A EPA
United States
Environmental Protection 0fflceofWater epa-821-F-12-004
Agency
4303T	June 2012
Notice of Data Availability Related to the EPA Stated Preference
Survey for Proposed Regulations to Establish Requirements for
Cooling Water Intake Structures
Summary
On April 20, 2011, EPA published a rule
proposing standards for cooling water intake
structures at all existing power generating
facilities and existing manufacturing and
industrial facilities as part of implementing
section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act. EPA has
signed for publication in the Federal Register
this Notice of Data Availability (NODA) to
present a summary of significant data EPA has
received or collected since proposal, a
discussion of how EPA is considering
incorporating these data in revised analyses
supporting the final rule, and a discussion of
possible revisions to the final rule that EPA is
considering that were suggested by the
comments. EPA solicits public comment on the
information presented in this notice and the
record supporting this notice for 30 days upon
publication in the Federal Register.
Purpose of This Notice
This NODA makes available for public review
new data and information obtained since rule
proposal.
As part of the proposal, EPA indicated it was in
the process of developing a stated preference
survey to estimate total willingness to pay
(WTP) for improvements to fishery resources
affected by in-scope 316(b) facilities. The EPA
indicated its intent to issue a NODA pending
survey implementation and data analysis. This
notice presents the new data and preliminary
analysis currently available from the stated
preference survey. Upon completion of the non-
response studies, and scope and validity testing,
a summary of the comments from this notice as
well as EPA's draft benefits analysis will be
independently peer reviewed. Only then would
EPA be able to determine whether the results
would be used in finalizing the rule.
Background
Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act requires
that National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits for facilities with
cooling water intake structures ensure that the
location, design, construction, and capacity of
the structures reflect the best technology
available to minimize harmful impacts on the
environment. The withdrawal of cooling water
by facilities removes billions of aquatic
organisms from waters of the United States each
year, including fish, fish larvae and eggs,
crustaceans, shellfish, sea turtles, marine
mammals, and other aquatic life. Most impacts
are to early life stages of fish and shellfish
through impingement and entrainment.
Under a consent decree with environmental
organizations, EPA divided the section 316(b)
rulemaking into three phases. All new facilities
except offshore oil and gas exploration facilities
were addressed in Phase I in December 2001; all
new offshore oil and gas exploration facilities
were later addressed in June 2006 as part of
Phase III. Existing large electric-generating
facilities were addressed in Phase II in February
2004 and existing small electric-generating and
all manufacturing facilities were addressed in
Phase III in June 2006. However, Phase II and
the existing facility portion of Phase III were
remanded to EPA for reconsideration as a result
of legal proceedings. The April 2011 proposal
combines Phases II and III into one rule, and
provides a holistic approach to protecting
aquatic life impacted by cooling water intakes at
existing electric generating and manufacturing
facilities.

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Any facility not covered by these national rules
will continue to be subject to section 316(b)
requirements set by the EPA, state, or territorial
NPDES Permitting Director on a case-by-case,
best professional judgment basis.
The proposed rule published in April 2011
covers roughly 1,260 existing facilities that each
withdraws at least 2 million gallons per day of
cooling water. EPA estimates that approximately
590 of these facilities are manufacturers, and the
other 670 are power plants.
For More Information
Please contact Erik Helm (helm.erik@epa. gov
or 202-566-1049). You can also learn more
about this rule by visiting EPA's website at:
http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa
/316b/.

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