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Prohibition of Defeat Devices
Ref. 40 CFR 86.409-78
a) No motorcycle shall be equipped with a defeat device
b) Defeat device means any element of design which:
1) Senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM,
transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other
parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating,
delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of the
emission control system and
2) Reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system
under conditions which may reasonably be expected to
be encountered in normal urban vehicle operation and
use, unless
i) Such conditions are substantially included in the
Federal emission test procedure, or
ii) The need for the device is justified in terms of pro-
tecting the vehicle against damage or accident, or
iii) The device does not go beyond the requirements of
engine starting or warm-up.
Commonly Used Abbreviations
CAA
Clean Air Act
g/km
Grams per Kilometer
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
HC
Hydrocarbon
EDV
Emission Data Vehicle
CO
Carbon Monoxide
EPA
Environmental Protection
Agency
NOx
Nitrogen Oxide
E.O.
Executive Order
CH4
Methane
DF
Deterioration Factor
CO 2
Carbon Dioxide
FEL
Family Emission Limit
N20
Nitrous Oxide
Disclaimer: The information in this pamphlet is not exclusive nor intended to
be a substitute or replacement of the CFR detailed regulatory requirements.
Highway
Motorcycle
Certification
Compliance
Statute and Regulations
Clean Air Act
Certification and Warranty Requirement
Production Report
40 CFR 86 Subpart F
Chassis Exhaust Emissions Testing Procedures
40 CFR 1051
Evaporation/Permeation Standards/Test Procedures
40 CFR 1060
Optional Evaporation/Permeation Certification and
Test Procedures
40 CFR 85 Subpart S
Recall Regulations
40 CFR 85 Subpart T
Defect Report & Voluntary
Emissions Recall Report
Office of Transportation & Air Quality
L^Jwl 2000 Traverwood Drive
Ann Arbor, Ml 48105
!¦! m m epa-420-f-i6-osi
www.epa.gov/vehide-and-engine-certification/
certification-non-electric-motorcycles
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Exhaust Emissions Standards
& Useful Life
Highway Motorcycle HMC Class Chart
1 Class determined by displacement
(40 CFR 86.419-2006)
2 In lieu of the HC standard for Class I and II only
(40 CFR 86.410-2006)
3 Maximum Family Emission Limit (FEL) for
(40 CFR 86.449)
4 > Four tests of emissions, (40 CFR 86.427-78)
5 Whichever occurs first (40 CFR 86.402-98)
6 Small Volume MFR: {< 500 employees worldwide &
<3k US sales/model year (MY)} may use 1.4g/km for
complia nee {40 CFR 86.410-2006(a)(2)(e)}
Class1
IA
IB
II
N,
Displacement (cc)
0-49
50-169
170-279
>280
HC (g/km)
1.0
1.0
1.0
CO (g/km)
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
HC+NOx (g/km)
—
-
0.8s
Optional2
HC+NOx (g/km)
•
1.4
1.4
—
FEL3 Max.
HC+NOx (g/km)
5.0
5.0
—
2.5
Test Distance
Minimum (km)4
2,500
2,500
2,500
3,500
Total Test
Distance (km)
6,000
6,000
9,000
15,000
Useful Life5
5yr/6km
5yr/12km
5yr/18km
5yr/30km
Required
Reports
Who?
What?
When?
Why?
How?
40 CFR
to
Whom?
All Certificate
Final US
Within 45
86.415(b)
Holders
Production
Days from
V
Report for
MY End
E
MY
R
Certificate Holders
Initial
Pre-MY
86.449
F
Using FEL(s)
Averaging
Production
Y
Averaging for
Report
Compliance
Final
Within 120
&
Averaging
Days after
C
Report
MY End
E
Certificate Holders
Emission
15 Days
85.1901-
R
Finding >25 of
Defect
from Dis-
1909
T
Same Defect
Information
covery for 5
Report
Years from
R
(EDIR)
MY End
E
P
R
E
Voluntary
Within 15
S
Emissions
Days from
E
Recall
Owner Noti-
N
Report
fication
T
(VERR)
Minimum
A
Six Quar-
terly Follow-
V
up Reports
Required
Emission-related Warranty
Requirements Q&A
Ql: What are key regulatory references?
Al. The Clean Air Act §207 Title 42§7541
A2. Guidance LetterCISD-06-15 (MC) July 25, 2006
A3. 40 CFR §86.411-78 and 86.412-78
A4. 40 CFR §86, Appendix VI: Emission Related Components
Q2: What is to be covered?
Al. Components whose failure would increase regulated
emissions (40 CFR§86, Appendix VI)
Q3: What timeframe is required for warranty coverage?
Al. The useful life of a vehicle as specifieded in 40 CFR §86.402
(See HMC Chart)
Q4: How is the warranty coverage to be communicated?
Al. To the US EPA: Certification Application
To be complete (40 CFR §86.417-78(b)), must show:
1) Appropriate coverage
2) Effective warranty claims processing system
A2.Tothe Customer: Owner's Manual (OM):
Identical warranty content as presented in Application
for Certification
Q5: What is required to insure effective warranty
claims processing?
Al. No Cost Repair/Replacement
(The Clean Air Act 207)
A2. A clear procedure in OM for end user to obtain
parts, service & warranty repairs (CISD-06-15)
A3. Demonstrated ability to meet the needs above,
e.g. dealer network, 24 hour service or toll-free
number, or other clear end user access procedure
Q6: What is required for emission defect reporting?
Al. An established defect tracking approach
{40 CFR§85.1903(c)}
Q7: When is a defect report submittal required?
Al. Same emission-related defect existent in >25 vehicles
{40 CFR§85.1903(a)(2)}
EPA Confirmatory Testing
Ref. 40 CFR 86.434-78
¦ Number of test vehicles at EPA's discretion
¦ Test facility at EPA's discretion
¦ EPA official results determine compliance
- Manufacturer completes service accumulation
EPA Production Vehicle Testing
Ref. 40 CFR 86.422-78
¦ Same as above
Manufacturer Certification Testing
Ref. 40 CFR 86.418-78; 86.427-78
¦ Four test points minimum
¦ If maintenance: Test before & after
¦ No maintenance: Equidistant test distances
¦ Minimum/Total Test Distances:
- By Class (40 CFR 86.410-2006)
¦ EDV selection criteria (40 CFR 86.420-78):
- Greatest potential to exceed applicable
emission standards
Deterioration Factor (DF) Calculation Cautions:
- If calculated DFc'1.000, then DF =1.000
(40 CFR 86.432-78(e))
- If tested value <0.10 g/km,
then use O.lOg/krn
(40 CFR 86.432-78(b))
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