ft EPA
United States
Environmenta
Agency
EPA/600/R-17/2941 September 2017 | www.epa.gov/research
Engineering
Technical
Support Center
Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
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EPA/600/R-17/294
September 2017
Engineering Technical Support Center Annual
Report Fiscal Year 2016
by
Adam McNeeley
University of Cincinnati
and
John McKernan
Land and Materials Management Division
Cincinnati, OH
Project Officer: John McKernan
Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
United States Environmental Protection Agency
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Notice/Disclaimer Statement
This report is intended to inform the public, Remedial Project Managers, On-Scene Coordinators, and
Superfund and Technology Liaisons of progress at the Engineering Technical Support Center (ETSC)
involved sites, cutting-edge remedial technologies, and ETSC operations.
This document received Office of Research and Development (ORD) internal peer review preceding the
institutional clearance process.
Disclaimer: Mention of company trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and are provided as general information only.
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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Abstract
The Engineering Technical Support Center (ETSC) was created in 1987 as one of several technical
support centers in the Technical Support Project to provide engineering expertise to United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) Program Offices and remediation teams working at
contaminated sites across the United States. The ETSC is operated within the Office of Research and
Development's Land and Materials Management Division (LMMD) of the National Risk Management
Research Laboratory (NRMRL) in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The ETSC's mission is to provide site-specific scientific and engineering technical support to Remedial
Project Managers, On-Scene Coordinators, and other remediation personnel at contaminated sites.
ETSC's mission allows the responsible local, regional, or national authorities to work more quickly,
efficiently, and cost effectively, while also increasing the technical experience of the remediation team.
Since its inception, the ETSC has supported countless projects across all EPA Regions in almost all 50
states and U.S. territories.
This report highlights significant projects that the ETSC supported in fiscal year 2016 (FY16). These
projects have addressed an array of environmental scenarios, including, but not limited to remote mining
contamination, expansive landfill waste, cumulative impacts from multiple contamination sources, and
persistent threats from abandoned industrial sites. A major component of affecting meaningful
remediation lies in constructing and testing new, innovative treatment technologies through pilot and field
research. The ETSC conducts such pilot and field research. For example, ETSC teams spearhead field
projects that are at the cutting edge of remediation research in the areas of bioremediation and ground
water treatment, active sediment capping, in-situ stabilization, and sustainable site cleanup. The ETSC
organizes and reports on significant developments in environmental engineering in the form of
Engineering Issue Papers and peer-reviewed journal publications. The ETSC has also taken on a selection
of newer initiatives that focus on integrating sustainability into communities and land use plans. While
ETSC's principal mission of bolstering technical expertise for site-specific remediation at contaminated
sites remains a central focus, ETSC teams are reaching out to support other efforts in pollution
prevention, thereby reducing the Agency's burden from legacy sites in the future. NRMRL/LMMD and
the ETSC have continually evolved to meet the demand, as well as scientific and engineering needs, of
the EPA Program Offices and Regional clients. In FY16, ETSC responded to approximately 251
technical support requests from over 150 sites in all 10 EPA Regions. This technical support directly
affected 41 states and territories, with CA, MT, NJ, NY and PR containing 35% of the sites supported.
Eighty-three percent of the Superfund site technical support requests were National Priority List (NPL)
sites.
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Foreword
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the nation's
land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to
formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability
of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research program is providing
data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building a science knowledge
base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health,
and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) within the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) is the Agency's center for investigation of technological and management
approaches for preventing and reducing risks from pollution that threatens human health and the
environment. The focus of NRMRL's research program is on methods and their cost effectiveness for
prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water
quality in public water systems; remediation of contaminated sites, sediments and ground water;
prevention and control of indoor air pollution; and restoration of ecosystems. NRMRL collaborates with
both public and private-sector partners to foster technologies that reduce the cost of compliance and to
anticipate emerging problems. NRMRL's research provides solutions to environmental problems by
developing and promoting technologies that protect and improve the environment; advancing scientific
and engineering information to support regulatory and policy decisions; and providing the technical
support and information transfer to ensure implementation of environmental regulations and strategies at
the national, state, and community levels.
This report highlights the happenings and accomplishments of the Engineering Technical Support Center
in fiscal year 2016.
Cynthia Sonich-Mullin, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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Acknowledgements
The Engineering Technical Support Center (ETSC) staff would like to acknowledge the contributions
from Office of Research and Development scientists for their efforts in support of ETSC's mission. We
extend thanks to our numerous clients in the Office of Science Policy, Office of Land and Emergency
Management, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, the EPA Regions, the
Superfund and Technology Liaisons, On-Scene Coordinators, and their management for their patronage
and financial support. We also recognize the exemplary support provided by our contractors, Battelle
Memorial Institute and RTI International, this year. We extend our recognition to Universities, Regions,
state and local partners as well. Finally, we thank those that provide document reviews, respond to
technical request phone calls, and provide all other manner of assistance to keep the Center operational
and relevant.
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Receiving Technical Support for Contaminated Sites 2
3 Engineering Issue Papers 3
4 International Endeavors 3
5 Selected Fiscal Year 2016 Technical Support Projects 4
5.1 ETSC Impacts at Mining Sites 4
5.1.1 Tri-State Mining District (Region 7) 4
5.1.2 Bunker Hill Mining & Metallurgical Complex (Region 10) 6
5.1.3 Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area (Region 8) 7
5.2 ETSC Impacts at Materials Management Sites 8
5.2.1 West Lake Landfill (Region 7) 8
5.2.2 American Cyanamid Co. (Region 2) 9
5.2.3 Allied Paper, Inc. / Portage Creek / Kalamazoo River (Region 5) 10
5.2.4 Goose Farm (Region 2) 11
5.3 Sustainability in the Community 11
5.3.1 GCL Tie and Treating Inc. (Region 2) 11
5.3.2 Omaha Lead (Region 7) 12
5.4 ETSC Impact at PFC Contaminated Sites 13
5.4.1 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics (Region 2) 13
5.4.2 Elmendorf Air Force Base (Region 10) 14
6 Additional Reports and Publications Prepared in FY16 14
7 National and Global Impacts of the ETSC 16
8 Summary 17
9 References 19
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016 v
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Engineering Technical Support Request Flow Chart 2
Figure 2. A large chat pile in the Tri-State Mining District 5
Figure 3. TSMD Monitoring Locations 5
Figure 4. Bunker Hill Project Boundary Map 6
Figure 5. Berkeley Pit 7
Figure 6. West Lake Landfill Site Map 8
Figure 7. Location of the American Cyanamid Co. site in New Jersey 9
Figure 8. Location of the Allied Paper Inc. / Portage Creek / Kalamazoo River Site in Michigan 10
Figure 9. GCL 2016 Site Investigation Map 12
Figure 10. ASARCO Smelter Omaha, Nebraska 12
Figure 11. Elmendorf Air Force Base 14
Figure 12. Location of sites where ETSC provided assistance in fiscal year 2016 16
Figure 13. ETSC technical support requests by project category (a) and Region (b) in FY16 17
Figure 14. The technologies most used to address technical support requests in fiscal year 2016
and the COCs the technical support requests considered 17
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List of Acronyms
BMF Butte Mine Flooding
COC Contaminants of concern
DASEES Decision Analysis for a Sustainable Environment, Economy & Society
DEQ Department of Environmental Quality
EIP Engineering Issue Paper
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERASC Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center
ET Evapotranspiration
ETSC Engineering Technology Support Center
EVOH Ethyl vinyl alcohol
FOIA Freedom of Information Act
FY Fiscal year
GWTSC Ground Water Technical Support Center
LMMD Land and Materials Management Division
MIW Mining Influenced Water
MOST Ministry of Science and Technology
NAPL nonaqueous phase liquid
NERL National Exposure Research Laboratory
NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
NPL National Priorities List
NRMRL National Risk Management Research Laboratory
OITA Office of International and Tribal Affairs
ORD Office of Research and Development
OSC On-Scene Coordinator
OU Operable unit
PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl
PFC Perfluorocarbon
PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid
QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan
ROD Record of decision
RPM Remedial Project Manager
SCMTSC Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center
SSR subsurface smoldering reaction
STARS Site Technical Assistance Reporting System
STL Superfund and Technology Liaisons
STSC Superfund Health Risk Assessment Technical Support Center
SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool
TSC Technical Support Center
TSMD Tri-State Mining District
TSP Technical Support Project
VOC volatile organic compound
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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1 Introduction
The Engineering Technical Support Center (ETSC) is operated by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA or Agency) Office of Research and Development's (ORD) National Risk Management
Research Laboratory (NRMRL), Land and Materials Management Division (LMMD) in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Created in 1987, ETSC is part of the Technical Support Project (TSP), a partnership between ORD and
the Office of Land and Emergency Management (formerly the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response). The TSP consists of a network of Regional Forums, the Environmental Response Team, and
specialized Technical Support Centers (TSCs). The Centers and Forums have evolved over time as the
Agency's needs have changed. There are currently five active TSCs in the TSP:
ETSC in Cincinnati, Ohio
Ground Water Technical Support Center (GWTSC) in Ada, Oklahoma
Site Characterization and Monitoring Technical Support Center (SCMTSC) in Atlanta, Georgia
Superfund Health Risk Assessment Technical Support Center (STSC) in Cincinnati, Ohio
Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center (ERASC) in Cincinnati, Ohio
Each TSC has a specific focus of expertise and is staffed with engineers and scientists that are eager to
assist on the most difficult matters that are encountered at contaminated sites. ETSC's mission is to
provide scientific and engineering knowledge and expertise in remediation and technology for soil,
surface waters, sediment, and mine-related contamination issues to Program Office and Regional clients
for risk-management decisions. The ETSC provides site-specific assistance, technical support, and
targeted research for EPA Regions and Program Offices. The Center networks with EPA programs and
other federal agencies to deliver the latest methods, approaches, and technologies needed to characterize,
remediate, and manage risk at contaminated sites. Some examples of impacts across Regions include:
developing, evaluating, and demonstrating bioremediation and ground water treatment technologies;
evaluating capping and beneficial waste reuse technologies; providing engineering review and design
assistance; recommending proven, viable technologies; conducting focused research on the sustainability
of selected site remedies; and providing on-call technical assistance. In the past several years, ETSC staff
have assisted in five-year Superfund site reviews and technology optimization studies, and have
completed applied research projects that support site-specific and more broadly applicable research for
Program Office and Regional technical assistance requests.
The ETSC is primarily staffed with scientists and engineers from ORD/NRMRL/LMMD. Additional
assistance is provided by other ORD laboratory or division personnel, regional personnel, and external
contractors and consultants. In fiscal year 2016 (FY16), ETSC responded to approximately 251 technical
support requests received from over 150 sites in all 10 EPA Regions. This technical support directly
affected 41 states and territories, with CA, MT, NJ, NY and PR containing 35% of the sites supported.
Eighty-three percent of the Superfund site technical support requests were National Priority List (NPL)
sites.
This report provides an overview of how the ETSC carries out technical support, a small selection of its
written outputs, a select list of high impact technical support projects, and a visual breakdown of technical
support provided in FY16.
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2 Receiving Technical Support for Contaminated Sites
Technical support requests are typically addressed via the process presented in Figure 1. The process
typically begins with a problem encountered at a contaminated site. A Remedial Project Manager (RPM),
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC), or other decision maker associated with the contaminated site contacts
ETSC through their Regional ORD liaison, or will directly contact the ETSC Director. The request is
logged in the ETSC Site Technical Assistance Reporting System (STARS) database andanEPA subject
matter expert is consulted simultaneously. Once an EPA expert is identified, the request is then serviced
by that individual through three general channels of action: research, new technology, or knowledge gap
identification. Once the appropriate contaminated site need is determined, the subject matter expert
undertakes the appropriate actions as indicated in the flow chart to address the contaminated site's needs.
The subject matter expert develops the deliverables related to the request, which are sent to the client and
the ETSC Director when completed. If the request is of a sensitive nature, needs peer review, or requires a
policy review by the Agency, the ETSC Director receives the product for review before deliver)' to the
client. The feedback arrows between the RPM, OSC, and Superfund and Technology Liaisons (STL) and
the ETSC Director signify the timeliness and quality of the technical assistance to help the Center
evaluate and provide better service to its clients.
RPM, osc. su
Identifies a
Contaminated Site
Issue
ETSC Director
Remediation Expert
Contaminated Site
Need Determined
Research
New Technology
Contract Vehicle
EPA Internal
tPA Internal
Contract Vehicle
Lack of Technology or Gap in
Knowledge
Engineering Issue
Paper
Technology
Assessment On-Sile or
in Laboratory
Technology
Assessment On-Site or
in Laboratory
Figure 1. Engineering Technical Support Request Flow Chart
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In FY14, ETSC began piloting the TSCs SharePoint site to log in, assign, and track technical support
requests for ETSC, GWTSC, and SCMTSC. The pilot period was designed as a tiered process. Initially,
technical support requests from the STARS database in past FY, were imported into SharePoint.
Secondly, a form was made available to RPMs, OSCs and STLs to submit requests to the SharePoint site.
After the form was submitted to the SharePoint site, the process for addressing the request followed a
similar process to that shown in Figure 1. The TSC SharePoint site pilot continued through FY16. At the
end of FY16, the SharePoint technical support site was evaluated and reviewed for efficacy, and
continued in pilot form.
3 Engineering Issue Papers
Engineering Issue Papers (EIPs) are prepared when knowledge gaps on a technical subject are identified.
EIPs provide a state-of-the-science review of technologies available for contaminated site cleanup. ETSC
conducts an extensive literature review on the current understanding of the theory, design, and
implementation of various remedial or treatment technologies that forms the basis of the EIPs. Leading
engineers and scientists inside the Agency, federal government community, academia, or the contracting
community may also be consulted for input. Once finalized, EIPs are used to support Program Office,
RPM, OSC, or Regional decisions.
Two EIPs were initiated in FY16. These are of particular relevance to technical support requests
addressed in the past fiscal year and are on:
Soil vapor extraction and vapor intrusion
Bioremediation techniques for dioxin
4 International Endeavors
ETSC provided technical assistance to three countries in FY16: China, Vietnam, and Romania.
For the China Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), EPA and Chinese officials are working on a
collaborative effort to identify environmental issues in both countries to solve in parallel. Six projects are
ongoing under this effort and one is a collaboration with the ETSC that will provide additional
information on metal uptake and bioavailability in sediment and soil.
In Vietnam, issues of pesticide and dioxin contamination have been encountered at historic U.S. military
installations in the country. In FY14, ETSC collaborated with the Joint Advisory Committee for Vietnam,
U.S. State Department, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, and internal EPA entities, including ORD/National Exposure Research Laboratory
(NERL) and the EPA Office of International and Tribal Affairs (OITA) to provide input on evaluating
and selecting the best remedial solutions for these military sites. In FY16, ETSC continued collaborating
with these entities to help evaluate remedial solutions and provided OITA with presentations and
documents.
In Romania, ETSC has been collaborating with faculty at Babes-Bolyai University, the Romanian
Environmental Health Center, and the Romanian government on metals contamination in mining
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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communities and its impacts on soil, water, and indoor dust to build analytical capabilities in their
country, and discuss options for large-scale decontamination and cleanup.
5 Selected Fiscal Year 2016 Technical Support Projects
In FY 16, the ETSC received 251 technical support requests from over 150 contaminated sites across the
United States. With so many requests, only a few can be highlighted in this report. The projects and
technical support requests presented here are organized by three types of work involved: mining, landfill
remediation, and materials management. Each site highlighted includes the Region in which the request
originated, a summary of the site, and a brief description of ETSC's contribution to the technical support
request.
5.1 ETSC Impacts at Mining Sites
5.1.1 Tri-State Mining District (Region 7)
The Tri-State Mining District (TSMD) consists of several distinct sites covering 1.6 million acres (2,500
square miles) within Kansas (Cherokee and Spring counties), Missouri (Barry, Christian, Greene,
Lawrence, Jasper, and Newton counties), and Oklahoma (Tar Creek site) as shown in Figure 2.
Operations in the TSMD included a lead smelter in Galena, Kansas; a zinc smelter in Henryetta,
Oklahoma; and a central mill in Picher, Oklahoma. Processing activities began in the area in the 1850s
and from the early 1900s to the 1970s, the northeastern region of Oklahoma was also extensively mined
for lead and zinc ore (U.S. DOI NRDAR Program, 2016; Isabella Indian Reservation, no date). These
mining, milling, and smelting activities generated large quantities of mining and milling wastes (referred
to in the Region as 'chat') that were disposed of in above-ground piles, or in flotation or tailing ponds.
Some of the chat piles are up to 200 feet tall and cover several acres. Figure 2 provides an example of a
large chat pile at TSMD. Metals (lead, cadmium, zinc) and acid mine drainage have contaminated soils,
surface water, ground water, and biota in the 2,500-square mile site. Two major rivers, the Spring River
and Neosho River, and their watersheds combine to form the Grand River, which drains the entire TSMD
into Empire Lake and the Grand Lake O' the Cherokees. The releases from the mine waste tailings, and
acid mine drainage, are a source of human, ecological, and environmental exposure that have impacted
the natural resources of eight separate Indian and Tribal allotted resources, including federally listed
threatened and endangered species, migratory birds, fish, and other treaty protected biota (U.S. DOI
NRDAR Program, 2016).
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The Oklahoma region of TSMD is the Tar Creek
Superfund Site, which was added to the National
Priorities List (NPL) in 1983 because of surface and
ground water contamination (Oklahoma Department
of Environmental Quality [DEQ] DEQ, 2016).
Activities during the 1980s and 1990s focused on
surface water remediation of Tar Creek. In 2000, the
governor of Oklahoma commissioned a study to
develop a comprehensive remediation plan for the
area, and in 2002 the Oklahoma DEQ issued fish
consumption advisories after studying metals Figure 2. A large chat pile in the Tri-State
. ,, Mining District
concentrations m fish from waters impacted by asabella focHan Resen,ation, no date)
TSMD (Oklahoma DEQ, 2016). In 2005, the State of
Oklahoma began cleanup, and restored 329 acres of land for reuse. A year later, the state passed
legislation allowing the voluntary buyout of homes with children in highly impacted areas. ETSC
provided support to Operable Unit (OU) 5 where EPA Regions 6 and 7 are collaborating to characterize
suspended sediment loads and surface water throughout the Spring and Neosho River basins. ETSC
provided technical support for an engineering review of remedial design documents focusing on stream
remediation in Cherokee County; compiled information to produce a watershed model of surface flow and
metal and sediment transport; and designed and calibrated a watershed model to simulate hydrologic
response, sediment transport, and deposition rates into Empire Lake. (Niazi and Hantush, 2015).
(V) Monitoring Site
D Mine Waste
(pre-remediation)
~ ETSC Watershed
Modeling
~ R6 Monitoring Site
Watersheds
^ Empire Lake
&FPA 0RD
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Figure 3. TSMD Monitoring Locations
(U. S. EPA, LMMD, 2016)
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ETSC provided technical support on watershed modeling, water quality monitoring, and laboratory
analysis to TSMD stakeholders. The watershed modeling focused on simulating historic and current daily
sediment transport and hydrologic conditions as well as scenario testing for the future. Modeling was
conducted to accurately simulate how much sediment, and sediment bound zinc and cadmium, were being
transported from the district's watershed to Empire Lake. ETSC also conducted, in conjunction with the
United States Geological Survey (USGS), bi-weekly water sampling at 15 locations. Water samples were
tested at EPA facilities for 27 metals/metalloids, including zinc, lead, and cadmium. Laboratory data were
incorporated into the watershed modeling to help identify high-risk areas in the watershed prone to heavy
erosion near tributaries with high levels of zinc and cadmium. ETSC is currently identifying watershed
and tributaries where remediation efforts would have the greatest impact on improving sediment and
water quality at Empire Lake and upstream tributaries.
5.1.2 Bunker Hill Mining & Metallurgical Complex (Region 10)
The Bunker Hill Mining & Metallurgical Complex Superfund site, also known as the Coeur d'Alene
Basin Cleanup, is located in northern Idaho, extending from the Idaho/Montana border into eastern
Washington (Bunker ITill Mining and Metallurgical). This Superfund site covers one of the world's
largest historical mining districts, and mining operations in the area continue today. The site was added
to the NPL in 1983. The primary contaminants of concern at this site are lead, cadmium, zinc, and
arsenic.
large areas of federal and state land; developed land uses include residential/urban, recreational,
agricultural, and light industrial. A wide range of habitat is present in the basin including upland,
agricultural, riverine, wetlands and flood plains, as well as natural and man-made lakes.
Human populations are primarily centered in the Upper Basin towns, and the cities of Coeur d'Alene,
Post Falls, and Spokane. Approximately 11,000 people live in the upper and lower Coeur d'Alene Basin
east of Harrison. The Basin is the ancestral home of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe. Spokane Tribal lands are
present along the Lower Spokane River in Washington.
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The area affected by the historic mining
activities is very large and includes nearly 170
river miles in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin.
Impacted areas include the river's main stem
and south fork, tributaries, lateral lakes area,
Coeur d'Alene Lake and the Spokane River.
The primary sources of contamination are
Figure 4. Bunker Hill Project Boundary Map
(Lynch & Adams, U.S. EPA, 2016.)
y located upstream in erosional areas.
Secondary sources are present in the beds,
banks and flood plains of the river system.
The impacted media include soil/sediment,
surface water, and groundwater.
Most of the site is undeveloped and includes
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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The Bunker Hill site is just one example of a site where mining related activities throughout the U.S. have
left behind large areas of heavy and trace metals contaminated soils/sediments. The size, volume, current
land use, and wildlife habitats make removal of the contamination an impracticable option. The ETSC is
assisting Region 10 to address the technical challenges with developing a comprehensive and sustainable
site management plan for the Lower Basin that will protect human and ecological health.
The ETSC provided the following technical support activities in 2016:
1. Support on evaluating remedial options for contaminated sediment focusing on the use of amendment
technologies to reduce exposure to lead.
2. Evaluation of existing ecosystem services and recommendations on how consideration of these
services can be incorporated into the Superfund decision making process.
3. Support in developing and implementing Decision Analysis for a Sustainable Environment, Economy
& Society (DASEES) for the site. DASEES is being evaluated as a potential tool that could help the
Superfund team to objectively sort through complex environmental issues using common sense
decision making principles.
5.1.3 Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area (Region 8)
The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund site is 26-mile-
long site that travels along the Clark Fork River Basin through
Butte Montana and includes some of the surrounding rural areas.
The site also includes the Berkeley Pit (Figure 5), the historic
Butte Mining District, and treatment/settling lagoons at the
Warm Spring Ponds. The site contamination is primarily
attributed to the historic mining sites located in the area which
contaminated soil and water with arsenic and heavy metals (U.S.
EPA Region 8).
The EPA began work on the site in 1988 with the primary
objective being to clean up areas posing immediate human
health and environmental risks. The EPA developed a Record of Decision (ROD) in 1995 to prioritize
addressing storm water contributions to Silver Bow Creek and select areas in the city of Butte. Several
cleanup actions have been completed for this site including treatment of residential areas, removal of soil
and tailing, capping of a waste dump, and creating cement channels and sedimentation ponds to address
storm water (SILVER BOW CREEK/BUTTE AREA).
The support provided by the ETSC in 2016 focused on the Butte Mine Flooding Operable Unit (BMF
OU). This area contains the Berkeley Pit. The major support request was providing technical review of
the Remedial Action Adequacy Review for the Horseshoe Bend Water Treatment Plant for capability of
treating the Mining Influenced Water (MIW) from the Berkeley Pit and discharging it to Silver Bow
Creek. A technical review was also provided for consideration of a new bioremediation technology that
could be applied to Berkeley Pit, which could potentially extract rare earth elements from the water to be
marketed. Assistance creating a remote sampling system for the Berkeley Pit was also provided where
normal sampling methods have proven hazardous given the toxicity of the water in the pit.
Figure 5. Berkeley Pit
(Pitwatch.org, 2015)
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5.2 ETSC Impacts at Materials Management Sites
5.2.1 West Lake Landfill (Region 7)
The West Lake Landfill Superfund site is located in Bridgeton, Missouri (Figure 6). The site consists of
several inactive landfill units and covers approximately 200 acres. The area was originally developed as a
limestone quarry, which opened in 1939. The pits, created from the quarry operation, were used to
dispose of municipal waste beginning in the 1950s. In 1973, radioactive leached barium sulfate from the
Manhattan Project was mixed with soil and illegally placed into the landfill, as clean fill. The site was
added to the NPL in 1990. The site has since been divided into three OUs consisting of the radiologically-
impacted material (OU-1), the non-radiological impacted material (OU-2), and the groundwater (OU-3)
(EPA in Missouri).
The EPA has conducted multiple investigations on the site since its addition to the NPL list, including
recent site characterization to refine previous estimates
regarding the extent of the radioactive material on the site.
The EPA issued a ROD in 2008 to install a protective cap
over the landfill to prevent exposures. This ROD was
reevaluated by the Agency in 2010 and additional site
characterization and removal actions were conducted.
Additionally, the EPA performed an air monitoring study
from 2014 to 2015 in the areas surrounding the site, and a
pyrolysis study to better understand potential drivers for
radon emanation at the site. A subsurface smoldering
reaction (SSR) is occurring in the non-radioactive portion of
the site of OU-2, which has received a lot of media attention
(West Lake Landfill Contamination).
West Lake Landfill is a high priority for the Agency and one
of the most extensively supported Superfund sites by the
ETSC. The ETSC provides resources to review documents
and summarize critical data sets and routinely create
monthly and annual monitoring and analysis reports of various landfill data. ETSC staff have recently
authored an Engineering Issue Paper (EIP) for this challenging project. Resources were also provided to
support the creation of a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), review the EVOH Cover Work Plan,
and support Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to further support this project.
Continued ETSC support is anticipated on this complex project to: continue to monitor data sets and
better understand the real and potential effects of a subsurface oxidation or "landfill fire" occurring in
OU-2; review various fire and heat suppressant technologies including inert gas injection and fire break
technologies; and to provide laboratory equipment and scientists to further support better science for the
site going forward. An ETSC scientist has recently submitted a proposal to multiple EPA Regions to
simulate subsurface conditions in a landfill using lysimeters to create and study a controlled subsurface
reaction (EPA in Missouri).
m.
Figure 6. West Lake Landfill Site Map
(U.S. EPA, 2017)
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American Cyanamid Co. (Region 2)
The 435-acre American Cyanamid Superfund
site is in an industrial/commercial area of
Bridgewater Township, New Jersey (see
Figure 7). EPA added the site to the NFL in
1983. Over its nearly 100-year history, the
site was home to the manufacturing of rubber,
rubber chemicals, dyes, pigments, fungicides,
petroleum-based products, and
pharmaceuticals (New Jersey DEQ, 2011).
All manufacturing stopped at the site in 1999.
Over time, the soil became contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cyanide,
poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
metals, while the shallow and deep ground Fjgure 7 Location of ^ American Cyanamid Co. site in
water aquifers became contaminated with New Jersey
metals and VOCs. Four hazardous waste (u s EPA> 2014b)
lagoons and 16 surface storage
impoundments containing tars, wastewater sludge, iron oxide and general plant debris were on-site when
remedial activities began in the early 1980s. A 140-acre parcel of the site was remediated and eventually
approved for redevelopment in 1998 for the Bridgewater Promenade retail center, the Somerset Patriots
TD Bank Ballpark, and a New Jersey Transit parking lot. Wyeth Holdings, a subsidiary of Pfizer
Corporation acquired the site in 2009 and assumed responsibility for remediating the remaining 435 acres.
Six impoundments and two of the lagoons have been remediated by dewatering and solidifying the waste
materials, which were then placed in an on-site, state-of-the-art Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) Subtitle C facility (New Jersey DEQ, 2011). As of 2011, remediation of two other
impoundments (#15 and #16) began. Remediation involves recycling the nonhazardous iron oxides and
consolidating and capping the remaining waste materials on site. Permanent remedies for impoundments
1 and 2, which contain acid tar sludge, are being evaluated separately due to the highly complex nature
and proximity to the Raritan River (U.S. EPA, 2016b). Final remedies to address the remaining six
impoundments (numbers 3,4, 5, 13,17, and 24) are being selected.
The main support supplied by the ETSC to the site in FY16 revolved around evaluating an optimal
treatment system for the site. The treatment technologies that were evaluated were mechanical
dewatering and thermally enhanced in-situ solidification. The ETSC provided assistance identifying
response actions, developing an evaluation protocol for each technology, and interpreting data obtained
from each method. The technologies were tested on a pilot scale for a nine-month period in FY16. The
ETSC members involved in this project received a Bronze medal for the successful implementation of
these pilot-scale studies. The work done for this site will lead towards the development and
implementation of a full-scale system to treat the waste and contamination on the site. This is a major
step towards the total remediation of this Superfund site.
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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5.2.2 Allied Paper, Inc. / Portage Creek / Kalamazoo River (Region 5)
The Allied Paper Inc. / Portage Creek /
Kalamazoo River Superfund site covers
portions of three counties in southwestern
Michigan (see Figure 8). The site includes
five disposal areas, six paper mill
properties, an 80-mile stretch of the
Kalamazoo River (a tributary of Lake
Michigan) and a 3-mile stretch of Portage
Creek (a tributary of the Kalamazoo
River). Various paper manufacturing and
disposal operations were conducted at the
site until all paper manufacturing
operations ceased in the early 1980s. The
primary contaminants of concern are
PCBs, resulting from accidental
introduction of carbonless copy paper in
the recycled paper stream. Carbonless copy
paper waste was mixed into the residuals
during the paper recycling process. The residuals from this process consisted of chlorinated waste
(including the carbonless copy paper), clay, and wood/paper pulp. These residuals were fluidized,
pumped and dewatered in large on-site retention cells on the Allied property.
Cleanup started upstream on the Kalamazoo River with the removal of PCB sources. The focus of the
cleanup effort is currently on three OUs: Allied Paper Landfill, Plainwell Paper Mill, and Kalamazoo
River as identified in Figure 8. For the Allied Paper Landfill, EPA plans to consolidate the PCB-
contaminated material on-site, cap this material and other contaminants, and install a ground water
monitoring network. Eventually, the city of Kalamazoo hopes to retain a portion of the site for future
reuse and redevelopment. For the Kalamazoo River area, the approved cleanup activities will include
removing the PCB-contaminated sediment from five areas within the river and the Crown Vantage side
channel, excavating and capping 7 acres of soil within the former Plainwell Impoundment, and
conducting long-term monitoring and implementing land-use controls. For the Plainwell Mill area, EPA
has approved the removal of contaminated soil and rep la cement with clean soil (U.S. EPA, 2016c).
The support provided by the ETSC in FY16 involved the review of a vendor's technology to determine if
it could be used for the site. The vendor approached Region 5 with a bioremediation technology that was
claimed to remediate PCBs. ETSC staff members thoroughly analyzed the technology data provided by
the vendor and compared it with contamination data from the site. ETSC members also attended
meetings with the vendor and Region 5 to obtain a complete understanding of the situation. Ultimately
the ETSC was able to provide a recommendation to Region 5 about using the vendor's technology. The
support team that worked on this project was nominated for a national Superfund award.
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Kalamazoo River Site in Michigan
(U.S. EPA, 2016c)
ET SC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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5.2.3 Goose Farm (Region 2)
The Goose Farm site is an EPA Super fund site that was a historic 6.6-acre hazardous waste disposal area
that operated from the 1940s to the 1970s. Most of the wastes dumped on the site were in a dug pit. The
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection found that a contaminant groundwater plume
generated from the site had migrated off the site towards a nearby stream. The contaminants included
VOCs, semivolatile organic compounds, and PCBs.
The EPA began work on the site in 1985. A groundwater treatment system was designed for the site and
started up in 1993. The groundwater treatment system remains in operation today and has treated over
400 million gallons of water. The EPA has also evaluated the option to cap some of the areas on the site.
Currently, the groundwater treatment system has the groundwater contamination under control which has
minimized the risk for human exposure.
The main support provided by the ETSC in FY16 was the technical review of an in-situ chemical
oxidation treatment study. A new in-situ treatment technology was being investigated on the pilot scale
for the site and the ETSC provided a review of the report generated from the investigation. Successful
implementation of this new technology could lead to improvement of the site groundwater treatment
process.
5.3 Sustainability in the Community
5.3.1 GCLTie and Treating Inc. (Region 2)
The GCL Tie and Treating site is an EPA Superfund site covering 30 acres of industrial land in New
York. The GCL Tie and Treating facility was a sawmill and wood treating facility that operated on the
site. A light manufacturing company also operated on the site. The site first gained attention in 1986
when a creosote tank spilled releasing 30,000 gallons of creosote. The contaminated soil was excavated
by GCL. Despite cleanup, the site was still found to have significant amounts of nonaqueous phase liquid
(NAPL) present in the soil and groundwater. The site is an area of concern due to its close proximity to
other industrial, residential, and commercial areas (GCL, TIE AND TREATING INC).
The EPA began working on the site in 1991. The EPA divided the site into two OUs. OU 1 consisted of
the soils on the GCL portion of the site. OU 2 consisted of the remaining soils and groundwater on the
site. The soils in OU 1 were treated by excavation and low temperature thermal desorption. The main
concern for OU 2 was the contamination of groundwater with organics from the NAPL on site. The
groundwater was treated by a water treatment plant constructed on the site and specifically designed to
treat the site groundwater. This treatment plant was constructed in 2004 and remains in operation today
(GCL TIE AND TREATING INC).
The main focus for the site in FY16 was the completion of a site evaluation to determine the nature and
extent of NAPL contamination on the site. The ETSC assisted by providing funding for Battelle
contractors to lead the project. The activities performed during this investigation included the tapping of
four boreholes into the bedrock on the site to set up open hole monitoring wells, the geophysical analysis
of bedrock on the site, and the instillation of groundwater monitoring wells in areas suspected to contain
NAPL (Figure 9). The investigation was completed and a final report was drafted before the end of
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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FY16. This investigation has led to a better understanding of the NAPL plume on the site, and sheds
some light on possible options that could be used to further remediate the site in the future.
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had improved for individuals living near the ASARCO facility. The study was extensive in scope and
with the amount of data collected. Data collection for this study goes back to 1995 for some of the
analysis. The ETSC has helped analyze and interpret some of the data from this study. The study is
currently in its final stages with data collection complete and the report in the drafting process.
5.4 ETSC Impact at PFC Contaminated Sites
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) have been a major topic of discussion within the ETSC in FY 2016.
PFCs are a large group of chemical compounds that are used on everyday products. PFCs can be found in
cookware, furniture, clothing, and firefighting material. The problem with PFCs is they are persistent in
the environment and in the human body. These compounds have only recently been investigated for
impact on human health, so the exact health effects aren't completely understood. Testing in animals has
shown correlations to carcinogenicity and toxicity. The EPA created new drinking water standards for
water supplies containing PFCs. It was found that several water supplies across the U.S. didn't meet
these new standards. These sites require the treatment of the drinking water for PFCs. PFC remediation
has been a major focus of the EPA in 2016, and the ETSC was extensively involved in investigating
remediation techniques for this contaminant. The following sites highlight assistance the ETSC provided
relating to PFCs (NIK).
5.4.1 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics (Region 2)
The Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics site is a proposed NPL site located in Hoosick Falls, New York.
The site first gained attention in early 2016 when detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found
in the drinking water of Hoosick Falls above the provisional EPA health advisory level. The Saint-
Gobain Performance Plastics facility in the area was determined as the source of the contamination. It
was decided that NPL listing for the site would be the best way to receive funding to resolve the
contamination issue fU.S. EPA OLEM/OSRTP.
ETSC support provided to the site in FY16 focused on the remediation of PFCs from the public drinking
water. The support included assistance developing a Region 2 Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE)
proposals for remediating PFCs. Assistance was also provided in identifying immediate treatment
options to develop a water treatment system for PFOA. All of these actions helped Region 2 get closer to
finding a solution for treating the PFOA and providing the city of Hoosick Falls with clean drinking
water.
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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5.4.2 Elmendorf Air Force Base (Region 10)
The Elmendorf Air Force Base site is part of an operational U.S. Air Force Military Base in Anchorage
Alaska (Figure 11). The 13,000-acre base began operations in the 1940s and generated wastes from
industrial and air transport related operations. The operations at the site over the past 70 years have
contaminated the soils and groundwater. The site was added to the NPL in 1990 and was divided into six
different areas or OUs.
The EPA has helped clean up the site considerably since its admission
to the NPL. Contaminated soil and debris have been removed from
the site. Monitoring and the implementation of land use controls have
been successful at determining the source and extent of current
pollution at the site. A high vacuum extraction system and bioventing
were successfully implemented at the site to help with the remediation
efforts. The site is currently being monitored and is subject to five
year reviews to assess the status of the site and the effectiveness of the
remediation systems (Elmendorf Air Force Base).
The focus of ETSC support to this site in FY16 was in addressing PFC contamination at the site. PFCs
have recently been identified as potentially carcinogenic and hazardous to human health and have been
topic of discussion in the EPA in FY 16. PFCs were identified on the site and assistance was needed to
evaluate the extent of contamination. An ETSC member was able to help the site develop an analytical
strategy for PFOS/PFOA evaluation for the site and travelled to travel to the site to assist with the
process. This will help the Region understand the extent of PFC contamination at the site and help with
the development of a plan of action to treat the PFCs.
6 Additional Reports and Publications Prepared in FY16
Much of the important work done by the ETSC ends up in published journals and EPA documents. The
following is a list of documents published by ETSC staff in FY16.
Peer reviewed publications and reports in FY 2016 are provided (in alphabetical order) below:
McKernan JL, Powell J, Jain P, et al. "Analysis of Temperature, Gas Quality, and Settlement
Trends at The Bridgeton Sanitary Landfill in 2014" U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/X-
15/295.
Powell, Jon "Analysis of Temperature, Gas Quality, and Settlement Trends at the Bridgeton
Sanitary Landfill in 2015" EPA/600/X-16/298.
Pinto, P.X., Al-Abed, S.R., Holder, C.D. et al. "Assessing the Impact of Overburden Materials
Selection from an Appalachian Region Coal Mine in Mine Water Quality Using a Standard
Columns Leaching Test" Mine Water Environ (2017). doi: 10.1007/s 10230-017-0462-4.
Bronstein, Katherine "Engineering Technical Support Center Annual Report Fiscal Year 2015"
EPA/600/R-16/232.
Figure 11. Elmendorf Air Force Base
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Neamtiu IA, Al-Abed SR, McKernan JL, Baciu CL, Gurzau ES, Pogacean AO, Bessler SM.
"Metals Contamination in Environmental Media Around Romanian Mining Sites" Rev Environ
Health. 2017Mar l;32(l-2):215-220. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0033.
McKernan, John "Report: Suitability of Leak Detection Technology for Use in Ethanol-Blended
Fuel Service" EPA/600/R-15/254.Al-Abed, Souhail: "Soluble Metals Conversion in Sulfate
Reducing Bioreactors Fed with Mining Influenced Water Using Chitin Substrate" ORD-017448.
Grosse, Douglas "Quality Assurance Project Plan for Verification of Black Carbon Monitors"
EPA/600/R-16/032.
John McKernan "Quality Assurance Project Plan: Suitability of Leak Detection Technology for
Use in Ethanol-Blended Fuel Service" EPA/600/R-16/028.
Eckley, Chris: "Water-level Fluctuations Influence Sediment Porewater Chemistry and
Methylmercury Production in a Flood-control Reservoir" Applied Geochemistry, Volume 61,
October 2015, Pages 284-293.
Presentations and posters created in FY 2016 are provided (in alphabetical order) below:
Al-Abed, Souhail "Actionable Science for Communities: Tri-State Mining District Modeling,
Technical and Decision Support, SHC 3.61 Task 1" ORD-018837.
Acheson, Carolyn "Bioremediation - Region 5, March 2016" ORD-015997.
McKernan, John "Case Study Comparing Novel Remediation Technologies for Boron
Contaminated Groundwater" ORD-019390.
DiForte, Nicoletta "Management of Wood from Site Clearing and Storm Debris" ORD-018930.
McKernan, John "Novel Techniques for Characterization and Remediation of Gasses and Vapors
Associated with Vapor Intrusion" ORD-015476.
McKernan, John 'Novel Techniques for Characterization and Remediation of Gasses and Vapors
Associated with Vapor Intrusion - (CEECHE April 2016)" ORD-016096.
Al-Abed, Souhail "Novel Use of Nano Materials for Degradation of PCB" ORD-015856.
Lynch, Kira "ORD Technical Support and EPA Regions: Successful Partnerships in Cleaning Up
Communities" ORD-018841.
McKernan, John "Relationships Between Metals in Soil, Groundwater and Indoor Dust at Mining
Impacted Sites in Romania" ORD-015626.
McKernan, John "SHC Project 3.61.1 Poster Abstracts for 2016 BOSC review" ORD-018609.
Randall, Paul "SHC Project 3.63.1- Poster for 2016 BOSC Review" ORD-018866.
Dyson, Brian: "Spring River Watershed Monitoring and Modeling Update for the Tri-States
Mining District" ORD-015109.
Al-Abed, Souhail "Sustainable Technologies for Mine Influenced Water Treatment in Different
Water Chemistry" ORD-017675.
McKernan, John 'Technical Support for Contaminated Sites" ORD-018826.
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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7
National and Global Impacts of the ETSC
In FY16, ETSC received 251 technical support requests across all 10 Regions and at international sites
(Figure 12). The technical support requests vary great!}''. Approximately 37 percent of the technical
requests fulfilled were related to directly supporting remediation efforts through technology review,
remediation technology support, and feasibility studies. 35 percent of the technical support requests were
related to the collection and interpretation of data with sampling, modeling, and analytical support. The
remaining technical requests were related to either specific remediation technologies and EPA Regional
support with documentation and risk assessment, (see Figure 133). The figures illustrate the many
different roles and services the ETSC provides. Region 2 had the most individual support requests in
FY16, but Region 7 and Region 10 had sites that required the most involvement from the ETSC.
Word clouds presented in Figure 14 highlight the technologies (Figure 14a) that were used or
investigated in the technical support requests in FY 16 in addition to the contaminants of concern (COCs)
the technologies were intended to address (Figure 14b). The word cloud presented in Figure 14a allows
for a deeper dive into the technologies compared to Figure 13a. The technical support requests in FY16
most widely relied upon modeling, document reviews, and bioremediation technologies.
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Figure 122. Location of sites where ETSC provided assistance in fiscal year 2016
Map of
FY2016
Site
Requests
Site Location
Puerto Rico
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(a)
BR/BCR
EIP 5%
Analytical Support
15%
Capping Monitoring/Sampling Decision
6% Support/Reg
I Assistance
Landfill Design
Outreach
Meetings
Modeling
Technology Review
12%
Document Review
4%
Feasibility
Study/Remedy
Selection
Remedial g%
Technology
Support
16%
nternationa
Region 10
Region 2
Region l
7%
Region 9
Region 8
8%
Region /
Region 6
Region 3
..Region 4
Region 5 8%
12%
Figure 13. ETSC technical support requests by project category (a) and Region (b) in FY16
Figure Notes: BR/BCR = bioremediation/biochemical reactors; EIP = Engineering Issue Paper.
The category of Remedial Technology Support combines numerous technologies that each consist of less than 5 percent of the
total project requests (e.g., in-situ stabilization, soil vapor intrusion, soil vapor extraction).
^^z^Sampling Technclogies-~;.
sffimi&ln situ remediation ^
Solidifiioiion/S'tabilitatio^^^,
rf $<*J An*ivfn
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Design and implementation of evapotranspiration covers for landfills and Superfund sites
to assist in remediating VOCs and other compounds from soil
2) Development, field evaluation, and demonstration of ground water treatment technologies
Design, develop, and evaluate permeable reactive barrier technologies to slow or stop
ground water contaminants from escaping sites
Provide state-of-the-art spatiotemporal fate and transport ground water modeling to
evaluate existing systems or guide remedy selection
Provide ground water pump and treat system design and optimization
3) Conducting research to better understand complex phenomena
4) Completion of analyses or studies to determine potential for reuse of waste materials
5) Completion of engineering plan design reviews to ensure efficacy of selected site treatment or
remedy, and cost efficiency
Implement proven technologies when viable, including application of in situ
solidification, thermal desorption, and in situ chemical oxidation
6) Investigating clean-up methodologies for emerging contaminants.
Among the many benefits of the ETSC, the Center has:
Contributed to significant health benefits by assisting contaminated site decision makers in reducing
contaminant exposure.
Helped reduce environmental cleanup costs for the State and Federal agencies through the evaluation
of more efficient, lower cost cleanup alternatives, and
Served as a catalyst for innovation by providing technical expertise to Federal and State cleanup
programs, as well as International agencies.
Through its interdisciplinary background, ETSC staff bring creative thinking to life by applying
innovative engineering research in real-world scenarios. In addition to the promise they deliver, these
innovations have the potential to produce long-lasting dividends and ultimately safer and healthier
communities.
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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9 References
"Asarco Plant Site Remediation." Asarco Plant Site Remediation. HDR, Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2017.
://w~w~w\hdrmc.coni/portfolio/asarco~plant-site-reniediation.
Bessler, Scott and McKernan, John "Engineering Technical Support Center Annual Report Fiscal Year 2014" ORD-
018098.
Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Superfund Site (Coeur d'Alene Basin)
https://vosemite.epa.aov/rl0/cieani3p.nsf/sites/bh (accessed Feb 6, 2017).
"ELMENDORF AIR FORCE BASE." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 06 Feb. 2017.
https://cimiuiis.epa.aov/siipercpad/cursites/dsp ssppSiteDatal .cfm?id:ivi()00155#W'liv.
"EPA in Missouri: Westlake Landfill." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2017.
https://www.epa.aov/nio/west-iaice-iandfiii.
"GCL TIE AND TREATING INC., VILLAGE OF SIDNEY, NY." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.
Web. 06 Feb. 2017. https://cui.im lis.epa.aov/supercpad/cursites/csitmfo.cfni?id:r<)203408.
Isabella Indian Reservation, no date. Tri-State Mining District Superfund Site (presentation). Available at
http://www.sagchip.org/planning/NRDR/pdf/TriStateMining.pdf. Accessed on April 25, 2016.
Lynch, Kira, and Bill Adams. "Leveraging ORD SHC Research to Support Cleanup of the Bunker Hill Superfund
Site." ORD/OSP Region 10 (2016): n. pag. Web.
Niazi, M. andM. Hantush, 2015. "Hydrologic Modeling in the Tri-State Mining District Using SWAT."
EPA/600/X-15/206, September, 2015.
NIH. "Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)." (2016): n. pag. Web. 6 Feb. 2017.
https://www.mehs.mh.aov/heaith/niateriais/perflourmated cheniicais 508.pdf.
NJ DEQ, 2011. American Cyanamid Superfund Site Fact Sheet. December 2011. Available at
http://www.ni.aov/dep/stp/coniniunity/sites/pi/anierican cyananiid fs.pdf. Accessed on April 25, 2016.
OK DEQ (Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality), 2016. Tar Creek Superfund Site. Available at
http://www. deq. state. ok.us/ipdnew/SF/Superfund%20Proiect/SF%2()Site%20Smiiniaries/TarCreeic.htnii.
Accessed on April 25, 2016.
"PitWatch." PitWatch. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2017. http://www.pitwatch.ora/.
" SILVER BOW CREEK/BUTTE AREA." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 06 Feb.
2017. https://cimiuiis.epa.aov/supercpad/cursites/dsp ssppSiteDatal.cfm?id:K)8004]
U.S. DOINRDAR Program (U.S. Department of Interior's Natural Resources Damage Assessment and Restoration
Program), 2016. Tri-State Mining District - Cherokee Count. Available at
://www.cerc.iisas.aov/orda _ docs/CaseDetaiis?ID:iv:909. Accessed on April 25, 2016.
USGS, 2015. Tri-State Mining District. Available at http://ks.water.iisas.aov/tri-state-nimma. Accessed on April 25,
2016.
U.S. EPA, 2016a. Site Information for Tar Creek (Ottawa County), EPA's Involvement at this Site. Available at
https://cimiiiiis.epa.aov/supercpad/cii.rsites/dsp ssppSiteDatal .cfm?idK)601269#Wliy. Accessed on April
25,2016.
U.S. EPA, 2016b. Site Information for American Cyanamid Co. Available at
https://cimiulis.epa.aov/siipercpad/cii.rsites/dsp ssppSiteDatal .cfm?id:K)200144#Why. Accessed on April
25, 2016.
U.S. EPA, 2016c. Kalamazoo River Superfund Project. Available at
https://www3.epa.aov/reaiom5/cleaniip/kalproject/. Accessed on April 25, 2016.
ETSC Annual Report Fiscal Year 2016
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U.S. EPA, 2014b. Five-Year Review Report American Cyanamid Superfund Site Somerset County, New Jersey.
Prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regency 2 New York, New York. Available at
Kttp://www.bridfiewatemi.fiov/wp-
content/i3p[oads/2()14/()8/aniericancvansmid fourth five year review~.pdf. Accessed on June 20, 2016.
U.S. EPA OLEM/OSRTI. "Saint-GobainPerformance Plastics NPL Proposal." (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
https://semspi3b.epa.gov/wortc/Q2/363677.pdf.
U.S. EPA Region 8. Fourth Five-Year Review Report for Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site. Rep.
Denver: n.p., 2016. Print.
"West Lake Landfill Contamination." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 Aug. 2016. Web. 06 Feb. 2017.
https://www.epa.aov/nio/west-take-tandfUt-contanimation.
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Contact Information
John McKeman
Director, ORD En^uKering Technical Support Center
U S . Environmental Protection Agency
26 W. MartinLuflerKing Dr., Mail Stop 489A
Cirrinnati, OH 45268
513.569.7415 (office)
513.569.7676 (lax)
ETSC AnrualRepDit Fiscal Year2016
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Office of Research and Development
(8101R) Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
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