ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for
Congregations - Appendices
February 2014
ENERGY STAR® is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program helping organizations and individuals
fight climate change through superior energy efficiency. Leam more at energystar.gov/buildings.
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
Appendix A - Benchmarking your Property with Portfolio Manager8 1
A.l Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Houses of Worship 1
Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection 1
A.2 Getting Started in Portfolio Manager 5
Part 1: Sign Up for a New Portfolio Manager Account, or Log into an Existing One 5
Part 2: Add a Property 5
Part 3: Add Energy Use-Type Information 5
Part 4: Add Energy and Water Data 6
A.3 Portfolio Manager Reports 6
Appendix B - Savings Assessment Worksheets 2 through 11 7
B.l Lighting Worksheets 8
B.l.l How's the Lighting? Conduct a Lighting Assessment 9
Worksheet 2 - Lighting Savings Assessment 12
B.l.2 Efficient Light Sources and Ballasts 13
Worksheet 3 - Incandescent to CFL or LED Savings Assessment 14
Worksheet 4 - T12 Fluorescent to T8 Fluorescent Savings Assessment 15
B.l.3 LED Exit Signs 15
Worksheet 5 - LED Exit Sign Savings Assessment 15
B.l.4 Occupancy/Vacancy Sensors 16
Worksheet 6 - Occupancy/Vacancy Sensor Savings Assessment 17
B.l.5 Daylight Dimmers/Photo Cell Guidance 17
B.l.6 Additional Online Resources for Lighting Equipment 18
B.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 19
B.2.1 Should HVAC Equipment be run to Failure? 19
B.2.2 Applying the Concept 20
B.3 Building Envelope Assessment Guidance 21
B.3.1 Check for Problems with the Building Envelope 21
B.3.2 Check Exterior Walls 22
B.3.3 Check Roof and Attic Spaces 22
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
B.3.4 Check Windows and Shading 23
B.3.5 Check Doors 24
B.3.6 Additional Online Resources for Building Envelope Guidance 24
B.4 Office Equipment Guidance 25
B.4.1 ENERGY STAR Qualified Office Equipment 25
B.4.2 Microsoft Windows Power States 26
B.4.3 Apple / Macintosh Computer Power States 28
B.4.4 Computer Monitor Power States 28
B.4.5 Computer Equipment Assessments 28
Worksheet 7 - Computer Equipment Savings Assessment 29
B.4.6 Office Equipment and Televisions 29
Worksheet 8 - Office Equipment and Televisions Savings Assessment 29
B.4.7 Additional Online Resources for Computer and Office Equipment 30
B.5 Kitchen and Food Service Equipment Worksheets 31
B.5.1 Commercial Food Service Equipment Guidance 31
B.5.2 Refrigerators 32
Worksheet 9 - Refrigerator Savings Assessment 32
B.5.3 Water Coolers 33
Worksheet 10 - Water Cooler Savings Assessment 33
B.5.4 Vending Machines 34
Worksheet 11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment 34
B.5.5 Additional Online Resources for Commercial Food Service Equipment 35
B.5.6 Additional Online Resources for Water Saving Devices 35
B.6 Water Heater Guidance 36
Appendix C - Energy Audits and Professional Assistance 37
C.l What do I need to do for an Energy Audit? 37
C.l.l Different Types of Energy Audits 37
C.l.2 How to Find an Energy Auditor 38
C.l.3 Identifying Volunteer Resources 39
C.2 Pre-Audit and Review Checklist 40
C.3 What to Ask the Energy Auditor to Provide 42
C.3.1 Analysis of Existing Equipment 42
B
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
C.3.2 Guidance for Project Implementation 42
C.3.3 Additional Online Resources 42
Appendix D - Project Financing 43
D.l How to Pay for Upgrades 43
D.l.l Cash or Savings 43
D.1.2 Energy Upgrade Grants 43
D.l.3 Utility Incentives or Rebates 44
D.1.4 Group Purchasing 44
D.l. 5 Loans 44
D.1.6 Equipment Leasing 45
D.l.7 Performance Contracting 45
D.1.8 Factors to Consider when Choosing how to Finance the Project 45
D.1.9 Considering a Utility Bill Audit 46
D.2 Online Financing Resources 47
Appendix E - Working with Contractors 49
E.l Selecting a Contractor by Competitive Bid 49
E.2 Selecting a Contractor by Qualification 50
E.3 Performance Contract: Using an ESCO 50
E.3.1 Negotiating a Contract 51
E.3.2 Managing a Contractor 51
Appendix F - More Online Resources from ENERGY STAR 52
Appendix G - EPA's Food Recovery Challenge 53
¦
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Disclaimer
All energy, water, and monetary savings listed in this document are based upon average savings for end users and
are provided for educational purposes only. Actual savings will vary based on energy, water, and facility use,
national weather data for your locality, energy prices, and other factors. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are
calculated based on emission factors reported to the U.S. EPA by the electric utility provider serving your ZIP
Code. Data referenced in this document is provided by the U.S. EPA and the U.S. DOE's NREL.
The ENERGY STAR Action Workbook for Congregations and the ENERGY STAR Action Workbook for
Congregations - Appendices PDF documents can be found online
at www.energystar.gov/WhiteHouseEnergyStewardship.
iv
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
APPENDIX A - Benchmarking your
Property with Portfolio Manager®
A. 1 Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Houses of Worship
Entering your congregation's energy and water
use data into the free online Portfolio Manager
software will allow your team to track and
measure the property's energy and water use
over time—this is especially helpful as new upgrades are implemented.
Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection
Use Worksheet 1 (Figure A.l-1) to gather your property's energy and water consumption and cost data.
Doing this before creating or logging into your Portfolio Manager account will make it easier to enter the
information into Portfolio Manager.
Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Congregations
General Property Information
Property Name
Year Built
Building Address
City State ZIP
* Occupancy (%)
*Note: Occupancy is defined as the percentage of the space which is occupied and operational. An example of
unoccupied space would be dedicated areas used for storage. Most houses of worship have 100% occupancy.
Contact Information
Collect the following contact information for the person who will be primarily in charge of maintaining
your property's Portfolio Manager account. It is very important for your congregation to maintain
current contact information for the Portfolio Manager account in order to receive updates and other
technical support from ENERGY STAR.
Name (First, Last) Job Title
Email Phone
ENERGY STAR
iNERGY STAR®
PortfolioManager®
¦
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Congregations
Space Type Use Attributes
As you compile space use data for the property, keep the following points in mind:
• Default values supplied by Portfolio Manager can be used for all space use variables with the
exception of gross floor area. Using default values will result in an approximate energy
performance score, but for greater accuracy it is recommended that you collect the actual data
rather than use the default values, if possible. Your property will not be eligible for certification if
you only use default values.
• Your property may contain multiple space types (parking, K-12 school, etc.). However, use
different space types only to define areas that operate differently in terms of energy use and
operating hours.
• Use as few space types as possible. Unnecessarily breaking out the property into multiple
space types does not increase the accuracy of the property's score.
• The aggregate area of distinct space types must add up to the total area within the property
envelope. Do not double-count space in your property.
• If you would like to add other space types, you can find more information on specific property use
details in Portfolio Manager
at: http://www.energvstar.gov/buildings/sites/default/uploads/tools/PropertvUseDetailsandDefini
tion.pdf?d6ff-c542
Worship Facility:
Gross floor area (ft2)
Note: If applicable, the gross floor area of the worship facility should include space used
as: 1) a social meeting hall/ banquet room; 2) classroom space for part time religious
education; and 3) a preschool/daycare center.
Weekly operating hours
Number of weekdays (Monday through Friday) that the property is typically open
Seating capacity (number of seats in the main worship area)
Number of personal computers (PCs)
Presence of cooking facilities (Yes/No)
Number of commercial refrigeration/freezer units
Parking:
Include parking only when lighting for the space is included on the property's electric meter. If it is
separate, do not include this space.
Completely enclosed gross area (ft2; enclosed with a roof and walls)
Partially enclosed gross area (ft2; enclosed with a roof but no walls)
Open parking lot gross area (ft2; no roof or walls)
Weekly hours of access
2
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Congregations
Supplemental heating (Yes/No)
K-12 school, preschools, daycares, or Sunday School areas:
Gross floor area (ft2)
Gymnasium floor area (ft2)
High school (Yes/No)
Number of workers on main shift (usual number of staff members working at once)
Student seating capacity
Months in use (annually)
Open weekends (Yes/No)
Number of PCs
On-site cooking facilities (Yes/No)
Number of walk-in refrigeration/freezer units
Percent of floor area that can be cooled (to the nearest 10 percent)
Percent of floor area that can be heated (to the nearest 10 percent)
School district
Energy Types Used
Before you begin to use Portfolio Manager, identify what types of metered energy your property is
using, and how many meters your property has for each energy source. Check the types of energy used
in your property on the list below:
~ Electricity
Note: Most electricity is purchased from a grid. However, Portfolio Manager also allows you to
track electricity generated on-site using either solar panels or wind turbines.
~ Natural gas
~ Fuel oil
~ District steam
~ Wood
~ Propane
~ Kerosene
~ Diesel
~ Coal
~ District hot water
~ District chilled water
Note: Determine whether district chilled water is from an electric-driven chiller, an absorption
chiller using natural gas, an engine-driven chiller using natural gas, or another kind of chiller.
3
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Congregations
Energy Meters
To use Portfolio Manager's energy tracking capability, identify what types of metered energy your
property is using; how many meters the property has for each energy source; and whether energy from
each source is distributed indoors, outdoors, or both. Check the energy sources for your property from
the list below; identify all energy meters for your property, and specify the space(s) that each meter
serves. Energy meters can include electricity, natural gas, other heating fuels, etc.
Energy Meters
Meter Name
Type of Energy
Space Served
Main Utility Meter
Electricity
Full property
Water Sources (optional)
In addition to tracking energy use, Portfolio Manager has the capacity to track water use at your
congregation's property. Tracking water use will not affect your ENERGY STAR score, but will allow you
to use a single tool to track your property's utility trends. To use Portfolio Manager's water tracking
capability, identify what types of metered water your property is using; how many meters the property
has for each water source; and whether water from each source is distributed indoors, outdoors, or
both. Check the water sources for your property from the list below:
Water Sources Used (Optional)
~ Municipally supplied potable water
~ Municipally supplied reclaimed water
~ Alternative water generated on-site
Water Meters
Meter Name
Type of Energy
Space Served
Main Water Meter
Municipal
Full property
Figure A.1-1. Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection for Houses of Worship
You will need a minimum of 12 consecutive months of utility bill data for each energy type used in the
property in order to benchmark. More than 12 months of energy consumption data are not required,
but more data (ideally 24 months) will help your team to better understand how the property uses
energy.
NOTE: If you can't locate your property's energy and water use bills, contact the utility and water
providers for the monthly use history.
m
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
A. 2 Getting Started in Portfolio AAanager
Now that you have collected your property's data, you're ready to create the Portfolio Manager
account! The following steps will walk you through: 1) signing up for a new account or logging into an
existing one; 2) adding account information; 3) benchmarking with Portfolio Manager; and 4) utilizing
the information collected on Worksheet 1 - Portfolio Manager Data Collection.
For a quick start guide on Portfolio Manager, please see
http://www.energvstar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/portfolio-manager-quick-start-guide.
Part 1: Sign Up for a New Portfolio Manager Account, or Log into an Existing One
Follow the steps below to sign up for a new Portfolio Manager account for your property, or to log into
an existing account.
Step
Action
1
Goto the Portfolio Manager login page (www.eneravstar.aov/benchmark).
If you are a New User:
2.
Click Sign Up in the section labeled "Portfolio Manager Login".
3.
Enter the required information in the boxes such as name and address of the property. Note:
Identify your primary business as "Congregation/Faith-Based Organization".
4.
Click Save Profile to complete your account setup. Continue to Part 2, below, and add a
property to the account.
If you are already a Registered User:
5.
Enter your User Name and Password in the section titled "Portfolio Manager Login" on the
right-hand side of the page, and click Login. Continue to Part 2, below, and add a property to
the account.
Part 2: Add a Property
Follow the steps below to add a property to the Portfolio Manager account.
Step
Action
6.
From the Welcome page, click Add a Properly.
7.
In the "Set up Property" section, select the "Worship Facility" space type category.
8.
Enter the number of properties and the construction status.
9.
Click Get Started. Continue to Part 3, below, and add energy and water data to the account.
Part 3: Add Energy Use-Type Information
Follow the steps below to add energy use type information for the property to the account.
Step
Action
10.
Enter general property information, including the square footage and occupancy and click
continue. Note: Move your mouse cursor over any blue font to view a pop up window of further
details.
11.
Enter information on how the property is used including operating hours, seating capacity,
number of computers, etc. Ensure that the dates in the right hand column are correct.
12.
Click Add Property. At this time you have successfully added a new property.
5
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Part 4: Add Energy and Water Data
Follow the steps below to enter energy and water data from your property's utility bills.
Step
Action
13.
Start on the "Summary" tab - observe the basic characteristics of the property.
14.
To enter your property's energy and water data, click the Meter tab.
15.
Click Add Another Meter.
16.
Select the sources of the property's energy and of its water usage.
17.
Identify the number of meters.
18.
Click Get Started!
19.
Click a meter to enter units and first bill date.
For bulk fuel purchases, check "Enter as Delivery?".
20.
Click Continue.
21.
Click the gray arrow next to each meter to expand the section on the Your Meter Entries page.
22.
Click Add Another Entry under the meter and enter data.
Check "Estimation" jf you are not including measured data for the entry.
23.
Repeat steps for each energy and water meter until data for all meters has been entered.
24.
Click Finish Meter Set Up when you have finished entering information for each meter.
25.
Select the boxes of the meters that total your property's energy and water use on the Meters to
Add to Total Consumption page.
26.
Click Apply Selections.
Congratulations! Now that your account is set up, it will be easy for you to continue tracking your property's
performance monthly with Portfolio Manager!
A. 3 Portfolio Manager Reports
In addition to displaying your property's performance results online, Portfolio Manager can adapt the
data from the account into ready-made reports. These reports will be useful for presenting the results to
your congregation, demonstrating your property's history of energy management to congregational
lenders, or sharing your success with other interested parties. You can generate reports instantly using
your property data, or you can request a Statement of Energy Performance (SEP). For more information
on the Standard Report Templates, see http://www.energvstar.gov/buildings/tools-and-
resources/portfolio-manager-standard-re ports and see the Custom Reporting Guide
at http://www.energvstar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/portfolio-manager-custom-reporting-
guide.
To run reports from Portfolio Manager, click the Reporting tab to view graphs and reports for a property
or account. Click the Charts & Graphs options to instantly see colorful graphs of how the property is
performing. You can print the graphs or download them to incorporate into a presentation or
document. View the Templates & Reports section to see a list of available standard reports, including
Performance Highlights, Energy Performance, and Water Performance. Select Generate New Report
from the Action drop-down menu to create a spreadsheet.
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
For more information on applying for ENERGY STAR Certification,
see http://www.energvstar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/how-applv-energy-star.
Appendix B - Savings Assessment
Worksheets 2 through 11
The worksheets in this appendix will help your team decide which technologies would be most beneficial
to implement for the property as part of your energy efficiency projects. In your decision-making
process, consider both the initial cost of installing the efficient technology or product and its expected
energy cost savings compared to the technologies and products currently in use. When prioritizing the
projects, rank them in terms of energy cost savings relative to initial cost.
The worksheets included in this appendix are:
• #2 - Lighting Savings Assessment
• #3 - Incandescent to compact fluorescent light (CFL) Savings Assessment
• #4 - T12 Fluorescent to T8 Fluorescent Savings Assessment
• #5 - Light Emitting Diode (LED) Exit Sign Savings Assessment
• #6 - Occupancy/Vacancy Savings Assessment
• #7 - Computer Equipment Savings Assessment
• #8 - Office Equipment Savings Assessment
• #9 - Refrigerator Savings Assessment
• #10 - Water Cooler Savings Assessment
• #11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment.
In addition to these worksheets, see the following free online resources for more information:
• ENERGY STAR Products website: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find a product
S Learn more about the ENERGY STAR label
^ Find ENERGY STAR labeled product lists, cost calculators, and other analysis tools.
• Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) Energy Efficient Products
website: http://wwwl.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/procuring eeproducts.html
^ FEMP offers its own recommendations for products not listed under ENERGY STAR
^ Detailed information about performance requirements for energy-efficient products
^ Energy cost calculators
^ Additional resources and analysis tools.
• FEMP Energy Savings Calculators for
appliances: http://wwwl.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eep eccalculators.html
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B. 1 Lighting Worksheets
As shown in Figure B.l-1, lowering the amount of energy your property uses for lighting will reduce the
cost of your electricity bills. Switching from incandescent lamps to more efficient CFL or LED lighting
products will conserve energy. CFLs and LEDs also reduce the energy demanded of the property's
cooling system because they produce less heat than incandescent lamps. Occupancy/vacancy sensors
and daylight dimmers will also reduce energy consumption by automatically turning lights off when they
are not needed.
Bulb Types
(all approx. 800 lumens)
Life
Costs
Year 1
Cost
Annually
Total Costs
over 10
years
Standard
Incandescent
1 yr
Bulb Cost
Energy Cost
$0.50
$8.02
$0.50
$8.02
$5.00
$80.15
60 W
—
Total Cost
$8.52
$8.52
$85.15
Halogen
Incandescent
1yr
Bulb Cost
Energy Cost
$1.50
$5.74
$1.50
$5.74
$15.00
$57.44
43 W
¥
Total Cost
$7.24
$7.24
$72.44
CFL
g
9 yrs
$6.00
$17.37
13 W
f
Total Cost
$4.74
$1.74
$23.37
LED
m
row
23 yrs
$13.00
$13.40
10W
w
Total Cost
$14.34
$1.34
$26.40
Figure B. 1-1: The difference between different types of lighting; courtesy of ENERGY STAR
When examining lighting systems, it is important to understand the power input (watts) and light output
(lumens). Different lamp technologies produce different amounts of lumens per watt. This ratio of
output light (lumens) per input energy (watts) is called lamp efficacy. Incandescent lamps are the least
efficacious, whereas fluorescent lamps have greater efficacies. Within the fluorescent lamp group, there
is a wide range of efficacies. Older T12 lamps with magnetic ballasts have low efficacies, whereas T5 and
T8 lamps with electronic ballasts have very high efficacies - CFLs typically fall somewhere in the middle
of this range.
Use worksheets 2 through 6 that follow to estimate the energy cost savings that will occur if your
congregation switches to more efficient, energy-saving lighting technologies. To avoid confusion, refer
to the key lighting definitions listed in Figure B.l-2.
8
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Key Lighting Definitions
Item
Definition
Ballast
A device that manages the starting and operation of a fluorescent lamp.
Ballast provides different levels of power to the lamps depending on whether
it is starting or running the lamp. Ballasts are also available to work with a
day-lighting control systems. These dimming or stepped ballasts can reduce
power (and light output) automatically when a photo-sensor detects sufficient
light from daylight alone. Dimming ballasts can also provide occupant control
of the luminal res, to allow for different scenes or combinations of light levels
for different tasks.
Can Light
Another name for a luminaire recessed into a ceiling in a can shaped
housing.
Color Rendering Index
(CRI)
A measure of the ability of a light source to render colors accurately
compared to an ideal light source. Higher numbers mean better color
rendition.
Color Temperature
The color of a light source, as it relates to the temperature of a black-body
radiator, expressed in degrees Kelvin (K). Warmer (redder) light sources
have low color temperatures, and cooler (bluer) light sources have higher
color temperatures.
Directional Lamp
A lamp that emits light in a specific direction. Sometimes called parabolic
aluminized reflector (PAR) lamps, reflector lamps or spotlights, these are
typically found on track-mounted luminal res and are used for accenting
features such as artwork.
Illuminance
The amount of light falling on a surface. This is the traditional way to quantify
how well lit a room or a task is. The international standard unit for
illuminance is lux, but many codes and standards in the United States use
the foot-candle (fc). To convert units, 1 fc = 10.76 lux.
Lamp
A device that uses power (usually expressed in watts) and some technology
(incandescent, fluorescent, metal halide, LED, etc.) to produce light.
Light Bulb
See "Lamp"
Light Fixture
See "Lamp"
Light Source
See "Luminaire"
Luminaire
A device that holds one or more lamp(s), provides power to the lamp(s), and
may also have reflector(s) and/or lens(es) to direct light to the task surfaces
and control glare.
Omnidirectional Lamp
A lamp that emits light (nearly) equally in all directions. This is the typical
"light bulb" or "A-lamp" shape, and generally relies on a shade or the
luminaire housing to control the light.
Figure B. 1-2. Key Lighting Definitions
B.1.1 How's the Lighting? Conduct a Lighting Assessment
In order to identify lighting energy efficiency measures and to establish a baseline for the property,
conduct a lighting assessment. This assessment consists of two main tasks: 1) an evaluation of light
levels (illuminance) in the property spaces, and 2) an inventory of the types and quantities of lamps
installed. Measure the amount of illuminance (fc) in your property's spaces throughout the day and
compare your findings to industry recommendations. Taking readings during the day and again at night
will give you an idea of how much daylight is available in the space. This will help you assess the
practicality of installing daylight-responsive lighting controls. Coupling this lighting inventory with an
audit of the installed lighting power densities (LPDs) will give your team a clear picture of how efficient
the property's light sources are. To help you complete these two tasks, you will need the following tools:
9
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
• Illuminance meter (or commonly called light meter)
• Notebook
• Tape measure
• Camera (optional).
Illuminance meters, like the one shown here at the right, can be found at
many online retailers, and can be purchased for less than $50.
It is important to keep a log or a plan of the locations where the lighting measurements are recorded.
This will help you replicate the measurements for both the day and the nighttime recordings. A tape
measure and some simple drawings can work, but a digital camera allows you to capture more
information about the survey and can be useful in reviewing the data afterward.
Conducting a Lighting Assessment
Follow the steps below to conduct a lighting assessment of your property.
Step
Action
1.
Record horizontal illuminance levels (fc) in various spaces within each room using a handheld
light meter, and record your results in Worksheet 2- Lighting Savings Assessment
(Figure B.1-3). When measuring illuminance levels, be sure to:
• Turn on all the electric lights, even for the daytime measurements.
• Hold the illuminance meter steady, and make sure the sensor is horizontal and at the
correct height for the space types listed in the worksheet.
• Wear dark clothing to minimize the effect of reflected light from your clothes on the sensor.
• In general, light level measurements should be taken at 30" above any finished floor. This is
appropriate for offices, classrooms, pulpit, choir, and nave.
• Take hallway, lobby, and other general circulation space measurements at the floor level.
• Take restroom measurements at counter height.
• Take several readings throughout each space, noting the minimum, maximum, and
average light levels for each space.
• Record nighttime and daytime light levels within each space. Take these measurements at
the same location to determine daylight contribution, and note sky conditions (clear, partly
cloudy, cloudy, etc.). This can give you an idea of the daylight saturation in the space to
see if fixture rezoning or daylight sensors are appropriate.
2.
Record the average daytime and nighttime illuminance levels in Worksheet 2.
3.
Next, gather lighting power density (LPD) data about the property. To calculate the LPD for
each room, you will need:
• The number of lamps in the room
• The lamp wattage (W)
• The room area (ft2).
Note: Some light fixtures have multiple lamps, so you need to count the number of lamps per
fixture, not just the number of fixtures. Be sure to account for all lamp types in the room; many
rooms will have multiple luminaire and lamp types.
4.
Enter the lamp and wattage totals determined in Step 3 in the Worksheet; there are three fields
per space type to accept multiple lamp types.
5.
Calculate the LPD for each space in Column E and compare it to the code minimum LPD for
each space type.
10
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Step
Action
6.
If your observed LPD is significantly greater than the code minimum LPD, your light sources
are likely inefficient. See Section B.1.2 - Efficient Light Sources and Ballasts to estimate lamp
energy savings opportunities.
7.
Review the nighttime measured versus recommended illuminance levels for each space. If the
measured light levels are significantly higher than industry recommendations, you may be able
to reduce the number of luminaires, or reduce the wattage of the lamps in the luminaires.
8.
Compare the average nighttime illuminance to the average daytime illuminance in each space.
If the daytime illuminance (WITH electric lights ON) is 50 percent or greater than the nighttime
illuminance, there may be sufficient daylight availability to take advantage of daylight-
responsive lighting controls.
11
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 2 - Lighting Savings Assessment
Worksheet 2 - Lighting Savings Assessment
Space Type
Lamp
Wattage
(W)
B
Total
Wattage
(W)
C = A x B
LPD (W/ft2)
E = (Ci + C2 + C3)/D
Recommended
LPD (W/ft2)
Measured
Illuminance
(fc)
Lobby
0.90
Worship
Pulpit, Choir,
Sacristy
1.53
Private Office
1.11
Classroom
1.24
Kitchen
0.99
Congregation
Seating
1.53
Corridor,
Stair
0.66
Restroom
0.98
Storage
0.63
Electrical/
Mechanical
0.95
Parking Areas
(uncovered)
0.15
Notes:
• Recommended LPDs are from ASHRAE 90.1-2010
• Recommended Illuminance levels from the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Lighting Handbook:,
Tenth Edition
• Illuminance ranges, where given, reflect "dark-horse/meditation" versus "participatory" illuminance targets.
Figure B. 1-3. Worksheet 2 - Lighting Savings Assessment
12
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.1.2 Efficient Light Sources and Ballasts
For this assessment, in addition to the data you gathered for the Lighting assessment on Worksheet 2,
you must determine the information listed in Figure B.l-4, which helps to best determine your
property's needs.
Efficient Light Sources and Ballasts
Item
Value
The estimated daily hours of operation for the lamps
hours/dav
The number of days the property is open per week
days/week
The number of weeks the property is open per year
weeks/year
The number of lamps in the property, categorized by wattage
(use information from the Lighting Assessment Worksheet)
number of lamps
The cost of electricity for the property
$/kWh
Note: You can typically find the wattage of a lamp listed on the lamp itself, by the base of a CFL or
incandescent lamp, or by one end of a linear fluorescent lamp.
Figure B. 1-4. Efficient Lighting Sources 8 Ballasts
When deciding whether to replace
incandescent and low efficacy T12
fluorescent lamps with high-efficacy
fluorescent lamps, keep in mind
that CFLs last 6,000 to 12,000 hours,
and linear T8/T5 lamps last 20,000
to 30,000 hours, whereas most
incandescent lamps last for only
750 to 2,000 hours. Also, high-
efficacy lamps need to be
purchased and changed far less frequently than incandescent lamps, saving maintenance costs and
energy.
Follow the steps, below, to assess the light sources and ballasts used at the property.
Step
Action
1.
Calculate annual hours of operation for lighting at the property based on current use.
This answer will be used to complete Worksheet 3 - Incandescent to CFL Savings Assessment
(Figure B. 1-5) and Worksheet 4 - T12 Fluorescent to T8 Fluorescent Savings Assessment
(Figure B.1-6), found on the following pages.
2.
Using the information from Stepl above, calculate the annual energy cost savings that would
result from replacing incandescent and low efficacy T12 fluorescent lamps with high efficacy
fluorescents on Worksheets 3 and 4.
¦® CAUTION:
13
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 3 - Incandescent to CFL or LED Savings Assessment
Worksheet
3 - Incandescent to CLF Savings Assessment
Current Technology:
Incandescent Lamp
Wattage (W)
Retrofit Technology:
CFL/LED
Wattage (W)
# of
Lamps
Power
Reduction
(W)
Annual
Hours of
Operation
(hour)
Cost of
Electricity
($/kWh)
Annual Energy
Savings (kWh)
Annual
Cost
Savings
($)
A
B
C
D=A - B
E
F
G = CxDxEt 1,000
H = Fx G
25
4
40
9
60
14
75
19
100
23
120
30
150
42
Annual Savings
Figure B. 1-5. Worksheet 3 - Incandescent to CFL or LED Savings Assessment
Your lamp not shown here? Create a custom entry
The kilowatt-hour savings you determined in Worksheet 3 were derived by comparing the lumen output
of each incandescent lamp to that of a comparable CFL/LED replacement. For example, in the form, the
60-watt incandescent lamp is compared to a 14-watt CFL because they produce a similar amount of
lumens. Your team can find this information for your specific case in the lamp manufacturer's hard-copy
or online catalog. Determine the amount of lumens that your specific lamp produces then look up a CFL
replacement that emits the equivalent lumens (note an LED equivalent is 10-watts). The equivalent CFL
wattage will be lower, hence the energy savings. Be sure to use the "design lumens" or "maintained
lumens/' and not the "initial lumens" for the comparison.
In the case of T12 linear fluorescent lamps, the ballasts are often magnetic, as opposed to the much
more efficient electronic ballasts that drive the newer high-efficiency T8 lamps. Worksheet 4 that
follows (Figure B.l-6) provides energy savings information in a slightly different way to account for the
energy savings for both the lamp and ballast.
Identify the number of T12 lamps your property's luminaires have, and fill in the appropriate row on the
worksheet using the data for the 32-watt T8 retrofit lamp.
14
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 4 - T12 Fluorescent to T8 Fluorescent Savings Assessment
Worksheet 4 - T12 Fluorescent to T8 Fluorescent Savings Assessment
Lamps
per
Luminaire
# of
Luminaires
Current Technology:
39W T12 Magnetic
Ballast Luminaire
Power (W)
Retrofit
Technology: 32W
T8 Electronic
Ballast Luminaire
Power (W)
Power
Reduction
(W)
Annual
Hours of
Operation
(hour)
Cost of
Electricity
($/kWh)
Annual
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Cost
Savings
($)
A
B
C
D
E = C-D
F
G
H = Bx Ex
F-r 1,000
1 = G x H
1
44
25
2
74
48
3
118
73
4
148
96
Annual Savings
Note: For this worksheet, a low ballast factor (0.8) for the electronic replacement is assumed. Despite the reduced light output, the
lumen output is still roughly equivalent to the lumen output of the 39-watt T12 with magnetic ballast. Other combinations ofT8
lamps and electronic ballasts can be used to arrive at higher or lower light levels.
Figure B. 1-6. Worksheet 4 -T12 Fluorescent to T8 Fluorescent Savings Assessment
B.1.3 LED Exit Signs
Before completing this assessment, you will need to know the: 1) number of incandescent exit signs in
your property; 2) wattage of one incandescent exit sign; and 3) the cost of electricity for your property
(in $/kWh).
When deciding whether to replace your incandescent exit signs with LEDs, remember that LEDs last for
25,000 hours, whereas incandescent lamps last for only 750 to 2,000 hours. LEDs will also need to be
purchased and changed less frequently than incandescent lamps. There is an initial up-front cost
increase for LEDs, but once installed and running continuously, they last almost three years before
requiring replacement and consume less energy. Use Worksheet 5 (Figure B.l-7) to calculate the annual
energy cost savings that would result from replacing incandescent exit signs with LEDs.
Worksheet 5 - LED Exit Sign Savings Assessment
Worksheet 5 - LED Exit Sign Savings Assessment
Current
Technology:
Incandescent
Exit Sign
Lamp Wattage
(W)
Retrofit
Technology: LED
Exit Sign
Lamp Wattage
(W)
# of
Signs
Power
Reduction
(W)
Annual
Hours of
Operation
(hour)
Cost of
Electricity
($/kWh)
Annual Energy Savings
(kWh)
Annual Cost
Savings ($)
A
B
C
D = A-B
E
F
G = CxDxEt 1,000
H = Fx G
2
8,760
Annual Savings
Figure B. 1-7. Worksheet 5 - LED Exit Sign Savings Assessment
15
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
6.1A Occupancy!Vacancy Sensors
Investing in dual-technology occupancy/vacancy sensors is an excellent way to save money and energy.
These room sensors combine passive infrared and ultrasonic technologies to detect occupants in
different ways. Having two technologies that must agree on occupancy helps eliminate false positives—
where lights turn off when occupants are sitting still or lights turn on when no one is in the space but
papers flutter, etc. Even good equipment can be installed in an incorrect location; they should not be
installed behind a coat rack, door, bookcase, etc. Likewise, it should be located so that neighboring
traffic doesn't inadvertently cause a false trigger. The sensor should be located so that it is only
influenced by occupants actually entering the space the sensor is controlling. Sensor vendors generally
provide a diagram indicating the sensors' "cones of sensitivity" to assist you with proper positioning.
For this assessment, in addition to the data you gathered for Worksheet 2, you need to determine the
information listed in Figure B.l-8.
Occupancy/Vacancy Sensors
Item
Value
The estimated daily hours of operation for your lamps
hours/day
(also determined on Worksheet 1)
The number of days your property is open per week
days/week
The number of weeks your property is open per year
weeks/year
The total wattage of each room in your property (the sum of
all lamp wattages in that room)
total wattaqe each room
(also determined in Worksheet 2)
The cost of electricity for the property
$/kWh
Figure B. 1-8. Occupancy/Vacancy Sensors
Follow the steps, below, to assess the property's occupancy/vacancy sensors. Then complete the
assessment in Worksheet 6 (Figure B.l-9).
Step
Action
1.
Calculate annual hours of operation for lamps in your property based on current use.
This answer will be used on Worksheet 6 - Occupancy/Vacancy Sensor Savings Assessment,
found on the next page.
2.
Calculate the annual energy consumption in each room.
16
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 6 - Occupancy/Vacancy Sensor Savings Assessment
Worksheet 6 - C
)ccupancy/Vacancy Sensor Savings Assessment
Space Type
Total
Wattage
(W)
Annual Hours
of Operation
(Hour)
Annual Energy
Consumption
(kWh)
Occupancy
Sensor
Reduction
Factors
Cost of
Electricity
($/kWh)
Annual Energy
Savings from
Occupancy
Sensors (kWh)
Annual
Cost
Savings
($)
A
B
C = Ax B-r 1,000
D
E
F = Cx D
G = Ex F
Office
.75
Sanctuary,
Classroom
.70
Hallways,
Restrooms,
Storage
.60
Annual Savings
Note: Reduction factors are based on data from the IESNA Lighting Handbook, Tenth Edition (2011).
Figure B. 1-9. Worksheet 6 - Occupancy/Vacancy Sensor Savings Assessment
B.1.5 Daylight Dimmers/Photo Cell Guidance
Day-lighting, or light from outdoors, can be very difficult to accurately characterize and quantify in terms
of energy savings. It can also be difficult to integrate day-lighting into an existing building and control it
properly for maximum energy savings. However, many worship facilities have been designed with day-
lighting in mind, and your property likely has one or more spaces that can benefit from daylight-
responsive lighting controls. If you already have a form of automatic lighting controls, make sure they
are properly calibrated (they may not have been calibrated correctly during installation, or occupants
may have tampered with them). Adjusting these controls and associated sensors will reduce occupant
complaints, maintain safety, and ensure maximum energy savings.
These steps, (along with information from Sections B.l.l - How's the Lighting? Conduct a Lighting
Assessment and B.1.2 - Efficient Light Sources and Ballasts), can help you to get a general sense of the
energy savings potential through day-lighting.
Step
Action
1.
Identify all rooms that receive all or some of their light from windows during the day. The best
way to do this is to perform a lighting assessment of the property and complete Worksheet 2.
Be sure to follow the guidance for taking illuminance measurements provided in the steps for
"Conducting a Lighting Assessment".
2.
Compare the average nighttime illuminance levels to the average daytime illuminance levels
(electric lights ON in both cases) for each day-lit space. The difference between the daytime
illuminance level and the nighttime illuminance level is the daylight illuminance contribution. If
the daylight illuminance contribution is 50 percent or greater than the nighttime illuminance,
there may be sufficient daylight availability to take advantage of daylight dimming.
Note: If you determine there is day-lighting potential (50 percent of illumination from daylight,
as determined above), take additional illuminance measurements to better characterize the
daylight availability. Try to take measurements over time to capture both clear and very cloudy
conditions. Although this is a very crude way of estimating daylight availability, the more
measurements you take, the more accurate the feasibility and savings estimates will be.
17
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Action
Determine daylight contribution for your additional measurements as you did in Step 2.
If you have 50 percent of a daylight contribution to the target illuminance, for 50 percent of the
times you measured, daylight controls are recommended.
4.
Consider breaking your illuminance measurements into zones; one zone close to the perimeter
windows and one further away from the daylight. It may be easier to achieve high daylight
contribution and availability if you split the zones this way.
5.
If the savings are significant, hire an electrician to price and install dimming/switching ballasts,
photocells, and appropriate zone control wiring. Be sure to have them confirm that the photocell
placement is appropriate, and review the cost of controls. If your property is already using
highly efficient light sources, implementing this measure may not be cost effective considering
the payback.
6.1.6 Additional Online Resources for Lighting Equipment
For more information about efficient lighting equipment, see the following websites:
• ENERGY STAR Products: Lighting:
https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=lighting.pr lighting landing
• DOE Commercial Lighting Solutions tool for optimizing your lighting
design: https://www.lightingsolutions.energy.gov/comlighting/login.htm
• Lighting Research Center website on controls: http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/researchAreas/controls.asp
S Information about lighting controls, including photo-sensors
S Information about ongoing lighting control research and product testing.
18
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Many of the improvements discussed in other sections of this appendix can also improve the efficiency
of your property's HVAC system. For example, efficient lighting has less waste heat and can reduce air
conditioning costs; additionally, making sure the property is well insulated will allow the HVAC system to
work less to maintain desired indoor temperatures. Since replacing HVAC systems are often larger
financial decisions, the information below can help your team consider a replacement plan for your
property's system.
6.2.1 Should HVAC Equipment be run to Failure?
All types of equipment have a certain useful lifetime. This lifetime may be extended with regular
maintenance, but at some point the equipment will need to be replaced. Replacement offers an
opportunity to invest in energy efficiency, and can impact energy consumption and costs for years to
come.
Because major HVAC equipment (boilers, air conditioners and air handlers, chillers, etc.) typically has a
long useful life and a major impact on energy consumption, special attention should be paid to this
equipment. Replacement of major HVAC systems is expensive. In the cases of worship facilities,
sometimes a capital campaign must be used to raise money for the new equipment. For these reasons,
it is recommended that this equipment be evaluated periodically to estimate how much useful life it has.
When the equipment is one to two years from the end of its useful life, plans for a replacement should
begin. The difference between running to failure and scheduled replacement are best outlined through
the following scenarios.
• Scenario 1 - Run HVAC system to failure: A worship facility in Minnesota has a boiler that provides
hot water to heat the building. Although the boiler has been well maintained, it is 40 years old. On
one particularly cold night, the boiler stops working entirely. The technician comes and says that it
can't be fixed. Although the building owners and operators knew that the equipment was old, they'd
never really thought about it or planned for this occasion. Now, the congregation is facing a $60,000
dilemma. They must have a new boiler installed right away to keep the worship facility and all its
uses functioning for the rest of the winter. They call the local boiler supplier, which carries a few
models. The models that it usually stocks are not high-efficiency boilers, but they do have a lower
up-front cost, and they're in the warehouse ready for installation. High-efficiency models are
available, but they are more expensive, and aren't stocked in the supplier's warehouse at the
moment. The building owners choose the regular efficiency unit because it is available right away
and is the cheapest. However, the cheapest unit is typically less expensive in terms of upfront costs,
but not in lifetime costs in terms of operation, maintenance, and utility costs. As is often the case for
any product, higher quality may cost more initially, but will outlast and outperform a cheaper
version for life-cycle savings.
• Scenario 2 - Scheduled HVAC replacement: This is the same worship facility as described in
Scenario 1, but this is two years earlier, before the start of the heating season. The building owners
and operators have a boiler technician come every year to tune-up the boiler and let them know
19
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
how it's doing. This year, the technician informs them that the boiler will probably last this year and
one or two more seasons, but past that point it doesn't look good. With this in mind, the
congregation starts a capital campaign to raise money for a new boiler. They start talking to the
boiler supplier about the different options available, and find out that the high-efficiency models are
20 percent more expensive up front, but that over their estimated 40-year lifespan, they take only a
few years for the energy savings to make up for the extra cost. The people looking into this decision
take what they've learned to the other decision makers, and convince them that in the long run, the
high-efficiency unit is a better deal, and will actually save the congregation quite a bit on utility bills
long after the extra cost has been paid for. The congregation raises the money, and after the end of
the second heating season, the staff schedules the replacement with the boiler supplier. The boiler
that they want must be shipped in, which will take two weeks, but the weather is warm, so the
boiler isn't needed. The boiler is installed, tested, and ready for the next heating season well ahead
of time. The congregation is happy that utility bills will be lower for the life of the boiler.
In these two scenarios, the difference is that the second group had the time to sit back, think, and make
a decision that made sense in the long run, rather than being limited by the situation at hand. By
keeping a close eye on the condition of major HVAC equipment, congregations can plan ahead and make
the best decisions possible, which usually mean that equipment is not run to failure.
6.2.2 Apply ins Concept
A major piece of equipment is most likely to fail when it is under the most stress or greatest demand.
Therefore, it is likely to fail at the "worst possible time." Heating equipment is likely to fail on the
"coldest day" and air-conditioning on the "hottest day." Without a planning and replacement strategy in
place, a congregation can either "do without" or jump to a major purchase with too little research and
too few good choices, and be faced with long-term cost implications. Regularly scheduled maintenance
(at least annual or "pre-season") and a replacement plan are the responsible financial stewardship
approach for your property and its vital HVAC equipment.
20
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B. 3 Building Envelope Assessment Guidance
Having a secured building envelope helps maintain the efficiency of your congregation's HVAC system
and the comfort of the property. Recommended building envelope improvements vary based on several
factors, including how the property was built, when it was built, and how it is maintained.
B.3.1 Check for Problems with the Building Envelope
This is a time for your team to consider professional assistance. Follow the steps, below, to identify and
fix weak points in the overall building envelope of your property. You will also get to know the structure
and elements of the building better in the process. Then follow the remaining steps to check for and fix
any problems with the buildings': 1) exterior walls; 2) roof and attic spaces; 3) windows and shading;
and 4) doors.
You may find it helpful to have the items listed in Figure B.3-1 on hand when completing the building
envelope assessments for your property.
Building Envelope Assessment Toolkit
Tape Measure/Ruler
Incense Stick and Lighter
Flashlight
Digital Camera
Ladder
Thermometer
Figure B.3-1. Building Envelope Assessment Toolkit
Follow the steps, below, to identify and fix problems in the overall building envelope of the property.
Step
Action
1.
Collect architectural and construction drawings of the building. Use these resources to
determine the layout of internal zones and the construction of exterior surfaces.
Note: if you do not have these documents for the property, do your best to sketch the internaI
layout and building envelope based on your observations. A simple footprint sketch could be
adequate for your purposes.
2.
Look for noticeable air infiltration in the property and record your observations. Record
temperatures from different points throughout the building to identify less noticeable infiltration
points.
3.
Run either a smoke pencil or a lit incense stick slowly along door jams, window frames, and
vents to determine the level of air flow. This flow is "air infiltration" or the exchange of
unconditioned outside air that your congregation paid to heat or cool. Record locations where
there are drafts or a lot of air movement on your building sketch. You may need to turn on the
air handlers (fans/ventilation) to create air pressure.
4.
Check the interior walls, being sure to record:
• Wall construction and if there is any insulation.
• Wall condition and noticeable infiltration points.
5.
Take a digital photo of all areas of concern.
21
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.3.2 Check Exterior Walls
Follow the steps, below, to check for problems with the property's exterior walls.
Step
Action
1.
Check for and fix air leaks: Unconditioned outside air can add additional heating or cooling
loads to the building. Seal areas of infiltration in walls using caulk or weather stripping to
prevent unconditioned air from entering your building.
2.
Check for and fix rainwater leaks: Wet insulation is not as effective as dry insulation, and
excess moisture in wall cavities can create mold, rot, and structural decay. Mold can be a
serious health hazard for staff and members of your congregation. Fix rain leaks in exterior
walls by repairing poorly installed siding, flashing, weather stripping, or caulking.
3.
Check the insulation: Installing additional insulation in exterior walls is a possible way to reduce
heat gain or loss through the building envelope. However, depending on the construction of the
building, this could be very labor intensive and expensive.
• Use loose-fill insulation for enclosed existing walls and hard to reach places.
• Use rigid fibrous insulation for ducts in unconditioned spaces and other places that can
withstand high temperatures.
• Use spray foam or foamed-in-place insulation for enclosed existing walls.
B.3.3 Check Roof and Attic Spaces
Follow the steps, below, to check for problems with the property's roof and attic spaces.
Step
Action
1.
Check the roof for the following, being sure to record:
• Any water intrusion
• Roof age and warranty.
Roof condition (including signs of leaks, membrane holes, and damaged insulation)
• Roof construction and insulation thickness
• Check attic bypasses.
2.
Check the insulation: A professional energy audit will likely recommend the following as
applicable. After first sealing attic air infiltration, increase attic and roof insulation to reduce heat
transfer through the building envelope; unconditioned outside air can add additional heating or
cooling loads to the building. Seal areas of infiltration in walls using caulk or weather stripping
to prevent unconditioned air from entering your building.
• In an unfinished attic, use loose-fill, sprayed foam, or foamed-in-place insulation.
• In unfinished attic walls and ceilings, use batt or roll insulation.
3.
Check to see if the roof surface needs replacement Research and consider the possibility of
retrofitting the existing roof with a "green" roof or a "cool" roof to reduce heat transfer through
the building envelope. Make sure to have a structural engineer evaluate the building if the new
roof is going to add weight to the building to be sure that its structure is strong enough to carry
the additional weight.
22
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.3.4 Check Windows and Shading
Follow the steps below to check for and fix problems with the property's windows and shading.
Step
Action
1.
Fix leaks: Seal areas of air infiltration, starting with the attic and moving to windows using caulk
or weather stripping to prevent unconditioned air from entering the building.
2.
Check the windows, especially if you are considering replacements, being sure to record:
• Window condition (cracked or broken glass, dry rot, missing caulk, etc., both inside and
outside)
• The window to wall ratio on each facade (the area of the window: the area of wall)
• Window size and dimensions
• Window framing and type of thermal break
• Window type (double paned, single paned, etc.)
• Window operation
• External window shades/overhangs/caulking
• Interior window blinds.
3.
Consider installing new windows: New windows are expensive and may not provide the
savings relative to cost of many other upgrades. However, when it is clear that the building
needs new windows, replace old or single-pane windows with ENERGY STAR qualified
double- or triple-pane glass and an insulating gas. Consider choosing windows with tints, heat
reflective coatings, or laminates to further reduce heat gain. Old and metal window frames
should also be replaced with non-metal insulating frames.
4.
Check interior shading: Venetian blinds and other operable shades are low-cost and effective
solutions for keeping out sunlight in summer months.
5.
Check exterior shading: Overhangs, awnings, shade screens, roller blinds, and vegetation can
provide exterior shading that also reduces the glare from direct sunlight striking glass windows.
Overhangs and awnings can be particularly beneficial because they admit light from the low
winter sun (when sunlight is beneficial for heating and lighting) and tend to block the higher
summer sun (when solar gain is less desirable). Western sun in the summer, especially in hot
climates, can increase the cooling load of the building's HVAC system substantially, so it is a
good idea to focus shading to the western windows first (in warm climates).
6.
Consider installing fiberglass or metal shade screens: These cost-effective applications are
capable of reducing solar heat gain up to 80 percent compared to un-shaded clear glass. A
shade screen is a specially fabricated screen of sheet material with narrow weave or louvers
formed in place to prevent solar radiation from striking a window. The air space between the
exterior shade screen and the window helps carry away heat absorbed by the shade before it
can be transferred through the window.
7.
Consider exterior roller blinds: These are a series of slats, typically horizontally oriented, made
of wood, steel, aluminum, or vinyl. Like interior shades, they can be raised or lowered as
needed to control the amount of sunlight entering a building space. In warm temperatures
during sunny hours, they can be lowered to function as an insulating barrier, limiting incoming
sunlight and reducing heat gain. In cold weather they can be raised to allow desirable heat
gain. Partially rotating the blinds allows some daylight and air to enter between the slats.
However, this shading technique can be expensive, and it alters the exterior appearance of a
building.
8.
Plant a tree: Deciduous trees are very effective at providing shade. During the winter when they
are bare, they allow sunlight to pass through; in summer they leaf out and provide shade. The
best location for deciduous trees is due west of west-facing windows. East, southeast, and
southwest sides of buildings are also good locations. Plant trees within 20 feet of windows and
allow them to grow at least 10 feet higher than the window.
23
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.3.5 Check Doors
Follow the steps, below, to check for and fix problems with the property's doors.
Step
Action
1.
Check for and fix air leaks: Unconditioned air can add additional energy loads to the building's
HVAC system. Seal areas of air infiltration around attic access and doors using caulk, weather
stripping, and door sweeps to prevent unconditioned air from entering the building.
2.
Calibrate automatic doors: If your property has doors that open automatically, set the sensitivity
so that the doors only open when people are actually approaching the doors. This is especially
important if there is a commonly traveled pathway close to the door.
3.
Install revolving doors: One technical option is installing a revolving door to reduce the
exchange of unconditioned and conditioned air. However, this could be an expensive option.
4.
Create an entrance vestibule: A vestibule is two sets of doors separated by a small enclosed
space. The idea of a vestibule is that only one set of doors is open at a time. This reduces the
amount of unconditioned air entering the building.
B.3.6 Additional Online Resources for Building Envelope Guidance
For more information about building envelope components, visit the following websites:
• ENERGY STAR Roof
Products: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find a product.showProductGroup&p
gw code=RO
• ENERGY STAR Sealing and Insulating
Guide: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home sealing.hm improvement sealing
• EPA Indoor Air Quality website: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/
• DOE Cool Roof Calculator: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/facts/CoolCalcEnergy.htm
S This calculator estimates cooling and heating savings for flat roofs with non-black surfaces.
• The Cool Roofs Toolkit: http://www.coolrooftoolkit.org
24
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
B.4 Office Equipment Guidance
When you need new office equipment, always buy ENERGY STAR qualified products for savings and high
performance.
B.4.1 ENERGY STAR Qualified Office Equipment
ENERGY STAR has qualified a growing list of office equipment that includes the following types of
products:
• Desktop and laptop computers
• Cordless phones
• Computer monitors, digital picture frames, and professional signage
• External power adapters (for PDAs, cameras, laptops, etc.)
• Imaging equipment (copiers and fax machines, printers, scanners, etc.)
• Televisions.
The easiest way to measure potential cost savings from investing in ENERGY STAR qualified office
equipment is to use one of the free online ENERGY STAR Microsoft (MS) Excel-based calculators found
at http://www.energystar.gov/products. Use Figure B.4-1 to determine which data you will need to have
ready to use the calculators—an X in the checkbox means you should have this data on hand.
Type of Office Equipment
Quantity
Additional Cost for
ENERGY STAR
Qualified Model
Percent of Units
Turned Off at Night
Percent of Units
With Sleep
Settings/Low Power
Mode Enabled
Imaging Speed
Desktop Computer
Laptop Computer
Computer Monitor
X
X
X
X
~
Copier*
Multifunction Device
Laser Printer*
X
0
~
~
0
Scanner
FAX Machine
Ink Jet Printer
X
~
*Know whether these products are monochrome (black and white) or color
Figure B.4-1. Data needed to use ENERGY STAR MS Excel-based Calculators
For products not listed under ENERGY STAR, FEMP offers its own recommendations.
25
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGYSTAR
Shut Down Windows [xj
Copyright© 1985-2001 *5
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft"
J^/indowsQ
J Professional
Microsoft
What do you want the computer to do?
B.4.2 Microsoft Windows Power States
Microsoft (MS) Windows computers have a variety of power states and default power plans (modes)
that can significantly reduce or optimize a personal computer's (PC's) power use. Creating a custom PC
power plan specific to your needs and use will further optimize power use and energy savings,
Windows XP
As shown in Figure B.4-2, Windows XP has two
primary low-power modes - Stand By and Shut Down.
The advantage of using Stand By as opposed to
shutting down the PC is that it very quickly enters the
low-power state and resumes equally quickly with all
of your programs and documents remaining open,
whereas shutting down and later booting takes
several minutes and does not restore the programs
and documents you had open. The only disadvantage
to Stand By is that if the PC loses power while it is in
Stand By mode, any unsaved work may be lost.
Saving your work before entering Stand By alleviates this concern. Simply locking the computer, logging
off, or enabling a screen saver to come on after a period of inactivity will not reduce energy use - in fact,
the screen saver can even increase energy use.
As shown in Figures B.4-3 and B.4-4, Windows XP comes with numerous power schemes for regulating
your energy use, or you can create your own. You can find them by clicking the Start button, clicking
Control Panel, clicking Performance and Maintenance, and then clicking Power Options. Your options
may vary depending on whether you are using a desktop or laptop computer.
1 Stand by
V
Log off
Shut down
Restart
Stand by
OK
Cancel
Help ]
Figure B.4-2. Windows XP Stand By Option
Power Options Properties
Power Schemes | Advanced Hibernate j' UPS
' this computer Note that changing the settings below will modify
the selected scheme.
Power schemes
[ Save As... | | Delete
Settings for Office (Efficient) power scheme
Turn off monitor
Tum off hard disks:
System standby:
After 5 mins
vl
After 10 mins
11
After 15 mins
m\
OK
Cancel
Figure B.4-3. Windows XP Efficient Desktop
Power Scheme Settings
Pov/er Options Properties
Power Schemes j Alarms Power Meter Advanced Hibernate
Select the power scheme with the most appropriate settings for
this computer. Note that changing the settings below will modify
the selected scheme.
Power schemes
Portable/Laptop (Efficient)
Save As..
Settings for Portable/Laptop (Efficient) power scheme
When computer is: Plugged in ^
Running on
batteries
Turn off monitor:
After 5 mins
H
After 5 mins
"I
Turn off hard disks:
After 10 mins
-1
After 10 mins
"I
System standby:
After 15 mins
After 15 mins
OK
Cancel
Figure B.4-4. Windows XP Efficient Laptop
Power Scheme Settings
26
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
The default power schemes for a desktop computer or a laptop running Windows XP are not particularly
efficient because they do not go into Stand By mode (except when the laptop is unplugged). An effective
and efficient power scheme will turn off the monitor after five minutes, turn off the hard disks after 10
minutes, and put the system into Stand By after 15 minutes of inactivity.
Windows 7
As shown in Figure B.4-5, the two primary low-
power options for Windows 7 are Sleep and
Shut Down. Sleep mode is very similar to
Windows XP's Stand By, with some new
improvements. When you use Sleep on a
desktop computer, by default it saves all of your
running programs and documents to the hard
disk so that in the event of a power failure you
can still resume from where you left off. You still
TurboTax 2012
Canon Solution Menu EX
y All Programs
1 Devices and Printers
Switch user
Default Program
Log off
Lock
Help and Suppo
Restart
Sleep
Hibernate |
search programs and files
Figure B.4-5. Windows 7 Shut Down Menu Options
get the speed benefits and functionality of Stand By mode, with the added benefit of protection from
power loss. Using Sleep on a Windows 7 laptop by default does not save your files to the hard disk,
performing exactly the same as XP's Stand By (because the laptop has a battery, it is far less likely to
completely lose power).
To change the current power plan for a desktop or laptop PC running Windows 7 (Figures B.4-6 and
B.4-7), click the Start button, click Control Panel, click System and Security, and then click Power
Options. Following similar guidelines as above, an efficient power plan will turn off the PC's monitor
after five minutes and put the system to sleep after 15 minutes (and for laptops, dim the display after
two minutes).
i. v « Power Options ~ Edit Plan Settings r | +j I
Change settings for the plan: Balanced
Choose the sleep and display settings that you want your computer to use.
^ Turn off the display: j 5 minutes
% Put the computer to sleep: 15 minutes
Change advanced power settings
Restore default settings for this plan
i Save changes Cancel
Figure B.4-6. Windows 7 Efficient Laptop Power
Options
Upticns ~ Edit ^lan bettincs
Lhange settings for the plan: Balanced
Zhoose the sleep and display settings that vdu wart your zcmoute* to
On battery
Pluqqec
3 3im th; displcy:
Turn off thedspla/:
^ -^ut Hie computer to sleep;
tXrjircr plan hnrjht
range advanced pewsr sewings
riff a u.t spf"ing< forthk plan
[ Save changes | | Can:e |
Figure B.4-7. Windows 7 Efficient Desktop Power
Options
27
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGYSTAR
B.4.3 Apple / Macintosh Computer Power States
As shown in Figure B.4-8, for Apple PCs running Mac OS X, you can optimize the power settings similar
to Windows. Launch System Preferences then click Energy Saver. Unlock the settings if necessary using
your password, then set the computer sleep time to 15 minutes, and the display sleep time to two
minutes.
^ O Energy Saver
Show All j Q,
Computer sleep: «
1 min 15 min 1 hr 3 hrs Never
Display sleep:
1 min 15 min 1 hr 3 hrs Never
0 Put the hard disk(s) to sleep when possible
0 Allow power button to put the computer to sleep
Restore Defaults
^ Schedule... )
i|_4 Click the lock to prevent further changes. fy)
Figure B.4-8. Mac OS X Energy Saver Options
BAA Computer Monitor Power States
When following the desktop computer's recommended energy-
efficient power plan above, monitors should enter their sleep state
shortly after the PC disables the display because of inactivity (five
minutes). Conventional monitors consume an average of 32 watts
when active, and less than 1 watt when asleep. ENERGY STAR
qualified monitors can consume as little as 25 watts and many
models also regulate screen brightness based on ambient light in the
vicinity.
BA.5 Computer Equipment Assessments
Use Worksheet 7 (Figure B.4-9), found on the following page, to determine the savings that can be
realized for your property's PC's.
28
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
Worksheet 7 - Computer Equipment Savings Assessment
Worksheet 7 - Computer Equipment Savings Assessment
Strategy
Quantity in Cost of
Energy Savings Potential (kWh/year) Your Electricity
Building ($/kWh)
Annual
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Cost
Savings ($)
A
B
c
D = A x B
E = C x D
Implement energy-efficient
power plans on all computers
414 kWh/year for every computer
left on 24 hours day
40 kWh/year for every computer
turned off at night
Replace CRT monitor with LCD
monitors
53 kWh/year for every CRT replaced
by LCD (assumes both CRT and LCD
monitors are power managed)
Turn off computer speakers
when not in use
8 kWh/year for each set of computer
speakers that are turned off
Replace desktop computers
with a laptop computers
70 kWh/year for every desktop
computer/LCD monitor replaced with
a laptop computer (assumes all
components are power managed)
Enable the power option
settings on laser printers and
copiers to go into standby after
15 minutes of idle time
100 kWh/year for every laser printer
set to go to sleep after 15 minutes of
idle time
230 kWh/year for every copier set to
go into standby after 15 minutes of
idle time
Annual Savings
Figure B.4-9. Worksheet 7 - Computer Equipment Savings Assessment
B.4.6 Office Equipment and Televisions
Use Worksheet 8 (Figure B.4-10) to determine the savings that can be realized for your property's other
office equipment.
Worksheet 8 - Office Equipment and Televisions Savings Assessment
Worksheet 8 - Office Equipment and Televisions Savings Assessment
Strategy
Energy Savings Potential (kWh/year)
Quantity
in your
Bu ilding
Cost of
Electricity
($/kWh)
Annual
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Cost
Savings ($)
A
B
C
D = Ax B
E = C x D
Remove bottle water coolers
and provide filtered water at
the tap
550 kWh/year for every bottle water
cooler that is removed
Purchase new ENERGY STAR
qualified televisions
40 kWh/year for each ENERGY STAR
qualified television
Annual Savings
Note: This table assumes 10 hours of operation per workday.
Figure B.4-10. Worksheet 8 - Office Equipment £t Televisions Savings Assessment
29
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.4.7 Additional Online Resources for Computer and Office Equipment
For more information about computer and office equipment, visit the following websites:
• ENERGY STAR Certified Products (including Office Equipment)
website: www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find a product, show Prod uctCategorv&pcw c
ode=OEF
S Learn about the types of ENERGY STAR qualified office equipment that are available.
• ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Savings
Calculator: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/bulk purchasing/bpsavings calc/Calc office eq.
xls
S Opens an MS Excel spreadsheet from the ENERGY STAR website. It is also available through
the Products link from the ENERGY STAR homepage.
• ENERGY STAR Low Carbon IT Campaign
website: www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power mgt.pr power mgt low carbon
S A nationwide effort to assist and recognize organizations for reducing the energy consumed
by their information technology equipment.
• FEMP Energy-Efficient Products
website: wwwl.eere.energy.gov/femp/procurement/eep modellang.html
S Helps identify FEMP-recommended energy- and water-efficient products.
30
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B. 5 Kitchen and Food Service Equipment Worksheets
Use the worksheets in this section to estimate the energy cost savings that will occur if you switch from
conventional kitchen and food service equipment, to ENERGY STAR qualified alternatives. The
worksheets in this section include:
• #9 - Refrigerator Savings Assessment
• #10 - Water Cooler Savings Assessment
• #11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment.
6.5.1 Commercial Food Service Equipment Guidance
When you need new commercial food service equipment, always buy ENERGY STAR qualified products,
which use energy more efficiently. Figure B.5-1 lists the types of commercial products covered by the
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products program:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Commercial Food Service Products
Dishwashers
Griddles
Ovens
Freezers
Hot Food Holding Cabinets
Refrigerators
Fryers
Ice Machines
Steam Cookers
Figure B.5-1. ENERGY STAR Qualified Commercial Food Service Products
ENERGY STAR Commercial Kitchen Equipment Calculators
The easiest way to measure potential cost savings from investing in ENERGY STAR qualified commercial
food service equipment is to use the free ENERGY STAR MS Excel-based calculators for commercial
kitchen equipment. You will need the following data points to use the calculators:
• Number of units in your property
• Type of equipment and equipment specifications (specifications needed vary depending on the type
of equipment. Have your user's manual handy.)
• Type(s) of energy used (electric, gas, etc.)
• Rates of utilities used (water, electric, gas, etc.)
• Rate of operation (hours/day, days/year, etc.)
• Difference in cost of a conventional unit versus an ENERGY STAR qualified unit.
Use Worksheet 9 to 11 (Figure B.5-2 to B.5-4) to complete your Refrigerator, Water Cooler, and Vending
Machine Savings Assessments.
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
B.5.2 Refrigerators
Worksheet 9 - Refrigerator Savings Assessment
Worksheet 9 - Refrigerator Savings Assessment
For this assessment you will need to know:
(a) Number of refrigerators in your property
Annual energy consumption of one conventional refrigerator (use table below)
kWh
Conventional
Annual Energy
Refrigerator Type
Consumption (kWh)
Refrigerator-freezer or refrigerator only
(manual or partial-auto defrost)
488
Top-mounted freezer or refrigerator only
(automatic defrost)
543
Side-by-side (automatic defrost)
641
Side-by-side with through-the-door ice
(automatic defrost)
681
Bottom-mounted freezer (automatic defrost)
584
Bottom-mounted freezer with through-the-
door ice (automatic defrost)
675
(c) Annual energy consumption of the same type of ENERGY STAR qualified refrigerator
kWh
ENERGY STAR Qualified
Refrigerator Type
Annual Energy
Consumption (kWh)
Refrigerator-freezer or refrigerator only
(manual or partial-auto defrost)
381
Top-mounted freezer or refrigerator only
(automatic defrost)
423
Side-by-side (automatic defrost)
500
Side-by-side with through-the-door ice
(automatic defrost)
531
Bottom-mounted freezer (automatic defrost)
456
Bottom-mounted freezer with through-the-
door ice (automatic defrost)
526
Cost of electricity for your property (in $/kWh) $_
Calculate the Annual Energy Cost Savings that would result from replacing a conventional refrigerator
with an ENERGY STAR qualified model.
Refrigerator Type
Annual Energy
QTY Consumption $/kWh
Annual Energy Cost
(a)
(b): (c)
(d)
(b) x (d) or(c) x (d)
Conventional Refrigerator (b)
ENERGY STAR Qualified Refrigerator (c)
Difference (Savings)
Figure B.5-2. Worksheet 9 - Refrigerator Savings Assessment
32
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
6.5.3 Water Coolers
Worksheet 10 - Water Cooler Savings Assessment
Worksheet 10 - Water Cooler Savings Assessment
For this assessment you will need to know:
(a) Number of water coolers in your property
(b) Days per year your water cooler operates days/year
(c) Daily energy consumption of one conventional water cooler (use table below) kWh
Conventional
Water Cooler Type
Daily Energy Consumption
(kWh)
ONLY Cold Water
0.29
Both Hot and Cold Water
2.19
(d) Daily energy consumption of one ENERGY STAR qualified water cooler (use table below)
kWh
ENERGY STAR Qualified
Water Cooler Type
Daily Energy
Consumption (kWh)
ONLY Cold Water
0.16
Both Hot and Cold Water
1.2
(e) Cost of electricity for your property (in $/kWh) $
Calculate the Annual Energy Cost Savings that would result from replacing a conventional water cooler
with an ENERGY STAR qualified model.
Water Cooler Type QTY
Days of
Operation
Daily Energy
Consumption
Annual Energy
Consumption
$/kWh
Annual Energy Cost
(a)
(b)
(c): (d)
(b) x (c) or{b) x (d)
(e)
Annual Energy
Consumption x (e)
Conventional Water
Cooler (c)
ENERGY STAR Qualified
Water Cooler (d)
Difference (Savings)
Figure B.5-3. Worksheet 10 - Water Cooler Savings Assessment
33
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.5.4 Vending Machines
Worksheet 11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment
Worksheet 11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment
Annual
Quantity in Cost of Energy Annual
the Electricity Savings Cost
Strategy Energy Savings Potential (kWh/year) Building ($/kWh) (kWh) Savings ($)
B
—
D = A x B
Choose an ENERGY
STAR qualified 400-
can vending machine
1,700 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine with software
1,100 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine
600 kWh/year for every ENERGY STAR qualified
vending machine that is replaced with an
ENERGY STAR qualified machine with software
Choose an ENERGY
STAR qualified 500-
can vending machine
2,200 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine with software
1,800 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine
400 kWh/year for every ENERGY STAR qualified
vending machine that is replaced with an
ENERGY STAR qualified machine with software
Choose an ENERGY
STAR qualified 600-
can vending machine
1,800 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine with software
1,200 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine
600 kWh/year for every ENERGY STAR qualified
vending machine that is replaced with an
ENERGY STAR qualified machine with software
Choose an ENERGY
STAR qualified 700-
can vending machine
2,300 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine with software
1,700 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine
600 kWh/year for every ENERGY STAR qualified
vending machine that is replaced with an
ENERGY STAR qualified machine with software
Choose an ENERGY
STAR qualified 800-
can vending machine
1,300 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine with software
700 kWh/year for every standard vending
machine that is replaced with an ENERGY STAR
qualified machine
600 kWh/year for every ENERGY STAR qualified
vending machine that is replaced with an
ENERGY STAR qualified machine with software
34
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Worksheet 11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment
Strategy
Energy Savings Potential (kWh/year)
Quantity in
the
Building
Cost of
Electricity
($/kWh)
Annual
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Annual
Cost
Savings ($)
A
B
C
D = A x B
m
ii
n
X
Remove underused
conventional vending
machines
3,600 kWh/year for every refrigerated vending
machine that is removed
Annual Savings
Figure B.5-4. Worksheet 11 - Vending Machine Savings Assessment
6.5.5 Additional Online Resources for Commercial Food Service Equipment
For more information on Commercial Food Service Equipment, please
see: https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find a product.showProductGroup&pgw code
-CKP
6.5.6 Additional Online Resources for Water Savins Devices
For more information on water-saving devices, please see: http://www.epa.gov/watersense
35
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
B.6 Water Heater Guidance
When was the last time your team thought about your worship facility's water heater? If the water
heater is outdated or working inefficiently, upgrading to an ENERGY STAR qualified model will reduce
water heating costs. All water heaters, especially gas-fired, should be inspected annually for safety as
well as efficiency. Keep the immediate area around water heater clean and free of any debris, and allow
nothing to be placed on top of the heater.
Figure B.6-1 describes the types of ENERGY STAR qualified water heaters that are available.
ENERGY STAR Qualified Commercial Water Heaters
Type
Description
High Efficiency Gas
Storage
High-efficiency gas storage water heaters work the same way conventional
gas storage water heaters work: a glass-lined steel tank is heated by a
burner beneath the tank. High-efficiency models have better insulation, heat
traps, and more efficient burners. These improvements increase energy
efficiency by about 7.5 percent. Some models also have a power vent, which
also increases efficiency.
Gas Condensing
Gas condensing water heaters operate similarly to conventional gas water
heaters, but use less energy. Instead of immediately venting heat and gas
produced by combustion, these emissions are vented through a flue that is
coiled around the hot water tank. The coiled ventilation system allows more
heat to be transferred to the water in the tank from the same quantity of gas,
and reduces the amount of gas required by the water heater by
approximately 30 percent.
Heat Pump
Heat pump water heaters use electricity to pass vaporized refrigerant
through a system containing a compressor, a condenser coil, and an
expansion valve. When the refrigerant is forced into the compressor, its
temperature rises and it transfers heat by way of a condenser coil in a
storage tank; when the refrigerant is released through the expansion valve,
the pressure is reduced and the cycle starts over.
Whole-Home Gas
Tank-Less
Whole-home gas tank-less water heaters work similarly to conventional gas
types by heating cold water with a gas burner. However, instead of
constantly maintaining a supply of hot water, tank-less water heaters only
operate when hot water is needed. By only heating water on-demand, tank-
less water heaters are able to substantially reduce energy consumption in
some applications.
Solar Water
Solar water heaters come in a variety of designs, but all include a collector (a
device that captures solar thermal energy) and a storage tank for hot water.
There are several types of solar hot water systems:
• A direct system circulates water through the collectors, allowing solar
thermal energy to directly heat the water
• A closed-loop or indirect system circulates a nonfreezing liquid through
the collector and transfers heat to the hot water storage tank through a
series of coils
• An active or forced-circulation system uses an electric system of pumps,
valves and controllers to move water from the collectors to the storage
tank
• A passive system requires no pumps, and allows convection to move
water from the collectors to the storage tanks as it heats up.
Figure B.6-1. ENERGY STAR Qualified Commercial Water Heaters
36
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Appendix C - Energy Audits and
Professional Assistance
C. 1 What do I need to do for an Energy Audit?
If your team decides to have an energy audit done, you will need to find which type of audit is right for
your property by considering the cost of the audit, your team's project goals and access to funding, and
the implementation timeline. For example, a detailed energy audit might not make sense for a worship
facility with little access to financing to implement the projects identified. Benchmarking, implementing
the Sure Energy Savers described in Section 4.2 Sure Energy Savers of the Workbook, and starting a
capital campaign to raise money for the audit and the opportunities it identifies may be a better plan.
C. 1.1 Different Types of Energy Audits
Several types of energy audits can survey your property at different levels of detail. Although the
accuracy of the audit is directly related to the level of detail, the most extensive and accurate audits may
not be necessary or cost effective to accomplish your congregation's energy saving goals within the
specified time frame. These types of energy audits, as defined by the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), are described in Figure C.l-1.
Types of ASHRAE Energy Audits
ASHRAE Energy Audit
Description
ASHRAE Level I - Walk-Through
Analysis
Focuses on low- and no-cost energy conservation measures, and
provides a list of higher cost energy conservation measures.
Typically, these audits will result in a report about how much energy
and money can be saved from specific efficiency opportunities. If
you have benchmarked your building and implemented the Sure
Energy Savers, you will have already completed most of the analysis
that this type of audit provides.
ASHRAE Level II - Energy
Survey and Analysis
Expands on the Level I survey by including more detailed energy
calculations and financial analysis of proposed energy efficiency
measures. The financial analysis used is typically a life cycle
analysis, which allows you to better understand the financial benefits
of installing energy efficiency measures. You are typically provided
with a list of energy conservation/efficiency measures, an estimate of
the amount of money and energy that will be saved, and an estimate
of the amount each measure will cost. These reports should also
include any changes that need to be made to operations and
maintenance procedures.
ASHRAE Level III - Detailed
Analysis of Capital-Intensive
Modifications
Expands on the previous levels of effort and is based on a specific
subset of energy conservation/efficiency measures to analyze
further. This may include further refinement of an energy model or
more extensive data collection. These are often used to provide
detailed information to lenders for larger projects.
Figure C.1-1. Types of ASHRAE Energy Audits
37
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
C. 1.2 How to Find an Energy Auditor
Types of auditors
There are two types of energy auditors: 1) energy consultants, and 2) energy services companies
(ESCOs).
Energy consultants evaluate and recommend projects to improve building energy efficiency; they can
estimate energy use, energy savings, and project cost. Beyond the initial audit, energy consultants can
sometimes prepare project specifications or engineering designs. Energy consultants do not usually
provide financial or management services and they are not involved in the actual project
implementation process.
ESCOs also identify cost-effective, energy-efficient retrofits in their audits. However, ESCOs have the
ultimate goal of being hired by your property to install and manage the projects they recommend. For
this reason, ESCOs have a vested interest in the completion, operation, and resulting savings from your
projects, and will guarantee positive results as part of a long-term performance contract. Some ESCOs
also provide financing and equipment maintenance.
The major difference between ESCOs and energy consultants is the financial arrangement. ESCOs will
often pay the up-front costs of implementing the efficiency projects, and will be paid through the
savings achieved. This can be a good option for facilities that don't have access to capital to implement
the projects on their own.
Selection
When hiring an energy consultant/ESCO for an audit, you can either select the consultant/ESCO by sole
source or competitive bid. In a sole source selection, you negotiate with a single consultant/ESCO. In a
competitive bid, you advertise your team's need for a consultant/ESCO, and receive bids from firms
interested in doing business with you.
As a representative of a private property, you are well-suited to negotiate exclusively with a single
consultant/ESCO. When hiring via sole source selection, your team can negotiate until a mutually
agreeable cost is reached. During these negotiations, be sure to understand the scope of the audit and
its minimum reporting and analytical requirements; more specifically, ensure assignments, deliverables,
and schedules are clear and understood by all parties.
The major drawback to sole source contracts such as these is that they can be more costly than
competitive bid contracts due to a lack of market competition. However, establishing a long-standing
working relationship will allow that consultant/ESCO to become intimately familiar with your property's
energy equipment, needs, and problems, and will also negate the need for your team to review
proposals for each separate project. Understanding the prices of competitive bid contracts in your area
prior to negotiating the price of a sole source contract will help you derive the benefits from a sole
source contract at a competitive market price.
38
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Negotiate Costs
Money saved as a result of implementing auditor-recommended energy efficiency improvements may
justify the up-front cost of the energy audit. However, your team's budget may limit the types of audit
that would make financial sense for your property, because recommended improvements that are not
performed shortly after the audit can become outdated. If your congregation has limited property
improvement funds, an audit targeting specific types of projects may be the most cost effective as it will
recommend projects your congregation will be able to afford to implement in a short time frame with
remaining project funds.
Factors that affect the energy audit price include the type of audit, the complexity of the property, and
the size of the property.
C. 1.3 Identifying Volunteer Resources
Even if your team decides to hire a professional energy consultant, you are still responsible for
monitoring the consultant's activities. Your energy stewardship team will need to:
1. Prepare a Request for Proposals (RFP) to hire an auditor. ENERGY STAR has a sample RFP to assist
you in preparing this document.
2. Be familiar with the building in terms of:
S Equipment
S Energy use
S Design (mechanical and electrical).
3. Manage the energy auditor:
S Maintain communication with decision-making staff
S Oversee the auditing work.
4. Review the energy audit:
S Be aware of the types of improvements the property is interested in and their relative priority
S Check to make sure that the assumptions used in the audit calculations make sense with
respect to how the building actually operates.
Your team's financial representative is best suited to prepare the RFP. The building operator and
technical mind team members should be familiar with the building equipment, design, and operations.
The financial representative, building operator, technical mind, and team leader should work together
to manage the energy consultant and review the energy audit with regard to their areas of expertise.
39
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
C. 2 PRE-AUDIT AND REVIEW CHECKLIST
Once your team has chosen an energy auditor, you will need to prepare for their visit. You can help your
auditor determine appropriate project recommendations by answering questions about your property's
energy use and construction. In particular, providing the consultant with electrical and mechanical
drawings of the property will help the auditor perform the job, and will also help control costs; if
electrical and mechanical drawings are unavailable for your property, the consultant will need to
reconstruct a schematic for equipment operations.
Reviewing a consultant's work can be done internally if your team already has a staff member who is
familiar with energy auditing methods and the projects recommended by the auditor. If your property
does not have such a person (or group of people) on staff, this may be an opportunity to seek help from
a qualified volunteer in your congregation. If neither your staff nor congregation is qualified to review
the audit, it may be worthwhile to get an independent review of the recommended projects. Consult
your local utility or state energy office for assistance. You can use the following checklist (Figure C.2-1)
when monitoring and reviewing your energy audit.
Pre-Audit and Review Checklist
Item to Review
Description
Answer
when
Completed
Property operating
hours
How many hours per week is your property in use?
Operating hours differ from equipment use hours.
• Property operating hours can be confirmed by in-
house staff
• Outside review assistance is not necessary
Equipment
operating hours
How many hours per week is the equipments use?
This number will differ from the property operating
hours if the property runs equipment when the building
is not in use.
This is important when assessing the potential benefits
of different retrofit investments, because energy
savings are calculated using the actual hours when the
equipment is on and consuming electricity.
• Equipment operating hours can be confirmed by in-
house staff
• Outside review assistance is not necessary
Energy and
demand rates
What is the cost of energy charged by your utility
company?
Energy and demand rates charged by your utility
company may vary by time of year or time of day
because of varying peak use rates.
• Energy and demand rates can be confirmed by in-
house staff with access to the property's billing
information
• Outside review is recommended if you are unsure
about the data
40
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Pre-Audit and Review Checklist
Item to Review
Description
Answer
when
Completed
Improvements
made to the
property in the last
12 months
Have some projects to improve the property's energy
efficiency already been implemented?
If vour answer is ves. be sure to tell the auditor. Without
this information, thev will assume that the Drooertv has
been usina the current eauioment for the oast 12
months, which mav lead to discrepancies between
estimated energy consumption and the property's
actual energy use.
• Property improvements made in the last 12 months
can be confirmed by in-house staff
• Outside review assistance is not necessary
Appropriateness of
project
recommendations
is the congregation involved in the decision-making
process when selecting energy efficiency projects?
This is an important part of the audit review. In addition
to the energy efficiency gains of the projects, you will
need to consider how the projects will affect the
aesthetic appeal and comfort of your building.
• In-house staff might be able to determine whether a
project recommendation is appropriate depending
on their level of knowledge
• Outside review is recommended if you are unsure
about the data
Accuracy of
existing equipment
identification
Did the auditor include all the correct equipment in your
audit?
• The accuracy of existing equipment identification
can be confirmed by in-house staff
• Outside review assistance is not necessary
Appropriateness of
simulation models
and assumptions
Did the auditor estimate the building's energy
consumption using appropriate simulation models and
accurate assumptions?
• In-house staff might be able to determine whether
simulation models are accurate if the staff or
congregation contains a person who is an expert on
energy auditing
• Outside review assistance is recommended
Project cost
estimates
Are the project cost estimates accurate, and do they
make financial sense to your property?
Ensure the appropriateness of project
recommendations for the property by hiring a project
manager. The project manager should be able to verify
that the equipments complexity, compatibility, and
reliability are suitable for the property, and that your
congregation can afford the operational cost of the
investment.
• In-house staff can verify and assess project cost
estimates depending on their level of knowledge
and familiarity with the property budget
• Outside review is recommended if you are unsure
Figure C.2-1. Pre-Audit & Review Checklist
41
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
C. 3 What to Ask the Energy Auditor to Provide
C.3.1 Analysis of Existing Equipment
Depending on the type of energy audit your team chooses, you should expect specific things from the
auditor. When negotiating with a sole source, or stating your team's project requirements in a
competitive bid RFP, be sure to specifically indicate the requirements of the audit. To get a better idea
of what an energy audit will include, see the specific audit types listed in Figure C.3-1. You can also do a
search for "sample energy audits" on the internet to see many different examples.
Types of Energy Audits
Audit Type
Description
Targeted Lighting
Targeted lighting audits typically include, at a minimum, a count of the number
and types of fixtures in each room and spot checks of light levels.
Targeted HVAC
Targeted HVAC audits include computerized simulations to extrapolate annual
operating energy use based on equipment set points and regional weather
factors.
Comprehensive
Comprehensive energy audits evaluate the building envelope, lighting, domestic
hot water, HVAC, kitchen equipment, and controls in the property. Computer
models are used to simulate building and equipment operations, taking account
for weather, equipment set points, hours of operation, and other parameters.
Estimated energy consumption is compared to the property's utility bill charges
to ensure that the consultant is not over- or underestimating energy savings
from proposed investments.
Figure C.3-1. Energy Audit Types
C.3.2 Guidance for Project Implementation
Having the consultant who performed the energy audit also prepare a performance specification will
help to ensure that your property selects appropriate project types and specifies adequate project
quality. Performance specifications will inform equipment contractors and installers about the type of
project your team is undertaking. Performance specifications may add up to a few cents per square foot
to the cost of a single-purpose or comprehensive energy audit.
C.3.3 Additional Online Resources
Certain faith-based nonprofit groups provide energy services for free or reasonable fees. A few to look
into include Green Faith at http://greenfaith.org: and state affiliates of Interfaith Power and Light such as
Georgia IPL, Michigan IPL, Greater Washington IPLand Ohio IPL all linked from Interfaith Power and
Light.
42
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Appendix D - Project Financing
D. 1 How to Pay for Upgrades
This appendix contains information about the different types of financing options that may be available
to your congregation. It also lists factors to consider when deciding which type of financing to use for a
project, as well as online resources to find more specific information.
D. 1.1 Cash or Savings
A cash purchase is the simplest method for financing energy performance improvements. It is well
suited for small or low-risk upgrades and makes sense if your congregation has cash reserves and a
strong balance sheet. The advantage of a cash purchase is that all cost savings realized from the upgrade
are immediately available to your organization. Generally, relatively inexpensive, simple efficiency
measures that are likely to pay for themselves in about a year are purchased with cash (use the
worksheets in Appendix B - Savings Assessment Worksheets to determine which investments will pay off
in the near term). If your congregation has identified low-cost improvements but does not have the cash
for them, your team can consider holding a fundraiser with all proceeds going specifically to the
upgrades.
D.1.2 Energy Upgrade Grants
Grants for energy upgrades are usually better suited for larger projects that require extra funding
because the process of applying for a grant requires time and resources. Finding and applying for grants
can take a large amount of time, so it is recommended that before your team applies for grants, you
should implement Sure Energy Savers (Section 4.2 of the workbook) and look for rebates (see Section
D.1.3). Energy grants come from many sources—from government (state and federal), from other
organizations, and from individuals. Some grants require matching funding from your congregation,
some will provide a portion of the funding for a specific type of project, and others will fund a complete
upgrade.
Grant opportunities can come up quickly with short deadlines. To keep up with opportunities now and
on the horizon, your congregation should have someone from your finance team track grant deadlines
and requirements. You should also keep a file of past grant proposals and general information to be able
to quickly put together a new proposal. Energy audit reports are often a good source of information
when preparing a grant proposal. Consider whether time spent pursuing grants may be better used
elsewhere. Figure D.l-1 lists some grant programs that are currently available.
43
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Available Grant Programs
Grant Program
Description
Federal government
For efficiency improvements, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Energy
for America Program has grants available for rural organizations.
State programs
Grants for efficiency upgrades vary from state to state. The Database of State
Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE) has state-bv-state listinas for
all renewable energy and energy efficiency financing options, including grants,
loans and tax incentives.
Religious
organizations
If your congregation belongs to a larger religious organization, you should ask if
there are any green/efficiency grants available. For example, in 2009, the
Christian Reformed Church began funding for a grant called the U.S. Green
Congregation Grant. To apply, churches must demonstrate how they can
integrate environmental concerns into their teachings. ENERGY STAR has a
qrowinq list of links to a number of denominations.
State I nterfa ith
Power and Light
(I PL) organizations
I PL has affiliates in most states and can help connect your congregation to
larger state-wide energy efficiency initiatives. Some IPLs also have grant
programs of their own; for example, Georgia Interfaith Power and Light has a
PowerWise grant.
Figure D. 1-1. Grant Programs Currently Available to Congregations
D.1.3 Utility Incentives or Rebates
Utilities often provide financial incentives for energy performance upgrades, fuel switching, and even
energy audits. They also sometimes provide low-interest loans. Check with your local utility to learn
which programs are available. ENERGY STAR has an online Rebate Finder that can help your team find
special offers, tax breaks, and rebates from ENERGY STAR partners in your area.
Another good source of rebate information is the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and
Efficiency (DSIRE), which contains local, state, federal, and utility rebates. The federal government and
many states reward efficient building upgrades with tax incentives. Because congregations do not pay
taxes, they are not eligible for these types of incentives. However, a private donor (in consultation with
their accountant) might be eligible for tax deductions for energy efficiency capital improvements
donated to your worship facility.
D.1.4 Group Pure ha sing
Another way to fund your congregation's project is through group purchasing. Groups can often
negotiate lower prices on efficient equipment with volume purchases. If your team can pool the buying
power of more than one organization or group, you can often get lower prices for products and services.
Contact local retailers to see if they can set up a program for your congregation members or for a group
of congregations to receive bulk discounts. ENERGY STAR has more information on purchasing and
procurement and group purchasing.
D.1.5 Loans
If you are not able to fully fund your team's project work through cash, grants, and other avenues, your
congregation may want to consider taking a loan for part of the initial investment. Lenders may require
a down payment on loans for energy projects. Your congregation's borrowing ability will depend on
their current debt load and creditworthiness. Loan payments may be structured to be equal to or slightly
44
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
lower than projected energy savings, creating a positive cash flow. In this financing arrangement, your
congregation will bear all the risks of the project and receive all the benefits. Contact your
congregation's financial institution for more information about its loan products. ENERGY STAR has data
indicating that verified energy performance improvements can increase the asset value of your
property.
D. 1.6 Equipment Leasing
Instead of paying for an entire upgrade in full, your congregation may decide to set up a leasing
agreement and make payments over time. Leasing agreements may be with a specific retailer or
contractor. Laws and regulations for equipment leasing are complex and change frequently, so be sure
to consult your financial team before entering into a lease agreement. Also note that lease terms may
charge a higher interest rate than a loan, so be sure your team looks into the total ownership cost of
leasing versus taking out a loan before making a decision.
D.I.7 Performance Contracting
Performance contracting (sometimes called "shared savings") is the most complex type of arrangement,
but offers your congregation the benefit of risk protection. It is also the most costly financing option
because of the amount of monitoring and verification required, and is usually used for larger scale
upgrades or for larger facilities. However, even this more expensive alternative can yield a positive cash
flow for your congregation immediately upon installation.
In a performance contract, payment for a project is contingent upon its successful operation. For an
energy efficiency upgrade, services are rendered in exchange for a share of the future profits from the
project. A performance contract can be undertaken with no up-front cost to your congregation (as the
building owner) and is paid for out of the resulting energy savings. The service provider, often an ESCO,
obtains financing and assumes the performance risks associated with the project. The financing
organization owns the upgraded equipment during the term of the contract, and the equipment asset
and debt do not appear on your congregation's balance sheet. Financing for performance contracts is
based on the cost savings potential of the project. Performance contracting can be applied to purchases
or leases. If your team is interested in more details on performance contracting, see the ENERGY STAR
Building Upgrade Manual.
D.1.8 Factors to Consider when Choosing how to Finance the Project
Choosing which type of project financing requires a full evaluation of your options. Your team will need
to consider the size of the project, and then look at the factors listed in Figure D.l-2.
45
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Factors to Consider when Financing the Project
Factor
Description
Balance Sheet
This is how much money your congregation has on hand versus its debts.
Ensure that any investments your team makes do not leave your organization in
too much debt.
Initial Payment
A large purchase may be an obstacle for some congregations planning energy
efficiency upgrades. If your congregation has large capital reserves or is
planning a small project, it makes sense to pay for the project with cash
because all the cost savings from the project will be immediately available to
offset the original investment. There are financing options that can move a
project forward with no initial capital outlay from your congregation. If resources
are tight, your congregation may want to consider a performance contract.
Payments
Your team's goal is to obtain financing at a minimum cost to the organization. If
your congregation does not have enough cash on hand to make a full purchase,
determine the monthly payments (through a loan or leasing) that fit into your
congregation's budget.
Ownership
If your congregation owns its energy efficiency upgrade equipment, it will
receive all the savings; however, your congregation is also liable for any
performance risk associated with the equipment.
Performance Risk
There is risk associated with any investment. Energy efficiency upgrades can be
low-risk investments because they apply proven technologies with long records
of performance. However, the financing option your team chooses will affect
who bears the risk of performance failure.
Performance risk of energy upgrades depends on the accuracy of the
assumptions about maintenance, cost of energy, occupancy, and other factors.
Lighting upgrades are typically considered a lower risk investment than HVAC
investments because lighting use is largely consistent and does not vary with
the outside temperature.
Because it is easier to predict energy savings from lighting upgrades because
HVAC performance can be impacted by the property's ventilation system (e.g.
clogged ducts, vents stuck open) and other factors that may not be visible. The
change in lighting performance from one technology to another is
straightforward to calculate since there is only the light source itself which can
be swapped out, entirely, and its performance does not depend on other
factors/equipment.
Figure D. 1-2. Factors to Consider when Financing the Project
D. 1.9 Considering a Utility Bill Audit
Have you considered whether your worship facility's utility bills are accurate? You wouldn't pay your
restaurant bill without a quick review, so what about you major monthly costs for utilities? Professional
consultants who analyze utility bills say that an estimated 85% of congregations are overcharged on
utility expenses through calculation errors and other discrepancies billed by utility providers. This may
sound self-serving coming from someone who provides such an analysis service for a fee. However,
utility bill audits are typically performed on a contingency basis, which means you have no out-of-pocket
expenses; you pay only if any refunds are recovered and you pay a percentage of the monies recovered.
If no refunds are recovered you pay nothing.
46
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
How do you check and verify your utility bills? Do you
approve their charges based upon trends, budget, or
just pay them because they look right and fit the
budget? Do you know that professional analysts say
most mistakes are approximately 10% of the bill
amount and routinely repeated month after month?
Depending upon the physical property, a congregation's
utility expenses can often represent the second or third
largest budget expense after personnel costs. Your
utility expense is an operational cost that you can
reduce, not only with ENERGY STAR strategic energy
and water management, but by making sure the cost is
correctly calculated at the correct rate classification.
Correcting utility billing errors can generate significant
savings—some as direct rebates and others as rate
corrections that result in long-term savings.
More than likely you routinely conduct Financial Audits,
General Compliance, Charitable Gift Acknowledgement Receipts, Insurance, and Cash audits. Now you
know that you can also undertake a no-risk audit of all your utility expenses. This audits your utility bills;
electricity, natural gas, heating oil, telecommunications, water, and sewer. A utility bill audit will refund
and remove all erroneous and unnecessary overcharges which results in ensuring that your utility bills
are 100% accurate and efficient. This is potentially a great source for raising capital and reducing your
operational expenses.
D.2 Online Financing Resources
For more information about resources for financing your property's energy efficiency projects, visit the
following websites:
• ENERGY STAR Directory of Energy Efficiency
Programs: www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=DEEPS.showSponsorSearch
• ENERGY STAR Buildings Upgrade Manual—Financing
Section: www.energystar.gov/ia/business/EPA BUM CFI4 Financing.pdf?1305-011d
• ENERGY STAR rebate
finder: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=rebate.rebate locator
• Purchasing and Procurement information on the ENERGY STAR
website: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk purchasing.bus purchasing
• ENERGY STAR Group Purchasing Information
factsheet: www.energystar.gov/ia/business/small business/sb guidebook/Group Purchasing Fact
Sheet. pdf?66af-6be8
Saving Money with Utility Bill Analysis
One congregation with an estimated annual
utility budget of$55,250.00 saw a first year
annual savings of $26,000 after utility bill
analysis. These savings were a result of a
free utility bill analysis of the immediate 36-
month worship facility payment history. The
analysis reviewed electricity,
telecommunications, water, sewer and
storm drainage bills, and uncovered simple
billing errors, omissions of payments, and
improper rate coding over the specified
period of time. The cost for this service was
paid out of the savings and if no savings
had been found, there would have been no
fee for the analysis. Going forward, the
congregation can expect significantly lower
utility bills. Utility bill analysis is not part of
the ENERG Y STAR program, but EPA
recommends it is worth considering,
because it could help call attention to costly
leaks in water pipes and fixtures, as well as
leaky heating/air-conditioning ducts.
47
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
• EPA Green Building Funding Opportunities
website: www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/tools/funding.htm
• DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Financial Opportunities
website: wwwl.eere.energy.gov/financing
• Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency - DSIRE - is an online database with state-
specific/federal information on what types of grants and loans are available for energy efficiency
upgrades at www.dsireusa.org
• Interfaith Power and Lighf s ShoplPL.org: an online energy efficiency store that works to achieve
competitive pricing and is open to all purchasers at http://www.shopipl.org
• The Alliance to Save Energy Resources website: http://ase.org/resources
• Church Grants website: all types of grants for churches: www.churchgrants.org
48
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Appendix E - Working with
Contractors
Once your team has determined the projects for which your congregation needs to hire a contractor,
you will need to find a contractor who will operate within your organization's budget. You may locate a
contractor by competitive bid, or based on their qualifications.
Previously this workbook advised taking advance of congregational time and talent. This includes not
only congregation members who are in the energy efficiency service and product industry but also any
long time contractors who may feel entitled to manage new projects. However, even contractors of
long-standing and good service may not have the technology and up to date knowledge on efficiency
that you need. This is a business decision regarding your fiduciary responsibility and merits competitive
bidding.
However you ultimately select a contractor, make sure to obtain the information listed in Figure E-l,
below, when assessing prospective contractors.
Information to Obtain from Prospective Contractors
Contractor...
Description
when
Obtained
References
Ask the contractor to provide multiple current references
that your team can contact about the work the contractor
has performed.
Is licensed and insured
Make sure the contractor is licensed and insured.
Especially make sure that the contractor carries workers'
compensation insurance.
Follows regulations
Ask the contractor to certify that their work conforms to
state and local regulations and codes.
Has experience
Make sure the contractor has experience with and will
use energy-efficient equipment as specified in the project
designs.
Uses Portfolio Manager
Check whether the contractor has involvement with
ENERGY STAR, or benchmarking through Portfolio
Manager. This will help your property remain consistent
in its approach to energy efficiency.
Availability and
communication skills
Check the contractor's availability, and make sure they
have good communication skills.
Provides cost estimates, in
writing
Ask the contractor to provide a cost estimate in writing for
any work they will do before signing any contract.
Figure E-1. Information to Obtain from Prospective Contractors
E. 1 Selecting a Contractor by Competitive Bid
To select a contractor by competitive bid, issue a Request for Proposal (RFP) to which prospective
contractors interested in undertaking your project will bid for the job. When evaluating contractors'
49
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
bids, pay attention to the proposed scope of work they describe; not all bidders will offer to undertake
all tasks listed in the RFP.
Competitive bids are useful to property managers because they allow the manager to negotiate prices
between multiple contractors at once. Think of how you purchase a new car: you don't just go to one
dealer, you often go to several. You use the prices given to you by one dealer to talk down the price for
the car you want at another dealer. Similarly, your team can negotiate the proposed scope of work and
proposed contract cost between contractors, encouraging the contractors to lower their prices and
expand their proposed scope of work to remain competitive for your congregation's energy
improvement business.
The downside is that competitive bids can take time, and your congregation's project has to be large
enough for the contractor to find it profitable. If your congregation wants to invest in a large number of
technologies, or to renovate a part of your building's infrastructure, a competitive bid may be the most
effective option. However, if your congregation is trying to install a few specific technologies, selecting a
contractor by qualification may make more sense for your energy stewardship team.
E. 2 Selecting a Contractor by Qualification
When selecting a contractor by qualification, you should identify the contractors your team is interested
in considering and assess their qualifications. Specifically, you should ask the questions listed in the
introduction to this section, and should interview past clients and references. Based on your team's
evaluation of the contractor's responses and those of their past clients and references, you can decide
whether to hire him to undertake your project.
Selecting a contractor by qualification may be preferable for some congregations, as it allows your team
to work more intimately with the contractor to specify details of the work they will do, and negotiate
the extent to which they will assist your team. Unlike a competitive bid, selecting a contractor based on
qualification does not allow you to negotiate prices or scope of work with multiple contractors
simultaneously. Instead, your team will need to be familiar with the typical costs in your area for the
types of projects your congregation is implementing.
E.3 Performance Contract: Using an ESCO
A performance contract is where a congregation hires an ESCO to develop, install, finance, and verify
energy efficiency improvements. In return for the ESCO assuming the up-front costs associated with the
investments, the congregation agrees to give the ESCO a portion of its energy savings over a period of
time specified in the contract. Usually, ESCOs will focus on larger energy use facilities to make it worth
their expense. If your congregation has a smaller property, it will most likely use a local contractor rather
than an ESCO.
A performance contract may be attractive from an immediate financial standpoint, but the level of
control exerted by the contractor may be unfavorable. The contractor will be entitled to a portion of
your congregation's energy savings for a contractually specified length of time after the energy project is
50
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
completed, limiting the amount of money saved that can be repurposed in your congregation's ministry.
However, if your congregation does not have the necessary resources to implement projects or monitor
energy management, a performance contract may be a convenient way to overhaul your property's
energy-consuming equipment and practices.
E.3.1 Negotiating a Contract
The quality of your contracting experience will be determined in large part by how you negotiate the
contract. When drafting the contract, remember that this document will define all interactions between
your team and the selected contractor. Therefore, the contract should address all stages of involvement,
from planning and decision making, to documentation and monitoring of the investments after
installation. If the contractor isn't going to monitor the performance of the equipment after it has been
installed, make sure that they agree to provide you with all of the knowledge and resources necessary to
allow your team to monitor, maintain, and manage the equipment over time.
Contract Specifics
Before you sign any contract on behalf of your congregation, make sure the contract specifies the items
listed in Figure E.3-1, below.
Contract Specifics to Confirm
Item
Description
©
when
Confirmed
Processes and Procedures
Processes and procedures that the contractor agrees to
undertake.
Activity Schedule
A schedule of activities, including major milestones and
due dates.
Contractor and Customer
Roles
The roles of team members, both of contractor personnel
and your staff. This is very important in order to ensure
that there is no duplication of effort which may result in
higher costs for the project.
Sample Forms, Templates
Sample forms and templates the contractor will use for
documentation. Review these documents, and ask for
clarification of any parts of the forms that are not clear.
Figure E.3-1. Contract Specifics to Confirm with the Contractor
E.3.2 Managing a Contractor
When working with a contractor, the extent of your management responsibility will be defined in the
contract you have agreed upon. Usually, the day-to-day management of the project is the contractor's
responsibility. As the customer, you should facilitate the contractor's work, and make sure that the
contractor is adhering to the contract. Schedule regular meetings to check in with the contractor and
track their progress. After the project is completed, remember to ask the contractor to provide
documentation about how to maintain the performance of the project's installed equipment, and of
how frequently maintenance of the equipment is recommended.
51
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
Appendix F - More Online Resources
from ENERGY STAR
To keep up to date on publications and news from ENERGY STAR, please see the following resources:
• Join ENERGY STAR: www.energystar.gov/ioin
• Visit ENERGY STAR Qualified
Products: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm ?fuseaction=find a product.
• Visit ENERGY STAR for
Congregations: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small business.sb congregations
• Download Free ENERGY STAR
Publications: https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=publications.showPublications
• Set up an Account in Portfolio Manager: www.energystar.gov/benchmark
• White House Office of Faith-based and Neighborhood
Partnerships: http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ofbnp
• Find Interfaith and Denominational Organizations working on energy
stewardship: http://www.energvstar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/external-faith-based-
environmental-stewardship-organizations
• EPA's Faith-based and Neighborhood
Partnerships: http://www.epa.gov/fbnpartnerships/index.html
LEARN MORE AT
energystar.gov
ENERGY STAR® is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
program helping businesses and individuals fight global
warming through superior energy efficiency.
52
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Appendix G - EPA's Food Recovery
Challenge
The amount of food wasted in the U.S. is staggering. The US generates more than 36 million tons of food
waste each year. Since 2010, food waste is the single largest component of municipal solid waste
reaching landfills and incinerators.
Generating food waste has significant economic, social, and environmental consequences. Often,
simple changes in food purchasing, storage, preparation, and service practices can yield significant
reductions in food waste generation. Not only will this reduce waste, but it will make food dollars go
further. Food waste cost savings have even greater potential at commercial food-based businesses.
And much of this food "waste" is not waste at all but actually safe, wholesome food that could
potentially feed millions of Americans in need. Food donations redirect these valuable resources to
"feed people - not landfills."
Additionally, not only does this wasted valuable resource have huge economic and social impacts, it also
has huge and immediate environmental impacts. When food is disposed in a landfill it quickly rots and
becomes a significant source of methane. Reducing, recovering, and recycling wasted food diverts
organic materials from landfills and incinerators, reducing GHG emissions from landfills and waste
combustion. The use of recycled food scraps (compost) has many environmental benefits.
An additional benefit of food waste reduction, donation, and composting is improved sanitation, public
safety and health for both your facility and congregation.
EPA recommends the following "food
recovery hierarchy" as the preferred
options to make the most of excess food.
The food Recovery Hierarchy
Both EPA and the US DA recommend following the "food
recovery hierarchy" as the preferred options to make the
most of excess food. The food waste recovery hierarchy
comprises the following activities, with disposal as the last,
and least preferred, option:
Source Reduction - Reduce the amount of food waste
being generated;
Feed People - Donate excess food to food banks, soup
kitchens, and shelters;
Feed Animals - Provide food scraps to farmers;
Industrial Uses - Provide fats for rendering; oil for fuel; food discards for animal feed production; or
anaerobic digestion combined with soil amendment production or composting of the residuals
Composting - Recycle food scraps into a nutrient rich soil amendment
Source Reduction
Feed Hungry People
Recti Animals
53
-------
ENERGY STAR® Action Workbook for Congregations - Appendices
ENERGY STAR
Join EPA's Food Recovery Challenge
Save money and reduce your environmental footprint by joining EPA's Food Recovery Challenge (FRC).
It just takes 5 easy steps:
1. Sign Up
^ Go to the SMM Data Management System to register to participate in the Challenge.
^ Once your account has been activated, choose the "Food Recovery Challenge" (FRC) and sign
the participation agreement. Please see an example of participation agreement form.
2. Set a Baseline
^ Assess It! Conduct an inventory of your food waste. Baseline data provides a starting point for
setting goals and tracking progress. We recommend that your baseline data be representative of
12 prior months of food data. If you need assistance in developing your baseline, please contact
the WasteWise Help Line at 800.EPA.WISE (800.372.9473) or send email
to wastewisehelp(5)epa.gov.
^ Submit It: Baseline data must be entered and submitted through the SMM Data Management
System within 90 days of registering for the Challenge. Choose from three food diversion
categories: food waste prevention (e.g. source reduction), donation, and/or recycling (e.g.
composting and anaerobic digestion). Don't forget to click the "submit" button in the database.
3. Set a Goal
^ Choose Your Actions: Choose the activities your organization plans to undertake. Examples are
modifying food purchasing, changing food production and handling practices, reducing excessive
portion size, donating to those in need, and recycling. Tools such as the logbook and food waste
calculator can help here as well.
^ Submit It: Goals must be entered and submitted through the SMM Data Management System
within 90 days of registering for the Challenge. Identify a quantitative goal, expressed in tons for
the current calendar year. Don't forget to click the "Submit" button in the database.
4. Take Action
^ Undertake the identified activities to reduce your food waste.
5. Track It
^ Track your progress, report your food diversion results, and establish new goals annually using
the SMM Data Management System by March 31 each year. Don't forget to click the "submit"
button in the database.
For details and to join the Challenge, go to: www.epa.gov/foodrecovervchaIlenge
------- |