8.5 APPLICATION OF THE MODELS-3 COMMUNITY MULTI-SCALE AIR QUALITY (CMAQ) MODEL SYSTEM TO
SOS/NASHVILLE 1999
Jonathan PSeim*, Francis Binkowski, Robin Dennis, James Godowitch, Tanya Otte, Thomas Pierce, Shawn Roselle,
Kenneth Schere, and Jeffrey Young
Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, NOAA (On assignment to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Exposure Research Laboratory), Research Triangle Park, NC
Gerald Gipson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC
1.	INTRODUCTION
The Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality
(CMAQ) model, first released by the USEPA in 1999
(Byun and Ching 1999), continues to be developed
and evaluated. The principal components of the
CMAQ system include a comprehensive emission
processor known as the Sparse Matrix Operator
Kernel for Emissions (SMOKE), a Chemical Transport
Model (CTM), and a meteorology model, the Penn
State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Evaluation of
the CMAQ modeling system includes simulation of a
series of air quality field studies such as NARSTO and
SOS. This paper describes many upgrades to the
next release (June 2002) of the CMAQ system and
our initial model application to the SOS/Nashville 1999
field experiment.
2.	MODEL DESCRIPTION AND UPDATES
The 2002 release of the CMAQ modeling system
will include many additional and improved components
and better consistency between chemistry and
meterology models. The SOS/Nashville 1999 model
runs represent our initial testing and evaluation of
several combinations of new features in the
meteorology, emissions, and chemical components of
the system. The meteorology runs feature the Pleim-
Xiu land-surface model (PX-LSM) (Pleim and Xiu 1995;
Xiu and Pleim 2001) with indirect soil moisture data
assimilation and the Asymmetric Convective Model
(ACM) (Pleim and Chang 1992) for PBL processes. A
new dry deposition model (M3dry) has been developed
as an adjunct to the PX-LSM that uses the same
stomatal and aerodynamic resistances computed for
evapotranspiration (Pleim et al. 2001). New features
of the CMAQ CTM include the SAPRC-99 chemical
mechanism (Carter 2000), the Modified Euler
Backward Iterative (MEBI) chemical solver (Huang and
Chang 2001, Hertel et al, 1993), and a new version of
the aerosol model (AE3). The aerosol model
represents size spectra by three log-normal modes
with variable geometric standard deviation. AE3 adds
gas-aerosol partitioning for organic reaction products
(Schell et al. 2001) and a heterogeneous reaction for
N205 to HN03. CMAQ also includes PIume-in-Grid
(PinG) which has been updated to include aerosols
(Godowitch 2002). The ACM has been added to the
CMAQ CTM as a new PBL option so that PBL vertical
trasport is consistent for meteorological and chemical
species.
The new release of CMAQ is designed to operate
with a new emission processor (SMOKE) (Coats
1996). SMOKE includes the latest version of the
Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BE1S3) (Pierce
et al, 2002).
The 2002 release includes a new version of the
Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) for
CMAQ. The new MCIP enables CTM to exact PBL and
surface parameters calculated by the MM5.
Previously, many of these parameters, including PBL
height, friction velocity, and Monin-Obukhov length,
were re-diagnosed from meteorological state variables.
This feature is critical for maintaining consistency
between meteorology and chemistry models.
Figure 1. Model domains (32 km, 8 km, 2 km )
3. MODEL SIMULATIONS
We are running a series of one-way nests for both
MM5 and CMAQ starting with a continental 32 km
resolution domain, progressing through an
Intermediate 8 km domain centered on Nashville, to a
2 km domain covering central Tennessee (Figure 1).
The MM5 32 km domain has been run for June15 -
July 26, 1999 with a continuous simulation of soil
moisture and temperature. The 8 km and 2 km nests
are initialized by interpolation and run for selected
periods. Several forms of FDDA were used for the
MM5 runs including analysis nudging for winds at the
'Corresponding author address: Jonathan Pleim, USEPA, MD-E243-03, RTP, NC 27711, pleim@hpcc.epa.gov.

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surface and aloft, and temperature and humidity
above the PBL for the 32 km and 8 Km domains.
Surface temperature and humidity analyses are used
for indirect nudging of the soil moisture. Observation
nudging is used for the 8 km and 2 km grids. In
addition to routine rawinsonde and surface
measurements, special surface and radar wind profiler
measurements from the SOS/Nashville experiment are
included.
Initial CMAQ runs at all three resolutions are
being made for June 30 - July 14. Several variations
of modeling components and features will be run for
testing and sensitivity studies. The base runs use a
preliminary version of BEIS3 which updates emission
estimates of isoprene, terpenes and soil NOx. The
more complete BEIS3, which includes estimates of
methanol emissions, will also be tested. Inclusion of
biogenic methanol emissions may have a profound
effect on the modeled photochemistry and require new
capability from the dry deposition model. The base
runs do not include the Plume-in-Grid option, but
sensitivity tests will be run using PinG for the 32 and
8 km grids. The base runs use a bulk eddy diffusion
scheme based on surface layer and boundary layer
scaling. Sensitivity tests will include the ACM which
is a non-local closure scheme for convective
conditions and a local eddy diffusion scheme for all
other conditions. With the use of ACM in CMAQ the
PBL mixing of chemical species is identical to the
mixing of heat, moisture, and momentum in MM5.
o
<
	.Mode
• Observed
8/17/99 W3/99 6/29/99 7/5/99 7/11/99
Figure 2. PBL height at Cornelia Fort, TN, Modeled by MM5 and
measured by radar wind profiler
4, EVALUATION STATUS AND PLANS
At the time of submission of this extended
abstract we have made most of the MM5 runs along
with some evaluation but the CMAQ runs are at a very
early stage. Some results of CMAQ evaluation will be
presented at the conference.
MM5 evaluation involves simple statistics of
model results compared to routine surface
measurements as well as comparisons to special field
study measurements such as PBL height from radar
profilers, surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat,
and surface radiation components. As an example of
MM5 evaluation relevant to air quality modeling, Figure
2 shows time series of modeled and measured PBL
heights at the Cornelia Fort radar wind profiler,
CMAQ evaluation will involve both routine
measurement networks such as AIRS, for O3 and SO?,
IMPROVE, for speciated aerosol mass, and CASTNet
for inorganic aerosols, and special field study
measurements from SOS/Nashville1999. The
Nashville study has sophisticated gas and aerosol
measurements at several surface sites as well as gas
and aerosol measurements from 3 research aircraft.
5. REFERENCES
Byun D.W., and Ching, J.K.S., (eds.), 1999: Science
Algorithms of the EPA ModeIs-3 Community
Multiscaie Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System,
NERL, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA/600/R-
99/030.
Carter, W. P. L., 2000: Implementation of the SAPRC-
99 chemical mechanism into the Models-3
framework. Report to United States Environmental
Protection Agency,
(pah.cert.ucr.edu/~carter/bycarter.htm)
Coats, C.J., 1996: High performance algorithms in the
sparse matrix operator kernel emissions (SMOKE)
modeling system. Proceedings of the 9th Joint
Conference of the American Meteorological
Society and the Air and Waste Management
Association, Atlanta GA, Jan. 28 - Feb. 2, 1996.
Godowitch, J. M., 2002: Photochemical and aerosol
modeling with the CMAQ Plume-In-Grid approach.
(This Volume)
Hertel, O,, R. Berkowicz, J. Christensen, and 0. Hov,
1993: Test of two numerical schemes for use in
atmospheric transport-chemistry models, Atmos.
Environ., 27A, 2591-2611.
Huang, H.-C., J. S. Chang, 2001: On performance of
numerical solvers for a chemistry submodel in
three-dimensional air quality models, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 20,175-20,188.
Pierce, T, C. Geron, G. Pouliot, J. Vukovich, and E.
Kinnee, 2002: Integration of the biogenic
emissions inventory system (BEIS3) into the
Community Multiscaie Air Quality (CMAQ)
modeling system. (This Volume)
Pleim, J. E., and J. S. Chang, 1992: A non-local
closure model for vertical mixing in the convective
boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 26A, 965-981.
Pleim, J. E , and A. Xiu, 1995: Development and
testing of a surface flux and planetary boundary
layer model for application in mesoscale models.
J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 16-32.
Pleim, J. E., A. Xiu, P. L. Finkelstein, and T.L. Otte,
2001: A coupled land-surface and dry deposition
model and comparison to field measurements of
surface heat, moisture, and ozone fluxes, Water,
Air, and Soil Polution: Focus, 1, 243-252.
Schell, B., I. J. Ackermann, H. Hass, F. S. Binkowski,
A. Ebel, 2001: Modeling the formation of
secondary organic earosol within a
comprehensive air quality model system, J.
Geophys. Res., 106, 28,275-28,293.
Xiu, A., and J. E. Pleim, 2001: Development of a land
surface model part I: Application in a mesoscale
meteorology model. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 192-209.
DISCLAIMER: This paper has been reviewed in
accordance with the US Environmental Protection
Agency's peer and administrative review policies and
approved for presentation and publication.

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
1, REPORT NO.
2.
3
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Application of the Models-3 Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model
System to SOS/Nashville 1999
5 REPORT DATE
6.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
'Jonathan Pleim, Francis Binkowski, Robin Dennis, James Godowitch, Tanya
Otte, Thoma* Pierce, ShawiuRoselle, Kenneth Schere, and Jeffrey Young
Mc^o^rr--—
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
'Same as Block 12
10.PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
National Exposure Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
I3.TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, first released by the USEPA in 1999 (Byun and Ching
1999), continues to be developed and evaluated. The principal components of the CMAQ system include a comprehensive
emission processor known as the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel for Emissions {SMOKE), a Chemical Transport Model
(CTM), and a meteorology model, the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Evaluation of the CMAQ modeling
system includes simulation of a series of air quality Field studies such as NARSTO and SOS. This paper describes many
upgrades to the next release (June 2002) of the CMAQ system and our initial model application to the SOS/Nashville 1999
field experiment.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS' OPEN ENDED TERMS
c.COSATl



18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
21.NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This Page)
22. PRICE

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