-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 35
July - September 1983
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Radiation Programs
-------
Preface
(Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed
quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama. Data from the
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), and
similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when
available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP).^_The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface,
and drinking water and milk samples from which environmental
radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.^
1. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal
population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the
environment.
2. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include
gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission
products and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium,
iodine, radium, krypton and tritium. This monitoring effort also
serves to provide ancillary information on releases into the
environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors,
fuel fabrication and reprocessing plants and natural background
levels.
ii
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ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
DATA
CONTENTS
Page
DATA ~ Reporting Rationale and Procedures v
- Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum V11
Detectable Levels
DATA - ERAMS
SECTION I. Air Program 1
1. Airborne Particulates 1
and Precipitation
2. Plutonium and Uranium in 10
Airborne Particulates
3. Krypton-85 12
SECTION II. Water Program 13
1. Surface Water 13
2. Drinking Water 18
3. Radon in Drinking Water 21
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program 22
-------
SECTION IV. Milk. Program 25
1. Pasteurized Milk 25
2. Tritium in Milk 25
3. Strontium 89 and 90 in Milk 25
4. Carbon-14 in Milk 34
DATA - STATE AGENCIES 35
1, Indiana Pasteurizer! Milk Program 35
2. Iowa Water Analysis and Milk Analysis 36
iv
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DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for the
public. Therefore, new data reporting procedures were developed to
allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant change
in this reporting procedure is that all specific radionuclide
analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether
the number is negative, zero, or positive.
Reporting Rationale
Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental
media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only
background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting
level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure
allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically
without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses
and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in
environmental data.
When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be
exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values.
Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical
significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the true value
of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several
measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.
(1) Reported Values
Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of
sample collection date.
Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity
measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the
minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level,
then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
v
-------
MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.
(2) Reported Error Terms
Each reported value for specific analyses will be
accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined by
specific activity analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of
most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest
contributor to overall error.
(3) Significant Figures
All reported values will be rounded to no more than three
significant figures. The last significant figure will be
increased by one if the figure following is five or greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.
(4) Reporting Levels
The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1.
Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than
minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in
averaging.
(5) Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error
terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In
calculating these averages, all values of individual data
including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.
vi
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TABLE 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Media
Reporting
Unit 8
Reporting
Increments
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
Gross alpha
Water
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
2 pCi/1
Gross beta
Air
pCi/m^
.01 pCi/m^
.01 pCi/m3
Water
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
Precipitation nCi/m^
•01 nCi/m2
.01 nCi/m2(a>
Tritium
Water
nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
.2 nCi/l
Milk
nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
Carbon-14
Milk
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
15 pCi/1
Krypton-85
Ambient
Air pCi/m^
.1 pCi/m^
2 pCi/m^
Plutonium-238,
239
Air
aCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
Milk
pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.015 pCi
per sample
Water
pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.015 pCi
per sample
Uranium-234,
235,238
Air
aCi/m^
.1 aCi/m^
.015 pCi(b)
per sample
Milk
pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.015 pCi
per sample
Water
pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.015 pCi
per sample
Radium-226
Water
pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Strontium-90
Milk
pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
Water
pCi/1
vii
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
-------
Minimum
Radionuclide
Media
Reporting
Units
Reporting
Increments
Detectable
Levels
Strontiuo-89
Milk
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
5 pCi/l(c)
Iodine-131
Milk
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
Water
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
Water
(specific
pCi/1 .1 pCi/1
radiochemical analysis)
.4 pCi/1
Iodine-129
Milk
fCi/1
.1 fCi/1
.4 fCi/1
Iodine-127
Milk
g/1
10 g/1
10 g/1
Cesium-137
Milk
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
Water
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
Barium-140
Milk
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
Water
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c)
Potassium
Milk
g/1
• 1 g/1
.12 g/1
Water
8/1
.1 g/1
.12 g/1
Potassium-AO
Water
pCi/1
1 pCi/1
100 pCi/1
(a) The value in terms of nCi/m2 would be dependent on precipitation (mm).
(b) This value in terms of pCi/m^ would be dependent on the air volume.
(c) Activity as of the day of counting.
viii
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DATA - EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I. Air Program
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific
analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.
Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers
are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the
activity levels found.
The filters are ssnt to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m . The
lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations -where
air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity
measurements and gamma scans.
These locations also correspond to airborne particulate and
drinking water sampling locations selected for plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are
performed annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.
-------
Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta
concentrations in airborne particulates for July - September 1983.
Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta
concentration in precipitation July - September 1983.
The tritium in precipitation samples for July - September 1983
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193.
2
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TABLE 2
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
JULY 1983
LOCATION
0 SAM
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m^)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
AL
MONTGOMERY
18
1.5
0.1
0.5
0.04
0.00
0.01
CA
BERKELEY
8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.00
CA
LOS ANGELES
9
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.02
0.01
0.01
CO
DENVER
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.02.
0.01
0.01
CT
HARTFORD
9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.00
0.01
DE
WILMINGTON
9
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.02
0.01
0.01
FL
JACKSONVILLE
9
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.01
FL
MIAMI
9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.01
HI
HONOLULU
8
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.01
0.00
0.00
IA
IOWA CITY
8
1.3
0.1
0.7
0.03
C.01
0.02
ID
BOISE
9
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.02
0.00
0.01
ID
IDAHO FALLS
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.01
0.01
IL
CHICAGO
9
1.1
0.1
0.5
0.03
0.01
0.02
IN
INDIANAPOLIS
9
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.02
0.01
0.01
ME
AUGUSTA
8
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.00
0.01
MI
LANSING
8
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.02
0.0!
0.01
MN
MINNEAPOLIS
9
1.1
0.0
0.4
0.04
0.01
0.02
MO
JEFFERSON CITY
9
1.1
0.1
0.5
0.09
0.01
0.03
MS
JACKSON
8
1.4
0.1
0.5
0.02
0.01
0.02
ND
BISMARCK
9
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.03
0.01
0.02
NH
CONCORD
9
5.5
0.6
2.3
0.01
C.00
0.01
NJ
TRENTON
5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.00
0.01
NV
LAS VEGAS
8
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.03
0.00
0.01
NY
ALBANY
9
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.00
0.01
NY
NIAGARA FALLS
9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.00
0.01
NY
SYRACUSE
t\
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
NY
YAPHANK
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.01
OH
COLUMBUS
8
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.02
0.00
0.01
OH
PAINESVILLE
9
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.02
0.01
0.02
OH
TOLEDO
7
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.02
0.01
0.01
OK
OKLAHOMA CITY
8
1.1
0.1
0.7
0.03
0.01
0.02
OR
PORTLAND
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
PA
HARRISBURG
9
1.3
0.1
0.5
0.02
0.01
0.01
PA
PITTSBURGH
9
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.02
0.00
0.01
RI
PROVIDENCE
8
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.01
0.01
SC
BARNWELL
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.02
0.01
0.01
SC
COLUMBIA
7
1.5
0.2
0.5
0.03
0.00
0.01
SD
PIERRE
8
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.02
0.01
0.01
TN
KNOXVILLE
6
1.2
0.1
0.6
0.06
0.01
0.03
TN
NASHVILLE
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.04
0.01
0.02
TX
AUSTIN
5
2.7
0.5
1.5
0.04
0.01
0.02
TX
EL PASO
1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.01
0.01
0.01
UT
SALT LAKE CITY
9
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.01
VA
LYNCHBURG
9
1.8
0.0
0.7
0.03
0.01
0.02
WA
SEATTLE
9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.02
0.00
0.00
WA
SPOKANE
8
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.00
0.01
WV
CHARLESTON
7
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.02
0.01
0.01
WY
CHEYENNE
1
5.7
5.7
5.7
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m -
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m
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TABLE 3
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
AUGUST 1983
5-HR FIELD EERF LAB
ESTIMATE MEASUREMENT
LOCATION 0
SAM
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
(pCi/m^)
(pCi/m3)
AL:MONTGOMERY
18
3.4
0.1
1.0
0
.04
0.00
0.01
CA: BERKELEY
9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0
.01
0.00
0.00
CA:LOS ANGELES
9
1.2
0.2
0.6
0
.04
0.01
0.01
CO:DENVER
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.03
0.01
0.02
CT:HARTFORD
9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0
.01
0.00
0.01
DE:WILMINGTON
8
1.8.
0.1
0.6
0
.02
0.01
0.01
FL:JACKSONVILLE
9
0.1
0.0
0.1
0
.01
0.00
0.01
fl.-miami
9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0
.01
0.00
0.00
HI .-HONOLULU
9
0.2
0.0
0.1
0
.01
0.00
0.00
IA:IOWA CITY
7
1.0
0.2
0.7
0
.09
0.01
0.03
ID:BOISE
8
0.8
0.2
0.5
0
.03
0.01
0.02
ID:IDAHO FALLS
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.01
0.01
0.01
IL:CHICAGO
9
1.1
0.1
0.4
0
.03
0.01
0.02
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
8
0.9
0.4
0.7
0
.03
0.01
0.02
ME:AUGUSTA
9
0.8
0.1
0.3
0
.01
0.00
0.01
MI .-LANSING
9
0.3
0.1
0.2
0
.02
0.01
0.01
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
9
0.6
0.1
0.3
0
.02
0.01
0.01
MO .-JEFFERSON CITY
9
2.2
0.4
1.0
0
.15
0.00
0.04
MS .-JACKSON
8
0.5
0.1
0.3
0
.03
0.00
0.02
ND:BISMARCK
9
0.7
0.2
0.4
0
.03
0.01
0.02
NH:CONCORD
9
11.4
0.7
4.5
0
.01
0.00
0.01
NV:LAS VEGAS
9
0.7
0.2
0.4
0
.01
0.01
0.01
NY:ALBANY
9
0.3
0.1
0.2
0
.02
0.00
0.01
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0
.02
0.00
0.01
NY:YAPHANK
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.01
0.00
0.01
OH:COLUMBUS
9
0.7
0.4
0.6
0
.03
0.01
0.02
OH:PAINESVILLE
9
1.0
0.1
0.4
0
.02
0.01
0.01
OH:TOLEDO
9
0.3
0.0
0.1
0
.02
0.01
0.01
OK .'OKLAHOMA CITY
1
1.3
1.3
1.3
0
.02
0.02
0.02
OR:PORTLAND
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.01
0.00
0.00
PA.-HARRISBURG
9
1.1
0.5
0.8
0
.02
0.01
0.02
PA PITTSBURGH
9
0.2
0.1
0.2
0
.02
0.01
0.01
RI:PROVIDENCE
8
0.2
0.0
0.1
0
.01
0.00
0.01
SC:BARNWELL
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.02
0.01
0.01
SC:COLUMBIA
9
0.9
0.3
0.6
0
.04
0.01
0.03
SD:PIERRE
9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0
.04
0.01
0.02
TN:KNOXVILLE
8
1.8
0.3
0.9
0
.04
0.01
0.03
TN:NASHVILLE
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.08
0.00
0.03
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
8
0.2
0.0
0.1
0
.01
0.00
0.01
VA:LYNCHBURG
9
2.3
0.0
0.9
0
.07
0.01
0.02
WA:SEATTLE
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
.00
0.00
0.00
WA:SPOKANE
9
0.2
0.1
0.2
0
.02
0.01
0.01
WV:CHARLESTON
8
0.4
0.1
0.2
0
.03
0.01
0.02
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m3,.
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m
4
-------
TABLE 4
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
SEPTEMBER 1983
LOCATION
i> SAM
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCl/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
AL .-MONTGOMERY
18
3.A
0.1
0.9
0.03
0.01
0.01
CA:BERKELEY
9
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.01
0.00
0.01
CA:LOS ANGELES
9
2.0
0.1
0.6
0.02
0.01
0.01
CO-.DENVER
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.04
0.01
0.02
CT:HARTFORD
9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.02
0.00
0.01
DE: WILMINGTON
9
0.8
0.1
0.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
FL: JACKSONVILLE
6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.01
FL:MIAMI
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.01
HI:HONOLULU
9
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.01
0.00
0.00
IA:IOWA CITY
8
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.03
O.oi
0.01
ID:BOISE
8
1.6
0.1
0.7
0.04
0.02
0.02
ID:IDAHO FALLS
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.01
0.01
IL:CHICAGO
8
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.04
0.01
0.02
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
7
1.3
0.0
0.6
0.03
0.01
0.02
ME:AUGUSTA
9
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.02
0.01
0.01
MI:LANSING
9
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.02
0.00
0.01
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.01
0.01
0.01
MO .-JEFFERSON CITY
9
2.7
0.2
1.1
0.11
0.01
0.04
MS:JACKSON
8
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.05
0.01
0.03
ND:BISMARCK
8
0.9
0.2
0.5
0.02
0.01
0.02
NH:CONCORD
9
2.0
0.2
0.8
0.02
0.01
0.01
NV:LAS VEGAS
9
1.0
0.4
0.6
0.02
0.01
0.01
NY .-ALBANY
8
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.02
0.01
0.01
NY:NIACARA FALLS
9
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.02
0.01
0.01
NY:SYRACUSE
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.01
0.01
OH:COLUMBUS
9
0.9
0.2
0.5
0.03
0.01
0.02
OH:PAINESVILLE
9
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.02
0.01
0.01
OH .-TOLEDO
9
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.03
0.01
0.02
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
4
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.03
0.01
0.02
OR:PORTLAND
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.00
PA:HARRISBURG
9
1.1
0.2
0.7
0.03
0.01
0.02
PA PITTSBURGH
9
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.01
RI:PROVIDENCE
7
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.02
0.01
0.01
SC:BARNWELL
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.01
0.01
SC:COLUMBIA
9
0.8
0.1
0.5
0.04
0.01
0.02
SD -.PIERRE
8
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.02
0.01
0.01
TN.-KNOXVILLE
9
2.0
0.3
1.3
0.14
0.01
0.04
TX:AUSTIN
6
1.7
0.3
1.1
0.02
0.01
0.01
UT.-SALT LAKE CITY
9
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.01
0.00
0.01
VA:LYNCHBURG
9
1.5
0.1
1.0
0.06
0.01
0.02
WA: SEATTLE
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.00
WA:SPOKANE
9
0.8
0.0
0.3
0.03
0.00
0.01
WI:MADISON
3
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.02
0.00
0.01
WV:CHARLESTON
4
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.03
0.01
0.02
MINIMUM DETECTABLE
LIMIT
FOR
FIELD
ESTIMATES -
.1 pCi/m3
MINIMUM DETECTA3LE
LIMIT
FOR
LAB MEASUREMENT -
.01 pCi/m
5
-------
TABLE 5
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
JULY 1983
LOCATION
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(mm)
(nCi/m
2>
(1
AL
MONTGOMERY
80.0
0.26
0.05
ND
CO
DENVER
17.8
0.02
0.01
ND
CT
HARTFORD
96.3
0.47
0.07
ND
FL
JACKSONVILLE
219.6
0.35
0.11
ND
ID
BOISE
49.3
0.07
0.03
ND
IL
CHICAGO
18.A
0.03
0.01
ND
IN
INDIANAPOLIS
25.0
0.02
0.01
ND
MI
LANSING
28.2
0.02
0.01
ND
MN
MINNEAPOLIS
30.0
0.03
0.01
ND
MS
JACKSON
41.3
0.33
0.04
ND
ND
BISMARCK
19.5
0.03
0.01
ND
NY
NEW YORK CITY
20.0
0.03
0.01
ND
NY
NIAGARA FALLS
47.8
0.04
0.02
ND
OH
COLUMBUS
52.0
0.03
0.02
ND
OH
PAINESVILLE
66.9
0.05
0.03
ND
OH
TOLEDO
95.0
0.17
0.06
ND
OR
PORTLAND
60.1
0.12
0.03
ND
PA
HARRISBURG
28.8
0.03
0.01
ND
PA
PITTSBURGH
124.8
0.07
0.06
ND
SC
BARNWELL
27.5
0.10
0.02
ND
SC
CHARLESTON
92.5
0.07
0.05
ND
SC
COLUMBIA
190.0
0.42
0.11
ND
SD
PIERRE
6.2
0.02
0.00
ND
TX
AUSTIN
17.5
0.01
0.01
ND
VA
LYNCHBURG
49.3
0.50
0.05
ND
(pCi/1)
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
6
-------
TABLE 6
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
AUGUST 1983
LOCATION
DEPTH ACT. + 2s
(mm) (nCl/m^)
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
AL:MONTGOMERY
100.0
0.25
0.06
ND
CO:DENVER
60.3
0.07
0.03
ND
CT:HARTFORD
82.5
0.32
0.06
ND
FL:JACKSONVILLE
196.6
0.31
0.11
ND
ID:BOISE
5.3
0.02
0.00
ND
ID:IDAHO FALLS
37.8
0.08
0.03
ND
IL:CHICAGO
25.5
0.05
0.02
ND
IN: INDIANAPOLIS
22.5
0.04
0.01
ND
MI:LANSING
98.1
0.09
0.05
ND
MN MINNEAPOLIS
139.3
0.20
0.07
ND
MS: JACKSON
44.4
0.03
0.02
ND
ND:BISMARCK
33.8
0.03
0.02
ND
NJ:TRENTON
11.9
0.14
0.01
ND
NV:LAS VEGAS
63.5
0.09
0.03
ND
NY:NEW YORK CITY
120.0
0.37
0.08
ND
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
117.8
0.12
0.06
ND
OH CINCINNATI
5.0
0.01
0.00
ND
OH:COLUMBUS
61.3
0.03
0.03
ND
OH:PAINESVILLE
63.8
0.19
0.04
ND
OH .-TOLEDO
178.4
0.38
0.10
ND
PA:HARRISBURG
29.2
0.11
0.02
ND
PA PITTSBURGH
95.0
0.23
0.05
ND
SC:BARNWELL
46.5
0.09
0.02
ND
SC:COLUMBIA
14.5
0.11
0.01
ND
SD:PIERRE
40.0
0.07
0.02
ND
TX:EL PASO
50.0
0.07
0.02
ND
VA:LYNCHBURG
25.0
0.77
0.04
ND
WV:CHARLESTON
87.5
0.14
0.04
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
7
-------
TABLE 7
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
SEPTEMBER 1983
LOCATION
DEPTH ACT. + 2b
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(mo)
(nCi/m^)
(1
AL:MONTGOMERY
95.0
0.32
0.06
ND
CA;BERKELEY
11.6
0.01
0.01
ND
CO:DENVER
8.0
0.02
0.00
ND
CT:HARTFORD
52.8
0.12
0.03
ND
FL:JACKSONVILLE
201.4
0.26
0.10
ND
FL:KIAMI
137.5
0.33
0.06
ND
ID:IDAHO FALLS
53.0
0.12
0.03
ND
IL;CHICAGO
55.8
0.04
0.03
ND
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
41.3
0.03
0.02
ND
MI:LANSING
100.3
0.09
0.05
ND
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
102.5
0.13
0.00
ND
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
102.1
0.05
0.04
ND
MS:JACKSON
95.8
0.18
0.06
ND
ND:BISMARCK
32.1
0.05
0.02
ND
NJ:TRENTON
9.5
0.05
0.01
ND
NV;LAS VEGAS
46.5
0.07
0.02
ND
NY;NEW YORK CITY
36.3
0.12
0.02
ND
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
64.6
0.05
0.03
ND
OH:COLUMBUS
76.5
0.07
0.04
ND
OB:PAINESVILLE
173.1
0.36
0.09
ND
OH:TOLEDO
92.5
0.20
0.05
ND
OR:PORTLAND
50.3
0.03
0.02
ND
PA:KARRISBURG
43.0
0.06
0.02
ND
PA PITTSBURGH
54.5
0.09
0.03
ND
RI .-PROVIDENCE
43.7
0.20
0.03
ND
SC:BARNWELL
38.8
0.04
0.02
ND
SC:COLUMBIA
93.5
0.49
0.07
ND
SD:PIERRE
7.5
0.02
0.00
ND
TX:AUSTIN
35.0
0.05
0.02
ND
TX:EL PASO
10.0
0.02
0.01
ND
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
168.0
0.53
0.11
ND
WI:MADISON
16.3
0.03
0.01
ND
(pCl/1)
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
B SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
8
-------
TABLE 8
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
LOCATION
nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s nCi/1 + 2s
AL:MONTGOMERY
0.2
CM
•
O
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
CA:BERKELEY
NS
NS
0.2
0.2
CO:DENVER
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
CT:HARTFORD
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
FL .-JACKSONVILLE
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
FL:MIAMI
NS
NS
0.1
0.2
ID:BOISE
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
NS
ID:IDAHO FALLS
NS
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
IL:CHICAGO
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
MI .-LANSING
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
NS
NS
0.1
0.2
MS-.JACKSON
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
ND:BISMARCK
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
NJ:TRENTON
NS
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
NV:LAS VEGAS
NS
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
NY:NEW YORK CITY
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
OH .-CINCINNATI
NS
0.4
0.2
NS
OH:COLUMBUS
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
OH:PAINESVILLE
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
OH:TOLEDO
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
OR:PORTLAND
0.3
0.2
NS
0.2
0.2
PA:HARRISBURG
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
PA PITTSBURGH
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
RI .-PROVIDENCE
NS
NS
0.2
0.2
SC:BARNWELL
1.8
0.2
1.6
CM
•
O
0.7
0.2
SC:CHARLESTON
0.2
0.2
NS
NS
SC:COLUMBIA
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.8
0.2
SD:PIERRE
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
TX:AUSTIN
0.2
0.2
NS
0.2
0.2
TX:EL PASO
NS
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
VA .-LYNCHBURG
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
NS
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
NS
NS
0.2
0.2
WI:MADISON
NS
NS
0.1
0.2
WV:CHARLESTON
NS
0.1
0.2
NS
NS NO SAMPLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
9
-------
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates
Environmental radiation levels of plutonlum and uranium are
determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air
filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers. The number of continuously operating stations
is being increased from the original 22 will eventually number 67
when all equipment is operational.
Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonlum or
uranium.
Concentration of the specific Isotopes of plutonlum-238, -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
*1
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m
for each quarterly composite.
Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for April
June 1983 are shown for the 44 stations operating during this period
in Table 9.
10
-------
TABLE 9
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
APRIL - JUNE 1983 COMPOSITES
LOCATION
238t
239,
—Pu
aCl/m^+ 2s aCi/a"+ 2s
234,
235,
238,
aCi/m^+ 2s aCi/m"*+ 2s aCi/m^+ 2s
AL:MONTGOMERY
0.2
0,3
1.8
0.8
8.3
1.8
0.5
0.4
11.1
2.1
CA:BERKELEY
0.2
0.5
O.B
0.5
7.1
2.0
0.2
0.4
8.9
2 .2
CA:LOS ANGELES
0.6
1.5
2.0
1.2
23.1
5.2
0.6
1.1
29.5
6.1
CO:DENVER
0.1
0.4
1.6
0.7
37.4
5.4
0.4
0.7
24.9
4.0
CT:HARTFORD
0.8
1.1
2.2
1.0
16.8
3.8
1.4
1.0
14.9
3.6
DE -.WILMINGTON
-O.I
0.4
1.3
0.8
12.6
2.6
0.7
0.6
11.1
2.4
FL:JACKSONVILLE
1.2
1.3
2.8
1.6
14.1
3.9
i . 3
.1 .1
15.9
4.0
FL:MIAMI
0.3
0.3
1.7
0.6
24.4
3.8
0.9
0.5
18.3
3.1
HI'.HONOLULU
3.8
1.6
2.3
1.1
3.2
1.0
0.5
0.4
4.3
1.2
IA :IOl.'A CITY
0.4
0.4
1.5
0.7
25.0
4 .0
0.8
0.5
25.3
4.0
ID:BOISE
0.5
0.9
2.4
1.0
15.2
2.6
0.5
0.4
13.6
2.5
ID:IDAHO FALLS
3.4
i .9
4.8
2.0
38.9
6.2
1.5
0.9
49.4
7.4
IL:CHICAGO
1.3
1.6
2.1
1.5
46.2
7.6
2.1
1.2
44.6
7.4
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
0.1
0.8
3.6
1.5
55.9
8.4
0.2
0.4
53.3
8.1
ME:AUGUSTA
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.5
14.3
2.6
1.1
0.6
15.4
2.7
MI:LANSING
0.4
0.5
1 .4
0.6
20.8
3.0
0.9
0.5
23.0
3.2
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
0.0
0.5
1.7
0.7
21.5
3.7
1.1
0.7
17.8
3.2
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
-0.3
0.4
1.2
0.7
11.6
2.3
4.7
1.3
13.1
2.5
ND:BISMARCK
O.I
0.2
1.6
0.7
6.1
0.7
0.2
0.1
5.9
0.7
NH:CONCORD
0.1
0.5
2.6
1.0
11.3
2.1
0.4
0.4
9.3
1.9
NJ .-TRENTON
0.2
0.2
1.5
0.6
16.1
3.0
1.2
0.7
16.6
3.0
NV:LAS VEGAS
1.3
1,1
3.5
1.4
112.9
15.5
3.6
1.8
72.6
10.9
NY:ALBANY
0.1
OA
1.6
1.1
27.8
5.4
1.5
1.0
30.7
5.7
NY .-NIAGARA FALLS
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.5
45.8
7.4
1.5
0.9
44.0
7.1
NY:SYRACUSE
1.1
0.5
1.6
0.6
30.1
4.7
2.7
1.0
22.6
3.9
NY: YAPIIANK
0.7
0.7
1.5
0.8
9.6
2.1
0.6
0.5
7.7
1.8
OH:COLUMBUS
0.1
0.2
1.9
0.7
39.2
6.8
2.0
1.1
34.9
6.2
OH:PAINESVILLE
-0.2
0.3
2.4
0.8
26.0
4.5
1.0
0.6
28.4
4.8
OR:PORTLAND
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.6
5.6
1.7
0.3
0.4
6.3
1.8
PA:HARRISBURG
0.8
0.9
2.4
1.1
26.3
4.1
1 .6
0.8
27 .4
4.2
?A:PITTSBURGH
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.6
36.6
4.9
1.2
0.6
33.5
4.5
RI:PROVIDENCE
0.3
0.3
1.6
0.7
15.7
2.6
0.8
0.5
14.7
2.4
SC: BARNWELL.
0.1
0.4
2.1
0.8
17.6
2.8
0.7
0.4
17.3
2.8
SC:COLUMBIA
0.5
0.7
1.6
0.8
45.2
11.9
1.4
1.4
44.5
11.6
SD:PIERRE
0.5
1.0
1.6
0.9
23.5
3.7
1.0
0.6
21.2
3.4
TN:KNOXV1LLE
1.7
1.2
2.3
1.0
25.0
4.4
0.6
0.5
26.6
4.5
TN:NASHVILLE
0.1
0.5
2.0
0.8
30.5
5.1
1.7
0.9
35.8
5.7
TX:AUSTIN
0.4
0.4
1.8
0.7
13.0
2.4
0.3
0.4
14.3
2.6
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
0.4
0.5
2.2
0.9
25.4
4.4
4.1
1.5
26.4
4.5
VA:LYNCHBURG
0.1
0.4
2.2
0.7
406.9
44.9
12.3
2.4
15.1
2.8
WA:SEATTLE
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.5
7.4
1.4
0.2
0.2
6.6
1.3
WA:SPOKANE
-0.2
1.2
1.8
1.1
31.5
6.3
0.9
0.8
31.2
6.3
WI:MADISON
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.5
12.9
2.6
0.4
0.4
14.4
2.8
W: CHARLESTON
0.6
0.5
1.1
0.6
2.7
0.4
0.1
0.1
2.4
0.3
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
11
-------
Krypton-85
Krypton-85 is a loag-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8
years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor
operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear
detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as
spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.
Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample
collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the
United States with considerations being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic
coverage.
Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are
purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.
The Krr85 results will be published when they are available.
12
-------
DATA - EPA
ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to
assess the effects of the nuclear power industry, the natural
radiation environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's
rivers, streams and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 st^i-io.is located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.
Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly
and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.
Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.
Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for July
September 1983 are given In Table 10.
Results from the 1983 annual gamma analyses of surface water are
shown in Table 11.
13
-------
TABLE 10
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983
LOCATION
SOURCE
DATE
COLLECTED
nCi/1
2s
AL
DECATUR
TENNESSEE RIVER
7
7/83
0.2
0.2
AL
DOTHAN
CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER
7
10/83
0.4
0.2
AL
SCOTTSBORO
TENNESSEE RIVER
7
8/83
0.4
0.2
CA
CLAY STATION
FOLSOM S. CANAL
7
21/83
0.3
0.2
CA
DIABLO CANYON
PACIFIC OCEAN
7
15/83
0.1
0.2
CA
EUREKA
HUMBOLDT BAY
7
7/83
0.2
0.2
CA
SAN ONOFRE
PACIFIC OCEAN
9
16/83
0.2
0.2
CO
GREELEY
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
7
15/83
0.3
0.2
CT
EAST HADDAM
CONNECTICUT RIVER
9
15/83
0.2
0.2
CT
WATERFORD
LONG ISLAND SOUND
9
14/83
0.2
0.2
FL
CRYSTAL RIVER
GULF OF MEXICO
7
5/83
0.2
0.2
FL
FT. PIERCE
ATLANTIC OCEAN
7
6/83
0.2
0.2
FL
HOMESTEAD
BISCAYNE BAY
7
13/83
0.2
0.2
IA
CEDAR RAPIDS
CEDAR RIVER
7
12/83
0.3
0.2
ID
BUHL
SNAKE RIVER
7
8/83
0.4
0.2
IL
E. MOLINE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7
11/83
0.4
0.2
IL
MOLINE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7
15/83
0.2
0.2
IL
MORRIS
ILLINOIS RIVER
7
31/83
0.3
0.2
IL
OREGON
ROCK RIVER
7
15/83
0.5
0.2
IL
ZION
LAKE MICHIGAN
8
2/83
0.3
0.2
LA
NEW ORLEANS
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7
11/83
0.2
0.2
MA
PLYMOUTH
CAPE CODE BAY
7
6/83
0.4
0.2
MA
ROWE
DEERFIELP RIVER
7
29/83
0.4
0.2
MD
CONOWINGO
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
7
12/83
0.3
0.2
MD
LUSBY
CHESAPEAKE BAY
7
19/83
0.3
0.2
ME
WISCASSET
MONTSEWAY BAY
7
5/83
0.3
0.2
MI
BRIDGMAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
7
12/83
0.6
0.2
MI
CHARLEVOIX
LAKE MICHIGAN
7
9/83
0.3
0.2
MI
MONROE
LAKE ERIE
7
11/83
0.4
0.2
MI
SOUTH HAVEN
LAKE MICHIGAN
7
11/83
0.3
0.2
MN
MONTICELLO
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7
6/83
0.2
0.2
MN
RED WING
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7
7/83
0.3
0.2
MS
PORT GIBSON
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7
21/83
0.2
0.2
NC
CHARLOTTE
CATAWBA RIVER
7
11/83
0.3
0.2
NC
SOUTHPORT
ATLANTIC OCEAN
7
5/83
0.1
0.2
NE
RULO
MISSOURI RIVER
7
12/83
0.3
0.2
NJ
BAYSIDE
DELAWARE RIVER
7
12/83
0.3
0.2
NJ
OYSTER CREEK
OYSTER CREEK
7
7/83
0.2
0.2
NV
BOULDER CITY
COLORADO RIVER
7
6/83
0.3
0.2
NY
OSSINING
HUDSON RIVER
8
10/83
0.3
0.2
NY
OSWEGO
LAKE ONTARIO
7
28/83
0.3
0.2
NY
POUGHKEEPSIE
HUDSON RIVER
7
6/83
0.1
0.2
OH
TOLEDO
LAKE ERIE
7
1/83
0.3
0.2
OR
BRADWOOD
COLUMBIA RIVER
8
6/83
0.3
0.2
PA
DANVILLE
SUSQUEHANNA V.tVEP
7
13/83
0.2
0.2
14
v
-------
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JULY - SEPTEMBER
1983
DATE
LOCATION
SOURCE
COLLECTED
nCi/1
+
SC:ALLENDALE
SAVANNAH RIVER
7/28/83
4.0
0.3
SC:BROAD RIVER
BROAD RIVER
7/13/83
0.2
0.2
SCrHARTSVILLE
LAKE ROBINSON
7/25/83
0.8
0.2
TN:DAISY
TENNESSEE RIVER
8/ A/83
0.2
0.2
TNrKINGSTON
CLINCH RIVER
7/ 6/83
0.8
0.2
TX:EL PASO
RIO GRANDE
7/26/83
0.3
0.2
TX:MATAGORDA
COLORADO RIVER
7/20/83
0.1
0.2
VA:DOSWELL
NORTH ANNA RIVER
7/ 8/83
2.0
0.2
WArNORTHPORT
COLUMBIA RIVER
7/ 5/83
0.2
0.2
WA:RICHLAND
COLUMBIA RIVER
7/13/83
0.3
0.2
WItTWO CREEKS
LAKE MICHIGAN
7/12/83
0.3
0.2
WI:VICTORY
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/12/83
0.2
0.2
WV:WHEELING
OHIO RIVER
7/ 6/83
0.3
0.2
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
15
-------
LOCATION
Al: DECATUR
AL:DOTHAN
AL:SCOTTSBORO
CA:CLAY STATION
CA:DIABL0 CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
CO:GREELEY
CTiEAST HADDAM
CT:WATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL.'HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BUHL
TL:E. MOLINE
IL:MOLINE
IL:MORRIS
IL:OREGON
IL:ZIOH
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:PLYMOUTH
HA:ROWE
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME :WISCASSET
MI:8RIDGMAN
MI-.CHARLEVOIX
MI :>JONROE
MI .-SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NE:RULO
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ;OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
NY:OSSINING
NY:OSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
TABLE 11
SURFACE WATER
ANNUAL GAMMA ANALYSIS
1983
DATE
GAMMA
SOURCE
COLLECTED
pci/1
TENNESSEE RIVER
7/ 7/83
ND
CHATTAHOOCHIE RIVER
7/10/83
ND
TENNESSEE RIVER
7/ 8/83
ND
FOLSOM S. CANAL
7/21/83
ND
PACIFIC OCEAN
7/15/83
ND
HUMBOLDT BAY
7/ 7/83
245 +
PACIFIC OCEAN
9/16/83
K
297 +
SOUTH PLATTK RIVER
7/15/83
ND
CONNECTICUT RIVER
9/15/83
40k
ND
LONG ISLAND SOUND
9/14/83
217 +
GULF OF MEXICO
7/ 5/83
ND
ATLANTIC OCEAN
7/ 6/83
ND
BISCAYNE BAY
7/13/83
ND
CEDAR RIVER
7/12/83
ND
SNAKE RIVER
7/ 8/83
ND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/11/83
ND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/15/83
ND
ILLINOIS RIVER
7/31/83
ND
ROCK RIVER
7/15/83
ND
LAKE MICHIGAN
8/ 2/83
ND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/11/83
ND
CAPE CODE BAY
7/ 6/83
KO
DEERFIELD RIVER
7/29/83
ND
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
7/12/83
ND
CHESAPEAKE BAY
7/19/83
ND
MONTSEWAY BAY
7/ 5/83
ND
LAKE MICHIGAN
7/12/83
ND
LAKE MICHIGAN
7/ 9/83
ND
LAKE ERIE
7/11/83
ND
LAKE MICHIGAN
7/11/83
ND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/ 6/83
ND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/ 7/83
ND
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
7/21/83
ND
CATAWBA RIVER
7/11/83
ND
ATLANTIC OCEAN
7/ 5/83
ND
MISSOURI RIVER
7/12/83
ND
DELAWARE RIVER
7/12/83
ND
OYSTER CREEK
7/ 7/83
ND
COLORADO RIVER
7/ 6/83
ND
HUDSON RIVER
8/10/83
ND
LAKE ONTARIO
7/28/83
ND
HUDSON RIVER
7/ 6/83
ND
LAKE ERIE
7/ 1/83
ND
16
-------
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
ANNUAL GAMMA ANALYSIS
1983
LOCATION
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SC-.ALLENDALE
SC:BROAD RIVER
SC:HARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TN:KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
TX:MATAGORDA
VA:DOSWELL
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WI:TWO CREEKS
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
SOURCE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
SAVANNAH RIVER
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
COLORADO RIVER
NORTH ANNA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
8/ 6/83
7/13/83
7/28/83
7/13/83
7/25/83
8/ 4/83
7/ 6/83
7/26/83
7/20/83
7/ 8/83
7/ 5/83
7/13/83
7/12/83
7/12/83
7/ 6/83
GAMMA
pCi/1 + 2s
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
S SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
17
-------
Drinking Water
The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.
Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross
alpha, gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma on annual composites.
Radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1;
and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226 activity
falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is performed on
one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an annual
composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, for
stations which demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the
distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226 by
the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for July
September 1983 are shown in Table 12.
All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
18
-------
TABLE 12
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JULY
- SEPTEMBER 1983
DATE
LOCATION
COLLECTED
nCi/1
+ 2s
AK:FAIRBANKS
7/ 8/83
0.1
0.2
AL:DOTHAN
7/10/83
0.3
0.2
AL:MONTGOMERY
7/ 5/83
0.2
0.2
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
7/ 6/83
0.2
0.2
ALrSCOTTSBORO
7/ 8/83
0.2
0.2
CA:BERKELEY
7/15/83
0.3
0.2
CA:LOS ANGELES
7/ 7/83
0.3
0.2
COtDENVER
7/15/83
0.2
0.2
CO:PLATTEVILLE
7/15/83
0.3
0.2
CT:HARTFORD
7/ 7/83
0.1
0.2
DE: DOVER
7/ 6/83
0.2
0.2
FL:MIAMI
7/ 5/83
0.1
0.2
FL:TAMPA
7/11/83
0.3
0.2
GA:SAVANNAH
7/ 5/83
3.3
0.2
HI:HONOLULU
7/18/83
0.1
0.2
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
7/12/83
0.2
0.2
ID:BOISE
8/11/83
0.3
0.2
ID:IDAHO FALLS
7/18/83
0.3
0.2
IL:MORRIS
7/ 6/83
0.1
0.2
IL:W. CHICAGO
7/ 5/83
0.1
0.2
KS:TOPEKA
7/ 1/83
0.3
0.2
LA:NEW ORLEANS
7/27/83
0.3
0.2
MA:LAWRENCE
7/18/83
0.1
0.2
MD:BALTIMORE
7/ 1/83
0.5
0.2
MD:CONOWINGO
7/12/83
0.3
0.2
ME .-AUGUSTA
7/ 1/83
0.3
0.2
MI:DETROIT
7/13/83
0.5
0.2
MI .-GRAND RAPIDS
7/18/83
0.3
0.2
MNMINNEAPOLIS
7/11/83
0.2
0.2
MN:RED WING
9/ 9/83
0.1
0.2
MS .-JACKSON
7/ 5/83
0.1
0.2
MS .-PORT GIBSON
7/ 8/83
0.2
0.2
MTrHELENA
7/ 7/83
0.3
0.2
NC:CHARLOTTE
7/11/83
0.4
0.2
NC .-WILMINGTON
9/ 9/83
0.1
0.2
ND:BISMARCK
7/ 8/83
0.3
0.2
NE:LINCOLN
7/13/83
0.3
0.2
NH:CONCORD
7/ 5/83
0.2
0.2
NJ:TRENTON
7/14/83
0.3
0.2
NJ:WARETOWN
7/21/83
0.1
0.2
NM:SANTA FE
7/ 6/83
0.2
0.2
NV:LAS VEGAS
7/ 6/83
0.4
0.2
NY:ALBANY
7/ 5/83
0.2
0.2
NY:NEW YORK CITY
8/ 2/83
0.4
0.2
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
7/ 5/83
0.4
0.2
NY:SYRACUSE
8/ 2/83
0.4
0.2
19
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983
DATE
LOCATION COLLECTED nCi/1 + 2s
OH:CINCINNATI 7/ 5/83 0.3 0.2
OH:COLUMBUS 7/12/83 0.2 0.2
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL 7/ 6/83 0.3 0.2
OH:PAINESVILLE 7/ 7/83 0.2 0.2
OH:TOLEDO 7/ 1/83 0.2 0.2
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY 7/ 6/83 0.3 0.2
OR:PORTLAND 7/ 6/83 0.1 0.2
PA COLUMBIA 7/14/83 0.1 0.2
PA:HARRISBURG 7/13/83 0.2 0.2
PA PITTSBURGH 7/ 6/83 0.1 0.2
PC:ANCON 7/26/83 0.3 0.2
RI:PROVIDENCE 7/ 7/83 0.3 0.2
SC:BARNWELL 7/29/83 0.8 0.2
SC:COLUMBIA 7/ 1/83 0.3 0.2
SC:HARTSVILLE 7/11/83 0.2 0.2
SC:JENKINSVILLE 7/ 8/83 0.2 0.2
SC:SENECA 7/12/83 0.4 0.2
TN:CHA1TANOOGA 8/15/83 0.4 0.2
TN:KNOXVILLE 7/ 1/83 0.2 0.2
TX:AUSTIN 7/ 7/83 0.3 0.2
VA:DOSWELL 7/26/83 0.1 0.2
VA:LYNCHBURG 7/ 1/83 0.3 0.2
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH 7/11/83 0.2 0.2
WA:RICHLAND 7/13/83 0.1 0.2
WA:SEATTLE 7/ 5/83 0.2 0.2
WI:GENOA CITY 7/12/83 0.1 0.2
WI:MADISON 7/ 5/83 0.1 0.2
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
20
-------
Radon-222 in Drinking Wate^r
Radon-222 in drinking water has previously been considered a
source of radiation exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint.
The Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) of the U.S. Environnental
Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating radon in water supplies to
evaluate the possibility that a major pathway from inhalation
exposure may exist in addition to the Ingestion pathway. As an inert
gas, radon is not chemically bound to the water and consequently can
be released during any operation that aerates or agitates water.
Depending upon the initial concentration of radon in water,
significant quantities of radon could be released in a home or to the
general environment.
To determine the scope of this potential problem, a national
ground water sampling program has been initiated by the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) to obtain data on radon
concentrations in water supplies throughout the country. Sampling
kits have been assembled by EERF and distributed to various state
health departments. The kit is designed so that state personnel can
collect samples from potable water supplies and ship them, without
loss of radon other than radioactive decay, to EERF for analysis.
The selection of water supplies to be sampled is handled by two
separate methods. Method 1 in which each state collects samples from
all groundwater supplies serving at least 1000 people and Method 2 in
which the choice of sampling locations and the number of supplies to
be sampled is left to the discretion of the state programs. Each
state is asked to obtain a representative sampling of ground water
supplies within its boundaries. The extent of the sampling efforts
and how representative the data are for a given state is determined
primarily by the amount of time each state devotes to the program.
The concentrations of "adon in water are determined at the EERF
by liquid scintillation counting. The limit of detection for this
technique using a 50-niinute count and a 10-tnl sample is 0.16 pCi or
16 pcl/1.
The sampling kits are being provided to the various states on a
rotating schedule. This schedule is designed to cover the U.S. within
approximately two years.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
21
-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October
1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, Including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be
Indicative of national trends.
The monitoring program utilizes CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent
dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group
of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field.
The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station
operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.
Results from the period July - September 1983 are shown in Table
13.
22
-------
TABLE 13
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED
EXPOSURE
LOCATION
DATE RANGE
EXPOSURE
RATE
MR
MICRO
R/HR +
AL
MONTGOMERY
70583- 80183
3.9
6.1
4.5
AL
MONTGOMERY
90783-100383
4.0
6.5
7.3
CA
BERKELEY
70583- 80183
3.3
5.0
6.4
CA
BERKELEY
80183- 90783
4 .6
5.1
7.2
CA
BERKELEY
90783- 93083
3.2
5.8
16.8
CO
DENVER
70583- 80283
8.0
11.8
6.3
CO
DENVER
80283- 80683
11.4
13.6
9.7
CO
DENVER
9Gt>83-100383
9.3
14.3
11.4
FL
ORLANDO
70683- 80183
2.8
4.5
9.4
FL
ORLANDO
80183- 90183
4.0
5.4
7.8
FL
ORLANDO
90183-100483
4.6
5.8
16.9
ID
BOISE
71283- 80883
5.8
9.0
12.6
ID
BOISE
80883- 90683
7.3
10.5
11.8
ID
BOISF.
90683-101183
11.5
13.7
4.8
IL
CHICAGO
70883- 80883
5.5
7.3
5.5
IL
CHICAGO
80883- 90883
5.2
7.0
9.0
IL
CHICAGO
90983-100783
4.7
7.0
8.6
ND
BISMARCK
70883- 81083
6.0
7.6
5.8
ND
BISMARCK
81083- 90683
6.4
9.9
11.8
ND
BISMARCK
90683-100583
6.3
9.1
13.6
NJ
TRENTON
71283- 80383
5.0
9.5
8.6
NJ
TRENTON
80383- 91483
9.5
9.4
9.3
NJ
TRENTON
91483-100383
4.5
9.8
8.C
NM
SANTA FE
71983- 81283
7.5
13.1
8.7
NM
SANTA FE
81283- 91283
9.7
13.0
5.5
NM
SANTA FE'
91283-100783
7.7
12.8
12.7
NV
LAS VEGAS
63083- 80183
4.2
5.4
7.6
NV
LAS VEGAS
80183- 90183
4.9
6.6
8.3
NV
LAS VEGAS
90183- 93083
4.2
6.0
11.6
NY
NEW YORK
71183- 80883
4.5
6.8
7.4
NY
NEW YORK
80883- 91483
6.4
7.2
4.9
NY
NEW YORK
91483-101183
6.5
10.0
6.5
OH
COLUMBUS
70183- 80183
4.5
6.0
8.9
OH
COLUMBUS
80183- 90283
5.6
7.2
6.3
OH
COLUMBUS
90283- 93083
4.9
7.3
12.1
OK
OKLAHOMA CITY
70883- 80983
4.6
6.0
6.2
OK
OKLAHOMA CITY
80983- 90983
4.8
6.4
8.1
OK
OKLAHOMA CITY
90983-101483
6.0
7.1
5.1
OR
PORTLAND
71183- 80483
3.8
6.6
5.5
OR
PORTLAND
80483- 90283
4.7
6.8
12.4
PA
HARRISBURG
70183- 72983
3.9
5.9
7.1
PA
HARRISBURG
72983- 90283
5.0
6.0
8.2
PA
HARRISBURG
90283- 93083
4.1
6.1
13.4
PA
PITTSBURGH
70583- 80283
7.1
10.6
6.1
PA
PITTSBURGH
80283- 90683
9.8
11.6
7.6
PA
PITTSBURGH
90683-100383
8.1
12.4
4.1
23
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED
EXPOSURE
LOCATION
DATE RANGE
EXPOSURE
RATE
MR
MICRO
R/HR + :
RI: PROVIDENCE
70783- 80483
6.2
9.3
6.7
RI:PROVIDENCE
80883- 90983
8.0
9.2
7.1
RI: PROVIDENCE
90983-100683
6.1
9.4
8.0
SC:BARNWELL
80583- 90883
6.2
7.6
12.4
SC:BARNWELL
90883-100683
4.9
7.2
6.2
SC: COLUMBIA
70183- 80283
5.1
6.7
15.3
SC:COLUMBIA
80283- 90283
5.9
8.0
6.7
SC:COLUMBIA
90283- 93083
5.4
8.0
9.3
TN.-KNOXVILLE
63083- 80883
7.4
7.9
7.2
TN:KNOXVILLE
80883- 90883
6.5
8.8
36.3
TN:KNOXVILLE
90883- 93083
4.9
9.3
11.5
VA:RICHMOND
70783- 80283
3.7
5.9
4.4
VA:RICHMOND
80283-100383
11.1
7.5
4.7
VT:MONTPELIER
70783- 81283
6.5
7.5
5.1
VT:MONTPELIER
81283- 90683
3.6
6.0
8.7
VT:MONTPELIER
90683-100383
4.4
6.9
6.6
* s =• SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
24
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
Pasteurized Mi^lk
This Is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and
Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug
Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several of the biologically
Important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain
reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canil. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
Thes«? samples are analyzed for lodine-131, barlum-140,
cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontlum-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of
the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontlum-89 and strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, ceslum-137 and potassium are determined
by gamma spectral analysis. Strontlum-89 and strontlum-90 are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has
been chemically separated by ion-exchange.
The values from the pasteurized milk samples for July
September 1983 are shown in Tables 14 - 16.
Strontium values from regional composite samples collected
July - September 1983 are shown in Table 17.
Tritium In Milk
It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for
tritium In the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the
April sample). The EERF Is currently evaluating alternative
analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
25
-------
TABLE 14
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
JULY 1983
DATE
K
137Cs
140
Ba
131 x
LOCATION
COLLECTED
g/l+2s
pC i /1+2 s
pCi/l+2s
pCi/1+2
AL
MONTGOMERY
7/ 7/83
1.62
0.13
-3 7
-1
9
1
AR
LITTLE ROCK
7/11/83
1.59
0.13
1 7
2
9
-1
AZ
PHOENIX
7/ 7/83
1.39
0.13
-1 7
0
9
-1
CA
LOS ANGELES
7/15/83
1.61
0.13
2 7
-5
9
-3
CA
SAN FRANCISCO
7/ 6/83
1.53
0.12
4 7
-2
9
1
CT
HARTFORD
7/11/83
1.54
0.12
1 7
-5
9
-2
DC
WASHINGTON
7/ 1/83
1.66
0.13
2 7
-3
9
-3
FL
TAMPA
7/ 5/83
1.59
0.13
6 7
-1
9
0
GA
ATLANTA
7/ 1/83
1.66
0.24
-2 16
-9
20
-11 1
HI
HONOLULU
7/ 5/83
1.72
0.09
5 5
-6
6
-2
IA
DES MOINES
7/ 5/83
1.54
0.12
5 7
-5
9
-1
ID
IDAHO FALLS
7/27/83
1.58
0.09
-1 5
-4
6
0
IL
CHICAGO
7/ 5/83
1.55
0.12
0 7
-1
9
-2
IN
INDIANAPOLIS
7/ 5/83
1.59
0.13
2 7
-6
9
0
KS
WICHITA
7/12/83
1.46
0.12
-1 7
4
9
0
KY
LOUISVILLE
7/ 5/83
1.57
0.13
0 7
3
9
-2
LA
NEW ORLEANS
7/15/83
1.52
0.12
6 7
-1
9
1
MA
BOSTON
7/ 5/83
1.65
0.13
7 7
-3
9
-1
MD
BALTIMORE
7/ 1/83
1.51
0.12
5 7
0
9
2
ME
PORTLAND
7/ 5/83
1.47
0.12
5 7
2
9
1
MI
DETROIT
7/ 7/83
1.45
0.12
6 7
-2
9
-3
MI
GRAND RAPIDS
7/ 5/83
1.58
0.13
5 7
-3
9
8
MN
MINNEAPOLIS
7/18/83
1.53
0.12
5 7
1
9
0
MN
ST PAUL
7/ 6/83
1.44
0.12
1 7
1
9
2
MO
KANSAS CITY
7/ 7/83
1.56
0.12
0 7
0
9
-2
MO
ST LOUIS
7/ 6/83
1.60
0.09
2 5
0
6
-2
MS
JACKSON
7/ 7/83
1.63
0.13
4 7
5
9
-3
MT
HELENA
7/ 5/83
1.63
0.13
-2 7
-2
9
2
NC
CHARLOTTE
7/ 1/83
1.74
0.24
-3 16
-11
20
3 1
ND
MI NOT
7/11/83
1.69
0.09
-4 5
-2
6
-1
NE
OMAHA
7/11/83
1.33
0.12
1 7
5
9
-2
NH
MANCHESTER
7/11/83
1.59
0.09
5 5
0
6
0
NJ
TRENTON
7/ 7/83
1.63
0.13
0 7
-3
9
-5
NM
ALBUQUERQUE
7/ 5/83
1.51
0.12
3 7
-9
9
-2
NV
LAS VEGAS
7/11/83
1.59
0.24
-16 15
0
20
-6 1
NY
BUFFALO
7/ 5/83
1.69
0.09
1 5
-2
6
-2
NY
NEW YORK CITY
7/11/83
1.56
0.12
2 7
-5
9
4
NY
SYRACUSE
7/ 5/83
1.58
0.12
3 7
-6
9
1
OH
CINCINNATI
7/11/83
1.70
0.13
-3 7
-3
9
-4
OH
CLEVELAND
7/ 6/83
1.43
0.12
3 7
-1
9
-1
OK
OKLAHOMA CITY
7/ 5/83
1.47
0.08
-1 5
-1
6
0
PA
PITTSBURGH
7/ 6/83
1.55
0.12
2 7
1
9
4
PR
SAN JUAN
7/22/83
1.62
0.13
-1 7
-8
9
1
SC
CHARLESTON
7/14/83
1.64
0.24
13 16
6
21
-2 1
26
-------
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
JULY 1983
DATE
K
137
Cs
140
Ba
1^11
LOCATION
COLLECTED
g/l+2s
pCi/l+2s
pCi/l+2s
pCi/l+2s
TN:CHATTANOOGA
7/ 5/83
1.61
0.13
2
7
4
9
-2 7
TN:KN0XVILLE
7/ 5/83
1.68
0.17
-5
11
2
14
-7 10
TN:MEMPHIS
7/27/83
1.52
0.12
6
7
-8
9
-3 7
TX:AUSTIN
7/11/83
1.54
0.12
-3
7
-3
9
-3 7
UTrSALT LAKE CITY
7/ 5/83
1.57
0.12
4
7
-4
9
2 7
VA;NORFOLK
7/18/83
1.66
0.09
1
5
2
6
0 5
VT:BURLINGTON
7/ 5/83
1.54
0.12
1
7
-4
9
3 7
WA:SEATTLE
7/ 1/83
1.52
0.12
-2
7
-1
9
-6 7
WA:SEATTLE
7/29/83
1.42
0.12
I
7
-2
9
2 7
WI:MILWAUKEE
7/ 1/83
1.56
0.09
-1
5
0
6
-3 5
WV:CHARLESTON
7/27/83
1.55
0.12
2
7
-7
9
0 7
WY:LARAMIE
7/11/83
1.58
0.12
0
7
-4
9
1 7
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
27
-------
TABLE 15
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
AUGUST 1983
DATE
K
137cs
140
Ba
131I
LOCATION
COLLECTED
g/l+2s
pC 1 /1+2 6
pC i/1+2 s
pCi/l+2s
AK
ANCHORAGE
8
3/83
1.54
0.12
-3 7
0
9
-4 7
AL
MONTGOMERY
8
5/83
1.60
0.13
3 7
-6
9
0 7
AR
LITTLE ROCK
8
1/83
1.72
0.13
-3 7
-2
9
2 7
AZ
PHOENIX
8
9/83
1.51
0.12
-2 7
0
9
1 7
CA
LOS ANGELES
8
10/83
1.56
0.12
-3 7
2
9
-6 7
CA
SACRAMENTO
8
1/83
1.58
0.13
-1 7
-1
9
0 7
CA
SAN FRANCISCO
8
2/83
1.62
0.13
0 7
-5
9
0 7
CO
DENVER
8
1/83
1.74
0.17
2 11
7
15
-7 10
CT
HARTFORD
8
1/83
1.57
0.12
5 7
0
9
-1 7
DC
WASHINGTON
8
5/83
1.62
0.13
2 7
-1
9
-2 7
FL
TAMPA
8
9/83
1.45
0.12
9 7
0
9
-5 7
GA
ATLANTA
8
5/83
1.55
0.12
1 7
2
9
1 7
HI
HONOLULU
8
2/83
1.73
0.13
4 7
-3
9
2 7
IA
DES MOINES
8
1/83
1.67
0.13
-2 7
-4
9
1 7
ID
IDAHO FALLS
8
15/83
1.65
0.24
2 16
2
20
1 14
IL
CHICAGO
8
2/83
1.60
0.09
-2 5
-2
6
-3 5
IN
INDIANAPOLIS
8
8/83
1.61
0.13
1 7
-6
9
2 7
KS
WICHITA
8
2/83
1.48
0.12
-2 7
0
9
-1 7
KY
LOUISVILLE
8
8/83
1.54
0.12
1 7
3
9
-3 7
LA
NEW ORLEANS
8
4/83
1.55
0.12
3 7
5
9
-3 7
MA
BOSTON
8
9/83
1.65
0.09
4 5
-2
6
-4 5
MD
BALTIMORE
8
5/83
1.62
0.13
1 7
-3
9
-3 7
ME
PORTLAND
8
9/83
1.54
0.12
6 7
-1
9
-1 7
MI
DETROIT
8
11/83
1.60
0.13
2 7
-5
9
0 7
MI
GRAND RAPIDS
8
8/83
1.63
0.24
-4 16
3
20
2 14
MN
MINNEAPOLIS
8
8/83
1.61
0.13
2 7
3
9
-3 7
MN
ST PAUL
8
2/83
1.49
0.12
-4 7
3
9
0 7
MO
KANSAS CITY
8
4/83
1.65
0.09
2 5
-4
6
-5 5
MO
ST LOUIS
8
3/83
1.75
0.13
0 7
-1
9
-1 7
MS
JACKSON
8
8/83
1.64
0.13
-3 7
3
9
-2 7
MT
HELENA
8
2/83
1.52
0.12
2 7
-6
9
-4 7
NC
CHARLOTTE
8
1/83
1.82
0.25
-13 15
-10
20
-5 14
ND
MI NOT
8
1/83
1.59
0.13
3 7
-6
9
0 7
NE
OMAHA
8
5/83
1.37
0.12
-2 7
-7
9
-2 7
NH
MANCHESTER
8
1/83
1.54
0.12
-2 7
-2
9
-3 7
NJ
TRENTON
8
4/83
1.61
0.09
-3 5
-6
6
-2 5
KM
ALBUQUERQUE
8
8/83
1.57
0.12
-2 7
-4
9
0 7
NV
LAS VEGAS
8
1/83
1.67
0.09
0 5
-5
6
0 5
NY
BUFFALO
8
2/83
1.58
0.12
1 7
-5
9
4 7
NY
NEW YORK CITY
8
1/83
1.55
0.12
0 7
-3
9
-2 7
NY
SYRACUSE
8
1/83
1.73
0.13
8 7
1
9
-3 7
OH
CINCINNATI
8
1/83
1.65
0.13
1 7
-4
9
-5 7
OH
CLEVELAND
8
9/83
1.65
0.13
2 7
2
9
-5 7
OK
OKLAHOMA CITY
8
1/83
1.48
0.12
3 7
-2
9
-3 7
28
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
AUGUST 1983
DATE
K
137
Cs
140
Ba
131j
LOCATION
COLLECTED
g/1+2 s
pCi/l+2s
pCi/l+2s
pCl/l+2B
OR:PORTLAND
8/ 9/83
1.53
0.12
0
7
1
9
1 7
PA:PHILADELPHIA
8/ 8/83
1.61
0.13
1
7
2
9
-5 7
PA:PITTSBURGH
8/10/83
1.54
0.12
0
7
-5
9
-2 7
PR:SAN JUAN
8/19/83
1.54
0.12
1
7
0
9
4 7
SC:CHARLESTON
8/ 9/83
1.78
0.18
-4
11
0
14
-6 10
TN:CHATTANOOGA
8/ 1/83
1.58
0.12
1
7
-2
9
-6 7
TN:KNOXVILLE
8/ 2/83
1.79
0.25
1
16
-13
20
-2 14
TN;MEMPHIS
8/25/83
1.51
0.12
-3
7
-3
9
4 7
TX:AUSTIN
8/ 3/83
1.65
0.09
1
5
-8
6
0 5
UTjSALT LAKE CITY
8/ 1/83
1.50
0.12
2
7
1
9
-2 7
VA .-NORFOLK
8/16/83
1.65
0.13
-5
7
-2
9
0 7
VT:BURLINGTON
8/16/83
1.47
0.12
-1
7
8
9
-4 7
WA:SPOKANE
8/ 1/83
1.58
0.08
2
5
-4
6
-4 5
WI:MILWAUKEE
8/ 1/83
1.65
0.13
0
7
-5
9
0 7
WV:CHARLESTON
8/29/83
1.52
0.08
2
5
0
6
0 5
WY ."LARAMIE
8/ 5/83
1.54
0.12
-2
7
4
9
0 7
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
29
-------
TABLE 16
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
SEPTEMBER 1983
DATE
K
137
Cs
140
Ba
131 x
LOCATION
COLLECTED
g/l+2s
pC i/1+2 s
pCi/1+2s
pCi/1+2
AL:MONTGOMERY
9/
m
or
00
1.60
0.13
-5
7
-6
9
-1
AR:LITTLE ROCK
9/
6/83
1.63
0.13
-1
7
-3
9
1
AZ:PHOENIX
9/
7/83
1.61
0.13
-4
7
-6
9
-1
CA: SACRAMENTO
9/
6/83
1.55
0.12
2
7
3
9
2
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
9/
7/83
1.55
0.09
1
5
-6
6
-2
COrDENVER
9/
2/83
1.54
0.12
-1
7
-3
9
0
CTtHARTFORD
9/13/83
1.52
0.12
3
7
-1
9
-2
DC WASHINGTON
9/
2/83
1.65
0.13
2
7
-3
9
4
FL:TAMPA
9/
6/83
1.58
0.09
7
5
7
6
1
GA:ATLANTA
9/
1/83
1.66
0.13
0
7
-5
9
-3
HI:HONOLULU
9/
6/83
1.73
0.13
-1
7
0
9
-1
IA:DES MOINES
9/
6/83
1.57
0.13
-6
7
5
9
-3
ID:IDAHO FALLS
9/14/83
1.73
0.24
-2
14
-1
20
-5 1
IL:CHICAGO
9/
6/83
1.49
0.12
2
7
2
9
4
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
9/
6/83
1.58
0.12
1
7
-5
9
4
KS:WICHITA
9/
8/83
1.65
0.13
7
7
-5
9
2
KY:LOUISVILLE
9/
6/83
1.58
0.12
1
7
-2
9
-1
LA.-NEW ORLEANS
9/
6/83
1.66
0.13
10
7
6
9
-1
MA .-BOSTON
9/13/83
1.58
0.12
5
7
-3
9
-1
MD:BALTIMORE
9/
2/83
1.61
0.09
-4
5
-5
6
-4
ME:PORTLAND
9/
6/83
1.60
0.09
8
5
-3
6
2
MI: DETROIT
9/
8/83
1.66
0.13
-2
7
3
9
-5
MI :GRAND RAPIDS
9/
6/83
1.57
0.12
-1
7
0
9
1
MN MINNEAPOLIS
9/
6/83
1.61
0.13
0
7
-3
9
0
MN:ST PAUL
9/
7/83
1.55
0.12
5
7
-4
9
3
MO:KANSAS CITY
9/
8/83
1.65
0.13
1
7
1
9
3
MO:ST LOUIS
9/
7/83
1.58
0.13
1
7
9
9
0
MS:JACKSON
9/12/83
1.62
0.13
5
7
-8
9
0
MT:HELENA
9/
6/93
1.49
0.12
1
7
-4
9
-2
NC:CHARLOTTE
9/
6/83
1.69
0.23
2
14
5
20
4 1
ND:MINOT
9/19/83
1.51
0.12
-1
7
-3
9
2
NE:OMAHA
9/
9/83
1.51
0.08
0
5
1
6
-4
NH:MANCHESTF1
9/12/83
1.60
0.13
6
7
-4
9
-3
NJ:TRENTON
9/
1/83
1.65
0.13
-1
7
-5
9
1
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
9/
6/83
1.52
0.08
3
5
-2
6
6
NY:BUFFALO
9/12/83
1.62
0.13
-2
7
-1
9
-2
NY:NEW YORK CITY
9/12/83
1.52
0.08
0
5
2
6
-1
NY: SYRACUSE
9/
6/83
1.59
0.13
6
7
3
9
2
OH .-CINCINNATI
9/
6/83
1.62
0.13
4
7
5
9
2
OH.-CLEVELAND
9/
7/83
1.50
0.08
4
0
6
3
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
9/
6/83
1.58
0.12
1
7
1
9
6
PA PHILADELPHIA
9/
6/83
1.56
0.12
-3
7
1
9
-5
PA PITTSBURGH
9/
7/83
1.54
0.12
5
7
2
9
1
PC:CRISTOBAL
9/15/83
1.51
0.12
14
7
-7
9
-3
30
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TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
SEPTEMBER 1983
DATE
K
137Cs
140
Ba
LOCATION
COLLECTED
g/1+2 s
pC1/1+2 s
pCi/1+2 s
PR:SAN JUAN
9/13/83
1.59
0.12
1 7
-7
9
SC: CHARLESTON
9/14/83
1.63
0.13
0 7
1
9
TN:CHATTANOOGA
9/ 6/83
1.49
0.12
4 7
2
9
TN:KNOXVILLE
9/ 6/83
1.54
0.24
-2 16
0
20
TN-.MEMPHIS
9/29/83
1.60
0.13
7 7
2
9
TX:AUSTIN
9/ 6/83
1.54
0.12
4 7
2
9
UT.-SALT LAKE CITY
9/12/83
1.58
0.09
0 5
-4
6
VA:NORFOLK
9/16/83
1.48
0.12
-1 7
-2
9
VT:BURLINGTON
9/ 2/83
1.46
0.12
-2 7
0
9
WA:SEATTLE
9/ 6/83
1.60
0.09
3 5
-2
6
WA: SPOKANE
9/ 5/83
1.58
0.13
3 7
8
9
WI: MILWAUKEE
9/ 1/83
1.52
0.12
1 7
2
9
WV:CHARLESTON
9/27/83
1.60
0.13
0 7
1
9
WY:LARAMIE
9/ 6/83
1.47
0.12
5 7
0
9
131l
pC1/1+2
2
-8
4
7
-3
0
-2
-1
-3
8
3
1
0
2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
31
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TABLE 17
STR0NTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
ANNUAL REPORT
JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983
EPA
90Sr
89S,
LOCATION
pCi/1
+ 2s
pCi/1
AK:ANCHORAGE
8
3/83
1.8
0.7
0
1
AL:MONTGOMERY
7
7/83
1.1
1.0
2
1
AR:LITTLE ROCK
7
11/83
A.3
0.6
2
I
AZ:PHOENIX
7
7/83
0.5
0.1
0
0
CA:LOS ANGELES
7
15/83
1.0
0.3
0
0
CA:SACRAMENTO
8
1/83
1.4
0.4
0
0
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
7
6/83
0.6
0.2
1
0
CO:DENVER
7
1/83
1.4
0.5
1
1
CT:HARTFORD
7
11/83
2.4
0.4
1
0
DC:WASHINGTON
7
1/83
2.5
0.8
0
1
FL:TAMPA
7
5/83
1.4
0.3
0
0
GA:ATLANTA
7
1/83
1.5
0.8
3
1
HI .'HONOLULU
7
5/83
-0.3
l.l
3
1
IA:DES MOINES
7
5/83
2.1
0.5
0
1
ID:IDAHO FALLS
7
27/83
2.2
0.6
-1
1
IL:CHICAGO
7
5/83
2.0
0.3
1
0
IN: INDIANAPOLIS
7
5/83
2.3
0.8
1
1
KS:WICHITA
7
12/83
1.8
1.5
2
2
KY:LOUISVILL'£
7
5/83
3.1
0.2
1
0
LA:NEW ORLEANS
7
15/83
3.2
1.8
1
2
MA .-BOSTON
7
5/83
3.6
0.6
1
1
MD:BALTIMORE
7
1/83
2.5
0.3
0
0
ME:PORTLAND
7
5/83
3.1
0.6
0
1
MI:DETROIT
7
7/83
3.9
0.9
0
1
MI-.GRAND RAPIDS
7
5/83
3.2
0.3
1
0
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
7
18/83
4.1
0.6
1
1
MN:ST. PAUL
7
6/83
3.1
0.6
1
1
MO:KANSAS CITY
7
7/83
3.3
0.4
0
1
MO:ST. LOUIS
7
6/83
2.6
0.4
0
1
MS: JACKSON
7
7/83
4.1
0.7
1
1
MT:HELENA
7
5/83
1.3
0.2
1
0
NC:CHARLOTTE
7
1/83
2.3
0.8
2
1
ND:MINOT
7
11/83
4.1
0.9
0
1
NE:OMAHA
7
11/83
3.0
0.8
0
1
NH:MANCHESTER
7
11/83
3.3
0.7
1
1
NJ:TRENTON
7
7/83
4.3
0.9
-1
1
NM:ALBUQUERQUE
7
5/83
0.8
0.2
1
0
NV:LAS VEGAS
7
11/83
-0.1
0.6
1
1
NY:BUFFALO
7
5/83
2.8
0.6
0
1
NY-.NEW YORK CITY
7
11/83
2.3
0.3
2
0
NY-.SYRACUSE
7
5/83
2.4
1.0
1
1
OH:CINCINNATI
7
11/83
1.9
0.5
0
1
OH:CLEVELAND
7
6/83
1.9
0.8
2
1
32
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TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)
STR0NTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
ANNUAL REPORT
JULY - SEPTEMBER 1983
EPA
90_
Sr
89S,
LOCATION
pCi/1
+ 2s
pCi/1
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
7/ 5/83
1.4
0.4
2
1
OR:PORTLAND
8/ 9/83
1.7
0.7
1
1
PA;PHILADELPHIA
8/ 8/83
3.0
1.4
1
2
PA'.PITTSBURGH
7/ 6/83
3.4
0.8
I
1
PR;SAN JUAN
7/22/83
1.0
0.3
0
0
SC:CHARLESTON
7/14/83
1.0
1.9
2
2
SD:RAPID CITY
7/ 1/83
3.6
0.5
-1
1
TN:CHATTANOOGA
7/ 5/83
3.2
0.5
0
1
TN.-KNOXVILLE
7/ 5/83
3.0
0.9
0
1
TN;MEKPHIS
7/27/83
2.1
0.5
1
1
TX:AUSTIN
7/11/83
-0.5
L.9
2
2
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
7/ 5/83
0.8
0.2
1
0
VA;NORFOLK
7/18/83
1.8
85.0
1
1
VT:BURLINGTON
7/ 5/83
i .7
0.3
1
0
WA:SEATTLE
7/ 1/83
1.9
0.5
0
1
WA:SPOKANE
8/ 1/83
1.7
0.2
0
0
WI:MILWAUKEE
7/ 1/83
1.9
1.3
1
2
WV;CHARLESTON
7/27/83
4.0
0.4
0
1
WY:LARAM1E
7/11/83
2.3
0.3
1
0
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
s* ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
THE COUNTING ERXOR
33
-------
Carbon-14 in Milk
Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution,
contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These
samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.
Data will be published as It becomes available.
34
-------
DATA - STATE AGENCIES
Radiological Health Laboratory
Indiana State Board o^f Health
Indiana Milk Analysis Program
In order to evaluate the fallout on Indiana pasturelands, the
State has implemented a program whereby monthly milk samples from
five geographical areas are sent to the Radiological Health
Laboratory of the State Board of Health. The milk in these samples is
bottled on the same date in all five areas to provide uniform time
from pasture to the lab.
Once in the laboratory, the milk is first analyzed by gamma
spectroscopy for iodine-131, bariun-140, cesium-137, and
potassium-40. A one gallon sample Is analyzed on a 3" x 3" Nal(Tl)
scintillation crystal for 4800 seconds. A background sample of 48,000
seconds is also run. The data are analyzed to give pCi/1 for each
radionuclide.
A quarterly composite sample Is saved and run for strontium-89
and -90 by ion exchange method.
Data will be published as it is received.
35
-------
Radiological Health Division
State Hygienic Laboratory of Iowa
Iowa Water Sampling Program
The radiological Health Division of the State Hygienic
Laboratory of Iowa with the assistance of the State Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) maintains a state-wide water sampling
program of community drinking waters, surface waters and
precipitation. All analyses with the exception of the sequential
Ra-226, -228 analyses are performed according to "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 14th edition. The
sequential analyses for radiums are performed according to the EPA
publication, EPA-600/4-75-008, "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water."
The drinking water samples are collected by DEQ regional
personnel and sent to the State Hygienic Laboratory where they are
preserved with HC1. These waters are analyzed for gross alpha and
gross beta radioactivity as a screening process. Subsequent analyses
for Ra-226, Ra-228, Sr-90 are performed if screening levels are
exceeded. Radium levels are of primary concern in Iowa drinking
waters as those levels are elevated in deep geologic aquifers within
the state.
Surface waters are collected at eleven sites throughout the
state with site selection being determined by proximity upstream and
downstream to nuclear power plants in Iowa or those plants
discharging into rivers which are natural borders with adjoining
states. Gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium are the routine
radionuclide analyses for these samples. Strontium is of interest
when gross beta screening levels are exceeded or if nuclear weapons
testing necessitates monitoring to determine its impact on the
environment.
Data will be published as it is received.
36
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly
(January, April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency's office of Radiation Programs.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution
of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M- Petko
Technical Support Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS
should be directed to:
H. Michael Mardis, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
or to:
Lewis Battist, Chief
Environmental Studies and Statistics
Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Mall East
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
***
-------