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ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR®
PortfolioManager™
DataTrends
Energy Use in Retail Stores
Retail Stores
Using Portfolio Manager

41,402 Properties
2.2 Billion ft2
Average
ENERGY STAR Score
The U,S, Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager is
changing the way organizations track and manage energy, Because of this widespread
market adoption, EPA has prepared the DataTrends series to examine benchmarking and
trends in energy and water consumption in Portfolio Manager. To learn more, visit
www.energystar.gov/DataT rends
Benchmarking by State
Number of Retail Buildings
What is a typical operating profile?
Energy use intensity (EUI) ranges from less than 100 to more
than 800 kBtu/ft2 across all retail buildings, with those at the 95th
percentile using more than 3 times the energy of those at the 5th
percentile. The distribution has a negative skew, which means
the most energy intensive buildings are much further away from
the median than the most efficient. Buildings may use more or
less energy for many reasons, including variable equipment
efficiency and energy management practices, as well as
variations in climate and business activities.
Up to 200 buildings
201-500 buildings
501-800 buildings
801-1,500 buildings
More than 1,500 buildings
6,000 -I
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0
Portfolio ManagerMedian = 199 kBtu/ft2
Range of Values
	, Ik	
95th percentile = 343
5th percentile =103
&

v
Source EUI (kBtu/ft2)

The median retail store in Portfolio Manager is approximately
23,000 square feet and operates 91 hours per week. But the
typical building use patterns observed in Portfolio Manager vary
just as much as energy. As you can see, there are retail stores of
all shapes and sizes benchmarking in Portfolio Manager.

Building
Characteristic
5th
percentile
Median
95th
percentile

Square Feet
6,500
23,398
161,783
"OPEN
Operating Hours
65
91
100
Workers per 1000 ft2
0.23
0.55
100
pg
Cash Registers per 1000 ft2
0.16
0.30
0.65
K
/ass®
Computers per 1000 ft2
0.08
0.20
0.88
i
Vfelk-in Refrigeration Units
per 1000 ft2
0.00
0.00
0.09
c
Open/Closed Refrigeration
Cases per 1000 ft2
0.00
0.01
1.02

Heating Degree Days
786
3,844
6,564
&
Cooling Degree Days
280
1,442
3,689
What is Source Energy? Source energy is the amount of raw fuel required to operate your building. In addition to what you use on-
site, source energy includes losses from generation, transmission, and distribution of energy. Source energy enables the most
complete and equitable energy assessment. Learn more at www.enerqvstar.gov/SourceEnerqv

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What characteristics affect
energy use?
How does EPA's ENERGY STAR score
vary with energy use?
Business activity and climate are often correlated with energy
consumption. For example, retail stores that are open longer
hours, have more refrigeration/freezer cases per square foot,
and/or experience more cooling degree days (CDD) use more
energy, on average. The orange trend line in the graphs below is
the steepest for hours, meaning hours has a stronger effect on
energy than refrigeration cases or CDD. While these trends hold
true on average, two buildings with the same hours could have
very different energy, as shown by the range in the blue dots.
Similar trends can be seen for other indicators of business
activity, such as number of workers.
-open" Hours
600
500
400
300
200
100
70 90 110 130
Weekly Operating Hours
pj Refrigeration Cases
EPA's ENERGY STAR score normalizes for the effects of
operation. While buildings with lower EUI generally earn higher
scores on the 1-100 scale, an individual building's result
depends on its business activities. For any given EUI, a range of
scores is possible.
ENERGY STAR Score Range
For any value of EUI,
a range of ENERGY STAR
scores can be expected
v>
QL
Range represents
10th - 90th percentile
values for score
Source EUI (kBtu/ft2)
Let's look at two retail stores, Store A and Store B. They have
the same EUI of 150 kBtu per square foot, and are identical
except that Store B is open longer hours and has more open/
closed refrigeration cases per square foot. Because Store B has
more intensive activities, it is expected to have a higher EUI than
Store A, based on ENERGY STAR scoring models. Since Store
B is expected to use more energy, but actually uses the same
energy, it earns a higher score.
0.0	0.4	0.8	1.2	1.6	2.0
Open and Closed Refrigeration/Freezer Cases per 1000 ft2
Cooling Degree Days
600
500
~ :V' •' '•
• *¦.< '••*«[>-, * *«
i,,: »	,
*** b '*»*.
f	:
•T. :-eif-..'J Id
= 400

o
CO 100
* » - if;
j f
||j{| y.
!.»r *

[
b
Ijjjj li • ei.'

If
[li*
2000	3000	4000
Cooling Degree Days
5000
October 2012
Note: Number and floor area of buildings benchmarked
includes cumulative data through 2011. Analysis of energy
use and business activity includes buildings benchmarked
between 2006 and 2012. The data is self reported and has
been filtered to exclude outliers, incomplete records, and test
facilities. Portfolio Manager is not a randomly selected sample
and is not the basis of the ENERGY STAR score. To learn
more, visit: www. eneravstar. gov/Data Trends.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Hours: 70
Refrigeration
Cases: 0
Expected EUI:
V 189 >
Hours: 90
Refrigeration
Cases: 12

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