v.'Vv	- *2
' -:¦"•¦ 4fe '< 1.5

-------
Contents
Contributors	iv
Abbreviations and Acronyms	v
Executive Summary	vi
I,	Accomplishments	1
A.	Impacts	1
Roadmap Recommendations Incorporated into Strategic Research Action Plans	2
Ongoing Activities across Research Programs	4
Outreach to Partners and Stakeholders	5
Interagency Coordination	6
Emerging Issues and Advisory Committee Recommendations	7
B.	Current list of products and peer-reviewed publications	7
C.	Encouraging Innovation	7
D.	Challenges & Opportunities	8
Cross-Roadmap Interactions	8
Changes in the Broader Scientific and Policy Landscapes and Impact on Research Directions	8
II,	The Year Ahead	9
III,	References	10
iii

-------
Contributors
Andy Miller
Author, Annual Report
Climate Change Research Roadmap Lead
Air, Climate, and Energy Research Program
Contributors to the Climate Change Research Roadmap
Chris Weaver
Climate Change Research Roadmap Lead Author
Office of Research and Development, National
Center for Environmental Assessment
Lisa Bacanskas
Rona Birnbaum
Allison Crimmins
Office of Air and Radiation
Marc Thomas
Office of Land and Emergency Management
Karen Metchis
Jeff Peterson
Office of Water
Ken Mitchell
Region 4
Ben Machol
Region 9
Anne Grambsch
Office of Research and Development, National
Center for Environmental Assessment
Sherri Hunt
Office of Research and Development, National
Center for Environmental Research
Gayle Hagler
Chris Nolte
Tanya Spero
Office of Research and Development, National
Exposure Research Laboratory
Lisa Baxter
Peter Beedlow
Office of Research and Development, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory
Carlos Nunez
Office of Research and Development, National
Risk Management Research Laboratory
Tim Benner
Leila Lackey
Stan Durkee
Office of Research and Development, Office of
Science Policy
Suzanne van Drunick
Office of Research and Development, Safe and
Sustainable Water Research Program
Emily Snyder
Office of Research and Development, Homeland
Security Research Program
iv

-------
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACE
Air, Climate, and Energy research program (ORD)
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
GHG
greenhouse gas
HHRA
Human Health Risk Assessment research program (ORD)
HSRP
Homeland Security Research Program (ORD)
OAR
Office of Air and Radiation (EPA)
ORD
Office of Research and Development (EPA)
OW
Office of Water (EPA)
PACT
Partner Alliance and Coordination Team
SHC
Sustainable and Healthy Communities research program (ORD)
SSWR
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources research program (ORD)
StRAP
Strategic Research Action Plan
USGCRP
U.S. Global Change Research Program
V

-------
Executive Summary
The Climate Change Research Roadmap (Climate Roadmap) Annual Report is a snapshot of some of the
key accomplishments, changes, and challenges that have occurred over the past year. Programmatically,
2016 has been a year of substantial effort to refine and implement the Strategic Research Action Plans
(StRAPs) for the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) six National Research Programs and the
four crosscutting research roadmaps, including the Climate Roadmap. The Climate Roadmap has
undergone a major revision in response to comments from the Board of Scientific Counselors, with the
goal of more effectively highlighting current issues in the context of future challenges. It also was
revised to better describe the numerous and dynamic interactions among our U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) partners in Regional and Headquarters Offices, research colleagues in other
Federal agencies, and our stakeholders across public and private sectors.
This Annual Report describes selected research accomplishments from across ORD's research programs,
which cover a broad range of climate-related research topics of importance to EPA's ability to carry out
its mission of protecting human health and the environment. These accomplishments include research
on the impacts of climate change on human health; studies of the effects of climate change on
watersheds, estuaries, and nearshore environments, with ultimate impacts on water quality and aquatic
ecosystems; expanded understanding of the links between air quality and a changing climate; evaluation
of current and possible future greenhouse gas emissions; and approaches to facilitate local decision-
making on responses to climate change. The most notable of these accomplishments is the publication
of The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States, a product of the U.S. Global
Change Research Program (USGCRP), the key findings of which relied on original ORD research.
The cross-EPA interactions associated with developing the revised StRAPs and roadmaps have
highlighted the expanding opportunities for integration, interaction, and communication among the
research programs, partners, and other agencies on climate change. New venues for interaction,
including the topic-level Partner Alliance and Coordination Teams (PACTs) have been initiated to
complement the existing cross-program PACT and other communication channels.
A significant indicator of the value of these interactions, including the roadmap revision efforts, is that
the recent areas of research emphasis—the climate-health and climate-water quality assessments,
wildland fires and integration of social sciences into that research, and emissions of methane—are all
the product of substantial cross-program, cross-EPA, and cross-Agency interactions and coordination.
The dedication of people from across ORD's research programs and EPA's Headquarters and Regional
Offices in developing these research areas specifically, and the PACTs more broadly, reflects the
commitment across EPA to work in concert to guide, develop, and apply ORD's climate-related research.
While the expanded interactions and communications have led to growing awareness and consideration
of the impacts of climate change across ORD's programs and EPA's activities more broadly, they have
also highlighted the growing need for information on, and understanding of, climate change and
responses to its impacts. The consideration of climate change impacts as an additional stressor in non-
vi

-------
climate research areas has expanded the capability of ORD to meet the growing needs, but an increase
in capacity has not occurred that would allow ORD to meet the growing demand for continuing needs
for research in other areas.
vii

-------
!, Accomplishments
A. II impacts
The past year has been successful for climate research and integration across the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and its Office of Research and Development (ORD). The record of publications
and presentation materials, growing collaboration across research programs, greater interactions with
EPA partner offices, and development of research plans to meet future needs all point to the progress of
the Climate Change research program in 2016. With the issue of climate change receiving greater
national and EPA emphasis, the development of the 2016-2019 Strategic Research Action Plans
(StRAPs), and the cross-Agency discussions on climate research needs and concerns, consideration of
climate change is much more common across ORD's National Research Programs.* In addition, individual
research activities are more integrated than they were immediately following the restructuring of ORD's
research programs. Collaboration on climate change topics by researchers across programs,
Laboratories, and Centers has increased. Initiation of the Partner Alliance and Coordination Teams
(PACTs) has increased the opportunities for cross-Office and cross-Program coordination and
communication, including substantially greater interactions with Regions. ORD is closely involved in key
Agency activities related to emissions measurement, water quality, and benefits of climate policy
actions. Researchers focused on climate change are playing key roles in efforts to integrate social
sciences into studies on the risks of wildfires.
The most visible accomplishment of climate change research was the publication of The Impacts of
Climate Change on Human Health in the United States by the U.S. Global Change Research Program
(USGCRP) [1], Key findings of this assessment relied on original research conducted by ORD, and the
entire effort was aided by substantial ORD and EPA efforts from planning through development, review,
and publication. Fifteen EPA experts were chapter leads or contributing authors, with additional EPA and
ORD staff participating in the assessment's planning and review.
Seventeen research grants totaling more than $4.5 million annually were awarded over the past year
across several research programs on topics ranging from life-cycle costs of water infrastructure
alternatives, including impacts of extreme weather events, to effects of climate change on particulate
matter. These grants are in addition to the $6-miIIion annual funding to support three new Air, Climate,
and Energy (ACE) Research Centers, which are multidisciplinary centers formed to investigate the effects
of climate change, technology, and societal choices on local and regional air quality and health. The
Centers are located at Carnegie-Mellon University, Harvard University, and Yale University. The grants
will enable examination of how changes in emissions, climate, and other factors affect pollution
mixtures, investigation of emerging energy transitions in the United States and factors contributing to
air pollution and health outcomes, and evaluation of a range of technology and policy scenarios for
addressing the Nation's air, climate, and energy challenges at national and regional scales.
* The six programs are: Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE); Chemical Safety for Sustainability (CSS); Human Health Risk Assessment
(HHRA); Homeland Security (HSRP); Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC); and Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
(SSWR).
1

-------
CLIMATE DRIVERS
Poverty,
Occupation,
Racial Discrimination
Underlying Health
Disparities
Poverty; Education;
Social Norms;
Governance;
Social, Health, and
Economic Policy
EXPOSURE PATHWAYS
HEALTH IMPACTS
HEALTH OUTCOMES
People in poorer neighborhoods are
generally more likely to be exposed to
climate change health threats
People with chronic medical conditions
are more likely to have a serious
health problem during a heat wave
than healthy people
People with reduced access to care
and preventative services are more
likely to have a severe health outcome
from their illness
Elements of Vulnerability
[=~ Social Determinants of Health
Examples
Intersection of Social Determinants of Health and Vulnerability, from Chapter 9: Populations of
Concern, in The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific
Assessment [1],
The year also marked the culmination of several years of research on the environmental impacts of
expanded production and use of biofuels. Twelve journal articles were published on emissions and
associated health impacts of biodiesel and ethanol-gasoline blends; a special issue of Inhalation
Toxicology highlighted ORD's work on the potential toxicity of emissions from engines using biofuels [2],
These results have been of substantial interest to EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) as they
evaluate the overall impacts and value of their biofuel policies. Additional research results are expected,
and EPA is proceeding to develop the second triennial Report to Congress on the environmental impacts
of biofuels in 2017. The pace of publication set in 2016, however, will slow considerably as research
priorities change in the coming year in response to changing budgets. Efforts on biofueis have
decreased, with the focus turning to assessing potential impacts of ciimate change and human health.
Finally, discussions with the Board of Scientific Counselors over the course of the year and their
comments on the Climate Roadmap led to a substantial revision of the Roadmap. The process of
developing and reviewing the revised draft and responding to input from across EPA provided an
excellent means of communicating key ideas and perspectives on climate-related research directions.
Roadmap Recommendations Incorporated into Strategic Research Action Plans
The Climate Roadmap emphasized the importance of cooperation across Federal agencies, EPA Offices,
and ORD research programs. This cooperation was critical to USGCRP's successful publication of the
assessment of the health impacts of climate change. OAR was co-lead of the assessment development,
and ORD was essential in conducting new research to evaluate the human health impacts of climate
2

-------
change. The cross-EPA and interagency connections formed as the assessment was developed have
been mutually beneficial: efforts within ORD to evaluate climate change impacts on human health have
increased, focusing on areas that need additional research, and OAR is gaining useful information on the
benefits of their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Similarly, current work to assess the impacts of climate change on water quality began with discussions
between ORD and EPA's Office of Water (OW) to identify critical topics that needed to be addressed.
Following development of OW's National Water Plan, ORD and OW staff met to identify issues and
questions about the impacts of climate change on water quality, which has fostered ongoing dialog on
the key issues, including streamflow, water temperature, nutrients, sediment, pathogens and harmful
algal blooms, sea level rise and saltwater intrusion, and aquatic communities. Experts on these topics
were identified from both Offices to guide and, where appropriate, contribute to the development of
the assessment. OW's participation has been critical in implementing the vision of the assessment,
which is intended to discuss explicitly how scientific understanding can be incorporated into regulatory
actions and policy decision at the State, Tribal, and local levels. Development of the assessment is
continuing, with input from across multiple ORD research programs and OW Offices.
An additional example of cross-EPA activity is the effort to
improve our understanding of methane emissions. ORD and
OAR are working together to ensure research activities are
consistent with OAR's programmatic needs related to air
quality and GHG emissions. Insights from ORD field studies
are helping OAR interpret information on methane emissions
information gathered from industry [3], Expertise on nutrient-
driven processes in temperate water bodies is leading to a
greater understanding of methane emissions from reservoirs,
which is being incorporated into Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change discussions of global
emissions [4], Such efforts are allowing EPA to take a leadership role in interagency actions to improve
inventories of methane emissions and approaches for reducing those emissions.
At the interagency level, ORD researchers are working with researchers from the Department of Energy
on topics ranging from cookstoves to energy technology scenarios and with experts from the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration with climate modeling data for use in developing downscaling
techniques. ORD investigators are working with those from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
to build on the recent assessment of climate change on human health. Others are collaborating with
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and
State agencies to gain a better understanding of methane emissions. These research activities with
interagency connections are but a few examples of the extent to which ORD's researchers interact with
colleagues in other agencies; additional discussions and coordination occur through formal interagency
working groups under USGCRP and other Federal coordinating bodies and through extensive personal
communication networks.
A method for surveillance of fugitive
methane emissions was shown to
perform well when tested against a
limited data set of controlled
methane releases [3],
3

-------
Ongoing Activities across Research Programs
An emerging area of cross-program research is the effort to
incorporate downscaled climate data into hydrology modeling
work. Global and annual projections of climate parameters
(e.g., temperature, precipitation) are computed at spatial and
temporal scales too large for use in hydrology or air pollutant
transport and chemistry models. These projection results are
downscaled using several techniques to estimate
meteorological parameters at scales over time and spatial
resolutions that can be used to evaluate the impacts of
climate change on water and air quality. Downscaling approaches developed within ACE to project
changes in meteorological parameters under different scenarios of climate change [5,6] are being
applied to hydrology modeling research in the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) research
program to understand more fully how climate change might affect water quality.
ORD is conducting research across ACE, SSWR, and the Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC)
research program related to the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Studies of coastal
acidification, increasing water temperatures, and sea level rise [7] are underway, including several
efforts focused on specific issues of concern to Regional Offices. For example, research through the
Regional Applied Research Effort program is addressing ecological health of shellfish in New England
(Region 1) and climate adaptation in the San Juan Bay estuary and enhancement of ribbed mussel
populations in mid-Atlantic salt marshes (both Region 2).
Additional efforts to support adaptation at the community level are illustrated by efforts to develop
resilience indicators, with research from ACE, SHC, and the Homeland Security Research Program
(HSRP), including a demonstration of indicators for the Washington, DC urban area [8], Efforts through
the Regional Applied Research Effort program are incorporating climate change into resiliency planning
in Regions 2 and 6.
Research is ongoing to understand the influences of climate change and health and environmental
effects of wildland fires, which are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude as the climate
changes. Researchers in ACE are studying wildland fire emissions and evaluating health impacts of
exposure to wildfire smoke. Experts in Regional and EPA Headquarters offices are evaluating methods to
account adequately for the effects of fires on air quality compliance decisions [9], The work in ACE is
complemented by efforts in SSWR to increase our understanding of how water quality might be affected
directly by fires and indirectly by runoff from fire-damaged landscapes. These efforts are of interest to
HSRP, the Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) research program, and SHC, given the implications of
fires for emergency response, health, and debris generation and solid waste management.
The recognition that the carbon and nitrogen cycles are interconnected, and both depend on climate
conditions, is the impetus behind research in ACE and SSWR to understand how climate change can
affect nutrient-related water quality issues and nitrogen deposition onto vegetation and land [10,11],
Dynamically downscaled fields may
be more reliable than larger-scale
fields for water resource applications
(e.g., water storage within
reservoirs) [6].
4

-------
Climate-driven impacts on deposition are of interest to HHRA as they develop assessments of the
ecosystem effects of nitrogen.
Research in SSWRto evaluate approaches and benefits of green infrastructure and stormwater
management is closely linked to efforts within ACE to understand the impacts of climate change on
water infrastructure [12]. SSWR, ACE, and SHC also are working in concert to examine the connections
between nutrient management and climate change, including effects on the carbon cycle and emissions
of GHGs. These three programs also contribute research to refine our knowledge of the links between
water and energy, including changes in water demand as energy production technologies are changed
to decrease GHG emissions, impacts of biofuel production on water demand and water quality, and
reduction of GHG emissions from water treatment systems [13,14],
A new version of the Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios tool was completed for public review in
2016 [15]. The update incorporates numerous improvements to the underlying models representing
changes in migration, transportation, and sectoral growth, and is consistent with the global Shared
Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios and Representative Concentration Pathways.
Additional research efforts in ORD are less explicitly crosscutting, but nonetheless influenced by the
development and discussion of the strategic issues addressed in the Roadmap. Research on harmful
algal blooms in SSWR includes evaluating the effects of increasing water temperature. Development of
life-cycle assessment methods and studies of adaptive governance [16] in SHC are relevant to climate
mitigation and adaptation research and are informed by
other climate-related research results across ORD. ACE
research to understand how extreme heat might affect
responses to air pollutant exposures [17,18] has implications
for community response and resilience, a focus of the SHC
research program.
Research within ACE to evaluate the performance of
cookstoves and the potential health impacts of their
emissions is continuing. Several performance test reports on individual stove designs [19] have been
developed based on a testing protocol developed with substantial ORD input and guidance.
Outreach to Partners and Stakeholders
Within EPA, several efforts have been initiated to improve outreach to and coordination with our
partner Offices. PACTs bring together representatives from across EPA to enable exchange of
perspectives on research needs and directions, discussion of research results, and identification of
opportunities for collaboration and integration. The initial PACT meetings related to climate topics were
held in summer 2016 with participants from Regional and Headquarters Offices and ORD National
Research Programs, Laboratories, and Centers. The meetings are scheduled to continue on a monthly or
quarterly basis. The members of the climate-related PACTs are listed in Appendix B.
Increases in ozone because of climate
change result in an increase in
mortality burden. Mortality attributed
to ozone exceeding 40 ppb increases
by 7.7% (1.6-14.2%) [17].
5

-------
In addition to the PACTs focused on climate-related research activities, a cross-EPA advisory groupt has
been initiated by ORD to facilitate monthly EPA program-level discussions on climate research issues.
This group will provide perspectives on LJSGCRP's development of interagency climate change research
priorities (submitted to the Office of Management and Budget to guide Federal research directions) and
discuss intra-Agency strategic research directions for ORD's climate-related research across the National
Research Programs.
Data from ORD's internal Scientific and Technical Information Clearance System are used as a means to
ensure that our partners are informed about the full range of climate-related research activities
underway within ORD. Monthly summaries of climate-related papers, reports, presentations, posters,
and other research products prepared for release outside EPA are provided to the partners to ensure
they are aware of ORD's work products and external presentations. Since the second half of 2014,
partners have received notification of more than 600 research products and have requested additional
information for about 100 of them. Not only do these data provide information on the range of climate-
related research across ORD, they also can provide insights into cross-Program interactions by analyzing
author networks.
Interagency Coordination
ORD has led the efforts to ensure EPA's research needs are communicated to the broader community of
Federal climate research and to link that community's results with users in EPA. ORD staff were part of
the team that developed the triennial update to the USGCRP Strategic Plan that guides the Federal
climate research portfolio and led the cross-EPA review of that update. ORD staff have been closely
involved in the development of the fourth quadrennial National Climate Assessment, including
membership on the Steering Committee. ORD also has worked with other interagency bodies, including
the Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction and the Air Quality Research Subcommittee (both under the
National Science and Technology Council's Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and
Sustainability) to communicate interagency research needs and directions related to climate-driven
changes in extreme weather impacts and wildfires. ORD also participates on an interagency group to
coordinate Federal measurement and monitoring of methane emissions. This effort, which involves
close interaction with OAR, has facilitated our participation in an interagency effort to evaluate the
response to the Aliso Canyon methane leak in California.
ORD has provided input to interagency guidance on climate-related activities, including for the
development of the Interagency Environmental Justice Workgroup's Climate Impacts Subcommittee and
presentation of several climate-focused research efforts in ORD for possible international collaboration
at a White House science summit on the Arctic held in September 2016.
f Group members include Rona Birnbaum, Pat Dolwick, Lisa Bacanska, and Allison Crimmins of OAR; Karen Metchis and Jeff
Peterson of OW; Marc Thomas of OLEM; Ken Mitchell (lead Region representative); Joe Williams and Anne Rea (SSWR); Emily
Snyder (HSRP); Andrew Geller (SHC); John Crowden (CSS); Annie Jarabek (HHRA); Anne Grambsch and Chris Weaver (NCEA);
Sherri Hunt, Vito llacqua, and Darrell Winner (NCER); Gayle Hagler (NERL); Lisa Baxter and Peter Beedlow (NHEERL); and Carlos
Nunez (NRMRL).
6

-------
Emerging Issues and Advisory Committee Recommendations
ORD has made considerable progress in responding to recommendations from advisory committees and
identifying emerging issues related to its climate-related research. Increased emphasis has been placed
on research related to climate change and health, because of both increased awareness of the issue
across ORD and as an outgrowth of the successful cross-EPA and interagency collaborations on the
USGCRP Climate-Health Assessment. We are also taking steps to expand opportunities to integrate
social sciences into climate research, from expanding connections to research on community resilience
and decision-making to discussions of approaches to increase emphasis on valuation and damage
functions as a means to better quantify the benefits of avoided climate impacts.
ORD also led an effort to raise awareness of recent studies
suggesting sea level rise could occur substantially more
rapidly than previously estimated, by identifying this issue
for discussion by an internal, cross-EPA strategic horizon-
scanning effort. The information was presented by the
horizon-scanning group in a briefing to the EPA Deputy
Administrator as one of several issues worthy of further
evaluation and increased awareness across the Agency. A
subgroup of the Cross-EPA Climate Adaptation Working Group, led by EPA's Office of Policy, is being
formed to incorporate updated sea level rise projections into Regional and Headquarters Office
adaptation plans over the coming year.
B.	Current list of products and peer-reviewed publications
Between July 2015 and June 2016,* more than 360 climate-related research products were submitted
for internal review, including journal articles, book chapters, EPA reports, presentations, posters, and
abstracts. During the same period, 62 articles by ORD authors and co-authors related to climate change
were published in peer-reviewed journals, with 52 more submitted for internal review before journal
submission. Over the same period a year earlier, 39 articles were published. The published articles are
listed by topic area in Appendix A.
C.	Encouraging Innovation
We participated in ORD's efforts to develop open-source challenges that seek innovative solutions from
the public to difficult problems or approaches to provide information to the public, using a competition
format to identify the best solutions. An open-source challenge related to climate change was
developed soliciting ways to present community-level comparisons of local temperature, precipitation,
and GHG concentration information to long-term averages and extremes. The information would be
made available at community gathering places such as parks or community centers, with the goal of
informing the public about how their current weather compares to past—and possibly projected—
climate conditions, and how their local GHG concentrations compare to average ambient levels. The
* This period was chosen to reflect the most recent full year of publication data available to meet the Annual Report
development and review schedule.
Antarctica has the potential to
contribute more than a meter of sea-
level rise by 2100, if emissions
continue unabated [23],
7

-------
challenge also seeks to incorporate citizen science opportunities to report local observations of seasonal
plants and animals, which would provide input into databases such as those maintained by the National
Phenology Network. Although this challenge was not selected among those to be presented seeking
public solutions, it has been chosen as an option for inclusion in the broader ORD efforts on sensors.
Ilenges & Opportunities
Crossroadrnap Interactions
Several opportunities have arisen to coordinate climate-related research activities across ORD
roadmaps. Information from the Climate Research Roadmap was incorporated into the discussions of
the Climate Impacts Subcommittee of the Federal Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice.
The goals of the Subcommittee include ensuring vulnerable populations are considered in all agency
activities regarding climate adaptation and providing relevant tools, systems, and policies to
communities and businesses needed to mitigate impacts on natural resources and human health due to
climate change. Both goals involve research coordinated under the Environmental Justice and Climate
Research Roadmaps.
Research to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the nitrogen cycle connects the Climate
Roadmap and the Nitrogen and Co-Pollutant Roadmap. Several research products were developed that
address the interactions between the nitrogen and carbon cycles, including impacts of and on climate
change, and research to gain insight into the potential change in nitrogen emissions as a consequence of
changing energy technologies [20,21], Additional research conducted under the SHC research program
incorporated the impacts of climate change into a multimedia modeling approach to evaluate effects of
nitrogen deposition and runoff on ecosystem services [22],
Interest in and research on the health impacts associated with a changing climate have grown in recent
years, as demonstrated by the development of the USGCRP climate-health assessment. This assessment
included discussions of vulnerable populations, including children. Children's environmental health
issues are further addressed in the Climate Roadmap through the Science to Achieve Results grants
awarded to investigate links between climate change and indoor air quality.
Changes in the Broader Scientific and Policy Landscapes and Impact on Research Directions
Recent studies indicating the potential for a significant increase in the rate of sea level rise resulted in
discussions with OW, OAR, and the Office of Policy on approaches for considering potentially higher sea
levels [23,24] in Agency adaptation plans, should further evaluation of the science so warrant. This topic
was incorporated into internal EPA horizon-scanning efforts, as noted above.
Over the past year, EPA's efforts to take action on climate change have maintained their general
direction and do not indicate a need to change overall research directions significantly. Agency emphasis
on implementing its climate change policies have increased substantially, especially in the Regions,
along with providing the information needed for informing and advancing implementation. For example,
ORD has provided key support in addressing the need for improved understanding of methane
8

-------
emissions sources, including work to develop and evaluate remote sensing methods for methane
sources. ORD is continuing to work with OAR and the Regions to identify opportunities for further
research on methane emissions and to develop coordinated perspectives on research needs that other
agencies can address.
The increased Administration emphasis on climate change has led to a growing demand for information
on the impacts of, and responses to, climate change from across EPA internal partners and external
stakeholders. Because much of this information is developed by climate researchers in other agencies
and institutions, the demand is coupled with a need for guidance on how to evaluate and appropriately
apply the information in the context of EPA activities. This increased demand requires no change in the
overall research direction, but it does affect our ability to address the portfolio of priority research
needs. The growing demand includes research that addresses topics beyond those historically
conducted in ORD research programs, such as in the social sciences.
II, The Year Ahead
Over the coming year, emphasis on several research areas, including wildland fire and social sciences, is
expected to increase. A recent internal workshop was held to discuss programmatic and research
activities across EPA related to these topics, and additional workshops are scheduled to take place in
Region 8 to identify approaches for integrating social sciences into wildland fire research. The
workshops are designed to build connections across EPA to enhance collaboration on wildfires by
drawing on the expertise and perspectives from across Offices and programs. The workshops are also
expected to help evaluate how integration of social sciences can be put into practice and whether that
integration has measurable impacts on outcomes of importance to EPA.
In addition, research focused on links between climate change and health impacts is expected to expand
in the coming year. Potential efforts include evaluating combined exposure to heat and environmental
stressors such as ozone or particulate matter and continuing work to evaluate health impacts of
extreme weather events [25,26], Some of the initial work in the ACE Research Centers under the Science
to Achieve Results program is expected to emphasize climate and health.
Additional progress is anticipated on providing guidance in the selection and application of climate
projection data appropriate for use for particular parameters, such as projected precipitation, in specific
locations. Several efforts are underway within ORD and other agencies to provide information regarding
how to select from the wide range of climate model projection data and scenarios when evaluating the
impacts of climate change in a given location and how to interpret the variability in the projections in
the context of adaptation planning or regulatory requirements.
Sea level rise also is expected to be a topic of concern over the coming year given recent studies that
estimate sea levels to rise more rapidly than recent assessments suggest. Should recent studies warrant
adjustment in sea level rise projections, adaptation plans will need to be reviewed to determine
whether the risks should be reevaluated.
9

-------
Discussions of impact quantification are expected to continue, with a focus on improving the damage
functions associated with various levels of climate change. This work will be increasingly important for
informing estimates of avoided impacts, or benefits, of GHG mitigation options.
Given the 2018 publication date for the fourth National Climate Assessment quadrennial report, ORD
will assist by writing and reviewing assessment chapters, particularly those focused on health, air
quality, and water quality.
Programmatically, the coming year is expected to yield considerable insight into using the PACTs as a
means of interaction between ORD and our partners. As the participants gain experience with this
approach to broad-based and ongoing interaction on the various research topics, the participants from
across ORD and the Agency are anticipated to gain a deeper understanding of the ongoing research and
its needs.
Initial discussions are underway to determine whether additional cross-ORD/partner interaction on
climate research issues is needed, possibly through a face-to-face meeting or workshop. Such an effort
involves substantial investment in time and finances; discussions will continue as venues for interaction,
such as the PACTs, evolve.
Ill, References
1.	USGCRP (2016). The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific
Assessment. Crimmins, A., J. Balbus, J.L. Gamble, C.B. Beard, J.E. Bell, D. Dodgen, R.J. Eisen, N. Fann,
M.D. Hawkins, S.C. Herring, L. Jantarasami, D.M. Mills, S. Saha, M.C. Sarofim, J. Trtanj, and L. Ziska,
Eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 312 pp.
http://dx.doi.ore/10.7930/J0R49NQX.
2.	Inhalation Toxicology (2016). 27(11): 511-612.
3.	Albertson, J.D., T. Harvey, G. Foderaro, P. Zhu, X. Zhou, S. Ferrari, M.S. Amin, M. Modrak, H.
Brantley, and E.D. Thoma (2016). "A mobile sensing approach for regional surveillance of fugitive
methane emissions in oil and gas production." Environmental Science & Technology 50(5): 2487-
2497.
4.	Beaulieu, J., M. McManus, and C. Nietch. "Application of a probabilistic and spatially balanced
survey design to estimate methane emissions from a reservoir." Limnology and Oceanography
(submitted).
5.	Mallard, M., C. Nolte, T. Spero, R. Bullock, K. Alapaty, J. Herwehe, J. Gula, and J. Bowden (2015).
"Technical challenges and solutions in representing lakes when using WRF in downscaling
applications." Geoscientific Model Development 8: 1085-1096. doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1085-2015.
6.	Bowden, J.H., K.D. Talgo, T.L. Spero, and C.G. Nolte (2016). "Assessing the Added Value of Dynamical
Downscaling Using the Standardized Precipitation Index." Advances in Meteorology
7.	Watson, E.B., K. Szura, C. Wigand, K.B. Raposa, K. Blount, and M. Cencer (2016). "Sea level rise,
drought and the decline of Spartina patens in New England marshes." Biological Conservation 196:
173-181.
10

-------
8.	U.S. EPA (2016). Evaluating Urban Resilience to Climate Change: A Multi-Sector Approach (External
Review Draft). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-15/312.
9.	Baker, K.R., M.C. Woody, G.S. Tonnesen, W. Hutzell, H.O.T. Pye, M. Beaver, G. Pouliot, and T. Pierce
(2016). "Contribution of regional-scale fire events to ozone and PM2.5 air quality estimated by
photochemical modeling approaches." Atmospheric Environment,
doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.032.
10.	Clark, C. (2015). "Synthesis of recent advances in critical loads research on impacts from
atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial plant communities," presented at the 2015 Fall
Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December 14-18.
11.	Baublitz, C, B. Henderson, D. Loughlin, C. Nolte, D. Henze, and H. Lee (2016). "Climate strategy
impact on nitrogen deposition in the USA," presented at A&WMA 109th Annual Conference &
Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, June 20-23.
12.	Kaushal, S, W. McDowell, W. Wollheim, T. Newcomer Johnson, P. Mayer, K. Belt, and M. Pennino
(2015). "Urban evolution: The role of water." Water 7(8): 4063-4087.
13.	Cameron, C, W. Yelverton, R. Dodder, and J. West (2014). "Strategic responses to C02 emission
reduction targets drive shift in U.S. electric sector water use." Energy Strategy Reviews 4: 16-27.
14.	Tu, Q, M. Lu, J. Yang, and D. Scott (2015). "Water consumption estimates of biodiesel process in the
US." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18(2): 507-516.
15.	U.S. EPA. Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate
and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) (Version 2) (External Review Draft) (2016). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-14/324.
16.	Eason, T., A. S. Garmestani, C. A. Stow, C. Rojo, M. Alvarez-Cobelas, and H. Cabezas (2016).
"Managing for resilience: an information theory-based approach to assessing ecosystems." Journal
of Applied Ecology 53(3): 656-665.
17.	Wilson, A., B.J. Reich, C.G. Nolte, T.L. Spero, B. Hubbell, and A.G. Rappold (2016). "Climate change
impacts on projections of excess mortality at 2030 using spatially varying ozone-temperature risk
surfaces." Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, doi: 10.1038/jes.2016.14.
18.	Hampel, R., S. Breitner, W. Kraus, E. Hauser, S. Shah, C. Ward-Caviness, R. Devlin, D. Diaz-Sanchez, L.
Neas, W. Cascio, A. Peters, and A. Schneider. "Short-term effects of air temperature on plasma
metabolite concentrations in a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients." Environmental Research
(submitted).
19.	Jetter, J., and S. Ebersviller (2016). Test Report - InStove 60-Liter Institutional Stove with Wood Fuel
- Air Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Efficiency, U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research
Laboratory, March 2016.
20.	Loughlin, D., K. Kaufman , B. Keaveny, and A. Macpherson, "Regional and sectoral marginal
abatement cost curves for NOx incorporating controls, renewable electricity, energy efficiency and
fuel switching," presented at the 14th Annual Community Modeling and Analysis System
Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 5-7.
21.	T.L. Greaver, C.M. Clark, J.E. Compton, D. Vallano, A.F. Talhelm, C.P. Weaver, L.E. Band, J.S. Baron,
E.A. Davidson, C.L. Tague, E. Felker-Quinn, J.A. Lynch, J.D. Herrick, L. Liu, C.L. Goodale, K.J. Novak,
and R.A. Haeuber. "Ecological responses to nitrogen are altered by climate change," Nature Climate
Change 6(9): 836-843.
11

-------
22.	Cooter, E., L. Ran, and J. Bash (2016). "Response of a one-biosphere nutrient modeling system to
regional land use and management change/' presented at the International Society for Ecological
Modelling Global Conference, Baltimore, MD, May 8-12.
23.	DeConto, R.M, and D. Pollard (2016). "Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise,"
Nature 531: 591-597, doi:10.1038/naturel7145.
24.	Hansen, J., M. Sato, P. Hearty, et al. (2016). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from
paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be
dangerous," Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16: 3761-3812.
25.	Crooks, J.L., W.E. Cascio, M.S. Percy, J. Reyes, L.M. Neas and E.D. Hilborn (2016). "The association
between dust storms and daily non-accidental mortality in the United States, 1993-2005."
Environmental Health Perspectives, doi 10.1289/EHP216.
26.	Jagai, J.S., Q. Li, S. Wang, K.P. Messier, T.G. Wade, and E.D. Hilborn (2015). "Extreme precipitation
and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer
systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007." Environmental Health Perspectives 123(9).
12

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1,
2015-June 30, 2016
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
Adaptation
Hughes, S. (2015). "A meta-analysis of urban climate change adaptation planning in the U.S." Urban
Climate 14, Part 1: 17-29.
Air Quality Modeling
Bowden, J.H., K.D. Talgo, T.L. Spero, and C.G. Nolte (2016). "Assessing the added value of dynamical
downscaling using the standardized precipitation index." Advances in Meteorology 2016: 14.
Gan, C.M., J. Pleim, R. Mathur, C. Hogrefe, C.N. Long, J. Xing, D. Wong, R. Gilliam, and C. Wei (2015).
"Assessment of long-term WRF-CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on
radiation 'brightening' in the United States." Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15(21): 12193-12209.
Hogrefe, C., G. Pouliot, J. Xing, J. Flemming, S. Roselle, R. Mathur, and S. Galmarini (2016). Global and
Regional Modeling of Long-Range Transport and Intercontinental Source-Receptor Linkages. Air
Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIV. G.D. Steyn and N. Chaumerliac. Cham, Springer
International Publishing: 245-250.
Seltzer, K.M., C.G. Nolte, T.L. Spero, K.W. Appel, and J. Xing (2016). "Evaluation of near surface ozone
and particulate matter in air quality simulations driven by dynamically downscaled historical
meteorological fields." Atmospheric Environment 138: 42-54.
Spero, T.L., C.G. Nolte, J.H. Bowden, M.S. Mallard, and J.A. Herwehe (2016). "The impact of
incongruous lake temperatures on regional climate extremes downscaled from the CMIP5 Archive
using the WRF Model." Journal of Climate 29(2): 839-853.
Xing, J., R. Mathur, J. Pleim, C. Hogrefe, C.-M. Gan, D.C. Wong, C. Wei, and J. Wang (2015). "Air
pollution and climate response to aerosol direct radiative effects: A modeling study of decadal
trends across the northern hemisphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120(23):
12,221-212,236.
Xing, J., J. Wang, R. Mathur, J. Pleim, S. Wang, C. Hogrefe, C.-M. Gan, D.C. Wong, and J. Hao (2016).
"Unexpected benefits of reducing aerosol cooling effects." Environmental Science & Technology.
Aquatic Ecosystems
Carey, J.C., K.B. Raposa, C. Wigand, and R.S. Warren (2015). "Contrasting decadal-scale changes in
elevation and vegetation in two Long Island Sound salt marshes." Estuaries and Coasts: 1-11.
Druschke, C.G., L.A. Meyerson, and K.C. Hychka (2016). "From restoration to adaptation: the changing
discourse of invasive species management in coastal New England under global environmental
change." Biological Invasions: 1-9.
A-l

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
Aquatic Ecosystems
Hanson, A., R. Johnson, C. Wigand, A. Oczkowski, E. Davey, and E. Markham (2016). "Responses of
Spartina alterniflora to multiple stressors: changing precipitation patterns, accelerated sea level
rise, and nutrient enrichment." Estuaries and Coasts: 1-10.
Oczkowski, A., C.W. Hunt, K. Miller, C. Oviatt, S. Nixon, and L. Smith (2016). "Comparing measures of
estuarine ecosystem production in a temperate New England estuary." Estuaries and Coasts: 1-
18.
Paranjpye, R.N., W.B. Nilsson, M. Liermann, E.D. Hilborn, B.J. George, Q. Li, B.D. Bill, V.L. Trainer, M.S.
Strom, and P.A. Sandifer (2015). "Environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of Vibrio
parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Northwest of the USA." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 91(12).
Shafer, D.J., T.M. Swannack, C. Saltus, J.E. Kaldy, and A. Davis (2015). "Development and validation of a
habitat suitability model for the non-indigenous seagrass Zostera japonica in North America."
Management of Biological Invasions 7.
Watson, E.B., K. Szura, C. Wigand, K.B. Raposa, K. Blount, and M. Cencer (2016). "Sea level rise, drought
and the decline of Spartina patens in New England marshes." Biological Conservation 196: 173-
181.
Biochar
Ducey, T.F., J.M. Novak, and M.G. Johnson (2015). "Effects of biochar blends on microbial community
composition in two coastal plain soils." Agriculture 5(4): 1060-1075.
Novak, J.M., J.A. Ippolito, R.D. Lentz, K.A. Spokas, C.H. Bolster, K. Sistani, K.M. Trippe, C.L. Phillips, and
M.G. Johnson (2016). "Soil health, crop productivity, microbial transport, and mine spoil response
to biochars." BioEnergy Research 9(2): 454-464.
Phillips, C.L., K.M. Trippe, G. Whittaker, S.M. Griffith, M.G. Johnson, and G.M. Banowetz (2016).
"Gasified grass and wood biochars facilitate plant establishment in acid mine soils." Journal of
Environmental Quality 45(3): 1013-1020.
Biofuels
George, I.J., M.D. Hays, J.S. Herrington, W. Preston, R. Snow, J. Faircloth, B.J. George, T. Long, and R.W.
Baldauf (2015). "Effects of cold temperature and ethanol content on VOC emissions from light-
duty gasoline vehicles." Environmental Science & Technology 49(21): 13067-13074.
Tu, Q., M. Lu, Y.J. Yang and D. Scott (2016). "Water consumption estimates of the biodiesel process in
the US." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18(2): 507-516.
A-2

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
Biofuels/Health
Bass, V.L., M.C. Schladweiler, A. Nyska, R.F. Thomas, D.B. Miller, T. Krantz, C. King, M. Ian Gilmour, A.D.
Ledbetter, J.E. Richards, and U.P. Kodavanti (2015). "Comparative cardiopulmonary toxicity of
exhausts from soy-based biofuels and diesel in healthy and hypertensive rats." Inhalation
Toxicology 27(11): 545-556.
Farraj, A.K., N. Haykal-Coates, D.W. Winsett, M.I. Gilmour, C. King, Q.T. Krantz, J. Richards, and M.S.
Hazari (2015). "Comparative electrocardiographic, autonomic and systemic inflammatory
responses to soy biodiesel and petroleum diesel emissions in rats." Inhalation Toxicology 27(11):
564-575.
Hazari, M.S., N. Haykal-Coates, D.W. Winsett, C. King, Q.T. Krantz, M.I. Gilmour, and A.K. Farraj (2015).
"The effects of B0, B20, and B100 soy biodiesel exhaust on aconitine-induced cardiac arrhythmia
in spontaneously hypertensive rats." Inhalation Toxicology 27(11): 557-563.
Herr, D.W., D.L. Freeborn, L. Degn, S.A. Martin, J. Ortenzio, L. Pantlin, C.W. Hamm, and W.K. Boyes
(2016). "Neurophysiological assessment of auditory, peripheral nerve, somatosensory, and visual
system function after developmental exposure to gasoline, E15, and E85 vapors." Neurotoxicology
and Teratology 54: 78-88.
Madden, M.C. (2015). "Comparative toxicity and mutagenicity of soy-biodiesel and petroleum-diesel
emissions: overview of studies from the U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC." Inhalation
Toxicology 27(11): 511-514.
Mutlu, E., D.G. Nash, C. King, T.Q. Krantz, W.T. Preston, I.M. Kooter, M. Higuchi, D. DeMarini, W.P.
Linak, and M.I. Gilmour (2015). "Generation and characterization of diesel engine combustion
emissions from petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel fuels and application for inhalation
exposure studies." Inhalation Toxicology 27(11): 515-532.
Mutlu, E., S.H. Warren, S.M. Ebersviller, I.M. Kooter, J.E. Schmid, J.A. Dye, W.P. Linak, M.I. Gilmour, J.J.
Jetter, M. Higuchi, and D. DeMarini (2016). "Mutagenicity and pollutant emission factors of solid-
fuel cookstoves: Comparison to other combustion sources." Environmental Health Perspectives.
Mutlu, E., S.H. Warren, P.P. Matthews, C. King, L. Walsh, A.D. Kligerman, J.E. Schmid, D. Janek, I.M.
Kooter, W.P. Linak, M.I. Gilmour, and D.M. DeMarini (2015). "Health effects of soy-biodiesel
emissions: mutagenicity-emission factors." Inhalation Toxicology 27(11): 585-596.
Mutlu, E., S.H. Warren, P.P. Matthews, J.E. Schmid, I.M. Kooter, W.P. Linak, M. Ian Gilmour, and D.M.
DeMarini (2015). "Health effects of soy-biodiesel emissions: bioassay-directed fractionation for
mutagenicity." Inhalation Toxicology 27(11): 597-612.
Ross, J.A., G.B. Nelson, E. Mutlu, S.H. Warren, M.I. Gilmour, and D.M. DeMarini (2015). "DNA adducts
induced by in vitro activation of extracts of diesel and biodiesel exhaust particles." Inhalation
Toxicology 27(11): 576-584.
A-3

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
Black Carbon
Holder, A.L., G.S. W. Hagler, J. Aurell, M.D. Hays, and B.K. Gullett (2016). "Particulate matter and black
carbon optical properties and emission factors from prescribed fires in the southeastern United
States." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121(7): 3465-3483.
Decision and Governance
Eason, T., A.S. Garmestani, C.A. Stow, C. Rojo, M. Alvarez-Cobelas, and H. Cabezas (2016). "Managing
for resilience: an information theory-based approach to assessing ecosystems." Journal of Applied
Ecology 53(3): 656-665.
Energy Systems/Technology Assessment
Aitken, M.L., D.H. Loughlin, R.S. Dodder, and W.H. Yelverton (2016). "Economic and environmental
evaluation of coal-and-biomass-to-liquids-and-electricity plants equipped with carbon capture
and storage." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18(2): 573-581.
Gamas, J., R. Dodder, D. Loughlin, and C. Gage (2015). "Role of future scenarios in understanding deep
uncertainty in long-term air quality management." Journal of the Air & Waste Management
Association 65(11): 1327-1340.
Lenox, C., and P.O. Kaplan "Role of natural gas in meeting an electric sector emissions reduction
strategy and effects on greenhouse gas emissions." Energy Economics.
Forests/Ecosystems
Lee, E.H., P.A. Beedlow, R.S. Waschmann, D.T. Tingey, C. Wickham, S. Cline, M. Bollman, and C. Carlile
(2016). "Douglas-fir displays a range of growth responses to temperature, water, and Swiss needle
cast in western Oregon, USA." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 221: 176-188.
Phelan, J., S. Belyazid, P. Jones, J. Cajka, J. Buckley, and C. Clark (2016). "Assessing the effects of climate
change and air pollution on soil properties and plant diversity in sugar maple-beech-yellow birch
hardwood forests in the Northeastern United States: Model simulations from 1900 to 2100."
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 227(3): 1-30.
Voelker, S.L., J.R. Brooks, F.C. Meinzer, R. Anderson, M.K.F. Bader, G. Battipaglia, K.M. Becklin, D.
Beerling, D. Bert, J.L. Betancourt, T.E. Dawson, J.-C. Domec, R.P. Guyette, C. Korner, S.W. Leavitt,
S. Linder, J.D. Marshall, M. Mildner, J. Ogee, I. Panyushkina, H.J. Plumpton, K.S. Pregitzer, M.
Saurer, A.R. Smith, R.T.W. Siegwolf, M.C. Stambaugh, A.F. Talhelm, J.C. Tardif, P.K. Van de Water,
J.K. Ward, and L. Wingate (2016). "A dynamic leaf gas-exchange strategy is conserved in woody
plants under changing ambient C02: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and
C02 enrichment studies." Global Change Biology 22(2): 889-902.
Wickham, J., C.A. Barnes, M.S. Nash, and T.G. Wade (2015). "Combining NLCD and MODIS to create a
land cover-albedo database for the continental United States." Remote Sensing of Environment
170:143-152.
A-4

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
GHG Emissions
Beaulieu, J.J., C.T. Nietch, and J.L. Young (2015). "Controls on nitrous oxide production and
consumption in reservoirs of the Ohio River Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research:
Biogeosciences 120(10): 1995-2010.
Global Warming Potential
Betowski, D., C. Bevington, and T.C. Allison (2016). "Estimation of radiative efficiency of chemicals with
potentially significant global warming potential." Environmental Science & Technology 50(2): 790-
797.
Health
Crooks, J.L., W.E. Cascio, M.S. Percy, J. Reyes, L.M. Neas, and E.D. Hilborn (2016). "The association
between dust storms and daily non-accidental mortality in the United States, 1993-2005."
Environmental Health Perspectives.
Lin, C.J., T.J. Wade, E.A. Sams, A.P. Dufour, A.D. Chapman, and E.D. Hilborn (2016). "A Prospective
study of marine phytoplankton and reported illness among recreational beachgoers in Puerto
Rico, 2009." Environmental Health Perspectives 124(4): 477-483.
Jagai, J.S., Q. Li, S. Wang, K.P. Messier, T.G. Wade, and E.D. Hilborn (2015). "Extreme precipitation and
emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer
systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007." Environmental Health Perspectives
123(9).
Wilson, A., B.J. Reich, C.G. Nolte, T.L. Spero, B. Hubbell, and A.G. Rappold (2016). "Climate change
impacts on projections of excess mortality at 2030 using spatially varying ozone-temperature risk
surfaces." Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.
Methane/Oil & Gas
Albertson, J.D., T. Harvey, G. Foderaro, P. Zhu, X. Zhou, S. Ferrari, M.S. Amin, M. Modrak, H. Brantley,
and E.D. Thoma (2016). "A mobile sensing approach for regional surveillance of fugitive methane
emissions in oil and gas production." Environmental Science & Technology 50(5): 2487-2497.
Eisele, A.P., S. Mukerjee, L.A. Smith, E.D. Thoma, D.A. Whitaker, K.D. Oliver, T. Wu, M. Colon, L. Alston,
T.A. Cousett, M.C. Miller, D.M. Smith, and C. Stallings (2016). "Volatile organic compounds at two
oil and natural gas production well pads in Colorado and Texas using passive samplers." Journal of
the Air & Waste Management Association 66(4): 412-419.
Humayun, M., R. Divan, L. Stan, D. Rosenmann, D. Gosztola, L. Gundel, P.A. Solomon, and I. Paprotny
(2016). "Ubiquitous low-cost functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube sensors for distributed
methane leak detection." IEEE Sensors Journal PP(99): 1-1.
A-5

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
Methane/Oil & Gas
Humayun, M.T., R. Divan, Y. Liu, L. Gundel, P.A. Solomon, and I. Paprotny (2016). "Novel
chemoresistive CH4 sensor with 10 ppm sensitivity based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes
functionalized with Sn02 nanocrystals." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 34(1): 01A131.
Humayun, M.T., R. Divan, L. Stan, A. Gupta, D. Rosenmann, L. Gundel, P.A. Solomon, and I. Paprotny
(2015). "ZnO functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for methane sensing at single
parts per million concentration levels." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 33(6): 06FF01.
Nitrogen
Watersheds/Hydrology
Leibowitz, S.G., R.L. Comeleo, P.J. Wigington, M.H. Weber, E.A. Sproles, and K.A. Sawicz (2016).
"Hydrologic landscape characterization for the Pacific Northwest, USA." JAWRA Journal of the
American Water Resources Association 52(2): 473-493.
McManus, M.G., G.J. Pond, L. Reynolds, and M.B. Griffith (2016). "Multivariate condition assessment of
watersheds with linked micromaps." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
52(2): 494-507.
Ranatunga, T., S.T.Y. Tong, and Y.J. Yang (2016). "An approach to measure parameter sensitivity in
watershed hydrologic modeling." Hydrological Sciences Journal:
doi: 10.1080/02626667.2016.1174335.
Sproles, E.A., S.G. Leibowitz, J.T. Reager, P.J. Wigington Jr., J.S. Famiglietti, and S.D. Patil (2015).
"GRACE storage-runoff hystereses reveal the dynamics of regional watersheds." Hydrol. Earth
Syst. Sci. 19(7): 3253-3272.
Water Infrastructure
Kaushal, S., W. McDowell, W. Wollheim, T. Johnson, P. Mayer, K. Belt, and M. Pennino (2015). "Urban
evolution: the role of water." Water 7(8): 4063.
Xue, X., T. Hawkins, M. Schoen, J. Garland, and N. Ashbolt (2016). "Comparing the life cycle energy
consumption, global warming and eutrophication potentials of several water and waste service
options." Water 8(4): 154.
Water Quality
Imen, S., N.-B. Chang, and Y.J. Yang (2015). "Developing the remote sensing-based early warning
system for monitoring TSS concentrations in Lake Mead." Journal of Environmental Management
160:73-89.
A-6

-------
Appendix A. Climate-Related Journal Publications by Topic, July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016
Wildland Fire
Baker, K.R., M.C. Woody, G.S. Tonnesen, W. Hutzell, H.O.T. Pye, M.R. Beaver, G. Pouliot, and T. Pierce
(2016). "Contribution of regional-scale fire events to ozone and PM2.5 air quality estimated by
photochemical modeling approaches." Atmospheric Environment.
Black, R.R., J. Aurell, A. Holder, I.J. George, B.K. Gullett, M.D. Hays, C.D. Geron, and D. Tabor (2016).
"Characterization of gas and particle emissions from laboratory burns of peat." Atmospheric
Environment 132: 49-57.
George, I.J., R.R. Black, C.D. Geron, J. Aurell, M.D. Hays, W.T. Preston, and B.K. Gullett (2016). "Volatile
and semivolatile organic compounds in laboratory peat fire emissions." Atmospheric Environment
132:163-170.
Tinling, M.A., J.J. West, W.E. Cascio, V. Kilaru, and A.G. Rappold (2016). "Repeating cardiopulmonary
health effects in rural North Carolina population during a second large peat wildfire."
Environmental Health 15(1): 1-12.
Other
Campbell, D.E. (2016). "Emergy baseline for the Earth: A historical review of the science and a new
calculation." Ecological Modelling.
A-7

-------
Appendix B. Members of Climate-Related Partner Alliance and
Coordination Teams
Members: Climate Impacts, Vulnerabilities, and Assessments (CIVA) PACT
ORD
Lisa Baxter, NHEERL
Chris Nolte, NERL
Chris Weaver, NCEA
Peter Beedlow, NHEERL
JeffYang, NRMRL
ACE Facilitators
Britta Bierwagen, NCEA
Rick Greene, SSWR
Andy Miller
Anne Grambsch, NCEA
Marc Russell, SHC
Beth Hassett-Sipple
Regional Offices
Mike Cox, Region 10
Megan Goold, Region 3
Regina Poeske, Region 3
Laura Farris, Region 8
Alyssa Hall, Region 1

Virginia Galinsky, Region 5
Esther Nelson, Region 2

Headquarters Offices
Lisa Bacanskas, OAR
Karen Metchis, OW
Marc Thomas, OLEM
Pat Dolwick, OAR
Mike Moltzen, OAR

Bryan Hubbell, OAR
John Shoaff, OAR


Members: Sustainable Energy and Mitigation (SEM) PACT
ORD
Rebecca Dodder, NRMRL
Carlos Nunez, NRMRL
ACE Facilitators
Sherri Hunt, NCER
Tiffany Yelverton, NRMRL
Andy Miller
Ozge Kaplan, NRMRL

Laurel Schultz
Regional Offices
Bob Drake, Region 10
Kelly Fortin, Region 4
Patrick Miller, Region 8
Headquarters Offices
Roger Fernandez, OAR
Bruce Moore, OAR
Rob Sobocinski, OAR
Alex MacPherson, OAR
John Shoaff, OAR
Phil Zahreddine, OW
Mike Moltzen, OAR


B-l

-------
SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
PRESORTED STANDARD
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA
PERMIT NO. G-35
Office of Research and Development (8101R)
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300

-------