TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before comp!
1. REPORT NO.
EPA/600/R-92/02?
2.
*
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Asbestos Concentrations Two
Seventeen Schools
Years After Abatement in
5. REPORT DATE
M?.rch 19Q2
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORSSI
John R. Kominsky, Ronald W.
and Donald R. Gerber
Freyberg, Jaifles
A. Brownlee,
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
International Technology Corporation
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11499 Chester Road
Cincinnati, OH 45246
11. CO NT RACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No.:
68-C0-0016
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADORESS
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
finrinnati. Dhin
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Reoort and Summary
14. SPONSORING AGENCY cooe
EPA/600/14
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project Officer: Thomas J
FTS: 684-7550
Powers Comm: 513-569-7550
16. ABSTRACT
Airborne asbestos concentrations were measured at 17 schools that underwent an asbestos
abatement 2 years before in 1988 These 17 schools, which involved 20 abatement sites,
were part of a study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) in 1988. The 1988 study showed that asbestos
concentrations measured independently by the NJDOH and EPA during the clearance phase of
the abatement were elevated in the abatement and perimeter areas compared with outdoor
concentrations. The present study was conducted to determine the current levels of
airborne asbestos under simulated occupancy conditions and to determine whether the
elevated levels found during the clearance phase were still present 2 years after
abatement. In 1990, four sites showed significantly higher mean asbestos concentrations
inside the building (i.et, the previously abated area and/or perimeter area} compared
with those outdoors (p<0.05). In 1990, the mean asbestos concentration measured in the
perimeter area at one site and in the previously abated area at two sites were
significantly higher than those in 1988 (p<0.05). Variations in asbestos levels between
1988 and 1990 may be due to sampling techniques (passive and aggressive versus modified
aggressive), residual air-entrainable asbestos from the 1988 abatement, or air-
entrainable asbestos from operations and maintenance activities since 1988.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
e. COSATi Field/Group
1) Asbestos
2) AHERA Clearance
1) Mineral Fibers
2) Building Atmosphere
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19, SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO OF PAGES
39
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
20. SECURITY CLASS (This pagei
Unclassified
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (Rซv. 477} previous C
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68-C0-0016 to IT Environ-
mental Programs, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Technology
Corporation). It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative
review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of
trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recom-
mendation for use.
i i
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FOREWORD
Today's rapidly developing and changing technologies and industrial
products and practices frequently carry with them the increased generation of
materials that, if improperly dealt with, can threaten both public health and the
environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by
Congress with protecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a
mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and
implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and
the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. These laws direct the
EPA to perform research to define our environmental problems, to measure the
impacts, and to search for solutions.
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is responsible for planning,
implementing, and managing research, development, and demonstration programs
to provide an authoritative, defensible engineering basis in support of the policies,
programs, and regulations of the EPA with respect to drinking water, wastewater,
pesticides, toxic substances, solid and hazardous wastes, and Superfund-related
activities. This publication is one of the products of that research and provides a
vital communication link between the researcher and the user community.
This report provides information on airborne asbestos concentrations
measured two years after asbestos-abatement at 17 schools in New Jersey. Air
monitoring was conducted under modified aggressive sampling conditions to
simulate normal building activity.
E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
i i i
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ABSTRACT
Airborne asbestos concentrations were measured at 17 schools that under-
went an asbestos abatement 2 yr before in 1988. These 17 schools, which in-
volved 20 abatement sites, were part of a study conducted by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) and the New Jersey Department of Health
(NJDOH) in 1988. The 1988 study showed that asbestos concentrations
measured independently by the NJDOH and EPA during the clearance phase of the
abatement were elevated in the abatement and perimeter areas compared with
outdoor concentrations. The present study was conducted to determine the cur-
rent levels of airborne asbestos under simulated occupancy conditions and to
determine whether the elevated levels found during the clearance phase were still
present 2 yr after abatement. In 1990, three sites showed significantly higher
mean asbestos concentrations inside the building (i.e., the previously abated area
and/or perimeter area) compared with those outdoors (p<0.05). In 1990, the
mean asbestos concentration measured in the perimeter area at one site ard in the
previously abated area at two sites were significantly higher than those in 1988
(p<0.05). Variations in asbestos levels between 1988 and 1990 may be due to
sampling techniques (i.e., passive and aggressive versus modified aggressive),
residual air-entrainable asbestos from the 1988 abatement, or air-entrainable as-
bestos from operations and maintenance activities since 1988.
IT Environmental Programs, Inc., submitted this report to the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in fulfillment of
Contract No. 68-C0-0016. The report covers the period December 7, 1990
through September 30, 1991, and work was completed as of September 15,
1991.
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CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Figures vi
Tables vii
Acknowledgments viii
1. Introduction 1
Background 1
Objectives 1
2. Conclusions and Recommendations 2
Conclusions 2
Recommendations 2
3. Study Design and Methods 3
Site Documentation 3
Air Sampling Strategy 3
Sampling Methodology 5
Analytical Methodology 5
Statistical Analysis 5
4. Quality Assurance 7
Sample Chain-of-Custody 7
Sample Analyses 7
5. Results and Discussion 11
Site Descriptions 11
Airborne Asbestos Levels Measured in 1990 11
Comparison of 1988 and 1990 Airborne Asbestos Levels 16
References 22
Appendix Individual Estimates of Airborne Asbestos Concentration 23
Measured Two Years After Abatement (1990) at 20 Sites
v
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Comparison of Postabatement (1988) Work Area 19
Concentrations With Work Area Concentrations Two Years
After Abatement (1990)
2 Comparison of Postabatement (1988) Perimeter 20
Concentrations With Perimeter Concentrations Two
Years After Abatement (1990)
vi
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TABLES
Number Page
1 Number of Area Air Samples Collected at Each Site 4
2 Data Summary for Recount Analyses 9
3 Data Summary for Duplicate Analyses 10
4 Post-1988 Abatement History and Remaining Asbestos- 12
Containing Material at the 20 Sites
5 Descriptive Statistics for Airborne Asbestos 13
Concentrations Measured Two Years After Abatement
(1990) at 20 Sites
6 Asbestos Structure Distributions of Samples 17
Collected Two Years After Abatement (1990) at 20 Sites
7 Data Summary of Asbestos Structure Lengths of Samples 17
Collected Two Years After Abatement (1990) at 20 Sites
8 Mean Concentrations of Airborne Asbestos Measured in 18
1988 and 1990 at 20 Sites
vi i
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for EPA's office of Research and Development,
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-C0-0016.
Thomas J. Powers served as the EPA Technical Project Monitor. The ad-
ministrative efforts and support given by Roger C. Wilmoth and Bruce A. Hollett of
EPA's Office of Research and Development are greatly appreciated.
Review comments and suggestions were provided by Bruce A. Hollett, Wil-
liam C. Cain, and Marshall Dick of EPA's Office of Research and Development and
Kin Wong, Ph.D., of EPA's Office of Toxic Substances.
John R. Kominsky and Ronald W. Freyberg of IT Environmental Programs,
Inc., and James A. Brownlee and Donald R. Gerber of Environmental Health Ser-
vice (formerly the Asbestos Control Service), New Jersey Department of Health,
were the principal authors. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the staff of
the Environmental Health Service, New Jersey Department of Health, for their
contributions and assistance. The authors acknowledge the Public Health and
Environmental Laboratories of the New Jersey Department of Health for performing
the transmission electron microscopy analyses of the field samples.
v i i i
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Background
In 1988, the Asbestos Control Service of the New Jersey Department of
Health (ACS-NJDOH) and the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a cooperative study to document
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) clearance air-sampling prac-
tices and final clearance concentrations of asbestos at 20 abatement projects in
New Jersey.1 The 20 abatement projects involved 17 different schools. The
results of this study revealed discrepancies between AHERA clearance results
reported by the Asbestos Safety Control Monitoring firms employed by the building
owner and those reported independently by the ACS-NJDOH and EPA-RREl.2 Ten
of the 20 sites would not have passed the AHERA clearance test had the ACS-
NJDOH and EPA-RREL clearance data been used. The 1988 study further iden-
tified cases in which elevated levels of asbestos in the perimeter areas outside the
work site but inside the building would have allowed the site to pass the AHERA
clearance test had the perimeter concentrations been substituted for outdoor
values as allowed by AHERA.
These findings prompted a concern by ACS-NJDOH and EPA-RREL regarding
the contamination levels of asbestos that may be present in the 17 schools 2 yr
after abatement. Therefore, a followup study was conducted during the summer
of 1990 to determine the airborne asbestos concentrations in these 17 schools
under simulated occupancy conditions.
Objectives
The primary objectives of this study were as follows;
To determine the airborne asbestos levels under simulated occupancy
conditions in 17 schools that underwent abatement in 1988.
To determine whether the airborne asbestos levels measured in 1990
are significantly different from the AHERA clearance levels measured
in 1988 at the 17 schools.
1
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SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
The following are the principal conclusions reached during this study:
Four of the 20 sites sampled in 1990 under simulated occupancy con-
ditions showed significantly higher airborne asbestos concentrations in
the previously abated area and/or perimeter area than outdoors. None
of the four sites underwent an asbestos abatement action after 1988,
and the asbestos-containing material remaining in the sites was
primarily resilient floor tile.
Three of the 20 sites showed significantly higher airborne asbestos
concentrations in the previously abated area and/or perimeter area in
1990 than in 1988. Variations in asbestos levels between 1988 and
1990 may be due to sampling techniques, residual air-entrainable as-
bestos from the 1988 abatement action, or air-entrainable asbestos
from operations and maintenance activities since 1988.
Recommendations
Although these data provide valuable information regarding the
residual levels of asbestos under simulated conditions of occupancy
2 yr after abatement, they may not be representative of con-
centrations measured during actual conditions of occupancy. Fol-
lowup air monitoring should be conducted to determine their represen-
tativeness. The results of this sampling may help to direct future
research efforts aimed at characterizing the effectiveness of asbestos
abatement programs and at evaluating the need for EPA guidance on
postabatement management practices.
The four sites showing elevated asbestos concentrations should be
evaluated to determine the sources of asbestos and to identify ap-
propriate corrective measures.
2
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SECTION 3
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
This study was conducted at the same 17 schools that were involved with
the 1988 ACS-NJDOH and EPA-RREL study that documented AHERA air
monitoring practices and final clearance concentrations of airborne asbestos.1 The
17 schools involved 20 abatement sites. Access to each school was coordinated
directly by ACS-NJDOH. Area airborne asbestos concentrations were measured at
each site in the same three areas as in the previous study: 1) previously abated
area, 2) perimeter (outside the abated area but inside the building), and 3) out-
doors. It was recognized that true abatement and perimeter areas could not be
separated because the containment barriers present during the 1988 abatement
have been removed. It was also recognized that in the interim since 1988, other
sources (e.g., routine maintenance of asbestos-containing resilient floor tile) may
have contributed to the current :oncentrations of airborne asbestos.
Site Documentation
For each of the 17 sites, the ACS-NJDOH documented the history of the
abatement activities between 1988 and 1990 and operations and maintenance
(O&M) activities on any remaining asbestos-containing materia! (ACM) in the
previously abated area and perimeter area. This information was obtained from
abatement notices (N.J.A.C. 8:60-7), AHERA management plans, and information
provided by the designated person and/or school officials.
Air Sampling Strategy
At each site, five area air samples were collected in each of three areas: 1)
the previously abated work area, 2) the perimeter area (outside the previously
abated work area but inside the building), and 3) outdoors. Table 1 shows the
number of air samples collected. The air samples were collected at approximately
the same locations as those collected during the 1988 study. In addition to the
area air samples, three quality assurance samples (one closed and two open field
blanks) were collected at each school.
3
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TABLE 1. NUMBER OF AREA AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED AT EACH SITE
Number of samples and location
Previously
Site
abated area
Perimeter
Outdoors
A
5
5
5
B
5
5
5
C
5
5
5
D
5
5
5
E
5
5
5
F
5
5
5
G
5
5
5
H
5
5
5
I
5
5
5
J
5
5
5
K
5
5
5
L
5
5
5
M
5
5
(5)'
N
5
5
(5)b
0
5"
5
5
P
5
5
5
Q
5
(5)c
(5)c
R
5
5
5
S
5
5
5
T
5
5
5
Total samples
100
95
85
8 Same samples as collected at Site C (i.e., Site M was the second abatement project
at this school.)
b Same samples as collected at Site K (i.e., Site N was the second abatement project
at this school.)
c Same samples as collected at Site B (i.e., Site Q was the second abatement project
at this school.)
4
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Air sampling in the previously abated work area and the perimeter area was
conducted in accordance with a modified aggressive sampling protocol designed to
simulate normal building activity. The protocol involved sweeping only the floors
with the exhaust of a 1-hp leaf blower at a rate of 5 minutes per 1,000 ft2 of floor
space. One stationary fan (18-in. diameter, axial flow) per 10,000 ft3 was
positioned with the air directed toward the ceiling to maintain air movement during
sampling.
Sampling Methodology
Air samples were collected on open-face, 25-mm diameter, 0.45-j/m-pore-
size, mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane filters with a 5-//m pore-size, MCE,
backup diffusing filter and cellulose support pad contained in a three-piece
cassette, The filter cassettes were positioned approximately 5 ft above the floor
on tripods, with the filter face at approximately a 45-degree angle toward the floor.
The filter assembly was attached to a 1/6-hp electric-powered vacuum pump
operating at a flow rate of approximately 9 L/min. Air volumes ranged from 975 to
1545 L. At the end of the sampling period, the filters were turned upright before
being disconnected from the vacuum pump and then stored in this position. The
sampling pumps were calibrated with a calibrated precision rotameter both before
and after sampling.
Analytical Methodology
The MCE filters were prepared and analyzed in accordance with the nonman-
datory transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method, as described in the AHERA
final rule (40 CFR 763). A sufficient number of grid openings were analyzed for
each sample to ensure a sensitivity (the concentration represented by a single
structure) of no greater than 0.005 asbestos structure per cubic centimeter (s/cm3)
of air sampled. In addition to the requirements of the nonmandatory TEM method,
the specific length and width of each structure were measured and recorded. The
Public Health and Environmental Laboratories of the New Jersey Department of
Health performed the TEM analyses on the field samples under a separate
cooperative agreement with EPA-RREL.
Statistical Analysis
All estimated concentrations were based on the number of asbestos struc-
tures counted. If no asbestos structures were counted in a sample, that sample
was assigned an estimated concentration of 0 s/cm3. Results of the quality as-
surance sample analyses were not included in the statistical analysis of these data.
-------
Airborne asbestos concentrations measured in each of the three sampling
locations were characterized by use of descriptive statistics. Because the 20 sites
were likely to differ in their abatement history and status with respect to the
presence of asbestos-containing material, each site was considered separately.
The descriptive statistics included the arithmetic mean and standard deviation,
minimum and maximum concentration, and sample size.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences between
concentrations measured in the previously abated work area, perimeter area, and
outdoors at each site. When overall differences were detected among the three
sampling locations, the Tukey multiple comparison procedure was used to evaluate
the pairwise differences. A student's t-test was used to compare airborne asbes-
tos concentrations measured in 1988 with those measured in 1990. The transfor-
mation ln(x + 0.002), where x is the measured airborne asbestos concentration,
was applied to each measurement before the ANOVA or t-test was performed.
The transformation was used to make variances more equal and to provide data
that are better approximated by a normal distribution. The constant 0.002, a value
chosen to be smaller than the majority of analytical sensitivities, was used because
some zero values were present. The transformation was used only for the ANOVA
and t-test; it was not used for any other part of the data analysis (e.g., plots or
descriptive statistics).
6
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SECTION 4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Sample Chain-Of-Custody
During the study, sample chain-of-custody procedures were an integral part
of both the sampling and analytical activities and were followed for all air samples
collected. The field custody procedures documented each sample from the time of
its collection until its receipt by the analytical laboratory. Internal laboratory
records then documented the custody of the sample through its final disposition,
Standard sample chain-of-custody procedures were used. Each sample was
labeled with a unique project identification number, which was recorded on a
sample data sheet along with other information, such as sampling date, location of
the sampler, sampling flow rate, sampling start/stop time, and conditions of
sampling.
Sample Analysis
Specific quality assurance procedures outlined in the AHERA rule were used
to ensure the precision of the collection and analysis of air samples, including filter
lot blanks, open and closed field blanks, and repeated sample analyses.
Filter lot blanks, which are samples selected at random from the lot of filters
used in this study, were analyzed to determine background asbestos contamination
on the filters. Two laboratories each analyzed 2.5 percent of the total number of
filters {2000 filters) from the lot of filters used in this research study. The filters
were prepared and analyzed in accordance with the nonmandatory AHERA TEM
method. The TEM analysis of the 100 mixed cellulose ester filters showed a back-
ground contamination level of 0 asbestos structures per 10 grid openings on each
filter.
Open field blanks are filter cassettes that have been transported to the
sampling site, opened for a short time (<30 sec) without air having passed
through the filter, and then sent to the laboratory. Closed field blanks are filter
cassettes that have been transported to the sampling site and sent to the
laboratory without being opened. Two open and one closed field blank were col-
7
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lected at each school. Ten grid openings were examined on each filter. No asbes-
tos structures were detected on any of the open or closed field blanks.
The reproducibility and precision of the TEM analyses were determined by an
evaluation of repeated analyses of randomly selected samples. Repeated analysis
included recount analyses and duplicate analyses. A recount analysis was per-
formed on 10 percent of the samples analyzed to assess the precision of the coun-
ting abilities of the microscopist. A recount analysis is a second analysis of the
same field(s) performed by the same microscopist as the original analysis. The
microscopist uses the same grid preparation and recounts the same grid openings
as originally read. The results of the recount analyses are shown in Table 2. A
duplicate sample analysis was performed on 10 percent of the samples analyzed to
assess the reproducibility of the TEM analysis and to quantify any analytical
variability resulting from the filter preparation procedure. A duplicate analysis is
the analysis of a second TEM grid prepared from a different area of the sample
filter but analyzed by the same microscopist who performed the original analysis.
The results of the duplicate analyses are shown in Table 3.
The coefficient of variation (CV) for the recount and duplicate analyses were
estimated by assuming a lognormal distribution for the data on the original scale
and estimating the variance on the log scale. The variance was estimated by the
mean square error obtained from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the
log-transformed data with the sample identification number as the main factor.
The transformation ln(x + 0.002), where x is the measured airborne asbestos con-
centration, was applied to each measurement before the ANOVA was performed.
The constant 0.002, a value chosen to be smaller than the minimum analytical
sensitivity, was used because many zero values were present. The coefficient of
variation associated with the recount and duplicate analyses were 0 and 51 per-
cent, respectively. Because the duplicate analyses used different filter
preparations, a higher CV is not unexpected.
8
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TABLE 2. DATA SUMMARY FOR RECOUNT ANALYSES6
Sample No.
Original analysis
Recount analysis
Nb
s/cm3
N
s/cm3
B-10-P
0
0
0
0
B-15-A
4
0.022
4
0.022
C-06-P
0
0
0
0
D-02-O
0
0
0
0
D-07-P
0
0
0
0
E-04-O
0
0
0
0
E-08-P
2
0.010
2
0.010
E-12-A
1
0.005
1
0.005
F-03-O
0
0
0
0
F-15-A
1
0.005
1
0.005
G-04-O
0
0
0
0
G-10-P
0
0
0
0
H-08-P
0
0
0
0
1-11-A
0
0
0
0
J-01-O
0
0
0
0
J-07-P
1
0.005
1
0.005
J-11-A
0
0
0
0
K-08-P
1
0.005
1
0.005
L-15-A
0
0
0
0
M-13-A
0
0
0
0
N-03-O
0
0
0
0
N-07-P
0
0
0
0
0-02-0
0
0
0
0
O-07-P
1
0.005
1
0.005
P-01-O
0
0
0
0
P-13-A
0
0
0
0
R-08-P
3
0.015
3
0.015
S-03-O
0
0
0
0
S-11-A
3
0.014
3
0.014
T-1Q-P
0
0
0
0
T-15-A
0
0
0
0
a The same grid openings were recounted by the same microscopist.
b Number of asbestos structures.
9
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TABLE 3. DATA SUMMARY FOR DUPLICATE ANALYSES"
Sample No.
Original analysis
Duplicate analysis
Nb
s/cm3
N
s/cm3
A-08-P
0
0
0
0
B-04-0
0
0
0
0
B-08-P
2
0.010
0
0
B-11-A
4
0.022
5
0.027
C-04-O
0
0
0
0
C-15-A
0
0
0
0
D-11-A
0
0
0
0
E-14-A
0
0
0
0
F-08-P
0
0
0
0
G-08-P
0
0
0
0
G-14-A
0
0
1
0.005
H-01-O
0
0
0
0
H-12-A
0
0
0
0
I-03-0
1
0.005
1
0.005
I-07-P
0
0
0
0
J-10-P
0
0
2
0.010
K-13-A
0
0
0
0
L-05-O
0
0
0
0
L-06-P
0
0
0
0
M-06-P
0
0
0
0
N-11-A
0
0
0
0
0-12-A
1
0.005
1
0.005
P-03-O
0
0
0
0
P-08-P
0
0
0
0
Q-15-A
2
0.010
2
0.010
R-04-O
0
0
3
0.016
R-09-P
5
0.027
5
0.027
R-11-A
0
0
0
0
S-07-P
1
0.005
0
0
T-04-O
1
0.005
0
0
T-06-P
0
0
0
0
tt A duplicate analysis is the analysis of a second TEM grid preparation by the same
microscopist.
b Number of asbestos structures.
10
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SECTION 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Site Descriptions
Table 4 presents the postabatement history and the remaining ACM at the
20 sites. Post-1988 abatement occurred at 1 (Site 0) of the 20 sites in the
previously abated area and at 5 (Sites A, D, K, L, and N) of the 20 sites in the
perimeter area. Table 4 lists the types of ACM that were abated after 1988. At
14 sites, ACM is still present in the previously abated areas; at 18 sites, ACM is
still present in the perimeter areas. At the 18 sites, resilient floor tile accounts for
a major portion of the remaining ACM.
Airborne Asbestos Levels Measured in 1990
Table 5 presents descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation,
and range) for the airborne asbestos concentrations measured at the 20 sites.
Individual estimates of the airborne asbestos concentrations at each of the 20 sites
are presented in Appendix A.
Statistically significant differences between the three sampling locations
(i.e., previously abated area, perimeter, and outdoors) were detected at 4 of the 20
sites. The average concentration in the previously abated area at Site B (0.015
s/cm3) was significantly higher (P <0.05) than the average outdoor concentration
(0.001 s/cm3). Sites J and K showed average perimeter concentrations (0.003
and 0.007 s/cm3, respectively) significantly higher (p<0.05) than both the average
concentration in the previously abated area (0 s/cm3 at both sites) and the average
outdoor concentration (0 and 0.001 s/cm3, respectively). The average con-
centration in the previously abated area at Site R (0 s/cm3) was significantly
(p<0.05) less than both the average perimeter concentration (0.011 s/cm3) and
the average outdoor concentration (0.013 s/cm3). In all other cases the numerical
differences were not statistically significant.
11
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TABLE 4. POST-1988 ABATEMENT HISTORY AND REMAINING ASBESTOS-
CONTAINING MATERIAL (ACM) AT THE 20 SITES
Abatement after 1988
Remaining ACM
Abatement
Perimeter
Material
Abatement
Perimeter
Site
area
area
abated8
area
area
A
No
Yes
AP, PB-TSI
FT
FT
B
No
No
-
FT
FT
C
No
No
-
None
None
D
No
Yes
PB-TSI
CEM-TSI
CEM, TSI, FT
E
No
No
-
FT
FT
F
No
No
-
None
FT
G
No
No
-
None
FT
H
No
No
-
FT
FT, AP
1
No
No
-
None
FT
J
NO
No
-
CEM-TSI
FT
K
No
No
-
None
FT
L
No
Yes
FT, TR
FT, TR
FT
M
No
No
-
None
None
N
No
Yes
AP
None
FT
0
Yes
No
CEM-TSI
TR
FT
P
No
No
-
FT
FT
Q
No
No
-
FT
FT
R
No
No
-
FT
FT
S
No
No
-
FT
FT
T
No
No
-
None
FT, CT
a AP = Acoustical Plaster
PB-TSI = Preformed Block Thermal System Insulation
FT = Floor Tile
CEM-TSI = Cementitious Thermal System Insulation
TR = Transite
CT = Ceiling Tile
12
-------
TABLE 5. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR AIRBORNE ASBESTOS
CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED TWO YEARS AFTER ABATEMENT
(1990) AT 20 SITES
Asbestos concentration, s/cm3
(N = 5)
Standard
Sample location
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
deviation
Site A
Previously abated area
0.007
0
0.028
0.012
Perimeter
0.011
0
0.038
0.017
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site B
Previously abated area
0.015
0.005
0.022
0.007
Perimeter
0.010
0
0.040
0.017
Outdoors
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Site C
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site D
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site E
Previously abated area
0.004
0
0.011
0.004
Perimeter
0.006
0
0.016
0.006
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site F
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.005
0
0.024
0.011
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site G
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Outdoors
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
13
-------
TABLE 5 (continued)
Asbestos concentration, s/cm3
(N = 5)
Standard 1
Sample location
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
deviation f
Site H I
Previously abated area
0
0
0
0
Perimeter
0
0
0
0
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site 1
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.011
0
0.056
0.025
Outdoors
0.001
0
0.005
0.005
Site J
Previously abated area
0
0
0
0
Perimeter
0.003
0
0.005
0.003
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site K
Previously abated area
0
0
0
0
Perimeter
0.008
0.005
0.010
0.003
Outdoors
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Site L
Previously abated area
0.002
0
0.010
0.005
Perimeter
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site M
Previously abated area
0
0
0
0
Perimeter
0
0
0
0
Outdoors8
0
0
0
0
Site N
Previously abated area
0.007
0
0.031
0.013
Perimeter
0.004
0
0.011
0.006
Outdoors15
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
14
-------
TABLE 5 (continued)
Asbestos concentration, s/cm3
(N = 5)
Standard
Sample location
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
deviation
Site 0
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.018
0
0.086
0.038
Outdoors
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Site P
Previously abated area
0.005
0
0.025
0.011
Perimeter
0
0
0
0
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
Site Q
Previously abated area
0.019
0
0.040
0.016
Perimeterฎ
0.010
0
0.040
0.017
Outdoors0
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Site R
Previously abated area
0
0
0
0
Perimeter
0.011
0
0.027
0.010
Outdoors
0.013
0
0.038
0.015
Site S
Previously abated area
0.003
0
0.014
0.006
Perimeter
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Outdoors
0
0
0
0
SiteT
Previously abated area
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Perimeter
0.001
0
0.005
0.002
Outdoors
0.005
0
0.015
0.006
a Same samples as collected at Site C (i.e., Site M was the second abatement project
at this school).
b Same samples as collected at Site K (i.e., Site N was the second abatement project
at this school).
c Same samples as collected at Site B (i.e., Site Q was the second abatement project
at this school).
15
-------
Structure and Morphology and Length Distributions of 1990 Samples
The TEM analysis of 100 samples collected in the previously abated area, 95
samples collected in the perimeter area, and 85 samples collected outdoors yielded
a total of 196 asbestos structures. Of these, 95 percent were chrysotile and 5
percent were amphibole. Table 6 presents a summary of the structure morphology
distribu-tion, and Table 7 presents the summary statistics for the overall lengths of
asbestos structures observed on samples collected at the 20 sites. Approximately
85 percent of the structures observed on the samples collected in the previously
abated area and 95 percent of the structures observed on the perimeter area
samples were less than 5 pm in length. Ninety-two percent of the asbestos struc-
tures observed on the outdoor samples were less than 5 //m in length.
Comparison of 1988 and 1990 Airborne Asbestos Levels
Table 8 presents the mean arithmetic concentrations of airborne asbestos
measured in the previously abated area, perimeter area, and outdoors in 1988 and
1990. Figure 1 presents a comparison of mean work area concentrations
measured in 1988 and 1990; Figure 2 presents a like comparison of mean
perimeter concentrations. The diagonal line in each figure represents con-
centrations that were the same for both sampling locations. Sites that fall above
the line indicate that concentrations, on the average, were higher in the sampling
location represented on the vertical axis. Similarly, sites falling below the line in-
dicate that concentrations, on the average, were higher in the sampling location
represented on the horizontal axis.
Abatement Area
Three sites (Sites A, E, and I) showed higher mean asbestos concentrations
in 1990; the increase was statistically significant (p<0.05) at Site E. Sixteen sites
(Sites B - D, F - H, J - 0, and Q - T) showed lower mean asbestos concentrations
in 1990; the decrease was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 11 sites (Sites C, D,
F, H, K - 0, Q, and T). The asbestos concentration at one site (Site P) did not
change.
Perimeter Area
Nine sites (Sites A, B, E, F, I, J, N, 0, and R) showed higher mean asbestos
concentrations in 1990; the increase was statistically significant (p<0.05) at Sites
E and R. As noted in the preceding subsection, Site E also showed a statistically
significant increase in the asbestos concentration in the abatement area. Eleven
sites (Sites C, D, G, H, K, L. M, P, Q, S, and T) showed a lower mean asbestos
16
-------
TABLE 6. ASBESTOS STRUCTURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLES
COLLECTED TWO YEARS AFTER ABATEMENT (1990) AT 20 SITES
Sample location
Type of asbestos
a
Structure morphology
Chrysotile
Amphibole
Total
Fibers
Bundles
Clusters
Matrices
Total
Previously abated
60
8
68
51
5
4
8
68
area
103
1
104
80
1
14
9
104
Perimeter
24
0
24
16
3
1
4
24
Outdoors
Total
187
9
196
147
9
19
21
196
a Entries represent total number of asbestos structures.
TABLE 7. DATA SUMMARY OF ASBESTOS STRUCTURE LENGTHS OF SAMPLES
COLLECTED TWO YEARS AFTER ABATEMENT (1990) AT 20 SITES
Sample location
Na
Structure length, jim
Mean
Minimum
Median
Maximum
Previously abated area
68
3.24
0.59
1.21
49.4
Perimeter
104
1.87
0.59
1.18
16.47
Outdoors
24
2.48
0.71
1.97
7.06
a Total number of asbestos structures.
-------
TABLE 8. MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS
MEASURED IN 1988 AND 1990 AT 20 SITES
Site
Mean asbestos concentration, s/cm3
Abatement area
Perimeter
Outdoors |
1988
1990
1988
1990
1988
1990
A
0.002
0.007
0.001
0.011
0
0
B
0.016
0.015
0.008
0.010
0.001
0.001
C
0.060
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.004
0
D
0.079
0.001
0.062
0.001
0.052
0
E
0
0.004
0
0.006
0
0
F
0.024
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.001
0
G
0.007
0.001
0.010
0.001
0
0.001
H
0.016
0
0.062
0
0.003
0
1
0
0.001
0
0.011
0.006
0.001
J
0.004
0
0.001
0.003
0.001
0
K
0.063
0
0.008
0.007
0
0.001
L
0.118
0.002
0.060
0.001
0.004
0
M
0.322
0
0.002
0
0.002
0
N
0.100
0.007
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.001
0
0.004
0.001
0.003
0.018
0.001
0.001
P
0.005
0.005
0.007
0
0.003
0
Q
0.099
0.019
0.055
0.010
0.007
0.001
R
0.002
0
0
0.011
0
0.013
S
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.001
0
0
T
0.049
0.001
0.030
0.001
0.015
0.005
18
-------
0.35
c
o
2
ฃ
0.30
0.25
0 .20
ฆ6
1
| 0.15
2
ฃ 0.10
a>
cn
a>
>
^ 0.05
0.00
0.35
M
D
K C
T
F
H
Rj-?0 '
0.000
Each letter In the graph
Indicates the site label.
N
The diagonal line represents
concentrattone that were the
same In 1988 and 1990.
CO
83
0.30 >
0)
(O
?
0.10 ง
1
o'
=>
0.15
0.05
0.00
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
1990 Average Concentration in the Previously Abated Work Area, s/cm
0.025
3
0.030
Figure 1. Comparison of postabatement (1988) work area concentrations
with work area concentrations two years after abatement (1990)
-------
0.07
E
.o
tn
S
<3
0.06
0.05
!5
| 0.04
S
CL
ฆe
ฉ
E 0.03
a. 0.02
0
CD
CO
CP
1 0.01
0.00
H D
L
0.000
Each letter in the graph
indicates the site label.
.K--
B
I
A
R
i 1 i 1 t i r~
0.005
The diagonal line represents
concentrations that were the
same in 1988 and 1990.
0.010
r i 1 i i i r
0.015
0.020
-1r
0 025
1990 Average Perimeter Concentration, s/cm'
Figure 2. Comparison of postabatement (1988) perimeter concentrations
with perimeter concentrations two years after abatement (1990)
-------
concentration in 1990; the decrease was statistically significant (p <0.05) at six
sites (Sites D, H, L, P, R, and T).
The reasons for the variation in asbestos concentrations between 1988 and
1990 are not discernible. The decrease in asbestos concentrations in the
previously abated area may be due to the reduction of air-entrainable asbestos or
to the sampling technique.3 Regarding the latter, the 1988 measurements were
made under aggressive sampling conditions during the AHERA clearance phase of
the abatement, whereas the 1990 measurements were made under less aggressive
sampling conditions. The increase in asbestos concentrations measured at Site E
in 1990 may be due to maintenance activities {such as buffing and stripping of the
resilient floor tile) rather than the sampling technique. Subsequent to the 1988
abatement, which involved the removal of asbestos-containing suspended ceiling
panels, Site E did not undergo any abatement. The building contains no ACM
other than the resilient floor tile (Table 4).
The increase in asbestos concentrations in the perimeter areas in 1990 may
be due to the presence of residual asbestos-containing dust resulting from the
1988 abatement action or subsequent operations and maintenance activities (e.g.,
maintenance activities on resilient floor tile) or to some nontypical simulated ac-
tivity. If the asbestos-containing dust was present in 1988, the passive sampling
protocol used may not have been adequate to reentrain the asbestos into the air.
Conversely, a decrease in concentration at some sites suggests that air-entrainable
asbestos was not as prevalent.
21
-------
REFERENCES
1. Kominsky, J. R., R. W. Freyberg, J, A. Brownlee, D. R. Gerber, and J. H.
Lucas. Observational Study of Final Cleaning and AHERA Clearance
Sampling. EPA/600/S2-89/047, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio, January 1990.
2. Kominsky, J. R., R. W. Freyberg, J. A. Brownlee, and D. R. Gerber. AHERA
Clearance at Twenty Abatement Sites. Final Report. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 1990.
3. Karaffa, M. A., R. S. Amick, A. Crone, and C. Zimmer. Assessment of As-
say Methods for Evaluating Asbestos Abatement Technology at the Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory. EPA/600/S2-86/070, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, January 1987.
22
-------
APPENDIX
INDIVIDUAL ESTIMATES OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS
MEASURED TWO YEARS AFTER ABATEMENT (1990) AT 20 SITES
Number of Concen-
Sample asbestos tration,
number Sample location structures s/cro3
A-ll
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
A-12
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
A-13
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
6
0.028
A-14
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
A-15
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
1
0.005
A-01
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
A-02
-O
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
A-03
-O
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
A-04
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
A-05
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
A-16
-OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
*
A-17
-OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
A-18
-CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
A-06
-P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
A-07
-p
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
A-08
-P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
A-08D
,-p
DUPLICATE OF A-08-P
0
0.000
A-09
-P
PERIMETER AREA
4
0.019
A-10
-P
PERIMETER AREA
8
0. 038
B-ll
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
4
0. 021
B-11D
-A
DUPLICATE OF B-ll-A
5
0.027
B-12
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
1
0.005
B-13
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
3
0.016
B-14
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
2
0.010
B-15
-A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
4
0.022
B-15R
-A
RECOUNT OF B-15-A
4
0.022
B-01
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
B-02
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
B-03
-0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
B-04
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
B-04D
i-O
DUPLICATE OF B-04-0
0
0.000
B-05
-0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
B-16
-OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
B-17
-OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
ซ
B-18
-CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
B-06
-P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
B-07
-P
PERIMETER AREA
8
0.040
B-08
-P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.010
B-08C
i-P
DUPLICATE OF B-08-P
0
0. 000
B-09
-P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
B-10
-P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0. 000
B-10R-P
RECOUNT OF B-10-P
0
0.000
(continued)
23
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Sample
number
Sample location
Number of
asbestos
structures
Concen'
tratio:
s/cm3
C-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
C-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
C-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
C-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
C-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
C-15D-A
DUPLICATE OF C-15-A
0
0.000
C-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
C-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
C-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
C-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
C-04D-0
DUPLICATE OF C-04-O
0
0.000
C-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
C-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
C-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
C-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
C-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
C-06R-P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0. 000
C-07 -p
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
C-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
C-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0,000
C-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
D-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
D-11D-A
DUPLICATE OF D-ll-
-A
0
0.000
D-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
D-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
D-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
D-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
D-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
D-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
D-02R-O
RECOUNT OF D-02-O
0
0.000
D-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
D-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
D-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
D-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
D-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
D-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
D-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
D-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
D-07R-P
RECOUNT OF D-07-P
0
0.000
D-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
D-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
D-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
E-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
E-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
(continued)
24
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Sample
number
Sample location
Number of
asbestos
structures
Concen'
tratioi
s/cm3
E-12R-A
RECOUNT OF E-12-A
1
0.005
E-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
2
0.011
E-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0. 000
E-14D-A
DUPLICATE OF E-14-
-A
0
0.000
E-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
E-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
E-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
E-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
E-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
E-04R-0
RECOUNT OF E-04-0
0
0.000
E-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
E-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
E-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
E-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
E-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0. 000
E-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
3
0.016
E-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.010
E-08R-P
RECOUNT OF E-08-P
2
0.010
E-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
E-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
F-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
F-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
F-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
F-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
F-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
F-15R-A
RECOUNT OF F-15-A
1
0.005
F-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
F-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
F-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
F-03R-0
RECOUNT OF F-03-O
0
0.000
F-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
F-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
F-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
F-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
F-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
F-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
F-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
5
0.024
F-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
F-08D-P
DUPLICATE OF F-08-
-P
0
0.000
F-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
F-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
G-11 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
G-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
(continued)
25
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Number of
Concen
Sample
asbestos
tratioi
number
Sample location
structures
s/cm3
G-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
1
0.005
G-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
G-14D-A
DUPLICATE OF G-14-A
1
0.005
G-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
G-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
G-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0,000
G-03 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
G-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
G-04R-0
RECOUNT OF G-04-O
0
0.000
G-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
G-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
G-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
G-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
G-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
G-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
G-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
G-08D-P
DUPLICATE OF G-08-P
0
0.000
G-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
G-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
G-10R-P
RECOUNT OF G-10-P
0
0.000
H-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
H-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
H-12D-A
DUPLICATE OF H-12-A
0
0.000
H-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
H-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
H-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
H-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
H-01D-0
DUPLICATE OF H-01-0
0
0.000
H-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
H-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
H-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
H-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
H-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
H-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
H-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
H-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
H-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
H-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
H-08R-P
RECOUNT OF H-08-P
0
0.000
H-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
H-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
1-11 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
I-11R-A
RECOUNT OF I-ll-R
0
0.000
1-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED AREA
0
0.000
(continued)
26
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Number of Concen-
Sample asbestos tration,
number Sample location structures s/cm3
1-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
1-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
1-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
1-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
1-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
1-03 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
I-03D-0
DUPLICATE OF 1-03-
-0
1
0.005
1-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
1-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
1-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
a
1-17 -0B
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
ซ
1-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
1-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
1-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
I-07D-P
DUPLICATE OF 1-07-
-P
0
0.000
1-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
11
0.056
1-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
1-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
J-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
J-11R-A
RECOUNT OF J-ll-A
0
0.000
J-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
J-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
J-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
J-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
J-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
J-01R-0
RECOUNT OF J-01-0
0
0.000
J-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
J-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
J-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
J-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
J-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
J-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
J-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
a
J-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
J-07 -p
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
J-07R-P
RECOUNT OF J-07-P
1
0.005
J-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
J-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
J-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
j-IOD-P
DUPLICATE OF J-10-
-P
2
0.010
K-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
K-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
K-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
K-13D-A
DUPLICATE OF K-13-
-A
0
0.000
(continued) 27
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Number of Concen-
Sample asbestos tration,
number Sample location structures s/ci3
K-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
K-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
K-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
m
K-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.010
K-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.010
K-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
K-08R-P
RECOUNT OF K-08-P
1
0.005
K-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0. 010
K-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
L-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
L-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
2
0.010
L-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
L-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0. 000
L-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
L-15R-A
RECOUNT OF L-15-A
0
0.000
L-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
L-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
L-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
L-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0. 000
L-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
L-05D-O
DUPLICATE OF L-05-
-0
0
0.000
L-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
L-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
L-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
L-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
L-06D-P
DUPLICATE OF L-06-
-P
0
0.000
L-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
L-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
L-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
L-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
M-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
M-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
M-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
M-13R-A
RECOUNT OF M-13-A
0
0.000
M-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
M-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
M-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
M-06D-P
DUPLICATE OF M-06-
-P
0
0.000
M-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
M-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
M-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
M-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
N-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
N-UD-A
DUPLICATE OF N-ll-
-A
0
0.000
(continued)
28
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Number of
Concen
Sample
asbestos
tratioi
number
Sample location
structures
s/cm3
N-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
N-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
N-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
6
0.032
N-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
N-01 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
N-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
N-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
N-03R-0
RECOUNT OF N-03-O
0
0.000
N-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
N-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
N-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
N-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
N-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
N-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
N-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
N-07R-P
RECOUNT OF N-07-P
0
0.000
N-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
N-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.010
N-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.011
0-11 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
0-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
0-12D-A
DUPLICATE OF 0-12-
-A
1
0.005
0-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
0-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
0-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
0-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
0-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
0-02R-0
RECOUNT OF 0-02-0
0
0.000
0-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
0-04 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
0-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
0-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
0-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
0-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
0-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
0-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
0-07R-P
RECOUNT OF 0-07-P
1
0.005
0-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
0-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
18
0.086
0-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
P-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
P-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
P-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
P-13R-A
RECOUNT OF P-13-A
0
0.000
(continued)
29
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Number of Concen-
Sample asbestos tration,
number Sample location structures s/cm3
P-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
P-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
5
0.025
P-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
P-01R-0
RECOUNT OF P-01-0
0
0.000
P-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
P-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0. 000
P-03D-0
DUPLICATE OF P-03-
-0
0
0.000
P-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
P-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
P-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
P-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
P-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
P-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
P-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
P-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
P-08D-P
DUPLICATE OF P-08-
-P
0
0.000
P-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
P-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
Q-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
3
0.015
Q-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
Q-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
8
0.040
Q-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
6
0.030
Q-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
2
0.010
Q-15D-A
DUPLICATE OF Q-15-
-A
2
0.010
R-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
R-11D-A
DUPLICATE OF R-ll-A
0
0.000
R-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
R-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
R-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
R-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
R-01 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
R-02 -0
OUTDOORS
3
0.014
R-03 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
R-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
R-04D-0
DUPLICATE OF R-04-0
3
0.016
R-05 -0
OUTDOORS
7
0.038
R-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
R-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
R-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
R-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
2
0.009
R-07 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
R-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
3
0.014
R-08R-P
RECOUNT OF R-08-P
3
0.014
R-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
5
0.027
(continued)
3G
-------
APPENDIX (continued)
Sample
number
Sample location
Number of
asbestos
structures
Concen'
tratioi
B/cm3
R-09D-P
DUPLICATE OF R-09-
-P
5
0.027
R-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
S-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
3
0.014
S-11R-A
RECOUNT OF S-ll-A
3
0.014
S-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
S-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
S-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
S-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
S-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
S-02 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
S-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
S-03R-0
RECOUNT OF S-03-O
0
0. 000
S-04 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
S-05 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
S-16 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
ซ
S-17 -OB
OPEN FIELD BLANK
0
S-18 -CB
CLOSED FIELD BLANK
0
S-06 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
S-07 -p
PERIMETER AREA
1
0.005
S-07D-P
DUPLICATE OF S-07*
-p
0
0.000
S-08 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
S-09 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
S-10 -P
PERIMETER AREA
0
0.000
T-ll -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
1
0.005
T-12 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
T-13 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
T-14 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
T-15 -A
PREVIOUSLY ABATED
AREA
0
0.000
T-15R-A
RECOUNT OF T-15-A
0
0.000
T-01 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
T-02 -0
OUTDOORS
3
0.015
T-03 -0
OUTDOORS
0
0.000
T-04 -0
OUTDOORS
1
0.005
T-04D-0
DUPLICATE OF T-04-
-0
------- |