ENERGY STAR® FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SKYLIGHTS COST AND ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use ENERGY STAR INSIDE Usage Guidelines page 1 National Savings Estimates 1 Regional Savings Estimates 2 City Savings Estimates 4 • Factoids 7 • Methodology 9 For More Information 9 February 2005 ------- OVERVIEW The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is pleased to provide partners with new cost and energy savings estimates for use in marketing ENERGY STAR qualified windows. Below you will find annual national, regional, and local savings estimates for choosing ENERGY STAR when replacing single pane or double pane, clear glass windows in existing construction or as an alternative to double pane, clear glass windows in new construction, as well as sample factoids based on these estimates. These estimates were calculated using RESFEN 3.11 with default assumptions for a typical home, U.S. Census 2000 data, and August 2004 state average utility rates. Choosing to install ENERGY STAR qualified windows saves homeowners money and energy nearly everywhere in the U.S. This document provides the raw materials to best communicate these savings to buyers—cost and energy savings estimates expressed in dollar and energy terms and related factoids. USAGE GUIDELINES Partners who wish to use the official savings estimates and related factoids should: • Use the data and statements provided. Do not alter the meaning of the savings estimates. Statements may be reworded if this rewording does not expand or alter the meaning. Rewording must be done carefully as even slight alterations can make a statement inaccurate. Do not round the numbers. • Use the savings range when provided (e.g. national savings). Do not cite a single number or use "up to" terminology when a range is provided as it can be misleading given the variation in the savings estimates from region to region. • Always cite the data source. Citations are provided below. Supplying information about assumptions is recommended but not required. • Use the data for the promotion of residential windows only. The data only apply to windows and should not be used for promoting doors or skylights. NATIONAL SAVINGS ESTIMATES Table 1 presents the national costsavings estimates for using ENERGY STAR qualified windows underthree conditions: relative to single pane, relative to a typical alternative (clear glass, double pane) in replacement, and relative to a typical alternative (clear glass, double pane) in new construction. COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 1 ------- TABLE 1. National Savings Estimates Relative to Relative to Typical Alternative Single Pane Replacement New Construction Official Savings Statements: Choose ENERGY STAR® and save $125-$340 a year when replacing single pane windows Choose ENERGY STAR® and save $20-$70 a year over double pane, clear glass replacement windows Choose ENERGY STAR® and save $15-$65 a year over double pane, clear glass windows in new construction REGIONAL SAVINGS ESTIMATES CITATION FOR NATIONAL SAVINGS ESTIMATES U.S. Department of Energy (2005). www.energystar.gov/windows. ASSUMPTIONS Relative to Single Pane: Savings estimates based on population-weighted regional average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use August 2004 state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by climate region and home characteristics. Relative to Typical Alternative: Savings estimates based on population-weighted regional average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use August 2004 state average utility rates. The typical alternative (clear glass, double pane) may not be applicable to all jurisdictions due to mandatory building codes. Actual savings will vary by climate region and home characteristics. Regional cost and energy savings estimates have been calculated forthe eleven modified census divisions shown in Figure 1. FIGURE 1. Modified U.S. Census Divisions2 NORTHWEST WEST NORTH MOUNTAIN CENTRAL EAST NORTH CENTRAL ENGLAND • ^ MIDDLE * ATLANTIC SOUTH ATLANTIC FLORIDA WEST SOUTH EAST SOUTH CENTRAL CENTRAL CALIFORNIA h COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 2 ------- Table 2 presents the regional cost ($) and energy (Btu3) savings estimates for using ENERGY STAR qualified windows under three conditions: relative to single pane, relative to a typical alternative (clear glass, double pane) in replacement, and relative to a typical alternative (clear glass, double pane) in new construction. TABLE 2. Regional Savings Estimates Relative to Relative to Typical Alternative Single Pane Replacement New Construction Official Savings Statements: Choose ENERGY STAR® and save [insert$ or Btu] a year when replacing single pane windows Choose ENERGY STAR® and save [insert$ or Btu] a year over double pane, clear glass replacement windows Choose ENERGY STAR® and save [inserts or Btu] a year over double pane, clear glass windows in new construction REGION Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) California $125 9.9 $20 0.3 $15 0.4 East North Central $270 24.8 $60 4.7 $55 4.5 East South Central $260 18.9 $45 2.4 $40 2.4 Florida $150 6.1 $60 2.3 $55 2.2 Middle Atlantic $300 21.8 $70 3.9 $65 3.8 Mountain $295 24.5 $50 2.9 $45 2.7 New England $340 23.5 $65 3.9 $65 3.8 Northwest $285 30.9 $35 3.6 $35 3.5 South Atlantic $325 20.1 $45 2.2 $45 2.2 West North Central $290 25.1 $65 4.8 $60 4.6 West South Central $210 12.5 $65 2.2 $60 2.1 CITATION FOR REGIONAL SAVINGS ESTIMATES U.S. Department of Energy (2005). www.energystar.gov/windows. ASSUMPTIONS Same assumptions as national savings estimates (page 2). COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 3 ------- CITY SAVINGS ESTIMATES Table 3 lists cost and energy savings estimates for 93 U.S. cities. TABLE 3. City Savings Estimates4 Official Savings Statements: Relative to Single Pane Choose ENERGY STAR® and save [insert$ or Btu] a year when replacing single pane windows Relative to Typical Alternative Replacement New Construction Choose ENERGY STAR® and save [insert$ or Btu] a year over double pane, clear glass replacement windows Choose ENERGY STAR® and save [insertS or Btu] a year over double pane, clear glass windows in new construction CITY Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) AK, Anchorage $270 54 $40 7.6 $40 7.8 AK, Fairbanks $350 69 $50 9.4 $60 11.3 AL, Birmingham $240 14.8 $35 1.8 $35 1.8 AL, Mobile $120 6.2 $35 0.8 $35 0.7 AR, Little Rock $275 18 $40 2.2 $45 2.3 AZ, Phoenix $275 12.9 $70 2.7 $80 3.1 AZ, Flagstaff $410 28.6 $20 1.1 $20 1.2 AZ, Tucson $245 12.7 $50 1.9 $60 2.2 CA, Fresno $225 15.1 $50 1.9 $60 2.1 CA, Los Angeles 5-6 $70 5.9 $5 -0.1 $10 -0.2 CA, Red Bluff $265 19 $55 2.4 $65 2.8 CA, San Diego $70 4.8 $10 0.2 $15 0.2 CA, San Francisco $120 12.8 ($5) -0.6 ($10) -1.2 CA, Areata $160 17.6 $0 -0.3 ($5) -0.6 CA, Bakersfield $215 12.7 $50 1.5 $60 2.0 CA, Daggett $255 13.3 $60 1.6 $70 1.8 CA, Sacramento $195 15.1 $35 1.4 $40 1.5 CO, Denver $305 30.2 $35 2.7 $40 2.8 CO, Grand Junction $295 27.5 $40 2.8 $45 3.0 CT, Hartford $365 23.3 $75 4.0 $80 4.3 DC, Washington $405 27.5 $55 3.1 $60 3.3 DE, Wilmington $440 28.1 $55 3.1 $60 3.2 FL, Jacksonville $150 6.3 $50 1.6 $53 1.5 FL, Miami $165 6.3 $115 4.4 $130 4.8 FL, Daytona Beach $135 5.5 $65 2.2 $70 2.3 FL, Tallahassee $145 6.1 $40 1.1 $40 1.0 FL, Tampa $155 6.2 $85 2.9 $90 3.1 GA, Atlanta $295 16.9 $40 1.9 $40 2.0 COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 4 ------- CITY Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) GA, Savannah $225 12.3 $40 1.7 $40 1.9 IA, Des Moines $320 25 $70 4.6 $70 4.8 ID, Boise $300 31.7 $35 3.4 $40 3.6 IL, Chicago $285 25.1 $60 4.7 $65 5.0 IL, Springfield $275 23.2 $60 4.3 $65 4.5 IN, Indianapolis $250 21.9 $55 4.0 $55 4.2 KS, Wichita $265 20 $55 3.4 $60 3.6 KY, Lexington $355 26.8 $50 3.4 $50 3.4 KY, Louisville $320 24 $45 3.1 $45 3.1 LA, Lake Charles $140 7.5 $55 1.7 $60 1.7 LA, New Orleans $120 6.2 $50 1.5 $55 1.4 LA, Shreveport $210 13.8 $40 2.0 $45 2.1 MA, Boston $335 23 $60 3.6 $60 3.6 MD, Baltimore $435 27.1 $50 2.9 $55 3.0 ME, Portland $320 24.9 $55 3.7 $55 3.6 Ml, Detroit $240 26 $50 4.7 $50 4.9 Ml, Grand Rapids $250 27.4 $55 5.2 $55 5.4 Ml, Houghton $280 31 $60 5.9 $55 5.9 MN, Minneapolis $310 29.9 $65 5.6 $70 5.8 MN, Duluth $370 37 $75 7.0 $70 6.7 MO, Kansas City $265 20.5 $60 3.8 $60 4.0 MO, St. Louis $265 20.5 $60 3.8 $60 4.0 MS, Jackson $205 14.7 $40 2.0 $40 2.1 MT, Great Falls $440 44.2 $55 5.2 $60 5.2 MT, Billings $425 41.8 $55 4.7 $55 4.8 NC, Raleigh $280 18.8 $40 2.1 $40 1.9 ND, Bismarck $300 32.1 $60 6.0 $65 6.1 NE, Omaha $245 23.6 $55 4.4 $55 4.6 NH, Concord $345 25 $70 4.2 $70 4.3 NJ, Atlantic City $240 18.6 $50 2.8 $50 2.7 NM, Albuquerque $250 20.2 $30 1.4 $35 1.5 NV, Las Vegas $260 15 $55 1.7 $60 2.0 NV, Reno $275 23.5 $30 1.7 $35 1.8 NY, Buffalo $365 26.7 $80 5.2 $85 5.3 NY, New York $290 20 $65 3.3 $65 3.4 NY, Albany $355 25.7 $80 4.8 $80 4.9 OH, Dayton $260 22.9 $55 4.1 $60 4.4 COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 5 ------- CITY Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) Utility Dollars Btu (millions) 0H, Cleveland $275 24 $60 4.7 $60 4.8 OK, Oklahoma City $290 22.2 $40 2.4 $40 2.4 OR, Medford $270 23.6 $40 3.0 $40 2.9 OR, Portland $265 24.6 $35 2.9 $35 2.7 PA, Philadelphia $285 19.6 $60 3.3 $60 3.5 PA, Pittsburgh $325 22.7 $70 4.3 $75 4.6 PA, Williamsport $320 22.3 $65 4.1 $70 4.2 Rl, Providence $310 22.5 $55 3.4 $60 3.5 SC, Charleston $210 13.3 $35 1.6 $35 1.5 SC, Greenville $250 16.9 $35 1.9 $35 1.7 SD, Pierre $305 27.9 $60 4.9 $65 5.1 TN, Memphis $235 17.8 $40 2.3 $40 2.1 TN, Nashville $280 22.5 $45 3.0 $45 2.9 TX, Brownsville $185 7.6 $110 3.7 $120 4.1 TX, El Paso $230 13.9 $40 1.5 $50 1.7 TX, Fort Worth $245 14.9 $50 1.9 $55 2.1 TX, San Antonio $170 7.9 $80 2.0 $85 2.2 TX, Houston $160 7.5 $75 2.2 $85 2.3 TX, Lubbock $280 19.8 $40 1.8 $40 1.9 UT, Salt Lake City $275 29.7 $40 3.3 $45 3.5 UT, Cedar City $250 27.8 $30 2.3 $30 2.4 VA, Richmond $385 21.7 $45 2.2 $50 2.3 VT, Burlington $330 28.2 $70 5.2 $70 5.2 WA, Seattle $355 27.6 $20 2.9 $30 2.9 WA, Spokane $350 37.5 $45 4.3 $45 4.4 Wl, Madison $295 27.4 $60 5.0 $65 5.1 WV, Charleston $290 24.2 $35 2.7 $40 3.1 WY, Cheyenne $340 41.4 $40 3.7 $40 3.7 CITATION FOR CITY SAVINGS ESTIMATES U.S. Department of Energy (2005). www.energystar.gov/windows. ASSUMPTIONS Relative to Single Pane: Savings estimates based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Relative to Typical Alternative: Savings estimates based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. The typical alternative (clear glass, double pane) may not be applicable to all jurisdictions due to mandatory building codes. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 6 ------- FACTOIDS For partners who prefer factoids, DOE has created a set of sample factoids (Figure 2) and a factoid generator for a common set of factoids (Table 4). FIGURE 2. Cost and Energy Factoids for Replacing Single Pane with ENERGY STAR Qualified Windows in Select Cities Replacing single pane windows with ENERGY STAR® qualified windows in the typical home saves each year: In Seattle, enough energy In Chicago, enough In Boston, enough money to brew a lifetime's worth money to take 14 friends to pick up the paper and of coffee for 18 people7 to see the Cubs8 commute on the T for nearly six months9 In San Francisco, I jAr enough money to I ¦ In Philadelphia, cheese steaks10 In Phoenix, enough I hHF money for three V/ rounds at a top [ / ~ rated golf course14 | / ^ In Atlanta, enough energy for a year In Denver, enough ^ and a ha,fs worth money to outfit a In Miami, enough 0f hot showers for family of six with ski energy to keep a g famj| Qf f(jurll hats and gloves13 refrigerator full of beverages frosty for more than four years12 CITATION FOR FACTOIDS U.S. Department of Energy (2005). www.energystar.gov/windows. ASSUMPTIONS Same assumptions as national, regional, or city savings estimates (above) plus any additional assumptions used in the factoid, as shown in the Figure 2 end notes. GENERATE YOUR OWN FACTOIDS Follow the directions in Table 4 to generate your own factoids using the national, regional or city savings estimates in Tables 1,2, and 3. COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 7 ------- TABLE 4. Factoid Generator 1. Choose Condition 2. Choose Factoid 3. Calculate 4. Add Citation Replacing single pane windows with ENERGY ...Enough money to take friends to see [sporting event] Utility dollar savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r [cost per ticket] See citation for Chicago in Figure 2 STAR® qualified windows in the typical home will save each ...Enough energy to brew cups of coffee Million Btu savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r 70 Btu See citation for Seattle in Figure 2 year.... Choosing ENERGY STAR® qualified windows over double pane, clear glass when replacing windows in the typical home will save each year... ...Enough energy to keep a refrigerator full of beverages deliciously frosty for (years) Million Btu savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r 1.5 million Btu See citation for Miami in Figure 2 ...Enough energy for hot showers Million Btu savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦=¦11,070 Btu See citation for Atlanta in Figure 2 ...Enough money to buy [climate or region appropriate apparel or object] Utility dollar savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r [cost of apparel or object] See citation for Denver in Figure 2 Choosing ENERGY STAR® qualified windows over double ...Enough money to enjoy [ice cream cones, hot cocoas, or local treats] Utility dollar savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r [cost of treat] See citation for Philadelphia in Figure 2 pane, clear glass when installing windows in new construction in the ...Enough money to play rounds of golf at [local course] Utility dollar savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r [cost of round] See citation for Phoenix in Figure 2 typical home will save each year... ...Enough money to commute for (months) Utility dollar savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r [average cost of month's commute] See citation for Boston in Figure 2 ...Enough money to take a day trip to [exotic, warm, snowy place or national park] Utility dollar savings from Tables 1, 2, 3 ¦r [cost of trip] See citation for San Francisco in Figure 2 Note: Be careful to follow these guidelines when using and generating factoids. Check state and local building codes to ensure that double pane, clear glass windows are code compliant and a legitimate alternative in that jurisdiction. COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 8 ------- METHODOLOGY The cost and energy savings estimates have as their base cost and energy calculations performed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) using RESFEN 3.1 for a typical home in 93 U.S. cities. RESFEN, uses a DOE 2.1E calculation engine and is the standard software program used for calculating the impact of windows on heating and cooling costs for residential new construction or existing housing stock. The typical home is defined as the RESFEN default home—a 2,000 square foot, single story, detached house with 300 square feet of window area (15% of floor area), gas heat and electric air conditioning with RESFEN default operational assumptions.16 Representative windows were selected from the RESFEN window library. For ENERGY STAR qualified windows, types were selected for each city based on the city's ENERGY STAR climate zone (Northern, North/Central, South/Central, Southern). For single pane windows, types from the library closest to the dominant type reported in the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 1997 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS 97) were selected—wood/vinyl frame for the Northeast and Midwest census regions and aluminum frame for the West and South census regions. For typical alternative windows, double pane, clear glass windows were selected from the library with wood/vinyl frames for the Northern, North/Central, and South/Central climate zones and aluminum frames for the Southern climate zone. Where more than one library window qualified, the window that generated the lowest (most conservative) savings estimates was selected. Regional population-weighted savings estimates were created by first setting performance for each U.S. county equal to the performance of the nearest RESFEN city with a similar climate as defined by the climate zones in the Residential International Conservation Code (RICC) code change proposal. ENERGY STAR climate zones are based on RICC climate zones and the RICC code change proposal was adopted into the 2004 Supplement to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code. U.S. Census 2000 county level population data were then used in combination with this data setto calculate regional population-weighted averages. All calculations used August 2004 EIA electric and gas utility prices for the corresponding state. Hawaii was excluded from this analysis as RESFEN operational assumptions applied in the base data set diverge significantly from the norm in Hawaii and generated unrealistic savings estimates. Cost savings were rounded to the nearest multiple of five and energy savings were rounded to the nearest 100,000 Btu to reflect their characterization as estimates. FOR MORE For more information on cost and energy savings from ENERGY STAR qualified INFORMATION windows, visit the ENERGY STAR Web site, www.energystar.gov/windows, or email windows@energystar.gov. COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 9 ------- END NOTES 1A software program developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for calculating the heating and cooling impacts of windows in residential buildings for climates throughout the U.S. using a version of the DOE 2.1E building energy calculation engine (http://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen/default.htm). 2The American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) and Window and Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA) industry market studies classify geographical data by modified U.S. census divisions; that organizational scheme is maintained here with the exception of Hawaii (see Methodology). 3 Btu savings account for home heating and cooling savings, based on gas heat and electric air conditioning. 4These cities were included in the data set provided by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 5 Anomalies such as negative savings (costs) occur when the cooling energy savings from ENERGY STAR qualified windows are less than the heating energy penalty, resulting in slightly greater average energy use than double clear windows. 6 Negative energy savings (increased energy use) and positive dollar savings occur simultaneously because electric cooling cD of electricity outweigh the increased heating costs leading to overall monetary savings. Seattle energy savings relative to single pane = 28 million Btu, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single stD savings will vary by home characteristics. Energy to brew one cup of coffee = 70 Btu. Chicago cost savings relative to single pane = $285, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Cubs ticket = $19. Boston cost savings relative to single pane = $335, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached housD by home characteristics. T rail = $1,25/trip, newspaper = $0.35. Philadelphia cost savings relative to single pane = $285, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Cheese steak sandwich = $6. Atlanta energy savings relative to single pane = 17 million Btu, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Gas water heating, shower = 8.2 minutes, water flow = 2.2 gpm,0.67 showers/day. Miami energy savings relative to single pane = 6.3 million Btu, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Average ENERGY STAR qualified standard refrigerator = 442 kWh/year. Denver cost savings relative to single pane = $305, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Adult ski hat = $20, adult ski gloves = $55, youth ski hat = $15, youth ski gloves = $20. Phoenix cost savings relative to single pane = $275, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Golf (in season) = $90. San Francisco cost savings relative to single pane = $120, based on average annual energy use for a 2,000 sq. ft., single story, detached house with 15% glazing, gas heat and electric air conditioning. Estimates use state average utility rates. Actual savings will vary by home characteristics. Park entrance fee = $20. Camping = $18/night. 16Modeling assumptions are described in the RESFEN 3.1 Manual (http://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen/resfen31.pdf). COST & ENERGY SAVINGS: National, Regional, and City Estimates, Factoids, and Their Use PAGE 10 ------- |