EPA/600/3-38/010a
March 1988
NATIONAL AMBIENT VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs)
DATA BASE UPDATE
by
Jitendra J. Shah and Emily K. Heyerdahl
Nero and Associates, Inc.
520 S.W. Sixth Ave., Suite 1250
Portland, OR 97204
Contract 68-02-4190
Project Officer
Larry T. Cupitt
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Division
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK. NC 27711

-------
DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-02-4190 to
Nero and Associates, Inc., Portland, Oregon. It has been subjected to the
Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for
publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii

-------
PREFACE
This document is an update of "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the
Atmosphere: An Assessment of Available Data", by Brodzinsky and Singh, EPA
600/3-83-027(a) and is the result of an ongoing effort to gather, evaluate and
compile ambient concentrations of more than 300 VOCs into microcomputer
readable format to allow wide distribution and easy access. All the information
from the original data base (covering the years 1970 to 1980) have been included
in this update. The reader is encouraged to consult the original document for
information on VOCs concentrations prior to 1980.
While this data base has many applications, users must recognize that it also has
many potential abuses. Researchers collect and measure VOCs for a wide variety
of purposes. A summary of these purposes is provided in the data base for many
studies but the original references should be consulted for more detailed
information. In addition, all available data were included and were given a
quality rating. It is ultimately the data base user's responsibility to assess the
applicability of the data base for specific uses.
Because this is an ongoing effort, users arc encouraged to send data not included
here for inclusion in future updates to Dr. Larry Cupitt, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, ASRL, Mail Drop 84, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. The
support and cooperation of interested users are essential to the continued vitality
of the data base.
This data base can be obtained from (Dr. Jitendra Shah, President, G2
Environmental, Inc., 304 S.W. Hamilton Street, Portland, Oregon 97201
(503) 228-2335) one of the authors of this report; or the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS).
in

-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers and agencies who so generously contributed their time and VOCs
data to this project have our gratitude. Without their efforts there would be
nothing to report. We also thank in advance these and other researchers for
future contributions.
It is our pleasure to thank the Project Officer, Dr. Larry Cupitt of U.S.
EPA/ASRL, for initiating this update and for gathering the majority of the data
from EPA-funded sources. Without his technical assistance and unfailing
cheerfulness, this study would not have been completed.
Many other people had a hand in preparing this report. Drs. Hanwant Singh and
Richard Brodzinsky, the authors of the original report, provided invaluable
guidance and technical support. Their intimate knowledge of the VOC
measurement process contributed significantly to the rating and ranking of the
data.
Drs. M.A.K. Khalil, Rei Rassmusscn, of the Oregon Graduate Center; Robert
Lewis, Hal Richter, of EPA; and John Watson of the Desert Research Institute
were on the advisory panel and have provided critical technical review
throughout the project.
Drs. John Mackey of Occidental Chemical, and Lance Wallace and William Hunt
of U.S. EPA provided critical comments regarding rating and ranking
methodology and this report.
Members of Nero and Associates, Inc. staff who made significant contributions
include Laurie Sawtell, Ann Batson, Robyn Johnson, Bridget Gordon, Gail
Bramer, Amy Osborne, Arthur Nelson and Jennifer Kerr. Mark Heycrdahl
co-authored the VOC utility programs and assisted with statistical analysis and
data management.
J.J.S.
E.K.H.
iv

-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DISCLAIMER	ii
PREFACE	iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS	v
LIST OF TABLES	vi
I.	INTRODUCTION	1
A.	Background	1
B.	Objectives	1
C.	1980 VOC Data Base	1
II.	TECHNICAL APPROACH	3
A.	Review of the 1980 Data Base	3
1.	Reformatting and Modification of the 1980 Data Base	3
2.	Brief Description of dBase III+ Files	3
3.	Review of 1980 Data Base	6
B.	Addition of New Data	6
1.	Eligibility of Data for the 1987 Data Base	6
2.	Obtaining New Data	7
3.	Chemicals Included in the 1987 VOCs Data Base	8
4.	Description of Data Base File Structure	8
III.	RATING AND RANKING	18
A.	Background	18
B.	Approach	18
1.	Pilot Study	18
2.	Results of the Pilot Study	21
3.	Ranking	21
4.	Rating	27
IV.	QUALITY ASSURANCE	29
V.	SUMMARY	30
VI.	REFERENCES	85
VII.	BIBLIOGRAPHY	86
APPENDIX A. OLD AND NEW CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION AND CAS NUMBERS
APPENDIX B. VOC DATA ASSESSMENT/SURVEY FORM
APPENDIX C. LIST OF ERRORS FOUND IN 1980 VOC DATA BASE
APPENDIX D. USER'S GUIDE TO VOC DATA BASE UTILITY PROGRAM
v

-------
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table II-l Structure of the Seven Data Base Files	4
Table II-2 Number of Records in the 1987 VOC Data Base Files	9
Table II-3 Number of Records Extracted from Each Reference	16
Table I1I-1 1980 VOCs Data Base Quality Codes	19
Table III-2 Factors Affecting Data Quality	20
Table III-3 Description and Factor Weights for the	23
Ranking Factors
Table III-4 Factor Scoring Scheme for the Project	24
Table III-5 Rating and Ranking for Each Reference for	25
Most Chemicals
Table III-6 Number of References by Ranking Factor	27
Table III-7 Number of References by Rating Category	28
Table V-l	Daily Ambient Concentrations For all Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-AMBI) for All Ambient Site Types	31
Table V-2	Daily Indoor Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base V0C-IND0) for All Site Types	40
Table V-3	Daily Median Concentrations and Number of
Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals	44
Table V-4	Contributing References to Ambient Data Base by Chemical 74
Table V-5 Contributing References to Indoor Data Base by Chemical	83
vi

-------
I. INTRODUCTION
A.	Background
Anticipation of new federal regulations for air toxics has placed added
emphasis on the measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in most
states.	Consequently, knowledge concerning ambient atmospheric
concentrations of VOCs has advanced considerably in the last decade.
A national ambient VOCs data base was prepared for the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by collecting, evaluating and
consolidating reports of ambient concentrations of VOCs in the United
States for the years 1970 to 1980 (Brodzinsky and Singh, 1983). The EPA
report was well received and has proven to be a useful document to many
researchers.
In this study, the 1980 data base has been updated to include ambient and
indoor VOCs concentrations in urban, rural, remote, source-dominated and
indoor environments for the years 1980 to 1987. It covers more than 300
potentially hazardous VOCs. The updated data base is available on
microcomputer (IBM PC-compatible) diskettes for use with dBASE III+, a
relational data base management system.
This data base has many potential uses (Shah et al., 1987a and b; Shah
1988 a, b and c; Shah and Heyerdahl 1988). It can allow preliminary
comparison of air quality in urban, non-urban, source-dominated and indoor
environments. It can highlight areas of adequate and inadequate
information, allowing more efficient allocation of resources. It can also
provide a foundation for evaluating the implications of state and federal
regulations and litigations with industry.
B.	Obi ectives
Objectives of the data base update were to:
•	Review the 1980 VOCs data base and correct any discrepancies found;
•	Identify new published and unpublished VOCs data, critically evaluate
it, combine it with the previous data and summarize the resulting data
base; and
•	Provide the resulting data base in a microcomputer dBASE III+ format
designed to facilitate searching, sorting, editing, analysis and other
manipulations.
C.	The 1.980 VOCs Data Base
The existing VOCs data base, "Volatile Organic Chemicals in the
Atmosphere: An Assessment of Available Data," EPA 600/3-83-027(a), was
published in 1983. It contained data collected from 1970 to 1980 and was
created under a previous EPA contract in which 241 articles were
evaluated. Of these, 67 yielded 17,700 records of information on 132
chemicals; each record represented all the reported measurements for one
chemical at one site during one day.
1

-------
In addition, each data record includes maximum and minimum concentrations;
the total number of measurements included in the average and the number of
those which were below the detection limit or equal to zero; sampling and
analysis methods; sample start and stop times; time elapsed between
sampling and analysis; detection limit; and a quality rating. These data
have also been included in the 1987 data base.
All data were evaluated for their usefulness in concentration trend
analysis. It was found that for any specific chemical, too little data
were available to make accurate health assessments or trend analyses. The
data also were discovered to be limited primarily to the warmer months and
daylight hours, as well as to a few geographical regions.
NOTE: In this report, the original VOCs data base will be referred to as
the 1980 data base, while the update will be referred to as the 1987 VOCs
data base. The 1987 data base includes all of the 1980 data base.
2

-------
II. TECHNICAL APPROACH
This section describes the work elements required to achieve each of the
objectives identified in Section I as well as details of data base file
structures and contents.
A. Review of the 1980 Data Base
The 1987 data base subsumed the 17,700 records of the 1980 data base
(Brodzinsky and Singh, 1983). The reformatting and review of the 1980
data base are discussed in the following two sections.
1.	Reformatting and Modification of the 1980 Data Base
The 1980 data base, which consisted of 151 ASCII files, each
containing all the information on one chemical, was combined into six
dBase III+ files. The relational nature of dBase III+ permits the
linking of these files on key fields such as reference, site, and
chemical identification numbers which allows the elimination of much
duplication of data. For example, the information identifying a
specific site occupies one record in the VOC_SITE.DBF file rather than
several original fields of every record for each sample which was
taken at that site in the ASCII files. This represents considerable
conservation of computer storage when dealing with large data bases.
Two other major changes were made to the 1980 data base. The
concentrations were converted from parts per trillion volume (pptv) to
parts per billion volume (ppbv). The chemical identification numbers
were re-assigned as detailed in Section II.B.3 and the old and new
chemical identification numbers are listed in Appendix A. The
conversion factors for converting the data into parts per billion
Carbon (ppbC) or ug/m3 are included in a chemical information file
discussed in Section II.B.4.
2.	Brief Description of dBase IIT t- Files
Each of the dBase IJ.I+ files created for the 1987 data base are
briefly described below. The structures of these files are given in
Table II-l and their contents discussed in detail in Section II.B.4.
VOC_AMBI.DBF - This ambient daily average concentrations file contains
supporting information and the data quality evaluation.
VOC	INDO.DBF - This file contains indoor daily average concentrations,
supporting information and the data quality evaluation.
VOC_MTHD.DBF - Sampling and analysis methods as well as the minimum
quantitation limit are provided in this file.
VOC_SITE.DBF - This file contains information on the sampling sites.
VOC	REFS.DBF - Bibliographic information on the references from which
the data were extracted is included in this file.
3

-------
Table II-l. Structure of the Seven Data Base Files
1. and 2. VOC AMBI.DBF and VOC INDO.DBF
Field
Field Name
Type
Width
1
REF_ID
Character
4
2
SITE_ID
Character
3
3
CHEM_ID
Character
3
4
C0NC_PPB
Numeric
10
5
RSD
Numeric
4
6
NUM_SMPLS
Numeric
3
7
SAMP_DUR
Character
4
8
MAX_C0NC
Numeric
10
9
MIN_C0NC
Numeric
10
10
START_DATE
Date
8
11
START_TIME
Character
4
12
ST0P_DATE
Date
8
13
STOP_TIME
Character
4
14
DELAY_HRS
Numeric
4
15
NUMLESSMQL
Numeric
3
16
COMMENTS
Character
16
17
RANKING
Character
4
18
RATING
Character
1
** Total **

104
3.	VOC MTHD.DBF
Field
Field Name
Type
Width
1
REF_ID
Character
4
2
SITE_ID
Character
3
3
CHEM_ID
Character
3
4
SAMP_MiTHD
Character
8
5
ANAL_MTHD
Character
8
6
MQL
Numeric
10
** Total **

37
4.
VOC SITE.DBF
:ld
Field Name
Type
Width
1
REF_ID
Character
4
2
SITE_ID
Character
3
3
SITE_TYPE
Character
2
4
LATITUDE
Numeric
6
5
LONGITUDE
Numeric
7
6
SITE_ADDR
Character
24
7
CITY
Character
16
8
STATE
Character
2
9
SAR0AD_N0
Character
12
Total **

77
Dec
4

-------
Table II-l. Structure of the Seven Data Base Files
(Continued)
5.
VOC REFS.DBF
NOTE: This file has an associated VOC_REFS.DBT file
contains text of the memo field.
which
Id
Field Name
Type
Width
1
REF_ID
Character
4
2
CHEMS_MEAS
Character
125
3
PRININVEST
Character
20
4
AUTHORS
Character
100
5
TITLE
Character
200
6
CITATION
Character
200
7
YEAR
Character
4
8
NUM_REC0RD
Numeric
6
9
OBJECTIVE
Memo
10
Total **

670
Dec
6.	VOC CHEM.DBF
Field
Field Name
Type
Width
1
CHEM_ID
Character
3
2
CAS_N0
Character
12
3
CAS_NAME
Character
48
4
SYNONYMS
Character
128
5
FORMULA
Character
20
6
NUMCARBONS
Numeric
2
7
mol_wt
Numeric
8
8
PPB_2_UGM3
Numeric
6
9
VPVAL
Character
14
10
VPUNITS
Character
4
11
COMMENTS
Character
32
** Total **

278
7.	VOC LOC.DBF
Field
Field Name
Type
Width
1
CHEM_ID
CHARACTER
3
2
CAS_NO
CHARACTER
12
3
CHEM_NAME
CHARACTER
48
4
RELCHEMID
CHARACTER
30
** Total **

93
5

-------
VOC	CHEM.DBF - Information on each chemical in the data base is
included in this file along with factors to convert concentrations
from ppbV to ppbC or ug/m3.
VOC LQC.DBF - This locator file lists synonyms of and chemicals
related to the VOCs included in the data base.
3. Review of 1980 Data Base
Fifteen references were selected at random to be checked for data
extraction and input errors. However, the references thus chosen did
not yield sufficient data records for an adequate evaluation.
Therefore, thirteen additional references (for a total of 20% of the
references from which data were extracted) were selected which yielded
approximately 1000 data records. Of these, we examined 175 records to
ascertain errors, if any. Almost no data entry errors were found.
Several instances of minor inconsistencies between stated procedure
and actual procedure were discovered, but these were minimal and the
integrity of the data base was not called into question. A listing of
the specific errors found is provided in Appendix D.
Several other corrections were made to the 1980 data base. New
categories were added for analysis methods of aldehydes,
pararosaniline (P-ROSE) and chromotropic acid (CTA). When
appropriate, and where possible these methods were substituted for wet
chemical (WETCHEM) in the 1980 data base. Site information was
adjusted for reference 41 to improve consistency. Much of the data
from reference 21 was replaced by data from reference 284.
While we did not specifically search for data from before 1980 during
the update, we encountered several studies from this time period which
were not in the 1980 data base but which yielded useful information
and were included in the 1987 data base.
B. Addition of New Data
1. Eligibility of Data for the 1987 Data Base
The data which were eligible for inclusion in the 1987 data base
varied slightly from those which were eligible for inclusion in the
1980 data base. We specifically sought data only for the 151
chemicals which were targeted for the 1980 data base; however, when
encountered, we extracted data on other VOCs. Therefore, the 1987
data base covers more than 300 chemicals.
We specifically sought data only from 1980 to the present, but again
if we encountered eligible data from before 1980, we included them in
the update.
We sought data from both the outdoor and indoor environments.
However, indoor concentrations are limited to either residential or
office spaces, while outdoor data are limited to fenceline and
beyond. The outdoor and indoor data are separated into two data bases
with same structure. The indoor data base (VOC	INDO.DBF) also
contains the outdoor measurements data associated with the indoor
measurements reported in references.
6

-------
We sought new data collected only in the United States. A very-
limited amount of data from Canadian sites was included in the 1980
data base.
We used daily average concentrations where more than one sample was
taken per day.
The vast majority of the data are surface measurements. We did
include aircraft samples taken from the troposphere, but not from the
stratosphere (10 to 50km).
Obtaining New Data
We began our search for data by sending surveys to numerous
individuals, most of whom were known to be working with VOCs. Only a
dozen or so individuals replied and only half of these provided data.
We therefore contacted researchers by telephone. This yielded a
substantial amount of data both in the form of published and
unpublished reports and journal articles, and in computer readable
data. An example of the survey is provided in Appendix B.
The second major data acquisition effort was a computerized literature
search using the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) data base accessed
through the DIALOG Information Retrieval Service.
The search was conducted by key words combined with CAS registry
numbers as outlined below.
Dialog Command		Comments	
!399	Use CA Search Data Base 399
LIMIT ALL/92000001-199999999 limited to 1980 to present
LIMIT ALL/ENG.NPT	limited to English; no patents
SS
AIR?
? denotes any word beginning with
"air", e.g. air, airborne
SS
ATMOSPHERE?

SS
AMBIENT?

SS
TRACE?

SS
VAPOR?

SS
INDOOR?

SS
ENVIRONMENT?

SS
CONCENTRATION?

SS
AIR/SH
limited to the Air Pollution section
heading
SS
CS=USA
limited the corporate source (i.e.
address of author) to the United States
These keywords were combined into one group using the Boolean "or",
which eliminated duplicate references. This group was then combined,
using the Boolean "and", with CAS registry numbers for each of the 151
target chemicals. This yielded 3000 references. The titles of these
references were reviewed and rejected if they indicated: (1) a study

-------
of emissions or sources; (2) a solely health related study; (3) a
laboratory or modeling study; or, (4) an industrial workplace study.
Thus, of the original 3000 references, 710 were determined to be
potentially eligible for inclusion in the update. As many of these
references as possible were located and reviewed.
3.	Chemicals Included in the 1987 VOCs Data Base
As indicated above, we actively sought only the 151 chemicals which
were targeted for the 1980 data base. However, data about other
eligible volatile organic chemicals which were sampled along with
these targeted chemicals were also extracted. This increased the
number of chemicals to 320. Chemicals which were eligible for
inclusion were those: (1) with vapor pressures greater than 10"6
Torr at 20 °C; (2) known to exist predominantly in the gas phase,
not the particle phase; and, (3) which were not pesticides.
This addition of chemicals to the data base necessitated the
reassignment of the chemical identification numbers. It was decided
for several reasons to abandon the health hazard categories which were
implicit in the chemical identification numbers for the 1980 data
base. The health hazards posed by some chemicals are unknown or
ambiguous, and the dBASE III+ structure allows convenient regrouping
of chemical species by health effects and other researches.
To assign the new chemical identification numbers, the chemicals were
ordered by CAS registry number and numbered sequentially. The four
chemicals for which we could find no CAS registry number (diphenyl
ether, cumene, butyne, and 7-methyl-3-methylene-l, 6-octadiene ) were
assigned a value in the CAS registry number field of 00-00-1 through
00-00-4. A listing of the chemical identification numbers used in the
1980 data base along with their corresponding identification numbers
in the 1987 data base are provided in Appendix A.
Chemicals which were often not resolved, such as the m/p-xylenes, were
often reported as a single concentration. However, changes in
sampling and analysis methods have sometimes allowed the
concentrations of these chemicals to be determined separately. For
those species which were reported as unresolved peaks of two
chemicals, the data were reported under both chemical identification
numbers and a note placed in the comments field that the concentration
was unresolved. This was done for both the 1980 and the 1987 data
bases.
4.	Description of Data Bases File Structure
In order to conserve computer storage space by eliminating repeated
fields, the data base has been divided into seven files. These can be
easily linked together on key fields using simple dBase III+ commands
or the dBase III+ utility programs provided with the data base. The
data files, their sizes and the number of records they contain, are
given in Table II-2. Their structures were outlined previously in
Table II-l.
8

-------
Table II-2. Number of Records in the 1987 VOC Data Base Files

Number
Size
Name
of Records
in Bvtes
VOC_.AMBI.DBF
122,820
12,773,890
VOC_INDO.DBF
52,810
5,493,248
V0C_MTHD.DBF
11,603
429,537
V0C_SITE.DBF
2,082
160,636
V0C_REFS.DBF
313
206,012
V0C_REFS.DBT

14,849
V0C_CHEM.DBF
320
89,600
V0C_L0C.DBF
832
73,370
9

-------
The following paragraphs provide a detailed discussion of the purpose
of each file and its fields. All fields with the same name,
regardless of the file in which they are found, contain similar
information and are the key fields. The contents of these fields will
only be explained for the file in which they are first encountered.
In general, character fields which contain numbers, REF	ID for
example, are right justified. The one exception is the CAS	NO field
which is left justified. All entries are in uppercase for all files
with the exception of VOC_REF.DBF which is in both upper and lower
case.
VOC AMBI.DBF and VOC	INDO.DBF: The largest files contain ambient
and indoor daily average concentrations and supporting information
respectively. These files also contain the data quality evaluation
ranking and rating. Both of these files have the same structures.
VOC AMBI.DBF contains the ambient concentration data, while
VOC_INDO.DBF contains the indoor and associated ambient data.
REF_ID: This field contains the number of the reference from
which the data is drawn. Reference numbers for the 1987 data base
begin with number 242.
SITE_ID: Site numbers were assigned beginning with 1 for each
reference. Therefore, both the reference and the site number are
required to uniquely define a site and both must be used in
linking files together. In cases where more than one method was
employed for sampling or analysis of a particular chemical, a
different site number was assigned to data from each method.
CHEH	ID: The chemical identification number is a three
character number unique to this data base. These chemical
identification numbers serve the same function as the chemical
identifiers used in the 1980 data base but they are not identical
for reasons explained in Section I.B.3. A list of the chemical
identifiers from the 1980 data base and their corresponding values
for this update are contained in Appendix A. The new numbers were
derived from an ordered list of the CAS numbers. Therefore, they
are essentially arbitrary. This renumbering was necessitated by
the addition of more than 150 new chemicals to the data base. The
hazard categories from the 1980 data base have been eliminated as
explained in Section II.B.3.
C0NC_PPB: This field contains the concentration in parts per
billion by volume. In the case where more than one sample was
taken per day, the concentrations were, in general, averaged and
weighted by sampling time when the sampling time varied over the
course of one day. For the case in which more than one sample was
included in the average, values less than the minimum quantifiable
limit (MQL) were included as one half of the MQL when the MQL was
given. If the MQL was not given, values less than MQL will be
10

-------
VOC_AMBI.DBF and VOC_INDO.DBF (cont.)
included as zeros in the average. If the resulting average was
less than the MQL, a zero was entered into the data base,
otherwise the calculated average was input. When only a daily
average concentration was reported as less than MQL, zeros were
input.
RSD: The relative standard deviation is expressed in percent. It
is the standard deviation of the concentration divided by the average
concentration multiplied by 100. This could be either the computed
RSD for the multiple samples comprising a single record in the data
base of the estimated RSD for repetitive measurements using the
sampling and analysis techniques.
NUM SMPLS: This field gives the number	of samples used to
compute the average concentration.
MIN_C0NC: The minimum concentration included	in the average.
This field is blank when the record represents	only one sample.
MAX CONC: The maximum concentration included in the average.
This field is blank when the record represents only one sample.
NUMLESSMQL: The number of concentration values included in the
average which are less than the minimum quantitation limit.
START	DATE: The date on which sampling began. In the case of
samples where no day of the month or month of the year is
provided, the start date was input as the first day of that month
or year and the stop date as the last day of that month or year.
While it was recognized that a null value for the day or month
would have eliminated confusion on this point, dBase III+ requires
a value.
START	TIME: The time at which sampling began, based on the 24
hour clock. If no time was given "0000" was entered.
ST0P_DATE: The date on which sampling ended. See START_DATE.
ST0P_TIME: The time at which sampling ended, based on the 24
hour clock. If no time was given "0000" was entered.
DELAY HRS: The time between sampling and analysis, in hours.
We did not distinguish between cases where the delay time was
actually zero (i.e. direct sampling) and cases where the delay
time was not given.
RANKING: See Section III for a full discussion of ranking.
1.1

-------
VOC_AMBI.DBF and VOC_INDO.DBF (cont.)
RATING: See Section III for a full discussion of the 1980
quality code and the 1987 rating. This field includes both the
quality code which was assigned to the 1980 data base (for
reference numbers less than 242) and the rating assigned to this
update for reference numbers 242 and greater. The quality code is
also explained in the section on rating.
SAMP_DUR: The duration of sampling. Encoded as below.
HR	- more than one hour
DA	- one day (24 hours)
>DA	- more than one day but less than one week
WK	- one week
>WK	- more than one week
? ? ?	- unknown
COMMENTS: Any pertinent information which did not logically
fit into other fields was included here. The duplication of
co-eluting chemicals, such as m/p-xylene, (as explained in
Section I.B.3), was noted in this field. The sampling height for
aircraft samples was also given in this field. The simultaneous
measurement	of	indoor/outdoor	concentrations	or
gaseous/particulate concentrations were also noted in this field.
VOC MTHD.DBF: The second largest file contains information on
sampling and analysis methods and minimum quantitation limits. It
contains one record for each chemical at each site for each reference
of V0C_AMBI.DBF and V0C_IND0.DBF.
REF_ID: Defined earlier.
SITE_ID: Defined earlier.
CHEM_ID: Defined earlier.
SAMP_MTHD: The sampling method was encoded as below. In cases
where more than one method was employed for sampling or analysis
of a particular chemical, a different site number was assigned to
data from each method.
DIRECT	The sample was either taken directly by the
analytical instrument or analyzed immediately.
PRESSCAN	Pressurized canister.
ABSRES	Absorbing resin, exclusive of TENAX.
TENAX
TENAXDV	TENAX, distributed volume.
BAG
COLDTRAP
BUBBLER
PASSIVE
12

-------
ANAL MTHD: The analysis method was encoded as below. In cases
where more than one method was employed for sampling or analysis
of a particular chemical, a different site number was assigned to
data from each method.
GC	Gas chromatography with unknown detector.
GC/ECD	GC with electron capture detection.
GCECCOUL	GC with electron capture/coulometric detection.
GCFIDFPD	GC with flame ionization or photometric
detection.
GC/MPD	GC with microwave plasma detection.
GC/MS	GC with mass spectrometry.
GC/PID	GC with photoionization detection.
GLC/TEA	Gas liquid chromatography with thermal electron
activation.
HPLC	High performance liquid chromatography.
FTIR	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
THC	Total hydrocarbon analysis.
CHEMILUM	Chemiluminescence.
BIOASSAY
WETCHEM	Wet chemical methods used in analysis of
aldehydes included two new analysis methods,
added, chronotropic acid and pararosaniline.
Where possible, the specific method of analysis
was substituted for WETCHEM in the 1980 data
base.
CTA	Chronotropic acid
P-ROSE	Pararosaniline
DNPH	Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
GCPIDHEC	GC Photoionization detector, Hall Electrochemical
MQL: This field contains the lower quantifiable limit (LQL)
which represents the variability of field blanks, when it was
available, in parts per billion by volume. If a minimum detection
limit (MDL) which represents the sensitivity of the laboratory
method and is lower than the LQL, was given rather than a minimum
quantifiable limit (MQL), this was input instead.
VOC	SITE.DBF: The third largest file contains information on the
sampling sites. Site numbers were assigned beginning with 1 for each
reference. Therefore, both the reference and site numbers are
required to uniquely define a site and both must be used in linking
files together.
REF_ID:	Defined earlier.
SITE_ID:	Defined earlier.
SITE_TYPE: The site type was encoded as below. We found that
assigning a value to this field was often difficult due both to
lack of primary information about the sampling sites and to
inconsistent use of terras. Distinction between suburban and urban
13

-------
was difficult to make. When possible, we have used the site type
as defined by the authors. In the case of aircraft samples, the
site type corresponds to the surface over which it was sampled.
For example, a sample taken over Houston would be designated urban
and the sampling height noted in the comments field of
VOC_AMBI.DBF and VOC_INDO.DBF.
RE -	Remote (e.g. coastal or free tropospheric)
RU -	Rural
SU -	Suburban
UR -	Urban
SD -	Source dominated
1R -	Indoor residential
IW -	Indoor workplace, this does not include
industrial exposures, rather it is to
distinguish samples collected in offices from
those collected in homes.
PR -	Personal, this does not include industrial
exposures.
LATITUDE In degrees and fractions of a degree. If no specific
value was given, we used center city values. This value is often
not available for indoor samples. Because characteristics of the
building being sampled are more important than exact geographic
location, we did not pursue this value if it was not provided.
LONGITUDE In degrees and fractions of a degree. See LATITUDE.
SITE ADDR The address of the sampling site. For indoor
samples, where an address is rarely given, this field includes
more pertinent information when it was provided, such as the air
changes per hour, age of the house, number of smokers, site
identifier from the original reference, etc.
CITY: The city in which the sampling site is located.
STATE: The state in which the sampling site is located. The
standard two digit code was used.
SAROAD	NO: The SAROAD (Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric
Data) number when it was available.
VOC_REFS.DBF: This file contains bibliographic information on data
sources. The references used in this update were numbered
sequentially beginning with reference 242. While all 241 references
from the 1980 data base are included in this file, data was extracted
from only 61 of these references. Table II-3 lists the number of
records extracted from each of the references. This file has an
associated VOC_REF.DBT file which contains the text of the memo field.
REF ID:	Defined earlier.
14

-------
CHEMS MEAS: The chemical identification number (CHEM_ID) for
all the chemicals for which information was extracted from that
reference.
PRININVEST: The principal investigator.
AUTHORS: The authors of the report or journal article or the
individual responsible for sampling and analysis.
TITLE: The title of the report of journal article or the
agency or institution from whom the data was obtained.
CITATION: The standard journal citation or the report number
and institution which prepared the report.
YEAR: The year in which the reference was published or the
data was provided.
NUM	RECORD: The number of records in VOC	AMBI.DBF and VOC
INDO.DBF which were extracted from the reference.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study.	This field also
contains information on other measurements	which may have been
made simultaneously, such as meteorology and	particulate matter,
or other pertinent comments.
VOC	CHEM.DBF: This file contains information on the chemicals for
which data were extracted. Data were extracted on 170 chemicals in
addition to the 151 from the 1980 data base, as explained in
Section II.B.3, bringing the total to 320. This necessitated a
reassignment of the chemical identification numbers developed for the
1980 data base. This is discussed in more detail in Section II.3.B.
In general, this file follows CAS conventions, as noted below. This
file can be used in conjunction with V0C_L0C.DBF, the chemical locator
file, which lists both synonyms of the chemicals included in the data
base as well as related chemicals, and is explained below.
CHEM_ID: Defined earlier.
CAS_N0: The registry number assigned by CAS.
CAS_NAME: The name assigned by CAS.
SYNONYMS: While an attempt was made to include all the common
synonyms for the chemical, this list is by no means exhaustive.
Names are separated by semi-colons.
FORMULA: The chemical formula, written following CAS
conventions.
15

-------
^ ~
6
10
13
20
21
27
28
39
41
48
55
59
62
71
72
73
74
75
96
105
106
108
109
118
120
122
125
126
127
139
140
144
161
169
170
172
173
174
175
179
184
185
188
191
194
195
Table II-3.
Number of Records Extracted from Each Reference
No. of

No. of

No. of
Records
Ref. No.
Records
Ref. No.
Records
42
196
16
266
18
32
199
1
267
8
45
204
69
268
8
694
205
172
269
15
1058
206
877
270
28
1
220
7
271
12
21
222
6
272
34
1848
227
12
273
24
70
229
1686
274
12
9
230
1
275
2317
13
231
6
276
2470
8
232
189
277
250
7
233
30
278
4203
13
234
13
279
872
7
235
297
280
16
11
236
49
281
21
3
237
95
282
63
55
238
45
283
56
6
239
770
284
7217
5
240
6
285
554
37
241
8
286
45
101
242
56
287
3
9
243
149
289
16
7
244
28
290
569
5
245
13
291
141
67
246
120
292
8
16
247
854
293
41
335
248
2
294
4
431
249
101
295
1966
10
250
237
296
164
28
251
22
297
65
3233
252
37,458
298
3244
112
253
2329
299
1744
116
254
5616
300
4267
69
255
1037
301
5498
168
256
4104
302
1093
1308
257
6,742
303
132
99
258
378
304
425
725
259
984
305
20
49
260
48
306
101
10
261
505
307
527
15
262
865
308
18,165
350
263
53
309
11,634
27
264
42
310
2,436
5
265
8
311
17,550
55


312
18



313
184
16

-------
NUMCARBONS: The number of carbon atoms in the molecule, used
to convert values from parts per billion Carbon (ppbC) to parts
per billion volume (ppbv). Divide ppbC by number of carbon to get
ppbv.
MOL_WT: The gram molecular weight.
PPB_2_UGM3: The factor used to convert values from parts per
billion volume to micrograms per cubic meter. The concentration
in ug/m3 is the product of the concentration in ppbv and the
conversion factor.
VPVAL: The value of the vapor pressure, when available.
VPUNITS: The units of the vapor pressure, when available.
COMMENTS: Any pertinent information which does not logically
fit in any of the above fields.
VOC_LOC.DBF: This locator file lists synonyms and isomers of the
chemicals in the data base. If specific isomers of a chemical have
data in the data base, the general term of that chemical is included
in VOC	LOC.DBF and vice versa. It can be used as an aide to locating
chemical identification numbers.
CHEM_ID: This field is as explained above. It will contain a
value only when the name is a synonym for a chemical actually
included in the data base.
CAS	NO: the CAS registry number. This is given for all
chemicals where the number could be located.
CHEM NAME: This field contains a chemical name. The name may
be either the CAS name for the chemical or a common name given to
the chemical.
RELCHEMID: This field contains related chemical identification
numbers of related compounds, specifically the identification
numbers of other isomeric forms with the same chemical name.
17

-------
III. RANKING AND RATING
In this section, we discuss the development of our ranking and rating system
to assess data quality and the results of a pilot study.
A.	Background
Many data bases include data quality codes for overall data quality. The
1980 VOCs data base included such a one-digit code (1 through 4)
corresponding to the potential error limits of the data. Code Z was input
when the authors of the data base were unable to assign a quality code.
The 1980 codes and their meanings are included in Table III-l.
Assignment of quality codes in the 1980 data base was subjective. The
authors integrated the available published and unpublished information
along with their personal knowledge and experience to arrive at quality
codes for the data (Table III-l).
For the new data in the 1987 VOCs data base, we developed a two-step
quality code procedure in an attempt to make the process less subjective
and the codes more meaningful. No attempt was made to reassign ranking
and ratings to the 1980 data base, and the original quality codes have
been retained for these data.
B.	Approach
Instead of reporting a composite score for the data quality as was done
for the 1980 data base, we report two scores: data ranking and data
rating. Ranking is a multi-digit number which gives a numerical
evaluation of factors affecting data quality. Ranking digits range from 0
to 5. Ranking is useful to researchers familiar with VOCs measurements.
The separate digits of the ranking were combined to yield a weighted
average composite which was used to assign rating which is an overall
evaluation of data quality. The composite rating score range was A to D,
and Z. Rating is useful to those not familiar with VOCs measurement
processes or not interested in detailed factor scores. The ranking step,
which we have included explicitly in the 1987 VOCs data base, was implicit
in the quality code for the existing 1980 VOCs data base.
1. Pilot Study
We performed a pilot study to evaluate the data extraction procedure
and the appropriateness of the ranking and rating system. Ten
references were extracted and assessed for quality as described
above. All members of the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) and EPA
staff were asked to review and evaluate these scoring methods.
For the pilot study, a preliminary list of factors affecting data
quality (Table III-2) was developed. The eleven factors originally
proposed were too many to be evaluated usefully and the eleven-digit
number for ranking was too long to be scanned quickly. The eleven
factors were combined to yield four factors titled; methodology,
quantification, representativeness, and documentation for the pilot
18

-------
Table III-l. 1980 VOCs Data Base Quality Codes1
Oualitv Code
DescriDtion2
Category
1
& = 1.25
Excellent
2
£ =1.50
Good
3
& - 2.00
Acceptable
4
£ >2.0
Questionable
Z
Unable to Assign quality code

1.	The information to make a quantitative assessment was lacking, and the
authors had to rely on their own experience and judgment. Assignment of
codes included consideration of original researcher's comments,
appropriateness of analytic techniques, known limits of techniques'
accuracy, and magnitude of reported concentrations.
2.	The factor £ establishes the probable "best" error limits of the data
assuming good practices were followed in sample collection and analysis.
The "true" concentration is judged to be within a factor of £ from the
measured concentration (e.g., a measurement of 100 with quality code 2,
£=1.5, implies that the "true" concentration may lie between 66.7 and 150).
Source: Brodzinsky and Singh (1983)
19

-------
Table III-2. Factors Affecting Data Quality
Factors Included in the Pilot Studv
Combined Final Factors
• Appropriateness of Sampling
and Analysis Methods.
•
Methodology.
• Calibration procedure
and use of standards.
•
Quantification.
• Comparison with other
reported data.
•
Documentation.
• Artifact problems.


• Precision of the method.


• Documentation.


• Observed concentration
relative to limits of detection.


• Internal consistency.


• External laboratory QA.


• Objective of monitoring.


• Meteorological influences.


20

-------
study. These factors were scored on a scale of 0 to 9. For
calculating a composite average these four factors were assigned
weights of 10, 10, 7.5 and 5, respectively. The composite scores were
divided into classifications and assigned a one-digit rating which
reflected overall data quality. A minimum value (or screen) was
designated for the first two factors (methodology and
quantification). Data falling below this screen are considered
questionable. In cases where one of these two factors falls below the
screen, the data are given a rating of E (not computed). This
protects against erroneous rating of questionable data.
The scoring method and rating system were modified in consultation
with the EPA Project Officer. Because this is a sensitive issue, we
emphasize that any such quality scoring system has limitations.
Furthermore, the importance of data quality depends on applications.
2.	Results of the Pilot Study
Based on the comments from the pilot study review, the rating and
ranking methodology was modified as follows:
0 The factor, "representativeness", was judged too vague and
subjective. It was eliminated.
•	The factor scoring scale of 0 to 9 was judged to be too broad and
conducive to subjective judgment. Instead, a scale of 1 to 5 with
more objective descriptions was judged to be more consistently
applied by the various individuals doing the ranking.
•	The program used to calculate rating from ranking has been
provided in the data base. This will permit future changes or
manipulations of the scoring scale and factor weights.
•	Due to the controversial nature of rating and ranking the data,
the possibility of not performing a quality assessment was
discussed. However, it was felt that data quality codes, although
controversial, were valuable. Users who strongly object to this
procedure can always ignore the quality codes for their
application or assign a different code to their copy of the data
base.
•	The weights given to the factor scores for computing the rating
were found to be reasonable.
3.	Ranking
The new data included in the 1987 data base were evaluated and scored
on each of the three factors selected from the pilot study. These are:
•	Methodology;
•	Quantification; and,
•	Documentation;
21

-------
A scale of 1 to 5 was used. A value of Z was assigned to data that
could not be evaluated to be consistent with the 1980 data base. Each
digit of the ranking is the score for one of the factors listed above,
in that order. A brief description of the factors and their weights
in the composite score is included in Table III-3. These were
determined by a consensus among the authors, the EPA Project Officer,
and some of the PAC members. The factor scoring scheme is included in
Table III-4 for all factors.
Factor Scoring
A factor score of 5 represents excellence or perfection. Since
improvements can always be made on all aspects of VOCs data, none of
the factors were given a score of 5.
A factor score of 4 represents the use of exemplary practices. When
good, but commonplace, procedures were used, a score of 3 was given.
Most of the references were given a score of 3 for most factors. A
score of 2 was given when the procedure was only adequate or
satisfactory. A score of 1 was considered to be "questionable."
Application of this small range of the ranking process provided more
consistent scores: two or more independent reviewers assigned the
same ranking to the data. The data ranking is the list of each
factor's raw score. Different chemicals, and sometimes different
samples, were given individual ranking and rating. Table III-5 lists
the ranking for most of the chemicals and a majority of the data in
each reference included in the 1987 data base.
The number of references which fell into each ranking level is given
in Table III-6.
Factor Weight
Since not all three factors affect data quality equally, different
weights were assigned to each factor. This weight represents the
relative importance of that factor to data quality for this data
base. Documentation, though important for data assessment, was
considered less important than methodology and quantification for data
quality. Although methodology is important, quantification was deemed
to be more important. The factor weights of 30%, 50%, and 20% were
assigned to methodology, quantification, and documentation,
respectively.
Composite Score
The factor scores (Table III-4) were multiplied by the factor weights
(Table III-3) and added together to calculate a composite score. The
theoretical composite score range was 1 to 5.
22

-------
Table III-3. Description and Factor Weights for the Ranking Factors
Factor
Weight
Brief Description of the Factor
Methodology
0.3
Appropriateness of sampling and analysis methods
(including collection efficiency, sample stability, and
analytical sensitivity). This is the first digit of
the ranking.
Quantification 0.5
Internal and external QA, QC, calibration procedures
and frequency, observed concentration relative to the
detection limit, internal consistency, precision,
representativeness of the concentration as a daily
average. This is the second digit of the ranking.
Documentation
0.2
Documentation, including objective of monitoring, peer
review, standard operating procedures, comprehensive
description of all procedures, description of ancillary
information (e.g. meteorology). Includes personal
communication in absence of written available
documentation. This is the third digit of the ranking.
23

-------
Table III-4. Factor Scoring Scheme for the Project
Factor Score
Description
5
Excellent
4
Good
3
Average
2
Satisfactory
1
Questionable
Z
Unable to Assign
Comoosite Score
Ratinp Descriotion
> 3.6-5.0
A Very Good
3.0-3.6
B Good
2.3-2.9
C Average
2.0-2.3
I) Satisfactory

Z Unable to Assign
3
Composite Score = z wi Fi » where W,- = weight of the factor, i
i=1	Fj — score for the factor, i
24

-------
Table III-5. Rating and Ranking for Each Reference for Most Chemicals
Record#
REF_ID
RANKING
COMPOSITE
RATING
PROJECT NAME/AUTHORS
1
126
334
3.20
B
HYDROCARBON/EPA/LONNEMAN
2
242
334
3.20
B
CARBONYLS/ GROSJEAN
3
243
333
3.00
B
CARBONYLS/GROSJEAN
4
244
434
3.50
B
MONOTERPENE/HOLDREN
5
245
434
3.50
B
METHYLCHOLOROFORM/MAKIDE
6
246
232
2.50
C
FORMALDEHYDE/BAAQMD
7
247
333
3.00
B
HYDROCARBON/PA/WESTBERG
8
248
444
4.00
A
CARCINOGENS/SINGH ET AL.
9
249
334
3.20
B
ALDEHYDES/MENG
10
250
333
3.00
B
PAN/LEWIS ET AI..
11
251
333
3.00
B
INDOOR/MONTEITU
12
252
434
3.50
B
NMOC/McELROY
13
253
444
4.00
A
EPA/SINGH ET AL.
14
254
234
2.90
C
ATEOS/LIOY
15
255
434
3.50
A
TAMS/EPA/WALLING
16
256
332
2.80
C
DATA/CLARK COUNTY, NV
17
257
334
3.20
B
CARB/SAJ
18
258
444
4.00
A
BATTELLE/HOLDREN
19
259
323
2.50
C
HOAS/LONNEMAN
20
260
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/OFFERMAN/LBL
21
261
444
4.00
A
METHYL CHLORIDE/EDGERTON
22
262
434
3.50
B
INDOOR/BELL LABS/SHIELDS
23
263
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/TURIEL
24
264
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LBL/HODGSON
25
265
324
2.70
C
INDOOR/LBL/SCHMIDE
26
266
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LBL/OFFERMANN
27
267
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LBL/BERK
28
268
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LBL/MIKSCH
29
270
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LIPSCHUTZ
30
271
444
4.00
A
METHANE/ROWLAND
31
272
444
4.00
A
TCF METHANE/HUSAIN
32
273
334
3.20
B
FORMAT DEHYDE/LIPARI
33
274
333
3.00
B
HALOCARBON/RUS SELL
34
275
4Z4
0.00
Z
BALTIMORE/VERSAR
35
276
334
3.20
B
CLEVELAND/BATTELLE
36
277
343
3.50
B
FORMALDE. PHIL./LAZENKA
37
278
333
3.00
B
CHICAGO/WESTBERG
38
279
434
3.50
B
1983/EPA/SINGH ET AL
39
280
334
3.20
B
FORMALDEHYDE/KONOPINSKI
40
281
434
3.50
B
NONMETHANE/GREENBERG
41
282
234
2.90
C
FORMALDEHYDE/S CHUTTE
42
283
234
2.90
C
INDOOR/HODGSON
43
284
234
2.90
C
N.J./EPA/BOZZELLI
44
285
334
3.20
B
HYDROCARBON/EPA/WESTBERG
45
286
434
3.50
B
LONG PATH/EPA/TUAZON
46
287
333
3.00
B
N.J./LAGOMARSINO
47
288
344
3.70
A
LINCOLN TUNNEL/LONNEMAN
25

-------
Table III-5. Rating and Ranking for Each Reference for Most Chemicals
(Continued)
Record# REF_ID RANKING COMPOSITE RATING PROJECT NAME/AUTHORS
48
289
334
3.20
B
L.A./EATOUGH
49
290
334
3.20
B
REMOTE/ROBERTS
50
291
324
2.70
C
SHALE OIL/HAWTHORNE
51
292
323
2.50
C
INDOOR/LBL/BERK ET AL
52
293
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LBL/TRAYNOR ET AL
53
294
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/LBL/YOUNG ET AL
54
295
333
3.00
B
FORMALDEHYDE/BAAQMD
55
296
334
3.20
B
COMP.ANLS./PELLIZZARI
56
297
334
3.20
B
MONOTERPENE/ROBERTS
57
298
4Z2
0.00
Z
PHILADELPHIA/VERSAR
58
299
344
3.70
A
INDOOR/OAK RDG/HAWTHORNE
59
300
333
3.00
B
BAY AREA/KOPPE
60
301
434
3.50
B
LI FETIME/PRINN
61
302
3Z3
0.00
Z
NONMETHANE/McALLISTER
62
303
233
2.70
C
LONG PATH/HANST
63
304
434
3.50
B
BENZENE/RASMUSSEN
64
305
434
3.50
B
VOC/RASMUSSEN
65
306
434
3.50
B
METHANE/KHALIL
66
307
444
4.00
A
KANAWHA VALLEY/BATTELLE
67
308
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/TEAM/EPA/WALLACE
68
309
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/TEAM/EPA/WALLAC E
69
310
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/TEAM/EPA/WALLAC E
70
311
334
3.20
B
INDOOR/TEAM/EPA/WALLACE
71
312
334
3.20
B
CRYOGENIC/SHEPSON
72
313
434
3.50
B
HALOGENATED/SIMMONDS
ET AL
Ranking of Ranking Digits
Range of Ranking
Range of Composite
Range of Rating
2 to 4
222 to 444
0. to 4.00
A to C and Z
26

-------
Table III-6. Number of References by Ranking Factor


RANKING FACTOR

RANKING



SCORE LEVEL
METHODOLOGY
QUANTIFICATION
DOCUMENTATION
5
0
0
0
4
22
10
55
3
44
55
14
2
6
4
3
1
0
0
0
Z
0
3
0
4. Rating
The composite score range was partitioned for rating. This range and
its relation to rating are given in Table 111-4. The rating
classifications were limited to five categories (A to D and Z) as was
done for the 1980 VOCs data base quality codes and other EPA quality
codes. However, the 1980 data base quality codes have been retained
as digits 1 to 4 and Z, which do not correspond directly to the 1987
data base rating. The short rating description in Table III-4 is not
rigid.
Concentrations which are near detection limits should receive a lower
ranking and rating. However, time constraints did not allow us to do
this.
Table III-7 lists number of references which fell into each rating
category. Although the system of ranking and rating described here is
still subjective, we attempted to broaden the perspective by having
several researchers initially score the data and distribute the
ranking to the PAC members for their review and comments. Data base
users should weigh the applicability of this scheme to their
requirements before making use of the ranking and rating scores.
27

-------
Table III-7. Number of References by Rating Category
RATING CATEGORY
NO. OF REFERENCES
A
10
B
48
C
11
D
0
Z
3
28

-------
IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE
In order to ensure accuracy of the data transfer, the following elements of a
QC procedure were an integral part of the data-gathering process in this
project. Each QC procedure and its usefulness is briefly described below.
•	Only experienced data entry personnel were used.
The emphasis on data entry was mainly on accuracy of data entry, and not
on speed. All data entry personnel were experienced and understood the
importance of data accuracy in this project. Data entry personnel worked
for short lengths of time in a given day to avoid errors induced by
fatigue and boredom.
•	Electronic data transfer.
Much of the data obtained for this data base was in the form of diskettes
or magnetic tape and was transferred directly into a dBASE III format.
Data were checked to evaluate the transfer operation for accuracy.
•	Only one person extracted all of the data from each reference. This
effort was followed by quality checks done by the Project Manager. This
allowed for data extraction consistency and accuracy. The quality check
on 10 percent re-extraction did not find many errors.
•	Data Screens in Data Entry Programs
The dBASE III+ software package contains simple error-checking routines to
flag data errors. The data entry programs written for this project were
user friendly with prompts and contained error checks so that values
outside the range of possibilities were rejected along with a sound
prompt. The data entry person had to check and correct the error before
proceeding. All data entries were checked independently to identify
errors.
Project Advisory Committee (PAC) Review
Starting with the Work Plan, this project has been reviewed by the
seven PAC members (EPA staff and other scientists interested in this
project) for accuracy and validity of data evaluation and reporting.
Graphical Data Display and Analysis
Scatterplots and other graphical display techniques to identify
"outliers" or potentially erroneous data were employed. Data outliers
were re-checked when possible to ensure that the information was
correct.
29

-------
V. SUMMARY
This section summarizes the VOCs data collected. This task was a major
objective of this study. The data summary includes all data and is presented
without interpretation of its meaning. This data base has been described and
its application exemplified by Shah et al., 1987a and b; Shah 1988a, b, and c;
and Shah and Heyerdahl 1988.
The partial list of potential applications of the soft form data base (on
PC-compatible diskettes) includes:
•	Chemical concentration distribution investigation
•	Pattern or trend analysis
•	Intersite concentration variations and their reasons
•	Location of "hot spots"
•	Use with census data for preliminary risk assessment
•	Input to dispersion and receptor modeling
•	Establishing monitoring priorities
•	Review of detection limits or analysis methods in use and their
appropriateness
•	Identity of active researchers
•	Several others
It needs to be emphasized that the data assembled here comes from many
different studies with a wide variety of objectives, sampling time and
methods, and analytical techniques. Thus it has inherent limitations which
must be kept in mind while drawing any conclusion. In general, this data base
can best be used as a screening tool.
Tables V-l and V-2 summarize the daily (24 hr.) average concentrations and
numbers of observations for ambient and indoor data base in ppbv. The ambient
daily average includes the five site types (remote, rural, sub-urban, urban,
and source dominated). The indoor daily average includes the three indoor
site types (indoor residential, indoor offices, and personal) and a small
amount of ambient data included with the indoor references. A blank entry in
the table indicates that no data was available in the data base.
The lower and upper quartile values represent the 25% and 75% values. When
the upper quartile value is lower than the average, it implies that the
average is unduly influenced by a few high values. When median and/or upper
quartiles are zero, it implies that much of the data were zero's. When the
number of samples were one, the measured values were put it the average
column. Considering the diversity of sampling locations, all values in these
tables should be used only as a guideline in determining a chemical's
concentration.
30

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
CData Base VQC-AMRI') for All Ambient Site Types
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical	of Data	Quartiles
Number Name	Points Average Median Lower Upper
1
MYRCENE
50
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3
CUMENE
14
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
4
BUTYNE
21
0.581
0.052
0.030
0.738
5
FORMALDEHYDE
629
8.293
4.060
1.900
9.800
7
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
4913
0.168
0.122
0.070
0.130
9
ANILINE
5
18.263
0.000
0.000
1.313
10
DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE
42
0.583
0.014
0.006
0.065
11
FORMIC ACID
29
4.069
4.000
2.000
6.000
13
ACETONE
17
6.927
0.93
0.000
2.827
14
CHLOROFORM
3658
0.630
0.058
0.010
0.180
15
HEXACHLOROETHANE
69
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
16
BENZENE
5411
2.800
1.665
0.630
3.343
17
TRICHLOROETHANE
2982
0.911
0.162
0.129
0.610
18
METHANE
244
2155.0
1657.0
1600.0
2154.0
19
BROMOMETHANE
358
3.097
0.179
0.046
3.100
20
ETHANE
913
18.689
9.685
5.380
18.000
21
ETHENE
833
17.786
9.980
5.700
18.000
22
ACETYLENE
888
9.652
5.405
2.898
10.815
23
CHLOROMETHANE
706
0.740
0.652
0.607
0.721
24
IODOMETHANE
167
0.019
0.003
0.002
0.009
25
DIBROMOMETHANE
21
0.835
0.000
0.000
0.013
27
PROPANE
886
11.364
6.332
3.333
12.617
28
1-PROPYNE
76
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
29
CHLOROETHANE
190
85.130
0.063
0.021
0.637
30
VINYL CHLORIDE
701
12.376
0.000
0.000
0.301
31
ACETONITRILE
4
0.024
0.000
0.000
0.048
32
ACETALDEHYDE
175
5.107
1.3
0.000
5.440
33
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
798
1.619
0.774
0.314
1.809
34
CARBON DISULFIDE
29
0.098
0.043
0.040
0.162
35
THIOBISMETHANE
360
2.111
0.995
0.467
2.334
37
BROMOFORM
496
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
38
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
495
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
39
2-METHYLPROPANE
887
5.706
3.290
1.728
6.213

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-AMBI) for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)


Number
Dai.lv
Concentrates in
PPBV
Chemical
of Data


Quartiles
dumber Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
40
1,1-DICHL0R0ETHANE
145
0.038
0.009
0.000
0.054
41
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
1275
4.621
0.000
0.000
0.000
42
PHOSGENE
10
0.023
0.020
0.015
0.030
43
CHLORODIFLUORO-






METHANE (CFC-22)
42
6.001
0.985
0.027
5.370
45
TRICHLOROFLUORO-






METHANE (F-ll)
1507
0.252
0.196
0.187
0.208
46
D1CHLOROD1FLUORO-






METHANE (F-12)
1080
0.438
0.334
0.321
0.346
47
TETRAFLUORO-






METHANE
8
0.101
0.083
0.070
0.131
48
TETRAMETHYL-






PLUMBANE
2
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.005
49
2,2-D1METHYLBUTANE
557
0.329
0.243
0.133
0.417
50
MONOMETHYLESTER-






SULFURIC ACID
8
0.650
0.470
0.325
0.706
51
DIMETHYL-BUTANONE
206
0.288
0.000
0.000
0.000
52
PENTACHLOROETHANE
68
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.000
53
TRICHLORO-TRIFLURO-
184
0.346
0.133
0.063
0.330

ETHANE (F-113)





54
DICHLOROTETRAFLUORO-






ETHANE (F-114)
171
0.045
0.030
0.023
0.038
55
HEXACHLOROCYCLO-






PENTADIENE
184
0.346
0.133
0.063
0.330
56
DIMETHYL SULFATE
8
1.456
1.255
0.717
1.893
57
TETRAETHYLPLUMBANE
2
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
58
1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE
17
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
59
2 -METHYLBUTANE
885
12.548
7.716
4.240
13.408
60
2-METHYL-1,3-BUTADT ENE 638
0.608
0.334
0.160
0.628
61
1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
714
0.160
0.022
0.011
0.065
62
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
280
0.638
0.000
0.000
0.000
63
1,1,2-TRICHLORO






ETHANE
886
1.103
0.000
0.000
0.026
64
TRICHLOROETHENE
3021
0.495
0.158
0.010
0.470
65
2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE
760
0.869
0.590
0. 344
0.988
66
TETRACHLOROETHANE
1011
0.101
0.000
0.000
0.008
68
DIMETHYL-3-METHYLENE-






BICYCLO-HEPTANE
45
0.057
0.045
0.016
0.100
69
A-PINENE
1032
0.484
0.103
0.023
0.264
32

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-AMBI') for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical	of Data	Quartiles
Number Name	Points Average Median Lower Upper
71
HEXACHLORO-BUTADIENE
72
0.036
0.003
0.001
0.006
72
METHYLNAPHT1IALENE
64
0.086
0.018
0.000
0.063
73
NAPHTHALENE
67
0.991
0.223
0.038
1.087
74
QUINOLINE
3
0.063
0.000
0.000
0.189
75
METHYLNAPHTHALENE
17
0.011
0.000
0.000
0.000
76
PHENYL-PROPANONE
2
0.095
0.095
0.092
0.097
77
DIMETHYLBENZENE
3592
7.513
0.690
0.233
1.496
78
0-CRESOL
35
2.221
0.339
0.000
2.394
79
CHLORO-METHYLBENZENE
309
0.113
0.040
0.010
0.130
80
D1CHLOROBENZENE
1052
1.304
0.000
0.000
0.038
81
TRIMETHYLBENZENE
1018
1.368
0.940
0.567
1.511
82
TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
68
0.314
0.015
0.007
0.085
83
DIBROMO- 3-CHLORO-






PROPANE
3
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
84
3-METHYLPENTANE
867
2.550
1.525
0.845
2.633
85
3-PENTANONE
3
0.019
0.000
0.000
0.057
86
METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
812
1.700
1.026
0.581
0.729
87
(1-METHYLETHYL)-






BENZENE
710
0.133
0.054
0.010
0.123
88
1-(METHYLETHENYL)-






BENZENE
176
0.050
0.000
0.000
0.000
89
1-PHENYLETHANONE
35
0.722
0.074
0.011
0.551
90
NITROBENZENE
732
0.117
0.000
0.000
0.050
91
METHYL-METHYLETHYL-






BENZENE
132
0.732
0.410
0.079
0.919
92
ETHYLBENZENE
2669
4.495
0.596
0.230
1.244
93
ETHENYLBENZENE
1123
0.361
0.117
0.000
0.340
94
BENZYLCHLORIDE
43
0.013
0.008
0.004
0.017
95
BENZONITRILE
4
0.022
0.010
0.006
0.038
96
BENZALDEHYDE
97
0.545
0.074
0.000
0.500
97
PROPYLBENZENE
758
0.211
0.156
0.084
0.263
98
BUTYLBENZENE
52
0.051
0.000
0.000
0.000
99
1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE
326
0.080
0.008
0.000
0.049
100
2,4-DIHETHYLPHENOL
3
0.067
0.000
0.000
0.200
101
DIMETHYLBENZENE
3518
10.493
1.558
0.520
3.270
102
CHLORO-METHYLBENZENE
310
0.204
0.090
0.020
0.290
104
DICHLOROBENZENE
947
0.996
0.042
0.000
0.200
106
DIBROMOETHANE
1980
0.323
0.000
0.000
0.010

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
CData Base VOC-AMBI) for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical
of Data


Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
107
3-BROMO-1-PROPENE
17
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
108
BUTANE
888
14.008
8.769
4.853
14.369
109
1-BUTENE
62
0.010
0.000
0.000
0.000
110
1,3-BUTADIENE
629
0.807
0.318
0.152
0.675
111
2-PROPENAL
49
6.318
6.000
3.700
9.000
112
BROMO-CHL0R0ETHANE
26
0.138
0.016
0.000
0.166
114
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
2044
0.384
0.000
0.000
0.055
116
PROPANENITRILE
2044
0.384
0.000
0.000
0.055
117
2-PROPENENITRILE
70
4.016
0.265
0.070
1.198
119
2-METHYLPENTANE
871
3.325
2.194
1.140
3.673
120
2-PENTANONE
3
0.047
0.000
0.000
0.142
121
2,4-DIMETHYLPENTANE
802
0.612
0.300
0.157
0.556
123
1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
3146
11.463
1.411
0.576
3.200
124
M-CRESOL
3
0.301
0.000
0.000
0.904
125
2,4-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
3
0.837
0.000
0.000
2.510
126
2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
3
0.304
0.000
0.000
0.913
127
TRIMETHYLBENZENE
585
0.803
0.204
0.040
0.511
128
DIMETHYLPHENOL
3
0.067
0.000
0.000
0.2
129
TRICHLORO-BENZENE
4
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
130
TRIMETHYL-PYRIDINE
3
0.605
0.000
0.000
1.816
131
BROMOBENZENE
26
0.224
0.024
0.000
0.175
132
METHYLCY C L0HEXAN E
757
0.953
0.419
0.207
0.806
133
TOLUENE
4074
8.533
1.889
0.160
5.210
135
CHLOROBENZENE
1491
0.332
0.061
0.000
0.310
137
PHENOL
48
22.741
4.438
0.917
16.735
139
2 - METHYLPYRIDINE
3
0.613
0.000
0.000
1.838
140
PENTANE
886
6.894
3.811
1.968
6.250
141
1-PENTENE
736
0.434
0.268
0.107
0.529
142
BROMO-CHLORO-PROPANE
6
0.023
0.002
0.001
0.057
143
1H-PYRROLE
3
0.121
0.000
0.000
0.364
144
TETRAHYDROFURAN
3
0.307
0.283
0.034
0.605
146
HEXANE
894
3.684
1.656
0.827
2.945

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-AMBI") for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical	of Data	Quartiles
Number Name	Points Average Median Lower Upper
147
1,4-DICHLOROBUTANE
7
0.044
0.000
0.000
0.093
148
CYCLOHEXANE
712
1.047
0.359
0.163
0.73
149
CYLCOHEXENE
278
0.134
0.093
0.060
0.138
150
PYRIDINE
3
1.340
0.000
0.000
4.019
152
OCTANE
1144
0.761
0.333
0.166
0.763
153
1-OCTENE
476
0.110
0.045
0.026
0.077
155
NONANE
980
0.656
0.259
0.142
0.617
156
DODECANE
526
0.411
0.092
0.000
0.408
157
PROPENE
893
4.391
2.222
1.200
4.342
158
2-METHYL-1-PENTENE
62
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
159
2 - METHYL-1 - PROPEN'E
170
2.328
0.592
0.275
1.140
161
ISOQUINOLINE
3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
162
TRICHLOROBENZENE
18
0.172
0.100
0.100
0.200
164
PROPANAL
31
11.751
8.100
1.300
22.900
165
BUTANAL
31
2.219
1.700
0.900
3.400
167
1,4-(DIOXANE)
617
0.107
0.000
0.000
0.040
168
1-N0NENE
388
0.106
0.046
0.023
0.090
170
DECANE
1258
0.758
0.279
0.050
0.679
171
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
510
0.032
0.000
0.000
0.000
172
2 -CHLORO-BUTADIENE
5
0.118
0.000
0.000
0.000
173
TETRACHLOROETHENE
3226
0.853
0.350
0.120
0.870
174
DIMETHYL-METHYLENE-






BICYCLO-HEPTANE
161
0.050
0.007
0.000
0.065
175
1,2-DIETHYLBENZENE
572
0.324
0.212
0.129
0.349
176
(1-METHYLPROPYL)-






BENZENE
433
0.492
0.044
0.025
0.087
177
ACETIC ACID ETHYL-






ESTER
5
0.578
0.733
0.161
0.777
178	1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE	563	0.125	0.063	0.000	0.148
179	CYCLOPENTENE	176	0.028	0.000	0.000	0.000
180	HEPTANE	1064	1.616	0.771	0.359	0.620
182	CIS-DICHLOROETHENE	161	0.326	0.037	0.000	0.113
183	TRANS-DICHLOROETHENE	2	0.744 0.744	0.560	0.928
184	CYCLOPENTANE	724	0.556	0.382	0.192	0.619
35

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VPC-AMBI1) for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical	of Data	Quartiles
Number Name	Points Average Median Lower Upper
185
CYCLOHEPTANE
159
0.105
0.057
0.021
0.126
186
1,2-PROPADIENE
50
0.036
0.000
0.000
0.000
187
CARBON OXIDE SULFIDE
18
0.494
0.511
0.456
0.527
188
2,2,3-TRIMETHYLBUTANE
50
0.725
0.228
0.000
0.621
189
TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
451
0.051
0.031
0.020
0.054
190
2,4,5-TRIMETHYLPHENOL
3
0.036
0.000
0.000
0.108
191
2-METHYL-2-BUTENE
235
0.585
0.074
0.024
0.293
192
TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
489
0.100
0.072
0.046
0.117
193
2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPHENOL
3
0.036
0.000
0.000
0.108
194
PENTYLBENZENE
253
0.184
0.094
0.045
0.185
195
TRIMETHYL-






PENTANE
200
2.005
0.425
0.213
1.026
197
DECAMETHYLCYCLO-






PENTASIL- OXANE
1
0.030



199
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
646
0.889
0.030
0.000
0.200
200
HEXADECANE
20
0.034
0.000
0.000
0.000
201
2-METHYLTHIOPHENE
3
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.025
204
3,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE
412
0.1398
0.056
0.031
0.107
205
3-METHYL-1-BUTENE
567
0.298
0.124
0.066
0.212
206
2-METHYL-1-BUTENE
539
0.692
0.470
0.262
0.794
207
2,2,3-TRIMETHYL-






PENTANE
119
0.256
0.075
0.000
0.354
208
2,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE
406
1.797
0.487
0.141
1.071
209
2,3,4-TRIMETHYL-






PENTANE
691
0.337
0.228
0.104
0.411
210
2,6-DIMETHYLPHENOL
3
0.027
0.000
0.000
0.080
211
1,2,3-TRIMETHYL-






BENZENE
677
1.605
0.317
0.057
0.647
212
2,3-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
3
0.228
0.000
0.000
0.684
213
2,3-DIMETHYLHEXANE
177
0.108
0.000
0.000
0.000
214
3 -CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE
1
0.058



215
3 -METHYL11EXANE
814
1.736
0.785
0.414
1.377
216
2,4-DIMETHYLHEXANE
757
0.310
0.184
0.090
0.319
217
3-METHYLHEPTANE
582
0.431
0.288
0.188
0.476
218
(Z)-2-BUTENE
817
0.510
0.295
0.065
0.600
219
2-METHYLHEXANE
797
1.415
0.951
0.484
1.605
36

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-AMBI) for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)


Number
Daily
Concentrates in
PPBV
Chemical
of Data


Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
220
2,5-D1METHYLHEXANE
193
0.095
0.036
0.015
0.072
221
2-METHYLHEPTANE
759
0.383
0.264
0.125
0.445
222
1-HEXENE
154
0.135
0.000
0.000
0.000
223
OCTADECANE
145
0.118
0.006
0.006
0.022
224
DIBROMODICHLOR-






METHANE
1
0.002



225
PENTACHLOROBENZENE





226
ETHYL-METHYL-BENZENE
786
0.428
0.293
0.167
0.482
227
(E)-3-METHYL-2






-PENTENE
492
0.152
0.113
0.067
0.180
229
3-METHYLTHIOPHENK
3
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.025
230
3-ETHYLHEXANE
128
0.091
0.000
0.000
0.084
231
ETHYL-3-METHYLBENZENE
699
0.611
0.452
0.239
0.792
232
ETHYL-4-METHYLBENZENE
1268
1.074
0.463
0.246
0.956
233
(E)-2-BUTENE
791
0.844
0.525
0.270
0.945
235
2 -METHYL- 2 - PENTENE
545
0.226
0.162
0.083
0.282
236
(Z)-2-PENTENE
689
0.664
0.432
0.148
0.872
237
CHLORO-METHOXYETHANE
5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
238
TRIDECANE
21
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
239
TETRADECANE
21
0.107
0.000
0.000
0.000
240
PENTADECANE
21
0.039
0.000
0.000
0.000
241
HEPTADECANE
7
0.075
0.020
0.000
0.120
242
T ETRACHLOROETHANE
308
0.022
0.000
0.000
0.003
244
(E)-2-PENTENE
710
0.756
0.436
0.200
0.806
245
(E)-4-METHYL-2






-PENTENE
338
0.155
0.131
0.067
0.188
246
(Z)-4-METHYL-2






-PENTENE
497
0.097
0.032
0.000
0.062
247
1 - METHYLCYCLOPENTENE
50
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
248
2 -METHYL-1-PENTENE
50
0.034
0.000
0.000
0.030
249
2-METHYLNONANE
1
1.375



251
ETHYL-DIMETHYLBENZEKE
454
0.357
0.236
0.138
0.372
252
ETHYL-DIMETHYLBENZENE
429
0.118
0.075
0.049
0.130
253
ETHYL-DIMETHYL PENTAKE 1
0.762



254
HEXYLBENZENE
94
0.016
0.010
0.006
0.017
255
UNDECANE
529
0.745
0.188
0.000
0.618
37

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient: Concentrations For All Chemicals
("Data Base VOC-AMBI) for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)


Number
Dailv
Concentrates in
PPBV
Chemical
of Data


Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
258
METHYLBENZALDEHYDE
2
0.069
0.069
0.006
0.132
260
ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
117
0.554
0.429
0.143
0.757
261
ETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
649
0.086
0.036
0.011
0.084
262
DIMETHYL CYCLO-






PENTANE
7
6.157
5.900
4.271
8.029
263
ETHYLTRIMETHYL-






PLUMBANE
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
264
DIETHYLDIMETHYL-






PLUMBANE
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
265
TRIETHYLMETHYLPLUMBAN E
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
267
METHYLBUTYL-BENZENE
49
0.165
0.063
0.038
0.109
268
2,4-D1METHYLHEPTANE
173
0.105
0.069
0.042
0.127
269
2,5-DIMETHYLHEPTANE
473
0.084
0.051
0.030
0.090
270
3-METHYLOCTANE
502
0.196
0.142
0.091
0.229
271
4-METHYLOCTANE
445
0.267
0.176
0.103
0.311
272
PAN
481
1.441
0.600
0.215
1.403
273
DIMETHYL CYCLO-






PENTANE
20
1.965
1.143
0.000
2.614
275
TRIMETHYLHEXANE
50
0.038
0.000
0.000
0.022
276
BROMO-CHLORO-PROPENE
5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
277
(E)-2-HEXENE
127
0.010
0.000
0.000
0.000
278
4-METHYL-2-PENTENE
7
0.193
0.000
0.000
0.583
280
NITRO-OXOPROPYL-






PEROXIDE
132
0.110
0.043
0.014
0.119
281
METHYL-METHYLETHENYL-






CYCLOHEXENE
81
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
282
METHYL-METHYLETHENYL-






CYCLOHEXENE
61
0.035
0.024
0.010
0.054
283
(Z)-2-HEPTENE
346
0.056
0.037
0.026
0.060
284
(Z)-2-OCTENE
348
0.047
0.028
0.020
0.046
285
(Z)-3-HEXENE
13
0.987
0.000
0.000
1.517
286
(Z)-2-HEXENE
175
0.023
0.000
0.000
0.000
287
DICHLORO-PROPENE
148
23.394
23.900
7.500
35.450
289
TRICHLOROBENZENE
144
0.016
0.001
0.000
0.012
290
(E)-3-HEXENE
13
0.740
0.033
0.000
1.167
38

-------
Table V-l. Daily Ambient Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-AMBI) for All Ambient Site Types (Contd.)
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical	of Data	Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
291
TRIMETHYLBICYCL0-






HEPTENE
207
3.055
0.076
0.026
0.163
292
(E)-2-HEPTENE
343
0.060
0.036
0.019
0.071
293
4-METHYLNONANE
45
0.247
0.164
0.077
0.267
294
TETRACHLOROBENZENE
3
0.270
0.095
0.022
0.694
295
BUTENE
177
1.470
0.405
0.046
1.089
296
CHL0R0N1TR0BENZENE
1
0.028



297
DICHLOROBENZENE
1
0.110



298
D1CHL0R0ETHENE
61
0.035
0.000
0.000
0.000
299
TETRAMETHYL BENZENE





300
BROMOPROPANE
17
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.001
301
DICHLORO-1-PR0PENE
6
0.125
0.004
0.000
0.171
302
CHL0R0BENZENEAM1NE
8
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
303
DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
50
0.088
0.000
0.000
0.125
304
D1CHL0R0NITR0BENZENE
1
0.116



305
DICHLORONAPHTHALENE
9
0.023
0.001
0.000
0.002
306
DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
107
0.926
0.000
0.000
0.643
307
BR0M0METHYLBENZENE
4
0.106
0.018
0.017
0.195
310
DICHLOROMETHYL-






BENZENE
1
0.010



311
BENZENEDICARBOXAL-






DEHYDE
1
0.023



315
BENZOYL N1TRO






PEROXIDE
6
0.143
0.090
0.040
0.190
316
BROMOCHLOROPROPANE
2
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.005
317
DIBROMO-CHLORO-






PROPANE
1
0.000



318
PENTACHLORO-






BUTADIENE
4
0.047
0.000
0.000
0.094
319
DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE
486
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
320
BROMOPENTACHLORO






ETHANE
4
0.023
0.000
0.000
0.046
39

-------
Table V-2. Daily Indoor Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOG-INDO) for All Site Types1
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical
of Data


Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
3
CUMENE
103
0.177
0.000
0.000
0.179
5
FORMALDEHYDE
315
49.400
42.000
19.000
72.000
7
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
2120
0.400
0.000
0.000
0.134
13
ACETONE
4
7.955
8.570
4.510
11.400
14
CHLOROFORM
2120
0.832
0.104
0.000
0.691
16
BENZENE
2128
5.162
3.135
1.034
6.583
17
TRICHLOROETHANE
2120
48.900
1.835
0.546
5.505
37
BROMOFORM
2120
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
38
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
2120
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.000
41
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
2120
19.665
0.000
0.000
0.000
54
DICHLOROTETRAFLUORO-






ETHANE
2
0.025
0.250
0.020
0.030
62
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
4
9.238
7.160
4.150
14.325
64
TRICHLOROETHENE
2132
1.347
0.125
0.000
0.838
66
TETRACHLGROETIIANE
585
0.014
0.000
0.000
0.000
69
A-PINENE
623
0.547
0.233
0.049
0.557
75
KETHYLNAPHTHALENE
102
0.252
0.000
0.000
0.300
77
DIMETHYLBENZENE
2216
2.844
1.106
0.461
2.143
80
DICHLOROBENZENE
2121
0.073
0.000
0.000
0.000
81
TRIMET1IYLBENZENF,
96
0.574
0.285
0.120
0.805
92
ETHYLBENZENE
2278
2.887
1.106
0.461
2.218
93
ETHENYLBENZENE
2125
1.413
0.305
0.000
0.657
96
B EN ZALD EHYD E
106
1.578
0.000
0.000
1.300
97
PROPYLBENZENE
1
0.130



101
DIMETHYLBENZENE
2305
8.666
3.111
1.475
5.760
104
DICHIjOROBKNZENE
2121
3.988
0.283
0.053
0.932
106
DIBROMOETHANE
585
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
114
1,2-DlCHLOROETHANE
2120
0.095
0.000
0.000
0.000
118
TETRADECAMETHYL-






CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE
3
0.403
0.350
0.350
0.510
123
1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
103
8.888
3.600
1.100
8.800
127
TRIMETHYLBENZENE
178
0.914
0.290
0.000
1.100
132
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
10
0.799
0.747
0.498
0.996
NOTKS:
1. Indoor data base includes a few ambient data included in indoor
references as part of Che study.

-------
Table V-2. Daily Indoor Concentrations For All Chemicals
('Data Base VOC-INDO) for All Site Types1 (Continued)


Number
Dailv
Concentrates in
PPBV
Chemical
of Data


Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
133
TOLUENE
2331
0.697
0.000
0.000
0.000
135
CHLOROBENZENE
2126
0.041
0.000
0.000
0.000
140
PENTANE
4
1.123
0.870
0.440
1.805
146
HEXANE
3
0.567
0.560
0.000
1.140
148
CYCLOHEXANE
4
1.380
0.727
0.436
2.325
152
OCTANE
605
0.882
0.514
0.236
0.921
154
2 -BUTOXYETHANOL
14
0.214
0.075
0.030
0.360
155
NONANE
134
1.164
0.700
0.070
1.200
156
DODECANE
706
0.482
0.136
0.000
0.330
167
1,4-(DIOXANE)
585
1.029
0.000
0.000
0.092
170
DECANE
710
0.775
0.280
0.086
0.700
171
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
2120
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
173
TETRACHLOROETHENE
2195
3.056
0.737
0.251
1.622
180
HEPTANE
4
1.281
1.220
1.098
1.464
181
TRIMETHYL- PENTANEDIOL
3
1.500
1.540
1.290
1.670
196
DODECAMETHYLCYCLO-






HEXASIL-OXANE
5
0.460
0.490
0.020
0.860
197
DECAMETHYLCYCLO-






PENTASIL-OXANE
25
0.206
0.090
0.050
0.240
198
HEXAMETHYLCYCLOTRI-






SILOXANE
1
0.090



199
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
2121
3.988
0.283
0.053
0.932
200
HEXADECANE
107
0.339
0.050
0.000
0.600
202
OCTAMETHYLCYCLO-






TETRASIL-OXANE
12
0.689
0.265
0.065
1.375
203
HEXADECAMETHYLCYCLO-






OCTASIL-OXANE
1
1.570



215
3-METHYLHEXANE
7
1.586
1.464
0.330
2.928
219
2-METHYLHEXANE
2
2.684
2.684
2.196
3.172
238
TRIDECANE
122
1.484
0.490
0.000
1.500
239
TETRADECANE
119
0.803
0.600
0.170
0.930
NOTES:
1. Indoor data base includes a few ambient data included in indoor
references as part of the study.

-------
Table V-2. Daily Indoor Concentrations For All Chemicals
(Data Base VOC-INDO) for All Site Types1 (Continued)
Number Daily Concentrates in PPBV
Chemical o
f Data


Quartiles
Number Name
Points
Average
Median
Lower
Upper
240
PENTADECANE
112
0.227
0.200
0.000
0.400
241
HEPTADECANE
10
0.191
0.190
0.020
0.310
242
TETRACHLOROETHANE
585
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
249
2-METHYLNONANE
4
4.425
1.461
1.375
7.476
253
ETHYL-DIMETHYL PENTANE
4
1.144
0.953
0.762
1.525
255
UNDECANE
706
0.746
0.282
0.100
0.600
259
METHYLCYCLOOCTANE
6
0.270
0.220
0.050
0.470
266
TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
1
0.060



281
METHYL-METHYLETHENYL-






CYCLOHEXENE
103
3.030
1. 500
0.000
3.100
289
TRICHLOROBENZENE
2
0.065
0.065
0.050
0.080
297
DICHLOROBENZENE
3
0.900
0.110
0.090
2.500
299
TETRAMETHYL BENZENE
8
1.313
1.315
0.945
1.645
314
ETHYLMETHYLCYCLO-






HEXANE
1
0.470



319
DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE
2120
0.017
0.000
0.000
0.000
NOTES:
1. Indoor data base includes a few ambient data included in indoor
references as part of the study.
42

-------
Table V-3 summarizes the median concentrations in ppbv and the number of
observations by site types for each chemical. Blank values indicate that no
data was included in the data base for that chemical for the site type.
Tables V-4 and V-5 list the bibliographical references from which ambient and
indoor data for each chemical were obtained, respectively.
Information regarding chemical names, common names, formulae, molecular
weight, number and conversion factor is included in the VOC_CHEM and VOC	LOC
files of the data base.
43

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
1 MYRCENE
0.000
50
2 DIPHENYL ETHER
3 CUMENE
0.000
14
0.000
96
-p-
.>
4 BUTYNE
0.650
5
0.425
16
5 FORMALDEHYDE
2.700	2.720 6.500 9.150 44.000 80.000
12	281	332	4	273	25
6 DENA
CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE
0.124 0.000	0.091 0.110 0.125
1134 86	791	2754	144
0.000
1650
NITROSOMORPHOLINE
9 ANILINE
0.000 45.000 0.000 1.313
1	2	11
10 DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE
0.003	0.013 0.014 0.016
2	3	25	12

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
11 FORMIC ACID
4.000
29
12 DIETHYL SULFATE
13 ACETONE
3.854
2
1.149
2
2.080
3
0.308
10
10.200
3
14 CHLOROFORM
0.020
15
0.000
82
0.010
739
0.060
2696
0.507
122
0.173
1650
LA
15 HEXACHLOROETHANE
0.006
3
0.000
3
0.000
14
0.000
34
0.000
15
16 BENZENE
0.160 0.467	1.800 1.812 1.474 1.765 2.110 3.762
221 246	960	3812	148	1	5	1650
17 TRICHLOROETHANE
0.132
1064
0.074
8
0.587
659
0.396
1118
0.380
133
1.200 2.454
3	1650
18 METHANE
1599
88
1419
5
1693
4
218182
73
1750
38
19 BROMOMETHANE
0.008
5
0.049
2
0.080
105
0.569
246
20 ETHANE
2.095
10
3.821
33
15.780
226
9.150
571
8.315
52
21 ETHENE
0.405
6
0.262
32
10.163
226
11.130
501
3.051
48

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples bv Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
22 ACETYLENE
0.600 0.376	3.875 6.900 2.347
7	32	225	549	55
23 CHLOROMETHANE
0.713 0.923	0.641 0.810
5	2	599	100
24 IODOMETHANE
0.003 0.007	0.007 0.002
9	3	82	73

25 DIBROMOMETHANE
26 BROMOCHLOROMETHANE
0.000
21
27 PROPANE
0.439 1.076
10	36
10.480
225
5.733
541
6.483
54
28 1-PROPYNE
0.000
50
0.000
26
29 CHLOROETHANE
0.021
58
0.104
127
0.000
5
30 VINYL CHLORIDE
0.000
3
0.000
45
0.000
88
0.000
500
0.179
65
31 ACETONITRILE
0.048
2
0.000
1
0.000
1
32 ACETALDEHYDE
3.115
2
0.000
13
2.050
8
1.550
140
1.669
12

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples bv Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
-i^
33	METHYLENE CHLORIDE 0.052 0.054	0.604	0.840	0.568
7 1	136	590	64
34	CARBON DISULFIDE	0.041	0.065
6	23
35	THIOBISMETHANE 0.000	1.100	0.192
1	304	55
36	ETHYLENEOXIDE
37	BR0M0F0RM	0.000	0.000	0.000 0.000
470	7	19	1650
38	BROMODICHLORO-	0.000	0.000	0.000 0.000
METHANE	471	8	16 1650
39	2-METHYLPROPANE 0.158 0.340	3.817	3.275	4.204
6 36	223	546	56
40	1,1-DICHLOROETHANE 0.000	0.000	0.013	0.000
2	14	103	26
41	1,1-DICHLOROETHENE 0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 0.000
79	577	565	54 1650
42	PHOSGENE 0.015	0.024	0.032
5	2	3
43	CHLORODIFLUORO- 0.061 0.027	0.025	1.785
METHANE (CFC-22) 3 1	2	36

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
.p-
00
44	PROPYLENE OXIDE
45	TRICHLOROFLUORO- 0.193	0.137 0.400	0.356 0.180
METHANE (F-ll) 1104	39 178	174	12
46	DICHL0R0DIFLUORO- 0.332	0.231 0.598	0.726
METHANE (F-12) 860	4 130	86
47	TETRAFLUORO- 0.070	0.095	0.140
METHANE 2	5	1
48	TETRAMETHYL-	0.004
PLUMBANE	2
49	2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE	0.272	0.228
201	336
50	MONOMETHYLESTER-	0.470
SULFURIC ACID	8
51	DIMETHYL-BUTANONE	0.000 0.000	0.000 13.698
26	26	150	4
52	PENTACHLOROETHANE	0.000 0.000	0.000 0.000
2	13	37	16
53	TRICHLORO-TRIFLUORO-
ETHANE (F-113) 0.021	0.023 0.316	0.133
7	3 67	107
54	DICHLORO-TETRA- 0.011	0.012 0.030	0.030	0.030
FLUOROETHANE (F-114) 4	1 93	73	1

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
VO
55	HEXACHLOROCYCLO- 0.021 0.023	0.316	0.133
PENTADIENE	7	3	67	107
56	DIMETHYL SULFATE	1.255
8
57	TETRAETHYLPLUMBANE	0.001
2
58	1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE	0.000
17
59	2-METHYLBUTANE	0.250 0.440	7.604	8.100	8.616
6	36	224	545	54
60	2-METHYL-1,3-	2.423	0.332	0.300	6.980
BUTADIENE	32	209	378	3
61	1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE	0.042	0.011	0.001
85	623	6
62	METHYL ETHYL KETONE	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.894	7.650
42	47	181	10	3
63	1,1,2-TRICHLORO	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002
ETHANE	80	154	626	26
64	TRICHLOROETHENE	0.013 0.010	0.057	0.205	0.090	0.050 0.184
14	84	739	2056	124	11	1650
65	2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE	0.572	0.600	0.666
219	521	20

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples bv Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
66 TETRACHLOROETHANE
0.000
80
0.000
297
0.000
612
0.000
22
0.000
468
67 2-NITROPROPANE
68 DIMETHYL-3-METHYLENE-
BICYCLO-HEPTANE
0.045
45
O
69 A-PINENE
0.035 0.030
6	182
0.147 0.120 0.035 2.240 0.050 0.323
326
491
23
468
70 TRICHLOROBENZENE
71 HEXACHLORO-BUTADIENE
0.003 0.002
56	16
72 METHYLNAPHTHALENE 0.000 0.000
1	1
0.000 0.000 0.000
10
51
73 NAPHTHALENE
0.000 0.000
1	1
0.023
0.3435
60
74 QUINOLINE
0.000
1
0.000
1
0.189
1
75 METHYLNAPHTHALENE
0.000
1
0.000 0.172 0.000
15	1	96
76 PHENYL-PROPANONE
0.097 0.092
1	1

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
77 DIMETHYLBENZENE	0.350 0.025	0.645 0.800
7	239	937	2297
1.198 2.045 0.370 1.331
98	1	72	1650
78 0-CRESOL
0.000
1
0.000
1
0.000
1
0.359
32
79 CHLORO-METHYLBENZENE
0.010
19
0.010
44
0.050
246
80 DICHLOROBENZENE
0.000 0.000	0.000 0.020 0.048 0.107
1	20	530	424	77	1
0.000
1650
81 TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0.439 0.211	0.775 1.000 1.289
4	3	325	639	27
0.360
74
82 TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
0.036
25
0.011
43
83 DIBROMO- 3-CHLORO-
PROPANE
0.000
3
84 3-METHYLPENTANE
0.025 0.085	1.567 1.635 1.347
4	35	220	534	54
85 3-PENTANONE
0.000
1
0.000
1
0.570
1
86 METHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.000 0.000	1.043 1.053 3.100
1	32	219	526	14
87 (1-METHYLETHYL)-
BENZENE
0.122 0.128	0.069 0.43	0.108
4	2	203	475	6

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples bv Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples bv Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
ro
88	1-(METHYLETHENYL)-	0.000	0.000
BENZENE	15 161
89	1-PHENYLETHANONE 0.000	0.041 0.094
1	2	32
90	NITROBENZENE 0.000 0.000	0.000	0.000 0.000
2	73	111	544	4
91	METHYL-METHYLETHYL-	0.464	0.398
BENZENE	53	67
92	ETHYLBENZENE 0.156 0.013	0.622	0.616 0.852 1.000 0.280 1.336
6 122	886	1532	103	95	41	1650
93	ETHENYLBENZENE 0.000 0.080	0.066	0.200 0.317 0.676 2.090 0.399
I	21	571	447	83	1	4	1650
94	BENZYLCHLORIDE	0.009 0.001
42	1
95	BENZONITRILE	0.010
4
96	BENZALDEHYDE	0.000 0.000	0.000 0.100
II	44	51
97	PROPYLBENZENE 0.056 0.056	0.123	0.167	0.000 1.800
3	2	213	520	95	3
98	BUTYLBENZENE	0.000
98

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
99 1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE
100 2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL
0.000
1
0.250
71
0.000
250
0.000
1
0.200
1
101 DIMETHYLBENZENE
0.158 0.046	1.781 1.653
8	234	947	2205
2.342 3.700 0.450 3.687
104	99	60	1650
LT1
OJ
102 CHLORO-METHYLBENZENE
103 P-CRESOL
0.010
19
0.120
45
0.100
246
104 DICHLOROBENZENE
0.000
20
0.048
545
0.050
369
0.000
13
1.293
1
0.416
1650
105 CHLOROMETHYL OXIRANE
106 DIBROMOETHANE
0.000
75
0.000
318
0.000
1518
0.233
58
0.000
468
107 3 -BROMO-1-PROPENE
0.000
17
108 BUTANE
0.510 0.779	8.832 9.174 9.500
7	36	226	546	53
109 1-BUTENE
0.000 0.000
20	42

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal

110	1,3-BUTADIENE 0.000	0.100 0.320 0.290	1.000
4	2 196	385	22
111	2 -PROPENAL	7.000	0.257
46	3
112	BROMO-CHLOROETHANE 0.000	0.025
1	25
113	CHLORO-PROPENE
114	1,2-DICHLOROETHANE 0.000	0.000 0.000 0.012	0.255	0.000
4	44 600	1214	182	1650
115	4-METHYL-2 -PENTANONE
116	PROPANENITRILE 0.000	0.000 0.000 0.012	0.255
4	44 600	1214	182
117	2 -PROPENENITRILE	0.070 0.120	0.853
23	13	34
118	TETRADECAMETHYLCYCLO-	0.350
HEPTASILOXANE	3
119	2-METHYLPENTANE 0.017	0.061 2.385 2.197	2.414
7	37 224	535	48
120	2-PENTANONE	0.000 0.000	0.142
1	1

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
U"l
vyi
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical Remote Rural	Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
121	2,4-DIMETHYLPENTANE 0.000 0.271	0.224 0.342 0.586
4	3	217 534 24
122	2,5-FURANDIONE
123	1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE 0.45. 0.0335	1.587 1.500 2.554 3.700
8 162	383 2470 103	96
124	M-CRESOL 0.000	0.000 0.000
1	11
125	2,4-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE 0.000	0.000 2.510
1	11
126	2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE 0.000	0.000 0.913
1	11
127	TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0.422 0.173	0.227 0.200 0.131 0.300 0.360
5	4	111 380 85	95	59
128	DIMETHYLPHENOL 0.000	0.000 0.200
1	11
129	TRICHLORO-BENZENE	0.000
4
130	TRIMETHYL-PYRIDINE 0.000	0.000 1.816
1	11
131	BROMOBENZENE 0.000	0.031
1	25

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
132 METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 0.000 0.000
4	34
0.4855 0.414 1.450
220	465	14
0.747
7
133 TOLUENE
0.049 0.350	0.195 2.883
225 248	958	2519
6.314 8.400 0.865 0.000
104	101	80	1650
134 4-METHYLPYRIDINE
135 CHLOROBENZENE
0.000 0.035	0.000 0.220 0.009
1	80	647	675	88
0.020 0.000
3	1650
136 CYCLOHEXANONE
137 PHENOL
0.000 0.000
1	1
0.015
2
6.883
44
138 3-METHYLPYRIDINE
139 2-METHYLPYRIDINE
0.000
1
0.000
1
1.838
1
140 PENTANE
0.080 0.245	4.104 3.820 4.113
5	36	224	547	54
1.150
3
141 1-PENTENE
0.000 0.080	0.266 0.270 0.000
4	2	219	451	42
142 BR0M0-CHL0R0-PROPANE
0.002
6

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples bv Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
143 1H-PYRROLE
0.000
1
0.000 0.364
1	1
144 TETRAHYDROFURAN
0.283
3
145 THIOPHENE
-«sj
146 HEXANE
147 1,4-DICHL0R0BUTANE
0.009
4
0.046
42
1.858
225
1.690
547
0.093
1
1.418
56
0.000
6
0.850
2
148 CYCLOHEXANE
0.000 0.025	0.502 0.293 2.600
3	2	216	460	11
0.872
3
149 CYLCOHEXENE
0.087
133
0.095
129
150 PYRIDINE
0.000
1
0.000
1
4.019
1
151 OXYBIS 2-CHLOROETHANE
152 OCTANE
0.007
42
0.236
334
0.443
747
2.997
1
0.039 0.621
17	468
153 1-OCTENE
0.045
191
0.045
265

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
00
154	2-BUTOXYETHANOL	0.075
14
155	NONANE	0.311 0.032	0.179	0.303 0.867 0.800 0.450
4	12	215	714	15	95	26
156	DODECANE	0.000	0.000	0.200 2.297 0.400 0.640 0.158
30	131	364	1	95	15	468
157	PROPENE	0.117 0.014	2.553	2.365 1.167
4	36	227	552	54
158	2-METHYL-1-PENTENE	0.000	0.000
20	42
159	2-METHYL-1-PROPENE 0.138 0.313	0.600 0.654
4	2	125	39
160	DIPHENYLMETHANONE
161	ISOQUINOLINE	0.000	0.000 0.000
1	11
162	TRICHLOROBENZENE	0.100
18
163	DODECYLBENZENE
164 PROPANAL	0.933 0.350	17.4	4.950
3	2	22	4

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
165 BUTANAL
1.700 1.700
28	3
166 BUTYL ACETATE
167 1,4-(DIOXANE)
0.000
26
0.000
184
0.000
407
0.000
468

168 1-NONENE
169 OCTANAL
0.038
125
0.050
248
170 DECANE
0.185 0.000
6	80
0.198 0.356 1.120 0.900
336	790	26	96
1.160 0.258
18	468
171 DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
0.000 0.000 0.000
471	23	16
0.000
1650
172 2-CHL0R0-BUTADIENE
0.589
1
0.000
4
173 TETRACHLOROETHENE 0.037 0.010	0.376 0.370
16	86	771	2251
0.067 0.879
98	1
0.095 0.900
56	1650
174 DIMETHYL-METHYLENE- 0.000 0.046
BICYCLO-HEPTANE
99
0.000
52
0.048
7
175 1,2-DIETHYLBENZENE 0.000
1
0.172 0.232 0.000
202	342	7

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples bv Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
176	(1-METHYLPROPYL)-	0.033	0.049
BENZENE	137	279
177	ACETIC ACID ETHYL-	0.733
ESTER	5
178	1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE	0.067	0.051
165	379
^	179 CYCLOPENTENE	0.000	0.000
°	15	161
180	HEPTANE	0.000 0.011	0.596	0.964 1.900	1.220
4	44	217	764	15	3
181	TRIMETHYL-PENTANEDIOL	1.540
3
182	CIS-DICHLOROETHENE	0.000	0.000	0.050 0.000
2	13	124	22
183	TRANS-DICHLOROETHENE	0.560	0.928
1	1
184	CYCLOPENTANE	0.440	0.354 0.349
218	457	29
185	CYCLOHEPTANE	0.067	0.054
60	92
186	1,2-PROPADIENE	0.000
50

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
187 CARBON OXIDE SULFIDE	0.456	0.520
3	15
188 2,2,3-TRIMETHYLBUTANE	0.228
50
189	TETRAMETHYLBENZENE	0.025	0.033
161	272
190	2,4,5-TRIMETHYLPHENOL	0.000	0.000 0.108
1	11
191	2 -METHYL- 2 -BUTENE 0.000	0.084	0.064 0.770
1	64	155	14
192	TETRAMETHYLBENZENE	0.059	0.080
181	288
193	2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPHENOL	0.000	0.000 0.108
1	11
194	PENTYLBENZENE	0.064	0.118
97	155
195	TRIMETHYL-	0.000 0.163	0.200	0.500 1.301
PENTANE	4	2	15	165	14
196	DODECAMETHYLCYCLO-	0.490
HEXASILOXANE	5
197	DECAMETHYLCYCLO-	0.030	0.090
PENTASILOXANE	1	24

-------
ON
ro
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical Remote Rural	Suburban Urban	Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
198	HEXAMETHYLCYCLOTRI-
SILOXANE
199	1,3-DICHL0R0BENZENE 0.007	0.052 0.006	0.000 0.247 0.416
2	485 129	30 1 1650
200	HEXADECANE 0.000	0.000	0.324 0.150 0.155
1	18	1 94 4
201	2-METHYLTHIOPHENE 0.000	0.000	0.025
1	11
202	OCTAMETHYLCYCLO-	0.160
TETRASILOXANE	11
203	HEXADECAMETHYLCYCLO-	1.57
OCTASILOXANE	1
204	3,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE 0.000	0.056 0.058	0.000
1	146 232	14
205	3-METHYL-1-BUTENE 0.053	0.120 0.116	0.290
2	186	349	10
206	2-METHYL-1-BUTENE 0.000 0.070	0.422 0.486	0.560
4 2	200 299	14
207	2,2,3-TRIMETHYL-	0.075
PENTANE	119
208	2,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE 0.000 0.000	0.312 0.543	0.871
4 2	50 337	13

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
OJ
209	2,3,4-TRIMETHYL-	0.223	0.226
PENTANE 217 454
210	2,6-DIMETHYLPHENOL	0.000	0.000 0.080
1	11
211	1,2,3-TRIMETHYL- 0.000	0.378	0.267 0.845
BENZENE 1 194 439	24
212	2,3-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE	0.000	0.000 0.684
1	11
213	2,3-DIMETHYLHEXANE	0.000	0.000
15	162
214	3 -CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE	0.058
1
215	3 -METHYLHEXANE	0.000 0.033	0.704	0.880 0.329	1.464
4	34	217	526	13	5
216	2,4-DIMETHYLHEXANE	0.178	0.181
216	521
217	3-METHYLHEPTANE	0.247	0.316
203	359
218	(Z)-2-BUTENE	0.100 0.225	0.349	0.275 0.000
4	2	222	528	41
219	2-METHYLHEXANE	0.000 0.010	0.953	0.993 2.143	2.196
1	32	212	518	14	1

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal

220	2,5-DIMETHYLHEXANE
221	2-METHYLHEPTANE
222	1-HEXENE
223	OCTADECANE
224	DIBROMODICHLOR-
METHANE
225	PENTACHLOROBENZENE
0.000 0.009
3	2
0.041 0.033
53	134
0.212
218
0.000
15
0.280
521
0.000
120
0.006
145
0.000
14
0.002
1
226	ETHYL-METHYL-BENZENE 0.222 0.100
4	2
227	(E)-3-METHYL-2-
PENTENE
228	3-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE
0.242
219
0.112
183
0.311
527
0.110
289
0.795
14
229 3-METHYLTHIOPHENE
0.000
1
0.000
1
0.025
1
230 3 -ETHYLHEXANE
0.000
15
0.000
113

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples bv Site Types for all Chemicals
Ln
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples bv Site Types	
Chemical Remote Rural	Suburban Urban	Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated Personal
231	ETHYL-3-METHYL- 0.200 0.239	0.437 0.461
BENZENE 3 2	220 454
232	ETHYL-4-METHYL- 0.334	0.340 0.516	0.344
BENZENE 2	322 855	69
233	(E)-2-BUTENE 0.000 0.250	0.499 0.549	0.113
1 1	210 518	42
234	DIMETHYLDISULFIDE
235	2-METHYL-2 -PENTENE	0.160 0.155
190	335
236	(Z)-2-PENTENE 0.020 0.000	0.490 0.401	1.400
4 2	204 450	13
237	CHLORO-METHOXYETHANE	0.000
5
238	TRIDECANE 0.000	0.000	1.459 0.600 0.505
1	19	1 95	16
239	TETRADECANE 0.000	0.000	1.602 0.600 0.920
1	19	1 95	13
240	PENTADECANE 0.000	0.000	0.691 0.200 0.480
1	19	1 94	7
241	HEPTADECANE 0.000	0.020	0.305 0.310
1	5	1 6

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
242 TETRACHLOROETHANE
0.000
2
0.000
157
0.000
134
0.000
15
0.000
468
243 2-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE
244 (E)-2-PENTENE
0.000 0.000	0.422
4	3	212
0.416 1.920
457	15
ON
CTN
245 (E)-4-METHYL-2
-PENTENE
0.171
90
0.108
229
246 (Z)-4-METHYL-2
-PENTENE
0.043
116
0.023
361
247 1-METHYLCYCLOPENTENE
0.000
50
248 2-METHYL-1-PENTENE
0.000
50
249	2-METHYLNONANE
250	ISOCYANOBENZENE
1.375
1
1.547
3
251 ETHYL-DIMETHYLBENZENE
0.183
171
0.277
267
252 ETHYL-DIMETHYLBENZENE
0.061
157
0.082
252

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
253 ETHYL-DIMETHYL PENTANE
1.144
3
254 HEXYLBENZENE
0.010
24
0.009
68
255 UNDECANE
0.145 0.000
1	30
0.072 0.327 1.953 0.700
133	363	2	97
1.010 0.282
14	468
ON
256	DICHLOROTETRA-
FLUOROETHANE
257	METHYLPYRIDINE
258 METHYLBENZALDEHYDE
0.132 0.006
1	1
259 METHYLCYCLOOCTANE
0.220
6
260 ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
0.429
117
261 ETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
0.050 0.028
197	432
262 DIMETHYL CYCLO-
PENTANE
8.029 4.629
3	4
263 ETHYLTRIMETHYL-
PLUMBANE
0.762 0.000
1	2

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
	Chemical		Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
264	DIETHYLDIMETHYL-	0.000
PLUMBANE	2
265	TRIETHYLMETHYLPLUMBANE	0.000
2
266	TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE	0.060
1
g; 267 METHYLBUTYL-BENZENE 0.064	0.062
17	27
268	2,4-DIMETHYLHEPTANE 0.069	0.067
61	106
269	2,5-DIMETHYLHEPTANE 0.048	0.053
177	277
270	3-METHYLOCTANE 0.129	0.143
193	289
271	4-METHYLOCTANE 0.147	0.198
168	257
272	PAN 0.111 0.253 0.543	0.802
3 1 296	181
273	DIMETHYL CYCLO- 0.000	1.786 1.143
PENTANE 1	5 14
274	2-PROPOXY ETHANOL

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples bv Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
	Chemical		Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
275	TRIMETHYLHEXANE	0.000
50
276	BR0M0-CHL0R0-PR0PENE	0.000
5
277	(E)-2-HEXENE 0.000	0.000
15	112
278	4-METHYL- 2-PENTENE 0.000 0.000	0.384
S 3 2	2
279	DICHLOROMETHOXY-
METHANE
280	NITRO-0X0PR0PYL- 0.047 0.056	0.033
PEROXIDE 2 57	73
281	METHYL-METHYL- 0.000 0.009	0.000 0.000 1.800
ETHENYL-CYCLOHEXENE 3 5	66 7	96
282	METHYL-METHYLETHENYL-	0.024
CYCLOHEXENE	61
283	(Z)-2-HEPTENE 0.039	0.036
111	215
284	(Z)-2-OCTENE 0.031	0.028
133	197
285	(Z)- 3-HEXENE	0.000 0.000
6	7

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
286	(Z)-2-HEXENE 0.000	0.000
15	160
287	DICHLORO-PROPENE	23.900
148
288	DICHLORO-PROPENE
^ 289 TRICHLOROBENZENE 0.000 0.000	0.002 0.000	0.050
° 2 14	103 25	1
290	(E)-3-HEXENE 0.000 0.025	0.933 1.167
3 2	5 3
291	TRIMETHYLBICYCLO- 0.047 0.136	0.096 0.020
HEPTENE 65 51	67 7
292	(E)-2-HEPTENE 0.037	0.036
110	215
293	4-METHYLNONANE 0.133	0.183
22	22
294	TETRACHLOROBENZENE 0.022	0.694 0.095
1	11
295	BUTENE 3.150 1.125	0.375 0.436
1 1	135 40
296	CHLORONITROBENZENE

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
Chemical
Number Name
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Dominated	Personal
297 DICHLOROBENZENE
1.295
2
298 DICHLOROETHENE
0.000 0.000
15	46
299 TETRAMETHYL BENZENE
1.315
8
300 BROMOPROPANE
0.000
17
301 DICHLORO-1-PROPENE 0.000
1
0.007
5
302 CHLOROBENZENEAMINE
0.000 0.000 0.003
15	2
303 DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
0.000
50
304 DICHLORONITROBENZENE
305 DICHLORONAPHTHALENE
0.001
9
306 DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
0.000 0.000
15	92
307 BROMOMETHYLBENZENE
0.370
1
0.017
3

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural	Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
308	ETHYL DIMETHYL
BENZENE
309	TETRACHLOROMETHYL-
BENZENE
310	DICHLOROMETHYL-
BENZENE

311 BENZENEDICARBOXAL-
DEHYDE
312 TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
313	TRICHLOROMETHYL-
BENZENE
314	ETHYLMETHYLCYCLO-
HEXANE
315	BENZOYL NITRO
PEROXIDE
316	BROMOCHLOROPROPANE
317 DIBROMO-CHLORO-
PROPANE
318 PENTACHLORO-
BUTADIENE
0.023
1
0.090
6
0.010
1
0.003
2
0.470
1
0.000 0.000
4	1

-------
Table V-3. Daily Median Concentrations and Number of Samples by Site Types for all Chemicals
	Median Concentrations in PPBV and Number of Samples by Site Types	
Chemical	Remote Rural Suburban Urban Source Indoor Workplace
Number Name	Dominated	Personal
319 DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE
0.000
470
0.000
16
0.000
1650
320 BROMOPENTACHLORO
ETHANE
0.000
4
OJ

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base bv Chemical
Chemical
Number
Name
References Contributing to Ambient Data Base
9
10
11
KYRCENE
CUMENE
BUTYNE
FORMALDEHYDE
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
ANILINE
DIKETHYLNITROSAMINE
FORMIC ACID
300
299
252
28,106,108,179,222,242,243,246,249,253,263,
265, 267,273,2.77,286,292,294,303
13,20,21,120,122,169,170,173,174,175,196,204,
205,
206,227,229,232,235,236,238,239,253,254, 255,
256,257,258,274, 275,279, 284,285,287,295,296,
298, 301, 302,305,307,308,309,310,311,313
27,284,291
59,62,167,169,185
303
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
ACETONE
CHLOROFORM
HEXACHLOROETHANE
BENZENE
TRICHLOROETHANE
METHANE
BROMOMETHANE
ETHANE
ETHENE
ACETYLENE
CHLOROMETHANE
I0D0METHANE
DIBROMOMETHANE
10,175,191,238,239,283,291
20,21,122,169,170,173,174,175,204,205,206,229,
232
233
295
175
10,20,21,39,55,96,144,161,169,170,173,175,
188
252
255
283
284
310
13,20,120,122,169,170,173,174,175,196,204,
205
255
258
308
109
290
204
108
276
108
256
108
252
204
120
238,239,253,254,256,257,274,275,279,284,
296,298,302,305,307,308,309,310,311
205,239
206,227,229,233,235,237,238,239,247,251,
253,254,
256,257,258,263,275,276,277,278,279,281,
290,291,295,296,298,300,304,307,308,309,
311,312
206,229,232,233,235,236,238,239,245,253,
256,257,
274,279,283,284,295,296,301,302,305,307,
309,310,311,313
126,127,191,195,204,205,235,259,271,285,
300,305,306
205,206,229,253,258,261,279,302
126,127,144,191,205,237,247,252,256,259,
278,281,285,290,300,303
109,125,126,127,144,191,195,205,247,252,
2.59,276,281,285,300,303
109,125,126,127,144,191,195,205,237,247,
256,259,276,278,281,285,300
205,206,229,253,258,261,279,284
122,204,205,229,253,279,305
72,172,238
74

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base bv Chemical fcontd.)
	Chemical
Number Name
References Contributing to Ambient Data Base
27	PROPANE
28	1-PROPYNE
29	CHLOROETHANE
30	VINYL CHLORIDE
31	ACETONITRILE
32	ACETALDEHYDE
33	METHYLENE CHLORIDE
34	CARBON DISULFIDE
35	THIOBISMETHANE
37	BROMOFORM
38	BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
39	2-METHYLPROPANE
40	1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
41	1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
42	PHOSGENE
43	CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
45	TRICHOLORFLUOROMETHANE
(F-11)
46	DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
(F-12)
47	TETRAFLUOROMETHANE
48	TETRAMETHYLPLUMBANE
49	2,2-DIMET1IYLBUTANE
50	MONOMETHYLESTER SULFURIC
-ACID
51	3,3 -DIMETHYL-2-BUTANONE
52	PENTACHLOROETHANE
53	TRICHLORO-TRIFLUORO-
ETHANE (F-113)
54	DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
55	1,2,3,4,5,5-HEXA-
CHLOROCYCLOPENTA-
DIENE
56	DIMETHYL SULFATE
57	TETRAETHYLPLUMBANE
58	1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE
59	2 - METHYLBUT ANE
60	2-METHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE
61	1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
62	METHYL ETHYL KETONE
108,126,127,144,191,205,237,247,252,256,
259,276, 278,281,285,300
285,300
175,229,253,258,279,302,312
20,21,71,122,169,170,175,238,239,256,279,
284,295, 302,307
290,291
10,170,191,238,242,243,246,249,253
169,170,174,175,205,206,229,238,239,253,
254,255, 258,279,284,295,307
140,248
144,173,206,229
172,174,236,296,308,309,310,311
172,174,233,296,302,308,309,310,311
108,126,127,144,191,195,205,237,247,252
256, 259, 276,278,281,285,300
170,175,199,229,233,239,279
21,74,170,174,175,229,233,239,254,255,284,
296,302,307,308,309,310,311
204,205
188,204,205,305
120,122,196,204,205,206,229,231,232,235,
253,256,258,272,274,279,285,287,301,305,313
122,204,205,229,231,232,243,253,258,279,
287,301, 305
241
184
252,300
289
21,170,238,284
175,239,296
122,204,205,206,229,253,279,305
204,205,229,253,262,279
284
289
184
172,175
108,126,127,144,191,195,205,237,247,252,
256,259,276,278,281,285,300
247,252,256,259,300
170,175,229,233,253,275,279,296,298
1,170,239,242,243,283,284,291
75

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References t;o Ambient Data Base by Chemical (contd.)
Chemical
Number
Name
References Contributing to Ambient Data Base
63
64
65
66
68
69
1,1,2-TRICHL0R0ETHANE
TRICHLOROETHENE
2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE
TETRACHLOROETHANE
DIMETHYL-3-METHYLENE-
BICYCLO-HEPTANE
TRIMETHYL-BICYCLO-HEPT-
2-ENE
21,170,175,206,229,236,238,239,253,254,
279,284,296,302
13,20,21,122,169,170,173,174,175,204,205,
206,229,232,233,236,238,239,253,254,255,
256,257,263,274,275,279,284,295,296,298,
302,307,308, 309,310,311
252,256,276,278,300
21,170,175,206,229,236,239,253,254,279,284
296,302,311
290,297
10,39,126,191,244,247,251,252,262,281,290,
297,300,311
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
HEXACHLORO-BUTADIENE
1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
NAPHTHALENE
QUINOLINE
2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
1-PHENYL-1-PROPANONE
1.2-DIMETHYLBENZENE
0-CRESOL
1-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZENE
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
3-METHYLPENTANE
3-PENTANOKE
METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
(1-METHYLETHYL)-BENZENE
118,175,229,236,279,296
169,170,173,188,236,291
173,188,235,236,291
291
291.299
173,188
10,21,39,109,126,127,144,161,173,188,191,206,
229,235,237,247,251,252,253,254,255,256,
257,258,259,262,275,276,278,279,283,284,
290,291, 298,300,308,309,310,311
173,291
254,284
20,173,174,175,206,227,229,233,236,239,
251,254,284,308,309,310,311
126,127,191,206,229,237,252,253,256,258,
259,262,276,278,279,300
252
174
126,127,191,237,247,252,256,259,276,278,
285.300
291
247,252,256,259,276,278,300
126,252,255,256,259,278,300
1-(METHYLETHENYL)-BENZENE 256,278,300
1-PHENYLETHANONE
NITROBENZENE
METHYL-METHYLETHYL-
BENZENE
ETHYLBENZENE
173,236,239
20,21,169,170,239,254,284
252,255
126,127,161,173,191,206,229,236,237,247,
252,253,254,255,256,258,259,262,275,276,
278,279,283,284,290,291,298,299,300,308,
309,310,31.1
76

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base by Chemical (contd.)
	Chemical	
Number Name	References Contributing to Ambient Data
Base
93	ETHENYLBENZENE
94	(CHLOROMETHYL)-BENZENE
95	BENZ0N1TRILE
96	BENZALDEHYDE
97	PROPYLBENZENE
98	BUTYLBENZENE
99	1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE
100	2,4-DIMETHYLPHEN0L
101	1,4-DIMETHYLBRNZENE
102	CHLORO-METHYLBENZENE
104	1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
106	1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
107	3 -BROMO-1-PROPENE
108	BUTANE
109	1-BUTENE
110	1,3-BUTADIENE
111	2-PROPENAL
112	1-BROMO- 2-CHLOROETHANE
75,172,173,235,251,254,255,256,258,278,284,
300,308,309,310,311
175,229
188,236
170,173,238,239,242,243,283,291,299
126,252,256,276,278,300
255,300
252,256,278,300
291
10,21,39,126,127,144,161.173,188,191,206,
229,235,237,247,251,252,253,254,255,256,
257,258,259,262,275,276,278,279,283,284,
290,291,298, 299,300,308,309,310,311
254,284
20,175,239,251,254,258,284,302,308,309,
310, 311
21,73,169,170,172,173,174,175,205,206,229,
233,239,253,254,257,279,284,295,296,311
172,174
108,126,127,144,191,195,205,237,247,252,
256,259,276,278,281,285,300
108,256
126,127,188,252,259,300
6,170,242
170,172,173,174,238
114
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
20,21,41,169,170,173,174,175,206,229,233,
236,238,239,253,275,279,284,295,296,298,
307,308, 309,310,311
116	PROPANENITRILE
117	2-PROPENENITRILK
126
75,284
119	2-METHYLPENTANE
120	2-PENTANONE
121	2,4-DIMETHYLPENTANE
108,126,127,191,237,247,252,256,259,276,
2.78,285,300
291
126,127,191,252,256,259,276,278,300
123
1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
10,21,39,126,127,144,161,173,188,191,206,
229,235,237,247,252,253,254,255,256,257,
258,259,275,276,278,279,284,290,298,299,300
124	M-CRES0L
125	2,4-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
126	2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
291
291
291
77

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base bv Chemical Ccontd.')
	Chemical
Number Name.
127	1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
128	3,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL
129	1,3,5-TRICHL0R0BENZENE
130	2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPYRIDINE
131	BROMOBENZENE
132	METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
133	METHYLBENZENE
135 CHL0R0BENZENE
137	PHENOL
139	2-METHYLPYRIDINE
140	PENTANE
141	1-PENTKNE
142	1-BROMO-3 -CHLOROPROPANE
143	1H-PYRROLE
144	TETRAHYDROFURAN
146	HEXANE
147	1,4-DICHLOROBUTANE
148	CYCLOHEXANE
149	CYLC011EXENE
150	PYRIDINE
152	OCTANE
153	1-OCTENE
155	NONANE
156	DODECANE
157	PROPENE
158	2-METHYL-1-PENTENE
159	2-METHYL-1-PROPENE
161	ISOQUINOLINE
162	1,2,4-TRICHL0R0BENZENE
164	PROPANAL
165	BUTAKAL
References Contributing to Ambient Data Base
126,127,173,191,206,229,253,255,256,258,
259,262,276,278,279,291,299,300
291
296
291
170,172,173,174
126,247,252,256,259,263,278,283,300
10,21,39,96,108,125,126,127,144,161,173,
188.191.206.229.235.236.237.238.247.251,
252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,262,263,
275,276,278,279,281,283,284,290,291,295,
298,299,300,304, 308,309,310,311,312
20,21,169,170,173,174,175,206,227,229,233,
236,238,239,254,255,256,258,262,279,284,
296,302,308,309,310,311,312
173,188,230,238,291
291
108.126.127.144.191.195.205.237.247.252,
256,259,276,278,281,283,285,300
108,126,252,256,259,278,285,300
172,174
291
255
108,126,127,144,191,195,237,247,252,256,
259,276,278,283,285,290,300
175
1.26,252,256,259,263,278,300
252
291
144,247,252,256,262,2 76,278,290,291,300,
311
252
126,144,252,256,259,262,263,278,290,291,
299,300
39,144,188,262,291,299,300,311
108,109,125,126,127,144,191,195,205,237,
247,252,256,259,276,278,285,300
108,256
126,259,278,285,300
291
258
126,243
242,243
78

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base bv Chemical (contd.)
Chemical
Number Name	References Contributing to Ambient Data Base
167
1,4-(DIOXANE)
21,254,284,311
168
1-N0NENE
252
170
DECANE
10,39,126,127,144,188,191,252,259,262,


283,291,299,300,311
171
DIBROMO CHLOROMETHANE
172,233,236,296,302,308,309,310,311
172
2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE
175
173
TETRACHLOROETHENE
13,20,21,120,122,169,170,173,174,175,196


204,205,206,229,232,233,236,238,239,251,


253,254,255,256,257,262,274,275,279,284,


295,296,298,02,305,308,309,310,311,312,


313
174
DIMETHYL-METHYLENE-


BICYCLO-HEPTANE
126,244,247,290,297,300
175
1,2-DIETHYLBENZENE
252,259,300
176
(1-METHYLPROPYL)-BENZENE
252,300
177
ACETIC-ACID-ETHYL-ESTER
296
178
1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE
252,256,278,300
179
CYCLOPENTENE
256,278,300
180
HEPTANE
126,144,247,252,256,259,263,276,278,290,


291,300
182
CIS-DICHLOROETHENE
175,206,229,239,279
183
TRANS -DICHLOROETHENE
170,284
184
CYCLOPENTANE
252,256,259,278,285,300
185
CYCLOHEPTANE
252
186
1,2-PROPADIENE
300
187
CARBON OXIDE SULFIDE
139,220,248
188
2,2,3-TRIMETHYLBUTANE
300
189
1,2,3,4-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
252
190
2,4,5-TRIMETHYLPHENOL
291
191
2-METHYL-2-BUTENE
252,259,300
192
1,2,3,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
252
193
2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPHENOL
291
194
PENTYLBENZENE
252
195
2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE
126,256,259,276,300
197
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTA-


SILOXANE
262
199
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
174,175,206,229,233,236,239,251,302,308,


309,310,311
200
HEXADECANE
262,291,299
201
2-METHYLTHIOPHENE
291
202
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASIL-


OXANE
262
79

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base by Chemical (contd.)
	Chemical	
Number Name	References Contributing to Ambient Data Base
204	3,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE	252,259
205	3-METHYL-1-BUTENE	127,144,191,195,247,252,300
206	2-METHYL-1-BUTENE	126,252,259
207	2,2,3-TRIMET1IYLPENTANE	2 /8,300
208	2,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE	126,252,256,259,278,300
209	2,3,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE	252,256,278,300
210	2,6-DIMETHYLPHENOL	291
211	1,2,3-TR1METHYLBENZENE	127,252,256,259,278,300
212	2,3-D1METHYLPYRIDINE	291
213	2,3-DIMETHYLHEXANE	256,278,300
214	3 -CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE	169
215	3-METHYLHEXANE	126,247,252,256,259,263,276,278,283,300
216	2,4-DIMETHYLHEXANE	252,256,276,278,300
217	3-METHYLHEPTANE	252,276
218	(Z)-2-BUTENE	108,126,252,256,259,276,278,285,300
219	2-METHYLHEXANE	247,252,256,259,263,276,278,300
220	2,5-DIMETHYLHEXANE	252,300
221	2-METHYLHEPTANE	252,256,276,278,300
222	1-HEXENE	126 , 256,2.59 , 278
223	OCTADECANE	144
224	DIBROMODICHLOROMETHANE	174
226	1-ETHYL-2-METHYLBENZENE	126,252,256,259,276,278,300
227	(E)-3-METHYL-2-PENTENE	252
229	3-METHYLTHIOPHENE	291
230	3-ETHYLHEXANE	256,278
231	1-ETHYL-3-METHYLBENZENE	126,252,256,278,300
232	1-ETHYL-4-METHYLBENZENE	144,173,206,229,252,253,256,258,259,276,
278,279,300
233	(E)-2-BUTENE	126,252,256,259,276,278,285,300
235	2 -METHYL- 2-PENTENE	252,300
236	(Z)-2-PENTENE	108,126,252,256,259,278,300
237	1-CHLORO-2-METHOXYETHANE	194
238	TR1DECANE	262,291,299
239	TETRADECANE	262,291,299
240	PENTADECANE	262,291,299
241	HEPTADECANE	262,291
242	TETRACHLOROETHANE	175,206,229,236,239,253,279,296,311
244	(E)-2-PENTENE	126,252,256,259,278,291,300
245	(E)-4-METHYL-2-PENTENE	252
246	(Z)-4-METHYL-2-PENTENE	252,256,278,300
247	1-METHYLCYCLOPENTENE	300
248	2-METHYL-1-PENTENE	300
249	2-METHYLNONANE	263
80

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Base bv Chemical fcontd.)
Chemical
251	1-ETHYL-DIMETHYLBENZENE	252
252	4-ETHYL-DIMETHYLBENZENE	252
253	3 -ETHYL-DIMETHYL-PENTANE	263
254	HEXYLBENZENE	252
255	UNDECANE	10,39,144,188,251,262,291,299,300,311
258	METHYLBENZALDEHYDE	188,239
260	ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE	276,300
261	ETHYLCYCL01IEXANE	252 ,256, 278 , 300
262	TRANS -1,3-DIMETHYL-
CYCLOPENTANE	259
263	ETHYLTRIMETHYLPLUMBANE	184
264	DIETHYLDIMETHYLPLUMBANE	184
265	TRIETHYLMETHYLPLUMBANE	184
267	(3-METHYLBUTYL)-BENZENE	252
268	2,4-DIMETHYLHEPTANE	252
269	2,5-DIMETHYLHEPTANE	252
270	3-METHYLOCTANE	252
271	4-METHYLOCTANE	252
272	PAN	105,106,108,205,206,222,229,234,235,250,
253,279,286,303
273	CIS -DIMETHYL-CYCLOPENTANE	259
275	2,2,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANE	300
276	3-BROMO-1-CHLORO-1-PRO P ENE	172
277	(E)-2-HEXENE	256,278
278	4-METHYL-2-PENTENE	126
280	NITRO-1-OXOPROPYLPEROXIDE	205,206,229,253,279
281	(R)-1 -METHYL-4-
(1-METHYLETHENYL)-CYCLOHEXENE 126,244,290,299,300
282	(S)-l-METHYL-4-
(1-METHYLETHENYL)-CYCLOHEXENE 290,297
283	(Z)-2-HEPTENE	252
284	(Z)-2-OCTENE	252
285	(Z)-3-HEXENE	259,278
286	(Z)-2-HEXENE	256,278,300
287	(Z)-1,3-DICHLORO-l-PROPENE	302
289	TRICHLOROBENZENE	169,174,175,206,229,239,262
290	(E)-3-HEXENE	126,259
291	TRIMETHYLBICYCLO-HEPTENE	244,252,290,297
292	(E)-2-HEPTENE	126,252
293	4-METHYLNONANE	252
81

-------
Table V-4. Contributing References to Ambient Data Rase by Chemical (contd.)
Chemical
Number
Name
References Contributing, to Ambient Data Base
294	TETRACHLOROBENZENE
295	BUTENE
296	CHLORONITROBENZENE
297	DICHLOROBENZENE
298	DICHLOROEXHENE
300	BROMOPROPANK
301	DICHLORO-1-PROPENE
302	CHLOROBENZENEAMINE
303	DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
304	DICHLORONITROBENZENE
305	DICHLORONAPHTHALENE
306	DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
307	BROMOMETHYLBENZENE
227
127,144,191,195,237,278,279,285,300
239
262
256,296
172.174
173.175
1.69
300
239
48
256,300
170,284
310	DICHLOROMETHYLBENZENE	239
311	BENZENED1CARB0XALDEHYDE	188
315	BENZOYL-NITRO-PEROXIDE	240
316	BROMOCHLOROPROPANE	174
317	1,1-DIBROMO-2-CHLOROPROPAN E	174
318	PENTACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE	296
319	DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE	172,308,309,310,311
320	BROMOPENTACHLOROETHANE	296
82

-------
Table V-5. Contributing References to Indoor Data Base by Chemical
	Chemical
Number Name
3	CUMENE
5	FORMALDEHYDE
7	CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
13	ACETONE
14	CHLOROFORM
16	BENZENE
17	TRICHLOROETHANE
37	BROMOFORM
38	BROMODICHLOROMETHAKE
4 1	1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
54	DICHLOROTETRAFLUORO -
ETHANE (F-114)
62	METHYL ETHYL KETONE
64	TRICHLOROETHENE
6	6	TETRACHLOROETHAN E
69	A-PINENE
7	5	METHYLNAPHTHALENE
77	DIMETHYLBENZENE
80	DICHLOROBENZENE
81	TRIMETHYLBENZENE
92	ETHYLBENZENE
93	ETHENYLBENZENE
96	BENZALDEHYDE
97	PROPYLBENZENE
101	DIMETHYLBENZENE
104	DICHLOROBENZENE
106	DIBROMOETHANE
114	1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
118	TETRADECAMETHYLCYCLO
HEPTASILOXANE
123	1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
127	TRIMETHYLBENZENE
132	METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
133	TOLUENE
135	CHLOROBENZENE
140	PENTANE
146	HEXANE
148	CYCLOHEXANE
152	OCTANE
154	2-BUTOXYETHANOL
155	NONANE
156	DODECANE
167	1,4-(DIOXANE)
	Reference Contributing Data
299
260, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270,
280, 282, 292, 293, 294
308, 309, 310, 311
283
308, 309, 310, 311
263,	283,	308,	309, 310, 311
283,	308,	309,	310, 311
308,	309,	310,	311
308,	309,	310,	311
309,	309,	310,	311
262
283
262, 263, 283, 308, 309, 310, 311
311
262, 311
299
262, 283, 308, 309, 310, 311
308, 309, 310, 311
262
262, 283, 299, 308, 309, 310, 311
262, 308, 309, 310, 311
283,	299
262
262,	283, 299, 308, 309, 310, 311
308,	309, 310, 311
311
308,	309, 310, 311
262
299
262,	299
263,	283
262, 263, 283, 299, 308, 309, 310, 311
262, 308, 309, 310, 311
283
283
263
262, 311
262
262, 263, 299
262, 299, 311
311
83

-------
Table V-5. Contributing References to Indoor Data Base by Chemical
Chemical
Number
Name
Reference Contributing Data
170	DECANE
171	DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
173 TETRACHLOROETHENE
180	HEPTANE
181	TRIMETHYL-PENTANEDIOL
196	DODECAMETHYLCYCLO-
HEXASILOXANE
197	DECAMETHYLCYCLO-
PENTASILOXANE
198	HEXAMETHYLCYCLOTRI-
SILOXANE
199	1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
200	HEXADECANE
262, 283, 299, 311
308, 309, 310, 311
262, 308, 309, 310, 311
263
262
262
262
262
308, 309, 310, 311
262, 299
202	OCTAMETHYLCYCLO-
TETRASILOXANE
203	HEXADECAMETHYLCYCLO-
OCTASILOXANE
215	3-METHYLHEXANE
219	2-METHYLHEXANE
262
262
263, 283
263
238
239
TRIDECANE
TETRADECANE
262, 299
262, 299
240	PENTADECANE
241	HEPTADECANE
242	TETRACHLOROETHANE
249	2-METHYLNONANE
253	ETHYL-DIMETHYL PENTANE
262, 299
262
311
263
263
255	UNDECANE
259	METHYLCYCLOOCTANE
266	TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
281	METHYL-METHYLETHENYL-
CYCLOHEXENE
289	TRICHLOROBENZENE
262, 283, 299, 311
262
262
299
262
297	DICHLOROBENZENE
299	TETRAMETHYL BENZENE
314	ETHYLMETHYLCYCLO-HEXANE
319	DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE
262
262
262
308, 309, 310, 311
84

-------
VI. REFERENCES
1.	Brodzinsky, R., and H.B. Singh (1988). "Volatile Organic Chemicals in
the Atmosphere: an Assessment of Available Data," Environmental Sciences
Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC,
EPA-600/3-83-027(A) (1983).
2.	Shah, J.J., E. Heyerdahl, and L. Cupitt (1987a). "National Ambient VOCs
Data Base," presented at the EPA/APCA symposium on Measurement of Toxics
and Related Air Pollutants. RTP, NC. Hay (1987).
3.	Shah, J.J., E. Heyerdahl, J.E. Core, and L. Cupitt (1987b). "Ambient
VOCs Data Base for Receptor Models Application," presented at the 80th
Annual APCA meeting. Paper #87-612 (1987).
4.	Shah, J.J., and E.K. Heyerdahl (1988). "National Ambient Air Toxic Data
Base Update," to be presented at the 81st Annual APCA meeting. Paper
#88-44.2
5.	Shah, J.J. (1988a). "VOC Receptor Modeling, Ambient Data Base and a Case
Study," to be presented at the APCA specialty conference on Receptor
Models in Air Resources Management, February 1988.
6.	Shah, J.J. (1988b). "A Microcomputer Data Base for Volatile Organic
Compounds in Ambient Air," to be presented at the APCA specialty
conference on Receptor Models in Air Resources Management, February 1988.
7.	Shah, J.J. (1988c). "Air Toxic Receptor Modeling Protocols," to be
presented at the 81st Annual APCA meeting. Paper #88-95-A.l, 1088.
Bb

-------
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTE: References for the 1987 data base are numbered 242 and greater. Of the
241 references included in the 1980 data base, only the 67 references from
which data was actually extracted are included here. All 241 references for
the 1980 data base are included in the V0C_RF,FS . DBF file.
6. Altshuller, A.P. and S.P. McPherson, "Spectrophotometry Analysis of
Aldehydes in the Los Angeles Atmosphere," J. Air Pollut. Control
Assoc., 13:109-111 (1963) .
10. Arnts, R.R., "Volatile Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Tulsa,
Oklahoma, the Great Smokey Mountains and Rio Blanco County, Colorado,"
prepared by Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
(1979).
13. Battelle Columbus Laboratories, "Environmental Monitoring Near
Industrial Sites: Methylchloroform," NTIS PB-273204, EPA-560/6-77-025,
prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Battelle Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio (1977).
20.	Bozzelli, J.W. and B.B. Kebbekus, "Analysis of Selected Volatile
Organic Substances in Ambient Air," NTIS PB 80-144694, prepared for New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection by New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey (1979).
21.	Bozzelli, J.W., B.B. Kebbekus and A. Grcenberg, "Analysis of Selected
Toxic and Carcinogenic Substances in Ambient Air in New Jersey,"
prepared for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection by
the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey (Note: much
of this data was replaced by Reference 284) (1980).
27.	Cheeseman, J.M., T.O. Perry and W.W. Heck, "Identification of Aniline
as an Air Pollutant through Biological Assay with Loblolly Pine,"
Environ. Pollut., 21:9-22 (1980).
28.	Cleveland, W.S., T.E. Graedel and B. Kleiner, "Urban Formaldehyde:
Observed Correlations with Source Emissions and Photochemistry," Atmos.
Environ., 11:357-360 (1976).
39. Eaton, W.C. et al., "Study of the Nature of Ozone, Oxides of Nitrogen,
and Nonmethane Hydrocarbons in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Vol. II and III,"
EPA-450/4-79-008c, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
(1979).
41. Elfers, L., "Monitoring of Ambient Levels of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC)
in the Vicinity of EDC Production and User Facilities," NTIS PB-298303,
EPA 600/4-79-029, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
PEDCo Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio (1979).
86

-------
48. Erickson, M.D., R.A. Sweidinger, L.C. Michael and E.D. Pellizzari,
"Environmental	Monitoring	Near	Industrial
Sites--Polychloronaphthalenes," NTIS PB-281687, EPA 559/6-77-019,
prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Research Triangle
Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (1977).
55. Fentiman, A.F., M.B. Keher, P.R. Kinzer el al., "Environmental
Monitoring: Benzene," NTIS PB-295-6A1, prepared by Battelle Columbus
Laboratory for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 110 p. (1979).
59. Fine, D.H., D.P. Rounbehler, N.M. Belcher and S.S. Epstein, "N-Nitroso
Compounds: Detection in Ambient Air." Science, 192:1328-1330 (1976).
62. Fine, D.H. et al., "Determination of Dimethylainine in Air, Water, arid
Soil by Thermal Energy Analysis: Measurement in Baltimore, Maryland,"
Environ. Sci. Technol., 11:531-584 (19//).
71.	Gay, B.J., and R.C. Noonan, 1975: "Ambient Air Measurements of Vinyl
Chloride in the Niagara Falls Area," NTIS PB-243-695, prepared by
National Environmental Research Center, 14 pp.
72.	Going, J.E. and S. Long, "Sampling and Analysis of Selected Toxic
Substances Task II--Ethylene Dibroraidc," NTIS PB-246213, EPA
560/6-75-001, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri (1975).
73.	Going, J.E. and J.L. Spigarelli, "Sampling and Analysis of Selected
Toxic Substances Task IV--Ethylene Dibromi.de," NTIS PB-256234,
EPA 560/6-76-021, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri (1976).
74.	Going, J.E. and J.L. Spigarelli, "Environmental Monitoring Near
Industrial Sites: Vinylidene Chloride," NTIS PB-273358,
EPA 560/6-77-026, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri (1977).
75.	Going, J.E. et al., "Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Acrylonitrile," NTIS PB-295928, prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
(1978).
96. Hester, N.E. and R.A. Meyer, "A Sensitive Technique for Measurement of
Benzene and Alkylbenzenes in Air," Environ. Sci. Technol., 13:107-109
(1979).
105. Jorgen, R.T., "Ambient Pcroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) Measurements in the
Houston Area," NTIS PB-285550, prepared for Houston Chamber of Commerce
by Rockwell Internationa] Corporation, Creve Coeur, Missouri (1978).
1.06. Joshi, S.B., "Houston Field Study (1978)--Formaldehyde and Total
Aldehyde Monitoring Program," Document; ESC-TR-79 - 22, Northrop Services,
Inc., North Carolina (1978).
87

-------
1.08. Kok, G.L., "Atmospheric Measurements of Formaldehyde and Hydrogen
Peroxide," Quarterly Reports 1 and 2, EPA Grant R80662910, prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Harvey Mudd College, Claremont,
California (1980). This report also includes VOCs Data.
109. Kopczynski., S.I.., W.A. Lonneman, T. Winfield et al., "Gaseous
Pollutants in St. Louis and Other Cities," J. Air Pollut. Control
Assoc. , 25:251-255 (1975).
118. Li, F.T., J.E. Going and J.L. Spigarelli, "Sampling and Analysis of
Selected Toxic Substances, Task IB--Hexachlorobutadiene," NTIS
PB-253941, EPA 560/6-76-015, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency by Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri (1976).
1.20. Lillian, D. and H.B. Singh, "Absolute Determination of Atmospheric
Halocarbons by Gas Phase Coulometry," Anal. Chem., 66:1060-1063 (1976).
122. Lillian, E. et al. , "Atmospheric Fates of Halogenated Compounds,"
Environ. Sci. Teohnol., 9:1062-1068 (1975).
125.	Lonneman, W.A. , S.L. Kopczynski., P.E. Durley and F.D. Sutterfield,
"Hydrocarbon Composition of Urban Air Pollution," Environ. Sci.
Techno1., 8:229-235 (1976).
126.	Lonneman, W.A., R.L. Sella and J.J. Bufalini, "Ambient Air Hydrocarbon
Concentrations in Florida," Environ. Sci. Technol., 12:459-663 (1978).
127.	Lonneman, W.A., R.L. Sella, and J.J. Bufalini, 1978: "Ambient Air
Hydrocarbon Concentrations in Florida," Environ. Sci. Tech., Vol. 11,
pp. 703-717.
139.	Maroulis, P.J., A.L. Torres and A.R. Bandy, "Atmospheric Concentrations
of Carbonyl Sulfide in the Southwestern and Eastern United States,"
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19:510-512 (1977).
140.	Maroulis, P.J. and A.R. Bundy, "Measurements of Atmospheric
Concentrations of CS2 in the Eastern United States," Geophys. Res.
Lett. , 7:681-686 (1.980) .
144. Mayrsohn, H., M. Kuramoto, J.H. Crabtree, R.D. Solterm and S.H. Mano,
"Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Concentrations, June - September, 1975," State
of California Air Resources Board, January 1976 (1976).
161. Oldham, R.G., R.L. Spraggins, J.L. Parr and K.W. Lee, "Analysis of
Organics in Ambient Air," Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas (1979).
169. Pellizzari, E.D., "The Measure of Carcinogenic Vapors in Ambient
Atmospheres," NTIS PB-283023, EPA 600/7-78-062, prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (1977).
88

-------
170. Pellizzari, E.D., "Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors in Ambient
Atmospheres," NTIS PB-283023, EPA 600/7-78-062, prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (1978).
172.	Pcllizzari, E.D., R.A. Zweidinger and M.D. Erickson, "Environmental
Monitoring Near Industrial Sites: Brominated Chemicals Part I," NTIS
PB-286484, EPA 560/6-78-002, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency by Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina (1978).
173.	Pellizzari, E.D., "Information on the Characteristics of Ambient
Organic Vapors in Areas of High Chemical Production," prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (1979).
174.	Pellizzari, E.D. and J.E. Bunch, "Ambient Air Carcinogenic Vapors
Improved Sampling and Analytical Techniques and Field Studies," NTIS
PB-297932, EPA 600/2-79-081, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency by Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina (1979).
175.	Pellizzari, E.D., M.D. Erickson and R.A. Zweidinger, "Formulation of a
Preliminary Assessment of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Man and
Environmental Media," NTIS PB-80-112170, EPA 560/13-179-006, prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Research Triangle
Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (1979).
179. Radian Corporation, "HAOS Aldehyde Monitoring Program," NTIS PB-283229,
prepared for Houston Chamber of Commerce by Radian Corporation, Austin,
Texas (1978).
184.	Reamer, D.C., W.1I. Zoller and T.C. O'Haver, "Gas Chromatographic
Microwave Plasma Detector for the Determination of Tetraalkyl Lead
Species in the Atmosphere," Anal. Chem., 50:1449-1453 (1978).
185.	Roberts, R.M., "An Inventory of Carcinogenic Substances Released into
the Ambient Air of California," Contract 1-068-32-221-12, prepared for
Science Applications, Inc. by K.VB, Inc., Los Angeles, California (1980).
188. Russell, P. (ed.), "Denver Air Pollution Study - 1973," EPA
600/9-76-007, Proceedings of a Symposium, Vol. I and II, Denver
Research Institute, University of Denver, Colorado (1976).
191. Seila, R.L., "Non-urban Hydrocarbon Concentrations in Ambient Air North
of Houston, Texas," EPA 600/379-519, prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 30 pp. (1979).
194. Sherman, P.L., A.M. Kemmer, L. Metcalfe and H.D. Toy, "Environmental
Monitoring Near Industrial Sites: b-Chloroethers," NTIS PB-286485, EPA
560/6-78-003, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio (1978).
89

-------
195.	Siddiqi, A.A. and F.L. Worley, "Urban and Industrial Air Pollution in
Houston, Texas I: Hydrocarbons,11 Atmos. Environ., 11:131-143 (1977).
196.	Simmonds, P.G., S.L. Kerrin, J.E. Lovelock and P.H. Shair,
"Distribution of Atmospheric Halocarbons in the Air over the Los
Angeles Basin," Atmos. Environ., 8:209-216 (1974).
199. Singh, H.B., 1977a: "Atmospheric Halocarbons: Evidence in Favor of
Reduced Average Hydroxyl Radical Concentration in the Troposphere,"
Geophv. Res. Lett. Vol. 4, pp. 101-104.
204.	Singh, H.B., L. Salas, H. Shigcishi and A. Crawford, "Urban-Nonurban
Relationships of Halocarbons, SF6, NgO and Other Atmospheric Trace
Constituents," Atmos. Environ., 11:819-828 (1977).
205.	Singh, H.B., L.J. Salas, H. Shigcishi, A.J. Smith, E. Scribncr and L.A.
Cavanagh, "Atmospheric Distributions, Sources and Sinks of Selected
Halocarbons, Hydrocarbons, SF6 and N20," EPA 600/3-79-107, Final
Report, Grant 8038020, SRI Project 4487, SRI International, Menlo Park,
California (1979).
206.	Singh, H.B., L.J. Salas, A. Smith and H. Shigeishi, "Atmospheric
Measurements of Selected Toxic Organic Chemicals," EPA 600/3-8-072,
Interim Report, Grant 805990, SRI Project 7774, SRI International,
Menlo Park, California (1979).
220. Torres, A.L., P.J. Maroulis, A.B. Goldberg and A.R. Bandy, "Atmospheric
OCS Measurements on Project GAMETAG," J. Geophys. Res., 85(C12):
7345-7349 (1980).
222. Tuazon, E.C. et al., "A Kilometer Pathlength Fourier-Transform Infrared
System for the Study of Trace Pollutants in Ambient and Synthetic
Atmospheres," Atmos. Environ., 12:865-875 (1.978).
227. Wojinski, S., D. Clay and J. Bumarner, "Analysis of Volatile Organics
in Ambient Air at Henderson-Las Vegas, Nevada, September 1979," U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
(1979).
22.9. Singh, H.B., L.J. Salas, R. Stiles and H. Shigeishi, "Atmospheric
Measurements of Selected Hazardous Organic Chemicals," Second Year
Interim Report, Grant 805990, Project 7774, SRI International, Menlo
Park, California (November) (1980).
230.	Bunn, W.W., E.R. Deane, D.W. Klein and R.D. Kleopfer, "Sampling and
Characterization of Air for Organic Compounds," Water, Air and Soil
Pollut., 4:367-380 (1975).
231.	Su, C.W. and E.D. Goldberg, "Chlorofluorocarbons in the Atmosphere,"
Nature, 245:27 (1973).
232.	Su, C.W. and E.D Goldberg, "Environmental Concentrations and Fluxes of
Some Hydrocarbons," In: Marine Pollutant Transfer. H.L. Windom (ed.),
pp. 353-374 (Lexington Books, Lexington, Massachusetts) (1976).
90

-------
233.	Wallace, L. , "Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds in
Breathing-Zone Air, Drinking Water and Exhaled Breath" (preliminary
draft) (1981).
234.	Dimitriades, B. , "Photochemical Oxidants in the Ambient Air of the
United States," NTIS PB-251243, EPA 600/3-76-01.7, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (1976) .
235.	Westberg, H.H. , K.J. Allwine and E. Robinson, "Measurement of Light
Hydrocarbons and Oxidant Transport, Houston Area 1976," EPA
600/3-76-017, EPA Contract 68-02-2298, Washington State "University,
Pullman, Washington (1978).
236.	Pellizzari, E.D., "Organic Screening in Lake Charles, LA, Using Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Computer Techniques," EPA Contract
68-02-2714, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina (1979).
237.	Westberg, H. and P. Sweany, "Philadelphia Oxidant Data Enhancement
Study: Hydrocarbon Analysis," EPA Contract 68-02-3339, Washington
State University, Pullman, Washington (1980).
238.	Pellizzari, E.D., "Analysis of Organic Air Pollutants by Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy," EPA 600/2-77-100, Research
Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (1977).
239.	Pellizzari, E.D., "Quantification of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in
Previously Collected Air Samples," NTIS PB-289804, EPA 450/3-78-112,
Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
(1978) .
240.	Meijer, G.M. and H. Nieboer, "Determination of Peroxybenzoyl Nitrate
(PBzN) in Ambient Air," In Photochemical Smog Formation in the
Netherlands. R. Guicherit (ed.) pp. 60-63 (TKO, Gravenhage) (1978).
241.	Penkett, S.A., N.J.D. Prosser, R.A. Rasutussen and M.A.K. Khalil,
"Atmospheric Measurements of CF^ and Other Fluorocarbons Containing
the CF3 Grouping," J. Geophys. Res., 86(C6):5172-5178 (1981).
242.	Grosjean, Daniel, "Formaldehyde and other carbonyls in Los Angeles
ambient air," Environ. Sci. Technol., 16:254-262 (1982).
243.	Grosjean, D., R.D. Swanson and C. Ellis, "Carbonyls in Los Angeles
air: contribution of direct emissions and photochemistry," Sci. Tot.
Environ., 29:65-85 (1983).
244.	Holdren, M.W., H.H. Westberg and P.R. Zimmerman, "Analysis of
monoterpene hydrocarbons in rural atmospheres," J. Geophys. Res.,
84:5083-5088 (1979).
91

-------
245.	Makide, Yoshihiro and F. Sherwood Rowland, "Tropospheric concentrations
of methylchloroform, CH3CCI3, in January 1978 and estimates of the
atmospheric residence times for hydrohalocarbons," Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, 78:5933-5937 (1981).
246.	Bay Area Air Quality Management District, obtained from Dario Levaggi,
BAAQMD (1980) Formaldehyde data.
247.	Westberg, H., Allwine, E.J., et al. "Penri State Hydrocarbon Data
Summer of 1986", Contract KA85RAC05105, Final Report prepared for
National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, by Washington State
University, Pullman, Washington in preparation (1987).
248.	Carroll, M.A., "Measurements of OCS and CS2 in the Free Troposphere"
Journal of Geophysics Research, V90, No. D6 p. 10,483, October 20, 1985.
249.	Meng, Zhaokun and Roger L. Tanner, "Rapid Determination of PPB Levels
of Aldehydes in Ambient Air by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,"
BNL-51725, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, June 1983
(1983) .
250.	Lewis, T.E., E. Brennen and W.A. Lonneman, "PAN Concentrations in
Ambient Air in New Jersey," J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 33:885-887
(1983) .
251.	Monteith, David K., Thomas H. SCock and William E. Seifert, Jr.,
"Sources and characterization of organic air contaminants inside
manufactured housing," In: Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. Indoor Air Quality and
Climate. Stockholm Sweden. 1984. Vol. 4: Indoor Air. B. Berglund, T.
Lindvall and J. Sundell, Eds. (1984)
252.	McElroy, Frank F., Vinson L. Thompson and Harold G. Richter, "A
Cryogenic Preconcentration - Direct FID (PDFID) Method for Measurement
of KMOC in Ambient Air," FROM EPA (1987).
253.	Singh, H.B. , R. J. Ferek, L. J. Salas, K. C. Nitz, "Toxic Chemicals in
the Environment:: A Program of Field Measurements," EPA 600/3-86/047,
August 1986 (1986).
254.	Lloy, Paul J. and Joan M. Daisey, "Toxic Air Pollution, a Comprehensive
Study of Non-Criteria Air Pollutants," Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea,
Michigan, 294 p. (1987).
255.	TAMS, Information Regarding Sampling and Analysis can be obtained from
Dr. J. Walling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (1987).
256.	Clark County Health District, Data Obtained from Clark County Health
District, Las Vegas, Nevada, (1987).
257.	California Air Resources Board, 1985 and 1986 data (1986 data is
preliminary), obtained through U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(1987) .
92

-------
258.	Holdren, M.W., D. Joseph and D.L. Smith, "Collection and Analysis of
Canister and Tcnax Samples during the California Air Resources Board
Field Study (August, 1986)," Final Report, prepared for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Battelle Columbus Laboratories
(1986).
259.	Lonneman, William A., George R. Namie, and Joseph J. Bufalini,
"Hydrocarbons in Houston Air," EPA 600/3-79-018, February 1979, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
(1979).
260.	Offermann, Francis J., John R. Girman and Craig D. Hollowell, "Midway
House-Tightening ProjecL: A Study of Indoor Air Quality," LBL-12777,
prepared by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California for
Bonneville Power Administration, May (1981).
261.	Edgerton, Sylvia, "Gaseous Tracers in Receptor Modeling: Methyl
Chloride Emission from Wood Combustion," Ph.D. Dissertation, Oregon
Graduate Center, June (1985).
262.	Shields, Helen C. and Charles J. Weschler, "Analysis of Ambient
Concentrations of Organic Vapors with a Passive Sampler" Bell
Laboratories, Red Bank, New Jersey (1987).
263.	Turiel, I., C.D. Hollowell, R.R. Miksch, J.V. Rudy and R.A. Young, "The
Effects of Reduced Ventilation on Indoor Air Quality in an Office
Building," Atmos. Environ., 17:51-64 (1983).
264.	Hodgson, A.T., K.L. Geisling, B. Remijn and J.R. Girman, "Validation of
a Passive Sampler for Determining Formaldehyde in Residential Indoor
Air," LBL-14626, Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, September (1982).
265.	Schmide, Heidi E., Craig D. Hollowell, Robert E. Miksch and Amos S.
Newton, "Trace Organics in Offices," LBL-11378, Presented at the
National American Chemical Society Conference, Environmental Chemistry,
Las Vegas, Nevada, August 24-26, (1980).
266.	Offermann, F.J. et al., "Residential Air-Leakage and Indoor Air Quality
in Rochester, New York," LBL-13100, Prepared for U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, June
(1982).
267.	Berk, James V., Craig D. Hollowell, James H. Pepper and Rodger A.
Young, "The Impact of Reduced Ventilation on Indoor Air Quality in
Residential Buildings," LBL-10527, Paper 80-61.1, Presented at Air
Pollution Control Association 73rd Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada June 20-22 (1980).
268.	Miksch, R. R., D. W. Anthony, L. Z. Fanning, C. D. Hollowell, K. Revzan
and J. Glanville, "Modified Pararosaniline Method for the Determination
of Formaldehyde in Air," Anal. Chein., 53:2118-2123 (1981).
93

-------
269.	Moschandreas, D.J. and H.E. Rector, "Radon and Aldehyde Concentrations
in the Indoor Environment," LBL-12590, Prepared for Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory by Geomet Technologies, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, April
(1981).
270.	Lipschutz, R.D., J.R. Girman, J.B. Dickinson, J.R. Allen and G.W.
Traynor, "Infiltration and Indoor Air Quality in Energy Efficient
Houses in Eugene, Oregon," LBL-12924, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
Berkeley, California, August (1981).
271.	Mayer, E.W. , D.R. Blake, S.C. Tyler, Y. Makide, D.C. Montague and F.S.
Rowland, "Methane: Intcrhemispheric Concentration Gradient and
Atmospheric Residence Time," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79:1366-1370
(1982).
272.	Jaffar, M., V.A. Dutkiewicz and L. Husain, "Trichlorofluororaethane as a
Tracer of Urban Air Masses," Atrnos. Environ., 15:1653-1657 (1981).
273.	Lipari, Frank and Stephen J. Swarin, "2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine-Coated
Florisil Sampling Cartridges for the Determination of Formaldehyde in
Air," Environ. Sci. Technol., 19:70-74 (1985).
274.	Russell, John W. and Lewis A. Shadoff, "The Sampling and Determination
of Halocarbons in Ambient Air Using Concentration on Porous Polymer,"
J. Chromatogr., 134:375-384 (1977).
275.	Versar, Inc., "Draft Data Report for Monitoring and Analytical
Activities to Determine Ambient Air Concentrations of Selected Toxic
Pollutants in Baltimore, Maryland," Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Versar, Inc., Springfield, Virginia, April 18,
(1984).
276.	Holdren, M., C. Spicer, P. Sticksel, K. Nepsund, G. Ward and R. Smith,
"Final Report on Implementation and Analysis of Hydrocarbon Grab
Samples from Cleveland and Cincinnati 1981 Ozone Monitoring Study,"
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Battelle Columbus
Laboratories (1982).
277.	City of Philadelphia, data from Clem I-azenka, (1987).
278.	Westbcrg, H.B. Lamb, "Milwaukee Ozone Study - 1981 Data Tabulation and
Report." Final Report to Department of Natural Resources, Madison,
Wisconsin, Contract No. NRA 98571, (1982).
279.	Singh, H.B., Salas, L.J., R. Stiles and H. Shigeishi, "Measurements of
Hazardous Organic Chemicals in the Ambient Atmosphere,"
EPA 600/3-83-002, Prepared fur U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
SRI International, January (1983).
280.	Konopinski, Virgil J., "Seasonal Formaldehyde Concentrations in an
Office Building," Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 46:65-68 (1985).
94

-------
281.	Greenberg, J.P. and P.R. Zimmerman, "Nonmethane Hydrocarbons in Remote
Tropical, Continental, and Marine Atmospheres," J. Geophys. Res.,
89(D3):4767-4778 (1984).
282.	Schutte, W.C., R.S. Cole, C.V. Frank and K.R. Long, "Problems
Associated with the Use of Urea-Formaldehyde Foam for Residential
Insulation. Part III: Residential Studies in Colorado and Wisconsin,"
ORNL/SUB-7559/3, Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, February (1981).
283.	Hodgson, Alfred T., John R. Girman and Jehuda Binenboym, "A
Multisorbent Sampler for Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air,"
Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control
Association, Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 22-27 (1986).
284.	Bozzelli, Joseph W. and Barbara B. Kebbekus, "Volatile Organic
Compounds in the Ambient Atmosphere of the New Jersey, New York Area,"
EPA 600/3-83-022, Final Report Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New
Jersey, April (1983).
285.	Sexton, K. and H. Westberg, "Ambient Hydrocarbon and Ozone
Concentrations Near a Refinery, Benicia, California 1975," EPA
600 7-80-028, prepared by Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (1980).
286.	Tuazon, Ernesto C., Arthur M. Winer, Richard A. Graham and James N.
Pitts, Jr., "Atmospheric Measurements of Trace Pollutants, Long Path
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy," EPA 600/3-81-026, Prepared by
UC-Riverside for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April (1981).
287.	Lagomarsino, Raymond J., "Ambient Concentrations of Halocarbons and
Nitrous Oxide at Chester," In: Regional Baseline Station Chester. New
Jersey. Herbert L. Volchok (ed.), U.S. Department of Energy, EML-383
UC-11, October (1980).
289.	Eatough, D.J.. V.F. White, L.D. Hansen, N.L. Eatough and J.L. Cheney,
"Identification of Gas-phase Dimethyl Sulfate and Monomethyl Hydrogen
Sulfate in the Los Angeles Atmosphere," Environ. Sci. Technol.,
20:867-871 (1986).
290.	Roberts, James M., "Measurements of Atmospheric Hydrocarbons at a
Remote Rural Site," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado (1983).
291.	Hawthorne, Steven B. and Robert E. Sievers, "Emission of Organic Air
Pollutants from Shale Oil Wastewaters," Environ. Sci. Technol.,
18:483-490 (1984).
292.	Berk, J.V., R.A. Young, S.R. Brown and C.D. Hollowell, "Impact of
Energy-Conserving Retrofits on Indoor Air Quality in Residential
Housing," LBL-12189, Presented at the Air Poll. Control Assoc. 74th
Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 21-26, (1981).
95

-------
293.	Traynor, G.U., I.A. Nitschke, W.A. Clarke, G.P. Adams and J.E. Rizzuto,
"A Detailed Study of Thirty Houses with Indoor Combustion Sources,"
Presented at the Air Poll. Control Assoc. 78th Annual Meeting, Detroit,
Michigan, June 16-21, (1985).
294.	Young, R.A., J.V. Berk, S.R. Brown and C.D. Hollowell,
"Energy-Conserving Retrofits and Indoor Air Quality in Residential
Housing," LBL-12847, Presented at the Dow/ASHRAE Symposium on
Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality, Houston, Texas, January (1982).
295.	Bay Area Air Quality Management District, preliminary data from Dario
Levaggi, BAAQMD (1987).
296.	Bunch, J.E., N.P. Castillo, D. Smith, J.T. Bursey and E.D. Pellizzari,
"Evaluation of the Basic GC/MS Computer Analysis Technique for
Pollutant Analysis," EPA 600/2-80-171, Prepared by Research Triangle
Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (1980).
297.	Roberts, J.M., C.J. Hahn, F.C. Fehsenfeld, J.M. Warnock, D.L. Albritton
and R.E. Sievers, "Monoterpene Hydrocarbons in the Nighttime
Troposphere," Environ. Sci. Technol., 19:364-369 (1985).
298.	Versar, Inc., "Draft Data Report for Monitoring and Analytical
Activities to Determine Ambient Air Concentrations of Selected Toxic
Pollutants in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania," Prepared by Versar, Inc.,
Springfield, Virginia, for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1980).
299.	Hawthorne, A.R. et al., "An Indoor Air Quality Study of Forty East
Tennessee Homes," ORNL-5965, DE85007087, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee (1984).
300.	Koppe, Robert K., "Ambient Hydrocarbon Concentration Field Sampling and
Analysis Program," 81/13-22, Final Report Prepared for Bay Area Air
Quality Management District by Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington, May (1981).
301.	Prinn, R.G. et al., "The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment. 1.
Introduction, Instrumentation, and Overview," J. Geophys.Res.,
88(C13):8353-8367 (1983) .
302.	McAllister, R.A. , R. Jongleux, D.P. Dayton, P. O'Hara, and D. Wagoner,
"1986 Nonmethane Organic Compounds Monitoring," EPA 68-02-3889, Draft
report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Radian
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, January (1986).
303.	Hanst, Philip L., Ngai Woon Wong and Joseph Bragin, "A Long-path
Infra-red Study of Los Angeles Smog," Atmos. Environ., 16:969-981
(1982) .
304.	Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil, "Measurements, Sources, and Sinks of
Atmospheric Benzene and Toluene," In Geophysical Monitoring for
Climatic Change. Vol. 11, B.A. Bodhaine and J. Harris (eds.) (1983).
96

-------
305.	Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil, "Differences in the Concentrations
of Atmospheric Trace Gases in and Above the Tropical Boundary Layer,"
Pure and Applied Geophysics, 119:990-997 (1981).
306.	Khalil, M.A.K. and R.A. Rasmussen, "Sources, Sinks, and Seasonal Cycles
of Atmospheric Methane," J. Geophys. Res., 88(C9):5131-5144 (1983).
307.	Fitz-Simons, Terence, Thomas A. Lumpkin and William A. McClenny,
"Report on the Air Monitoring in the Kanawha Valley, West Virginia,"
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
NC, January (1987).
308.	Wallace, L.A. , Pellizzari, Perritt, Hartwell, Michael, Sparacino,
Sheldon, Whitmore, Leninger, Zelon, Handy, et al. "The Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study. (The data under this REF_ID are
for the first season in Elizabeth & Bayonne, N.J., only and are
primarily reported in Volume II), EPA/600/6-87/002, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (1987)
309.	Wallace, L.A., Pellizzari, Perritt, Hartwell, Michael, Sparacino,
Sheldon, Whitmore, Leninger, Zelon, Handy, et al. "The Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study. (The data under this REF	ID are
for the second season in Elizabeth & Bayonne, N.J., only and are
primarily reported in Volume II), EPA/600/6-87/002, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (1987)
310.	Wallace, L.A., Pellizzari, Perritt, Hartwell, Michael, Sparacino,
Sheldon, Whitmore, Leninger, Zelon, Handy, et al. "The Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study. (The data under this REF_ID are
for Greensboro, N.C., and Devil's Lake, N.D. only, and are primarily
reported in Volume II), EPA/600/6-87/002, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. (1987)
311.	Wallace, L.A., Pellizzari, Perritt, Hartwell, Michael, Sparacino,
Sheldon, Whitmore, Leninger, Zelon, Handy, et al. "The Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study. (The data under this REF	ID are
for the California sites, only. They are primarily reported in
Volume III), KPA/600/6-87/002, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. (1987)
312.	Shepson, P.B., T.K. Kleindienst, and M.B. McElhoe, "A Cryogenic
Trap/Porous Polymer Sampling Techniques for the Quantitative
Determination of Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations"
Atmospheric Environment V21, N3, p 579, (1987).
313.	Siramonds, P.G., S.L. Kerrin, J.E. Lovelock, and F.H. Shair
"Distribution of Atmospheric Halocarbons in the Air over the
Los Angeles Basin" Atmospheric Environment V 8, p 209, (1974).
97

-------
APPENDIX A
OLD AND NEW CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
AND CAS NUMBERS
i

-------
New
Old
CAS

Chem
Chem
Registry
CAS
ID
ID
Number
Name
1

00-00-1
7 -METHYL- 3 - METHYLENE -1,6- OCTADIENE
2

00-00-2
DIPHENYL ETHER
3

00-00-3
CUMENE
4

00-00-4
BUTYNE
5
33
50-00-0
FORMALDEHYDE
6
45
55-18-5
N-ETHYL-N-NITROSOAETHENAMINE
7
7
56-23-5
TETRACHLOROMETHANE
8

59-89-2
4-N1TR0S0M0RPH0L1NE
9
230
62-53-3
BENZENEAMINE
10
44
62-75-9
N-METIiYL-N-NITROSOMETHANAMINE
11

64-18-6
FORMIC ACID
12
126
64-67-5
DIETHYL ESTER SULFURIC ACID
13
328
67-64-1
2-PROPANONE
14
6
67-66-3
TRICHLOROMET1IANE
15
13
67-72-1
HEXACHLOROETHANE
16
1
71-43-2
BENZENE
17
10
71-55-6
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
18
301
74-82-8
METHANE
19
3
74-83-9
BROMOMETHANE
20
302
74-84-0
ETHANE
21
303
74-85-1
ETHENE
22
304
74-86-2
ETHYNE
23
2
74-87-3
CHLOROMETHANE
24
4
74-88-4
IODOMETHANE
25
201
74-95-3
DIBROMOMETHANE
26

74-97-5
BROMOCHLOROMETHANE
27
305
74-98-6
PROPANE
28

74-99-7
1-PROPYNE
29
113
75-00-3
CHLOROETHANE
30
15
75-01-4
CHLOROETHENE
31

75-05-8
ACETONITRILE
32
34
75-07-0
ACETALDEHYDE
33
5
75-09-2
DICHLOROMETHANE
34
129
75-15-0
CARBON DISULFIDE
35
337
75-18-3
THIOBISMETHANE
36
31
75-21-8
ETHYLENEOXIDE
37
205
75-25-2
TRIBROMOMETHANE
38
202
75-27-4
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
39
307
75-28-5
2-METHYLPROPANE
40
114
75-34-3
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
41
16
75-35-4
1,1-DICHLOROETHEN E
42
35
75-44-5
CARBONIC DICHLORIDE
43
112
75-45-6
CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
44
32
75-56-9
METHYLOXIRANE
45
325
75-69-4
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
46
324
75-71-8
DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
47
323
75-73-0
TETRAFLUOROMETHANE
48
130
75-74-1
TETRAMETHYLPLUMBANE
49

75-83-2
2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE
A-1

-------
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Old
CAS

Chem
Registry
CAS
ID
Number
Name

75-93-4
MONOMETHYLESTER SULFURIC ACID
330
75-97-8
3,3-DIMETHYL-2-BUTANONE
207
76-01-7
PENTACHLOROETHANE
326
76-13-1
1,1,2-TRICHLORO-l,2,2,-TRIFLUOROETHANE
327
76-14-2
1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE
30
77-47-4
1,2,3,4,5,5-HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
127
77-78-1
DIMETHYL SULFATE
131
78-00-2
TETRAETHYLPLUMBANE
117
78-75-1
1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE
310
78-78-4
2-METHYLBUTANE

78-79-5
2-METHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE
14
78-87-5
1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
329
78-93-3
2-BUTANONE
11
79-00-5
1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
18
79-01-6
TRICHLOROETHENE

79-29-8
2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE
12
79-34-5
1,1,2,2-TETRACHIDROETHANE
46
79-46-9
2-NITROPROPANE

79-92-5
2,2-DIMETHYL-3-METHYLENE-BICYCLO[2,2,l]-HEPTANE
110
80-56-8
2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-BICYCLO[3.1.1]-HEPT-2-ENE

87-61-6
1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE
22
87-68-3
1,1,2,3,4,4-HEXACHL0R0-1,3-BUTADIENE
322
90-12-0
1 -METHYLNAPHTHALENE
321
91-20-3
NAPHTHALENE

91-22-5
QUINOLINE

91-57-6
2 - METHYLNAPHTHALENE
332
93-55-0
1-PHENYL-1-PROPANONE
102
95-47-6
1,2-DIMETHYLBENZENE
36
95-48-7
2-METHYL PHENOL

95-49-8
1 - CHLORO - 2 - METHYLBENZENE
24
95-50-1
1,2-DICHL0R0BENZENE
319
95-63-6
1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE

95-93-2
1,2,4,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
212
96-12-8
1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
314
96-14-0
3-METHYLPENTANE

96-22-0
3-PENTANONE

96-37-7
METHYLCYCLOPENTANE

98-82-8
(1-METHYLETHYL)-BENZENE

98-83-9
1-(METHYLETHENYL)-BENZENE
331
98-86-2
1-PHENYLETHANONE
43
98-95-3
NITROBENZENE

99-87-6
1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHYL)-BENZENE
317
100-41-4
ETHYLBENZENE
104
100-42-5
ETHENYLBENZENE
29
100-44-7
(CHLOROMETHYL)-BENZENE
231
100-47-0
BENZONITRILE
119
100-52-7
BENZALDEHYDE

103-65-1
PROPYLBENZENE

104-51-8
BUTYLBENZENE
A-2

-------
New
Old
CAS

Chem
Chem
Registry
CAS
TD
ID
Number
Name
99

105-05-5
1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE
100

105-67-9
2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL
101
103
106-42-3
1,4-DIMETHYLBENZENE
102

106-43-4
1-CHLORO-4-METHYLBENZENE
103
37
106-44-5
4-METHYLPHENOL
104
26
106-46-7
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
105
227
106-89-8
(CHLOROMETHYL)OXIRANE
106
9
106-93-4
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
107
234
106-95-6
3 -BROMO-1-PROPENE
108
308
106-97-8
BUTANE
109

106-98-9
1-BUTENE
110
105
106-99-0
1,3-BUTADIENE
111
39
107-02-8
2-PR0PENAL
112
206
107-04-0
1-BROMO- 2-CHLOROETHANE
113
20
107-05-1
3-CHLORO-1-PROPENE
114
8
107-06-2
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
115

107-10-1
4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
116

107-12-0
PROPANENITRILE
117
42
107-13-1
2-PROPENENITRILE
118

107-50-6
TETRADECAMETHYLCYCLOHEPTASILOXANE
119
313
107-83-5
2-METHYLPENTANE
120

107-87-9
2-PENTANONE
121
316
108-08-7
2,4-DIMETHYLPENTANE
122
228
108-31-6
2,5-FURANDIONE
123

108-38-3
1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
124
38
108-39-4
3-METHYLPHENOL
125

108-47-4
2,4-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
126

108-48-5
2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
127
318
108-67-8
1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
128

108-68-9
3,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL
129

108-70-3
1,3,5-TRICHLOROBENZENE
130

108-75-8
2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPYRIDINE
131
216
108-86-1
BROMOBENZENE
132

108-87-2
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
133
101
108-88-3
METHYLBENZENE
134

108-89-4
4-METHYLPYRIDINE
135
23
108-90-7
CHLOROBENZENE
136

108-94-1
CYCLOHEXANONE
137
122
108-95-2
PHENOL
138

108-99-6
3 -METHYLPYRIDINE
139

109-06-8
2-METHYLPYRIDINE
140
311
109-66-0
PENTANE
141

109-67-1
1-PENTENE
142
210
109-70-6
1-BROMO- 3-CHLOROPROPANE
143

109-97-7
1H-PYRROLE
144

109-99-9
TETRAHYDROFURAN
145

110-02-1
THIOPHENE
146
315
110-54-3
HEXANE
147
116
110-56-5
1,4-DICHLOROBUTANE
A-3

-------
New
Old
CAS

Chera
Chem
Registry
CAS
ID
ID
Number
Name
148

110-82-7
CYCLOHEXANE
149

110-83-8
CYLCOHEXENE
150

110-86-1
PYRIDINE
151
41
111-44-4
1,1'-OXYBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE)
152
334
111-65-9
OCTANE
153

111-66-0
1-0CTENE
154

111-76-2
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
155
335
111-84-2
NONANE
156
106
112-40-3
DODECANE
157
306
115-07-1
PROPENE
158

115-11-7
2-METHYL-1-PENTENE
159

115-11-7
2-METHYL-1-PROPENE
160

119-61-9
DIP1IENYLMETHANONE
161

119-65-3
ISOQUINOLINE
162

120-82-1
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
163
111
123-01-3
DODECYLBENZENE
164

123-38-6
PROPANAL
165

123-72-8
BUTANAL
166

123-86-4
BUTYL ACETATE
167
229
123-91-1
1,4-(DIOXANE)
168

124-11-8
1-NONENE
169

124-13-0
OCTANAL
170
107
124-18-5
DECANE
171
203
124-48-1
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
172
21
126-99-8
2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE
173
19
127-18-4
TETRACHLOROETHENE
174

127-91-3
6 , 6-DIMETHYL-2-METHYLENE-BICYCLO[3
175

135-01-3
1,2-DIETHYLBENZENE
176

135-98-8
(1-METHYLPROPYL)-BENZENE
177

141-78-6
ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
178

141-93-5
1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE
179

142-29-0
CYCLOPENTENE
180
333
142-82-5
HEPTANE
181

144-19-4
2,2,4-TRIMETHYL-1,3-PENTANEDIOL
182
17
156-59-2
(Z)-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE
183
118
156-60-5
(E)-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE
184

287-92-3
CYCLOPENTANE
185

291-64-5
CYCLOHEPTANE
186

463-49-0
1,2-PROPADIENE
187

463-58-1
CARBON OXIDE SULFIDE
188

464-06-2
2,2,3-TRIMETHYLBUTANE
189

488-23-3
1,2,3,4-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
190

496-78-6
2,4,5-TRIMETHYLPHENOL
191

513-35-9
2-METHYL-2-BUTENE
192

527-53-7
1,2,3,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE
193

527-60-6
2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPHENOL
194

538-68-1
PENTYLBENZENE
195

540-84-1
2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE
196

540-97-6
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE
A-4
.•r

-------
New
Old
CAS

Chem
Chem
Registry
CAS
ID
ID
Number
Name
197

541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
198

541-05-9
HEXAMETHYLCYCLOTRISILOXANE
199
25
541-73-1
1,3-DICHL0R0BENZENE
200

544-76-3
HEXADECANE
201

554-14-3
2-METHYLTHIOPHENE
202

556-67-2
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE
203

556-68-3
HEXADECAMETHYLCYCLOOCTASILOXANE
204

562-49-2
3,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE
205
312
563-45-1
3-METHYL-1-BUTENE
206

563-46-2
2-METHYL-1-BUTENE
207

564-02-3
2,2,3-TRIMETHYLPENTANE
208

565-59-3
2,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE
209

565-75-3
2,3,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE
210

576-26-1
2,6-DIMETHYLPHENOL
211
320
576-73-8
1,2,3-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
212

583-61-9
2,3 -DIMETHYLPYRIDINE
213

584-94-1
2,3-DIMETHYLHEXANE
214
226
587-04-2
3-CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE
215

589-34-4
3-METHYLHEXANE
216

589-43-5
2,4-DIMETHYLHEXANE
217

589-81-1
3-METHYLHEPTANE
218

590-18-1
(Z)-2-BUTENE
219

591-76-4
2-METHYLHEXANE
220

592-13-2
2,5-DIMETHYLHEXANE
221

592-27-8
2-METHYLHEPTANE
222

592-41-6
1-HEXENE
223
109
593-45-3
OCTADECANE
224
204
594-18-3
DIBROMODICHLOROMETHANE
225
222
608-93-5
PENTACHLOROBENZENE
226

611-14-3
1-ETHYL-2-METHYLBENZENE
227

616-12-6
(E)-3 -METHYL-2-PENTENE
228

616-43-3
3 - METHYL- 1H- PYRROLE
229

616-44-4
3-METHYLTHIOPHENE
230

619-99-8
3-ETHYLHEXANE
231

620-14-4
1-ETHYL-3-METHYLBENZENE
232
336
622-96-8
1-ETHYL-4-METHYLBENZENE
233

624-64-6
(E)-2-BUTENE
234

624-92-0
DIMETHYLDISULFIDE
235

625-27-4
2-METHYL-2 -PENTENE
236

627-20-3
(Z)-2-PENTENE
237
232
627-42-9
1-CHLORO-2-METHOXYETHANE
238

629-50-5
TRIDECANE
239

629-59-4
TETRADECANE
240

629-62-9
PENTADECANE
241

629-78-7
HEPTADECANE
242
115
630-20-6
1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
243

636-41-9
2 - METHYL - 1H - PYRROLE
244

646-04-8
(E)-2-PENTENE
245

674-76-0
(E)-4-METHYL-2 -PENTENE
A-5

-------
New
Old
CAS

Chem
Chem
Registry
CAS
ID
ID
Number
Name
246

691-38-3
(Z)-4-METHYL-2-PENTENE
247

693-89-0
1-METHYLCYCLOPENTENE
248

763-29-1
2 -METHYL-1-PENTENE
249

871-83-0
2-METHYLNONANE
250

931-54-4
ISOCYANOBENZENE
251

933-98-2
1-ETHYL-2,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
252

934-80-5
4-ETHYL-1,2-DIMETHYLBENZENE
253

1068-87-7
3-ETHYL-2,4-DIMETHYL PENTANE
254

1077-16-3
HEXYLBENZENE
255
108
1120-21-4
UNDECANE
256

1320-37-2
DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE
257

1333-41-1
METHYLPYRIDINE
258
120
1334-78-7
METHYLBENZALDEHYDE
259

1502-38-1
METHYLCYCLOOCTANE
260

1640-89-7
ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
261

1678-91-7
ETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
262

1759-58-6
TRANS-1,3-DIMETHYL CYCLOPENTANE
263
132
1762-26-1
ETHYLTRIMETHYLPLUMBANE
264
133
1762-27-2
DIETHYLDIMETHYLPLUMBANE
265
134
1762-28-3
TRIETHYLMETHYLPLUMBANE
266

1795-27-3
1A,3A,5A-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
267

2049-94-7
(3-METHYLBUTYL)-BENZENE
268

2213-23-2
2,4-DIMETHYLHEPTANE
269

2216-30-0
2,5-DIMETHYLHEPTANE
270

2216-33-3
3-METHYL0CTANE
271

2216-34-4
4-METHYL0CTANE
272
123
2278-22-0
ACETYL NITRO PEROXIDE
273

2532-58-3
CIS-1,3-DIMETHYL CYCLOPENTANE
274

2807-30-9
2-PROPOXY ETHANOL
275

3522-94-9
2,2,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANE
276
215
3737-00-6
3-BROMO-1-CHLORO-1-PROPENE
277

4050-45-7
(E)-2-HEXENE
278

4461-48-7
4-METHYL-2-PENTENE
279
40
4885-02-3
DICHLOROMETHOXYMETHANE
280
124
5796-89-4
NITRO-1-OXOPROPYLPEROXIDE
281

5989-27-5
(R)-1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-CYCLOHEXEKE
282

5989-54-8
(S)-1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-CYCLOHEXENE
283

6443-92-1
(Z)-2-HEPTENE
284

7642-04-8
(Z)-2-0CTENE
285

7642-09-3
(Z)-3-HEXENE
286

7688-21-3
(Z)-2-HEXENE
287

10061-01-5
(Z)-1,3 -DICHLORO-1-PROPENE
288

10061-02-6
(E)-1,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE
289
27
12002-48-1
TRICHLOROBENZENE
290

13269-52-8
(E)-3-HEXENE
291

13466-78-9
3,7,7-TRIMETHYLBICYCL0[4.1.0]HEPT-3-ENE
292

14686-13-6
(E)-2-HEPTENE
293

17301-94-9
4-METHYLNONANE
294
28
17700-09-3
TETRACHLOROBENZENE
A-6
4.

-------
New Old
Chem Chem
IP	ID
CAS
Registry
Number
CAS
Name
295
309
25167-67-3
BUTENE
296
223
25167-93-5
CHLORONITROBENZENE
297

25321-22-6
DICHLOROBENZENE
298

25323-30-2
DICHLOROETHENE
299

25619-60-7
TETRAMETHYL BENZENE
300
208
26446-77-5
BROMOPROPANE
301
214
26952-23-8
DICHLORO-1-PROPENE
302
225
27134-26-5
CHLOROBENZENEAMINE
303

27195-67-1
DIMETHYLCYCLOH EXANE
304
224
27900-75-0
DICHLORONITROBENZENE
305
233
28699-88-9
DICHLORONAPHTHALENE
306

28729-52-4
DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE
307
217
28807-97-8
BROHOMETHYLBENZENE
308

29224-55-3
ETHYL DIMETHYL BENZENE
309
221
29733-70-8
TETRACHLOROMETHYLBENZENE
310
218
29797-40-8
DICHLOROMETHYLBENZENE
311
121
30025-33-3
BENZENEDICARBOXALDEHYDE
312

30498-63-6
TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
313
219
30583-33-6
TRICHLOROMETHYLBENZENE
314

30677-34-0
ETHYLMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
315
125
32368-69-7
BENZOYL NITRO PEROXIDE
316
209
34652-54-5
BROMOCHLOROPROPANE
317
213
55162-35-1
1,1-DIBROMO-2-CHLOROPROPANE
318

55880-77-8
PENTACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE
319
211
67708-83-2
DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE
320

79504-02-2
BROMOPENTACHLOROETHANE
A-7

-------
APPENDIX B
VOC DATA ASSESSMENT/SURVEY FORM
6-i

-------
Ambient VOC Data Base Update
Under an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) contract, Nero
and Associates, Inc. (NAI) is attempting to collect, evaluate
and process all ambient and indoor data on potentially
hazardous Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC's) obtained in the
United States since 1980. We would like you to fill out the
attached VOC Data Assessment/Survey form and/or send us copies
of reports and data, preferrably on IBM PC readable disks or as
appropriate. The data collected will be incorporated into the
data base on ambient VOC concentrations in urban, rural, source
dominated, personal and indoor environments. The updated data
base in dBASE III will be available for use on IBM compatible
personal computers in the middle of 1987.
Many of you are familiar with the existing VOC data base,
published in 1983, "Volatile Organic Chemicals in the
Atmosphere:	An	Assessment	of Available Data,"
EPA-600/3-83-027(a). This data base, containing data collected
from 1970 to 1980, was created under a previous EPA contract in
which 241 articles were evaluated. Of these, 67 yielded 17,700
records of information on 132 chemicals, each record
representing all the reported measurements for one chemical at
one site during one day. The data were also evaluated for
quality. We have enclosed summary tables from this data base
for your use, and to emphasize that the time spent responding
to our assessment form will be rewarded with an improved,
publically available data base. It is expected that the new
data base will have even wider applications.
In addition to data extraction and quality assessment, the
update will include an exploratory analysis of the data to
attempt investigation of questions such as the following:
-	What is the likely range and distribution of
ambient concentrations for the various chemicals?
-	Are there any detectable patterns or trends?
-	Are there detectable chemical "hot spots," or
are the ambient concentrations relatively consistent
over wide areas?
As an expert in the field of trace species analysis, you are
well aware of the sampling, analysis, and quality assurance
details necessary to compile such a data base. The attached
assessment form is designed to save you time and elicit
consistent responses. Data in the form of PC readable disks,
3-/

-------
reports, papers, or hand written documents should also be
attached. If you provide PC readable disks, please specify
the computer and format of the data. Also, we prefer the data
to be submitted as daily averages but any averaging period is
acceptable.
When multiple chemicals are measured at multiple sites, the
forms can be duplicated. You may elect to send us the
attachments in the form of reports alone if your time does not
permit completion of the form. Of course, completing the form
entirely, or even answering the questions not covered in your
report, will improve the completeness and the usefulness of the
database.
Your cooperation in submitting VOC data is greatly
appreciated. The resulting data base will be available on
diskettes from EPA or NAI upon completion of this project.
Confidential information is optional for the attached
questionnaire. Please remember, this data base cannot be
compiled without your help. The extensiveness of the data is
directly proportional to the number of scientists responding to
this survey.
If you have new data that you are not willing to divulge,
please let us know what information is likely to be available
in the near future. Also, if you are aware of colleagues who
are generating data which could be included in the data base,
please let us know so that we may contact them.
Please do not hesitate to call Jitendra Shah of NAI at (503)
223-4150, or Larry Cupitt of EPA at (919) 541-2878, if you
have questions or comments about this project.
Very truly yours,
NERO AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
J
Manager
Environmental Analysis Group
JJS/cs
e>-3L

-------
VOC DATA ASSESSMENT/SURVEY FORM
OMB Clearance No. 2060-0012
Expiration Date May 30, 1989
Nero and Associates, Inc. (NAI)
520 S.W. Sixth Avenue, Suite 1250
Portland, Oregon 97204
If you have any questions, please call Jitu Shah (503)223-4150
Researcher's Name(s): 	
Institution: 	
Addre s s: __	
City:	
State:
Zip:
Telephone Number:
Study Sponsor:
Chemical(s): _
Site Longitude:
Latitude:
Site Address:
City: 	
State:
Tel. No. 1
Zip:
Site Type:
A. Remote	CZI
C. Suburban	LU
E. Source Dominated..., 	~
G. Personal (Indoor & Outdoor) .. .CZI
B.	Rural..... 	~
D.	Urban	CZI
F.	Indoor (Residential)..IZJ
H.	Indoor (Workplace) .... EZI
Most Dominant Source at the Site (Specify):
If SAROAD site, Give Site No: 	
3-3

-------
Measurement Units:
a. ppt	n
C. ppbC	[H
Sampling Method:
A. Direct	~
C. Absorbing Resin	Cj
E. Bag Samples.... 	~
G. Bubbler	 	~
I. Other (specify):	 	~
Analysis Method:
A. 6C-ECD	 	~
C. GC-EC/coul	 	~
E. GC-TEA	 	~
G. Tot. Hydrocarbon Analysis. ~
I. Bioassay	 	~
K. GC-MPD	 	~
M. MS/MS	 	~
0. Other (specify):	 	~
Data Averaging Time:
A. Grab sample	LD
C„ 2-23 hours.... 	~
E. 1 to 7 days 	 _	~
G. Other (specify) 	
B. ug/m3	~
D. Other (Specify)	EH
B.	Pressurized Canisters....
D.	Absorbing Cartridge	
F.	Cold Trap	
H.	Hi-Vol	
B. GC-FID OR GC-FPD	
D. Chemiluminescence		
F. FTIR	
H. GC-PID		
J. GC/MS		
L. Wet Chemical		
N. HPLC		
B. 1-hour		
D. 24-hours		
F. Long term (>7 days)
specify:	
M

-------
Detection Limit of Analysis Method Used:
Precision:
Accuracy:
Type and Sources of Standards:
Frequency of calibration:
Quality control and assurance:
What was the objective of this sampling?
What other sampling was done simultaneously?
Weather conditions during sampling:
Future plans for similar sampling:
General Comments, e.g. address:
-uncertainties in data
-artifacts and interferences
-problems encountered in sampling
-the weakest part of the measurement process
-opinions of acceptable absolute accuracies for VOC measurements
in air
-preferred averaging time (e.g. 24 hours, one week, one month)
-guidelines for site selection
-other potential uses of this data
-problems encountered in using the database
-suggestions for improving the data assessment/survey form
-suggestions for improvement over the previous VOC database
-others
Please attach PC readable disks and specify the format (dBASE III and
IBM ASCII files are preferred but any format is better than us having
to re-input the data) or highlight report or documentation in the
form of data sheets or fill out this table.
6-*

-------
Concentration	Time Between
(units	) Sampling & Analysis Comments
j
+
6-b

-------
APPENDIX C
LIST OF ERRORS FOUND IN 1980
VOC DATA BASE
t-i

-------
December 16, 1986
Larry Cupitt
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of AP&D - ESPL
Mail Drop 84
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Dear Larry:
We have completed the QA check for 13 of the 15 references suggested by
Hanwant Singh. These 13 articles yielded about 1,000 data records; we checked
about 175 of these to ascertain the types of errors which were occurring. We
wanted to summarize these for you and solicit your input regarding whether it
is reasonable to expend the considerable amount of time to actually check all
the information for each data record.
I have enclosed a list of specific problems for each reference. To summarize,
the actual numbers were rarely wrong, problems occurred instead with
improperly combining sites, failing to extract all useful data and incorrectly
reporting standard deviations and minimum detection limits. We did not
attempt to recreate the quality codes for checking. We also did not check the
longitude and latitude if they were not provided in the reference. These
activities would require much more time than is allotted for this task.
Please review the enclosed list and let us know where you would like us to go
next.
Additionally, if they are easy to obtain, could you please send us references
20 and 229? We have copies but they are on microfiche and we hate to waste
project time sitting in front of a microfiche machine making copies!
Sincerely,
NERO AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
Jitendra J. Shah, Ph.D.
Manager
Environmental Analysis Program
JJS/gb
12/11/87
0-m
0796R
Preceding page blank

-------
Reference 6
216 data records on formaldehyde (hourly averages) not included in the
data base.
no site address reported even though given in the reference
analytical method reported as wet chemical, reference indicates
spectrophotometry (no category for this)
Reference 42
no data was extracted from this reference (field studies were
performed, but this data is not provided in the reference)
Reference 52
no data was extracted from this reference; however, 300 hourly
averages for tetrachloroethylene were given in the reference
Reference 73
sites were combined in the averages included in the data base (e.g. 10
sites spread out over 20 city blocks were combined)
only data from absorbing cartridges was reported although some data
from filter samples were given (8 data records omitted)
absorbing cartridges were "charcoal," but were reported as "absorbing
cartridge (Tenax)" in the data base
two concentration errors in 11 data records
no detection limit reported although reference provides a minimum
Reference 84
no data extracted from this reference (measurements not made in the
U.S.)
Reference 117
same as reference 84
Reference 122
used analytical method standard deviation for sites with samples on
more than one day
minimum concentration several times reported as 1 (the detection
limit) when it should have been 0 (below the detection limit)
data type incorrectly reported several times (e.g. reported "more than
seven days" when the period was really less than seven days)
Reference 174
used analytical method standard deviation for sites with samples on
more than one day
C-l
(>|V

-------
minimum concentration several times reported as 1 (the detection
limit) when it should have been 0 (below the detection limit)
data type incorrectly reported several times (e.g. reported "more than
seven days" when the period was really less than seven days)
Reference 174
measurements from two cities not included in data base
(some indoor measurements which can he included in the new data base)
Reference 196
sites combined in averaging
Reference 209
no data was extracted from this reference although there are 50 useful
data records
Reference 227
ground-based and air-borne samples were combined in averaging
the distinction between detection limits and trace quantities not
clearly made
many sites combined
C-2

-------
APPENDIX D
USER'S GUIDE TO
VOC DATA BASE UTILITY PROGRAM
0-1

-------
VOC DATA BASE UTILITY PROGRAM
1.0 General Description/Scope
The VOC Utility Program is a menu-driven data entry program written in
the dBase III+ programming language. The program provides the user with
a simple method of entering new data into one of five VOC data bases
and/or extracting pertinent data based on a set of user identifiable
filters.
It is assumed that the user has a working knowledge of MS-DOS and
dBase III+. Therefore, no attempt will be made in this procedure to
describe in detail MS-DOS or dBase III+ commands.
2.0 Requirements
- dBase III+ Plus (Version 1.0) or greater
3.0 Getting Started
3.1	Make sure that the VOC utility program has a path to the VOC
data base files or is in the same directory.
3.2	Invoke dBase III+ and at the dot prompt type:
.DO VOC (ct)
The program will present an opening page and proceed to verify
that all necessary files are present. If any files are detected
missing then the user will be presented a list of the missing
files. If this occurs, verify that all files are in the default
directory. A full list of the program files can be found in the
data base file V0C_FILE.DBF.
3.3	Once the file verification is complete, the MAIN MENU will be
displayed. The user can then select:
(1)	enter new data
(2)	extract old data
(3)	set certain program operating parameters, or
(A) quit.
Any menu item can be selected by simply pressing the associated
number on the keyboard. Any keyboard entry other than a menu
selection will be ignored.
4.0 Program Description
4.1 MAIN MENU
Four options are provided at the MAIN MENU.
(1)	Enter new Data
(2)	Extract Data
D-l

-------
(3)	"Utility
(4)	Exit Program
4.4.1	(1) Enter new Data
After selecting number "1" at the MAIN MENU the user will
presented with the new data menu. This menu has six (6)
possible selections all with the sole purpose of entering
new data into the individual VOC data bases.
(1)	Enter new SITE data
Use this selection to enter new data into the
VOC_SITE.DBF data base.
(2)	Enter new METHOD data
Use this selection to enter new data into the
VOC_MTHD.DBF data base.
(3)	Enter new CONCENTRATION data
Use this selection to enter new data into the
VOC_AMBI.DBF and VOC_INDO.DBF data bases.
(4)	Enter new BIBLIOGRAPHY data
Use this selection to enter new data into the
VOC_REFS.DBF data base.
(5)	Enter new CHEMICAL data
Use this selection to enter new data into the
VOC_CHEM.DBF data base.
(6)	Return to MAIN MENU
Use this selection to return to the MAIN MENU.
4.4.2	(2) Extract Data (User Data base)
The User Data base is comprised of pre-selected fields from
the VOC_AMBI, VOC_INDO, VOC_CHEM, VOC_MTHD, and VOC_SITE data
bases. The data that will be stored in these fields are
determined through a set of filters that the program sets up
according to how the user answers questions about the data he
wishes to extract.
The user will be presented with a brief explanation of the
User Data base and a choice to continue or return to the
MAIN MENU.
D-2

-------
If the user wishes to continue, then the program will ask
for a name to call the User Data base. Another drive can be
selected by placing the drive letter and a colon before the
name. Path names other than another drive are not
supported.
example - A:MYDATA
NOTE: DO NOT include the data base (.DBF) extension after
the name as the program does this automatically for you.
Once a name has been entered, the program will verify
that a duplicate name does not exist in the same directory.
If a duplicate file does exist then an option is presented
of writing over the existing file or choosing a new name.
Next the program will ask a series of questions regarding
what type of filters to set up for the User Data base. The
options include:
Whether to use the Ambient or Indoor data bases.
A particular State and City, all Cities in a State,
all States.
A particular Date range (ex. 1/15/86 to 1/15/87)
A particular Chemical or all Chemicals.
Once all questions have been answered, the filters
selected will be presented for verification. Type "Y" to
continue or "N" to start over and revise filters, data base
name, or quit.
If "Y" is selected then the number of records matching the
filters will be counted and the default drive (or the drive
selected along with the name) will be checked for enough
space to hold the resultant data base.
If there is not enough drive space, then the program will
notify you of this and abort. If this is the case, either
select another drive or a smaller range of filters. For
example, if at first a two year period was selected, then
select two one year periods instead and create two User
Data bases. Do not forget to remove the first one year
period from the drive before creating the second!
If the available drive space is large enough, then a
data base (.DBF) file will be created with a structure as
follows:
D-3

-------
Field
Field Name
Type
Width
Dec
1
REF_I.D
Character
4

2
SITE_ID
Character
3

3
CHEM_1D
Character
3

4
C0NC_PPB
Numeric
10
3
5
RSD
Numeric
3

6
NUM_SMPLS
Numeric
3

7
MIN_C0NC
Numeric
10
3
8
MAX_CONC
Numeric
10
3
9
NUMLESSMQL
Numeric
3

10
START_DATE
Date
8

11
START_TIME
Character
4

12
ST0P_DATE
Date
8

13
ST0P_TIME
Character
4

14
DELAY_HRS
Numeric
4

15
RANKING
Character
4

16
RATING
Character
1

17
SAMP_DUR
Character
4

18
COMMENTS
Character
1.6

19
SAMP_MTHD
Character
8

20
ANAL_MTHD
Character
8

21
MQL
Numeric
10
3
22
SITE_TYPE
Character
2

23
LATITUDE
Numeric
6
3
24
LONGITUDE
Numeric
7
3
25
SITE_ADDR
Character
24

26
CITY
Character
16

27
STATE
Character
2

28
SAR0AD_N0
Character
12

29
PRININVEST
Character
20

30
CAS_NAME
Character
44

** Total **

262

4.4.3 (3) Utility Menu
Selection "3" at the MAIN MENU presents five options:
(1)	Concentration Data base Statistics
This selection will display a screen full of useful
data including:
-	the version MS-DOS being used
-	the version dBase III+ being used
-	the total size of VOC_AMBI.DBF, V0C_IND0.DBF
-	the last time the V0C_AMBI.DBF, VOC_INDO.DBF file was
edited
-	space left on the default drive
(2)	Reindex ALL Data bases
This selection will create from scratch all of the
necessary index (.NDX) files needed for the Utility
D-4

-------
program to perform properly. Normally the index files
are updated automatically when data is changed or added
from within the Utility program. However, manual
editing or modification of data-base data done outside
the program can corrupt the index files. Remember that
because of the nature of an index file, if it becomes
corrupted, it can create much confusion and loss of data
integrity.
Note that with large data bases reindexing could take
the better part of an hour or more.
(3)	Turn Beep ON/OFF
This selection will turn off the beep when data windows
are filled and the system prompts for an enter key.
It will not turn off the beep during menu selections
(4)	Display Opening Screen
This selection will display the opening page and rerun
the file check utility that is done at the beginning of
the program. After the file check is complete the
program returns to the Utility menu.
(5)	Return to MAIN MENU
Use this selection to return to the MAIN MENU.
5.0 Problems/Solutions
1.	Problem: Missing record numbers or confusing match up of records.
Solution: Could be that the data base index (.NDX) files are not up
to date. Use the Utility Menu option to update the index files.
Note that with a large data base, reindexing could take an hour or
more to complete.
Index files are updated automatically when the Enter New Data
option is selected from the MAIN MENU. However, if manual edits
are performed on the data bases, the index files may not be updated.
2.	Problem: "Too many open files"
Solution: Check the CONFIG.SYS file in the root directory of the
default drive. Make sure that the following commands are present:
FILES—15
BUFFERS-20
If these commands are not present, or if there is not a CONFIG.SYS
file in the root directory, then create or edit the file to include
D-5

-------
the above two commands and reboot the system. dBase I11+ needs to
have this configuration in order to function properly.
3. Problem: "Cannot find file"
Solution: Rerun the opening page selection from the Utility Menu.
This will verify that all necessary files can be accessed.
6.0 Programming Notes
1.	A listing of all VOC Utility Program files, cross-references, and
symbol tables are contained in the file VOC_XREF.DOC.
2.	All required index files can be created from scratch by running the
program file VOC_INDX.PRG by itself or from the VOC Utility Program
by selecting "4" in the Utility Menu. Note that because of the
size of the VOC data bases, this may take the better part of an hour
to run.
3.	All index files are maintained automatically when appending data
inside of the VOC Utility Program.
4.	A list of all required files can be found in the VOC_FILE.DBF
data base.
5.	The User Data base skeleton structure is contained in the
VOC_USER.SHL data base.
6.	Skeleton structures for the remaining data bases are found in their
corresponding VOC_XXXX.SHL data bases.
7.	Many of the VOC Utility Program files are too large to edit with
the dBase III+ editor. Either use an ASCII editor outside of the
dBase III+ shell or create a CONFIG.DB file in the default directory
and include in it the following command:
TEDIT=youreditor	; where "youredi.tor" is the command
to invoke a word processor capable
of inputting and outputting ASCII
only files.
Now "youreditor" will be invoked when using the MODIFY COMMAND
filename inside of the dBase III+ shell.
WARNING: Modifying the VOC Utility Program is done at your own
risk. Nero and Associates, Inc. (NAI), EPA or authors of
this report will not be held responsible for any data loss
or damage resulting from use and modification of the VOC
Utility Program.
I)-6

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please trod Imuructioni on the reverse before compl

jfa
PB88-19 bbi1
4. TI~LE ANDSuBTITLE
NATIONAL AMBIENT VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
(VOCs) DATA BASE UPDATE
6 REPORT DATE
March 1988
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORlSI
J. J. Shah and E. K. Heyerdahl
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Nero and Associates, Inc.
520 S.W. Sixth Avenue, Suite 1250
Portland, Oregon 97204-1510
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
A101/C/72/01-4000 (FY-88)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-4190
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OP REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
16SUPP LE ME NTABY NOTES
For Diskette, sec: PEES- I03.31
16 ABSTRACT
Data on the observed concentrations of three hundred twenty (320) volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) were compiled, critically evaluated, and assembled into
a relational data base. Ambient (i.e., outdoor) measurements, indoor data, and data
collected with personal monitors are included. The data are primarily from the
period 1970-1987 and for locations within the United States. In order to compare
data from many different sources, each concentration record in the data base repre-
sents the daily average for a single chemical, wherever feasible. The total data
base contains more than 175,000 concentration records.
Summaries of the data distributions are tabulated in the report. Averages,
medians and quartile values are given for each chemical measured in both the ambient
and indoor site categories. Median values are also listed for each chemical for the
eight specific site types included in the data report. The ambient site types are:
remote, rural, suburban, urban, and source dominated. The indoor category of site
types include residential indoor, workplace (non-industrial), and personal monitors.
The data have been assembled into a relational data base using dBASE III Plus,
a commercially available data base management program. The report contains a com-
plete description of the data base files and a guide describing the use of a prepared
program for searching and maintaining the data base.
17.	•	KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDEDTERMS
c. cosati Field Group



18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
130
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thu page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1
I

-------