&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Technical Fact Sheet-
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-
1,3,5-triazine (RDX)
September 2017
TECHNICAL FACT SHEET - RDX
Introduction
This fact sheet, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO),
provides a summary of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX),
including its physical and chemical properties; environmental and health
impacts; existing federal and state guidelines; detection and treatment
methods; and additional sources of information. This fact sheet is
intended for use by site managers and field personnel who may address
RDX contamination at cleanup sites or in drinking water supplies.
RDX is a synthetic chemical used primarily as a military explosive. Major
manufacturing of RDX began in the United States in 1943 during World
War II with the rise in demand for improved explosives (U.S. Army 1984).
RDX was combined with oils, waxes and other explosives, including 2,4-
6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), to form usable compositions for military munitions
(U.S Army 1984; EPA 2005).
With its manufacturing impurities and environmental transformation
products, RDX accounts for a large part of the explosives contamination
at active and former U.S. military installations (EPA 1999).
What is RDX?	
~	RDX, also known as Royal Demolition Explosive, Research
Department Explosive, cyclonite, hexogen and T4, is a synthetic
product that does not occur naturally in the environment and belongs
to a class of compounds known as explosive nitramines (U.S. Army
1984; USACE CRREL 2006; ATSDR 2012).
~	RDX is a white crystalline solid that can be used alone as a base
charge for detonators or mixed with other explosives such as TNT to
form cyclotols, which produce a bursting charge for aerial bombs,
mines and torpedoes (U.S. Army 1984; ATSDR 2012; DoD 2016).
~	RDX is one of the most powerful high explosives available and was
widely used during World War II. It is present in more than 4,000
military items, from large bombs to very small igniters (DoD 2016).
Disclaimer: The U.S. EPA prepared this fact sheet using the most recent publicly-
available scientific information; additional information can be obtained from the
source documents. This fact sheet is not intended to be used as a primary source
of information and is not intended, nor can it be relied upon, to create any rights
enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
At a Glance
~	Highly explosive, white crystalline
solid.
~	Synthetic product that does not
occur naturally in the environment.
~	Used extensively in the
manufacture of munitions and
accounts for a large part of the
explosives contamination at active
and former U.S. military
installations.
~	Not significantly retained by most
soils and biodegrades very slowly
under aerobic conditions. As a
result, it can easily migrate to
groundwater.
~	Not expected to persist for a long
period of time in surface waters
because of transformation
processes.
~	Classified as a Group C (possible
human) carcinogen.
~	Can damage the nervous system if
inhaled or ingested.
~	Basic types of field screening
methods include colorimetric and
immunoassay.
~	Primary laboratory analytical
methods include liquid and gas
chromatography.
~	Potential treatment technologies
include in situ bioremediation,
granular activated carbon
treatment, composting,
phytoremediation and incineration.
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Land and Emergency
Management (5106P)
1
EPA 505-F-17-008
September 2017

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Technical Fact Sheet - RDX
~	RDX is commonly found at hand grenade ranges,
antitank rocket ranges, bombing ranges, artillery
ranges, munitions testing sites, explosives washout
lagoons, demolition areas and open burn/open
detonation sites (USACE CRREL 2006; EPA 2005,
2012c).
~	Production of RDX in the United States has been
limited to Army ammunition plants (ATSDR 2012;
HSDB 2016). The Holston Army Ammunition Plant
in Kingsport, Tennessee is the only active
manufacturing facility in the United States (ATSDR
2012; EPA 2012a).
~ RDX is not produced commercially in the United
States; however, some U.S. companies import
RDX from outside the United States for use in
commercial applications (ATSDR 2012; EPA
2012a).
Exhibit 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of RDX
(USACE CRREL 2006; ATSDR 2012; HSDB 2016; NIOSH 2016)
Property
Value
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number
121-82-4
Physical description (physical state at room temperature)
White crystalline solid
Molecular weight (g/mol)
222.26
Water solubility at 25°C (mg/L)
59.7
Octanol-water partition coefficient (Log Kow)
0.87
Soil organic carbon-water coefficient (Log Koc)
1.80
Boiling point (°C)
Decomposes
Melting point (°C)
204 to 206
Vapor pressure at 20°C (mm Hg)
1.0 x 10"9 (ATSDR 2012);
4.0 x 10"9 (HSDB 2016)
Specific gravity at 20°C
1.82
Henry's law constant at 25°C (atm-m3/mol)
2.0 x10"11
Abbreviations: g/mol - grams per mole; mg/L - milligrams per liter; °C - degrees Celsius; mm Hg - millimeters of mercury;
atm-m3/mol - atmosphere - cubic meters per mole.
Existence of RDX in the environment
RDX can be released to the environment through
spills, firing of munitions, disposal of ordnance,
open incineration and detonation of ordnance,
leaching from inadequately sealed impoundments
and demilitarization of munitions. RDX can also be
released from manufacturing and munitions
processing facilities (ATSDR 2012).
As of 2016, RDX had been identified at 32 sites on
the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (EPA
2016b).
In the atmosphere, RDX is expected to exist in the
particulate phase and settles by wet or dry
deposition (ATSDR 2012; HSDB 2016).
Low soil sorption coefficient (Koc) values indicate
that RDX is not significantly retained by most soils
and can leach to groundwater from soil. However,
the rate of migration depends on the composition
of the soil (ATSDR 2012; EPA 2005).
RDX can migrate through the vadose zone and
contaminate underlying groundwater aquifers,
especially at source areas that have permeable
soils, a shallow groundwater table and abundant
rainfall (USACE CRREL 2006; EPA 2012c).
RDX has a slow rate of dissolution from the solid
phase and does not evaporate from water readily
as a result of its low vapor pressure (USACE
CRREL 2006; EPA 2005).
Based on its low octanol-water partition coefficient
(Kow) and low experimental bioconcentration
factor, RDX has a low bioconcentration potential in
aquatic organisms (HSDB 2016; ATSDR 2012;
EPA 2005).
Phototransformation of RDX in soil is not
significant; however, it is the primary physical
mechanism that degrades RDX in aqueous
solutions. Consequently, RDX is not expected to
persist for a long period of time in sunlit surface
waters (ATSDR 2012; USACE CRREL 2006;
HSDB 2016).
Results from a study indicate that RDX may
bioaccumulate in plants and could be a potential
exposure route to herbivorous wildlife (USACE
CRREL 2006; EPA 2005).
RDX may biodegrade in water and soil under
anaerobic conditions. Its biodegradation products
include hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-
2

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Technical Fact Sheet - RDX
triazine (MNX); 1 ^-dinitroso-S-nitro-l,3,5-
triazacyclohexane (DNX); hexahydro-1,3,5-
trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX); hydrazine; 1,1-
dimethyl-hydrazine; 1,2-di methyl-hydrazine;
formaldehyde and methanol (ATSDR 2012;
USACE CRREL 2006).
What are the routes of exposure and the potential health effects of RDX?
Potential exposure to RDX could occur by dermal
contact or inhalation exposure; however, the most
likely route of exposure at or near hazardous
waste sites is ingestion of contaminated drinking
water or agricultural crops irrigated with
contaminated water (ATSDR 2012).
EPA has assigned RDX a weight-of-evidence
carcinogenic classification of C (possible human
carcinogen) based on the presence of
hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in
female mice that were exposed to RDX (EPA IRIS
1993).
RDX targets the nervous system and can cause
seizures in humans and animals when large
amounts are inhaled or ingested. Human studies
also revealed nausea and vomiting after inhalation
or oral exposure to unknown levels of RDX
(ATSDR 2012; EPA 2005; HSDB 2016).
Potential symptoms of overexposure include eye
and skin irritation, headache, irritability, fatigue,
tremor, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, insomnia and
convulsions (HSDB 2016; NIOSH 2016).
Animal studies found that the ingestion of RDX for
3 months or longer resulted in decreased body
weight and slight liver and kidney damage in rats
and mice (ATSDR 2012).
Limited information is available regarding the
effects of long-term, low-level exposure to RDX
(ATSDR 2012).
Are there any federal and state guidelines and health standards for RDX?
EPA assigned RDX a chronic oral reference dose
(RfD) of 3 x 10-3 milligrams per kilogram per day
(mg/kg/day) (EPA IRIS 1993).
EPA has assigned an oral slope factor (OSF) for
carcinogenic risk of 0.11 mg/kg/day, and the
drinking water unit risk is 3.1 x 10-6 micrograms per
liter ((jg/L) (EPA IRIS 1993).
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) has established a minimal risk
level (MRL) of 0.2 mg/kg/day for acute-duration
oral exposure (14 days or less), 0.1 mg/kg/day for
intermediate-duration oral exposure (15 to 364
days) and 0.1 mg/kg/day for chronic-duration oral
exposure (365 days or more) to RDX (ATSDR
2012).
EPA risk assessments indicate that the drinking
water concentration representing a 1 x 10-6 cancer
risk level for RDX is 0.3 (jg/L (EPA IRIS 1993). EPA
has established drinking water health advisories for
RDX, which are drinking water-specific risk level
concentrations for cancer (10-4 cancer risk) and
concentrations of drinking water contaminants at
which noncancer adverse health effects are not
anticipated to occur over specific exposure
durations (EPA 2012b).
¦ EPA has established a lifetime health advisory
guidance level of 2 ng/L for RDX in drinking
water. The health advisory for a cancer risk of
10-4 is 30 ng/L.
¦ EPA also established a 1 -day and 10-day
health advisory of 100 ng/L for RDX in drinking
water for a 10-kilogram child.
For RDX in tap water, EPA has calculated a
screening level of 0.7 (jg/L (EPA 2017).
EPA has calculated a residential soil screening
level (SSL) of 6.1 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)
and an industrial SSL of 28 mg/kg. The soil-to-
groundwater risk-based SSL is 2.7 x 10"4 mg/kg
(EPA 2017).
EPA has not established an ambient air level
standard or screening level for RDX (EPA 2017).
EPA included RDX on the fourth Contaminant
Candidate List (CCL). The CCL is a list of
unregulated contaminants that are known to or
may occur in drinking water and may require
regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA
2016a).
The EPA Region III Biological Technical
Assistance Group (BTAG) has established a
freshwater screening benchmark of 360 ng/L and a
freshwater sediment screening benchmark of
0.013 mg/kg (EPA 2006).
Some states have established soil guidelines and
standards for RDX. Residential soil guidelines
range from 1 mg/kg (Massachusetts) to 160 mg/kg
(Pennsylvania) (MADEP 2014 and PADEP 2011).
Industrial soil guidelines range from 28 mg/kg
(North Carolina) to 3,664 mg/kg (New Mexico)
(NCDENR 2016 and NMED 2017).
3

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Technical Fact Sheet - RDX
Few states have established surface water
guidelines arid water quality standards for RDX.
Surface water guidelines and standards range
from 5.8 ng/L (protective of human health,
Michigan) to 2,591.5 ng/L (acute exposure,
protective of fish and wildlife propagation,
Oklahoma) (Michigan DEQ 2006 and OWRB
2014).
Various states have established groundwater or
drinking water standards and guidelines for RDX
including the following:
State
Standard or
Guideline
(ng/L)
Source
California
0.3/303
CalSWRCB
2005
Indiana
7
IDEM 2016
Maine
3
MEDEP 2016
Massachusetts
1
MADEP 2014
Mississippi
0.609
MDEQ 2002
Nebraska
0.61
NDEQ 2012
New Jersey
0.5
NJDEP 2011
New Mexico
7.02
NMED 2017
Pennsylvania
2
PADEP 2011
West Virginia
0.61
WVDEP 2014
a) The first value is the California State Water Resources
Control Board, Division of Drinking Water notification level;
the second value is the response level.
What detection and site characterization methods are available for RDX?
~	EPA SW-846 Method 8330 is the most widely
used analytical approach for detecting RDX in
water, soil and sediment. The method specifies
using high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. It has
been used to detect RDX and some of its
breakdown products at levels in the low parts
per billion (ppb) range in water, soil and
sediment (EPA 2005, 2007b, 2012c).
~	RDX is commonly deposited in the environment
as discrete particles with strongly
heterogeneous spatial distributions. As
described in SW-846 Method 8330B, proper
sample collection (using an incremental field
sampling approach), sample processing (which
includes grinding) and incremental subsampling
are required to obtain reliable soil data (EPA
2006).
~	Another method commonly used is EPA SW-846
Method 8095, which employs the same sample
processing steps as EPA SW-846 Method 8330,
but uses capillary column gas chromatography
with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD) for
detection of explosives in water and soil (EPA
2005, 2007a, 2012c.)
~ EPA SW-846 Method 8321, which uses HPLC-
mass spectrometry (MS), may be modified for the
determination of RDX in soil. Since RDX is not a
target analyte for this method and the sample
processing steps are not appropriate for use with
energetic compounds, this method is commonly
modified for RDX to employ different sample
processing steps, such as those identified in
Method 8330 (EPA 2012c).
~	EPA Method 529 used solid phase extraction and
capillary column GC and MS for the detection of
RDX in drinking water (EPA 2002, U.S. Army
2009).
~	Specific field screening methods for RDX include
EPA SW-846 Method 4051 to detect RDX in soil
by immunoassay and EPA SW-846 Method 8510
to detect RDX and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-
1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) using a colorimetric
screening procedure (U.S. Army 2009; EPA
2007c; USACE 2005). Other screening techniques
may be used for identification purposes (USACE
CRREL 2007).
~	Prototype biosensor methods for RDX have been
field-tested and are emerging methods for
explosives analysis in water (EPA 1999).
~	Fluorescence spot (fluo-spot) detection is an
emerging method for in situ RDX detection (Wang
et al 2016).
What technologies are being used to treat RDX?	
~~~ Ex situ methods for treating waters	activated carbon and UV irradiation (ATSDR
contaminated with RDX include granular	2012; USACE ERDC 2013).
4

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Technical Fact Sheet - RDX
In situ bio remediation utilizing various substrates
can be used to treat groundwater contaminated
with explosives, including RDX (EPA 2005; DoD
ESTCP 2012; ATSDR 2012).
Bioaugmentation with aerobic explosive
degrading bacteria may be a viable treatment
technology for remediating RDX-contaminated
groundwater (DoD SERDP 2012; Fuller and
others 2015).
In situ chemical remediation can also be used to
treat RDX. Fenton oxidation and treatment with
iron metal (FeO) has been used to remediate
RDX-contaminated soil and water but has not
been used as a stand-alone, full-scale treatment
technology (EPA 2005; EPA NCER 2013).
Bioreactors, bioslurry treatments and passive
subsurface biobarriers have proven successful
in reducing RDX concentrations in soil (USACE
CRREL 2006; EPA 2005; DoD ESTCP 2008 and
2010).
Composting has been successful in achieving
cleanup goals for RDX in soil at field
demonstrations (EPA 2005).
Incineration is a proven and widely-available
method to treat RDX-contaminated soil and
debris; however, resulting incinerator stack
emissions may require treatment (EPA 2005).
Phytoremediation of RDX-contaminated water
and soil is being evaluated as a potential
treatment technology (Lamichhane and others
2012; Panz and Miksch 2012; USACE CRREL
2013; Srivastava 2015).
Where can I find more information about RDX?
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 2012. "Toxicological Profile for
RDX." www.atsdr.cdc.aov/toxprofiies/tp78.odf
California State Water Resources Control Board
(CalSWRCB), Division of Drinking Water. 2005.
"Drinking Water Notification Levels and Response
Levels."
www.waterboards.ca.aov/drinkina water/certiic/dri
nkinawater/NotificationLevels.shtml
Fuller, M.E., Hatzinger, P.B., Condee, C.W.,
Andaya, C., Vainberg, S., Michalsen, M.M.,
Crocker, F.H., Indest, K.J., Jung, C.M., Eaton, H.,
and J.D. Istok. 2015. "Laboratory Evaluation of
Bioaugmentation for Aerobic Treatment of RDX in
Groundwater." Biodegradation. Volume 26 (1).
Pages 77 to 89.
link.sprinaer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10532-014-
9717-v
Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB). 2016.
Cyclonite. toxnet.nlm.nih.aov/cai-bin/
sis/htmlaen?HSDB
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
(IDEM). 2016. "IDEM Screening and Closure Level
Tables."
www.in.aov/idem/landauaiitv/fiies/risc screening t
able 2016.pdf
Lamichhane, K.M., Babcock, R.W., Turnbull, S.J.,
and S. Schenc. 2012. "Molasses Enhanced Phyto
and Bioremediation Treatability Study of
Explosives Contaminated Hawaiian Soils." Journal
of Hazardous Materials. Volume 243. Pages 334 to
339.
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
(MEDEP). 2016. "Remedial Action Guidelines
(RAGs) for Sites Contaminated with Hazardous
Substances."
www.maine.gov/dep/spills/publications/guidance/ra
gs/ME-RAGS-Revised-Final 020516.pdf
Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Protection (MADEP). 2014. "Massachusetts
Contingency Plan." 310 CMR 40.0000. www.mass.
gov/eea/agencies/massdep/cleanup/regulations/sit
e-cleanup-regulations-and-standards.html
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
(Michigan DEQ). 2006. "Rule 57 Water Quality
Values." www.michiqan.gov/documents/deg/wrd-
swas-rule57 372470 7.pdf
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality
(MDEQ). 2002. "Risk Evaluation Procedures for
Voluntary Cleanup and Redevelopment of
Brownfield Sites."
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH). 2016. NIOSH Pocket Guide to
Chemical Hazards: Cyclonite.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0169.html
Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality
(NDEQ). 2012. "Voluntary Cleanup Program
Remediation Goals."
deo. ne.gov/Publica. nsf/paoes/05-162/
New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection (NJDEP). 2011. Standards for Drinking
Water, Ground Water, Soil and Surface Water.
www, state, ni. us/dep/standards/pdf/121 -82-4.pdf
New Mexico Environment Department (NMED).
2017. "Risk Assessment Guidance for Site
Investigations and Remediation."
www.env.nm.gov/HWB/guidance.html
5

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Technical Fact Sheet - RDX
Where can I find more information about RDX? (continued)
~	North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR). 2016. "Preliminary
Soil Remediation Goals Table."
ncdenr.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-
pubiic/Waste%2QManaaement/DWM/SF/IHS/auida
nce/SoilT able%2QAPRIL%2Q2Q16%20-Final-
1 pcbl. pdf
~	Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB). 2014.
"Oklahoma's Water Quality Standards."
www, owrb. ok. qov/uti l/rules/pdf rul/current/Ch45. pd
f
~	Panz, K., and K. Miksch. 2012. "Phytoremediation
of Explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX) by Wild-Type and
Transgenic Plants." Journal of Environmental
Management. Volume 113. Pages 85 to 92.
~	Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection (PADEP). 2011. "Statewide Health
Standards."
www.dep.pa.aov/Business/Land/LandRecvciina/St
andards-Guidance-Procedures/Paaes/Statewide-
Health-Standards.aspx
~	Srivastava, Neerja. 2015. Phytoremediation of
RDX. Ansari A.A., Gill S.S., Gill R., Lanza G.R.,
and N. Lee (eds.). In Phytoremediation: Pages 265
to 278. Springer.
~	U.S. Army. 1984. Military Explosives, TM9-1300-
214. Department of the Army Technical Manual.
Headquarters Department of the Army,
Washington, DC.
~	U.S. Army. 2009. Military Munitions Response
Program. "Munitions Response Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study Guidance."
~	US ACE. 2005. Military Munitions Center of
Expertise. Technical Update. "Munitions
Constituent (MC) Sampling." uxoinfo.com/
bloacfc/ciient/enclosures/MC%20Tech%20Update
%20Fi nal US ACE MarOSSampiina. pdf
~	USACE Cold Regions Research and Engineering
Laboratory (CRREL). 2006. "Conceptual Model for
the Transport of Energetic Residues from Surface
Soil to Groundwater by Range Activities."
ERDC/CRRELTR-06-18. www.dtic.mii/cgi-bin/
GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD
=ADA472270
~	USACE CRREL. 2007. "Protocols for Collection of
Surface Soil Samples at Military Training and
Testing Ranges for the Characterization of
Energetic Munitions Constituents."
~	USACE CRREL. 2013. "RDX in Plant Tissue:
Leading to Humification in Surface Soils."
ERDC/CRREL TR-13-4.
~	USACE Engineer Research and Development
Center (ERDC). 2013. "Evaluation of Treatment
Technologies for Wastewater from Insensitive
Munitions Production." ERDC/ELTR-13-20.
oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=oetRecord&metadataPrefi
x=html&identifier=ADA592972
~	U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). 2016. The
Basics: RDX. Emerging Chemical and Material
Risks. Chemical and Material Risk Management
Program.
www.denix.osd.mil/cmrmp/ecmr/rdx/thebasics/
~	DoD Environmental Security Technology
Certification Program (ESTCP). 2012. "In Situ
Bioremediation of Energetic Compounds in
Groundwater." ER-200425. www.serdp-
estcp.org/index.php/content/download/15135/1737
25/file/ER-200425-FR. pdf
~	DoD ESTCP. 2010. "Passive Bio barrier for
Treating Comingled Perchlorate and RDX in
Groundwater at an Active Range (ER-201028)."
~	DoD ESTCP. 2008. "Treatment of RDX and/or
HMX Using Mulch Biowalls (ER-0426)." clu-
in.ora/download/techfocus/prb/ER-0426-CP.pdf
~	DoD. Strategic Environmental Research and
Development Program (SERDP). 2012.
"Bioaugmentation for Aerobic Bioremediation of
RDX-Contaminated Groundwater." Fact Sheet.
SERDP Project ER-201207.
~	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
1999. Office of Research and Development.
Federal Facilities Forum Issue. "Field Sampling
and Selecting On-site Analytical Methods for
Explosives in Water." EPA-600-S-99-002.
www.epa.aov/remedvtech/field-samplina-and-
selecting-site-analvtical-methods-explosives-water
~	EPA. 2002. Method 529. "Determination of
Explosives and Related Compounds in Drinking
Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS)." Revision 1.0.
cfpub.epa.oov/si/si public record report.cfm?dirE
ntrvld=103914&simpleSearch=1 &searchAII=529
~	EPA. 2005. "Handbook on the Management of
Munitions Response Actions." EPA 505-B-01-001.
nepis. epa. oov/Exe/ZvPUR L. cai?Dockev=P100304
J.txt
~	EPA. 2006. SW-846. Method 8330b. "Appendix A:
Collecting and Processing of Representative
Samples for Energetic Residues in Solid Matrices
from Military Training Ranges."
www.epa.gov/sites/production/fiies/2015-
07/documents/epa-8330b. pdf
6

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Technical Fact Sheet - RDX
Where can I find more information about RDX? (continued)
~	EPA. 2007a. SW-846. Method 8095. "Explosives
by Gas Chromatography."
www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2Q15-
12/docu merits/8095, pdf
~	EPA. 2007b. SW-846. Method 8330a.
"Nitroaromatics arid Nitramines by High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)."
Revision 1.
www.epa.aov/sites/production/fiies/2Q15-
12/docu me nts/8330a. pdf
~	EPA. 2007c. SW-846. Method 8510. "Colorimetric
Screening Procedure for RDX and HMX in Soil."
www.epa.gov/sites/production/fiies/2015-
12/docu me nts/8510. pdf
~	EPA. 2012a. ChemView. Manufacturing,
Processing, Use and Release Data.
www.epa.gov/assessinq-and-managinq-chemicals-
under-tsca/introduction-chemview
~	EPA. 2012b. "2012 Edition of the Drinking Water
Standards and Health Advisories."
www.epa.gov/sites/production/fiies/2015-
09/documents/dwstandards2012. pdf
~	EPA. 2012c. "Site Characterization for Munitions
Constituents." EPA Federal Facilities Forum Issue
Paper. EPA-505-S-11-001.
www.epa.gov/fedfac/epa-federal-faciiities-forum-
issue-paper-site-characterization-munitions-
constituents
~	EPA. 2016a. Drinking Water Contaminant
Candidate List, www.epa.gov/ccl
Contact Information	
If you have any questions or comments on this fact sheet,
cooke. marvt@epa.gov.
~	EPA. 2016b. Superfund Information Systems.
Superfund Site Information.
cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/srchsites.cfm
~	EPA. 2017. Regional Screening Levels Generic
Tables, www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-
levels-rsls
~	EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
1993. "Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
(RDX) (CASRN 121-82-4)."
cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemical Landing. cfm?su
bstance nmbr-313
~	EPA. National Center for Environmental Research
(NCER). 2013. "Final Report: Fate and Transport
of Munitions Residues in Contaminated Soil."
cfpub.epa.gov/ncer abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction
/display. abstractDetail/abstract/5251/report/F
~	EPA Region III. 2006. Biological Technical
Assistance Group (BTAG) Freshwater Screening
Benchmarks, www.epa.gov/risk/bioloqical-
technical-assistance-aroup-btaa-screenina-values
~	Wang, C., Huang, H., Bunes, B.R., Wu, N., Xu, M.,
Yang, X., Yu, L., and L. Zang. 2016. "Trace
Detection of RDX, HMX and PETN Explosives
Using a Fluorescence Spot Sensor." Nature.
Scientific Reports 6, 25015; doi:
10.1038/srep25015.
www.nature.com/articles/srep25015
~	West Virginia Department of Environmental
Protection (WVDEP). 2014. "Voluntary
Remediation and Redevelopment Rule."
www.dep.wv.gov/dlr/oer/voluntarvmain/Pages/defa
ult.asox
please contact: Mary Cooke, FFRRO, at
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