie„Uon.
" Tlii" rcM.ler :s d-.rccteii m ("ii.ip:es - of Ihe KlA for m;ire Lnfonr.,ilior, rc^-irdin^ tl:c N"(H-
PM :r,i;1e-r.ff
19
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OmnrunK
Kn_' HC ir.inuJ^tururs ^!r..'n_-h. Mipp-He.- Irl'ln.:l-	Ii|"l-, „ii:d v-i^'^ed tn,:t ;b_'
'¦j :n:.ir: :jl"ner -.I:jii jppiu:,! only m	;jene; j!l\I f:ni:i rinkM-A
s.-¦ ^nr::j^nll*J lii..t ,i crcJii li!e lini:1 unh. lI-mIl's ..h ir.ccil;sl' in U^C cred.!1* heh'n* ic% e\n.l k.ivc „:r. incense io defer cmr.iin;:
•^chr.^l>\c:u^ s" ' T.:cr r-.-- i>c up r.c crc«Jir- hMA -_iiir.;n.rnlc.l !l\il P.PA ^.ik	i;.u
¦-.iV :;il'. ni „:e.! s iv. „s Imnui:.: .in. nr\\| credit kle m;i „ ;-e:ii-jiiL'iit huMv
hPA ,iIm> :e.eived (.MiiiniL-nK :hn .inlimited creJil Jjfc uji ircjpnjo[-r.iie Hc.ilih .;r:J
er.vironme.v.J £io;ip* rccoiim-ended ;k.ii	n^-J prnizr.im umpire i:! 2< *i-i .-v.I ill./ .J! credit
;:e nerved i-r.djr .he moJi^ed piu_M..:iL he tr,;.-«derred h.u'», m i;k current [¦[oej.LiJi .ii cli..: unit*. K*
suhjiv: u> .i jhrcc \e.ir credit lite limit, ~nd ovp^re m 2C07 Their r.nji>r-.ile tli.it liberjk/cd
lTlvIi:h .iL'L'ruifd prior '.o w.-uUi .lid m .in ".if,:C Inters :\\ tile Ujip-lUOh [m m;sicl um; 2i.i i I
^nJ^ids b„: skimiii in>: be ,iv jiuhk* in. I.;'cr >e.irs lo unculy de-;iy the ir/fiai-icium nf ern:inc>
ir.ee tine the nevx	Ie\eiv Tliey ijjsc.I ;Iil- ennecrn th.il a Longer credit life uojIJ
"he pn);:rti[n'% ability ;o lorce ,mpovemi:ns^ ;u teclirinlp^y .ind ner.erjic reluible emi-^sons
reductiun^ He.ui'n ,'._,d env m'-mr.enui ^rojps jlsn -vL^ested "ke module;! A BT pro-Turn s'neu! J.
end K-eju^s it v-vukl lmusc uncL-n.i:niy tor ^t-ite pliinnin£ rijp^i/^tioni. Supj-sTtine r.s:ion.slc
jiilS ir.tV'r:n^:;s!ii reiMukuLi the sp<.- ur iSic problem ucrc not provided. E-urih;.*;, ihe eornir.cntc:s
recommended :lui HP A ^u[ ,s ci:".-piiir,5 m' ,V5 c/Vnp-hr :ird lh,it enmr.e1- ceniJied ikii^n-
p^;nt n.-[ he eJieihlc t^-r unhaiiCid CiUi'.iK ir;clu-.kny unlui;iii,".l life EPA received eommer,,: Jtom
oine: eon;menlers opp^Mng unlimited c;eiki lite ciedit^, liut they liitS n;M yn.n u!e supporting
n|".iion;; .in; nv'. ^u'rm-r.Ltcd wiilun.: ;i eo^t to the
mar/JLiCUirc: ;ir,dA:>r the eunsume; ^nd tlui> tinry ;i,lx .j \ jlue ts» j in.ir-'.jl ..ciuilt El' f'.ic^d with
e:ed:l expiMlion. mznjt'jeturers 'aojIu kkely u;.'r, of ine Office
of N'roiie Source^. 4<,U NS St. SW, VV^hin^^r. LK'.
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While unbilled credit !i:e .- j!,.; c;c..:e :1:0 p.¦»::11:.JI t lixhlV'. "-liy i.iv-;"n .1 iV'^ t,urii.;0>.
hmmr.i: ereon hte - UlJ l.' 1!^¦ 'i:\i-v lee'in.v-.:;. iic! a\ ;:i Mi.- ;v,Mr k'r:r. -.nice ii >,u:;i!..l iv- "1. -c
!«i-c" 'or in* credits A'.li'^ir'.j ;¦ •>r invdi.iL: nl Licd.ls e.L"!a\s ijk ir:Lc;ii;ve in us>j dirlier
I'jchr.1 r./l:er tn«."i JelaVL'.e Jejrei fi 11:ir,",o
.'li.inuT".u"i:r-_*r». ..nC likeh l-s exeic :ho •• puon ol rer.^njli! eiedits tor h:uiic il^-j I". is o; \J-.ie ;n
Mil"	10 h.• ¦!J a p"il:^c, 0: 11 s^ 1 r credits ,.s a ki:^ -.sop -liMinst hiiare un-ciiauns 111
fH'iiuciini; ii!*,..' tc11 r"^ ,*r He .eeli- e [Hf/rco-iienl Aa,.his	Ui.." ar? n-.-l '.I'-Ci.'.. rut kJ-pt in -irr
a,kiv.nl, re pre-cm ¦¦ "--'¦-iii !¦' iliu em stnrai eiit.
FP.A K.ML'vrs Ji1.1l >: i 11 i T. 11 on aedi! h:e uotdd ill tills Case ;o '^nnx detnee -mle ±e
Jevtf!opn:eri.,-;. 1 .induction nf new tcchT^'ey. The siriRj:cnc> nfihe 1WS jnd l.r.er nv-del
year sMr.d.,;ds i\ ;v-l hkel;- to . 11J. Mr crcoiK in rv cener.iied w ilhoL.'t ihc .ippiic.e.;rn >¦('
.iddiuoilj] enlivens.	M, -1.i;".n;i-.ir?;s "Mil li'^eh expend ML'm'lc.inl re^iv-ji^es in ejr.er.ile
¦crciiil^ Keeul..;orv provis- ns which ;i:iii; manufacturer :~.e ^ibilits ui c:cdi! u^e have the e'lect
of r^Lic 1 n.:: .jre,!';! v.mie .m.: iUu\ a!, so 1 educe the incentive hi invest m the development and
:nir^li:c[inn ol new lechno.oLiv With limits on crcd'.t lil'c. ,1 manufacturer 'Aoula p!jn carefully
and wou,d not ,ee;'.L[jie eiedits n,;t ,.re noi needed in 1 ii-- tm-c frame before she;, 'a,m;|,| empire.
EPA recoeni^es 1 hih:s is, a dep-.iriLae Is 1:111 Lhe eurrer.t ABT piogcam toe heavs-duts
engines hul believes sh.it it Is w^narz-jd Lht* ^trmGc^y of NljnJjids beine :;nJizcd :or
:G04 ,.:id I./-.T inisjel	ImiulEy, the Agercy adapted Lhe b;mk.np jnd tr^dir.e proer^m w:ih
^:.jn;l.ir,l^	tfs? jMisIicJ .ind with j Uek of experience wiih credit prozr,inis. The>c factors
le.iil 1 he Atier.cy to t:0:1 m]rv.itive measures such ;is Ismitcii credit life to iinii* th<; pro;:r.ini"-
I >p._-, Hirj'. ur. 11 '•'•> iiis 1 i;r* "I'.C niutUiKiCElirers 'A Llh ihe .ic^rcw* uf fre^d;:m re|T'-".cr:['.'d b\
Iir.hiniled c:cd:l life :ilj> diem m r.KClmi: the 2W-" :m.l ];j'cr rzi^Icl si.in.Lr^U. As
.:Ki>0, E:I3A diX'" r,ol believe l!i»" lhe pri^'i('ii|n has rcu'dlise cnvijonijltr^dl
Ci,'iLsek|L;er.ces
Ar.oiher l^ne-ierm c-^r.M.lcr.iiu'ii is ilie ]H>ssihiiny iii.it j lar^ie bank ot credos could be
aecumuliiied ]Vt u-< in \-e uvL'd j^jir.st a tuture slandard EPA expects that ca\kN vrener-f'-'ii
?cforc :OU-i wsi: he uved vLibilaniulls to meet lhe new 2(H>3 s?;mJ;iril Given the slnnueiit levcJ
nf the new sMniiard, E:PA docv not expect si^m^cant ncncratiiin df creJs'v Lit-.jr.ed'.atL-iv alter
^W-l. lUi-Aesej, over se'.erjJ ye,ir> M^T.ifjcani gredus lihjIiI ^ jiiierated. EiPA belie", e-, ihat -.h.e
¦.v-'neratinn i>3 ctedils wouSd be berellci.'d fnr 1 he em 1 ron 1 ncr.;. as they would represent.
sK'nifiear.;. ^tep in emissions rccluciinri Keyund :|-.e si:ir.eer.; ¦.landard1' Cf^en ih.i* iluve
iri.iv not he ^.naLhcr new siarajard in p].:ee U-r a number ot ve^rs aUer unlnraicd credit h:e
could be essential tn p:ov:d:nK iiicerii:ve tor eiedn gener^uon. Once credi's ,->.:e viener-'cd, it is
like Iv lhat m;ir/jf^cturcrs wil] holii s^me ere Jus 3orenierg:encies, which sronid result in ^ r^;*e:ii
:oj ihe environment L'r.limiieil credii hie aEter HC'sJd would be a ^nimhe-ini injer.^ive m *l:c AB I
program :'o; the ru!I .i|:e.a1 nl'ifCliiMiJn^y in ?he pos', 2i>:)1 nine frame, vvhvh c.m provide
-icn:fieani ir.lV-rni.i:,,'n fe^.i-JinL' the liability arJ rclubiliiy «:•; such icthn^Ui^ies. Also, 'he
eer.erai^^n of such <_:ediK al:ei Zih^ would be ^on^Jerei! in .my levis-op, ,a the	:n lhe
futu.rc,
21
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r-T ail ".he reas.-i'^	.;:\-m\ IT'A .:!so tii-j-. r.'.-i	i'"ui .. ci!h-pi'jnr --iir-.J,! Iv
•	nir'cncnicd for ucro;;i;,ii::r,: wheilie: it r.-n jii ene.ne i^ t:I¦ ^ihK- u-r ^rcr.iiin;: il nMic.l ,i:e
enrdirs A,l of the eieilir-. earned prm: ;n 2'.hi I ,.~e likely i,*- he ^er\ ¦. .ii.J.„t,ile :¦> irar.u.:vH::c!s ;:'i
:reeUr,..: Z'•*¦-* -.[.ir.'J.:;ds. A??h. ne .1 vX'.i.l 'Hi1 -inn; |.' j jv'^iun "| ;he ..it-iiiK is 1 :"iDv\c
.if!'- 1I1"; rerdjr :h>"ixo eiedr-* iisole>v in neelir.: ;he Jms-i sundards. 1 ri. 1 ^ n-j;Miiu*!y imp..ci,ne
•	I.-	r!i- s;.ui.Ljii.s T.\e ^.r^'ris of a ail¦ is LijseusseJ ;ii deLiil in in.*
k'lio^aie -n. 1 h¦;!. "(1 vJi" !V.Lnui]liiK: Jiui Ci:t P.viik" |n sijn'iir..ir>.. IIEJA I*- ad.^Emiv i.:ih!i-.;Ied
aedi: ii:c Ei r li.j'J 1"s eener^eu uhcli :hu n.whiiL'd ABT p;o^r.c;.J Also, the ABT pioijram
¦aill Cs ser.^a IK a'.-jae.e irjl n^c; lane so as r.OI Li^L% c u:n mcr.jlE inipjcE ort ir.C cn\ Ifon.T.cnt
•	hcy.ind ;hc Ni.jnu'ujr.t hcnctic nl'',illnwir.^ ihc cariiL-r i:nroducijori ut .1 s'.nn^n!
Tbi-- is c-;xvi.il!y iruc	ihc ¦nor.,II ir,-use llcot at .'.riy one lime is nude up \cl:;-.\£v %vit]i
^crEi3":ed ur nianv, ^-.ir<. .insl :n iljlTcrcnl cniiss^^n !c%pcJs, Amu.i] rcducUrtls or
ueiv^iiejC ir.ete^^ON	m ihu ¦.uind.irti ^ill bn dwarfed ^iien ^nir.parcd i<5- ihc ni.i£n;!udc of
1 he ove.Mll emissions icduetMVis li^:u the i:a;idjjd>. I ll;lir .1. jirovidcs .lh uhi-Er.:Uun nf these
prints. ]t >heu]J be noted aSo, tii.it tiic seen.ifjo m^eled 1or Figure 3 ri^prcser/.s a:i
use of the ABT proerjns, for credit iieiK'utioji -r.d use. Actual use of tlie pfi^cam is. uxpcc'.tfd 10
be much nvjre n",<>Jer.-,*.e. Therefore, s^-o pl..ir.riir.,_" should pro^de the lei. el ui eciuiniy
rce.srdless ./f the eft'eel of ABT
d. Credit Discounting ;snd Cut Points
Jiiniri irN/nvsi n^non ^ [|;,- Ss^ic-
LP A pi.;eiS for faiurc ase Alrhoueh iho discoun*. pro-s^dc-s .1 benefit for '.he
em;ronmvx,t. EPA proposed to remove rh? discount because undi^counied crciln> would cnh„rxc
l !i<- |'easi^ilir\ of she propose.! st.^nTird fur liig iiukI*.*1 hv ircrcasuiL; ihc llexihilils
.iv.ajjfil-j to the .nanul'aeiu.vr. E-TW N.-keved tlie noddle,ition -a ju--titied by the
tecliiiolopicJ eh^ilen^e laeed bv ni^nusjctutci > m iiieeune the new sunJjid. 3 he benefits ut
iinplemenung the standard m 2WI4. as cor.ip.J;eJ to a later model se.ir. uould f.i; oulwcieh the
sniak env;r«"'n:nenLk benefit M ;he discount. CPA proposed illrs" the opporlt-nity 10 Kmk erc.hi-l
v. nh'..:u* ;i Ji>eojnl w^ulJ c.\pi:e .H "he en,! "f niod;-! ], v-r ¦>' v^hieh point the 10 p^r^ni

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i i.irr ¦a.i.iIi", :cuirr. I h.j Aeer, ¦ ¦ mi'I'nr.cnt ^ n ¦.>. n.i: e\pj..;n>Tu d;.-c ;: air.,	-v
.ipl-ri,!|-ri.iTE- |Vr the prior--ed pc-cra,;i r.' 'dd il'./uhi crcJ:'. uhCi"iir,*,:n;:
f". inriieiiB
1:MA L.':ni:icr,ie.J incredit d;".<:uJiii ihj sn.-uhe H:ininaied r-<_-r: 1:,:n;.y h.MA s;t;-,ed
•Im! '.vuh rh*	2-'1 "vrc.'nt dr-cos 'h:re will i-ui v enojeh n;ce:\^e f t	.ircr-- i"
iir.^l she :l-s,h,:^s M.',.ess.i:\ l,< n:ip.e;n..*:i! U\- lecrin.'-l^es rtwL'd M tXi'.erale CieuiU V- ith,
Uiuis^uur-^.l -.rc.iiK, li.ere is liillt* i ihehliiu s,.| 111.,: [ > i '.v «j r c ni i * 11 r ^ c ~ ^ i nc . i.e'A Lc ^ i i n I ¦! I < j ; _ -. i ¦ i
I'lh'j: ir.ii.n alior.s i" 1 lie c;i]inii::re:,.,i/ed 1:1 l':uv rii.irkcip^.-L^
EM A n.;rcu in ihc:rcomment* in.-.' erieir.e :iijnu:jauri'rs were wilhnL1 u» .icaiiieswe su ihe
irnptisiuon of 4 cut-point fh,* percent below iKc sUin.J jn.; Seciu^e of LKW miesest m .jiiru:
1h.1L eresiiK are ycnu-r-itci.: K entries ihai prnvjiic irur eni:^s,ir.ns bc'chlv r^tlic; liun M er^nies
'Mtll *:¦ 1 :"i 1 1 rK mare; n.dLv ' less lii.ir. ihe siarid.ird.1 RMA Mewed the cu'-poiT. as ,i triJCCT and
er,ein.es would he iequired [o be ees'ilied below mo crlevel heUue eredits oiuld K* earned
Once cem^cu :?e;ow r.he ui^er, enemc- nid e.isn crcJjis ijom tiie le<.d here ;he
rn,ir.;if.;cUirercrb^£ io set :",i j:HL ail the w\>y up to irie ¦^!: ;%n J u j J. EM A also no:ed ih.it ihe) ih.l
nn" believe lh,ii Mich .1 In^-icr was recesviry
Kealih and envin:ninentaL eruups ami olhers eommemed [Ili; [lie pri.'ps^?d enhancements of
Unlimited c;ed:t life 1 pre1,musty .iddresseih arid no dKeouiilsiiL.': should r.ul be a\aiLinlc fisr engine
performing only m^gmally ^tier dun [he applicable s^ndiifd. The eoininenter's leeonimen.Se:*
thai only ermine* eemlied helov. 3.5 ;j,.'>h;'i-hr NO\ be jlla^cd Uie pioposed erJi.i:;eenienu.
Commer^ers believe NtroneLy ihjt itJv cncinc< rc:1eclin^ jn e^^ly :nt^"\lLetn\-i o: teelir.olr^y
"biuLJ be jI:«vacJ credits 'a ;shout ;i divc^L:nl or credit life limit Some commenters qjc-tioj-ed
the prop.-eJ pri'crjm ^ p»'lcniij! IVt cnc^uMiims: th^x pull -iKc/.d of cicune: lecrin^:-^>. r.-thna
di.il :l;c r.iorc likely result vmII K- nir.^r c,i'.ihr.itinn s'n.'.rHX'^
Me.Jlh u-nd eiiMrnncicnKil i:r4:'L:j!s .:Ki*' [eeuuiii'.eiiLfeii "lut ih.e [i.mutjiei er-.li.inLen.eiUs e:'d
^ nli [lie ZinU niixfel ^e.ir jnd lhat eieiiit-! N; u.nis:eiicd bj^k 10 1he ojieirul pioeum. C'jeJiis
ejjried tn 2'KU .ir.d later rr.cxJel ye^is should be ^uh;eci to the cunenl pro^.Mm provt^cr,1, I hey
sue^esi th:it ihis sciierne 'aojIJ .iidc nun [lecturer1; m the ?r.insiuon but n.M unduly de;.',y th;
ir/roduetior. of HDEs nice tine the prop^^cd sUind.irds
CPA .i'so received comrr.er.^ fron the Tr.'cr^i.isc rj;Mn Tr.in^porLiiion O'rriitur (ICTC1
proiect "Ahich included ,t prop'.^.s| for :in ulicrn.iEive Lipp;o;,eh Rir ART ICTC is inieri^ed in
rn.ividinc ;nJd;1jorcj£ inecntivc^ fur th™ inlrndiielir-r: *.jf" "iLihsluiitniliV Imvcr enii'l in^ ert^ine^
e.irlv as TN-issnlc. ICTC sL:iTt;c^stl tlu: unJLseivjiued, urJiinried eredi" Iile eiedits v-c allowed
vT.I> fur cniisni-s me^inu; :f.e pn-posed sMndjrtU e^;ly. m order la proude such .jn ir,centime.
]l sh.'Uhl Sj n«"fcd fh." Ih*s v'una'p: of .1 :r:siuv 1% •sienifieLinih' diffeivtit than the
compliance HMr;e;n proposed by F:P-\. vvl-eh is, ilis-.issed Mn'.v,
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Aiieir,.iu, t(TC iL'te er. en i>:i j 1 r :>'¦ I i,.tm :¦>
'iMnii;jk"i.;cis <-citil.I ^ '! :2-'"l:p-!ir ¦ NO\ r::ki -..'-er.e 1.11:11/. p::;'-r "o [he 2-"^O i:.'*.!H -.ear
All:; i:;n i:.-: clear. il .:p;v.irs tji„: JCTC iotvriiiL,um.:- :|;.i{ the r.i.ir.jr-shire.'s then he require,;
l-> -ed the 2 0 phnp-hr N(>\ i e-.^irus r. ,.n-J 2'" r>:J'. ctiiii". i~ i'Vse \e..,:- T:,u reduel;^i:s n Ii:03 .mil	nil sol ;he hi rcim.il.
.\i i_';J>ems'inse
LEWs primary eo.il ;,n propo^u^ :hu eh.ir..:es in ibe ABT pr^r.in w,is t<> enhance ino
k*j^ihi!n% the ne^ ^-,in.l.ir-.i*>..! central asycei nt v.hn:;i is the pud-ahead of ie\"ino>-.:v which
is henefk';,^	informal ion i:iat can he u>ed in help er.vjte cit^ idi.ih:h',\ .md
dur.iKhly nl' Mien icehinii,«.:y i'nr .i r:i.ir..il',.s;li.iror\ entire he^vy-dmy ptodLi-T lino, .inJ th.i*. e.!r. re
jsed in -Jininc^tnui'.ti mhor roe.LLtnry programs. I\F'A r^oo.ziii/?^ the nerd in Usine a cji
po;ni :o cr-co-jr/ee the u^e of nev. leehimlopes to c.itn ciud:;s. WhIuhi! ,i cut point. credit". c.'Uld
'-f c.uiu'ul si^.Viy ihr^ii.::i ->ni.:.ler ;nc,rernenlai changes tn the ermine vjeh .is caiihr.iu.-r, changes
While HPA r-jliu^L-h these rediKEnuis are real, :hcy represent minor cncir.e chances ruiii^r '.Ivan a
^'cp Eorw^j i:5 lechrhV'^y. fcPA ai-tee.s thai an appmprMEe N'CK nnh c.il p^:nt lor ine purpose
nl'-jricnnr.i^sna new lechnoloey w^ukt he 3 5 jx-fchp-tir. believes 'lui clus is a Icsl-I ih:-".
%vnuUI irnsuru* ihe '.i^e ot rc'.\ emissiuns conlr^i lechnoioLiies.
HPA. IhVAfv?;, .iKo hciif-1> lhal even if ercdiu ,ire earned a hove 3.5 g.'T'tip-lir N()\ ih.ev,
s;il: rrj:rjv*nt .in incrtiininlal t'r-iiss.^>n reaction rcli-Uvc 50 «h;it In reuuired by [ho 4.n J.vl'i-ip-lir
¦bandar;1, in c;Yccc fn: ir.n%!tfl >o;:rs ^>9^ ilirouch 2W3 Tlie vjeiiil* may K* cnlijal :n
m.ir;,jl^eliirL'Js" clturls Ut iKL'£:ini; tlic ^OTl-l slansiarsl1* ;m-,L should he ^Ho'.veC 10 CV ^eilCf«'.^j
ur:ucr "hi; niodirluii AEiT pm^r.:sii E;.PA	JKu'^nriiini.! credits tor enjime^ above ;h.e 3.5
L?='nllp-hr CUE jV'i!i[ \>:2ots all Jpp:0pn^ Way [a pinviiic an adilsUi?r;al incentive To c-"?!lv to ?c]o'A
Ihe cut pom:, uhile --fLl allu'a jiij eer.eEatiO^ above -|;^ cui-poim.
HPA. helices ih.it ,i diseount of 10 percent would haLmee ;he need to provide -:i itieijiii^tf ",u
i:i:rn... e n;-w irchn^lciiy and a'so prosrde lor ;Kkhl:^na| llcxibili^y io mee; the proposed
siandariji i" ir.mlsl N^ar l!'iMVr. The current b^nkim; ,;nil Ir.iLiin^ program v.s.i'i csl.ibli^heJ w'ilh
siamiards JioaJ,y iit place. f[ coiuainod a 20 pereont lIiscojiic in ensure a hunuflc in ihe
err.ii'.'n,men.c :rom the program and tit jdJce^s possihle ^i;id:all ^edu issues	%vnli ihe
sianc'.irds beinc implemented in J HO-:, chc AB i' prnere.'ii ha< manured and :u% bccoiuo .m
pari >jf the enabhng she 20O-J standards to he feasible. Therefore, its benefit to the err.imminent
linked io ihe benefst proviijed by ine nev. sr,,rjd;irds
I ri|;^bi!c snjrce ltDili's p;^j'.rai:i i^ L^'suiued sp-ecifie.ijly ]'nr lli-e mi.iicl1 humi; cnnl:nl';\I
,m.l :ii.iv or ir.1% i:ni Li-r.t,iin ili^L'iH.nl E'nr L'x.Jir.pk", llie N'aUonai E.ow F'.nii^sci^n \'l'Ii:cIo
Prner.;{i; cnnl.uni .s credi:^ pr-.--\'.rani v,%iIh .i 10 fvi^crit d:sC0u!il d-Jsj^nud En address umJlaLI
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ciodit*. lovao * rF'A - p: u t>>: Upe:i M.ifk -e" S l.;dir;: pro £'.'"11. '.vnicl: K"ir.,: n ir.:;'
;r.m;.irce lit	!.'¦.¦[¦/.nrcJ a [¦_¦:: pe:«.'-*ni < li^'u:::. ' Oiii-j: tT-,L:ir,e njiJuLvry jii>.
¦^Kxt the niv.[\!„d u^-hu 5i) hi.r^p'i^v-r Ph.^e 1 4;e^eI uiiviml" pruji.sjr. and ir,u m. -me c;".J-nic
rr.';:,s:ii. >*o "¦ •" ».vp.i.:iii di^viir.s Kv.h.-L' i:i_* \RT ph'^ani-, 'Ae;u ^uh^l-i.'J .l-.irr.c ir.e
s*.,N -.l'!nr-._¦ pi-Ci» jr.d ¦a.-ii* linked in i:k' k'.i-iiKk!*. o| ihe ^,;nd,iid--.
S:iuc H\\. a- ¦'¦.- -C,', -.11^'i'-c. Jm-js rin" he' 1 ?•.? ;h.il "her;.- is am, anhurulic cr"'« uvnraJ.'.'al
di"bei'.e:.l ¦>.laied 'AJTi she \B 1 C";icepi .is ;l applies 111 tlu^ ir,\'.-.nCe. .j di^vur.t .s n<>" rt\*d,*il
as j means ?:vl.e.;', 11'.: env T.'r:r,.:ni A discount can. iv^e'.er. he u-otu! as .1 means of
er,cojr,.;£in£ the pull-ahea.] siiimfic.iriil;. cJeanejcri£ir.cs',;ecuJio,ei!.y, 1:3*.% bc!ii.".c> :kat :ke
J;^"i"i',ini !') percer:'. fnr cn-inc ^(.-neraun;,: credits umkr thr nifulificij ABI' piv.^! -n jl |-hL-.
? 5	sl*i\;_"n ihis. parpuse 111 thin unlcM ihas p;uir.uliiK; ;Kk= ^'iijl*. "he
rn^RufacturerN lu rntrel ".be standards.
En re-p'^c (<¦'•¦ ILTC	n-n^. LP A is concerned Ll~i ,it mini erne nt me enher ui I C'TC
recnrr.niend.iiinn". v.vul.i severely resiric: the abilny ot the m,inuf,iclurers :o earn cieditv E-.PA
beb-'ves :Kn ijurrt'r/.'y rj_.-in*.ie'.-i.- 1 -1 rt-r- .;:c run iri a pnsiuon 1m produce die^-fueled engines able
M mucl a N'{)\ ."e\eL of 2.0 ^.'bhp-hi 1:1 a maimer tlial vuuld be r:i.i:ketaH|c ^r cost effecUve
Social \ea:* ot dir-elopr.efy. or 2.U c-'rhp-hr entries are expected beto^e ihe enyjnci \u;u;d be
markc;uKc on j wid<>p:cjd	ALihonsb tJ'A appjeeutes the ncncliis ot und "h-iret .in
;nlcre^l ir. ?hc c,-.ri> introduction of 2.0 e/bhp'hre^eir.es, EPA be sieves that the ICfC
recommend,,uoni ^rc v<~j£ii aJiijc^tiJ above,1 in 2^)i)4, KE^A Ivkeves thai valid |H>nit\ luve chjlMi ni^de 0:1
:\ith Md-j-, oi the is^lo. Due to the s'nneency ot tlic s^ndaid. nianuractuiers jenerannt: credits m
2f«J- and ; he realtor ill do so ordy throuch MpnitlcLint extra effort. D.scountine din"jni>he> the
mar.atactLirer-i incentive to pull ahe. u technoIoLiy in the p-i:¦:¦•( tmic frame Conversely. EPA
recognizes thai the need for earning creds,ls in this 'ime frame in diminii.he,l ccmparcJ lo
be tore the 2i»- mocel year because Ehcrc arc no new, mtus sinr.ccr^, posi 2t¥)-1 s*;in,l,irJ'- in
place AUo, ii J:>co',ini Uix's provjiic an .;d.hl:^na| ncne'ii m ^mimnir.eiit in c?\.ebangi; :nr ihc
flexibility trained by the nianuf^ciur?!.
62 FR ^1 192 (June (i. 1L»7 1.
" ii'i t-R iAucum 3, ]^5:• and FR >: Aupisi 25. b'^i.
11 The C'lnroau ph.j^c I rak* \\a> p'.jMi>.|;ud June I', 1^4 i5M E-R 51?1 h.;i and the
re;j'.:l.i"^T^ ,-re ^'-nt..ir.i"d .1: -iO ("ETR Part Sy, Subpail t". 3 he ni^nr.e rule 'a..s p!ib|i«.^,ed
F;id,i%, rK'h'ivr -5.	j rR520S,:S|.
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It .1 I'.Kil is [•" he	tu; 2: ^u . ~d ' iicr ev "l-hm" rv»r-r>J :i;c ;i_^.!
I*T d:e	!*< lii" 2^'- vLini'jru. K s|n-i |,1 H'	^r; lti".!'...'i n^i."nl|\c E.>l ".he
>i",cep;s -L'.ip'. !Lir..:
AB I ..:..l r!:-j research ,>r Mi:: sOEJ • ¦sire.* l redits under the 2i»4 aUT rri'izrair. %v i.I he
i\,• 11 NMHL"-NO\. '.ho niL-eer sh.uM K- ,-rj N'MEEOVJv. A;;.!, v,h:!c ,.t ill!-- "in;-
rc is htde J„:.sto asceria.n what ermss-vn level will uisbn^uish truh cleaner techno.Vpy ,n !>
2'hi.; ..n.l L ior -:n't- fr-nrc hi*A cxpe-ts Mi.it s.-me lfu\ Ic^ ih.in 2 l*i .vb'-ip-lir NMHC-»-Ni K is
kk-cl\ i'.i icikv-f Mich .i	"hi:i l'n he innsisrcr.: wi:k :l:c 1 ,J'-'S mj^cr. kPA beliefs a
!?.;• j.-bnp-i'.: d.ha Mu'a ihe sr_r-J..:d u c I ¦' p'K-.p-hr NMHONO.u is app;npriate Becimtui
in, eneir.e far.iues -.eek:.!ie [.* e.eriLv.^e credit for h .ink me cuM re Le:t;fied ^ 1 !J eohp
NM!'"C-N< )% in 1'ij discount Those certified .,V\e I 'J l: ¦'"< Il p - Ji r but helo'.s 2.4 e/b:ip-|-r
vkhiaI be liiscti.mlc.l 10 percent js -aj> ;hc lor p:e-2i)"W credits under the CioJiLicd AIJT
CMUKKim.
¦»	V
cirj.nc^ ceintleit pnor rs^ 2IXW uLih FTJ.s Sei™ the 2'H^ ^Und-iru sli.'u!d he
allowed [o Lvr.Mn;i; In cjm ¦jnJisCOJllied credits So: a Minuted peruxl afler 2'W; It the families
e^jiied iivtf; ;.i 2*iU ,;nd I.ife: mod?I years This pw-idcs jJdiuoa.u ir-c-jnin^ in pull-ahead
engine-, meet jilj Use new standard* he for- 2004. Certifying an engine i>eJow tlie 201)4 standards
prior to 2[^f4 fcp'rc>c:r.^ a \ei\ '¦iJ;iiillLMr/ P'jll-.ihe.id nf 'c^Kr.oloe^'. To j I low [Jie ef.^u;e In
jicr.cr.iU" i:r,¦ ji^ur,"cJ Jicdir^ ir, 2-J»15 bu1. [Iicn l^eisi .ipjilvim: .i di^co.ml in ZC'i'.U	ihe
engine M a kvci t:ro^crliiir. L.9 ^.-hlip-ki NNtisC'-XOxi vonUI ^ub^'anually trunc-'.L' ".he
in%cn;i\i." m ir;rodiuc the engir.e Jamih pr:or to 2('^>4. EiPA helicu's ihc years smmcduilelv
K'llo^jn^ ihc irr.plcmcru.r.ion ot ihc new standard on'er tlie nms" diitltcrjzcs lo m;inuf;iCLu:cfs jii
'enns cf tocliro|i\^y ,>r,d josl ar.ii ibiis that	cetufi^d m less ihan 2.-5 ^'"bhp-hr
NMMC-NO\ bc'Ve;ixs i2iXi-:-200rii Tin* ;r.rcc >cjt pcr.od jllo^s nijnufjccurcF-H the lull l^n-jfu ut"inirodueir,^ a
new eiiuMi.e :"ai:iuy w ic11 an ITL ivli-w the 21XH sMnilarJ^ prior lo Jl.X)4.
In, vjnmary. Iz.^A ^dnp'.mLl j NO.vunly eut pniiit >;3,5 ^¦'l-h.p-hr for 199S-2'KJ3 model
yc.irs, BonkeJ credit1, earned b\ ciiL;:nc^ witn certif2CJi:f-ri, leveK ah>,ne ihe em pv'ini v,\uud be
dive-.Minied by -0 pcrccnl F»>r 2'X)1 ar.d later model years, tl'A it csuKislung a NOx plus
NMEEC a;: pnin: nf 3.') c/bhp-hr, Dar.kcd creJtls from en,eir.e certified to a level above :l-e cui-
p-i.-ni sh.sll be .Iisc-;h;;iIl",I hy jfl pcrccnh unless iIn.- esveinc family ln-.s been carried o\er iron: the
2<>«j? iriixiel yeat. For mjcIi cjrr>--o\ertfnKinc,». creJiis thull not be tkscoynleJ until, modei >oai
2^'HJ7. hi'.Liilei wuh. ee:l3tleanori IcveK .in: helnw U:? cul-points ^hall earn undj^coanfcJ, credit
I he cut-point1; and discoursing methndoJs>gy apply lo lv.ch NO\ and PM eredics isec :hsa:s--.(nn
on p,iruculacc matter below;.
i_ l:i siinii:urj, the SOP'.s il'sCjXCu eoals call a;0iElt MiLius^ry-'^oveinnicrU ce^eai-ii
procr.»ni 'o dc.c'^.'p an ¦jn^u'.c With NOx levels oJ L.0 g/bhri-lir and PM le^eK of 0,(j5 g/nhp-hi
wh:lc mtimta.nin;: perlorniiance, dararikt',, safety, ^nd efficiency.
2(i
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c. Particulate M.uUr
iriri i v Pcs.ti-1; . r. >¦¦- i[>¦¦¦
L:P\ pt.'.<•> -prly ;!jj rur-^ifei; AEiT prncMm lacrciiiK ::en-,\\iic..I !¦ »r p.in.cul.r.c
m.-.tler i I'M: rcJik-'oT-.i. as -acN js Mh [cdLCtn>r-.s While ihc P\T si.m.iarJ .is pro-user. w-.*u;d
- li.jnL'L" sr. 2lM'l-i. i!:.« creJ.iK eer.eralcd ill the modified AliT ps^ram -a.-uIJ av,;i!aKe .c i!".L"L":ny 'he PM -a.ir.d.-id m Zif'Xj jrn*. I.iler m.jJel
Conimgnts
Fk.illl: am: env i:unrne-nUil Jro'.ip-- op^ed mcliuhng PM in ihe moulded AB I psuct ^:n,
sunn^ "I-.il sire-.* F.PA pooled nn ch.in.ee to the PM ^uiulani in 2W-t. ihere ;s no rcas-cii Ui^r.
iiuc-itdC Hirers nIhuIJ Ke psrrniMcJ ;o cunJily for unaccounted, jiumsted life PM credits lu re
used lu-A jj J the ZijNi-i si.ir.d.LiiU. The cum [renter* areue th;^ hherah?eJ. ABT !Vr PM '.viil j|;..va
m.ir.Jtjct'jrcpi to reduce NOx ai ihe expense PM, \ce Hut Mratesiy will run help ni..:njt\iei\ire:s
i r-i n-^ii j«"»n lo 1 h-c imal IOUJ emission li;ru"s  Tin* comments. also roic lh;i's "pernuUjn^	PM i-s mconsisient with EPA'* goaU U-r
hber.jl:/e;l ART, which is i^e^ened to heip manufacturers mike progress inward ihe I'H'W
YlaiiiiariJjj
Encme manuLiuluie; comments r-n ART did m; liiiTerenlJ^e bcVAecrc NfJ.\ jmlI PSt
emissions. EMA. tor example, suppuitei' -arumu^-d v;c;lii life and iin,discour.'.ed credit t\r all
credit'.. Many lecturers did no! make scparale .jrgu men's j'nr NO* .tr.d PM Their comments are
addressed elsewhere sn this document,
A na ImkMesm use
E:PA believes clui n appr^pruie lu inc'iu'-e PM in the modified ABT propam. f-'oj mus:
m-ey Under cor/ml technologies, there is a sirun^ inverse rel:i'ionkhip between NOx ,ir,d PM
which nivike% it difficult m cunuul both pullutan's ai [fie ^am~ ismc The con:rol technologies
expected to be u--cJ :o ledaee NOx to :inn.!eS '-ear ZtXV: -eveis ;>:e likc'v iii ir.erea'-e PM The-^c
PM mercies must be uddre^sed by the marcat^cturej svhich mc.ins ili.it r>r,e ol" [he eftecK oi ihe
r.CA NOx standard "a;M be to require m^^uiactureis to inip]en'.ent icelirmli^y whieli aehievi-%
hoih NOx ;ir,d PM rcducuans. The techno^o^y ^ ^vadahlc to accomplish PN5 re..li;c['.,-r;s. rnr ,:i
iliis p-i.^nt si is no', certain how effective or costly st will he sn c;ich farmh. I heielcte.T-PA
believes ih.15 applying ihc ABT nnoJitlcalior.s "o PM .»> well as NOx iilow.s the nianuraciutei
nn'-re llr\ib:liiy ;n iidifressinj; the lechnoloey i'-^nes involved wuh reducino NOx cmiss^ns t>> the
NO* p'li^ NMHC sun.l.ird Nrir^c fm.di/ed in ihis rale, while m.iinl.iiriir,c PM emissions a: i) If?
y.'Thp-l::. FPA n.-r .i.cree i f h cam mergers' cuncern ihat l;her.:lueJ ABT R-r PM will
enci'ucai'e nuJ.'i!i:a^U::ers to pursue NOx reducLinn technologies lhal lerni 1o increase PM- I~PA
eXpOCIs ;r.anuf.:L'iU!e.'s lo puisne !e jllrii"ilo;:ies lhat initially leduce NOx jiuI "en,I to mCiease PM.
a^ard.'ess >,:r ABT |Vm ' \l because they ^;e the ^niy npe or leehnology tlte	:Lai are
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t'VsVicJ ;¦.• JiUvv* >te 2 -1 L"-ihp--r -.ijn.Lird le-i-il"1!^	'I'il-J :i:>>.:i"'.jii AnT r PM *ai.I ,il.- v.
i:':jr:uL:v;!u;cr^ "t-I:;,-r- qii:cki'. m i;v; j.OI	:o: NM3it"'NO\ .:'\j PM.
Mo.lifiiV. ABT Ut I'M r:i.;rv.if. ci'.ircrN	Elc\;l-:k:\ to he.p make i.-.e ir.oJe.
20^ >-i's ;e\e.s icL^ive [.* Mil" ^.m.l.ir.l, n5A Sj.ie'.jv rh,-^ rhj vjj'|--<>;r,nu'
r..;iun..U*s hii¦».: ,:prh> 'o PM	NO\.. k';iitenth, tlu 'K IU L!.bhp-hr ^.i-.d.-.rd j ^mrsee:1.;
Ccriiiyn;; cn;j,ne^ t'clov. [he sun Jardcan: lkvIis w:|. require
liiU lm: I'll .:iii.Ii:i'>n.J L'ir,isMii;-,s LiinlniK :n,:rerne.,lUil ;o tb^e neeced '.o ;ii-."l;I fl ]Ji ivnhp-hr „n.j
theieN-re tiurc aiL* n.* ¦.miilIIjII 3*M credit nv.i:|.iKe fur r:i.:r.,i|,.clMrcr^ In .:ddicinn. tlic ABT
C'j,ild pru'-iuc >uii'.c i:c,-.; ;e.*r.". I'M leduei.vT.s h:\i»;;d lii-'-'-j icu.ji:ed hv ihc %j.inM'.ruj-jt: c!%
k.nk:ni: of v redlN
1 hclcl-'ML*, HP A :•« 11i:u*iui:he Mir-di:Ie.jhons c-ir» the ART program In upplv ;o PM m The
i,im; mamer as they apph to NO.\ emissions. as devils:..! *n seuiinn e., jhr,c Engines rneeimg
ihe N'fk ri-'.|n:r..Mi'cni:n cam i n J; ^.nied credit*, ,.,«." u!,.i he ekeihle i*-: ¦.jji.kM.-cunii'.l PM
*,:e;J;is	r>..nk?d PM credits 'aouIJ bo discoursed hy IU peieem. The program appLcs
In hf'li pre-2004 eni:ir.e^ .mil jA'l and Uilcr en'Cne-*-
f. (.'tirnplkmcv M.ir^ins/lri-mc 0>nipllnrKC
Sumn.irv nf Issue
EPA proposed lu require1 ,i minimum com pi iunce	at tcriiticjuon itli;: dilfercriL-e
hei^esn ili^ faniilv ctni^siuns limiE hy ^Kc nurv.if^ciurcr -in.d the oneiric fainiiy ceiiiiLcauon
•c\cll o: 5 jyj;Cui:[ i;i i'-rucr "o nl'i.."l- crcdils un.!"r ihc iKndificii ABT pmuTJlH. EPA proposed
[lie JCuUi:e:':iC:il due 1< > cuiKL'n^ tlu; lunula^ucrr^ v.mv.jIi5 ul^iurw 3-^e h.i\c .s"t ir.k""ntl\e lo ^ii,-,%e
»"¦; e.i.mna:e '.heir i:u:pr,N '0 cjii jdJinoiuil ctediis. '] t:e m.ic^iri- jre needed in addrs.*^ engine
eini'.Mons \ariabiiity ,sr.d the ^nulLcr ^tre	^h,e m<>ie ilv\ iheie is ut enuino t.ulir;^ in
tlu1- ^.mJarJ .it SEA or in-usc, To provide ^ddilionul jlc\ibi:ity, it 'a jKci pn'po^d i!-ai ;l:e
nLinufjcmrcrs be permmed \o u-*c ,i min of less th.in 5 pcr.:er,; r.\{r.i:f> ih.it ..i lower rn..tidn is --ufrll;ien.(,
Ci urni'orn-.
Scverj.1 commcntcrs found	to he serious i^uc tlu; severely -jntiu-iniirie^ ihe
L"redibiJt;yol'5hc current ABT program for highway HDHs. a.^ well js modifieatiun o: clu;
program. Ho;ilth and environmenuil j!roup> noted that EPA eorrecdy identified a ke> prn?!cm
..mtJ comn'cnied Jnai ^Jlovvinc rn,!r,;if,x-iurers in e^ncr.ne crcdjts b> m,irj:jn shavsnc pru%id?>
:iMni.;f.:clurers vviIh ^JiiilaU LTtftii's. Tl:i: AnT_ru'.m f uru: ssuvi.ition prnvidc.i a dclail^d
aiulvMs nf d.it.i d-iuuin^lialir:.:. i:!.!r.jf,,eiurcr prJC'iLis uf rL'^lneme enir:plijnee iiur^uii iIltiiiv; a
luudel \l'..: AcLn;d:nL' lo A3.A, T;ic d^itu. vi;^L'd illriii^re liian unc k'.jiu;!j^Ieier redue-jd
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iiMiJins .Jlet i:*i"'l ¦ c c "ih i\v:r;:nl m;. 1ir-» SH.\: re.lii-eJ. >>r Im.I :m-—.'.: P..*
L.'.nr.ur.iL'r ".'le.l tli-it'u -i.r n-.; -i-;e..: ni .l vuHe refill -Lir.n:i. in* M^T rr- Ji.n:; pin-. i.u>
,:!i I'pp'Ttun. ¦% '"i	;u ..'.mu ir/nidium.: ,u;v	c i; 11 - -1 • 11 ^ ...inifi'h
Tbe N"''Im'Xjv St^te*- inr CV-. !uii;jIl"J A;i 1 '>¦•	1 MiiC'At \Fl .iUo c. mmer.ted
iri.it *.v.i ic-mII thre.:?. ih:re ln;lc injcumc u- set 1-fcLs. al .ippr* p:i,j:c 1-jveU oven ir. she
¦i..J11_:ii AB ; prn-jr„:r: Thc r prin.iry c."¦r"ccrn tint m;*nuhirers h.svc Jr.ile ine^^e r<'<
btiLsjp?;>'pr;.,\" k'.ds, e.-n^.k-iir-.j i~-use d^winr.tiinn.	i:ktc is r.ocrediMe
cihTCcn'-cn'. pr-v;r.ni^ tn iJenim -j haul's -.v iii<_¦ h- .itl" nn: jwiic1. mi.' H\l .s irni^e NE^C Al.'M
rLVir.ir.cni'A'J "h.il "be quiek uin,!	v.s .i> in il% c Mil- i^^ul- k uii.'i firm commuter.*. in
r¦ '¦.111nl-I\ Ij-'s". .m.I enMiiie m-u^e tin'^sMorii sUii.Lirds
Sl-ac;,:] ¦.un'.u'.cr.rcr-. :e..vr.iiv.cr.dcd O'liir'k.ir..:.: irurjin--- of greater :k.in f percent. I iu-c
e^mmcr.ters preferred u!nr'!.:n:i: ni.-.r_„::ir.s m, :hc IH in , ;-ni r.ir..:c They r'>:c-. 1 ih..*. .1
ccmpii.iriLC n\ir;.:in nf 5 '"-eivcr,; ;n.iy nnt en-Lire n.tc ihs iujIiiv hcr.ef:!s beuv.: snj^ht rcc
.i,'hii:\ed ami thai .i hi^Vicr Ji',..iii':n to,nu|j mme K'lwMjt £;isL|[l' emission Tddjctiuriv
J-n^'iiic ni.^iuhi^ureis ubo vjbmiticJ eonimenis re^iRhn;! the ^ppropnjteness nt tcquinn^ a
(.¦•ir.plL.ir.Le r.urjn'i. i:MA oTin'.enred ih.it EPA i:iim eliminate the cnmphance m.'reir.
requirement, LMA F.oieJ rn: their
v"nitijt11.jn-_"(2 l-.ijt.lHuity. TIil* LMiiipk^ncc immn, rcpfc^^cd r,ol only jn the size o: the rnjigm
bui jKu in ihe qu.ibiy j^miuikc jri^i st^i^icjl jeeurj^y ;hjt ensures engines wi;l compi> '^r.h
ili*j s^umtjrii. HMA also co:n:ncnlcJ. thjl Es'A fjilcd to rccncni/c in;1.? m;'.r.;it«cturcrH use their
puhJuction line data to bcl'.cr Jctcrminc the si/c enmpIi.;n^c m.ir»:ir; needed ;mJ .iKn sb.it
ni:inuKi::iircrs m^kc rjnn.nj ch.jniics in nn engine I'^nnly in nTd;*r m improve "be m.i:cir.-
E-.NJA bcjc'iCs th;it by requinn^ .i Lirjer iiMr--i;n ili.m ;m tvu'.ine in.iinif.iv^^er unuld
Mlhe^ jNe set or. lhe:r own. EPA K	iiisL-onni:ni: urirdi'^. Tb.c d^ci'iuni ljii Ik1 \urs
vjbsianciai ir; cjscn wnc.c an engine f.nr.ilv IT.l. is icLitivcly clos-j; so ihe stjiniard. i'V-r exji^plc.
,:r. er.iZir.e ecrlifieit to 3,b ^Ti'ip-bi .md subject n> Uiis :ei^jiceniv':n could only hjve un bliL ol .v^
pbhp-hr. u nii-'ti ifp-'e-.L-nh, a 50 puiiior.' l'.isenuii: on Lie amount ot credit ;h.il eiin be earned
EMA cnrnmcr.:i.-d du: it:mm m£ one d^couiit ^:id repi;icifie n wilh .Csnlher discount is not
..ccepi.iili; givin ihj.1 ilie jvjjbbjijiy ot'credits is cr:lK*-il lo in.ir.MC.iciurcrV as^^meni nt tlss
:V.is;3i;lLiy or the proposed stjr.d^rds in ^ h i :.
t'uimiuns Enoire Company cnmmenled Mm: Cnnimins	sL-is jpp:opr3.:te ir.ar^ns jni
lii,.: the ihreat v1* coniph.ir.ee ,;udi'*> prm^.k's Mi:i";eiL-ni sa^L-LMids j^jnivt nurjin srnivm.;:
t'jinmir.s pio-.ided EPA '.\;ih -in	nl me u.l\ sii uhieli: improve merits w pivsjueiion .lh-.I
me^i'-rentcni -..iruibiliiy ir.m b:ir,^ \Uc j-npjLiUo:! ilicjii closer ?o rhe sl.ins.Kmj Cuir,ni'-ns .ibn
r,.¦ iciL "b.it i: i^ pn^Kc I'nr th-j Loiiihcjiion encme to turn O'.H to K:	sUruLird dsvuii.-.us
^ j
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Ii-. :n l!i.- pi-r.il.i!.. i; :i:c_;-. li.is-.-,; .-n -i.lIi t:.:l.;. ,11; I I;;. ;i L on.y .ji.:,i„. in h:'
1111c.;::s• rt Ci'jld K* Ikvi. .mJ sjvuid hi- ..J;>r"- FPA
LJci;o:: :>.C"ci (.nrp.-i;.::n*':i ,..s.^ vvnn'cn'-'d ::si jcii'-Mtnm :n	ir.iruuis i- Jj-j
!" improvements ir, qiuihs c>.t,'o\. C^mii Pilm:. ..^ricd th^: the ihre,.: c! SI: A I'.i:lure ^ a
inrncrxtoK d^rrxr i<-» nx:z\r. *¦':iivm/ Demx: D:a^\ -staled ;h;it ihcy have never en^i/ed n
ii'.-ir/ni .11/ .II1..: '".•hc-fi ih il n-.n'i l.'^U rer-- .ire il.H ir,:>;in;: ir: ^r.ir/in ul,j e -ci: "ii ,m
i J «J Kim-* Del;,'.: I J1 ¦_* -- c i ri'.nir.ircn^ -Im; L?A jJdres> iEs juii-ciiis hv f.-c^sinj SUA audits
¦.p. en j;ne ri^ :hev uc. lu'-c iiM-l/ijii.-v iii ir;.:.n^ 0:kci m-inatuCkiier- nrowl-d Mir.ii.ir
comments,
EPA :cni.;jiiN ".er> eo licensed aUiui she poienii.il for mrzin shaving En/me ni^nur jci jrsr
s^'emerUs I'l.i' ;:n !ShA .-.'jch: ls ,i "Lhsuniul deterrent in mar/in sha\;m: do not ,;ddre^ ;hc
cr:i:-jjl issue o| FEL chances .it;er EPA has conducted much ut i% SEA icsimc :or the mode;
vcjj. C'Il'u:I>, ilv*re is ai ams! die vpfeariinec of e^ming in ihis pr.icive. In -i few minces, I-HLs
are beine -l*" iiuTi-illy v, iih lar/er v'umph.a'c m.imns and :hen u. ;ih a decreased compliance
margin i.iici 1:1 the :iiodei \car vxr.cn :l:e ihreal of SIT A In diminished 'l'hc Comments snbnullcij
ALA provided da:j ^ examples -ol :\:v-. practice A'- .uUbk J;i"u demor^raie.s ihji in a fev%
cases compliance margins vseje seduced over 'lie course a:" [he model \s--ir w;ih no apparent
vh-ir.p: to :hv er.dr.es themselves. If ihese changes ^.:c [lie lesult o: reduced SEA audit ibfeat
r.^lier ih.m urriroved :iMnur.U'U:rin.|! nxlivxh n; inmut^eiuiCE .ii..di[ ihe jh.in}:cs could ;e^u]L
in uncalled cicdir-s iviriv: /cr.iT.ikxl The ch;nsxs r.olcJ in the examples piu'.ided by AI.A tray
luve "reea h.i-^eJ mi jikI:: d.^ra, -*imi ih.n i^ r.ui u"!c;jr
While ;he A^encv eoncern je^jrdjnv: tli-i ivsuc ^uiirir.'.x"'. EPA r, p^-cent wi-ul.l huixc been .ih|e ^n '-u'lrnii d.^.t 10 certitv in
a smjiler niacin ^ecord^ng: ;o the prcijv^jl.
On. h,:b.ncc, the Acctkv believes ih,it :he >vjc nt mi:^in sh;i\ing js lv^ jJdtcssed ih.-^ugh
A::ienc> vornpuiincc .i.;nvir ic% ;,,nd iheretore no: fin.ih.'jnp a compliance iikirgiri requn LMr.onc.
A- rcvoriner.dcd by one	EPA beiieve^ 'h.,iI, b; Lir. the n;o:-t ;jpproprule means ni
.:d,lre^sinL; 1111% i'-m:c is :h:oir.;h ;; vi.iblc m-Usc ic-iirc proer,tni. Addi'ionslly. "axinc fur,her
-¦lep*Mr/-.*', '.uspecl er.^ir.e f.nni'ies in ihc SEA p:ui:r.nn is .iKn .1 v.ih.l recon:n:cn>i-il;or,
j'ur.l'.ciriH'iic. jdditiMiul clfn;^ r.n ihe pari of EPA lo :e\jeu d.iE.s s'jpfx^eiriL: ninnmi: jJi.inL:;'^
'.vol IJ aKi'i Kj u-.clul. All n| ihc-c iteiu^ and olher app;o..el;cs slhill be e^n^Jeied *U\ EIF^A
11
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?¦	aiidr.1^ Aj'jrs-s -..','iicer" s -\lvi, ..d.lressir.: :;".e rn.ir ^!n	hM:j !.;n, ',:ii
ElPA's c..iinp!i.i;ice jal!i.'i.:y L,n tv , 7"l:-d in \ currou: ART r^^ram .:¦* vu*ll „s :hc ri-'.Lkic,:
,jir, A:icr c hi^h/scll hm
Sunimarv/lX'*>crijfIone Is%i15
t£lJA p.op,,.--:;J aL'."-s ''i;i ^;uda r.e ra l .on and ¦-jctL11 .is,.- nn .1 s.i'.cs-wei^nieJ a'tMu.'c
horsepower basis in !icu or the "ha^ Ik-HiA-uN U'u." pro vigors. uf ihe current AB1 piosuiii,
" 1 ¦¦ .1 nii m dl.i CrH *S(i 15 io2i. B'J> "j'scjI Jow provisions require ir.am:|acU:rcr>. *0
ca'cul.^e	genera led on 1 he I 1 horsepower rating within ,-;i eneir.e I'.ini'.s :,'d
cjodits used hasid p:i ihe hivpesi hnr^epouur ralme 'Ailhin .in engine fa.Tiih. This res.ilts in ^
pciuk;- In (lie iiiji,.,jl..cl\ir'j: Ivljusc calculaCions usiam lower horsepower's result m le-^er ^:cdils,
ihun 'As:h lusher hoi^e powers Based or, EPA's 0:\per 1 cnee of runnine 1 he ABT r>r-v,jr.im, t:vj
.-Vcency believed t:ut mere is less need for che pro1, Lsion ^riJ :oaud "Lai h could be removed
without e;n:ri--tr,LT.5«l U-ss, A> v,]lh 1 he olhcr proposed modifications 10 The ART program, [he
p:opusui.i lenmsj of ibc ki_% ki^h-'sdl low jvovisidn was meant lo enhance ihe fea.sibhiy uf the
new scandatds.
1 1 1 merits.
LMA ;cj'JC'-rcij ^J,,;i:^jui.-i vil h]s.\'L-. inTcni '.villi r^L'.jh.l lu i3ie hn\-hn:h. \c!I-^iivs p:o'% .sua,
¦Anich :TMA re j,irds ^ jrio±.er jorm a Jiscouru. HMA helie'.cd c, u> he ,1 disgouni bcc;-.'jse
credit L'encr./.iori and use w,j,s .net equi,v,;]enl eo che ^^les	crm-.s-ioiiv iW i]i;- ermine
family. EM A helieveii it iva> EPA'> ir.ferii lemove che diseoujit jviir.aneniK kj: [he pmp,w-J
:e^ul;iiicr,s did no; :ruikc it clear ENtA ;.;ho believes lhat the pr^^ jsion should K* j^mi.vcd r't.^:ii
¦w	a	....... 			
the current proi:r.wn upon publication ofihe iln;>l rale.
Afj'y sis'R i- s pi vise
3:tTA proposed to remo\e ihe hu\ -h 1 gh./^e11 -k 1 '.¦- prnv^n-jjs arid lefkiCL* 1* wiih iKeihCKSnln.iy
uf calculating eredit.s "rinsed on che s.iics-^eLehccu average horsepower of ~:3 ^n^ir.e lar^nis. It
was and continues to be hPAS ir.;cnt *,0 remove 5he discoum perm.ir.er.Uy, rue to; imxliticJ, ABT
only The provision i> revised for credits ecnerated und used co meet the 20<>i ,«.nd Liter mode]
uv;r si.iniiards EPA diJ no*, propose an.I is n,ot lir.aa/bL anych:ini:e in the current ABT
program fur jredils v;ener.^ed and usgj in ineel U:e model sear I9')fs 4.0 ^:l^hp-h" NCH s[„;r,d,:rd,
h- C'ri>ss-oL'li'r Cnis.s-su!K'Lis*;, ('ros.s-c.itc^or) Trading
^ I
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SiiriT' irN¦'r"'1'.'<• 'J i.' l^-'e
EPA ir.MtcJ L"0:K;r.L':iiv .-n Uu' ..prr.'p.-K.k-n'ss of. ^-mc Liicr dale. p;>^ hl: u> ,.]*¦
tT'.'i!hs ira.hne between lw.'.". i i j1 . .1	ye> and 0;U' ^^cSc:„ S'tu-een suIvI.ihm.^ ie li.rhi.
rm-dium, k\i\y	im: K-v.v.vr.	ic.ij.. hi.in.! "¦¦ni.M.I env"r:-^-¦ ET'A
ui.l :i.'! |':ij¦ Li-"isuiei jh'i suJi ^l'.j-- I>1 r l:n« nalcnA;11-_r On'--—!1 "i,;-_i::il! ,:L*.ir. a
<->c.e is ^.iircn:]> pci;;ii-1cJ H'\ aiic, ^a1-	li.e NPRM
C nmiriMils
Lt*A received a vjf.et. o; commer.'s	e:oss iJ_11[J ol c;ed*,% Siiir,c em", n-j
manufacturers ^-uppon jl.'.vA.nt; such tradinc. UM vj^cstcd irymi: a ? \ear trui prut'r.::ii -m *.hai
".he Acency ki\.ild beiier examine the r^.e^h-J; Vrvr.ef.l's to manufacturers. GM noie J cIi^t tii-j
program vsh'.jIi: .;||i.iw ^n-a^: Hl-\;niIi -> fn: in-inuf.u-|urc:^ in man.1..: in;: ihcir product hn.Cs.
Detroi; Diesel Corp,-ra I; on iDDi"i aUo loinmeiiled in s-uppo:" of cross "r.uJinc p roe ranis. DDC
argued lh.it ihesj proji.,au^ do hot :iiL:oJi:ce ci'iiiipeLitiXe ih s,:d v an", i Lies. for manuf.ii-'Iurcrs wjlji
kmited prodac: iir.es l:;, lae smaller ir.ani:faj:urers wouIlS ,:*so benefit from improved fl?v'r>ilt%
Mack 1 rLUks pii-cnted co^iCiirits [lui opening it\o pjo^r jm to ctovs ti-dnu: mouM p-Ji Mack
jji enonr.njs corn pel :isvc disadvantage because 1hcir product lir.c :s limned to a smcle fuel and
subcLisv Mack. presented jiuiiicmus arpumenK I'or why ;hey bcJicvc that such prooi^ns vwvjld
in re,iter; 1 he ir evidence as a truck company. To summarize their rationale. Mack no;cd lri.it
w;nJu;l credits would Kr jvaiUVnlc i..n sonic mjrkcls. M.:.ck uscJ js ;?n example of 'Air.dJjl;
credits, gasoline cn^tnc crcJ:is. which «ir,iU5 K* c.isicr M earn d-.ic *o the inherent nature of
;cas.^ir.e Ecchrolu^",. NUu-s ,i|s^ noic-l tli.is for miih; er.^irLc •L.-aie^kuics. r^.r.ilaK^r.s arc in ihcir
'.nlancv .i:id .Kl,!.]lK>:-at enu-iMiT.s tc.*i!a^Eions in: Cicdils nuv Cs'ist rilu^Ji les^ ikan for llic laics'
niL'fejr.cnt j] cii.i:iL's: *o	jV hcav \-duly en^uit: s'.jjitlai Js. Marluf^eiu,*t;rs .iccc^i 10 'hosu
iiicxperAive Ciedit.^ coald u^e ihcm to ^void making ihc chances to thejr hichw d-.esel en^nes
:hai the sLar.u.irds 'Aould 0Lhen.vi',e ;ec;jire. Mjck com men ted 1 h.i L "hey see no :ncer,;;vc for
competitors to sell credits to one r.n^lhc:
N'RDC COinn;cntCi' Ih-It («Toss-s~.ibv'|ass, (,toss-(,mIl"l:p:v am! eroHs-siijicL: l:jiini^ arc
ir-ippmnrijie and ynr.c.jcs^.Jr,r. NRDC .hd r.ol	lh.it lhe necessary piecoiiditions t\?r
effecir^cncss, enfoa'eahihiy, and elfiLii'iuy c:u cs^iMish-c-d by the Acer.cs and therefore liiai
sii,"h ir-dinu: schemes uih;1i! seriously jiindiT ihe deNeloprsi^^l ot K"ter technolocjC'. and ;he
(.real:;-", o:' a .i:ui clteeiiSL; \etude Iket. NRDC lurlher commented thai EPA h, o pro% k!c-i
sul H^ienl esaiilaltori oE the eeor.ulllic ar.d en1. •. ronriTCnlal impact of such, approaches.
Some con;mciv.er> expressed interesi in. ensurini: lhat AOT rfstneiinr^ did nr-t impede m
wu;. the ll 11 of ere J.;- Ku^een aherna'ive-f.u1]	am! Jiesel-tL-eled e 11 ^ 111 -j ^ t"i'iiL:iicniefs
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¦¦v:iL",r .ilkT-j:i*.c tc .1 ¦. .ikab	fo- o .m.r'h i-re v\nh :h¦: pr^p"%!- J	F'.u;r.
L.e!
v^.-Li.J he ,sliced I-^.iii^ cmriuM/e rl:e r..,c :|:j| :rrr:.i:fiscIs car. aiu: v, ul.i.
f^y ;11 ;np cini^^<11 reJrcluv.s Farilser, IIF'A sh.--.ilLi ir.Hu;.: ,i ;u!cnukine rpoi:11;: rlu
lull *•: Jcen^r.v nes, ^h;c':i corre-.il> evc.uJc £ikjn>">l. ro K; ce.-:;fied it-r u\e ;n HDl-.s
.1:1 J hence ej-ieratc credits
A n :;i I we v R espcin w
r.PA remj;:is ::ilere^ed in the risibility h,s adenine credit cxcIijiilil^ due M the rvrcii-uL
11 :ep:esenrs l.-r 1 r.c 1 l'.!>cd co-.; c::ec;iver.ess oj nion 1J^ source rcpjljhonv Ho'Ac.er, EPA
understands ihc concerns profile J by Stick .m.; J.vs no: believe th.il cr^-cl-iss or cro^-i.-\e!e
eM'h-in^c c,:p. !x* propped nr."!I f 1;pfiiVrv::[n: ir jrkel pi jee ^unp'/iiuve di^u-.U juraves I:. 1 s been
J.ie.jUJleX ..^dressed. CifJl.v, h.1 unp.inies 'Ai'LlJd h.lNC UfieCrJ.jJ ¦jCCC'ss tOCjedlls due lu i.JMlIiT.s
in piodac: hr.es N\ Mile it is ;rce tli.r. there ni.iy be expanded opportunity lor tr;.:dinc arw-nc
1r.jnut.ic1 jicjn, there ;s no assuun.ee th.il a manufacturer w iih ,1 n.-.nra'A product lir.e would h.ivc
.:cccss lo cn.M:e'n credits ,il >1 pnee tlui wojld .slUm. tiiem 'o >em,jiii c^nipeunse. Aku, FPA
unJcrsUn Js ihc concerns r.nsed by NRDC jnd j^tees 1h.1t more analysis would. fro needed on ihe
fii 11 scr^e or' ilu r.jirjfiej'.iOris. ut such proprjms N: lo re 1 he y an; IJ be Huiher pursued Therefore,
ihe Aee-icy 1¦¦» no: caking .jny .idion lo broaden Ehc ABT p1 in ;i]or-c ihc 'ires mi^csuM in, ir.e
NPRM.
1r response to concerns rejjnJin;^ jl'crnnuvcly iue^'d c"'ii:ir.r,'v TPA h.jlie'.e-, U:,n
nijjiufjciureo cu;rc,iii> h.iv-c Viii:":cicnl llc\ibjiit\ in jllmv tlicui tn Uike 1'jll .idvjjiUL'c u* eredi'^
corned from -.eihn;^ ,ii;crn,.iiSM"ly 1'uck'd cncinc--. rrh^-l'iiL-l credit ewh.ir^es .ire ]ier3mited
amor.i: encme f.imiliCN of tlic ^.inn" oclv -ir,d suhc'.is.'i unJer ctirrcnt ieNLLr.-jtuCtuiei^
j.rc provided 'a; 1 h si£:nit\Mn" leew,sv v.hur. ihey c.ite^ori?^ ejicine< mto .subclasses which jHoV'.s
jh.cm K>ccn'-^jcr ih? fucl-us.iiu: nt ihc	well .ls the c\cle ot the cr.pir.c. liFA would
nnucrt.'.kc .1 ruli-viiAinc u> es'.^hb^li e I st^nd^idi Lind ?c>". procedures it ihc Acency believed
iheni [o be r.eedevl. F fo'Aevei, cjrroiu. A iloes r.ot know of any nkinufj.'Eurcr pl^nnini:
s/erlify jr. etli;niril-fLe'ed ]iej.vV'duty encir.e jnd ihc retire K"Iicvch ik resources .;:e heller utilized
OH Iui^IilM pilO.'ltlCs.
i. I'rban Bu.s IsMies
SjiiDM^fegrigjmaiilLgJ^g
rPA priJpuStfd the sjmc modified ABT provisions i'^r urb;iri bus engine 1jiili;iL'S it did :or
.|-c li: [|ls. lv.ohwav engines. EPA l'.:J nd prnp^e ch.in^es to oiher aspects o: the current
ABT [-tuluJin 1h.1t relate specifically U> urb;;n buses. In ihe cu^er.i program, urban '^u^-cs may
:rj.!e NCK ^ledit" 'Ar.li vihe: enci^.e families in tlu-ir ]Tiir.jry mrer.deu service class ;LHPD.
MHD1), HDDS)., hut 1:1 .iy only l:aJe PM crcihls wirli p!l;er u:h^:i hi^ev

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r i.iif.mcrijs
LV:r»'ii Diesel Corp,[MX" \ .Jed ¦ i;11~l-nLrcLLViini-*-.-.li:-.; tr.at ;l:c ,.nre;i! Abl"
:>!¦ "Jljf.'i !v eh.in.ieJ V	i!i Xi'U .in.i PM vu'.ij-s he	r-ev.vvcn in;-*, eii-j;!!.'
kuniKcs ifiiJ f'.hor en*z u^ H ii>¦ ',**¦ 11»11>ii^ i!.i.j*\!ed so~yi^\' el-t-ss a 11.^ pr..'.*!!*.!,.' cu^cr.'i* 'Mii1-
NXH cnii^..T^ credit '.U:e;e die ^jn.l.irJs fur i;i-j uij^iil- /ir^up^ vire lir.c -.ik.c
DfX'	:-.¦•!!.-h l!~.e tv-v-	^''iip-, 'i„ve dilfcieni P\1 J:ji ,N. i:i* .nr ..ji:.i!il;-
ivr.ef.!	ti:~ ^..::i!e. t)3X* tiNn ih'-Oji; lh.il .in.ess ed In ."vjnjra' erediK Hilil i-'.l'.cr
en jiiic ; .air,ike-,, I'M	'p^Kine, _::,d Ir.^'inv: is r.nl .i nuMiKiiL'iul npunn for nn.:n ni-.es
due m ihe vcr\ n urn her of cnemc :^iilsI.es jmi ihuu kut \nkii:es PDC t,":r.:ii?n!eJ
:hut :he a'p^zrxz ,i nixMn.n.::ul p:-iL!r\ijr, u ill h-iAe ^ nee-une ur.^Le; mi ihe [oehn^.i! iImmHuiv
l	>fc-	W	B 		 	- -	
vi the 2*j-- ¦¦ir.ee
ir.u trrtilics ..re rne.ir; f-.; rcrlc^™. reducing up jrwesso in in-use cmi^^i1 ">ns
An alyi: i s/Responsc
EPA tvlic'.cn ih.it ;jlUvAjac buvcn^nc I'-inuhes use I'M credits liom p.on mh,i:i h-c-*
ijnjiLic> in n'xet the urKin '^us I'M ^.s^Jjjd i> conlrjrs" La llie ir.tenl oMhe ("Ji.Mii An ,\ei iCA.A •
The CAA --ci U'rth .i m-."-rc -.inr,^nt. ic::ini?"!¦ 1^rcinPNt '-kinJ.irJ tor UEhaii bu^-es «,4Z [' S.("
"55-31 A Mow in;: uf run u:n.L,i hv.s credits could result in urb,m bus "Linuhcs rc%er hav.n^
nu-L'l ihc; :r.n:tf slnni:eTil s!..n.l;irJ. THeaMnK. FPA dnfs nnE hchcvc th.^ .ilUivvint: such lr,ktir,;' 0^
IWT lsl'Jmx .jpl-ciijuuilc in .Akhuun. Else kM'.ihiljct	urb.iri bus sUn.LirJs is discu^ftl Liicr
m th:N docLimeni.
The preamble in !hc fin.il rjic cs";..bhshmL: Ihc urh.m bus sUmdjrJs m,idc Ic,ir ',h,it itc
kTcdiis sh. H.ld he vmIcuIuJcU upa^nsi "he vertifxMiion si;ind.«r415S FR L57O0. NJ.irch 24.1^931.
The l~m.il mk* ,i1mi i!i;i" d^rint:!n-u¦--- lesUng 0 02 ,:/bhp-h: wnu!d be .u^icd lo ihe FEL to
eskibli-^h ihrJ ]?'*£] m whie'ii m.in'jr'.jci jreis wuiM h>c held .'x^nunt.Lblc. HP A K*Iic\cs i-'i.it«,tc:Lk
irijst tn: l\jIu jhilc^l agjinsl the ccrlilic.i'nm sr.irAl.inl iiEliirrwKe ihc L'cr;ii]cjlinn skjn.Lird is
ir.LMiiinLMews. For e\,:iiijik. engine uilh .in FRLoffK^'h e/blip-hr ^Hiki be ,jS's\i; [lie
'.undJLfd. Yei. |[ M'Ouid i^'J ejrmn^ credi's it %.\itcu]^Cid	[lie ut-JsO vtjr'.d^td.
There uouid no longer be j requireme.n to meet ihe ee:afie^tion sljnujrJ Ihe p'jrpo-c oi
Jlo^mc u somewhat higher jn-usc staniiird is to adJresN in-us? d-eierioMtiors uncen.iinties
^ssocLjted wi'.h '.echnolnpy u^cJ to meet ihe more strineer,: i;:run bus PM N'.«.r.d.'.:d Allowir.;:
in.inuh-.eHiirers in e.irn creiiiK .i^.uns1; the in-use vt.induivl lU'tV.iis Us piirpnse.
i
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j, F.ffi'i"e «if refill Life on i. red it (k-iUTjEtun
gjirnn iry'tX">cr:"!;»';. "¦ rl:i*
Crj.U: .L",:ciand crc^iu use L-J.ul.ii.; hc,n j -hejv \ d'.uS iii;.**.e;, entires i 111IDDHs i > Z-H.i.i ¦ Hi mile-*
.inJ '-va-> prop, w J - ,j mcNMs:	miles ;n 2UUJ. Tins	it: useful ,ife creates .a
p>i'.-nU.il compile.it;^n At the modified ABT program Jujiru: veurs	credits
reeded K .i jOO-* HHDDEn v. uilJ hi" fl'i pcreent more than tho^e ireneMteii by pre 2f.nM ei;c:iiie
i.i-^iiniir.c the ^.iniL*	mu-reirenl i. The .iverjee period to retirement oi tol'u i!d r<
HIlDDI'.o :s ..c -1-35,<> hi ink's hum , m,* tiieiieni:;-. .ire iilre.uiv opi'Mime ciiiH'.'ri'j over
tlus ImiilV: |'lii>hI. Bu-cJuii tins l^ji.ami she e\pee;ed N0\ .::iJ PM dele nor.i!:or.
eh.ir.veieriNi.e-' of HHDDts. tPA proposed sever,-.; opuons to address riiis :-vje
I Require ih.it ni.snuf.icturers who \var.i Hi ^ener.jte eredsls in moueL veals 19y>i-2u03 under
il'i-j modi,! ied ABT pro^mm a-eejv. a L^etij] hie uJ	miles for boih credit caleuLation
and :ri'jse liability. M an U t usurers nuy peu'aon lor jii alternative ireful life period under
1	he existing AB1' resuLnons.
2	Alternatively. since NOx detenoraliiT; is r.e;:] ruble m current tejliiuilrj^y engines, permu
m:innf.HEi.'re.r^ f.o extend the NCK deterioration factor used ir. cerufvme the criyuie r^mly ;o
ili? -i 3 5.000 mile life lor the purple of credit calculation enjy. The extension would not
unn-ose ..d.huonal eertilleatHT. dnrah-htv requirements or extended in-use liabLlisv.
il	*	ft	r
V Strut," PM ;!eienorui:on n.is mueh less eon I] der.ee in the reliability of projections from Ihe
cmiLT." Z^O/KIO mile useful life. ;j|iusv ni.inufavturers ut generate credits fo: ihe ion..:cr
p>jnod ruK if" ihe in.inuf^elurer aeeepti in-usi; It.ibiLitv Ut "he lunger perii.\l.
HPA xOtiL2;v.: emiuiuni on the Jicir.aij\e approaehes in N(Jx eiedit Licnira[io;i.
Commenls
Orpine :ii.ini3i".:eiMrers coinirtenieiS ihai N^'lt \Ox .jiisI PNT t:rc iin-s s:hmuI he a I Li used i>» he
erneralcii froir. lv')H llirojuh Z003 Lisiny.	siljI^i vMihuut incururii; halnlity be\uml
2|l,i"), riules. N'GVr stated that PM L'dtt;nofjtiori is inherently Jo*a lor	rueled lmil'-.h^,
PM cieuit cejvjj.tricui should be Jutomatie La liic full useful Jii'e of -j5,fXX) iiules v- nhout
uKuning jJditional jn-use Jiahjhly
Health and environmenUil grcups -.iron^y i'-hjeeted to any eredu >i| hv, .ina: for longer' i". fs
¦ALthout Ihe jssurar.ee of ir.'iisc K\nefils As n ii-enerj) pnneiple. in order to recede ere .hi hir
emission teductmns over iiic useful hie of nn engine, rn.niif.ictnrers must a>.o he liable for lh^e
i ed u c 11 or*; s.

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An. I-.,,-.
The n:..nny.i<.MirL,i-' desire "m: Vl )\ jni f'M vre.h;-- ¦, lii:cur¦-L,is",d!J- _:i\cn the
u-lM.iL hk* p-.Tpuli .::ul ^LuiiUr.U bc:ni: un.ih/f.l r',',!.r. Hr.uuvi.-r, l; ^	ill./.
be tic J C-- jcrtili-jli^:-. • ir in-u^ir h..'iility, ](tju jiuuuUclurcr Lj<. s'.mr.i: li%'inic,J
¦ircumcrji. :h>ii NO\ <>; PN< dc:ciuir_[iu;i i- inherent!;.. Uv.v v^er the	jsc:"l! Li:o men ;he
n.:r..if.:kinr.T --h-'.il,* -cccpi responsibility |vr 'h.ii jriJuiiiL-ni RfKiiiu h'J.'a %-n opijor; ' T,c Ai'.l-
rL-Ljiurc^ 't,' ..lUiiji w::ivc s" i-, n,'.A jb\; m "he recuLilinr.N and sllcnliiivi r.u other .'pUOlis
ihis ,.j:pn>.idi !. i; i;,e :ii.inu:'.KHirer who wvr/s L0 mii\iriH/e c;cd:;:s. i-;p,\ believe* !|:,i; 11 Is
onh .i]-pni|-r:.Lt-j :o j!!ou NO\ .-id PS] a;-h:s M hr jzeriCMicd lor j I oncer u^;ul ii:V pcru-d :\
tlae iiLJiiLt.^H.jer	lub:hl\ furl'ik* l,-r\.:cr useful life
k, Calculating Crt'dib. Based oes NMOli Rather lluiri NMIIC fnr AlUTn;i1i>elv Fueled
^"ciiicKs
Sumn.;nvPe->crr»«v the l\v.:e
FiPA propped .j modified ABT :w;2Mm for 1*198-2003 to: compJunet: v\i:h 5 he ZflO-S
NMIIC *¦ NCk sUimJani. I'niKr ;h;s rrnj>!s"J- crediis wc:c limited lo NO\ only due to the \isrs
L'.!'a HC le-. l"U >it nio-sL liLMvv-dulv ermines 13 IDFs i rd.ilsve "o ^be le\el of ihc standard.
Hcumn;!!-: m ZiXU, NMHC h NO\ credus ucie proposed sn K* jXT,er>iled Ip.i nice: the MjnJjni.
ht'A tliJ r.iil pti'^osc .ii^y .-.peci-il provisions 'm .silcriijin^ly fueled \ehK"les-
Comments	.
NC1VC r^quc^ed tli.ii certifiers of jltcnuuve fuel cm; i Ties be permiued lo spec sate NMOG
uiitd vjb^tituie re_en\ iiy-.idjusied NMOCj for ine.js-jrcd NMHC !"¦;?r duicrmimne compliance ant:
aHT credos. I: 'a j> sLi^c-ted :lui tlit: eiluiiL" p-n:!ion ot ihc NMIIC is ijuitc ].tr,:c :n ih? cxh.s'j^t
uhcrfiacivc 2>jc]cd cngmcsi, ja coir.p^:cJ to ilia ejUlius* fsam pt,"ro3euii;-h.i^d cnninf' fl
uas fun her ..i^-.crcu th^t cihanc is non-jejedve jii tli-j torriu^im of
The* rt-qneM from ihc NGVC i^ b-isetS on, sh.c us'-fUHTj ih.ii the non-mdnarc portion o: iheir
lT»droc..i.rbi.ins c^ni-vsiuns less phn:i\:h«tiuii'j||\ rc.iLMns ih.in sKc non-inglhjrc p«tri|i>n uf dic-cl
or gtiM.jii.nc exhaUSI.
While there is not ^cry mujh djla jv^iUKe, it is. ^cncr^Jly true lhac trie emissions oi
¦iJciu-ime tueicd cn.i2ir,c^ ha\c j h^her proportion of les^ rcjctivc eon^tiuier.'s ih;:n do ihctr
pj:mleum-:i:clcd ctmnlcrpar.s. However, while ihc re m;iy be Hmie differences hnicd or, *he fuel
u^ed "or lmvch cMiiKi^ion cycle, NNfflC L'rni^sions of c^^nu.ii ly jI3 UDF.s uirc Ic^s I:i.in 1 >.5
IP -1", r, in-kim: ihe pii'cnlL:! dU'LTcr.cc cjus-i-d hy j rL*^':vi;\ ..djus-1 :"!>_¦ ri" ic^i
36
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J:\:	'•a„is^ |ivf.j NN'liC" -r Nf'iv :i«-i NMOi'i ~ NQ\ a sr.Jc >>: :tv r.csr >-f
rh-_'	ai ;r,is time 'avl;.I ;c_".nic rcp>,p'1'uj'- ^iilm .in\ a^eompaiiMn:: env;;i-Mr:e".*.il
[TCTIC cti..
M.nnLKriii'.i l!"C 3"rikl oi [hi' >.l.in,:.ir.i a*. NMHC + NO.\ jI^'A'Du C'\r:ec;:«'il 1ni
cL'i,./,o ai :i;e ;n„niii acturer'^ npi:orc .1 ¦ rslS a'ierna'i-e However, ch^ was nr.! p:t!pnil" IT dn tVa-rce
S«nce :he pre 2ik>4 ABT c:l\Lk *a ertr promised m he based ^olelv on NO\. K'.e ..»s: mis,
r-.'ierf"i.i[ cn.tr.so w-hld no: v realized unul IW4. tj^en ih.:: .j rcpjvpn^K wvu.'d be needed m
either ..luriee U;e fVrni ofihe ^Mrd.ird ..-,d ,tdJrc\s related jwjis m in JIu-a- ,.n eih.in? vorrccUv:!.
LiPA wul de'er an\ a.in'ui un::l "he neeo rW Mxh a ^ Ii.inc :-,nd the rendu ±ereur L-..ir; ~r>e '-c in other credit programs hu*. iti.i n«;r
provide ^p'jcifu iclju Liters larc^uai;*; on how ihK ^hou'd he :mplemen*ed. EPA a>ked to:
comment whaL revis;ons n,r ctajillcationi ¦ li 1,1 In; r.csilL*d to ilic ART proj:r,cn. to dliovv fonhis
tlcxibilily while pm>.sdir^ asvur^nce th-.it ihd er-edits wrvjIJ no; 1-^ u^cd by bpcv::f\ credit
^jipoiuorur.eiu hj vaiiou^ ^iiuations. "Hiis w.i^ vu^pti^L-d a^ .1 inc^n^ 1 n j,vciid dnuMc-tMiir/ini; oJ
e;edit> ,md to minimize admiaUtraiive p^pcr work ar=d co-iK. NS^iuiaeturer'. requssicd
ckinljeation that the credits could be traded between all fff states.
Detroit Diesel Corpor^Uon iDDC) sup.ce^:ed tJijt the Aeency -n."-u!J 1'oKo'a three simpLe
principles in e^ahlUbmg a crcdis.s exch.'.ncc p*oJic>: <: 1 :¦ the engine manukiclurer owns the credit
in the llr^^ rnsUr.cT, i 21 ihe manufa^usrer is n I lowed to tr.mst'er ownership to ario'her party, which
¦-snuld e ! k\'!"\ ely "c^nsunx" ^es -I'-f ABT .:n;l. f 31 ilic ntani:facii«Ter'>
|j;inili?\ :'.,ir ih? in-iiM* lei'.LlsmaLv ^l':hc crdiils woisld rtr:uain ur.chaniied. r.r.^ir.c livjl'c or u".l;cr
vanablci which 'Auuld i;upa^; jHc value ot i.ie eredi^ in any oiher ptogram ^rn;ld be r.hc
rL"sj-o:jMhi!il^ o: !i;>j p.irtv lii.il 0:11ai:icii ihc eiedi's.
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il:c ^uii.n.L'iil.'. i!i NG\ C J J>Dr :i.*\c nu'iir The idea h o,mv: ¦!j]icr^;ric^L
!c'• c 1 ;or crej.t .ipp,|n;.T:i;L!ii alii-**.-* li-jiJik ii¦ rv us^d I*n eith-.Tike	!uiv.-r ¦ _r
ire criLl.nc purchaser "a il"i-'ur c-1i !i„* en1. II > mrx'nl. T ei:ii^^¦ hi ¦ t*\ cK and ' l'w'I'd
s i i,"1 cvuk'. he pre-: J.ont li;.eo in "he -.l'iii^.l a;>.'ii aj p;ic.-':uii miil t-Lai:-*eJ ,i% needed	ike
year; Vf.ir1. I„,!'.iro*-- ,1 p:n|Lvr ..".J icp^rr ine r.ainK"! s.vJ a: e^eli !e\i*| i¦ ¦ r i~,c parries ¦
CtcJ;: jpfV'iw.'i-.irLMil :•¦¦¦: c i: 11: u v.Ijs rcpo;;eU the 14:1.. I no manula^ure:	.: | r|-.L>
credos jcitci./.-.d Kt^l-o;} ir.e H:L and il:e siandaM For sales reported at :l:e level nt lhe
standard ny '.he m^nuiacLire;", t'ne ci-.J'ii:l." pu:elaser uoiud ^e: all iho credits iri-Nrtttcei: -lie E-E~k
-irJ Hie "t.-.'.J.u'J Ofo'i.ir^o. lW rjrp"vcs H ci.-;i:lie.:tioii jh.I em'ivceir.enr. the m^nu*aounci
¦.vi'ii'.l .ilwki>s K" ki'ki -ucn.inLih!;' ",n -he t:tL. Ctoh r.i^jrjctuiej s>'aiil-J v-rc.SiK co'jIi: -v j-.cc
ha" purposes nl' rLCilifxjr.-rn ABT pm.:i\.!rns.
EPA is incajJin.' in - he AB1 p,vivi-,, iv- Mt ihe final :a i e an .11"w..-c[Vr manufacturers to,
vpct'ily irurfccuMc crc-J:i leveis >MCUl. -inJ include*. jpp:upr:.ili; :ci;uUvry	cc (e spccit\
;ke	nf i:-,is. n.-v-jrain Because ino *-t;/vd.:.;d applies ei.j Jlv to ali 5!)	cor.^sicnl ^ith
E:.PA\ ir.'rnl in :hc \"PRM, in.* program vm 11 K* appked In .ill s[.:tes. i natnvv.t ule l.
J kc tranter«»r credits tinker :fi:s piovisL«aii lJ*.:.j ^ run inip'A ihe valid,! v nf use i'f inc^c credits
in, oihcr cniissi.in procr.ms Credit, pu-ckjscd tinder tk:s ptovisnsu lur use in nihcr
hvjs: ir.L-c:; ih? .is- ;L*i:-jircri?r,:s i-l" I no cniisMuns procr.ini^ Ibr 'Ah.joh Ike;* puioiuisjd. Fur
t:\.ui1pie, local umiss^ins ^r^L'.raris s^ill liWe,_v havo lin'-il^ on ill" CCOiZMpniC soor-o Ot OiiusMn;!-,
rcducl:s"ii> :Iij[ arc used :ur iiaJin^ uui ut n;hcr cih^mpiis pri.^:nms i ;.c 'kc crcdjls :tijv iucd [o
he hod lu e.T,;sMa"h rodujii^iis ]ii [he >anic nor.aiE^inni^ni arc.s ur inc s.ur.c urb,!n airsncd
modeling dom.jim. AUo, Jiodils pu^chaseii jnJiji I ins. jpiovisiun rn.iv r.c-J ii.i H- onverlcd lo
ur.ils k.'-: cmisM^ns u: 2 si u^cd ur.de: ike onus^iriris prn^r.Lins	c]u- credos ^ro
purchased.
CPA lie ¦.c- ih-; ihi-s provision consistent 'a t:k ike ^tat^Jll;1^^., coj! ul prr-nuuir.^ ihe
..L'h:c.'vo:ii"ni u:' th? j.:ri%-K*^! .Jtrurcc ofojiussion rcii.iction for hcjvy duly cnji;ncs lakmo uiiu
.u'euur/ coMs, criery, ,:~d s.il'ciy, The i'Tip.h-;C of :ke ADT p;'j^r,i[n. incliidir.c Ibis p;o'. isjor., *,'¦ n
s'jJidarJs been es aluale>.l in Lisnneel^vn. wjl'i ll"ic ^lEinii nflkc .'ippropriii"? s'.iinJ.irds. Ih.;>
p:0'. L.sion 'Aill no' result :il any HiCfeasn' :n gL-nej^Ced eriUssii>ri eredils^ evcepE a rcsa[; of aerial
reductions in cmiwioris troni coruhed cn^in-CN. Tho jnecr^.itos ereaicd m liiu p:uL;raii> er'uld 111
fact p:oi7H'-ie the dc^elopnicni: and use of impiovcd oniss^ion conirol "-jel:i;olopes.
m. Labeling
EiFA J:d f'.i.'H pr'>:'^?si" ^:;v nc.v lak-L'linu re^.|ls 11 l*irents t^r ^kis ruleni^'Mnt'. EiPA rs:eei\ed
e^nruivjni -It.i: :l:e A^nev, should icunije alJ eneirid^ to he L:he!!e^ 'Aitii iheir cjiilsvioej^ letei 1:1
order :'o; ccairmer,: haddei-.. end j-.c;-., and ^ir e-a.^ity officials t*> easily identify ;hc ciiij-.sior'i-,
perform.'.noc of fr,e engines. In response. Eil'A re^uialiens curiendy rc!. 1 re :hji crcines vcrlif.od
38
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i'¦ ..n FHL. :.niie: i'-i-ir.	lx- LibdeJ v<, ii'-i 1",=.' Hit. t Xhci vm-c.
in..: i!:„* era: ire ,s-.LMfitud in L.e	.i~*lc -1. i m i - .-r l; -
n. Trading Between AH 1 Programs
kPA :c-:ei'.cc. OMi.rrcnt h.;t r.u;: a Lauren -oou.J r.-iL ^ allowed :o	cencr^ed ;n
"I:c c.irreni r!"".-- "r!,,r	l'"r o.-.e p> >1 hiusr.': uhilc ^cncr.iVnt: cretin^ na ilu "-aine l-n.nf
IV'r .inn'JiL-r pu|,nl.;r,: >n liiL" iiviyLMlvL -ii^vam Thi¦% o^'n'ivr. iluc U'- I IK :c^tnm^lltj*
NO\ .in.i F'N[	,rS I r.e :v! iur._-.i [,,; |-|L- ,ikv-k',iM.',* .![ |]|._' l' i.r\:r•¦¦ C [h. thj^: In
re^pon^., S'.F'A prup-n^e-J [w,i '-upj.1.:''.' programs cnj/.iru:	wiv.ilJ not K* ••.!l"V-eo id
Lr; Kv.h Mniullaiiet'Ll^y. L he iili">dilurd p:-^'! am or.h ullowe^ ltcJi"	prmr in
ZWi4 ^nJ n-. i creJu j--c A aeon-iiMn;: engine would Lr-e in part;-: ip^c in :hc cunum ART
procMm nn.y Ctcuik o < jU1 k- iran^crreJ i> ~ i nc nncirai, pro>:r,-,:n hjt v.nuiJ he <.ubjea 10 ;lv
disa'-uni a~>.t h:V hmi: c-'n'-inc-.l "n tls? airicr-i pr<-!i:r.ir:i. The pr<\i;r,'.m being finalized
In kcup ibe program- M'p.iialL*.
3. Technology
a, Feasibility of Standard for Diesel Engines
Sjinim.:7j/D:"m "ip:i> 1M • 11" tV |vsi;<.!>
F.PA r.'OpO'v'jd s:.4:iJjrd< thai u relieved uuuld esc-ibl^h the	cmis-uni levels
an 2(X)4 to: heavy-duty on-lii^hu. jy dicscl engines achicvjKc through U:e .spphjjtiori of
tt'ch.r.oUiLiv. eivme ap^iormaie consideration lo com, cue rev, and safely favors assiVuieJ unii
¦f jt" "" C	s-r k a	£	-C's"'	in*
vjch technology jsec 42 L'.S C. T5J lull}v. Al] EPA Jj'.crsbcd und jiuly/cd rotcr.uaL
:cchnol^p;-;" m -the NPRM .m.,1 .uvump.inuni: RlA
("¦ ^ninir-iN
M^Nj^L-iurLMs comi:iinitd tliji die pmposjl rcprc^enls a rc^on^blc projection M the most
sirjiicout emission EcJuctions po^ihk in the 2004 clitlc fr.imc. ^j:mg there is >iili urA'crtainty
sui^ijiuiat ro.c^ich and dc- clopiViCn" 'a jli be	They provided ;npu" on inc
likely EcchnALogics ;o tv used to meet ihe sUin^irJ 'A'hxii include npcnuk'1- U} ihe C05iib"jsiu!n
eiunihcr, copied ar.d urxooled EGR, mere sophi"tic;^cd fuel ;tr.d ;*ir JcLiver}	.»nJ
po^jWy oxidation caf.;?iJ}.sls„ One m-inut'iiciurer .iire.uK devdnp^ij a rromiypc dic--et engine.
UMng the above li^'cd teehn.nli'jcy, ih;.' ^ ncaKy ^.ip.ib''.* ui'niL-ciir^ ihc pTvpuM^l	und
tully capable of rneetini: itic prop<'H"J Manifan^ '.vlu-n i^x^atei! on a mo peieuiu fxy^en.tted tuel.
Another 'echnoh'-irv ihal ir.cntionL'd l?y nn^ Loiriii^iKt:: acctiuril l^a^Cii die^el :uei
;:dJ:ls\c.'p.i::ii;i:l.iU" filter sysisrin winch eommcriiLT stated w^uM be ccvclnpcd by ,snd
wp'jld have brl'rr rr^-ii'.s than F.GR..
*40 CFR 16,094-3513)(iM}(l,i and (Ml
f
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Tv-,.- >iir.cn-•_*r- cxvil-^l\I ./¦¦I'k'jrr. wirli ihe k'.isjhililv wnfnl m Mie pr-Oto-i! A
i• tiKinl' ,i-¦ -1 -c ;..:n >;i J -;i !11,'j;:r•_i,: i "i,!i !m ,iu' :;'.pv,\ ¦ = ;j'¦ u„¦ii RCiR -1J. !icK" c.-.J'-c .1
^ 1,~n_t!c.—ii fi-'j* lu.-ip..!'i11 ~T.1 n i'iv''citT .1.*. <1. Ll,*„u]-ir.d'-i*!1.--jr*-!iip^
Tii,i:i^: rrsc rr.-p"".... i.';;.tl". il-.e p>>:i.":iii.iI m| FjM ^t¦ 1 i 1 i.¦ I techn> Vi'il's, muti .;^
rr.ipv 10 :"K:t. 1 re ^ 1cn s';v.' r- k\..: Mr*.- Smit* sUieJ tiki: the .;prhc-iHo;; nfihe urivr; K
p-irtiLfl.'/c ^..rv-Lrd I" .iU Ii.lMiw.jl ii.Mvs-.lu:> l-iuimj-s wujld he fi'^nle lmu-h liu- c-1 psIi:;cs .'1
e\^!:iv; .in.: .¦xpecieJ C.-rT"l kktlili-Ml did rut': :d..Vi: \\ ..:i> -.p.-L-i 1
NHSCWl'M %!. 11L*.! Mm: .1 uj-.k-r " in l: php nr :*M -c.ir;JL.:iil :n: ,iA	h^jw-ujp. cr,.5ir.c^.
ti;cl:;-ji|iiL'v-:>Tc!:]L'. ;<¦ .: iLMsi-n.nlc ^"mI. L--¦ tilil'.c 1::h.i! the NPRM '-ecir.'.M
to ;ii:o;c the pn-.L-nt:..] :u: .jl^nrLvtmtir: loviJ.tfion cjIjIysk Ic^n-NOx l\:I.i..iru: p-ir^a:!. :e
trrsf'ti!:crsi in inwcr PM ¦ATibuii aivertely .ifrVcrir..; NO*,
tAi;.iI\ -•-¦¦'Respnns-.*
L ilw Ci'ir.rr.L'iils 11 ¦¦ n 1	urtrrs Im-,i.m!I> .ii:ree« Willi Inc m.vI of' ;ecl.:i.\u^s p.i_ >.
that CPA	:.;i d:,:!t Rul'uLotv Imp.ict An.ilws "Hi- protolvpe 0nL!s.ne M.jI 11 .:lrc.uiv
close the cnii^-ii>:'i iarec! J^n'.e il'.c«>: tech.r.nlo^ies nlkrs. j.LL:i;^n.il v.jpp-nn th.it trie
jrc- lechnnln^ic.ili> ,.ch ;.*• EPA Joes not expea j tui'l ccuimzm pcruliy jsv.vM'ecl -a Lib \tc
ric'A teekr.nlo^s p-i-A^us ^^sucir, vsi:h .in ui^hi ycur le-d uric. I'ulure techrioIo^il-s ^!i.h:U be
ccM.cned to 'ai'1 jk together to ccj;lm--.c ucikmoms '^nhnut irere.is;nt: fuel consumption. Full
electronic ;orHro! o: kiel jnd a:; mtuke	sliojld .:lluw tnr Lombuviun ortinn/ation
^iirn^icRf lo k'.is! nMirikir; fuel economy. Kmjcs re^.^dm^ ihc uM]i:> in me?t more slrinceni
-r..n..l.;;ds .in.I "he ..^propriakT.c^s r-l" vjch >t...iJ.ijds ;uc jJiijij^sed 1:1 Sccr.^n I o;" ih.it J-vurneril
jru! ir. :hi- Ri":;-.ii.Hor. Imp: id Ann Is m N'olc th^: ur.dej" il'^j I' J-J1' ic \ i',',uL*-, V.1J1 i\:c;
Lvunoni;.. k-cl-.ni'ln^uMl kMMhihly. ,;rd envijonmeni ji need vvj|] he revised.
b. Dii sr! Fuel Ri'<|iiirvm4.n(s
Surr.nMi-.-'IVsvnt^i^n ut ilie
In ?hc NPRNL EPA cxpLiir.e j it.> f^r h^jiu^LiiLi tlui Mil* prnpnvjd st.i-il.i:ds ..re
vh-ilIen^inL' hj| k\MH|e for Jiesel c>clc ir.ejv>-Ju:\ encmes kJ'A jK0 ds^cn^ii its >,m->:nira:
effuri tii c\ .il'.i..';- cr,:ir,C''fi!el qu.ihly :nlertivtiorjs ,ir.d Jc.elonmenc^, m coorJ:n;ition v..iih :hc
involved ni.lLsv.tnc4-. Thf .HieiKy irnJiiMieit :Kil ^houkl lis effort result in the conclusion 1h.1t the
I'cjsihiLicv the 2i"K')4 st.jndjrJs. ;n;iv di-pcrd <--r. ir.uvlifk.-tions |n die^el fuel, -ir.v Tvlentul lor
JiL'seJ :ueJ JhuJlce.s ^V:U'J \'m Cijr.^i.k-icd '.viclnn |]i-l* un:,Il*¦«.I ¦;[Iu	r-^MC.v.
Snins en."itl" ni.;nut"jj:urer^ fi-'nincrU'd in.it iney 'imv need fiiriner improvenienl^ :n
..|Luluy :n ii-.i-L-: tl-,^ pnipn^e.L vr.i-.J.i.'d i*",juk!y .md on". lUfecip. ely ..imi "h-it they will work '^;lh
E'lPA, ARB ..:i;lthi: n.u'. ir.di>ti> in .It;!crmire the n;*eil AEierirc.ii'nenl ;r-.inuf.utiirers support
tUL-l ujti.ililv mipruv jh'.lt.'.s .iii-.l mi- >.¦ nr.iiiL'nler eitcd .1 f.j-c Ln Fumpc: ill..' ^I:owl\1	c
1
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l'IIl-lN Hi" i.li:a-N^\ M.ln.r fur! nn I'.ieMjl .lUJ^re.^ r icrv: Hc.iltii jiui cnvirnm:',.1 -T"jj^ ^LiIl-,1
liuc :lcI	.ir-* J.P^r,¦pruiltr ii' lr,e'. .ire n.v.L'd k- n:-cI !hc propose,1.	N.:
had r,ot	"I'.jt Jiu-L'! ji.iv nip.-iiw.'ii.uits .::c a'*.kv. :n lv ncfiii,'.! The* urceJ :h,i;
need ^o.p tucl i*;!i.il:V. .iTipiiivc:iijmK -'i-'i; J ml ^e ^eil -is ,i r .¦-!."• <>"i I" i-i.-\ l,']0 ^;r.d,'.:d.
SIISCA'. M	>.¦;11 il..u iul'I lI-jiilt^ 'A>Lf..l	hciiLrhs	i;k" enure f,ee; "t
I'.lM'.%-J I'liMiiiL"-, ini". ill"! Mo:n r.u'A L-IIL'.II^ SWsC.-U M rcLi^inn^r.d.v. ih.il F:PA-U"-r« "I'«
p.irMiL1	:L*!i'ii.mi,"H':i eW.'i il ii i^ '.¦!! njcJed U-	c ihc p^:p« i-e.l >1 .*:t_.!rLi^. •'H;
Le^ccd Jeaner dii>e, u:el ii:i-:I:; the impLcnienlalion .>l" u»:hIcr emi'-Mi-a iniws .irul t.rcjd
bl\\ ;o specify iK-H ihe av.n'..hi!ii> -i: Ji\--\cr l'a*| :n wunM incccr uehier eir.^Mon
s:;.nJ.irJv On iru* -.'invr h,ai;i. m.ekLTs ..¦uinir.L'nii.'d thai iu-l eharK;^ wt-
clt'cctiNOiicsN i'it tucl change-, haw: no: been supported by iluii Should new irslbrm,ition i^e in
tliiT course of E!'A\ ar.d r-thcrs' .m,;Ksh ot fninnf/tL^L i|Li.iluy ir.:?r^ciU'ns. 'W,\ inform.isiun will
he ct>r.>:Jercd in I hi* rc^xw it in |l>99 1'ue] cil.Jilll;'Jwcice ilcreintd r'.r,v..",',.L:y ur 1i]ipp.ij'r: .i'c:
under lh" Cle-m Air Ad, Ih'vV wuuUl f^c .jiklrcsseij ihitn^li rulemaking iriL'luilirig ^pp'utiiiniy Ibr
7! ii hi ic a?mmeni
C. FeiJsiliilily of Stnndjrd lor Allt'm.itivc I'liuk
Sumr-"i.-n-'.';"k-^cr;r-iinn ofihc h'-ue
The NPRM rror-.^Cil ih;- N.inn* ^.inJ.ir*!'- 1'ur jIL Iilm'k v-diit\ ori-liiL'li'^.iy
of ihe fuel type used.
Cmwmenls
Scvs:r.il camrnenJor'i <.u:ed ihit iijlural <2 j.s '.ehiei.es are ,iv,nhih[e tc-Jay ih^i rr.ee* a 2 v:.'>hp-
hr NOx %i-un!.iril One of these eonimer/.ers sijled 'hai ns?ur.it Lia> entires cnui much lower PM
'h.ari ilicseh ^;id lower CO thjn gjis witho-ji e% ap».v-itivc. rcfuciir.LT. srr Eunrnii-
Io^l-%. C"s>mmefit was at^o received ihat les^ crvcrliouM' ^a^s ar.d trmiioiirnenial d^nuec occurs
duj 10 "uel production, rcfimniz. and iransp<'Tiaiion of nliraL lm^ "liau ci'her gaMjIine or dicsei
tuol. '1 he rccaest v,\is made I tut EPA lu-lp lower "1;^ hiLih cos^ j-.s^'Ciatcd v. i:h ;0'.% pr^Juciion^
ihrou^li a carefully developed ri:!.c
41
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R-. 1 r • .¦
PPA c.T.CUO "Hal al^n.^'.eK ruclcd v. c\:,: .v> ;|J Lave a \vhr\ij.i. ...:v .^TaJC .ncc i;:;; :lv
2l«:-; >!..:¦ J.Tkis ryrir:.: lir .M/^'ii l"d,„y Unwc.er. HPA u> ^	:: :s ap?;- pr., :e ">¦
prur.i'jI-Mli* ^l.ir.if.iru-t I- r iIil'm*. HDE-*. 'i-sc-l or. levels in..[ ^jii milv Ve by aitcm. 'r»c»v
vcniJ^ T.'u <..;hlai,N .::e crr-cn -n iec!mo].\:.cal leaMbj!u\ LveA krU' ir."<
wnJelv n-.1 *i'jiLL!r:L'i:'.> in r|;L" i:-._irkt:l hi'1 \ J.vs n^f Ivheve fh.i:	I>«I rc^ire-i
v.mJafJs uu/, "a»¦ li!d elle-i^velv	dies/i-fKeie-l er^ine-i On Ehc :ur.J,
F.PA .iocs n>: believe H |s app;.iprv/e jL .Lis lime u- promulgate	:n'.ce Mnn_iei;<:
siar.d.ins b*r .i|icrn...u%c-i	vehicles, Such veh:c'cs ;um..jii an iKi]VFr.:r.; environrncriuiLv
beneficial	:n :ra.!,;u:na| nie-el-fueled engines hPA believes :1m; il:-* ry-a neMvi.: t<-r
encoui aei.-ie UiL-sL" en^ir.es al 'his lar.e. ^iven Iiicir rrvsnesN Jr.« 1 e.isioir.ei -luesLi-ns reeard-ne
such en;j.n;s. is io cor/mie in liieni equally in dievd-fudcJ engines I his v*. c;.lmji:.:c
:i:r"Kcr '-sc nl ihc^C C.Call CllCJies r.,Ehc; I bar. reii.ni/e :i:aiui1aeJLirers ,m,l consumers tor 3fi% otiis
1-1 liic'vL' dean " ;'u.- '! • i::: c -¦ CPA v\; 11. however rev ..c vv the j-1 11 a I u 11 u nl" i:;j ¦ '1 r h, c
slaiiiS.Lri> ir; ll'.e i icvifw
4. In-L' $e Kmission Control Kk'imnLs
a. Introduclion
The NFKM c or* lamed v l*s^I piop-nsals relaic;l [ij ensuring "he conirol of e.ir.;sMor,s iti-use
over ihe L11 c nl 'tie kejvv-Juis \eh>.Ie. As noted in ihe proposal. advanced em;>N;c[;s. coi'.iroN
such as EGR aii'J, cjial\s[^ in .is h'C r.ctL'ss.icv urn,;rnl sir.itc^x's |\,ir nivCiin^ *hc n^w si^n j-;.
HEW propo^cJ sc'.ciJ p:o'» ism:is io l^lpi iMisuru ill.:: suih v\inin\s, ifu^cd, r.ol jcmjw in a
hie her JatC ol cn':s>ic;ls JciOiiuf.:'LvM! I!ij.:i lui hct:ii uxporn;r'-Ci."i.l 1aliI". Lurrrnl .:r,d pri"«U'(is
cn^ssittn^ control st.Mtcj::^. Currcr.t and previous sttjio^ic^ have, :t.; il-.sj ni^isi p..ri, unnhcil
.i'.l\.inccs in hi"] ccntroj. tnMkc ,iir controls. ,;nd comhiiNtion cii^rnhor tlcsijr,. Such s^tciir^ arc
cer'r.i! in er..;ir.e np^-r.uiors ili:.\rcfi.TC r.ot likcl'. lo be subxcl "o uncorrected dcterLorjiLOti.
1 Utacvlt, ,utd-vT: cunitoK such ,ts T>GR \ysicms nr ca'alysK may h? less l:kcl> lo Nr addressed it
[hey t.iiE Ut opt'i.s"l" pri,'ij'*Cjly hocaii^c sucli f.iiaires inas r.ul a;her^ek ,j|Tcc! on-roa-.i pcrf'Vrrancc
Sever,t: pmpo>jls penairjng co jii-usc emissions conu^l involved iiuxJilicaiipr.s :n c\i-.uiil'
rcuuliiiwr>N. including rcjiukiltons rccaiJmg the useful life of the enpsne, enn^ons perJiUinjiice
and d;*l'cci w.'rrantics. ,md mamlenance re^ujrcrr.cnis The-e p:upi"'>als wculu update inc cx^uvj
rf-quirLTi-jnis, which ueri; cs'.ihhshfd several year\ in K':tcr align ihcm with current lndiMry
exfn;[silled ot longer [j.^[ir.^ enuints. F.PA aKu pri'^iMscrd s\ii;ie elerncriljiy pn^visinns rc^-iniinc
eiiLMf.e fCbuilding to help cjisure l'i,:[ icbLuhLun: di^r^ ni>[ ursuh i:i ihc ;ci:is>\ al nl cnns^irr.^
control CLjuip;ncnt or "he tccnnjicurjuv. ot liic l-ii^iiil* in .3 "'.'.a^ []|,:[ vmvjIl! jesui: in a ^u'.;ii!:Can[
increase in eni^siruiv *3 l::s sccin.n review i ca^h prcijVSjl 'i'''	cnii^MMits c^nti^i, ihe
comments ti'A /ecei^eJ. ,i;,d oifets hPA's tcsp.\"ixe t^ the conimeni> Tr.c rc.;ucr ;s d:.rcc:cd t».»
ll:c NPRM prcaRiH'c for kickgrojnJ on e,:ch of tbc p;cgrain elements ami the :uJl ratiorijle
s'jppnrtir^ ihe prop^^.'A.
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b. isHins to Current l3 J•" MTr'uv lLiss, Mi.,- use'ul llle	2'J|S,( mi) ir.ilc" or ;o
ve.ir^. II". \CaJs !<< SVII1-J rolk^rils.", 'Aliiehev-.rj ^sXi.:s llrs? Fur he«vv IIDDt-^ H* \ rnop.i-e.i *.¦
(r	n	"*	I; ¦» 'I; ¦¦¦ ¦¦ ^ <* ^
lengthen th.' u^elui ht'e rr.iicjje ir.te:\..u mmi 2o nrles u.i -^S^oi rimes. D-e t-o lviicc.-hs
ih-U -!35jnH mile-- would be ;narpropiuiteiv Inriu :or urban vehicles s»u"h urban bu^cs, '-Aui-ii
luvc -i jiii^'h lower .i\cr..;:c ^pce-l in,.n hnehajl trucks. HI\-\ pn^i^ii :p „ intervj u.as	on other mievnour^
CCJiv,iicn|s u^eJ V\ liur A.eeTicy ;n e\isl:n^ refutations retM/dinc liejvj.-Jut\ entires, '
Howc.cr. ii-jc ;o concerns diat .lie ne\t hoais mier* jI cihoKL result in a shoner i>eful lirV ;hau ihir
one in pi.icc current i>. Hl'A jKu pulsed uuic ihe u^ul Life he: w. k.isi 2ll0. Finally.
iV.r .kI '-er%;,c cl.isy,> .mc ,;U Tiollur^nis. EPA proposed in set ;he u^enil lift- ye.irs ir.ier-.iJ jI 10
\ e a i s. In Minim.iry, FPA propped ,i 11Is11 Ii|'c lor herf."; HDDlis o1 435,l>X) miles, 3
11 ou r -, i'<: 11J % ij , j i s, v, r,: jIil'vc1: % :-_re i: r <, llr-f, h'.^ in r.ti ease less ih.m 290,UOO jTales.
El3A Noughi L"o;nnicniN on c.w* a hci native appio-aehes Uu ihe useful Jife, The orison
;o not tar. e b.ojrs interval .md rcljin	mjle n:e intcrv.u to
435.000 m:Ies to: he-tvy HDDts. Fo: the hour'; jnterv:^ .irid tlic 2W,(XXi imnu;i;irn iru'c.!!:,"
inlenal., EIJA received Neve.ul coir.nient.s recommend mi: [uvi^uin^. I;MA ;in.l endne
nunuf.«ctufcrs recommended reljminc .-"i hour?, mlerx jl and ehirjiuium eIi-j ZW.OOn iniie jl;>or
w	O 	 " 				 		
The iiu;n Mliomalc of the ccmmcr.tcrs i?. thjl j. I'.JOJ.hK) nii\c u^etUs lite i< r.oi jpp:opn.Lte tor
urh,;n husc- anil oihcr slow moving urkin vehicles ;'.r.d th;?? 2y0,U00 mslc> fcprcscnis a ditikult
w-li;jKetii;e :rj she engine rn^niifueiiirers. WilJi ,-.ri jivcm^c speed of 13 miles per hour'", urban
buses lli;i3 othef utb>in eli:e]-js wou!-.l re.sch [ 3.fiOO Hoiies vvcil before 2iX|.|XX| miles and
lhe:el0i^ the 13,000 h«>ui\ lia.s hide. 3t' jn\» etteet ors ihe !enylh nf ihe useful |j[V p^r s.irb.in bus
engines, the 290,000 mikfc unor\jI is r,ej:ly Hi i^rcer/ ^re.sier rh;i> tl;e ivpj,\i| life in rebui]:! for
Li:-ij.n bu%es. ("c
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i:n>i-.t h'.i.'.t l-ikjrl" ¦.S. "J:.-| \c.ir urk.n K-cn lime ici-u;lii In i:vj -.^ro i.-j-
rLljii'.jk.nj. Li'A e^.n'ijlei '.k-it Jih.in Kj-.l's ivjUL'.Uv tr,Ael Ki'^een SNijxo 250.Lm1
K-l.-re K":tj tcii.li L-U''r¦',t Die-uL	j;.>,'ii rL^mr.rrenJe.l th.ii 'Iu* Aj'-'nes c-'Jil'sn ..n
nr'n.ir; riis ..-ivi:, jj'c 2'--•»i.¦ hinlcv 15.<•!nH'j-jis/'IM w.irs. v.nidii'vcr ix; ji*	I I'.c
Il"li'<:i;:i:jiiJ.iT^'n ix h.i^'i; it .ir; .uer.iCe jfe M re'miiLl nf ZlH-VlrtlO liiiJcx jhJ ,"he ,;\er,i::e xrced nf
13 iiii'u^ rer r.¦ iur Trie L'.'n:r;i-.'".!er .i.J rn; believe Uljl j i;ii:'uiiiLj:k :1u1l\ii;;- in;-"v..i reqinre.TL'iiL
llLCJxx.irv. Ivj: ;.J^-'I-Ii:.cr:.]---!! ^ii.ivdi S1' iIc^ il' • >n^ h- to he ^pcJi::Cit
r-PA /mi received cravnerii :lui the A^l-jka ¦d'.n.ild if ml"* Hie .i^ful jl'e in;er. .iK 2u; i:i-j
I'CliL"; c;il':hj	d-is^ i ; <¦ . light ..nd nudmm	iL;e-M;k Jiui Otiu-cyclc CiCincs >
.;r; J j-J J-4 ;t',c Li'•>cI Lii. 11\ l1 ^ 'a Iilt j
Mv Ri" *¦ P '¦" --C
Puoi iu ..d/pim:.: I in.- curxen" i^ful h:~c nlcrvuk EPA required m^jr^eiuiefx :n eM.ibjsh ;t
uselut htc K^eJ nn the manjl^cl'jrt'r^ c^Uni.ile «s:* lh? ?ypjc,ll hfe 10 rebuild or jciuciiicnl for lhc
pjjlicuLir engine family.' Due u-> -u.mnf.ivuircr iv-nu-rns ree.irdin;: ihe p:jttic^Ji[\ ,:r.d
¦Aorkabuif.;. %>: cli'^ ^ppruajli. 1:PA rtpljjciL ihc u^l-I'iiI life rciii,ij:erncn^ wi;h the umMuI hie
in!er\ jU ^pp;r-„ch. I hj ir.'er. nW wcic nitend^J in repToeni :h.e ;i\e.Mze milcaccAoji'. u> ir-'h.nl.l
o: retirenieni f^r ej.eli engine serviec cLl^^. At ihe ti:iK ihc micr.aU were established. tPA
recOfTni/Cvt fh;t1 Sor m\t.c enpme KimiJics, tiio irite:vii^ ii'u\ r.ni He Lipprnpn-iii- iUic the dutv
; ys, !e nver vvhich :K;y vi cre ii'-cd HPA -.LileJ 'h.r! the Aecncy v, .i¦, inir.dful ih.ii fnr certain
.!jipIiL'.:"iuii^, pjriiuiiLirK hu.ivy-v|i:;\ ;'ripinc upplie^uon.s. the ixkuv.eier mi^jw nuiy n«<;
jCLLiiJiely icl'cci '.l:e uctiul .im^iim nf n^c ;h.u jt. engine h;is seen LtnJ «;|; ufce ih.tt 111:0
eMl'.sLdei,il;0;l isl ^ck-ctida eimiries Kir rsrcjl], ' tn llie I3PA h.ts .uso nI> 11ed thjl the A-JCf.es
uces r.in mtenJ include iebmlt er.cir.u-. in ^:iy ie^,l!I [fx!mi;, ji;;iin "Cv'n^n;/'.n;: th»i". the t^eKil
iife mlerv,h> n:.i> no: rreci>ely rcp.rc>ent every jjs.p:iLMtnin.
Rt thf prupvs,i|.. BP A rconrni/ed lh.it if Ihe useful life for rie.r.y HDDhs uac iu he
niu-:c;j.sed :mni IiX),i")On nvitex [,-> 435 f»Y') rin lc-, n.-^ed ot11he imcre.iscd hfe nf I jne-h.ijl f.rucks.
Rc:ron^"Rcbinld Requirements tV.r L•'J- ,:r.d c,irjer Model Vlmt Urb,iii	Fuel
Qu.i'iiy Rcvi:l,.:iuns fur Cenilu:.iEji.Hi D;c-el Tc-t Fuel. FR 2lXtO 1 April 2\.
' -ll C.'rR
a -IS FR UO'J, j.inii-iry \1. I'^3
' " Jf-K 521 ,S\>vc 1 niv; ]fi, ^ 5.
4-
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Mn:-!uil p,'-,n	nco-iuJ ,i_L!_ess urkir. "i k" 1p-iiv-crcd 1^ ii-.M-*;, Hhl>h-.
c^pecu;,!', Jir.j.i hi.-i*" 1 here a :j:n:ii^.Lr.-; ijirli/r.-nje :n lIil1	puu:..u^ .¦* 'he ;v.u
l.'ikm caiiim: K- ^spc^d m ilmcIi Ut^ -ame imk\.jes I v; -.-v.:!-.e
rck-kJini: c.;e :o their -.If.v. i"iIea:M j_lu:i:lL:hhi raius.	iIks issue, hPA rr.'c--t
I [-.,Mir u-cnJ Life jm:: .im: a n :<" nuk mimmain li-^iiiJ lire .-.-J requested ^.i-hmklmil h ii
uir.cr .i|"pir.,Lhes,	ar. h,-u:*, irvrv.J now p:.ici;caL ^ith die -Aufe im* .M eicc.rnnic
L-iT^ntN	-jr, "aa.s ! ,¦_* engine In.irs 1 >j use HPA receded critic<.¦ nr.ircnl ¦> rj-Mrilmv:
the c^ncep: •	ml.* '-an,,;! buv> jn.i mLer urban \L-lrA\,'s diikrently th^n hue-haul :ru-.kv wh'i
re*pec: I" in* jsekil hte irKer. J. AIm\, e\C'_*jM Km lthmiil" 111 .m..jriiC 1.1 rcr^.. coir.meiuers ciJ. :vi
comnunl *>n the meth.xj o; diMerentiaiaig between the v-\n falconries lhoii|jh ;tc Agency
rco^c^-rcii c-'niT.cnt »r different «a;,ons
Maiuif..ciure;s iih;ecicd 'n the 2'^'.K€hk> miramum mileage ;iuct% al and Ki^-edi their CMn:mri^
Jl.c Milcrvj; .t, ar: FPA ruLcni.ixjrr1 which focased on urkin bus ;,idu-tr\ engine
rebuilding	jnd h)SlK	enginev FPA believes lhal It In HUXC
appropriate to I^cus. on Current	eueun.' 11le expe Jlalipr^ ar.d experiences 'A tth ir.OTC
recer,: nn\1,'l >ear entires. An with origin -ascd ir. Imc-haul app heai:;-r;s. "he '.itc-l ger.erahcT.
nfurh^n has cr. cir.es |iy ^uj:^es"ed by one coininenier of dividing ?hc iivcraiie exfcciCil miles
10 rem.Id b\ -he a-icr.yce urban bus speech .ind iwn.: ir.c csiim./c-s nf I 3 mites per ii-.sur an:
" " le;enn>'':",e (.'.\v.ci"s.i:inns v* ;ih repre--.cnt.^ives i'rr.ni Cummins .md Dv*;roit Dim'I
Ci.'rp-or.i'icn ReejrdirTJ Exrieck1>!- [;ra:ir,c LmV fi.irl'rhar. Bus Fr.dr-.cs", Muni^randuir. lu'ni t";iiiv
to ["),kl'! A-^5-27
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J Hi.i;¦	re-n,n;e r.-nirs. interv.u v-ouid he 2Z,<«sI ji.^uj[h;s h-	"hi* s.rr.c
an.i hol^s in'^-v,j on v-dnch PPA :culi>!l\I r,icscr: This ..pproac;! .i.hm, -. 'h;
-.ine lewl	rc!jlj%c to lii'j I^O.l»X) rilile iiiterv,.; Jo,' iirkirc mi^v ,)nJ ne.ps .iddress
'-silkies v. inch :i:'¦ vc e\:n.-.:e -L-¦ Iy. A 2 ! ot in;
L*i:.n\aVn'. i-n	niki rr.i> no; he [easfnli; tor uihan has ernes. fF^A heke'.e^ .; is
.lmikely ".l.al :he '¦l.iisd.sriS wonM affeel dura'dll^ so dr.L.TUlLCaliy ih.il ll:e	a\er...:c
litre to reimdd uouJJ diop io heJovi the useful life le^eh ihat were proposed. Uu:ahilii\ is
primary consideration to: purchasers of large lieavy-iiaiy diesel entires ,in,| such .i drop ;n
duraWhiy Aiulii no: he u»icr.ilcJ in lhe market pLce. Considering jihau bus engines ..re
cu:;cr.:iy exj-ccic.l u> 1..-' ai ;easi ;*m'i j'iCO nulcv EPA be3icu*s ihat ihc usetu; hts strouhl no; Sc
relaxed tor these enicles.
EF*A established all ol ihe iss-etui lite miejv .Js ui .i;iprn\im;i"e ihc poini ofenher ermme
retirement nrcncinc ;ekn;J in the case of ihc l^oc enginev-'' P.PA n^ietl m ihc ANPRM. jt>
concern tl:.ii the Z'XUViO mile in;erv.il no longer ,ide quale Ly rellcCLs ihc expected inile;.ee Co
r^li.ji!.i nf kiie-h.nil i:-jAs These trucks ixcuirvulalc mileage very r,ipiuh ,;.id engine
ii:anul'.iLiu:ets :ud made snjnifie.m >'ride> sn ur.provsng the durability ot these engir.es
especially. It {^Cvsiiii; clear ironi j»:nnncnis kuciM,-d i>n ihc ANPRM tha; the interval o: IskJ.ih'sO
mi'cs lor hejw lica^y duty ci^ir^es wji sahstantialiv sluirEe; ihar. ihc ^nsiinc life to rcbudd
e\pcct,iiior.s of indu^iry. ComniciueEs on the AN'PRNS p:u\lUl-J sp-ecdlc comment ihai lh,e
2'XUXiO mic intcrv.sl 'j>: hne-haul 1 tjck^. wa^ maiicquate jnJ. rccoiiiir.CTtLfcil >,|n.ns,
ih.n. r:i.in.ii.:civirer^ of these encincs h.id ihem^ehe^ ir.dic^od through lho:i ^d^^niMii^ ihat
er.Liine life -a .is L:re..re: ih.m indic.'-U'd by EPA's re en Lit i oris CEJA, howc%cr, d:A not :cce;'.e ihc
s,i;ne type of ^omiiieius on, ire ANPRN! rep^rdinc ihc useful life inler-als :o; other engine
^.aie^ojiL's [lie n-jeJ to-r an adjustinnru in useful life for the ulher intended :-cr'-,ce cla>scs ,i e..
(Jim c^cle en.cutes and li^lu and medium hcjis-iLuiv d:c^eKj was r;oi ciT.s;dcreJ in the p-rorcs^j.
A ho, no coninientcfs rroviiied Hl'A u jih daia siippoilniL; she need for a ch.ir-^e [<> the ir.te'vals
Therefore. EPA is not fir.alizinc ^fiy ch.ir.ee to the -ascful life lor o:ha eneir.c cl.isses i:i ilns ;"m.d
rule EPA does however ,ki:rcc v;iih she commcnlcr th.,', the Agency should further irr.^^ti^aie
ihc need for .jd]uilnicnt% "o ihc ireful lives for "he other enpirje c^ezones.
in summary, F.PA ^ adop-tirL: a 22/h.TO huur :nienal and droppsn:.: the prr-poseJ minirr.um
IIiiieay.L' interval pfm'kifm sach that ihe um^'uI life [Vr Iic^i^v he;iv\-du"\ i!;c>?| engines uguld he
-iS hR :"Z! .'hNn'-eiiilHit LS3j.
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-ij"'?<" i	M M'."ui v, i ir 11 f ¦, -a !;;: ne1. er iVOiiis -;1 r-.I ¦
j>e! jI JlI-j U',.:- in:or.'.;| nf '!i ^LMh -o: ,:J cn;:.ne	.ir.d
1 u^el'iil hie jvo\ imitt- aie cIIc:l !-%c with ih- 2-->; ~-~ kvJcI \l-.j
,1 Em^u'ri Rel..*c\i Mjmsun.in-L:
Viriii- ¦[', rV^. ir"' '!' ¦ ih.~ !»,!¦;
LP A p.	iij'A mininium nuir^e-urxe inter.'Js :v: v.u:ie key cmhM"n rd.iu-.l
Lmnjvnut:-. ^jiiihi.li:/c.L m Tjblc i Tne interval ;irc in nnJcs or l-.niir-. ^h'uh^vt: ivasr-
ti:^. I he ina:iuKi.Ui:er riuv inn pcriVirm mjinirniincc m.fe frequently Uun ls ^x-uliL-d by :l:£
in'cr.iiK iiur:.n;j ajn..'riilr.\ tc>cin^ in: en^uii; ^urtificjii^iv Atsn, nl:;nutljrcr-; m.;y r.nt srecii'i.
ma:niL*njrH"c jn;r»"v.h ;n the mj;nlen,.ince sn^L;u-lejohs pEuvidi-d m ihc engine f"t:a"h-ii m riu.i^c
or	t1!*.iriT *-wH Mgnif^.inl lv ilcLir.iJff emission1* C0niroI and u-hi^i: tunL'lion h rvM
ir.^izr.il to :hc Jc>ijn ,..-,'.1 pcrli'iri:i,::'iCi: e.-uiir'.e. F.P \ did nol propose M ch.:fijc rhie ir-.'-j:s ,il
tVr EGR filters ,ir.d coders Inm :is cuuent irncn jI at 5lJ.i^XJ ieiiJc^ i I.Wl hoursi
' hi5 A |s >iN- > ! If:,11 ./ill J J
,i.\ p.''li::.;-iis .is pr< -.:J
¦''SVic rh.il for an indf. iuj.il cn;jmc, if the useful j H: hours in'erv J is :cjch>: J be Sore -.he
cn^ini-	\0 yc.ir >"¦: 'JI'M-Mt<) nr ks, 1,'ie useful life -.h.ul become 'J) ye.cv 11r,'ii.e--_
wI'.i^'iievc: .vcurs mtm. .is ii under Cie.ui Air Ai'i H'c^ion 2021 d k EPA belic.cs *luii
pzir.isimi \s:li be i>-e.l univ \cr% rarely i^cn the us.uii." p.^lep'is of-ifjVe'i'd \ch'.iles
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Pr<.'[**'-c.i Nlir.sniii;ji	Eidjied \ 1.11r,:n.snc li;[er'.,,u^
Intended Service C!.,vs
';ii['" nielli n: Sv sieiti
l':vp"M,\'. cImol-'c :o
n'.nnlemime ;~.:e;'¦,J
I;|
n;r,i e'^!_ lu;_'ii:i> ! E:CiR svsIl'i;-. • etr j_l I'kteis .;r>1
1 ,
f Civile r^:
I
|
L-kTLMsi: !;nir, 11i
: i ,.5n 1 iu'Lirs.. ;-,h 'i n;
, ,i J h x 1 ;ii • u r - -
Light HDDEs
EGR s-,siem :e\cept tideis .,:,d
*.> >o.ers ¦
in^iejse l:uir, ^0,1'hK? miles
I 1.9- »i 1 haul's > • .1 1 •'a'U h X1 ; 1 i 111;
i.^jIX.hi hour>«
* Add-on cm.»sinn-ncla(cd
eoirip-or.er's
1 C^ahue coji^tfjicr
EstjKish MJO.OiS* Hide > K1
ho;ir • mter.ai
Medium ,-."...1 if-j.tw
HDDEs
liCiR %We:u lexeep" 3'dlcrs ami
ecwlers)
IrA're;i>e from, .50.,CCD mjlcj,
i i.^rN") hojrsi in ;50.'Xh.i mjlcs
luur^l
*	Add-on emission-related
component-*
*	C.i Li lytic converter
EisMhlisSi if-n.i'x'O lr.ile 1 -5.500
hoLfi mtei'.jl
Comments.
Althojeli liP,-\ did n-.'l projvse to chanee the iiuir.tL*n.::iei: irtll;i\ .11 1'nr FGR filter*-. 'he
m.unlen.inee inter.'.d :or lifJR litter is a si.emlie.mc	eor.eem 2ui sc^, erJ engine
m-ir/jfjcturerv HNS A commented thm because of nunu lactLi:'cr<.' limited e\penenee w:ih tiClR
s\stems, engine ni,ini!l'.u"'urcrs do not .know how Song the systems v.iU function ^nd wI'.e u:er
rep|jL.-eniL*ni of ill? F.GR filter will need become .i purl of ilic ops: mtor's routine maintenance.
I'NS A rL-commeiuS thai F.PA slm::en nr eUniin.src the rcL|;ii:cnieni. ar .11 U'.isi reconsider Eh?
.illou jMe ]]i;jjn'en^nC2 mlenal during ;Ki= review.
E-or hght HDDEs, m^nufjeturers Ivheve tliji :i 2s 11 r>: jp p^'prute u? extend .my ut ih-j
maintenance intervals beyond 50.LKJ0 miles. '['he iationj.!e presented h> ihe coinmer.wrx 11 ihai
maintenance in performed for v ehicles m whieh lighs HDDEs are used in jntenah tdr shorter
th;.ri I fiO.OOO milev EM A jKo noted i.n.;t tiie useful life for the Ik hi HDDE cjtesory is onls
I U'U>X> milesI no", proposed to mcre^c,
Mjisut.ieiL.-crs ot vMsoiir.e-ldeled em'inc^ re^uii'.ineirdcd clui l:PA reum the eurte.'H
iiiaiciteiiance iniei\aL ti'T EiGR swuni fdtet*. ami ci t ^,5W hojisi. 1 l:c
commented nvted dial u .;ppe,aed Uu 1 l:l\\ u as proposing increase the interval fr-r tb.e<
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111 iU(Ja.1,'U	.Ni:.tc
iIil" j[ijiv-:^'rL'-.por,< '-Lvrion Kcji'a
hPA .!..! r.nl vr.'-pn-c ji:^:ud'.ss imci". J, .i\ r,"*.cd i.
r.PA ,ilv> reccKei' ci'ii'.n'ciHt r, :K- need is-r jiu: .ippr.-prulene-v-. <.•'	n-.jir-.Jen.r-.ce
.liter1, j.% in .':r.':r,il One en^ne jiuiiiLi.^u^cr	;h,U n .inrAw^.j.jv ;n rvih ^cl
:imiijuur. i:'.,.iir,;en,.,nce .niervul _;;d iiAjuje ihc :iijuejciiir*"r in show e\j;[ence rh,^ the
ni.nr*;n,-.:*e Ii.in ,s rc.^-ruKv.- .iVe.L'.'-od •'<: hoin2 pcr:o;ii:eJ. ;i\ ihc u^iilt. V-'rh vi.ch c. .Jcr.ce.
theie is r.u nwJ -ci .1 it;:iin:"itn ir.:cntil AdJJionjUv, the commentcr "-r.:reti 'hai 11 defies
;o -el. .1 -*;n;..\e :r..iin:tfn.ini.c mlerv.ij |Vr .1 \\;d;* vr.riiMV of ICC.inohxrttx inr -.vhiwh there 1^
S1' 1J - or rv re-u 'Aorl.!	o~i v\h:ch to Iv-e ihc intcrvJv An un exjir.ple, ri;^ ci le-iTi? r
r.oieii ;J:ji the !Ti..int^:r_.-ir:CLr m'civ j! lur p.irtic.ikite tr,.ps w.lx --el .it j^l,'.^HJ im!c-. jhJ c\pei:e:'.ce
h.:> s.nec xhnun cluii ,'ULch marc hequeni n'.jmiL'ii^i.je in n-'eile.l. The L^nirr'icr'cr further sLiicJ
?ImI she m,iintcrs.:r.cc inter. .iK ser^e no usclul purpose jini >h;-L'lil be elimir.jie,.i, xiiL'-jc^ni: n.^t
m.irke! iVn-ys vull ensure lh.il the rr.nsi diir.iHe technologies ..:e used
I:PA te-oi^cd tmuii'.L'rUx trinr. "he Amene. ¦; True kin.; AsstvjiiiUTi supprirtmt! EPA
ir.jirnendriJC fcSjtcj prop^jh jnJ e^lK'nine EPA ..iiJjirjst ^111,inl-. FX1R irjinten.'mce inter. jIs
that 3 re tw *hort
F;iui:v, r.PA rccfi-rCi! cuii'-nieiils th.il the vtniulL.re Lind v*,"-rdin e oj'lh.C rccjUillor.^ fC-JUriEng
ifkiinleii-nice niFe:%v.N is cu:ilLixinii jiuJ should be ie\ ised. For c\.Jir.nl C. one commcn'.cr noted
that ihe proposed minimum ullovs jWo :n.j 1	i-ntr^.jK for hi:.iv\-JiJiv Onu-c^clc cniiir.cs
tould no: be l.'.!-•: 1 s Ii'iui'.J.
An;ih^-^'Rcspr'j"^c
EPA ci:rrcni;y h:is nn hjsis for nvoniniL'nJ;n;j J jhiincc in !bc HGK Ihlcr tn.;nnet;jiii:e
snler-..il i'rom :;!¦> currer." ;cvd of 50JXX1 tp.iIcs 11,5C:cs ,is n Jcmcr Uircc? dunnc the devdopment oi HGR
osteins fn; die^?| engines. ,An EGR 1llt;cr K .1 critic.sj ensi^sions rcLiicd component which if not
rn.nnLuniM properly cn-.ild ha\c ;j si^nifjcjnt uKcrsc impact on c;ni^ior,s- At 'his critical isrr'.c
tliif d-jVfli^pjr.fnt of c:inssinn«i ciinirois, BPA Ji^cs no" w isli [<¦¦ enciMimjic ihc i-c^icn iM",in EGR
astern m.jv need ir.ure in-untcr.jnce and luive ,l higher ptUenlLil tliIc of (Uilisru: bv |:n\eri~i;
rli-.' n.anire-.inee mw:vj|
In response to comments reoLjidmj Jt.^riL HDDEs, EPA Keheves thjl IUOJXO mde in:er.\il
js .spproprMtc given thai ;s iSC^ftXi mj]c mtcrv;il j> ivir-e ^depted for ihc sirrx comp^^rA'nt1. used
on ncJiuin .ind hciivy HDDE^ There U n^hine to miEic-iic 'h.ii "here :i:c inherent differences iTi
die !irchnn|n.*i£s .r- jpphed l«i th'j di|Te:en" si/e engines %v31il:hi wtiu'd rei[LJire: a sul'sunlijlly
ii'.jiniL'iuiiue icteivjl for rl 1 -r liyh; Itu\ -Jcv% c^tL'^ory. The iiuir/tji^ce ir/.cr.'jK ior
oihet [>pes oj ".chicle n: e;iy.Mii! 1 n.i; 11 rerL.inee not rdjied to eniKvLOiis cc^mponcr.is :s not
bTj:iet j!1\ l -.etui j-, ,• g-jsde due to tli-j ^ide v^ncty of i',i,isntena.r.ce p»erfc-rmed 0.1 chicles „,n J
cri.'ntL's. Fj!ihe;jr'.o;e, E:PA ^ ciuuerreJ. il'.jt o'^r.efv wcuLd not 11nd i' ^cceptuble to repLicc ihc.r
4 i
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"J F.GR sv-\vr .il	f~l1 \ !U,J prefr: ;n li.jvc :k>." o T.'if-v'cnrs
Lisl .iv cIum;1 I't ihe I'.jIt IiJj1 rlv ve:iicle p'^^nk' if, ui.l^r in ensure tvir-^-a^rv c= ;"!<¦]. F:-r
'-*x..irplc. M-"ii:l..:l\. rl:e cu:r.->: -u.ur%: ir*;-:v.-! ;¦ ¦; c,;:,iI;^k ard E-.GR s\s;cn> 1-t
\L"I:-L ,'v .in,; i!.:iiNij;iiy m.cV- is imi.' -;ni ivii.C^- V	- ¦¦¦-!ncli is tr-^cnli.il.y e.'.-nakiit in
Iti.'ir	r\ i.-en;! li^es
I ;i-: ;^" 1:i:n-JI. T11; r.,i:r-j:^ .-c-jjuhiii' CiMi i-c*-. iT.rir.c FCiK jmi 1-
:\-hr:e -^ilk J ,;i-\ ¦, '-.it. E-.PA .hj iin; prnpo-e ukanees in K.e nMirfcr.irce in'.C.'v,.; :<¦;
LGR Ik:si- .ir:d (.m'li'rv KP.\	ch.nvr.ni! inc inwrvj. io: the rciiijiair.j F.GR s\sinn
pjii> d\A component AUl.iu^k HP.A :s not r";n.-ii^iriL: ne'.v siuncarii.s for Dim-cw!-¦ ci:.;ir
!:(JR rowe.ns ..:e c '¦71 i i i 11 ¦¦ ¦ i l ^ used : I ¦ f ¦¦¦<_' en vein's jV,,iv., i n -.1 * he re Io re ;he	1-1 >;i!wiul"s
10 I".: .ippru.pri.iie.
Willi rL"L;..r.,l \.t i no o*. *r.:',l r.eeJ for m.Liilen an;e anew ak, l:PA ^lev^ :kii Htere is .i
ouirew^nn kM^t-cn i,M * ,:mn',ni and frequenjy nf r:i1 nLcit^iiuc thuii ^ calkd nt My :he
i:i,:nj:'j-_[utL"r j;v.1 ih- ¦."-vner's xullmynrs-s :n perform ihc m.iinicnar.ce I'ln^ 2s esped Jly true.
v. hen the nteiiar.ee is isui eouneeied ^11 .1 untieeake u.iv in orwo.id vchicle perto:man*.e milIi
.i> eoald K* ike c-^c wirh cmi^ion^ contro.s -ueh e^hsis 01 F.GR ^sicrr.s An nosed h>
ATA, hst tietij'.Tss !u.iir.:?n;i^cc micr\.iK wojld lv unrc.i>oniblc tor :ruek ouiwiv F.PA
ihe:elcue li'I'.iuiul"-! m Ivkeve chspet,i"\i:iLi niinimurn ni:nnicn,.inec in'erv,L*-. ir, *he re uuLi tiros
L-* important m hjkmcinc. 'he re^pr.risil'.dihi.'N lit iiie uiinff -tr.d ihc n:.ini:f-u*u:er.
In respc-.n^e commenh re^jrdinc the .ippi^pn^ojie'is nl she len^ih 01" ihc intcrvjN and
scums: .i Nin^le in,:er..jl irr Neveral icehn^loeie^. hPA hekevev a is inipotKini m sei imnuiv.irn
^.iriih:h;y Mr^eis lor cr.ihs^n- rekiled componenis. 1 he reeuljnoiis do ehm e.jl! iVr ni.nr^nartv
w> he perr-.Tiriv'ti .it inc ;nterv.ns hul nnly presents ike nijnulecturer troni speedsing j
:n.iir".*L"n„ri-.e itiIlT'.iI vrnTie: :kjn th? ir.icrt.il csi.iblishcJ in ihc rc^uluiions. 1 he pu.*rv>se nt liie
:iiuijr,:eii^:i^e jI :ei:ji;eniL*:il is in ens;jri: .l minimum ]cvc; cmis^ions-rcl.itcd component
J'jrjKkiy jna :o 3irii:i ihc m.siiue:v.uiet." en^-ts .^oeijieJ wnSi ejiiisNirr.N enniroK
In NUinnun. EPA is tln;s.HzLng the mamienjnee mien jK he linjh^ed js propr-scd. F.PA N
¦iKo ..ddiny rc2iij..:^ry ?.cn( further .specifying w.nich miynter^tnee inte^'^s ^pf ly to f.ejvs -July
Olin-xydc .inii diesd-cyclc engines in order improve the c[,inly the reeuljUor.-i.
in Eirrussinns IX*feel ant! Perinrni-rsee W.irrjrEics
Summarv/Descrintiort -H' tin* issye
warranties ate provideJ ny manuk:cn;.ters. as 1 jqlured under Section Zu7 oi 'lie
Clean A:r Act Tne perform.ince warranty prov ides 1h.1t il\i properly mair.'uiresl vch.cle ur
enenc farh k> conform in (he icsi esiahliskeJ unJer sccmst* 20Tibli21 ,U .mylnre dunne ihc
'.v.irr„~;'-. per;oJ( ,:r,d Mieh none»>r.forrni:\ vaiis,L-s l'"ie o^vner 10 n.ive 10 hear ,1 per.al".\ i^r ulh.er
s„TKEinn. fl'.i'n tfi:* en_,nr:e n:.inuf.u*i:;er is rcspi'rs;k'e fnr r:-n:e.hinj.; l!vj n.'i:eo::lnn:iiry .it its ^'4'tl
50
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Jjk'u'l Ajtrjup. |-r11¦_ dl.il :imiui-a^-uiei ^ ,.:e responsible Li ¦- ih'Uv S a i:i.:!i;:
jnti ,.vorkn;.mi'l-'p '^riuh .m eir: ru- m.< in conform iih ..rpIic.Jil-." rc_r.il ii:-T-
iii^A 'ions c J t r l: 11 r I % :.!;¦ i "-i.: [ ihe cmisMn;^ .! sr u*L-1 .::u1 L*ir.>Mnri\ perlVrni.-.r.ce
'A	pcn,'--I" d:.all be 5	mil.js. v. hieii-'ver ivlii^ 11 r . !n; 1:? i, j I v 0:lu-c%ck*
cr.^inc nn;i i: i 11 htravy-diuy diestr! cnrnri uHi! 5 Vsriir^/1.Ht utiles w.rncbrver «vr:irs
r'.-r jLI <>:her ke.i'._!¦.dicvji c. Jir.es, However. ml r.o c,'.•>£. r."i.,y ihe	peiu>d be >.>s
iLc basic uiLdMiucal w,irr.int> period for I he eniJiri.* f.irn.ly The .icuul mechanical wjruntv
pormd lor an eneme 'U!en differ- ir-.'r;i inc published w.irr.mly fo: 'l"c :"nj:i;":c Limn;.. in ca^'s
¦¦shcrc ihe rn render rec'^.t'es nr i-> provided a Inniisrhasn: irTcelunie.jl ssnrr.in'v ponod
ThC'CI'jrc. FPA prop-.'^d ri* re^e llu erin^vr. d-jfe.-- and pe:lorm^nCe	to jLhiI;- :Imi
i:if	periods shall r.v'i T'c -:i.¦ si-_r ih-.m die i".i¦-ir:cj'n^nicI -a j.nui ihe engine ihat
iIil' ir„i[i'.jf„L.iuiL'; ,:ciu.id\ rfi^iJcs iu the vcSicle ovsncr."'
Comments
The .'\r".ie:! juri Trucking' As^via;:oi> AT A i provided comment m "-uppoi" nf the p:o|»cJ
mMiioji co -die 'A.i:icr.;y se^uLiiions A ["A noieJ ih.n n?£«iia:eJ nia;Lin;<.Ml wumniics ih.ti.
exceed 'he p.ibji"hei] ba--,c w^rrar.'ies for ;n engine Kir:ii]y .ne fairly picva'er" fnr li-j.ti,y-dniy
engines.
CMA r^conrnrn.lcd th.i! T"PA :evisc die propped reeul^oiv laiieuaee io envjjc -dial u) an
extended u.,;n\!r,'> on select p.ms. d^-s not require she miirrjtacturer to extend ihe emissions
'.«..irr^nlv on ib;* cniirc cr-^ine. iiu a sluicJ cu^tomtfj idNpoi'isihih-.y ;or e\icni!ed eom.mCireuiL
'.v.iTT^niy dm^ no; t-xier.d iIil- mjnuLemrti:'s sale emissions ^ jnjniy responsibility; und i in> ^in
cMcrdcd voiiiirerL-i.il wjrrar.t\ does. Mt expend mjnufjeturers' lijbjlily Kt recall.
I-	irijkmg tine ^jrunty period cquiv;;lcnl 'o ;l:c rncdi:in:c;il w.irr.inly	l»y
th^ jr. :j-.curLM, I-oid eonmicnleii *.h,it it is ml ckur nr.der wh;n jutlmniy EPA wuuld .:L-nn^
on t^-jN'jbii^h die u .irrjnlv proviMi.T.s F^nS .iss'^vornir.enceuj i2i.:[ h.L^ Iven im ^rics'As^p
[hLii engine p,in^ .nJ fmi^wns r;-'*s h-1'^ ^Jisitf Jur^iil^y. Ford con;inued to comn'.enl itul
liPA inte;t^;er-ec in ihe conirj--u:.il (thlitvLio:^ K'^SL^r. it ^nd :In customer?, will hkeiy irATiM^o
;hc price ¦ ¦ I i h;- w.-.rr.in".y or iIcIlt ]iuniur,seiujors liom oJfer;ng 'he dJT.miy -Jnii ^heriMVri." .iny
"i..;1 ncilI from "d-.e p:u\ssion Usll lost.
NRIX: suggested that Lhe warr,ir^\ pcrunl ^hniKd he equi'^ jlent m ihe u^ercl h:e period.
NRJX." heiic'.c^ that .since nKiniif.iv'Usrcrs jts	luh'e lor emirLs rerfornur.ee o^er ihc
useful h:e period, ?.he%' shuthd inwur jd;hnr'r.j.L eo^" 02 regulators' b'jrJen by e.v.enJim: tin'
Wh:le FF'A in fi;i;il;/!!iL' icv^^oiLs fo die pcrforn-ir.ux' vrarr.ir.'!_s pcrn'-d a--, diseL;v,ed
helu-.v. -,ii .ux-iird.irue s\ u3i SeL.[uni 207(i;i ot I lie C'e.in A'.r AlI. HP A li.is nr«c presenlvd
ri*t:iil./ior.N under SeL'i.on Zi'T-. b- 2 j lit th-e Act sshk'h r;'i|"ite lii-ai, v-duty eneir^e nu.'Ui.'jcturcrs to
pri:\:.!e per:un:i,.n>_e jirantie^.
51
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rvo m	ii^'hL hi> ;v;i..,: Sn. h '.k.irrjuu ¦A.'Uk he'j- jjis-.ir,* il!-:>
¦winii^'! ri'n'iv,ir,_; .Iv* disnsce:".!;1-;? f:d C"!!lr.\s '^nuh t.ni IvI'-v eer
ir.e L'liu i': !,'!¦ .c :i;^\'l'.»ir.;^jl '¦> .ir;.u;:', pe.'M'il .. .-.I ih.	ihe [i^^l.il hie
An;ii]VM^'Revp'rirw
P.P\ kTLV^ v. ,n F:M A s t-l i'i:"ii *n Jli'.!¦ "¦ ns .in.! "«¦; I.:1, j :|;l. i ecoiyrnenJ./iuns ei-.irL* ih.ii il-
e:u:ssn>:' CiL\ei.,ee. e\ccpi uhe:e iIil- iKuciunitjl ^v-irr.nuv is. -r.MiiiT irun the nmnumi
^n;isMi'.ns .,rv,v n.\|u,rciren!s conkimed n: the repjljtnv-,% [-.l'A	hie lLhi^s .ls
•-1,ifiile.ii m-ii. in ike rcaOU-ms ..nJ r.>H a eh.inee from ihc intent ol ihe p:o]v*sj. F,PA did noi
i-ilend tu	lii--	>.<, jrrjiiLv provisions lu require 'h.n the1- CO hcN^i'.d li'ie :i;l'lI'.jii:l'.iI
'AjJTunly of liie oni$l: i:i scope I'wt i^ril\ i:i.:tch ihe Eii'jL"luniL"j| w.irr.iTiiv Also. '.he "AiuT^r.V"
provision* ,irc c-jrrcniU no: corrected to recall alii HE*A ilsi r,ot jiropuvi todi^-iec ths aspect ol
ill?	Tn-.is, ,m e Mended < >irsiiicn.."i.sI v^inv-rily ^onlc net exiend -l m.::nj:,:iLi jre;'
:ijluli',\ l'or rcc.ii;. .S:ir-.iLiri>, should \hc wjrr.iniy rcrjiV. e\eee4 the recukitory useful Uie, Ui-e
'¦s. jjijiity ^ou^J riot bci-Vi:!".* imj;id n.crely because irie L"iu:.:rii." li;^ ic.icr.cJ 'he end of the useful
site period,
3n response to Fo;J s	the Agency has Lonj recuifuJ tlu: die cemi--nvwirnniy
penoii Mr .m engine t'„inily :?e equivjIeRt to Lhe basic mcely.intcjl vvjrrjiny nt ihc cn^sns frmlv
Tin' a.iihor.iy f"r --..""im,"he %%.in;sni.y period is p;aMdcd in the Agency by ^etjor; 207u . 'it
rie.::i An Al:. TPA 'inly jiropoMjij .l ,tj>IififJiion io this requiTcmcnl th,it it	betier
eorr.niu;! i::du'-[.:\ ['[jctiU-j, >i-s iiwlcd in ATA. T]ic proposed clMngL"	the !oni!
esLibiished principle thj; the emissions conUi L wjirjnred .ilong %% 11ii ific cn^inc'^ n:cch.m:c.il
operation. tl'A did not receive jiiy e^rnmer.'s in.Lt the esuNishcd tucui^cions li.jve been
problematic or b^ve caused enerne m^riULjcturers to restrict iheu niechaiucjl v^rrjutiss.
EPA does no; heheve di.it the p:opo--eJ chjnce^ 10 ;he reeuLiUons •;revised to ir,co:pora:c [-.MA
conimeniM ¦.'.ill .iffeci; b.isie mccl:,in;c..il wurrjnty eover^ee neejtnely EPA belie.e> ihe .:ri.ir„pjs
ji.i the w.trr.miy rro\ isi.C tor 5ii ^.;i^ jv ]n*a\ \-Jjlv unyjnes t.'sdjl Jile dcfsnsx 'lit; [¦'crind i^cr
¦.khich a new engine l> subject lo emis<;.;iis s.r,ir.d.J;ds .ir.d is linked to durability .reuyiremerus
du:nTg certi^cation and to recall lubikiy. '1'he 'a j.rr^:viy penod ot't'cf.s pro:ecl;. .r. to tl:e o^r.er
gainst ,in I'-olr-'ed comp-oneru hiilure th,:.; the ovsner could otherwise be responsible :'or rep.iirin^
It is r.ol des^cned to require nur/afticturcrs io p.iv for ^he rep I. ice men' of all p.iris of .in eru^nc
Ifiut tio not ;.ssi j he entire ireful life wilhnuL rn.iinlcn.in-.'c or rcpl.icsmcnt. In the case ul .i ;o.alh
l he ir.inuf.ilurer '.'^Ui'.l bt* n*t j.nrciJ "O p.iv lor ri;|-.iirs rfi-Mrdk-ss of the terms o:"'.hi;
Tin- l"i:i.;; rui- ,:=i-.;."is E".PA '-sr.-.ilv rc^uLiMorjs. 11]i ir.dusuv prjctiees. It p;ti'»!des eo-ii'iriJjd
jss.jr,;:i.c ill.;! L'UL'inc-s are djr.rile ^:li;out fi.'qu:jir.g ib.it liiJiiUaCLuJC piii *^4 PkiiI1* to «i^' t
52
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;I::oiij,Vl;: Lie i;:e :I l- ltil: lies ¦amh,rqvur nr repem. v-l:.o ^><.ilu ;>jm: : .11
lv.-, sh^r.tKe	ifi up :r. kPA ,s i„ai,;h- :K- repf. ^i period ^lj_*l uat ;; >j
¦A.rr, per ¦ \l >r,jil r.u: \v k-.^ "kin T;' \\iku ir.u Ji-rn,;,;, ¦.<,.:y of t."iC l'I'i^iu 1 1ms.. [|i-
¦.'.,.;r„:i!> ^'Mki h:-	ih.:r. ii\n |-i:S|-s:i-u iVr dv e:Hji,-,c l-iniii> in ca^ v,n:;c ^
1:i.!r.'jr..L'l.ulu; pn 1'-iuch [..¦ iln." lus"o:iilv ,i Inn-.1;:: !'jm:	-a 14rr..-i* lor p/'V.cni.,"
encirie hAieiMej -a ai Cannes <.t,	r«IJo n.>C e\!eiiu:I:l.- -eir.issnms -ar[i;irL?n-.unr
h<: :tc enure en-Jiiie bat • ¦ n 1 > t'o; ih'^c ;vrs. AN'.-, m c,^es 'Ahere fe^piinsihiluy iW .m e\v..\".d?d
v%,,rr^niy is shared bev^een ir.e "-.vner ,:,r,d the nunufj either. "he emissions -a'Aojld .ilv.i
be shared in liic viriic manner as *pecjficd in the warranty agreement.
i\ Miiiiitt naiu'i' ;imi Repair uf Ivrniviiims (.'mitruk After I Ilk" End nf ihe L svfs.lt Life
Kea\ y-diiiy ermines ;.rc ufitr, us^ii 'ac)I rx-vond rhsrir jc^ul.ijory useful life, ir, laree p.ni due
lu l-K* practice uf cncin* renin kiln.:, 'aIixH rc^Unes ihc engine .:nd ; 11^ ;is c^r^nued U'-e lor
nL:;n \eLirs. I:PA jnopuscd se\cral ithvish'-iis [¦•> help eiisutu p:upsri i:i.i]iiier:ance ami rep-iiT of
emissions rcljicti component aiic; liic cna at the rejuUiqa u\ctul lite. I'ltf, senium Jivideii
mro manufacturer requirement underline rebuild provisions
i M .'.rai f«c 1 s 1 rcr Re 1; u i re riK* n is
EPA ™-p' jv?i« ^neriil require menu fur engine manufacturer*, 'o ensure tk.it ven:ce rrunu.Ls
coni.iin intWni.ilvrc nee.kvl to propcriv r;."]\jir emissions rckilcd eonipuncnK ; 1 flcr ihi er.d oj" tt:e
rc-aJl.ilurv U^cfu] lifi," pcriu^l In	E'iPA prr^^vst'd lh.Lt t'li'jsnnns-rtflii'rd nn-h-;urd
diji'riuslk" svsiffin vilvijN tx: dt^iu'riuJ ns?[ lu ^:u]! i?:i^rLilsng ^\uni [hi: uscIijI life	E:PA
iCL-ei'kcil ctvTiniejiK mily in Mjppurt o! "kese provisions "al1 h no Mjcire-stions :ot r-^vivroiis .nut is
il'-cr-jturt; firi.111 ^ 111^ ^idmui icvision. These proviMons -ire hernG ssnjhzcJ lor tnr.h diesel ^zd
C)![o-c;»elL" ElDE-v I he reaJer is directed 10 ^hc finji rule preamble or secnon 1J1.B o.i the final
1 ulc preamble lor die detailed p;o's;Moris.
it Pro\ isiun^ Pertaining m pneirf l^chviil-tkny. Practices
S11 rii m .."y/Dc^e r ipr in nyi IJ ]ie Js v. ie
E-.iiL2;iie rebusldme is common for Lime he.;w-du^ engines -md rchusldin .:	ths hfc of
"W!"	Si"	V	»	'#
1:1c '-;;eir,e for severe] years The oncin;il m.-nufucmrer's !i.ib:hly end's at i;ic wnd vi th.^ useful
I i:e uhieh as sec to approximate ^h.e retiremer,' of the vehicle i for srna-k-r %chie!cM or ihj uc^iiil-
ici-Lild poir.t 1 fcr J^iecr vehicles'!. Enl;:ne rebuild pr.ktkcs Si.-.vc hcen found lu	ha'vf n-,?
tir.p-ct oii crniNMons in pa>l xuaics. EPA. however, is conserr.til 'Kii nuuc \u['lns!:i.jii;d eiiLM.'^s
and emissions controls used t<» meet irk" new si;ini!an^ be n:or<_- jvor.e tif	uic tim-j
of engme rebuda, m eolation of Clear, Air Act iCAA: '--cin/in Zn3. Foi e\,j;r.ple, eneir.es
onein,ulv equipred ".vidi EGR et'uh- K- rcbuih ¦Ai:l:n;ii :l:u: !\GR ss-.r^jiN being rumsuilled on the
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¦.'r.'irc ] ;,;tclhl'A. pn i?<'"..'d ¦.•,'in.' -p;-", .sncis U r ui-.ne rc — 11I.Lin : ;n,!:_-s t" \ \
KL"^::v'n 2'1/ nidi v>, .h" l:Hp er,:ir,e tcS'l:^	rh^ir rc">pi'i'-i!ii!ii!;"s jnd	:h,.i
K'i,i;I.Un ; nti^s :.i ;'.j _i pmr: ;nL*ii uii'.i^inn-, o>ri!rnl .s	j!i>iu: wjh i".c jnUiM."
H'J \ i !, r-i.^ck: '.lu:	::^.>Acd n i:i>_-	;<( reb-ji.diri:: «'¦; reni.i;ili:Lsir:n_i: Sv.a >•
J". :>	' -A *i:IirIv:-,iJ rci:i*>-.il "I L"nJ l-iil';iil', r.."H.ii;.!-jTj
„-i.l n:hcr .1. k x'm:c.I vs-iii o" .:ire ichuildir.ji musi	clu ]-1.¦ vi-¦ 11^.:c-crit-*cJ He ^v. to
.i^ul lampc;ir..; 'Ai'k "I:? c:"..:iru .111.! |K emi^-.'n-- oT.frM.o
IDiir:;vr'	rL-h-jiMm:1. p.irUe*. irv.o.voi ri.i\e j ;e j^'lldKc Cccl 1 ri 1 _.i! ;.-r
kr^u. i:iej cli,.' i!:-- ichju	l\|u\.ilerii, :'m:n .in em^i^ns MjnJ?oi;v:. ;.*• j ccmt^d
tV n 1 j £ u; ation :i e .	vpe-'i^icii'Lunv n|" ihe s.irne it n^wcr nii'dc, ve-ir ui
1 Hv eniine hcir:,^ re^u.lt. A Le^uiiJik hjsiv wiuIlJ  behove cluj". the p^:; rcElorm^ I'r, inslruccinris .M n'.c^i um itu cr.^ifc n; miimI.j; t'n^ir.c^, ;i nnE tf^pcclci^ :n .i.tvcock ;ittot"L in-J'-c
*inu,vMOsi.s.
12 1 A n-p'-ofnisTii entire mis I K* <¦¦( ior rebuilt loi ;i cunfijiur^unri c-nho s^;r.o r-r
mi'dd	liie nru:ir\il cr->.:ire. TIvjs. in .uJJi:iun. unJcr I'nc proposed rcLiul^^ions 2 pany
v.jpplyini: j ich.nli (.-n^irtL \mvjIiI R- prnhihiu-i! Trcrn supplunti m rcpku'eriicr; oneino -.hu! iN not
;^hJiiL m ,s L*irr:riL'Li^[iO;i "l:e sjir.t? 11: Llcr [iiiklel ¦vc.:! eIi-j: 1riHk"-in entire
131 Ac Ihc fifi'rC of ,rcb'ji]d. ein^^LOilN-soLatdii civics i'i,* M^r'.als I j V>ti"i 0[;-h-iMrd nionilwnm;
^y-Xcm*- may no; be cr^cd 0; rc\ct withnui ducno.^n^ jnd rcsponJinii jppropnjEely 10 U.c
diJL!r,o?.ho codes. ;c^.irj;c\s of '.vhoiri'jr ih.e	arc i;^:jRcii '0 sjust;. hPA leqLUjcrriLvri'-.
under 40 CFR S6 09^-25 or ior o:her reruns .tfd re cardies'* of form cr inlcrljcc.
sy^en'.'j in.in1, be free of .ill M:wh. csnJc" when ;hc re'nmli entires ;jjc reiurned tf» "crt'ice Furlncr.
s:u"'n sii.:n,il>. may nni Iv renJercLi in^ptTu'ivc diinni; the rcbuik'.^n^ pr^ve-f
" -1 '¦ iie:i con J'-Ctinj .::i in-tuinc cuhuiLd 'he uisijk.Ltion 01 .1 cd-m!' eneins, >111
e;ms<;o;is-u'l.!:L-d	r.ur oihiPA^c .uidrc^cd by cho „havc ptciviv:o»v niu^ Iv cJieclcetJ
.i:>J clLM.'icd. icj-jiicd. u; icpkuuii ^hcie	:*oI 1<_i'.t 1 r*ic nur.ur.ieiufer leeonunendcd
practices.

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LPA pi^'pn^c.! ih.i; any rcr-un ¦ er.mv en^.ieed in, li.e pri^ss. n 'aIvIl: it ir r,ur.
:cKii;J;r,g: engines -Alio i.-U 'n i.vrpk w-r -'ic .rove p:n-.:s;,\>,u\ 'v hah!:.- t *r • imp-ei i;,.- ir,
vi'i|,il!i">."i i'-3 CAA SiLiii'-i 2• i/:.11 1 P.,rue ¦ .%n.iki K" responsible to: :h.e .i."r. ines ."ver'.vh,(-h
ihes have control .ir.d -s -o.-li mere may ?e ir,"re ihm "ie rc-pii.-.Mhk" p.my fur .i single engine in
c.i--,'v wjiere «:i::urni v.::i;es perfnrn shl'L'rer.: lasks Marine me ci:inc rehiikiir.e process ic.g .
engine rebai J. fait	assembly. in-U:ll.ilv.t.j FPA did no: propose eemfi.-.iiin-, reeo-d
keeping, *'>:	:e.;.:irci¦ .-J>¦!' I he rebai..k*r -'r engine ,"Airr and ihere ,aoi,]1.| "'V r." in-L^e
eni:ssiuiis ii:i.|Li,!c:r.CMis.
Corr mentis
S„*-.e;.k ir.diisiry eiiii-Tiienler-s	spurted the proposed engine rebuild pf. r.t-.n;>n^ tr.ciJJuil- the
A[i!i*riL';:n T.'iiwk'nii' Ass: ¦ u.ort, !	t jlouuiiiv-tf P-scire Rchuiubrs A^vi.ifo-R < '.v ho rcprcscr/.-i
uib!l'pciuicie[ e n g! i iC ;ch >'si. an	e Atnenea: uck Dealeis Dl*.M^n of [lis N^iun.J
Auiomornle Dealers A-- .non. i ,.eir commer.. jppored r.l'A s pusitinn iii.it use p.-opn-cd
provisions represent current industry practices und ineir commcr.es did not note .my r.cganvt;
„vnM.",u.erees U-r 'heir irer:ir eumpames iLue to LIproposals.
E-.NSA r.n se J ivs n cor,ceins regarding 'he pro1. iston> as they relate to >jry_-1r:o r^m.iriuUt iure-v4
and a, few inuiMdiui engine manufacturers recommended that engine fcm-snulaettire:-. no: l--e
covered by the rebuild prov hions. First, EMA is concerned with the provision [Ji.it the tehuikler
reph-.ce the original engine with or.e ot" trie vime or Liter model year, The reason lor coneerr. is.
that an engine rc manufacturer cannot re- on;!.H|s impure lri;Lt sn eneine is repLiced wuh one or ihe
correct ir.oJel ye,,; K:c,i:.i'.c the re manufacturer never de^K with the owr.er direcily, ^.r.d in not
involved v»:;h v,-, nchin^ engines ENTA recommenJs ih;?: only the p.irty performinc the en^ne
switch he rf-vpor^iKc k'r ensuring ih-tE ihe .ippropn.^e cr-eire moUel is useJ
Stfuord, 5;N!A ;s v'Oiieurr.L'iS lh.H l.le pr«iVisioiis t^udinc: ihe lebui'ikny: of e:u:ir'.e^ tu the
s.inic 4^ kilei titiHlel ;.ejr 'AOuld hn: sery hjrdcilsorlie tor retn^rUHLieturers. Rejnjnuljjtucers
leceive n:.m\ ir..dc-jn engir.es « huh arc ihen disa^cmhlcd, dovs ri 'o ihe basic engine core. 3 he
engine coie c«n then be rehudt to j variety o£ cni;ne rr.'ideis and model \ears because the b.:s:c
core often dr-es rn! ch.mce from model ye.ir to moJel ye;sr. EMA f'.'-nir'.icnlcd ih,i: the en,::inc.
,,re reb.iiit to a comficJ level ofcir.issiojis pcrfnriii.ince .mi! .ire [abc'eU m iilcniify :lis sec nf
sl.indards "Ahich ihcv will rr.cet. Huwcver, Ihe cn^ins: i^. nsst neces'sardv Eeb'jih tts be of the s;jh:c
m.slei \c.ir .is i" %\as -Alien [radcd-in. '.Muld In; u-r\ d:sjup[i\t; a ml! cos'lv id she
reiiurafaeturer if the renuMLul'aeturer IljJ t ustni: p;«uLu",Kin slvlc ,issenib'v-lim." inetlnuk. ]-"ngine Cine-, liosii uade sns
.ire sh;rpe.t to ihe reiTi.ir,.i"a.liirin.: !',.s. :hi%' wJiere they are CuinpleLel} dLs^s^i;ir.blcd ior rehuiid
on the ..ssemHv line,
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• i-i"!i -n t!i.*	rn ¦:nhil irj nc!,n:j .sr. L'n :;inc '^itli ¦> if an O.:i,ioi :: i. ! ;.f. ;
cot!itii!uJiS5iiin,
l:lfA jI1-!! ;rejc:wd ci'n'iT.jnK jovMr.i.rr; :K' >.¦: .iLil-rr:it parts ar.c '.;-.e r.c-j«.j r-. r
'.vn;i;L\;U'.>r;	.]Eiet;iu:«;e: pan-. F.PA	tvmn;eni ^ from HMA rh_\ tiii- :to\ imi
ren.nr.in: ".lie ik; rop'.^'cmcni aic	jm.I n;-,uuM ha vl.:ii:";cd In	mn:
ir.jru.r.:.i.:u:r.*r n-,. oruvervo.: :l;a! I~PA eMaha'-h a ce rt 111 Oa Im:5 piu^im >r .'Uenv.arkel
lepLccn'.ent paM* T.-i-j c-,':ni:^r-tL*r h?U"o> th,<; af:erm,:.;kul palts ^upr'>--s 'l!*d iv,|i:,red hi
corJua enu^ion-, e._<-ei;:j: m fmvu enr.%sims pc.'kvmrice ^3" the pan and 'hat :I:o
ccrliinrjUi-n or paru v,uu[d !>- im ir,>sr^ L-n:i:pU"\ or stringent sh.m ilie now ch-jhil* _utii::-^.m,-mi
rri\<:r,m The c>'mr,".enter n. icc ii.it iLutl: ,.:c m.t\ Miklc iioip lolcr.-.nce-. d:ai wi.I mak-- u ¦-
dillKi.il! !cr .1 rcb.nMcr to ;aJge *a lie I hcf or mm jii al:eri3i.itls.ol u-'nlai-einer'. p.m i* Cv|Ui'>.i!cri! :«<
an ir.rxKii'jiiii pail...
NRDC rec^rnirieitded iLai EiPA -'la-c Ii-lI::% on the rehui|i:ep* for ino m-'j-*e emission^,
performance of ihc rebul; engines LPA should :hen test ihese zuh-.jui entries ,!-¦ part v.: a larivr
Lnn-.ps^her.-s'Ac in-iiM- cu;r-phar,ce pmor^.ni which the conimer.iL-* mil'uosk ^koald hz KimjJ on .1
-ample loaded di^Ms-h^ei: Il's: lie\ eloped by the Agency. The comme liter nmod ;kai if £c
EiPA r-jLT-.Tii/rj-.. I:MA'-, Li'c.ll"rnrel;. 1 p.I;ns-i tho effect of 1 he proposed prov-Mi.;-^ on
reinjr.,jf,:CLiro;i ,:r.d .iCseo> ^mli RMA\ icur'nir^i'jr.d.iEinns fn: revisions. Cnp.ne rcni.inuljttureis
must be sztven spcci.il consider.iii^n rcejii^e ;ht:y run asstfimhly-lirii: si\Ie o]-«r.nions -ir.d do ~y\
mterfjce directly cu^lomers. Other type< ot rehuLklers j;e eusiom rehjiJdL-is s^ht-rc c-ch
::ni::.nc- p- rebuilt indr%;dujll;. I jnd intert^ec direcdy xvnii the vehicle owult .::id [li-jicr'nrc1 i:u nn:
¦'h.ire ihc cvreoins r.H^ed by EMA. Becjuse encir.e remiinut^elui-ers do no*, miorijce -ai;1i ;ln:
end u^-r of iliyir :t<-ducts ;ir.d arc not involved with engine ion* 2] la Lion, Ihey j.mnct easily dor.'.rnl
i!i- !i- of ths rc.';r,inuUv',uTed ermines ihcy produce. Therefore, it is much more pMeucjl to
rL-.jL.irL* i:i./ -.shLTi ,m engine is repl.iccsl, n he replaced '.sith the ;ipprepiiLile eneir.e. th-m i' :s to
rL^[L.irc liie !c:nj,nU]'aO".Lir^r to sujij^lv iht; appropriate enyint:. EPA ,ilsa iiridcrs'^nd^ thh" ;i
ELin^nuiac:urer 'AGJld have '.rcmemdr-us dillleul'V Lr,ii_-ks.ns." l*j,^]i engine L'i-rc lh.u	lo K,"
:er?unuiac:urcd in order to ensure iii.it 1", is rehmlt in :hii s.~,uic cr r,e^i:f t;iv\lel VL*.ir. AUo, s-.idi .s
requirement would not provide oiir quality ho no tit. ai^en Lli;:t whai iiiaicots rno^t ^ ;l;at
appjcpruile cnizinc be m^t;i]led ^n the sehic:c. The retire, the mo>c cntieJ ^pect ot
rem.'.niif.k-.iirinj: woi!'.j be to ensure thai engines .ire re'r-mlt lo certified confiLiur.ition ,;r.d sh.it
*he> .-.;e rn-pcrly iik-n'itled ;n terms of nunici >e..ir ,^d confiynraiior. so ih-H !he .ipp:opr.itc
cr.^ini* ;s in^t.iKe.; Rmh of tlu'-e pr.^'lu-c- are s!.nd;.rd remanuf-iwUiririi: pr-ctice^, anil arc
rot.LiiiwJ :n tin: ti:i.ii ruk*
5fi
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E:PA is re--.mi: J u- pnip;.s.i| i j-tm i<-n*n li In ULjUiie Mie toji'.v ir,2: uiier. c::._:nv* r- K-i:ti'
icpu;!: and .-en^ns .nslalied o- is re: ;^:al "jd m ine ^jir.u %eh.c.e. ii nuM ~e rebji.: -.¦¦ .1
coniiL,u:.i[n«.'i *•: '.he or Lut model ve*i! .;n -lie pri:;:n.ii en::ir.e When t,n er.>-Mi:e :-¦ Hc.m:
1 L'j'i.iLji3, i:;j en^ne mas; ?,e repinecd 'A.'di .a; cn.Jire m| ,vrr rebuilt to* a ivnfiiuitai;or: nf ihe vime
rc latei	year a*. :he i-jilmi.jI engine. .-V-*o. EPA ie\isru: p;o\is|.n ; in roir.u'.c 11¦ c
rcquteinei" 10 icihUj :u ;hc s^me or laier moi;el vear con^uuraiior:. hPA r-ehc\e-' ih,:t ihe<-e
.	¦ i.¦ -¦ ! s.r-Ni.inrr.ely chaise the cl'k^i nr i:k- program. continue ',o .e:"eui rl:? nlcnt of the
propn^al, ,:J.lre*s F M A's c^ncerr^. Also, tliL":e2oie, PPA ii-.vs not SchcM: liui'. 1' ;s
iiecess.-v In e^enip! r^raniiiulurefv as reLjLCsled by some of lli; ci.Jiiriu"nlcr^-
Wuh rcjj.iiJ to atiemi„;ke: pans, h 11c ccrtific,irion lessmg. ot pails might he ihe rr.'io.
precise w uy to detcrirune that •iCmm.irkct p.irK provide me >jme emissions. control ordinal
p.irK, F.PA K*|OCs ill.-.' suell CCvrillL: 'Aojld lv- VL'JV CUsTLv _lnii is r.Ot W.Lr.MII'cd based Oil
v.liable 1L/.1 re gamine afrennarket pjji*. EPA's engine rehuildir;: sir-Jy indicated 1 Ji^c use o:
pails does 111 it appear in re 4 M^niticant source ot loss of emissions controi."'
Dierelore. LJ'A proposed ui^vUl'y i!s evsUng po|x;e^ re^ardm^ the 01" atierni.irkct parts.
r,;ihcr than :norc -tririccn: suiMvLJo-i 'Hicsc [Hilic;cs for ihc use ot	;-.ivls:cir:cnl
r.i'hcr th.in cmi^^tons tc-cir,j in dcierminit;^ il »i)[sis nuy W needed
dependiiiy: on thir n.iiurc of ihc changes. EPA understands,	tli;ii wcmponenls jj-c
beeoitiiriL.: m-jre suphisiu-.itcd, often in response to- ti^hler eir.:ssions sijniLird\ Farther
icqujieti'.!j!-.:s •¦¦> i;-]^ fjiuic »m he iippropn^c if there in cvidcr.ce in-Jicjitng ;i MgniSkjnl lov.
cnussioii"; CkUiiiiji due t\? tli^ us?: af jt'iennnrkci ^urEs.
EPA h-i> the .uithonty ;o adopt emissions sumljrLl\ ami rclrd programs for renuiU H3>Ms
iir.dcr sccin'.n	Di il vjch rcnualJ r«.^ULre:iieiiL\ .ire ^jirr-in^ed. EsUihji^hir.;e a ^t.ir.ddrd \ir
cni-ssjiins performance liability ba.sed on %tc e\isiinc tesiiri^ inetJmd is aKo n^'-t appropriate
ihis e111 :i_*. The \ .isi n-,.i;urity 1.1 f reniulders do r,ot h^vc rej>onjMe jeeess u* ilii-s, oj"u*stm»z
dLe to lii^li ,irui emissions peri"o;m,inee lability w;ln not proposed tor lebailders dm* to
ihe Nj^i'.ii-caiit l-Ljdeji r. -^uiiSd pnientialh reprcscr^. The cosK of o^blishine j stJiuLird and irt-
use pcnonyiarcc1 liability cannot jimmied based on i:ilVrm;iUon eurrertly .loadable to Ihe
Ascncy, 'Ahich indicates iha;? rebuilding ls no! j source i>:' emissions tletir.kl.iUc-n
Because EPA believes that Jhe jKivc pts>\jsions repruser.: sn-jnd eru:ir,e rcbtnlJir.c practices
,ir,d iire K'ine finalized to help prevent t^mpenng and loss oe emissions cumrol in general, EPA
ci'inlirucs to -believe thill the provisions ^re applicable for C>lio-eu"lo engines as v\ell as di^scl
engines Orean;zations reprcsenUng the vllsI majority of engine cebuiLki's cojiu-isenie.t in supp;-.rr
t'fthe p;op"sa^ ,;.r,d did not raise concerns rep^rding the e:fec" of ihe provisions iheir
" fiea-.s duly t-.ru-inc Rev«uddir,g EVactic^." HS'A Fni.il Rer-aii by Torn Siiu ker ,-v.l K.srl
Simon. Nt.-.rch 2]. Docket A ':>5-27.
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;C^J! K:;ii .*	E.pA, h.is im\h l!i: ph". ismns n i ui^e >n l.irue
TC'n.iniihitiurcr	:¦! er^'-rc :h.s; tl:c |~i>"¦ \il^-1 n*- do nm	i:riir.:-.'n,led l.;,»•
<.l..in_;o i"K*:r ;:T.iu^tr\ pr.:, :u
iii,	Rehji'J R^-nr:! Kcjrir.;: Kl\|i: ire.T.enK
Siini'- ii'. |Vv. ¦i|Vini l! -j-p Kx-.i•¦
I:P.A I >..*,! c.'nir-i','"N '..!VpMr,_: minor leci^d kL'cpii:,- iul:,iitl'ir;cElt-¦ wtv.ch E:FA
w^u'd K- in-hn- ^irh s_-n¦>i. iin,in business practice. The Ae.ui^y -.wiild then Im\c
that	would hn jv\.i!,iKe s'ur:nspocIn^-o 10 determine compli-ir,^ v-nh tin'
propped rcpu.U.: pi us isionv A*» de - ^ mhu.I, ir, ;kn NPRM, ihe re-/ur,K v* r»j|d :v ; u i_ j 1:0,.1 *0 he
kepi '"•% pernors involve J it; :he pi ocevs ot Loj^y-Jutv eni'ine rcl-uikl jr,>: c*r rem.ir.uLcuniiL!
vn-uJi ;i.s\e ti> in,-|ui:c th,* mik.icc -inu.'or h.nifN ,it Isit.c ul ichJiU jnd a INi*»:" ilit- v.or'*
p-erfermed r,n ihe	ri.-1.i:l--.1 i-1i*ii --•-¦ i¦ ¦ fi control	me lullinglist : up I. cement
pans used, crtL'ir.c: pjrjmdcr j-.I;.is1:iil'hIn. ilssiyn tic mem changes, cmisvsdis ecIjIcU	and
siLin.Us liliii ,;ie fu^p-i".'>J_"J io and tl'-uC d tii_' response "o the signals and code-i, arid
performed .is described m Kern i-h ol ihe tehui'd provis^-ris above EPA uKo noted ih.it it it is
a^itiTr.,ir\ pr.u-uce m keep records |nr croups at ejigi:\e^ '^hece the.- chl'.iiu"-, arc bcire rebuiit or
i^is.inuUciLK'i: in jr, nienlic.^ con^enrai :on. such record keeping pr^cti^t!- ^miM s.hmV ilie^c
leLpuiiemeiiK. r.PA '•••.'i;!,! re^uin- Midi rL-cnp,l¦¦¦ k> he kept tor ;-ao ye;irs utter else encir.e >,
rehudt.
Comments
riPA r-.'L".*i\l-,1 li'niiiicn^ :"rnn; the American Trucking Association, ihe A^iym-.i.-lvc* Pn^ine
KcIh;i!-.Umn AsMVi./iuru am? iK1 Anicricjn Tr.iek Deulers D:vi>;or. at the Njhonji Amtiifiol'-iK-
IjtM-eiv. Ax'4^s,:tiiin in.li.j.inni: tii.ii flu- record keeping req-jiremenis 'Aould not inipn-,,j ;J Ih^lIct.
]o:i^ js rcL't^di Lu.ild Ixr kqH in ;I¦ uir (.uncnl form ;mJ EPA J:J not require d dupiieate >.lji of
iceoids ^pceiiLeally eonipluneiL" witli tli-j
EMA ...id ^oni.e menilxrr eotJTpjnie^ Mihunlted coiiniierit^ uppusiri^ |\>rrn,^ reword keeping
rcqturemer.'^ ti> unneeess^r)" jn.d h-i;:denxomi\ The etHiim^zi^M^. in.?ct;ii 1K.1t jcnhJinifLiciiirerN do
r.oi keep in form,man on eucb ir.divid'j.d enptne ;hjt joes jh,iroiighi the a
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lite	r.ni'iri- Rc'urlucrs .V-ml":jin-i rcqucvsd cb:if.catu>ri so cr,v.ne "Im:
records. did no: ha'.e;<<	"n l. pL'r:'"rncd ~"r other	1~.t ex.irr.rle, .1:1 Lsk"n spccijlrt for :ehji;J.
A"i >--!¦>
I: PA '-j je^es ir:.11 ximp;.' rcj--T«i ktcpji"..' :cj.aiiener^ are r,ceded i:i order to cn^i-c .in
,!CCiKt.ih.* mCwlv **: eniorcciiwrv Wnhi-i:', J K\-r-;d keeping rcqji;emcr,1. 'he AiiL-.'uy uou,J !:a\ e
prc-it" Ju'f\"i;liy n,.;d:nt: ili.-e mk ^.i."!;ipLyir\: with the re ih.il;.t> Jccor.niaKe lor tneir
no', wumpL>ir.i: wonUl rm K- iikcl> u» kco records. CPA behcu's ijus all o: "he ^incerr.N
.'•fU'.c connr.er'er-. oin hi" .id.lres^ed mu'Ji Hi./ ilie nrrnul :e./or;k kept ;i-, p.;.ri ofcuslon'.ity
husir.cvs pracnc?'. v. i:l He nithescr;: lit *.^:r\|y [iPA ntfcdv
In r^por^e to the comrnenK EPA ,!.;:rcijs i :u( n.*nir,|iji;ri- should be flowed lo keep '.he
information in wh.i'c^'r *orn\ii ;ke\ choice. hut ordv .is h'n.e .i*» "i on be provided lo an EPA
enforceir.erJ olllcer in ,i wji l^u.t ii uiidcE^C^^djMe to the otElcer. Fnejne re-! 1 *nlii:tcr> can
L^e refolds. slcI; as hai'd pait.s kv.s. and cneineeriri J pal.mii^ets th.it they keep uu the
engine tuiiiilie-, K'ir.g ie^nanu^urc»i r^her than on ir.dividu;t.I engines. Aho, rem^iuiaaurers
would not be :ej. jired to keep information on each individual emissions rcJ^ed djbenr^tie code
dial nugh; He re-.ee bu; i >nIy inform,'-tion on ihe process by which p-:-sibIc code> ,ire .sddre-^ed ,ls
pin ol" ihe rem^nufacUtnne process For e vimple. if ;m eng:ne is equipped with a -.cr.--or ih;it
n:oni;or>. the EGH flow r.ite, the fem;inu:'.u"U::cr could s^:c lh,U vjch a code 'aon Id .'J'a ay.-, he
jddrcNved dur.ng the rcrr.1 nr.t^"Ujri^c p:ucc>s. "-.iv. K-c.jiisc "he EGR ^^icm h ,iUv.iyv rebuilt :n ;i
eert,i:n 'A.iy wb;cn cnvarcs rn^rvr up-cr./iun. P.PA cupeels U;al rern.iniis'aeturer^ ^urr^nlK kscp
lhe^£ Ivpc o|" records in order "n cimlrol she	OJ'Micir ];nH^jeEs.
E-inails. 1:PA aeree1- tliat; e mi ail li 3 a-j - l: :c r-v or rcnusliicrs hhould no; be required to keep
rceo^ an intouiiaixv. ;hat they do not have aceos to a^ pari ot r.orm.u business pr.Kticc" For
c\.:mple. rem,ir,j:\jcturer^ should no; be required to keep u^h^x spc^ilV mform.ition '-ncli
m i leapc tn formation
'n re^ptinNi' lo "h;e Aii'iininnve: E:.:iL;ine Rc^ulilder^ A^sixuLioa i ALRA) reti'je^t tor
cl.irillLMtion to en^'e ili.it reji'in^ did nn: h,tve to he kept on v-Mrk performed by other parties, it
is the ir.tent tit lite rc-uilatuX'i in Isold	responsible ordy lor work Ihey perform and no: t'nc
activities of others. I:PA sx[>eo tlu; customer. biisinc-s> practice in the example nosed b>
AFRA ^ould be for ihe cebuilder to no;e from whom the rebuilt fuel system u;is .lUaincd -ird
vi..jh .* no:e would he suftiCLCRt :oi tl3A purposes.
In Mimiii.iry, HP A ^ establtshinc record keeping reqi.-irt."irvjr^s tor thtise pj.rueij'jung m i;:e
iebuildm^ on.'ir.e-, ..nJ thui re.:tTu^ K; rcqu-.r^tl in be kept nniy or. >^i>rk jvj fv>rnied by ".he
'jtven p.irtv RecrdN ^h.i.,1 inch.kle ihc irilea^e arui'm Iiujis time o* rebuild and a itM o: the
work perfonr.ed on tl-e enemo ar.d ri."hned eunsMon coniiol s\>tc.'iTs mjludiniz .i liv o|
repljeemeni msc.:.	r~:,!"ie:ei .i-hasiinent.-n, de-^i^n cJcmenl chancer, emiss^ris relate..!
59
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..v.l.'-,td	n,.r . ~e ri-!ct; :n jnJ r^ul ,:i:d iI.<_¦ r^p,.r,-.; i.¦ ij,.j ^urhjls aiul u, , ,J
pL-r:Vi;n-c.| .i~, di^criS-d in lU'ii i-li ;I:ierii-|,.'. j-1,immiv.	131\i.
iL:i:i.;r:'.i|and ic'i.ni.L'ss -aill \, re rc^Li!,\,«- *n vjep	ir.Uinnalmn l.ial ire- d"
['.Hi	to as »'I n.-r'ii.i| hjMO.'ss p.\k~:ik.es KoPu.luers shah K" .iJn'Acc :i> ,\CL'p i':i„*
-II:1 ¦:ii'.i!..t", ir, ¦Ah./jscr	Sr...*) dl-¦n-e. .is Iuhl; ,ii k Can he p:uv idjcho „tr, I;p.-\ cn:«">:<_i.'irciil
i'Hilc: ii; .. ^a\ ri.it v-	-kni.LiMi' K: I hi- uEE'clt. furhcr, loOuds i:ia\ he k i.- p I /n all cn-JuiL
l.iiviLy i,i• i.-f r|i,;:i	erJane-!¦%-eii-Mie Ku^i*b.ji,n the
s.ur.e ¦a.a- I'* :he ^..:rc sp^vJu". M"nv .ss is tiio ease :n assurnHv line 'cl*:-ilui"^ pruce^es
5. I! emu unit; Initntivi s
a. Voluntary Labeling
Slltlli -i.i rv' f1 rijls-r^'f I >y Km re
EPA rjcuo^ed Coiniit-Jiil^ v-n hal l1 il! rin: pruposr ^ nliin'.'.ry ercvironmeiiLij Iahebn:.; or
"creerf I.i helm;' ot h.Cavv ^1 ut> t:"iL'i:'«'jv i ami ^ShcIl's i i i 71 p-^l! with those er^nievi mi-el
./ert.un cnleru There were ihree separate en:efia Jl-.lu>.'-C'.I in 1:1c pral fnr -a hi eh j label
¦.vuld he >v.;ed: i'n^n^ ceriifiaL "0 :he p:npi.^ed sLir.d.Lfii.1 eaiker :kan r^iK^d. enpine*
cemk-.d lo ..:i niermediaie tfiirsMor.^ Iorl between the proposed ^ndLid-, .• r.d ill? ¦e.,-kl.irds
:jrrenlK :n enoci tor :ke rus-.Lul ve^r, ...nd cn^in?s powered an jlLcriTair.e tuel. An incentive
!or er^ir.e rnanulac^ers, wnald Ix? ihat ihuv wuuld be .ihk-10 m.irkeL their proJuct _-,;rjL'n".
Ar,o;her n;,un mcenmc :Vtji:uai Js.
slsul: such engines, jjc .1:1cjl!\ j!. juahk. Ar.uihcr L'oninicn'rr believes 1h.1t ihe program's
ctEectP.'ciiCss wo J Id bo d:.iTiir;js||L-d il" cniM jvjs Vihioli .n«: unLv slit^lil Is cIcuhlt in.Ln ihe
si.ir.d..:ds jre piver. efcen JjheK S:iliiI.::I\. NREK" jKo icOiViimir.dtiiS iI-.ji I'niy t-r.^irfs ni'-'ctinj;
rlu* n.nv st,ind.ird early cr Jow emmini" .iLieinjii'-o-tuelcd ciiLiines he chgihle r^: LK-U, miiuij
ill.," en.i:;nes hel'v.v inc shin.j.irii nut a'rove the proposeu JW-l sijndjid iAOjld ^iready he
^ul-h spc-ial L'nriMiieraiu'-r, imcer the ,5vcr,i;:in;j. b.'.ikinLi. and cn.dinj: program "I he NaTUial Oas
t •,>
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Vd;:ck- >j; m. o s.iy^csle.l 'h.il j L H'I he es-,iHl isliL-d :'n: ermines ccE'iliLd in l;,.-|; U;j
pit-posed ,s t j n car**
Pelroil Diesel Cur.Vrali.T. aUn siinp,--r[-'d L.e ../vjnj OCicept JX'imit Diesel <"o:r% r,i:!iT.
sU^'ecsleJ 'ImI. M keep the p:nj|..:ii s--,|-1;-!(J„ hi*A	-I "»!nsjlc LTI'-rno h', VV.h:Cl'i IjI'l'U
'~v iv-iiL'.i Per;o;-. Dx-el roei^nuner.ded lhat engines in percent Ivlnw die NOV NO\ p!ui-
NAIHC". I'M M,.!'i.i,i!\< Ji.::irz. ;he i.i^i year r.fa r.ew si.i!id.::d he ciieih'j ^re-.L-'\v.* u '.ilv: .¦ no
ih.it the rercentace incrc,.--c by 5 percent each >^\ir until ihe percer,:.juC reaches -ii> :car H" the v.evJ..:d -M:er rie l"i:"rh uv: of the OnJarJ. engines rote m i:i.-il- Mm v.
I he	would i;j.: iiy for j label De'mU Purse* nn;cJ ih.it lahrhne alone pr-oviJes nr.lv, .j
inL-'nlivL1 ,m.l ,<> nr:iikeh in l-j	;n Ler.erale wide interest in ?l:r pn•	D.-'r.'-;,;
Dlcs-jI :eeo:iii:ij.^Js in.it E:PA confide:' oihe.* ir,cenUk-e^ sucn ^ exempm^-s I'io;n ;n-use restm.'
sueli as recall ic-tinc to: -he nurva: act titers ofihe engine', and. :'o; she tn 'c;n, L-\e;np:i"iis :t> >ml
state inspector, ar.,1 nu-nieran^v ^iv-virarns.
Sn:i:e eominer.'.eis suprntlit:.': ll'.e concept ot Eahe'iK£ also eaU'iOtied i-PA lji.it eare rrv.Js*. he
t./cen 10 ensure iimc engine-; ,'eceLVine j LiM re we^l maintained in-Use. CVrmne-Teis nn:eiJ lhat
|j':t*k'd \eh:c:e\ j-is-Acied hy :vvtiy m.isnLulled ¦imokinj: diese) eneme* would severely
undermine tr.e credibility o:';he proeram Some commented xccomrricr.dcd thaL label
deMer.alion he limned to the .'ca-'Liior.- usei'ii- bh," a;" (he cneines
The Air.cnc.m Trucking A Lai inn. while suppni'inLL tii^ eoncepc i»;':n.jrksi-b.ivct1|
inccnlive^. L'.)nnn?nlc»t thai "h.i: lar^c ni.i|nritv o: truck Ijeet^ ^vould iikelv jkjC irjlirjc^ted ir; a
labeling rro^Tuii:. an'civ^ uurs: cunne^sd to osher econoime incentives, datr 'o :l:e Inuhlv
ccimp-eiiisvi! ruiiure ni ilic indiMjy, Tiuek Ueet:', would Jikely '-lca ;t as an ^ddraonal burden th.ii
ojVAiji^jis the i'e:i j 11h ot part ieip.it ir.e.
t.MA o~j
iBanuJaclurcTN.
An.i a >1 >/Ree|;n^ Lor.eept irs ibis ru'e.
Key p.irucjpants including '»he ene^nc m.ikcrs and lr.K>ir>i; industry d:d run vuppuii tlte concept in
its current :'o:m -.ir.d their suppnr, %voiud be necessar> :"nr a suceesssul pjogtam. Other
comnvcnters raised ^ienUlc^ri'. i^- 'es re^.-'iliiu: en!'ii[Cei:ier.i and program sjleeu;irds. More
procriim Jevelornier," arid di^L" -.'n ^itk stakeholders would be needed in Eully assess -j a
[abelinv: prcu:rain ean he Jash^:- , '.^lueh vt iJ[ provide a st_enLhc;'."1 inccrlive Inr the ^:k' and use
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"J l'l'.iit.t .*~¦'i r o ^sc^ l:.r-c iwr r.r.scti,'1'- •„<¦ n¦ xenk'i<¦ Hi.." i";iis^i he
h„'tr.:c j i.ilxrhiiLL p;-'inm c.in he	.ill> iir.pL-ir.eiice.i
h. Vnlunlan Si iindiirdv'Incen lives
Sinrn	.'n ni'i'ic N m : e
EiIJA	CM.'u.ncriil ^ = n die need I¦ i jnd tju^i!.:h||uv nf Mili.ni.sr.' NO\ -liui PM
M.inij.iri.:-. in ;hc period !:on i	to eiienLirji;'..' CL-elinie.i!. ir.nm jivn 3 he Lkim..'.e
P'jkrisers ".he hca^y-duty ermines 'A^Ud he jMe to ;n.5rkii: di:* enii^ions crecih ee^cr-iied
pm\;ded lli.'rc vv.is nn d. i:h|^-eivjnl me, LPA .i^n j^ed for e^nim^rv: nr< nplinn.-.i f-trX
ecE:ifiL\Huin i'(C OlCo-ey^e unn-^ jv ,! mejlls 10 Jeljy ^nmpkance 'A'lth Jleiruilue, mr-rc
'.Uineer'il N.MFIC" -NCK lUnJardv :n
Comments
In £tfr.er.jl i-onirner'.vv-s s.ippnrted .1 \ n|iiri:.uKisheii
[i3ng[jms in recognize jnd rcw.ini npen nmrkcl credits, Ar. Olln-cycle cncine niJiiLiLi^uicr
commerced thu: uilu;iur\ L'ccti Ileal inn wiujIiS n.
Ar..i-,.Mv'Rc.ron5c
EPA believe* tKil ,1 iiiX'-J U;rcct for v olun,t;*iry istondjrds ;n the lWS-2<)03 jviiod -ao-jIiI he
the p;npnse,l vurahrds :"or AHcr EPA hetieve^ :h,.il ur\ .ippropnatc r.i;ce[ ^culd he I
g/H]ip-hr NO\ .tr.il 0 Hfi i.'..'>hp-|sr PNt sinec ibs^s .ire I In: :.ir^c>. in 1 he SOP for reduclioriN be s or. J
2()04. Ac rins nir.e, HPA has rtn tl^llnicc ^Ilms 1"nr .spcrnprijie iiKcncj^c% for 'he ccrUlnMhon of
er.J;ir.ies to L-TAijf ^oiur^JiV	sUiniariiN. Tj.X 'lrcjkv jre juobahiv fiiH t'i_*asiMt; ijn.I hnnii^
cred:ts t'er early introduction of cleaner rechnp:o?j" cauid Jead to a n« Iocs to "he envit^ftrneni.
EPA wi11 continue to cnmniunkv.k- inlcrcsSed parties '.'.ith the nope of dc:crmin:n;_* Uie
.!pprnpri.!icr.t"-s of-ir.y inceni^ON ir ih-c future Fio-Acver. EPA i^ r,os fin.ils/.sn^ voluntary
v.nnLirLls .!l ihis tiinc.
62
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6. Kcdtnunic ! mpact
Sumri.-"'¦ rk-sCi\?;i.¦ •: rh; ;c
[•¦¦¦ .i^hl HPA ir. iK	ihe e<.vr.«n;iie rnpj^'±e p^ip-o-e-l rUe. A'.^ie^
knvirorme*v.il. he	¦' riT""'" ,:^,J l:n; f':L" >-1 ,iu«-pior :m7ro\;ivj ^ei.:!
iliHtfr.'nl Ik". "ift- ¦	!oi :i;ip: «'"¦ u,L i.. ¦",;rn| n|	v,s RF'A l>ji-, i:"j.!l" .-sv^.Tvnl <.-* .i
.ikcA ^L'liJim >¦!	p^<.ues ;mj ihe tillIlTCIIL	ol l*,Cj'.\ dnoe^ \ppAir.;
the nisi'' d.: ¦> e.^'ped by Acl :e\ t "'.e:
Millie .in inev -,:.!:n f\pener:L\: in prod:!-in£ :l*.e L\;'-v.-eniiUim; eiK'nit."^
C "i c-nm^s IVr ilit^cl en-circ* to be too low,
Coir.'r.enkTs ir-i.ic ^vcm! i pec'fie sii^umiioi:
I, The i:\]:-cnJ:U;rc^ to deXeiop l'i i : iil-, lh.it comply with the 2C.HJ4 sLindjiiis eoUd Ii.i^e hee,'i
ut of the pro tin im SimiLir'y, EPA uinon;-,! the po'cnh;i]
tor u leumme cjp.i' to reduce 'he cost af compl> inl wi;h; "he ]r'9S M,ir;d,;rds out the >c;irs
lcjd;nc up to the chance to IOO-1 si.iniLinLs especially '.villi respect io poienH.i' reductions, jn
:\:Ci ccns uir.pt ;cn r-ito
2 SueizeMcd .i:.bnsin:enK in ihe lout ens'. per engine r-iiiL'ed inoin lhiee lu si\ limes. HPA's.
cvlitnaic,
"¦i VT'A iL-u'li'pei! .i	cvtiiisuie :o; each elude e j;eeory. One eommenkT thoucht :tc
jujIvms sl;uj!d ir.cJuiio hcsi-cjse jnd worM-cj^e cstmu'es U r a rjriLie oi hkciy eosis
4.	,\ iL-i.iriu:,,ccliier jI'^' requested Li,:; LPA include a sepa:,ite cos-t analyst for yrb-in, hus>,
;.L[hcr tluji iyniprn;: them ir^o ihe Lir^zcr c^eizory p.it" heiivy heavy-iluly \chiclc->.
5.	hl3A projected th.it rncht eneinc» will i>c HGR withou: cxrr.j axikm: of ihc :ceirL-ir..itei!
wherej.i information from ihe induNiTr inJiv.ucv ;h..n enol F.GR wiH be r-.e^ded r'n; entires lu
iijeel ihe 2tXU cnu^ion si.iniLmU.
fj. One nunufjclurer noted ih-U EPA omiiifiJ ihe cmt for ir.crLM^id	oMig.juoas
rcMillini: from r.cw crnis^ifsn-reLlu^tuiii [echrniluL'ies.	scr.ee "Aculii ir^dic^ie ;i r.eed to
incre.iH* .intic!p;j"ctl in'euul cosk Ixr'.vseen -5 jiiJ 10 percent to jccounl tor warranty eo^.s.
7 Comr:iiTiii;n expressed j coneem liut operjunj co^s 'Aould ir.crca^e, either t'ron1. un incre.^c
in fu;.-! L-orAun'ipt;orj or L*oni uierej^cJ t'uel conc^ i^hould fuel reformnKiiion he, ^unsH]e;-L*il
r-eee^ji) toreni'rneN :o mee". emission y;inJ.irJvi AKo, EPA'n .in.iiysiH LSepei:iis on
tie1',el^rment^ such imnroAei ]i:hric.;"int! on lu .^viiil dur.'hiluv rrunleins, hu". svu
I;	k	'ib"-	¦" n|-
nicl'jJe «; ci')%; increment to: ihe uper.iJed m.iicri-sS
S. "J'he C'.'v--' redueiioro .^uibjk1..! to the k.irrnn;.: wece i'l-ii-j!,:;!) v,ihd;ited rs commer.ters
1 here h.r,uever. con.err. :h.u mi.1i le.irrnnv: '.'^'nlJ r.oi eonie '.VLihoul some cs;>-t A
63
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- n a.is I" ¦_!"I:i- c¦«v" i>| i:i'ip"¦'V;ni; tiesier.s _mc ir,.in',;l	_: p; i	H'<- is
Ki?;[>, r-Jlm'!;!!.*. CSC V SC L-.ji:r-.iLti! :o ''He vi'.irs
Analyse .'Response
: r?\\cr.sf	ir. "be |'iu;v.s5:d iuk" ji:d in 'his rln^ rlc s„.m; ,iil.> ...vuunt inc Uut
l:i„: _A|v.-ik:.\",t'!n|- r.uI ye.,; Z:hi:	c• -l!.I h-i\l- Kvr. .i-ctl 1--i lejhiwH.es 1:1.^
"-•¦'Jj 1 t;nci;s-j i;;ij iiivc'l.u criJir.rjs The analysis iills, uir l:u I>i|\' O'lie t'pi'Vil.niL'v
ci-.l nl R'*.il ;">t
•'-rh;*r r.'.ssxier.ts
The	jomplyir-,.: -.villi ihe standards ,s based on ihe iricrenunial chance irmi:
encmes thai i:i_* pmv n us standards for I'.WN ,inJ ir.iKk'1 \zar ^ eludes EPA co;:du..:L"d
Lie	r> id.:;il;l\i7'iy I li% T iTi. k" CI I Li i L~I chances, uqjIu lv needed ui r:ieel tr.c tVi-.-iC
sirinvrcni	I he ir.Cfeir.eiH.^ cn^s ol'ihesir ir.diviilu.il i rn prove men K y. er-e then s.'.;ir:iu\J
£<¦: a h'u! .•k: Sircj- ;h.e ^vsi utVornpiii^nce :o: the ly\>S ^c,i"d.i:d does not feci die o.tst
calculation. an) saw:iL's irmi: a 'c.irrurui curve between ly^ij .inJ. ICO.1- would nm affect ihc c \pcs'.i|.i!ive ijni'iLiriy, LPA chose in j'mieei a decrease in the deployment
is: c.lLiKsK ilur^nur jwt.HS of siaKe N^nd^rds. c-en t.h^u^h in.:rvjt".«ciurcrs alfe.T.pt f-o do so hv
rljr11:i.-r Jewell >pi:u; iIk e:Uvtiwr.cs of irves Lir.de: emi^on controls.
2.	i-PA'v com .in-iiy^is .Icp-eruK on a tvtloiTMip cost jrulwv T3ie exported icchnok-jjcjl
cJuries '.U'i£ iucr-.":l"icd ;in:' "l:cn ;nM"slit:;^cd to ddcrmir.c the co^t c<>rii|-Ii.m- c Co-Ms tor
ir.dtviiij.:! rcjlii'.nlo-u's v-cic i'cscl'ipcd by rnukinc u dcl^iLcd assc^sr.idi:: nl'tl-.c nviuir^d
lujd'A.iic, EsiK:;} ti:iiL-, rC.iHiknL', c 1l". These eormi^nUTs p:ovidcd ullLy	es:mi.itcs iM"
coniph.Lnce cos{% utiur ih.ir. s^-tunlv- cr;u.|Lfs of EPA'-s ,ir..ilysLs. EPA is i;oi .ih-lc to assess Tm-
^iihdiis of Ihc very ^r^jd esiuhjics ol ci nunk,ir.ee cns!s fnnu nMniif.^'turcr*. [ji.ui !n icpc^:
K"k prcvio.is ,.n. i;>s|s -aiiii r,n cmpji.is;s i.'ni tlie dcijil^d consiEUttnvi ^;"tlir>sc csfm;i!cs.
3.	ilPA's jn.iKsis |\-.r mA:e prup-iw.il ,i;V nowlcdccd lh.it ^ >j n ^ le cost quo:-j f\:r
¦^•]i:c!l's o.-cs :is-i .:dei;'j.-['.*ls refkv; la I Mi? -.mccr^tinty i'-i hi lure dcvelopiv.ciiEs, ihi ^i\iiv
.::iproa:hCs U:at '.nil be b) dirfere-il ir.anLsi'.Sklurer's i k ' the llcMPiJi'y pro*, ided !'¦> li'ie
.iveraLJin^:,'?diking and tradMii; p:o-.-raiii TIil- cm^ aniiKs^ :n tlic R1A slalc-. inc outset ih.at
Ihcsc LiCt^rs will lead to mujuple teclir-.uloL.:\ soluimr.s ^r^s-, ihc iniius'ry. snuv rr ail of "aIucI:
¦aill fx* dilTcrcr.l than '.u1 project m ihc aiiaKsLs. Ne^e;!heless, E:PA experts c11.j: flic projeciec
fsfj^iMU's "airh represents the r. ncc ui likely lcchn^Io^\ sjeiianos.
1-pA's .-espuus-.l'sku ;rt tlie inipa.i ,in.il\M^ i1- to JenvnMr.-tc the teasibility e: niectir,.:.' '.he
i!l*',v siaiid-ir^s .:r.d es:iii-.ale the (.n^ n|'cnrr-pl\.„n:c. Toward th.il end. EI'A's .ipp,ri-'.,ch. of
sinipIiJvuU' li.e assess:ii;."iii m Uvas (in .i s^ri^le ens; tor '.jnilVrm p.K'k.ux* ot leclir^loeies U:r
Ca^ll Category i»[ v.^jhcIes ES ,:;ij'i!0!iale. To er.vjif tKal "he om l-s'IiiimIl; is nol loo .!ep-;*";Ji*"l! nn
i 4
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sp;*al1e pr • CvI'l'ii".	:ru l[ip\L -i.!diU"n,j	u> ic%[ :l',e	ifv ill.-
.tri.lX
- f-i I!u rr^p-^cu rule, h.P \	I,ill j^L's<.i:vjr.: o|\"n-^ t•¦>;;iri~.jn h.i-e^. :~'Ji did i:k
l-'J hk'-'-l' ji'-'"1-	-i '-cp.j.;rc .iIjIjiX'. lv-m-e 11lv"ivtT.cI PA n rv." r,i^t ti-^d u
s:;rj!e l»^c-w1Icc1j\c[K'-.s eMiiyi..:,: ;>> elui ^eten/e th^ Minle i„ir,..:e nf I;-uMt.v-iIimv i.t :ir-t*s Vhe
el!.iimIn^'-s i".':|rr*iK'd :i>; !*k ¦pivp"".^ rule c,iii ir.eluJ;: .::l c\r.u lt^d ,<( [ -cjiMnn
by F.L".\\opir.j: M'par.ik' v'v-:-LM:Lvn\kT.i>s v*^ihmil^ :nr licht. niediisn:. ji:d hsavs
tiieset engines
In :c«P".iHl< :o K'u*. Ji'iilir^js::. hE'A has L^cJ. ;ii:i u'uurira d-jvelr.-'.jii iur prvM;-!^ nrluri H;is
u> in,ike j:i emulate n| the co^t elleeir-en.:^ ut [iv: ii-ju -^_:v,LuK in: urn.::; Viim--,
In order w.o estinij:e the o^-c:Mc,:".:w:;c,>s. it ^ -ejc^iry \o determine the NO\ jni NMiEC
emi^or. rcd.u'lLcnv .iimbm.-.bje ;o ihc new ^ ¦.•.i.ixK, Fit ihi-^ iin;il\Ms. E3'A ^sunud utli.ii:
engines -aojIiI cir.J .11 the ¦nirr.c rir.issinn Levc.-* ;in ^'nhp-hr? us for o-ihcr nc,r.y-Jjty die-^i
en^irev rPA u^ed cn*iv.^rMun f.icrrr*- lie \ e U ¦ ped ^pecif:ejl3y fn: urb.iri b,isc» f°rc^nvcninz
I'r.^ni ^..•"hhp-k: Ic\d% E-.> iv'mt le^-jh."' E"Vr NO\. chu: Lith^r, ]j\c.il urb.n bus us*d in liiK jn-tly\
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l
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4 1. .CH'Ml
13
25,000
h
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14
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U
25,C»:"hj |
] 1
1x1X10
1
1
Tahie 3 jar.t.iin^ ;l;e p n ij^-uicsL emission nrductii.ins due lu ihc new engine ¦vjJiJjid. die
e% United co-,- nt ci/ii!"sI\hil' v, nh ihe r.c'A ^r.ir-d.ird i including! li mcrc^cd engine and
operating % „n:d me re-l;.nnl: dKjuurued, LifcMrnc woM-cffccSi"versos for urkm under
the ^.inic L\vo ^en-iru"^ preser^d m iHie RIA. CVmpurciJ ii.i ihe cuM-eMccli\enev^ o; the new
XOs plus NMIIC su:id.i;d !V>r Iilmnv bc-i^ w[uiy Lii^el engines, tli- tro*' sirmhir cneine
ejleeory. :hc projected c^i-c^L'CtixuutSs for urhjn hvisev vhuws .i sli^lnjv lower civ>i per ion ol
erm^or. rccjetion.
b(i
-------
r.-ic
C"-1-'•liltCs.'tlvcr.fss t'-if I il\in liases i¦ I Ihj MX [-mi*. NMHC Slanl.irc;
Model
Year
Grewping
¦Ilihifc !¦ I'I'I, 			 		
Tm|.j|
STY
per
\ ehule
• 	i!ij/:':M:ixawsBawri.ll^ri...u
Discoirted
l.itenme Redaction
111 n s 1
D: <1 i-.aiieJ Per Vciucle 1
t 1 iHt-; 1 [c >. 11'- cn.j ~>\ I
1 $?rnn t
NDx
NN'HC
N jt :-a ii'a id^"
S C^_ .it i1.?
Re:ion..i
Str.itL'i"',
Sceri^r!.'
2fn 14-iiS

3,768
0,02S
s, 11 KJ
s:rx>
2006-03
51 s
SUM
>lt:0
:rnK»+
*270
1 $100
SI 00 j
30 Year
TU-ct
_
Ktm-mi
_
SL(':n"i
S !<.¦{ 1
5. in de\eU;pnK: ik ilr.ifi =*epuri, Acurex estimated the cost of usins: a coal tCiR sw.em.
3'ho siem as presented mcliideiS ,i r.ew heat exchanger [<> cwl the recirculated exh;iusi eam.%.
At the liiric ot the proposal. E:P.\ expeeied thai 31e.inleI.ilil: rur*-. v, unM nuke an exlr,s effort to
j,void idoptir.c such a complex ^v-aem and viculd. Jpcik 10 other simpler iirchnKosical approaches
to nice; the new emission st^rtd lards.
Since completion of the draft ar.aly.-es. it h;LH become clear tiuE a .simpler lorni nt cuol liGR
lins enured $tvcifu\Lly. manufacturers are pur.suinc an EGR system th.st the c-xisIjii-
juckei w;i*s?r coo'.ct m cool the rccir*- cepon En include this iLvhrm]iH;v
scenario J HPA his incorporated these rvamlvis mto ihe aiuhsis vi»itli a projection th.it .ill
heavy.dur. vehicles will use cool EGR.
ti. EPA agrees that manufacturer* >s d ] face increased co>ts 10: u,ir:aruy of new p^ns
resulting from the new emission standards. Except for EGR, however, all ihe expected
technology developments depend or. developmental chimpes to exiMine iurd'.v.ije and vnbo,.:d
¦,ofr\v;.:e Wh-le i: not cle.ir that inc--e s:h.-.nees i]I necessarily be comp'eie/y free from
iricrc.iscd ¦Ar.r.v.'V.y cLnr.v j( i>, difficml to iiKtify or i:a.'.~ilih an expert.:tinn tli.it a ch.-ni:-.- ir. the
frr.juencs ipf ci.arils %% ,II result. p.GR is the one lechno'^Y tha! v*ill cle,:ih require
ni.inntrj-.CLiicrs i,i deselop and ni„.:iii'a'-.Uire r:eA parts, I n idl^'ct ihc :nCrejsed expense 1 s11
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¦a jimiiIi^v E-]3A '.ViJ .l! sisl :I'L-	[•,: .,dJ 1^ percent in ir-.c r;i;.:-.iif.:cl.nc: s in irkeJ *;p
V.IIJiisblc CCKt.
E'F'AS ..-:j'ws	ini i~crc---v lie Invl hc^jusL- ;hc rjl-jiiMkm: ri\]i::rcx <.\*
ch.jji^L". in	iul'K 11 :hu Ajl-ii.v	.1 sL.'i^;:;.;er.: Ccici mir;,!li< il:.i! I.jl'1	j,rc
aprr.'-pn.^L', ..:s	ni *•.:•. u;c kms..* ir I'.id aish l:.u* kid roiVrnu! jhr-t: w ill K- i-.iT.i-:,u'ccd -r.
lhat iirac,
JinU.ii^N	^ ri!L"C!L ru'A ein^sion skinUJTCN HU} indeed I,.!1.-,' nit;-iv.T furl
l!..ir. currcn: ciil;i:!'J^ ETj'-uiric.-slly. Il.^e'.er. 1:1 ,:r.jL'lJii:^ ri.ue v.onM^-.-Tilh
redded i-j-jl OMwmip:iun wt\\c ur.pio* nu: c;*r"rn] i-i"cnn^^>-E3*A .ickr.nv.lu.k-.c'* i!il-
kh.ill*-"1^* f-icnj iyi,>'7j:,,a,iier- 1 r,"i.s - ._,iu: lim^rvur, t:Fr.jiic\l--, ih.ii ¦ he ¦,!¦.cr"ahc!jt.;ii-j
den:,in.t f>'r sioidv or iniprmni: fuel ec-TH'-iiiY uili p:oin;n 1n.1nLil.1_hirers in hv.is n-,po:np K^D
i'ii rL'iIi.ciny or l-ivuimu;.: any 70lcrN.1l nec.il wc effect :hjl liGR or ^iIilt li^hnoV;.:^
Tiu« h.r.e en tuel coii^uir.p":on. An HCiR L^ik, to: uviniplc.. ^re^ilA reduce^. ihe fies-tare on
mcre-i^od fuel consumption from rceircuLmr.i: she exhjust	Tli? .umUmn therefore shil>
;I:l* jus; oe :nc.%MNC^ fuel c^r.M.ir.pUon to rehiinely l;i;_cc KaiD ex:\:r:duurs:>. A '--nMir.'ily
.m.il\^;]uFJ!c% U!r nil ch.jngt: frcijurn-."iCM h\ ]U pcK'cnl
HPA's rcjM'nin.j. Mnr.lur 1.0 th.U for fuel ccnnonrs, w as 1h.1t ,:[j KiD in^Mir.erit i-i ]xt
cn£ 1 r.c uonld ,jI!u>a :"nr u very expensive effort t-> ;lnd .i Mmplcr. ie^-i expertise s>\-uinvi. F:r-r U'.i.-
r"i:i.i3 mk', ihc jn.ily^ii will ir-i-^rpurM^c '.he virue R«S;D exnendiUire ar.d v\.iil jdd 2 percctu to liie
n| Jul^i iCa'ang Oil ici ^cocur;" "nr inipinvt-d \\ eiir-Tc^^Mnl |nrmn|jlion>
S. CPA cshmatcd a 20 pcrcer/ rcduchor, m v^jjMc josK w:ih ejeh doubling of prodncuun.
v..¦>111 mc Thi^ e^tinuic *a;i\ dcn%ed iVom eeosiuiiiu K'se^eh iVam ^eNucjl diticicni
rn-irnjf.ii.'r.innLi ^ev."UT> Tho^-c conducting ^he re:sejieh presented ihc Lejimri^	a nei co^t
ir.-:^. uk-.n^: into .iccouni ail the fked ,ir.d v.irublc eo>ts incurred so numifiiaure (he ps^xjuct.
Sn-iCt: 111 *_* Iearnirsc time jlre.uiy TcpR^i"nK a r,ci co< ^nvin^s, i' "Aoulii ?c inupproprute to
U^^ulr,^: jii j jditioti.il cost ibr lu'.plcmen'inL: liie uh'in^cs ih.it k.:tJ la more cffk'xni pr*,Kli:cHon.
7. EPA'-v Air Quality Ju.s(ificjilioii for lie Propoicd Program •
[n ill;" NF'RM. EF'A expressed ifs belief ihjl itnpra^eir.enK ir, ,iir vju.ihly sn m.in> purls of the
0.1 nr.En v, i:l j-.t";:iiu" in Kl" n^cess-iry m the future. SrcvijV^IK, 1 lie Agency prfscr'ed ine rc--u,h-
ill .iruiL_v>d^ niiliojiir.^ lh.^t 1 lie ecii^^ums at NCM, VOC. -ir,d PNt *'.ir. =h.* cxpcv'ed la increase
LlSiOut lL.:'l;c:r cor^mk .mil sh.il .iit ;[i^iLitv jm l:ie l.j->c nf ln^tli o/or.e unil pjrlit:iil.ile ni.i'.lcri is
fi.S
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1:1.-1% •ht. .1	Ir pn'?' -,inL' ne'.v M.inu.irds Ut 'irirr.^r- HDIX ihe Ajj-c-, H r
:i.L"-L' j-rii|ivlif-is ir'i	:hil is -ii.L mvA'J Willi rL"^iii,ilnrs .kTim'} . > -¦¦.'II „|S -s'•¦',.¦
n-iime.T.cr-t	:l\s ^nsvlu^r.	Miii?:l:ci (hi* u%.ni. h|c i-il--"i:iu:u!ri
in t.-.cl iuv.i¦ 11^^ c--rk-ni g rev. M.in.'jr.s iW hi:::v.*..i\ HDh1.. Q:heis .i; j-u.-ti she ""p^ise • clui
immediate .icnnn ;s ir-JecJ uiMi::ei: >¦ m Mil* Imm- m| .iv.rl.jHe m^dclin.* ir.Uni-i_:ti«*»n ,-V
.!¦ nck^m'.I r-.'ij I "v "a "jim-_"-i ¦:i ihe \NPRM .ii'ij ;he NPK M h-i^e helped li' sh.irpen ih..*
I¦:!.i.ire. ki: rl::'v ):.iv.* n. ! •.;i. r,: F;P\\ n..-,.; ciTKlu^'iii*.	Mil* ii-j*o,.| lu; r.e'A HDli
| | iHt'i f's-l &
"l l J J iiXfail Ut'f ,,
.1, (JujJtU of Mor!i'lin-i i>f FxiikMon Im entorfisand Air Qu.ilit\
CVnmenK
Son;-.' ¦nnnTiiuTx. meluilir. -«e American Pelroleum Institute, [lie N".tiion;tI Pdmlejm
Ketif.ers A	:I;c	j Jisliw ;iy In•>I iIMIc. 7^ Produces. DlMuhE Diesel Corporation.
,ir.d GcncrJ	iiriurd tii;:'. '.."jrriMiih .iv„ilaMe cmr-puicr mode lino is r.oc ui *.uJlli-'icni
qii.ihiy ui Jr.iw e', preyed support lor 3-1 PA\ ,ur t^u;s!i*%
c 0;'iC I u":, • r-i v
Anal vsls/Rcsponsc
fn rcspor.dhc to ccnimcr.^ jN>u; HEW* modeling jinl the policj, i!c1tmjtin.q ihc ainn^phetjo In-uLni'. of
^lonc fiiL'wiirMMs currcnlly ;m.l pr:tr:nce
^st v.ir:ou> eriKHMiin Nr-urCc^, Tl:c seu?r.d	^:ep is in input speedily prepared inventories
ir,:o a eoniplox g;iii-ba^ed jtr qi:.i[i[_v uxkIuI uhicK sinuii.itc^ ?hc pholochcmislrv of o^onc
tornijuoa over a geo^saphie .ue.i "or ihe ^.nnc fuiur«." ve.irs- NUnlvlers h.ivc cr.;du;i.Jlv improved
iho qj.ihiy ot both ot ihese o1 jiLOnleling i:i,.ny vejrs, .insl imprnvw'mcnK gonunne.
The foilowir.g iij a sun^Tury of iho "sijic i^l ihe jit" for eiriis-sum imeiicory .mil -lir ..[luIhv
modcline,
ity.YMfWt v
hi ihe i.\.ise ut [li-j n^'ilehiK: u: einissmri^ iriVer^n; itfs p .jv;i,:..hk- d./..s .ir.d
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¦Aul.'i;. .v-.vpvd .,^-!.irp:>.ns ,ih. l", n|.;|i^r.ir".. Jiu.i. jii.1 iT'iniic \ujue cr.llsM'Nis I :ii ¦ '.It
r.:lL"«. FF'A ¦ '^l-ur j11:1l*!"in>: ir^fltulnv.s, pivianenlly :ho*e coM..Vt„;;,:il' ::i l';c wi-rk i'l
mi-.'	Trjnsp.'ii A-^Mrcnl tir^Lji ,UL AOi. Live maiie .m,l cor'inuc ",o m.Ae hick i::-nra;
.mpiosem:*-.*" :n [he qikih.!\ n|\l.,-,j ir.pi.iK anJ modcline .i^.jmpl^r.s iWne	h.jl: nf in.-
T'S
Seu\Ml birth-*: iTp;ov,Mr.eni<. u; ih- n-«.!•.¦!• n\? nfciiv^si.-.n inventories ;hl- j-I.mr.cJ hv ["PA
.m.L-Vr OT\G < J:i;* -el o: eh„ne.> mvib.es hi1 As plar.i :¦'¦ impruve iK mobile ^jia' i.-1i\i>-1¦ ¦ n
:i:ih!j.i:.lt •.apab:L;\ .11	'A.iAs	3ac:v eu'.eucs iiil.u in bmh MOBIL.E5 ana PARIS, HPA is ennfnfen!
Lh;!,' inc "js-c ot the.se mode's in pioeeiiim mobile mv.jkc emissions in ccneral. and Inches .iy
hc.tvy-Jiity \elude emissions *n particular, js su;]iCie:ii3\ ..Lvur,.!e lor iM,iv\ me i-eneial at uu.uics
pu 1E C V € OR £ 1 S3 S i 11 n .S.
fcPA	Lis plan- un;!er^.jy which w ill refill in several impcovemenls. in [he
mc-Jchng o: heav -di;v engine	Eir.pr-. -1.cmcnls EPA U considering include
rc,issc\\;nc ".he J actors that civ.ve:".	per brake li'i^sc power c 1 h.c units ot vvotj; used 'or
eneme 1 e1^nlt.< to er^nis per :rule \leLr.mg emissions iu \ elude mllrs inr.'clcdi and 3ncorpc«:^.c 1 l-
..m> ne'.^cr-.l.ila iha? i- avaih/rilc r^iauns: to m i^sc cjii^^ions t"m:ii hiL;.hwj\ HDEs Several,
^imir.er.ters sl.ilcJ Eh.i! Ehc N20BILE5 model nijy J11 dcrc^umate jCCUjI hichway HDF3 cmi^'.^r.s
The^e jumr;ienkTs !\:hcvc th;i; Uic- entire emission testing on which H1>H miHlehny ^s h.^eJ
lillltf 1i:i;hA jy-iyne iiperalmn i w, h:ch C.m j:cncr,Ue ili chef NO.X Icvclsi arid ituy nii^ llie
eticcls or e!LM;ru;iiL' s-jrns^r^ ;ri <.n:ne newer engines ihat ch.ir.ize cniin; parameters dariiiL; ^nnie
Ijiuh.'^ a) oj'-etariii;i. I l;ese i^siie will aKn 1-c .uMre^'-e^l as a part of ihc development
sn'ifr^vemenis :n Uie MOBILE- ir..,Klel, ll'.u A^en^v ,l%.o pl.jns 10 make iniprovements 10 lJAKI 5
and js Jc'.elopi.i^ jn improve J modeJ :n: norj^^d enem^
Tiies.e emisKjun fav?i.ir n;ovkJ Improvement and ejipar^Jor.N wiU enhaiue the al^hiy or i\PA,
Mates, and otliei«i in -Lvjr./cl\ e^"i.ir,aie mobile ^ourcc emissions tor v.irious scenarios ol tutyie
emission eo:*.;rols. Although ilia u^er-ll e^few! o|" :hoc ii^iJellni: improvements r;Ot possible 10
anticipate with accuracy, HP A bejievei ihai it i% li^elv ihat ihesf i;nprovcn:enl>. lakcn tocether,
¦a;I3 tend to inc.rea.se the Agency's esiini_:es ot the conicibi-inin n|" liLclivs,s%' HDEs to overall
emissions as compared to current eslimatev hi .:jiv ever.". 31 is sers unliKelv that charccs in
emissions. es:;mj.tes that result tn?;n these uiCienienial i[iip:utemenh would b-e Jarcc .is 5>i
attect 1 he cer.eral conc]u^:oas. of the Aperies the need lor NC)\ cunstul.
OTAG Kis ;tUn jniij.iicJ ch:.n.i;es ir. ir.verilon.' modehnii tha: ,irc becominj: troaJ!;. ..cccptcd.
These ii:ipro^iTi-.er:;s in-. hnlc1 rhc choice of which emission conir»>l procram^ ."ije assjmcJ J,o be in
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i'11._c !:i	u'.:r^ in ;nndel!;iL' pv^cc'n'ir» Smi'i.1 w\!iniv.cr:'^:s r.:r-jd ^jlu^lre;^ .ibo-.; M:.-
jssjr.ipcu'iis <«l luliirc pr-\i:r.in:\ FP.A :n..dc m *kc ANPKM ..nd NPR.\' Hi^i> >mt|;PA
«i:het^ ha^e tcr.ded i*' lake ine appma.. h ui .iiLdrpnMtir-.i: ,-rl,« t!V'*-e pnijr„n> isi: has.? ..cH:.'. I\
-vcr	a: the Mr,; •.ir liu	Jncrcjsi-s^Iti . n h.is rccn po^ihls: :u c%al,j..fc
scenarios '.vr.ich	[-p\:,\::uv rh,,: .ac cu:rer.;lv an.iL-r ..vn^-.hrr.-N'in ,inJ .-.re l,!:kch
in H.,- .:i:np\\:. . .iVu-i'-i I's.'y .ire UK s„: i;l pi. ce Gl'ACJ ^:.d EPA base Knz-.in '*'• :ul>-.\ ilu-*
jrr.'.'.i.ri >r	:i'• ¦>.!_~ii'il' v.lt.ii ..i1-.l:nv r.t'v\ pc^pccnv^N "n fio;c,;:..Tis «">l" I'm-ire
cullv.-*;or.N a* \ai.> l-> iUi\i> ieavMiah!v Lkek u^un.' p;u^rur.i> are t;-i:,c-.l
Ta ;:hout projected cmi-^Mon irsv^ninnci, cuir-nu-nicr^ ;i|**o
ch.iJlen ccsJ the litJ:=111 % of .!,ir cu.iliiv rrn^cUnc c:lcd sn the AN5fRM and NPRNI ,iv r.trE nf she
w	Mr	a	-r	Sw.f	" 	 $
Ajicm-y's -isiulc.iUon f%:r proposinc new HDE Mjndardv EPA cited sever,:] separjic siu,l:e<.
invoK:ik; runs nf ilu- RcKiun.il Om-hrv, Model iROM) ir^ different ports of the c^Lriiry, nrjvriir^:
ihu^e >,iu.hc>.' L'n:T.lu'n»'ns :h,.ii l.iriii re^inn.ii-s^jlc X0\ rcdisclior^ would be necessary for .ircas
1:1 1:1c Xorcl^L-Mst, Sivjilieati, I.;ikc NiiL'h.:LMn ;^e;i, ;in;l C.ilifurni;* to -it'.iin ihc ozone air quality
sUinilard.
Several comn'.enters pointed oul th^: a newer m qj.iii':;-, tjioiiel. t-AM-V, i-,;n-_:L-,jir-.^:I\
uied/" and ±e\ questioned the vjJ;di;y of drawinc eoiielu.MOi"is Kascd on the ua;l:.t;r nuxk-hnL'.
However, recent projections pcriormed by the 'modeling centers" involved vuih OTACi using ilie
I'AM- V model have conJjrmed tlie eer-eral p^tems in. ozone forniation arid ihe potential tor
ozor.e rcduclLen projected by the earlier ROM studies. While it-: newer modelmi: p;ov;des u.
mere itet.ulcJ view uf [he tch.ivinr ;<¦: i.vone ,ind :!L- precursors in loc.il area, EPA beheves that
boih iri>.\!i,';s provide a clc-ir picture nf o.'onc ;is ,l reei'Tal pnihlem vshich can be expected lo
resfi'-riJ tn rc^s.^n.L-sralc NCK i.;<;ri;riiN. '"As di-scriK-d	U'-c recent t'AN!-V nindfiin^ Ims
"'The L AM-V mcJd >.i-es >n:.iNer r.nd svfs ili.m RON' .in.I allnus more; '.i\nf'J'.c
atfflCttpliL-u" In K* tfv.ilualCi!.. so :l be tier rcsplulimi mi prciJiLlini; Iivasi/cd p!'.cmiiui;iia.
i
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.iK>' lv>-isjnicJ kP,-V-' i.ai-.-i.: ihe decree in ¦.Uiich li:r,!e.l areas undo: n'Mi'i-
OMidiliii'in r;' !\ experience i nereis.:!.] v..m;C IeeI¦¦ !",ef, ,S.e;al, 1:1:: i i ^ n: t* r ^. i r 11 l" •. 11 h,,: EPA hjd no:: u 11 v icc.-^ii/cl: thai NO\ redu^-on*-
c.ll^c: mcie^e*. in	ar.d u-,c% cunciuded :hai the penposed „cnon m reduce NO\
v.* as ir.erc:o:c L,:VAi--e jMeiuaiu.-e. An,'ih-,*> commenler VenUra Co—m, California expressed
.in upp^s;n;j \ ie'a . Jr. iheir cnniniciiK d:e Ve;-iii::a Omir.is Air Pojuiirm Oairul Di<.i:ic: M.iied,
If !,v.ainns ...v :.lenl ificd where NO\ Itducuuns v\ ay Id lix^cctuli: llu: u^onc pi»«blcn;.
coinpens,.luiinni <.niijd e.isjiv. he laken l.o optimize: NO\ levels m ihusc .irms '
An a lysis/Response
In ihe ANPRM .tr.J NPRM. EPA J^cu^-ed the uell kna'An plienomer.on that reducing NO.v
einjssinns m .) local area may ir. eerlam circumstances result 1:1 increase in ozone in Jinnled
parts i-*: the .iiL'j. In 'lie proposal. FPA "-rated iis hckel ih.it :Kjs phenomenon mils! he considered
m the ci¦ i'iIexc ot :he h:u„d r;^ci.S tor n/nnf redaction in non^lairjrr.ent	The .Vcericy also
slated ih hckel that the iar^e e.xpee^ed benefits of NQx vtmrrot o\cr broad areas 'Ajitmi .inJ
downwind ot many no;ia'.r.Li:imeri[ a;e.is slio-uld he pursued even iMhcse NOx rcdcct;ori.< have .1
neutral or neeu'.ivc cflcc; m localized pernors of a tinned number n[ nonatiamment arc,i>.
Yenuir.j Cu.jnty's comments specifically reinforced this vjiw.
Alter u->nsii!erah,*r; uf .ill ounrrenls receded on ihls subject, EPA relieve-, Uiat iir-lliini.: in
these com mem s. w .11 r jmc-s .1 different coarse of aciion h> ilic Acer.cv. Rather, the stall's
interpretaiii'ii uf _ir 11 \ nn^ielir.^ vtork lif-nm since 1 lie an;ihs;> presented in the NPK.M is tli.;".
the Aizcjijv'n ju%'iiicacioii In; |H:;s*ainc; ihe [inipiisfil prov:rar:i truwrj sfror^eer- Spccific^Ilv,
the |oir,' mc«de:ir^ done fry O'E'ACi in ihc pasi yi^i .i_*aui ilcinnnsir.ncs jhe vcrv iinnlcd
Mcn;fic..n;e Jjflhe NOs disb-cnelit" phenonienon. OT/S.(3 l:AM-\r ir.ndejr^. like earlier ROM
nmucJinc, h.is confirmed th.^ NOx reductions can Jesuit 111 locJized ^:cjS of :e ilun 5 porcen: ol'ihe time «:iVr the S.ake Niiciny^in
lire a such occurrences occurred 7 pctcerr. ot uie tnuei. Fur i:n»si areas, o/nne .•nciease^ iKcarred
one percent or Ic* of the time. En all are.^, u^une decrtj^cs tveuued much uto.-e t'rei-jer.uy ihan
ozone irA're.^es. A--- -•ome ccmmeniers o-h>erved. the ,i:e.is increased ozone are onen m
rvpul.i'cd .ire-i^. ar.H EPA .'.:rees in.^ mis is cause tor concern AdJ;ltonal local V'OC cor/.nMs
: 11.iy be necked f
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p>'.""i1 t,*- iT c.irrt-nr ¦.'-/ore roM-'kMnivn-T:" atea js jI as;s!i.1 nr"i: ai.Ms i:pw md '¦ : r.l:.--L' i!i.*
ni'-.uLnnnur.; aivav
Ar.i>:'r,cr unpor[..;'il :cm:Ii >'i [he ;oce;" allJ "-'no'in J O I'AG madding is tImi "he phera'ircr.i¦:!
• ¦I' NO\ rod.!', 'inns iiiwfejsinc »v*TC k'\eK jppc.irs l«i -wi.: pr.icijuls • J.iv* ami ir. arc,:- ^hcfc
ii/rm.- If, Hs are Inv, Tins snv.-.s thai in man> uivs, even if vjch jr. ii'.cilMss ii: u/nn-»- o.vurs
'¦a;.en IucjI	.e^eis aie icd l; c, iV'Ti1 !c\l,K :i:.iv mm; exceed lh* NAAOS In aJd:li.1", i:.i,;r,v
aieas s|;i.i^ii:i.::ejseJ o/.orie <¦ il Mni'.e sia^s ..Ko s!.uw iIlvtlmm-.L 'VTiv.* '•in other Ja'-^ m i:,o
modeled eri^od,:. Again,. ,:ny ire n:,:>c in 11e i^ e.j;jse l'<;r Ci. r:L-e:n, hu: cle,*rh m.M cnorts ?r.
;-.tc«md EPA to address ozone problems and shoukl he iSirireteii at Miniums ivor.f ;n
excess uf the NAAQS occars frequently.
Tliff Av'sruy has o "Tic 1 thai :h:r overal! o/ore ber,cf;1 of large regior.jl reduction*; :u
NO\. iike :l:ovC that would I'jcaf wnh the HDI: siar.uacds tinaa/^d uuLv. warrant sucn controls
c.cn v, ne:e localized < ¦/r-r.c increase ¦- may occur."'
c* Trends in Ozone Levels
f "onmieni^
One commenter prc^cn'cJ .analysis of ozone monitors concluding th^c the numbei of
nii'Kin.il ozone evceedances has Keen s]c:u3ily decreasing out Urne (when adjured :or jrnbj-ent
ier;i]x*r.iMircsf t.Sunoira Tcchruilndes. 3n^. under contract with the American Petroleum Institute
: AP1)i API ^ured that this d.L[.a u'scs u-ae^tinns abou" ths neo* lor new NO\ control programs
in order lor jic.is :n reach ^tUimner.'.
AnaK^s'lResponso
EPA draws j dsfferent conclusion from the Sonoma data tlidc-os API. 1:PA	¦.I-.jl
Llic d-;crcj.-.cs m n.'Jirihc:^ 2nd tevc',-, o: ozone cxccedance ^re r.ol surprising .ind cjii be jssuiiVJid
to be the result of ihc success of pjsl NOx und VOC control p;ogrjmN. Since, desenhed
jbove. :he Agency conclude^ lh,it NOx levels w^l! continue dov%nwjrd tor >evcr,;i ¦.ear-, but then
level off ,i,nd bcjim to rise, the welcome xlownw.ud trend in p,uone Cr.mno! be e\pcc;ed lo '.."onlince
ujihoi^ r.c'A emiv-sor. rcduclton^ The I'-ita from SoTiom.i dni-s noi confnidici this oTii'lu^on
In. Liencrjl, ba.scd on coniiderjtin:'! ui^nriiL-nls	t^ nip-Lfclirii.*, NO* di^hciiet"f>, jii-1
uertds, I:PA tu .ire.is of tlu: co.intry
" ' HPA O'r^erv^tioiis:c0111 Kccent Air Quality Modelinc," MemoMndjm from
Neurit l'iissicl tri Tad Wvxor. August, I.
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^"'".".inuL' I. - s:ri!jir L.iJr;. sSoe piL\inih:tf \vr lin-s Iir.jl jn• c. Scan>;i " A • h?.\ .s
flu-rcl'TC ;:i..kirj c'n.ir.x*^ t>i :>	j-'Mjr.iir, hi i!u* tiir.eijKc Ut Us ;nir,L*;r~L,:!i 11¦ (
X. Tol Procedures
a. l Ahiiust Ti-nJ
S' 'l';r.ii'Pfy. ¦ir-',nM ..j :K' I^:jur;
3 he p:uj\^eJ M.ir.d.::d<. are Ivi^Ui! ^¦ ri tin." Ek\r.y-Du'> Fcdc;ji Tc^i Pcc'cirdui-j i J3D-I"! P'
'.vli'ch. is j tfjrs":cr/. J.n^niu.T.ciL'r 'l*sS p:\VL\lure dc1.cUip;\l in llic l^~i'Kr
Several SOP mlt-.-i^unir-cnrcd ih-H cnnlinujly ot ihc cc>t procedure^ is. impv-ri-nv, fur
.heir suprvri oj r.ho sLmd.ud-v	pih^reuirincnUTS expressed concern clui th^ :csi
procedure not rcpre>en.:..uve ut roa:-uotM OjVsjuori ^iili sume tommcnK ih it che HD*i-TP is,
>*ing	Thm"!n:e, -| u.is su^iestci cKjL EPA c.filiate [h£ EID-FTP uinicr ihc i^chrAUoizy
JCVIC-.V ,;nd ticM-'Iop j <.Lipplerncn:.i| lest, if nrcc^viry^ chjl would cover fe.il v>Orld 4 •per.;': ion th;it
is r.ol covered h;> ihc [ID-FTP Coir.nisrniers ;iKo	ih.it j vjpplcrnrntjl chassis ki>cd
^Jion lest should i iK.ii "here N concern 'Ai'h ?hc rcpFC«ciuafivcr.c of clio FJD-r I'P with
rt-sj-cci in k.\i[-\utM opcr-uinn "F\* .id.lress ihK .inJ- oiher cor.cc:ns j:id gu^r-intee m-jsc
rirduciior.K, F-.PA h.is Kji-jn jn in-L^e misuse in .^sess 1 he eftccli*ene^> ut Lie eauurit
ceaiJiCaiion jjiJ ciih>. ¦ne;,; pA'^rjiOs ';Sr_'L: piu.jiiihle scci^in, [V EPA did not propose anv
ch^nccN in il> iesi procedure and does no; yei ri^ve sulficiunt irslurriKtiuin in revise ihc scst
procedure Therefore. EPA v.ill r.ol .iddress the ic.sl procedure m ;h:s ti;ui mk. FU^ever, P.PA
•Ai\[ eoni irv.„v ~cvic'.v Lie effectiveness of"he current cerufic^lion tes-t. mckjJ.i'il: m.huili'.: it
.^qii.iiwly .uldies^-c-s .ill cycles of driving bch;ivio: EPA is commiueJ to re*, ec^ mg
unrnrr.int cpmpxinsni of she hiMvy-iJiiiy pru^Mm -mJ. :eMsinc lhc prozr-im if scch chjnics ^.re
FSCCCA.S.ill'V.
14
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b. .MiMSurerm ri.t of NMHC fur Uk-suK
Stiriiln. Ti'-cr r11n ¦ ¦! 'K-Js-oi/
A r:n*:r.¦ >•.! :o; irsc ri:.c,.--u;u:i:-.-ni n: NMI |C :o: Jies-el c\hjiM run pi.>:-uvj.i ("urrer.;
-.*:r.i"»sii in sLiitit-ird-. dn :i,'t fcMjn::t* tliL" uu'.iv.ii invent of NMf [C h„\i\-d.i'O diL'sul
Cornmems
Some commcnter* made r.oie (ha! there were no proposed lest procedujes, specifically for
svl".murine NMHC t'roin Jic^d
sis'Resf,t'.vc
Re;nnnin.: in 21* *.hi: Foder.i! .in I.ir-.I - tor .1 -cI vehicles will K: changed from a toLii
liy.lniv.irb«m nr»*.i"i:rcnn*^i to.1 non-:iie:h.ine In.Inv.irhon	However. there is no
n".ui;Iji-h/cii ii.'J[Iuhj to: ll:.e miMsLirunvjr.: nf i;'ictli.3ii^ I'mni Ji^se'	Tn inc .ibsjTKC of
vjch j piocedu:o, HI'A ii,iN UneC options - 11 dlow ^ THC vjlue iri i*i\in N'MffC wivi?; 2i
allow nv.n Lecturers to L--.C di^ir 0n procedure '0 jnjly/c methjne m diesei exh^usi per'.ding
pner approval from, the EPA: or 3i ;,llow manufacturers to subtract 2C'- from the uu*s of the tola.]
hul:iKMrb<>n v.i!ue m pUcc meib.ir.e nc.isiircment. This nwjmcd melhjr.c frjcuon ;s bused on
;l;iu frmn .1 previous. EPA s[n;ly.jr, ihc Inicrun. it vsnulJ incumbent upon industry to develop ,1
sUnLirLJi/^d ni^h-im: rniMsuremer.l privet!urt* -1L wlilcb p-oinL HP A co>.ild pijc into the refutations
[¦PA	.ill ihrL-tf uprmns in ihe n:u,Lil;.s![Ons.
r. Mi'.iMiri nn nJ »f NMHC fur (.'N(.i \'i'hit Its
Si1; «n:.i.-y/l)esc;ipu.'it or thie [soic
EPA test pmccducN currently determine NMHC by mc^unrit: THC ,md me'h.ice ;ijul f.',x 1 r-
the J ilYc re nee.
Cammflm
Tl;u Njiuij] Gas Vehicle CojIiI;^n commcnlcJ th.it the NMHC method defined in EPA's
eur:c:-.". cccjIatJOtis does not procjjc jccuulc results for NGV:-, bee.i'jse .1 nuM-ures toi.il
" ¦ ¦ O			I
Sndtoejfbons by a ftame ionization ceteelor iFIDi .mii measures meiha-ic -.L"p,ir.tto|y a
rr.elh-r.e ar:.il>7er. NMHC in then determined by v.ibir,:.i.;iir,.i inethiin? i'r*-ni ilit* THC FED icsuits.
" Sprm^ur, K...( J. : PJT^i, "Chji ^ctcr:?..ition o1" Siut.ites. OJor, Smoke. POM .im:
P.irtiL"i;I,-.tL*s iroin [.iL-h; ,iru!. Hea'.y-Dusy l:ii_'nies -• P,in IX." Ann Arbor. %T?,hi>:.in I \S.
nn\i:or.ji-x'r;r.3l PriHt'^nor-. Alviicv, O^ce of Mobile iJources Publication r;n I3PA—xJ7,
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T:nv il-mi'n .n .m i.:,.:vCc|-r^iK hull kN^.'^irn: ir. the ^j!cu;./jd NMHC *. ,¦ iuc D::c.-. N'MIIC
literal e:r.en[ h\ ^a*. c^r^mj".o.:rjp':i , fiO is in.re .-*.ihir. ci;. r n:ci:v\l
AnM'- Rc^r-'r-.:-'
T'v: N.ifjr..] G.is Venule Ci\ilili.-r. h e-zrrect lh.it ^ ir.cue aocutaie value '.v,'i.!.! lv
i>inv' ¦.:-!•-	r.iiI'LT ih.,-i nv current sahi r,.ei i.T, ir,ein.\i Ln ti, f jl~ ;¦- re.:1—in.".!
iric:l:ud N-;	¦¦: NMI1C :n Cal a.-rr-.u .ird is ^idelv .j-.e,i in, mJi. stn :or -Jovc:r.cies, I he central foe us js
EPA's mtenttcn to propose significantly mere sinn^ent emissions standards to: NOx. The SOP
contains -in outline of many of ihc importi-.n: element of the intended proposal 'the SOP aSo
coniains ihe ;ii:rrc:r.frii of the oificr sknalories u.i i:ic intended proposd,
Ir the SOP the L:ri.ilniiL"s recognize the air ;ilitv. concerns for hi^h ambient loch of
^Vone, the m'lpuilaiice or moving luUarif 'he y.Oal OE ill-use NO.< emissions. levels of
.ipfro\i:nj!ely 2.0 e/hiip-hi, J the feasibility and appropriateness o: this goJ. The
ur.dc^t^nJinp of the signatories on !hc feasibility and appropriateness of the standards described
in the SOP is prem>.cii on v.-nous factors sueh .^s r U no chances at this lime in the PM or CO
standard .:r.d ilie test pr» veil arcs, and |2) increased ilexihiliiy in she A0T program. The
M^n.-'or-lCs :eL'sn;ni/c: ".hat ETPA is required an:l I'tilJy ir/emls to :neel all appliw.jHIf siihsf.ir.V.vc
.j:iJ	rulfinakirii; rinjuueniiMits uiulcr []i^ Clejn Ait Ac?.
Suh^aLeri; to	"he SOP, Hi'A jssa^d ANP'RM invmnc: con;;iscni on si<
a it J, jiivami: the views of iJ[ cor;ccrncd ;n the con: en is of a proposal. hi'A	a p:opo-.,u m
Jcne V6 i6l FR3342] June 27. lit')0t.
Conner.!^
rPA received cortiiiiL-nt kuin several parties suppoftini; the HOI3 and rulenukmo elfort. Eiie
iraniil'aL-njiets sapporieiS the rule aiid [In; process u^ed :>y tlie Agency. SEate orizaiiiza'.ions
ir.elu.l::iu STAPPA/ALAEXX) and NiiSCAUM noted ^ he ir strong support for the rule and
uirunt-jndcd -l:c Ayeiu^ .::ul aidus-.ry on tho SOP in lbc;r cnmn:encs. The An;enean L'jnij
76
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bPA .ir:J n.liMis or. ire tV.speui.VL- eilon in-: p:.p..«.il
ATA. in iI:j -T.il c.'^iT.on;. .n ihe pub|\- r.e.uir.;, i:n:ed c^nceri Ki.it il;c ;rcck.ne	w..v not
pail ;l 'j St )P oivcj-'MPji'.. ri'T were in^ Ml1.' be -^naiories Mn^cter. AJ'A ,jKp r.-.'!c,I. ?h,i!
i¦.t1A ^i-i:I I:..J m.icc j	^ii^.J e:;p:" io liiv ass ihe rule pr, r [.¦ the NPKM .nui
.iiw'i'rpi-"H'-iC  beLevc w be a lack ol public pjilicipalir-r:,
in de\clop;iiL> che SOP They Lju^iniu'd wither cht- r;\]u;rcireriK of the Admir.istMme
P^occJuiCs Act ha1,c been met .ir.d whether T:PA c,:n He Iuu:.iI°v dueled or Citjsir^ilnc«J 'fv
agreement reached w >:h a rcjulaied :nJur\ v^Libout public ]¦,!:¦::ci^,.F;I..n The ¦„-i>ir,.n:enier»
f-uir.J il to> a particular/.- Jaivjerous precedes to exclude item* :nmi a ruk-nuk m-j; ih.i! are o:
lt'V.vmI pnh|:i- miereM. v.uh .is I he particulate standard, The co m ir.e nte: s iii.it E:P.\ ir.-jsi
cLint%• rl:--" r.-'e "hal "he SOP plawd in ^ii'.JinL1 I he rulemaking .mJ re-ev;,luate liic appropr:.ne:^> n s<-
liPA K.iic%cs ihv- .SOP proves ,.nd the public ruler:i;ikir.i: procedures that followed it hjve
beer. a ern^ruclive on.L productive way to ^elup th? rln.il rule i^ucJ ECHia>, v»h:ch ^llt
si j-iiIlea[*«¦!.y icdiiec m-u-wu i.Tiis'-icns ol' NO\ I'^r i.5is:sc» cycle HDEs. EPA has adcp-cd many
prtaisirTih in she ilnal rule ^hii arc s-unsj^«rni v\]iii ihc SOP, ^here ihe ailemaking record
md process. Ir. "he pasi, .6 nilcrnakir.v: proper:1.] was uticn
tfl:\ duped "A iih r^l.i::\j|v liir.ilUil iirvulvc:ne;il uf nuK^lc parljc-s. Public input 'a.i^ ubtainerd in
liic j-i;h|;L" iiileni.jkniL: p^Ve^s, Willi i!ic llruil iuLc otlcri k-aihru: Hi inipi<;*.nil elumges tm.Mi ;I:-j
pn'pos.ii. In icccrit yeuj-, EPA has sought jr. many Ca^cs t^s ^neicasc tb.e i:H ;»^t'ir.eii[ n: jutcteilud
parties prior Io issuance of a proposal. I his often provides HPA wiiJi the kind »">: mlormalio^
lineded to develop a moie comprehensive ,md ro'ntist proposal.
In ;his c.i>c. EPA obtained irr.pdrur,; pre-propos.il inp^ by hot J in i: discus^M.-r^ wiih the
panics \% htk evenliiiillv recane ^iiinaiuries in ihe SOP, as wrlS wiiJi \ .inuus other in!ere^ted
parties ^ho were no" ^len.iiorics Tl'-e SOP uhieh fc.iilic.1 itllecis ihe <.j^ui|R-.:r.: mpLi cecuiveL:
hv EPA from wiiic number of iniere^.ed paints. Hascd Pn d^eLi^s-.ssr:^ u:lh Ih^U s;LMia;n;ieN
and nun-vLunulorics. EPA's. \iiiw al lhal Ijieic wa\ tli.i" tha SOP tul!i:'.cd ari apph-p.'ia'.e ^nd
feasible prnpiis.il fn: h-ats st:ir,.:c;r.' NO\ s|jiii!ariji.
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1 he SOP -.Ki Hi'*. o*!n^tr.::M TP,A, tc l.i;,n ik di 'en-:.'.-n in jii\ 'iji. !eaali> ¦ i^liLT.vh,' (u
L-^urve it iv j pui'ilw »'./.*:renl HPA <. imenth'is Li'ii^crnin-j 'he c-.'nU'nr^ •¦¦fan i.?>:>'4i:iu'
p:npo>jl. vvuh [he .1 niter si.irJir.j-. \auOLi^ pvirnc-. wliu jl;rcc wuh BPA s ir.fe.Ti.on h
tc^n^n^c^ EPA's ohiuMimn J mem Mm io l". -111 -¦ w-he St >P iii^usMin-, uiin ruMie
:ull*inkin j rr.vcss.
hisiead i'! due,.*!1. i->>•>¦ i,mil" j p'M"i x.il I PA i w,:eu ,Ti ANPRM "i"1 ^-eek mme r-1 • 11 iir.pnt i-p,
ihe coilcnK o: die NPKM B,i-ed mi lin^., tiP \ Li^elupeJ ,i proj-v^il Mi- ? f'.e*hed fji
tlis ilr"..u;s iif the Sf.lF1 .,"J ^iV.iplu. Comment mi j ^.jiielv or op":uns'ind issjev includirij mies rm:
in "K* SUP The I ami rule conLuns t-.PA's d-e'jiled suspmises, ui pi.:^l:c co;unie."'>.
While I:PA h.is	ine .ipprn.-.vh of ir.e SOP in :runy "A j>s, ihere .::e eerL::n ur.r-.'rLint
changes hum th- SOP, I:PAs iie-ision us vh.ir.ee or nol chunee froni LJie NPRN! :s based mi
EP.-Vi rCj>Ct;iL"d ev^-ualLmi ul ihe :e,/md hefme :i, in.L-[\i;I:nur :nE"«TlX"s-Hl«^n Jnu iee,:s :ntA jJ^d hv
cum reenter". One of the mo >: i n	at -dus nine
ra ihe \MHC~NO\ sun^.irii tW iv.h'-jycLc engines Si-jmhcain i.ir;». wuic .il>o rr.jJe in the
kinii i>: lk\ihiiiE\ ,:d.!?d lit currer' ART p;oi3rnm
Trie ANPKM. NPRM, ^;'.d now this :iiul rule retiree .3 pnx.-ess ol eonhmiina :c:Li;e:p.L*ms
;ind development of the suM.ir\ ihc.K<,UL"
EPA tneiuuee ,i pr^visinn m iric NPKNJ p;opoMri^ :o	ihe fuul ^Kirid.iriU in t^>'» 'o
zc-.i\^\s ih,v .ipTTopri.iiene^s of the J,irJs. ur.de; 1 he CIe.iij Air Act, i:.cLu.hul- ili_* juui !Vir ;mJ
[hi leehiHthsgiv'-u .md L-enn^mie fc.^Nhty of ihc f>Uir.d,i:ds iit lh;it time. HPA thai N.-turL-
nuking j t\n^\ d^iMun in cl:is review rciMrdinv: ihe jppropnatcnc^s of these >ur,da:ds, tPA
imer.ded in K^ue a propn^il re^jriLnu; "he is-'.ue ;m:L jirovnlc .i.in.
C i'mmcn:s
EPA. received ;i comrnent from environnientj.] g^o'up^ ^ayir.^ that ih.e 1999 re\ievs j.UU
uncert.aia!) ly Lhc proposed rul?nT.ikini .md icopiudized the proc/ini by weakening >igf;a[s t<"
Hiil-jsiiv. Thi eomirerit sMie.l :h»ii EPA ^VuM explieiUy ih-H ihe HurJen of proof tor .ins
upAuid el;.uigi; ru rhi- ennssiun si.ini^irJs lies wi:h ;l;e rc^iis.ncJ ir,diiiuy. The cvrnmer" MuieJ
clut HPA Nh^-uki dcvcii-p sp^LiilL -.rircrKj f^r Jin tLelermin.s"inn la r3iihlil\ ihe ^[.m>.lard, urnl ill.:"
tP.K rvhoL'IJ emphasize m,:; iJi^ lu^ie^ eou^d rusUil in j lowering ut sLinJauN 1'Iie
eonimenl .Lso i-rccd LPA [^oh^jlV j-uhiie pjmoip.itioa in ihe ly^JV re^.;eu .
71
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Annlvsi OK e sponge
EPA no' l"'-l —'• "huL"I:c L-\r« <,¦: eI:l' rc-icu. -.!..i:¦ hi,iriii,, 1 i.:~x;:rtto
:;:e rjie,.. .11;^ or :he	N3.j:ni:.!ci.ir^rs .l:c pji on nokce b> th:¦» 1in.1l r.iic tn.,: tn.:v h in
!v expend ;n rr.cc: rl:e nj'A mji^jh:- 'v. :he :i:inV, ;.cjf An;- i:i,Lr..H.-cSi-rcr thai Tails r^
iuil-.e ^lcp\ i1!	nee.Lvl U'- meet Tc^^irLnri^ri's .!o<"- ^r< .it ihc ni.*:iul..;cl .jrer' *. ( '.\r.
'Hi^u.-Ii Lhi.- J-I.-! M luv _• .1 :'.irm.i; review. in l- s"me\\ hit ,hfk\'CllE :i»>;u FP *.
prjaicc. hPA l;.is .ij'A :i,.g :r,e	,m.! i^uy 10	^ linker pri.Tn.ikaicJ
conlinuc to be ivvv-.is!cnt v, uh. :l:o in,.r,J.of i:r- Clu.^n Air Ac:.
Lie nuriien^ -ir.ij crilen,i 3m liie Ll>.^ ic, ic.t, nn> EPA dec^ion r, Air Act. p.irlu'jLirLy m;;uoii 1^1. Ti.e |l"W> review d-Vi ii;m pnivid?
hPA widi Use ...jihorr.s modify ik v.Kiirory enter i.j E lie NTRM ,inJ ihe preurr.olc 10 ihis i'ui.iI
fiilc nuke tJtMf tll.il the IW) :ew \vil\ he ,i pi:'-ihc rrtvc^ jnd 3tij[ '.he resjk of'.he rjvicv,
could K- ,3 vrerrj'hcmriu <>1 ^;jh JjkU
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