United States
Environmental Protection Agency
FISCAL YEAR 2019
Justification of Appropriation
Estimates for the Committee
on Appropriations
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
February 2018
EPA- 190-R-18-001 www.epa.gov/ocfo
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
2019 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Resource Summary Table 519
Program Projects in STAG 521
Categorical Grants 524
Categorical Grant: Brownfields 525
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information 527
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance 530
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement 532
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation 534
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106) 537
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) 540
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management 542
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance 546
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management 548
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program 550
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC) 552
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development 554
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection 556
Categorical Grant: Lead 557
Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants 558
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319) 560
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention 561
Categorical Grant: Radon 562
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks 563
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) 564
Brownfields Projects 565
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program 568
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF 570
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF 573
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages 578
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border 581
Targeted Airshed Grants 582
GKM Water Monitoring 583
517
-------
518
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2019 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
APPROPRIATION: State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Resource Summary Table
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019
Pres Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018
Annualized CR
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Budget Authority
$3,557,752.4
$3,503,209.0
$2,929,467.0
-$573,742.0
Total Workyears
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bill Language: STAG
For environmental programs and infrastructure assistance, including capitalization grants for
State revolving funds and performance partnership grants, $2,929,467,000 to remain available
until expended, of which
(1) $1,393,887,000 shall be for making capitalization grants for the Clean Water State Revolving
Funds under title VI of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; and of which $863,233,000 shall
be for making capitalization grants for the Drinking Water State Revolving Funds under section
1452 of the Safe Drinking Water Act: Provided, That notwithstanding section 603(d)(7) of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the limitation on the amounts in a State water pollution
control revolvingfund that may be used by a State to administer the fund shall not apply to amounts
included as principal in loans made by such fund in fiscal year 2019 and prior years where such
amounts represent costs of administering the fund to the extent that such amounts are or were
deemed reasonable by the Administrator, accounted for separately from other assets in the fund,
and used for eligible purposes of the fund, including administration:
Providedfurther, That for fiscal year 2019, notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (g)(1),
(h), and (I) of section 201 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, grants made under title II
of such Act for American Samoa, Guam, the commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the United
States Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia may also be made for the purpose of providing
assistance: (1) solely for facility plans, design activities, or plans, specifications, and estimates for
any proposed project for the construction of treatment works; and (2) for the construction, repair,
or replacement of privately owned treatment works serving one or more principal residences or
small commercial establishments:
Provided further, That for fiscal year 2019, notwithstanding the provisions of such subsections
(g)(1), (h), and (I) of section 201 and section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
funds reserved by the Administrator for grants under section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act may also be used to provide assistance: (1) solely for facility plans, design activities,
or plans, specifications, and estimates for any proposed project for the construction of treatment
works; and (2) for the construction, repair, or replacement of privately owned treatment works
serving one or more principal residences or small commercial establishments:
519
-------
Provided further, That for fiscal year 2019, notwithstanding any provision of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act and regulations issued pursuant thereof, up to a total of $2,000,000 of the
funds reserved by the Administrator for grants under section 518(c) of such Act may also be used
for grants for training, technical assistance, and educational programs relating to the operation
and management of the treatment works specified in section 518(c) of such Act:
Providedfurther, That for fiscal year 2019, funds reserved under section 518(c) of such Act shall
be available for grants only to Indian tribes, as defined in section 518(h) of such Act and former
Indian reservations in Oklahoma (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior) and Native
Villages as defined in Public Law 92-203:
Providedfurther, That for fiscal year 2019, notwithstanding the limitation on amounts in section
518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, up to a total of 2 percent of the funds
appropriated, or $30,000,000, whichever is greater, and notwithstanding the limitation on
amounts in section 1452(i) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, up to a total of 2 percent of the funds
appropriated, or $20,000,000, whichever is greater, for State Revolving Funds under such Acts
may be reserved by the Administrator for grants under section 518(c) and section 1452(i) of such
Acts:
Provided further, That for fiscal year 2019, notwithstanding the amounts specified in section
205(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, up to 1.5 percent of the aggregate funds
appropriated for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund program under the Act less any sums
reserved under section 518(c) of the Act, may be reserved by the Administrator for grants made
under title II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act for American Samoa, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and United States Virgin Islands:
Providedfurther, That for fiscal year 2019, notwithstanding the limitations on amounts specified
in section 1452(j) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, up to 1.5 percent of the funds appropriated for
the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs under the Safe Drinking Water Act may be
reserved by the Administrator for grants made under section 1452(j) of the Safe Drinking Water
Act:
Provided further, That notwithstanding 22 U.S.C. 1383(i)(3)(A), not less than 10 percent but not
more than 20 percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Clean Water
State Revolving Fund capitalization grants and not less than 20 percent but not more than 30
percent of the funds made available under this title to each State for Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund capitalization grants shall be used by the State to provide additional subsidy to
eligible recipients in the form of forgiveness of principal, negative interest loans, or grants (or any
combination of these), and shall be so used by the State only where such funds are provided as
initial financing for an eligible recipient or to buy, refinance, or restructure the debt obligations
of eligible recipients only where such debt was incurred on or after the date of enactment of this
Act;
(2) $3,000,000 shall be for grants to the State of Alaska to address drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure of rural and Alaska Native Villages: Provided, That of these funds: (A) the State of
520
-------
Alaska shall provide a match of 25 percent; (B) no more than 5 percent of the funds may be used
for administrative and overheard expenses; and (C) the State of Alaska shall make awards
consistent with the Statewide priority list established in conjunction with the Agency and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture for all water, sewer, waste disposal, and similar projects carried out
by the State of Alaska that are funded under section 221 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1301) or the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1921 et
seq.) which shall allocate not less than 25 percent of the funds provided for projects in regional
hub communities;
(3) $62,000,000 shall be to carry out section 104(k) of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), including grants, interagency
agreements, and associated program support costs: Provided, That not more than 25 percent of
the amount appropriated to carry out section 104(k) of CERCLA shall be used for site
characterization, assessment, and remediation of facilities described in section 101(39)(D)(ii)(II)
of CERCLA;
(4) $10,000,000 shall be for grants under title VII, subtitle G of the Energy Policy Act of 2005;
and
(5) $597,347,000 shall be for grants, including associated program support costs, to States,
federally recognized tribes, interstate agencies, tribal consortia, and air pollution control agencies
for multi-media or single media pollution prevention, control and abatement and related activities,
including activities pursuant to the provisions setforth under this heading in Public Law 104-134,
and for making grants under sections 103 and 105 of the Clean Air Act for particulate matter
monitoring and data collection activities subject to terms and conditions specified by the
Administrator, of which: $31,791,000 shall be for carrying out section 128 of CERCLA;
$6,422,000 shall be for Environmental Information Exchange Network grants, including
associated program support costs; $11,884, OOO1 of the funds available for grants under section
106 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act shall be for State participation in national- and
State-level statistical surveys of water resources and enhancements to State monitoring programs;
$27,000,000 shall be for Multipurpose Grants for the implementation of mandatory statutory
duties in delegated environmental programs.
Program Projects in STAG
(Dol
ars in Thousands)
Program Project
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska
Native Villages
$20,083.7
$19,864.0
$3,000.0
-$16,864.0
1 The language in the fifth proviso corrects an error in the Budget Appendix that was not identified prior to typesetting of the
President's Budget. The proviso should read "$11,884,000 of the funds available for grants under section 106 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act..." instead of "$153,683,000..as stated in the Appendix.
521
-------
Brownfields Projects
$88,370.2
$79,457.0
$62,000.0
-$17,457.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water
SRF
$1,380,738.8
$1,384,421.0
$1,393,887.0
$9,466.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking
Water SRF
$944,392.1
$857,371.0
$863,233.0
$5,862.0
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico
Border
$10,628.2
$9,932.0
$0.0
-$9,932.0
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant
Program
$40,683.0
$59,593.0
$10,000.0
-$49,593.0
Targeted Airshed Grants
$19,818.1
$29,796.0
$0.0
-$29,796.0
GKM Water Monitoring
$105.5
$3,973.0
$0.0
-$3,973.0
Subtotal, State and Tribal Assistance
Grants (STAG)
$2,504,819.6
$2,444,407.0
$2,332,120.0
-$112,287.0
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source
(Sec. 319)
$169,771.6
$169,754.0
$0.0
-$169,754.0
Categorical Grant: Public Water
System Supervision (PWSS)
$101,125.8
$101,271.0
$67,892.0
-$33,379.0
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air
Quality Management
$214,180.6
$226,669.0
$151,961.0
-$74,708.0
Categorical Grant: Radon
$7,963.4
$7,996.0
$0.0
-$7,996.0
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control
(Sec. 106)
Monitoring Grants
$18,392.0
$17,727.0
$11,884.0
-$5,843.0
Categorical Grant: Pollution
Control (Sec. 106) (other activities)
$209,294.1
$211,512.0
$141,799.0
-$69,713.0
Subtotal, Categorical Grant: Pollution
Control (Sec. 106)
$227,686.1
$229,239.0
$153,683.0
-$75,556.0
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program
Development
$15,867.0
$14,561.0
$9,762.0
-$4,799.0
Categorical Grant: Underground
Injection Control (UIC)
$10,572.3
$10,435.0
$6,995.0
-$3,440.0
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program
Implementation
$12,402.4
$12,615.0
$8,457.0
-$4,158.0
Categorical Grant: Lead
$14,822.2
$13,954.0
$0.0
-$13,954.0
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste
Financial Assistance
$97,165.0
$99,016.0
$66,381.0
-$32,635.0
Categorical Grant: Pesticides
Enforcement
$17,687.1
$17,927.0
$10,531.0
-$7,396.0
Categorical Grant: Pollution
Prevention
$4,504.6
$4,733.0
$0.0
-$4,733.0
522
-------
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances
Compliance
$4,938.3
$4,886.0
$3,276.0
-$1,610.0
Categorical Grant: Tribal General
Assistance Program
$68,186.0
$65,031.0
$44,233.0
-$20,798.0
Categorical Grant: Underground
Storage Tanks
$1,479.4
$1,488.0
$0.0
-$1,488.0
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality
Management
$14,027.8
$12,742.0
$8,963.0
-$3,779.0
Categorical Grant: Environmental
Information
$9,289.3
$9,580.0
$6,422.0
-$3,158.0
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
$9,540.3
$9,484.0
$0.0
-$9,484.0
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
$46,994.9
$47,421.0
$31,791.0
-$15,630.0
Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants
$162.9
$0.0
$27,000.0
$27,000.0
Subtotal, Categorical Grants
$1,048,367.0
$1,058,802.0
$597,347.0
-$461,455.0
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
$4,565.8
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
TOTAL STAG
$3,557,752.4
$3,503,209.0
$2,929,467.0
-$573,742.0
*For ease of comparison, Superfund transfer resources for the audit and research functions are shown in the Superfund
account.
523
-------
Categorical Grants
524
-------
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Revitalize Land and Prevent Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S -Ifi.'t'N.'t
vt.vj/.w
sm.'vi.h
-S15.UMU)
Total Budget Authority
$46,994.9
$47,421.0
$31,791.0
-$15,630.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Brownfields program is a successful model of the Agency working cooperatively with
states, tribes, local governments, and other agencies to help communities oversee, plan, assess, and
cleanup brownfield properties. State and Tribal Response programs address contaminated sites
that do not require federal action but need assessment and/or cleanup before they can be considered
ready for reuse. This program allocates funding to states and tribes to establish core capabilities
and enhance their response programs.
Approximately 129 million people (roughly 40 percent of the U.S. population) live within three
miles of a brownfields site that received EPA funding.2 Since its inception, the Brownfields
program has fostered a community-driven approach to the reuse of contaminated sites. As of the
end of 2017, the State and Tribal Response programs have leveraged more than 8,280 jobs and
$660 million in other funding. In FY 2017, EPA provided funding to 165 states, tribes, territories,
and the District of Columbia.3
This funding is a critical source for state and tribal partners to establish and grow their Brownfields
programs. Over 100 tribes have received Brownfields funding to build their programs, and
cumulatively cleaned up over 570 properties and made over 7,520 acres ready for reuse.
Addressing brownfields on tribal lands also has leveraged over 815 jobs and $85.4 million. 4 One
recent example is with the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe, located in Washington State. The tribe has
used Brownfields funding to complete a site inventory, conduct assessment activities, and assisted
in funding the cleanup of nearly 30 acres of critical salmon habitat which will help the tribe reclaim
its treaty-protected fishing areas.
In Delaware, a 2016 study indicated that the state Brownfields program, in conjunction with EPA
and other funding sources, has fully remediated 76 sites. The study also indicated that return of
investment for Delaware for the 76 fully remediated properties was $16.48 leveraged per dollar
21 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Estimate 2017. Data collected includes: (1) site information as of the
end of FY16; and (2) census data from the 20011-2015 American Community Survey.
3 Data from U.S. EPA Assessment, Cleanup and Redevelopment Exchange System (ACRES).
4 Data from U.S. EPA ACRES.
525
-------
invested and that those sites also added 255 jobs and added approximately $3.7 million to the tax
coffers annually.5
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.3, Revitalize Land and Prevent
Contamination in EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, EPA will allocate funding
support to approximately 170 state and tribal response programs. Grant supported State and Tribal
Response programs will oversee the cleanup at approximately 24,817 properties.
States and tribes may use categorical grant funding provided under this program in the following
ways:
Conducting site-specific activities, such as assessments and cleanups at brownfields sites;6
Developing mechanisms and resources to provide meaningful opportunities for public
participation;
Developing mechanisms for approval of cleanup plans, and verification and certification
that cleanup efforts are complete;
Creating an inventory of brownfields sites;
Developing a public record;
Developing oversight and enforcement authorities, or other mechanisms and resources;
Purchasing environmental insurance;
Developing state and tribal tracking and management systems for land use, institutional
and engineering controls; and
Conducting public education and outreach efforts to ensure that tribal communities are
informed and able to participate in environmental decision-making.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Brownfields Projects program under
the STAG appropriation.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$15,630.0) This program change reduces federal resources for cleanup oversight by states
and tribes. EPA will work with states and tribes to prioritize funds to establish core
capabilities, enhance their response programs, and identify program efficiencies.
Statutory Authority:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as
amended by the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, § 128.
5 Ratledge, Racca, Toth, and Borla 2016. "Economic Impact on Delaware's Economy: The Brownfield Progran
University of Delaware Center for Applied Demography & Survey Research.
6 For more information, see Brownfields State & Local Tribal Information.
526
-------
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Rule of Law and Process
Objective(s): Streamline and Modernize
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SV.28V.3
sv.tmui
so.-122.0
-SJJiS.O
Total Budget Authority
$9,289.3
$9,580.0
$6,422.0
-$3,158.0
Program Project Description:
Funds provided under this categorical grant support the Environmental Information Exchange
Network (EN) which is a critical component of the Agency's data strategy. The EN is a standards-
based, secure approach for EPA and its state, tribal and territorial partners to exchange and share
environmental data over the Internet. Through its use of technology and data standards, open-
source software, shared services and reusable tools and applications, the EN, in tandem with the
Agency's E-Enterprise efforts, offers its partners tremendous potential for managing, accessing,
and analyzing environmental data more effectively and efficiently. As a part of E-Enterprise it is
a priority to further enhance portal compatibility and shared services provided by the EN. This
will lead to improved decision making and reduced regulatory burden by making data
more accessible, eliminating redundant data collection, resolving issues with data validation,
streamlining processes, and avoiding development and operational costs for redundant IT systems
and components.
EN grants provide funding to states, territories, federally recognized Indian tribes, and tribal
consortia to support their participation in the EN. These grants help EN partners acquire and
develop the hardware and software needed to connect to the EN; use the EN to collect, report and
access the data they need with greater efficiency; and integrate environmental data across
programs. In collaboration with EPA, the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS) agreed
upon the EN as the standard approach for EPA, state, tribe, and territorial data sharing. The grant
program has provided the funding to make this approach a reality.
EPA plays a critical role in program planning, management, and evaluation for the Exchange
Network. Specifically, EPA supports the Exchange Network and E-Enterprise governance which
oversees strategic planning, administers the Network's grant program (approximately 155 grants),
partners with tribes to expand tribal participation in the Exchange Network, and implements the
Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Regulation (CROMERR). EPA also conducts return on
investment analyses on specific electronic data exchange projects in partnership with programs
and Regional Offices.
527
-------
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 3/Objective 3.4, Streamline and Modernize in EPA's
FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, the Environmental Information programs and activities
will continue focus on state, local, and tribal partnerships in supporting government agencies'
delivery of environmental protection. Under this strategy, the Agency will continue implementing
its business processes and systems to reduce reporting burden on states and regulated facilities,
and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of environmental protection programs for EPA,
states, and tribes. EPA and states are making progress on implementing the E-Enterprise business
strategy and will adjust schedules and prioritization to align with capacity. EPA anticipates
awarding 15 EN grants in FY 2019 that will assist states, tribes, and territories to implement the
following activities which will be prioritized based on core requirements:
Data Access and Availability: These activities create services and tools that make state or
tribal data available on demand to other partners. Providing data through web services and
application programming interfaces (APIs) helps facilitate the sharing of information with
the public, with private sector entities, and among state, tribal, and territorial agencies and
EPA. The development of an API and web services approach, in collaboration with
Exchange Network partners, advances the Network's goal of expanding access to
environmental data and enhancing inter- and intra-partner data sharing. Emphasis will be
placed on projects that develop web services, APIs, and tools that support access, analysis
and integration of environmental data. Grant activities may include mobile and desktop
applications, executive and program dashboards, and publishing environmental
information to public sites.
New EPA Reporting Data Flows: Grant proj ects will support developing and implementing
new Exchange Network data flows that enable automated reporting to EPA systems
(e.g., e-Permitting or NPDES).
Partner Data Sharing: These activities support the partners' ability to share cross-state,
cross-tribal or state-tribal data, such as institutional controls at contamination sites, data on
cleanup sites, and datasets of national significance to tribes (e.g., open dumps).
Virtual Exchange Services (VES) support for states, tribes, and territories: This program
supports Exchange Network Partners transitioning from using individually-operated nodes
to leveraging EPA-hosted VES. Moving to VES supports the transition to a cloud-based
network infrastructure, which provides more cost-efficient ways for EN partners to manage
nodes, thereby decreasing development and operational costs (including licensing, server,
and administration costs). This new cloud-based model provides a simplified and
standardized development environment, creates greater economies of scale, and reduces
the administration burden on partners.
Sharing CROMERR services and components: This supports state and tribal adoption and
implementation of a suite of Central Data Exchange (CDX) services that EPA has centrally
developed for CROMERR functions. Specific Shared Services include electronic signature
for submissions from regulated entities, Copy of Record management, and identity
528
-------
management within the registration process. States and tribes will use these services that
are centrally hosted by EPA, replacing individually developed system functions. The use
of shared services will reduce states and tribes' time to prepare and review applications
and develop systems, and the cost to develop, operate, and maintain CROMERR-compliant
e-reporting systems.
Support for the EN program and E-Enterprise business strategy through a cooperative
agreement with ECOS under the associated program support cost authority (Public Law
113-76). This includes direct support to both EN and E-Enterprise joint governance, each
of which represents a cross-section of EPA, state, and tribal organizations. The cooperative
agreement assists state, tribal, and territorial organizations in fulfilling the missions of both
programs by providing programmatic, policy, technical, and administrative support;
promoting information-sharing amongst state/tribal/territorial/federal partners; enhancing
communication and outreach; and convening national user meetings.
The "National Environmental Information Exchange Network Grant Program Solicitation Notice"
sets forth the process for awarding grant funding to states, tribes, and territories.7 It is an annual
guidance document that describes eligibility requirements, the process for application preparation
and submission, evaluation criteria, award administration information, and post-award monitoring
procedures.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Exchange Network program under
the EPM appropriation.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$3,158.0) This focuses funding for states and tribes to maintain existing tools, services
and core capabilities while providing flexibility to address particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970, 84 Stat. 2086, as amended by Pub. L. 98-80, 97 Stat. 485
(codified at Title 5, App.) (EPA's organic statute); Appropriation Acts: FY 2002 (Public Law 107-
73), FY 2003 (Public Law 108-7), FY 2004 (Public Law 108-199), FY 2005 (Public Law 108-
447), FY 2006 (Public Law 109-54), FY 2007 (Public Law 110-5), FY 2008 (Public Law 110-
161), FY 2009 (Public Law 111-8), FY 2010 (Public Law 111-88), FY 2011 (Public Law 112-10),
FY 2012 (Public Law 112-74), FY 2013 (Public Law 113-6), FY 2014 (Public Law 113-76), FY
2015 (Public Law 113-235), FY 2016 (Public Law 114-113); and FY 2017 (Public Law 115-31).
7 Please see:https://www.epa.gov/exchangenetwork/exchange-network-grant-program.
529
-------
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Revitalize Land and Prevent Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S'J'JfixO
s'PJ.n K>.n
SOOJSI.O
-SJ 2.03x0
Total Budget Authority
$97,165.0
$99,016.0
$66,381.0
-$32,635.0
Program Project Description:
The Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants help states8 implement the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Through RCRA, EPA and states protect human health
and the environment by minimizing waste generation, preventing the release of millions of tons of
hazardous wastes, and cleaning up land and water. Authorized states conduct the direct
implementation of permitting, corrective action, and enforcement components of the RCRA
hazardous waste management program.
This grant funding supports all 50 states and six territories. Currently, 48 states and two territories
are authorized to implement the RCRA program. In addition, EPA directly implements the RCRA
program in the states of Iowa and Alaska. To ensure statutory requirements are successful, EPA
partners with state and local governments, as well as American businesses and non-governmental
organizations, to significantly improve waste and material management practices.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.3, Revitalize Land and Prevent
Contamination in EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, the Agency (and authorized
states) will:
Issue and renew permits to a portion of the 6,600 hazardous waste treatment, storage and
disposal facilities. This includes working with industry, the public, and states to address
issues related to management of hazardous waste through development and application of
standards, permits, guidance, and training;
Process permit modifications to keep pace with evolving business practices, technology,
market conditions, and cleanup decisions;
8 When appropriate, these grants also are used to support tribes in conducting hazardous waste work in Indian Country. For
additional information, refer to: https://www.epa.gov/tribal/solid-and-hazardous-waste-indian-countrv-resource-conservation-and-
recovery-act-rcra.
530
-------
Update controls to encourage facilities to modernize technological systems, expand waste
management capability, improve hazardous waste management practices, and make timely
cleanup decisions;
Inspect facilities to ensure compliance and safety;
Oversee cleanups at hazardous waste management facilities, and focus on completing
cleanup of the 3,779 priority 2020 Baseline facilities;
Oversee cleanups at high priority contaminated hazardous waste management facilities and
return cleaned up property to productive use. This includes working with state partners to
ensure that responsible parties conduct effective and efficient cleanups that are protective
of human health and the environment, and reduce the burden on federal taxpayers;
Draft implementation documents such as permits and orders, review site assessment plans
and results, review remedy selection documents, oversee remedy implementation, oversee
public participation, and track progress of cleanups; and
Continue to improve cleanup approaches, share best practices and cleanup innovations,
such as RCRA FIRST,9 and address issues of emerging science.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$32,635.0) This program change modifies timelines for reaching cleanup milestones and
reviewing facility data, cleanup plans, and permit modifications. Assistance to tribal
communities also is curtailed. EPA will work with states and tribes to target funds to core
requirements while providing flexibility to address particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, § 3011.
9 For more information, visit: https://www.epa.gov/hw/toolbox-corrective-action-resource-conservation-and-recoverv-act-
facilities-investigation-remedy.
531
-------
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Cooperative Federalism
Objective(s): Enhance Shared Accountability
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
.S/V«S'~ /
sr.vj'.n
SI 0 J.11.0
-S 'J 90. ft
Total Budget Authority
$17,687.1
$17,927.0
$10,531.0
-$7,396.0
Program Project Description:
The Pesticides Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Cooperative Agreement program
supports pesticide product and user compliance with provisions of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) through cooperative agreements10 with states and tribes.
The cooperative agreements support state and tribal compliance and enforcement activities under
FIFRA. Enforcement and pesticides program cooperative agreement guidance is issued to focus
regional, state, and tribal efforts on the highest priorities.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 2/Objective 2.1, Enhance Shared Accountability in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, EPA will prioritize and award state and tribal
pesticides cooperative agreements for implementing the compliance monitoring and enforcement
provisions of FIFRA within our resource levels.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands)
(-$7,396.0) This program change reflects EPA's efforts to work with states and tribes to
target funds to core requirements while providing flexibility to address particular priorities
such as: providing compliance assistance to the regulated community and providing
training for state and tribal inspectors.
10 For additional information, refer to: http://www2.epa.gov/compliance/federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act-state-
and-tribal-assistance-grant.
532
-------
Statutory Authority:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
533
-------
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Ensure Safety of Chemicals in the Marketplace
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (iranls
S 12.-tD2.-l
.S 12.01x0
s ti.-tf-.o
-S-IJtfi.O
Total Budget Authority
$12,402.4
$12,615.0
$8,457.0
-$4,158.0
Program Project Description:
The purpose of the pesticide program implementation grants is to translate pesticide regulatory
decisions made at the national level into results at the local level. Under the pesticide statutes,
responsibility for ensuring proper pesticide use is in large part delegated to states and tribes. Grant
resources allow states and tribes to be more effective regulatory partners.
EPA's mission, as related to pesticides, is to protect human health and the environment from
pesticide risk and to realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social,
and environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides.11 The agency provides grants to
states, tribes and other partners, including universities, non-profit organizations, other federal
agencies, pesticide users, environmental groups, and other entities, as necessary, to assist in
strengthening and implementing EPA's pesticide programs. This STAG program focuses on areas
such as worker safety activities (including worker protection and certification and training of
pesticide applicators), protection of endangered species,12 protection of water resources from
pesticides, protection of pollinators, and promotion of environmental stewardship and Integrated
Pest Management related activities. These agency activities are achieved through implementation
of EPA statutes and regulatory actions by states and tribes.
EPA supports implementation of tribal pesticide programs through grants. Tribal program outreach
activities support tribal capacity to protect human health by reducing risks from pesticides in
Indian country. This task is challenging given that certain aspects of Native Americans' lifestyles,
such as subsistence fishing or consumption of plants that were not grown as food and possibly
exposed to pesticides, may increase exposure to some chemicals or create unique chemical
exposure scenarios. For additional information, please see http://www.epa.gov/pesticide-advisory-
committees-and-regulatorv-partners/tribal-pesticide-programs.
11 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended. Section 3(a), Requirement of Registration (7 U.S.C. 136a).
Available online at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act.
12 The Endangered Species Act of 1973 sections 7(a) 1 and 7 (a)2; Federal Agency Actions and Consultations, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1536(a)). Available at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Act of 1973 internet site:
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/section-7.html.
534
-------
The agency also funds a multi-year grant in support of the State Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Issues Research and Evaluation Group, which ensures the close
coordination of states and the EPA on pesticide issues.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program supports Goal 1/Objective 1.4, Ensure Safety of Chemicals in the Marketplace
in EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan.
Worker Protection Standard and Certification and Training Program
Through the Certification and Training Program and the Worker Protection Standard, EPA protects
workers, pesticide applicators and handlers, employers, and the public from the potential risks
posed by pesticides in their work environments. In FY 2019, EPA will continue to provide
assistance and grants to implement the Certification and Training Program and Worker Protection
Standard, and to address changes to the federal regulations for these programs. In FY 2019, states,
territories and tribes will review and respond to the proposed changes to the Certification and
Training regulations and begin to assess what changes to their certification programs may be
needed when the changes to the Certification and Training rule are finalized. For worker
protection, the states, territories and tribes also will train their program and inspection staff on the
final revisions to the Worker Protection Standard, conduct outreach and training programs, and
plan for inspections under the new rule.13
Endangered Species Protection Program
The Endangered Species Protection Program (ESPP) protects federally listed, threatened or
endangered animals and plants whose populations are threatened by risks associated with pesticide
use.14 EPA complies with Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements to ensure that its
regulatory decisions will not likely jeopardize the continued existence of species listed as
endangered and threatened, or destroy or adversely modify habitat designated as critical to those
species' survival. EPA will provide grants to states and tribes, as described above, for projects
supporting endangered species protection. Program implementation includes outreach,
communication, education related to use limitations, review and distribution of endangered species
protection bulletins, and mapping and development of endangered species protection plans. These
activities support the Agency's mission to protect the environment from pesticide risk.
Protection of Water Sources from Pesticide Exposure
Protecting the nation's water sources from possible pesticide contamination is another component
of EPA's environmental protection efforts. EPA provides funding, through cooperative
agreements, to states, tribes, and other partners to investigate and respond to water resource
contamination by pesticides. Stakeholders and partners, including states and tribes, are expected
to evaluate local pesticide uses that have the potential to contaminate water resources and take
13 See http://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/how-epa-protects-workers-pesticide-risk for more information.
14 http://www.epa.gov/oppfeadl/endanger/species-info.htm.
535
-------
steps to prevent or reduce contamination where pesticide concentrations approach or exceed levels
of concern.
Integrated Pest Management
Within available resources, EPA will continue to support risk reduction by providing assistance to
promote the use of safer alternatives to traditional chemical pest control methods including
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques.15 EPA supports the development and evaluation
of new pest management technologies that contribute to reducing both health and environmental
risks from pesticide use.
Pollinator Health
EPA will continue to work with state and tribal agencies to promote the development of locally-
based plans to help improve pollinator health. State pollinator protection plans in place in several
states have been an effective communication and collaboration mechanism between stakeholders
at the local level that can lead to reduced pesticide exposure and protection of honey bees, while
maintaining the flexibility needed by growers. EPA believes that these plans, developed through a
robust stakeholder engagement process at the local level, serve as good models for enhanced local
communication and also can help accomplish EPA's overall goal of mitigating exposure of bees
to acutely toxic pesticides.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$4,158.0) This program change will streamline core activities, find efficiencies, and
leverage available resources. EPA will work with states and tribes to target funds to core
requirements while providing flexibility to address particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act (FFDCA); Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996; Endangered Species Act (ESA).
15 For additional information, see http://www.epa. gov/pesp/.
536
-------
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
.S 22 V«SVi. /
S 22V.2.W.O
S
-.S ~5.550.ff
Total Budget Authority
$227,686.1
$229,239.0
$153,683.0
-$75,556.0
Program Project Description:
Section 106 of the Clean Water Act authorizes EPA to provide federal assistance to states
(including territories and the District of Columbia), tribes qualified under Clean Water Act Section
518(e), and interstate agencies to establish and maintain adequate programs for the prevention and
control of surface and groundwater pollution from point and nonpoint sources. Prevention and
control activities supported through these grants include providing National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permits, conducting ambient water quality monitoring and
assessment, listing impaired waters, developing water quality standards and Total Maximum Daily
Loads (TMDLs), surveillance, and enforcement.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. The Section 106 Grant Program supports prevention and
control measures that improve water quality. In FY 2019, EPA will focus on core statutory
requirements while continuing to provide states and tribes with flexibility to best address their
particular priorities.
Monitoring and Assessment:
EPA is working with states to provide monitoring and assessment information to support multiple
Clean Water Act programs in a cost-efficient and effective manner. The goal is to have
scientifically defensible monitoring data that is needed to address priority problems at state,
national, and local levels and to track national water quality improvements over time.
In FY 2019, EPA will continue working with states and tribes to support their water quality
monitoring programs. Monitoring Initiative funds for states and tribes will support the National
Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) and the enhancement of state and tribal monitoring programs.
In FY 2019, the Monitoring Initiative will be funded at $11.9 million, with $5.5 million allocated
for participation in the NARS and $6.4 million for monitoring program priority enhancements.
Through the Monitoring and Assessment Partnership, EPA will work with states to develop and
apply innovative and efficient monitoring tools and techniques to optimize availability of high-
quality data to support priority Clean Water Act program needs.
537
-------
Review and Update Water Quality Standards:
States and authorized tribes will review and update their water quality standards as required by the
Clean Water Act and EPA regulation at 40 CFR part 131. The regulations place a focus on states
and tribes keeping water quality criteria in their standards up to date to reflect the latest science.
EPA will work with tribes that want to establish water quality standards.
Develop Total Maximum Daily Loads:
EPA will work with states and other partners to develop and implement TMDLs for Clean Water
Act 303(d) listed impaired waterbodies as a tool for meeting water quality restoration goals.
TMDLs focus on clearly defined environmental goals and establish a pollutant budget, which is
then implemented via permit requirements and through local, state, and federal watershed plans
and programs to restore waters. EPA will work with states to facilitate accurate, comprehensive,
and geo-referenced water quality assessment decisions made available to the public via the
Assessment Total Maximum Daily Load Tracking and Implementation System (e.g., ATTAINS).
In addition, EPA and states will implement a performance measure that looks more
comprehensively at the 303(d) program by measuring the extent of state priorities addressed by
TMDLs, alternative restoration plans, or protection plans.
Issue Permits:
The NPDES program requires point source dischargers to be permitted and pretreatment programs
to control discharges from industrial and other facilities to the nation's wastewater treatment
plants. EPA will work with states to balance competing priorities, identify opportunities to enhance
the integrity and effectiveness of NPDES permits, set schedules to address significant action items,
and map out program revisions.
Conducting Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement:
EPA will work with NPDES-authorized states to implement the 2014 Clean Water Act NPDES
Compliance Monitoring Strategy (CMS).16 The NPDES CMS establishes national goals for
allocation of inspection resources across all NPDES regulated entities in order to best protect water
quality.
EPA works with states on advanced technologies such as remote water monitoring sensors to
collect discharge data, to more efficiently identify problem areas. The Agency expects that these
technologies will improve EPA's and state's analytical capabilities and enhance the public's
knowledge about the quality of their environment.
Currently, EPA and states are implementing the NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule through the
Integrated Compliance Information System.17 Phase 1 of the rule was implemented in FY 2017
for NPDES Discharge Monitoring Reports, and Phase 2 will begin cooperatively with our state
partners in FY 2018. In FY 2019, EPA also will work with additional states in the development of
electronic reporting tools. For example, approximately 20 states currently use EPA's electronic
16 For more information, refer to: https://www.epa.gov/compliance/clean-water-act-national-pollutant-discharge-elimiiiation-
system-compliance-monitoring.
17 For more information, refer to: https://www.epa.gov/compliance/npdes-ereporting.
538
-------
reporting tool to collect DMRs. This saves the states a significant amount of resources in
development, and operations and maintenance costs.
Working with Tribal Water Pollution Control Programs:
In FY 2019, EPA will work with tribal programs on activities that address water quality and
pollution problems on tribal lands. Tribes will implement the Clean Water Act Section 106 Tribal
Guidance, which forms a framework for tribes to establish, implement, and expand their Water
Pollution Control Programs.
Performance Measure Targets:
(TMDL-01) Square miles associated with state priority waters addressed by a
TMDL, other restoration plan, or protection approach.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
35,000
50,000
(NPDES-01) Percentage of high-priority state NPDES permits that are issued in the
fiscal year.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
80
80
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$75,556.0) This program change reduces the Section 106 grants. EPA will work with
states and tribes to target funds to core requirements while providing flexibility to address
particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act, § 106.
539
-------
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SI 01.125.X
S 11)1.2-1.1)
v» ~.sv2.n
-.S .tjtj'0.1)
Total Budget Authority
$101,125.8
$101,271.0
$67,892.0
-$33,379.0
Program Project Description:
The Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) program provides grants to states and tribes with
primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and enforce the National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act. These grants support the safety of the
nation's drinking water resources. The states and some tribes are the primary implementers of the
national drinking water program and work with the public water systems within their jurisdiction
to protect public health by achieving and maintaining compliance with drinking water rules.
The National Primary Drinking Water Regulations set forth health-based standards, monitoring,
reporting and recordkeeping, sanitary survey, compliance tracking, and enforcement elements to
ensure that the nation's drinking water supplies do not pose adverse health risks. The PWSS
program supports the states' role in a federal/state partnership to ensure safe drinking water
supplies to the public. States use these grant funds to fund drinking water program personnel who:
Provide technical assistance to owners and operators of public water systems;
Conduct sanitary surveys (i.e., on-sight reviews conducted to determine and support a
facility's capacity to deliver safe drinking water) and other site visits;
Respond to questions from the public;
Train and certify public water system operators;
Manage public water system data, facilitate electronic reporting of compliance monitoring
data, and submit that data into the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS);
Share sampling results with the public;
Respond to violations;
Certify laboratories;
Conduct laboratory analyses; and
Provide training and technical assistance to small system staff and management to build
water system technical, managerial, and financial capacity.
540
-------
Some states and tribes do not have primary enforcement authority. Funds allocated to the State of
Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and Indian tribes without primacy are used to support direct
implementation activities by EPA or for developmental grants to Indian tribes to develop capacity
for primacy.18
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, EPA will work with states and tribes to target
funds to core statutory requirements while providing states and tribes with flexibility to best address
their particular priorities. In FY 2019, EPA will provide funds to support state and tribal efforts to
assist the most vulnerable water systems in meeting existing drinking water regulations and in working
to develop financial and managerial capacity needed to protect federal investments that remedy aging
or inadequate infrastructure (e.g., pipe replacement to prevent failures in distribution systems,
installation of treatment to remove harmful drinking water contaminants). EPA will encourage states
to use grant funds to focus, to the extent possible, on the most immediate challenges public water
systems are facing today.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$33,379.0) This program change reflects a reduction in the PWSS grants. EPA will work
with states and tribes to target funds to core requirements while providing flexibility to
address particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act, § 1443.
18 For more information, see: http://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/public-water-svstem-supervision-pwss-grant-program
https://www.cfda. gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=cca066b833c552bdOc9ffDlle576c7f.
541
-------
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and 1'ribul Assistance (irants
S 21-I.IHIU,
S
S I5I.V0UI
-.s'os.n
Total Budget Authority
$214,180.6
$226,669.0
$151,961.0
-$74,708.0
Program Project Description:
This program provides funding for state air programs, as implemented by multi-state, state, and
local air pollution control agencies. Section 103 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) provides EPA with
the authority to award grants to a variety of agencies, institutions, and organizations, including the
air pollution control agencies funded from the STAG appropriation, to conduct and promote
certain types of research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, surveys, studies, and
training related to air pollution. Section 105 of the CAA provides EPA with the authority to award
grants to state and local air pollution control agencies to develop and implement continuing
environmental programs for the prevention and control of air pollution, for the implementation of
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set to protect public health and the
environment, and for improving visibility in our national parks and wilderness areas (Class I
areas). The continuing activities funded under Section 105 include development and
implementation of emission reduction measures, development and operation of air quality
monitoring networks, and a number of other air program activities. Section 106 of the CAA
provides EPA with the authority to fund interstate air pollution transport commissions to develop
or carry out plans for designated air quality control regions.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.1, Improve Air Quality in EPA's
FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, states will continue to be responsible for State
Implementation Plans (SIPs), which provide a blueprint for the programs and activities that states
carry out to attain and maintain the NAAQS and comply with visibility obligations. There are
several events that trigger SIP obligations. For example, when EPA promulgates a new or revises
an existing NAAQS, affected states must update certain parts of their SIPs within three years. In
addition, whenever EPA completes a designation or reclassification of an area as nonattainment
for a particular pollutant, an affected state must update their SIP within three years or 18 months,
depending on the pollutant. In FY 2019, EPA anticipates state submission of infrastructure SIPs
for the ozone standards that were revised in 2015. Also, affected states will be completing
development or revision of attainment SIPs for areas designated nonattainment or reclassified to
"Serious" for the 2006 and/or 2012 fine particle (PM2.5) NAAQS; areas reclassified to "Serious"
for the 2008 ozone NAAQS; and areas designated nonattainment for the 2010 sulfur dioxide (SO2)
542
-------
NAAQS. States also have SIP obligations associated with visibility requirements, among other
requirements identified in the CAA.
States will continue implementing the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS, the 2008 lead NAAQS, the
2010 1-hour nitrogen dioxide (NO2) NAAQS, and the 2010 1-hour SO2 NAAQS. As appropriate,
states also will continue implementing the previous PM2.5 and ozone NAAQS, including the 1997
annual and 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS, the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS, the 2012 annual PM2.5
NAAQS, and the 1-hour and 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS (through anti-backsliding requirements).
SIP preparation for some pollutants is complicated due to the regional nature of air pollution that
requires additional and more detailed modeling, refined emissions inventories, and greater
stakeholder involvement. In FY 2019, EPA will work with states to prioritize activities needed to
meet obligations for SIP development and in implementing their plans for the NAAQS and
regional haze, adjusting schedules, and identifying streamlining options.
States will continue to operate and maintain their monitoring networks to the extent possible,
balancing competing priorities. This is typically the largest part of a state's air program, supporting
the quality and availability of data that states are required to submit. In 2015, EPA finalized its
review of the ozone NAAQS monitoring requirements, and extended the ozone monitoring season
in 33 states and revised monitoring requirements for the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
Stations (PAMS). Revised PAMS monitoring requirements are applicable at National Core
(NCore) network sites in Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of 1 million population or more,
or at alternative locations approved by the regional offices. These sites are required to be
operational by June 2019. For purposes of implementing the 2010 1-hour SO2 NAAQS, states will
continue operating new monitoring networks in accordance with the requirements of the SO2
NAAQS Data Requirements Rule in certain locations in FY 2019.
The multi-pollutant monitoring site network (NCore) serves multiple objectives such as measuring
long-term trends of air pollution, validating models, and providing input to health and atmospheric
science studies. EPA will provide assistance to states to operate this network of approximately 80
stations across the nation that provide measurements for particles, including filter-based and
continuous mass for PM2.5; chemical speciation for PM2.5; and PM10 - PM2.5 mass. Stations also
measure gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), SO2, NO2, and ozone, and record basic
meteorology. In FY 2019, EPA will continue to work with states to support the operation of
monitoring sites in the near-road environment - a source of concentrated mobile source emissions.
Data collected from these monitoring sites implemented under phases 1 and 2 of the near-road
monitoring network requirements will be used to assess compliance with the NAAQS, support
public information based on the Air Quality Index (AQI), and support short- and long-term studies
of health impacts of near-road exposure.
In FY 2019, states with approved or delegated permitting programs will continue to implement
permitting requirements as part of their programs. EPA will continue to undertake actions, as
necessary, as a result of the Supreme Court's 2014 decision on EPA's Tailoring Rule as well as
the April 2015 D.C. Circuit Amended Judgment implementing the Supreme Court decision.
The development of a complete emission inventory is an important step in an air quality
management process. Emission inventories are used to help determine significant sources of air
543
-------
pollutants and establish emission trends over time, target regulatory actions, and estimate air
quality through dispersion and photo-chemical modeling. An emission inventory includes
estimates of the emissions from various pollution sources in a specific geographical area. In
FY 2019, states will continue to develop inventories and submit data to EPA under an adjusted
schedule for the next release of the National Emission Inventory (NEI). EPA plans to release the
2017 NEI in calendar year 2020.
This program supports state and local agency capabilities to provide air quality forecasts for ozone
and PM2.5 that provide the public with information they can use to make daily lifestyle decisions
to protect their health. This information allows people to take precautionary measures to avoid or
limit their exposure to unhealthy levels of air quality. In addition, many communities use forecasts
for initiating air quality "action" or "awareness" days, which seek voluntary participation from the
public to reduce pollution and improve local air quality. Data will be updated on an adjusted
schedule to allow for state and local agencies to provide important public health information to the
public.
This program also supports state and local efforts to characterize air toxics problems and take
measures to reduce health risks from air toxics, most often through implementation of EPA
regulations. For example, this funding supports enforcement of new and revised New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS) and Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
standards for major sources (and area sources) by delegated air agencies. This funding also
supports characterization work that includes collection and analysis of emissions data and
monitoring of ambient air toxics. In FY 2019, funds also will support the National Air Toxics
Trends Stations (NATTS), consisting of 27 air toxics monitoring sites operated and maintained by
state and local air pollution control agencies across the country, including the associated quality
assurance, data analysis, and methods support. States will balance the requirements of the different
components of their monitoring enterprise in FY 2019.
Under the visibility requirements of the CAA, in FY 2019 states will complete any remaining first
planning period obligations for regional haze, and work collaboratively to support SIP submissions
associated with the second planning period. In addition, states will be implementing control
measures required from their first planning period SIPs. Remaining first planning period
obligations include submittal of progress report SIP revisions to ensure that states are making
progress toward their visibility improvement goals. Comprehensive regional haze SIP revisions
are due in FY 2021.
EPA also proposes to transition the funding of the PM2.5 monitoring network from Section 103
authority of the CAA, which provides 100 percent federal funding, to Section 105 authority of
the CAA, which provides a maximum federal share of 60 percent.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Federal Support for Air Quality
Management program under the EPM appropriation.
544
-------
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$74,708.0) This program change is a reduction to environmental state programs
responsible for carrying out air quality implementation activities. EPA will work with
states to target funds to core requirements while providing flexibility to address particular
state priorities. A major component of this program is air monitoring, which is used for
providing information to the public, states, and researchers; and states will refocus
resources to incorporate any new recommendations as a result of updated NAAQS
monitoring guidance.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Air Act, §§ 103, 105, 106.
545
-------
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Cooperative Federalism
Objective(s): Enhance Shared Accountability
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S-I.VJSJ
S-f.Stt'(>.!)
S3.2 '(>.!)
-SI Jt 10.0
Total Budget Authority
$4,938.3
$4,886.0
$3,276.0
-$1,610.0
Program Project Description:
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) program builds environmental partnerships19 with
states and tribes to strengthen their ability to address environmental and public health threats from
toxic substances. This state and tribal assistance grant is used to prevent or eliminate unreasonable
risks to health or the environment and to ensure compliance with toxic substance regulations. The
grants support inspection programs associated with the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response
Act, lead-based paint (§402(a), §406(b), and the Renovation, Repair and Painting rule), and
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 2/Objective 2.1, Enhanced Shared Accountability in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, EPA will continue to award state and tribal
assistance grants to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions of
TSCA.
Over the past two years, the Agency has consulted with its state partners in the development of a
new allocation formula for the TSCA State and Tribal Assistance Grants. EPA proposes
implementing the new formula in FY 2019, using a phased approach over three years (FY 2019-
FY 2021). This approach establishes a weighted formula that emphasizes lead-based paint,
maximizing environmental benefits and program performance. The new formula better aligns the
distribution of funding with the national program priorities including reducing risks from 1) lead
poisoning or elevated blood-lead levels, 2) exposure to asbestos, and 3) exposure to PCBs.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
19 For additional information, refer to: https://www.epa.gov/coiiipliaiice/toxic-substaiices-coiiipliaiice-iiioiiitoriiig-graiit-
guidance- fiscal-y ear-201.8.
546
-------
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,610.0) This program change reflects EPA's planned work with states and tribes to
target funds to core requirements and priorities, such as reducing risks from lead-based
paint, while providing flexibility to address particular state and tribal priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Toxic Substances Control Act.
547
-------
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S l-l.U2~.it
SI2. --I2.il
S S.VO.UI
- S.i, "<).<)
Total Budget Authority
$14,027.8
$12,742.0
$8,963.0
-$3,779.0
Program Project Description:
This program includes funding for tribal air pollution control agencies and/or tribes. Through
Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 105 grants, tribes may develop and implement programs for the
prevention and control of air pollution and implementation of national primary and secondary
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Through CAA Section 103 grants, tribal air
pollution control agencies or tribes, colleges, universities, and multi-tribe jurisdictional air
pollution control agencies may conduct and promote research, investigations, experiments,
demonstrations, surveys, studies, and training related to ambient or indoor air pollution in Indian
Country.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.1, Improve Air Quality in EPA's
FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. Tribes will assess environmental and public health conditions in
Indian Country by developing emission inventories and, where appropriate, siting and operating
air quality monitors. Tribes will continue to develop and implement air pollution control
programs for Indian Country to prevent; and address air quality concerns. EPA will continue to
fund organizations for the purpose of providing technical support, tools, and training for tribes to
build capacity to develop and implement programs at reduced levels. A key activity is to work
to reduce the number of days in violation of the NAAQS. This program supports the Agency's
priority of building strong partnerships with individual tribes and with the National Tribal Air
Association (NTAA), whose priorities include tribes' ability to collect and provide monitoring
data and to protect the health of their tribal members.
In FY 2019, EPA will continue to implement the Tribal New Source Review rule, under which
tribes may opt to take an active role in implementation by developing a Tribal Implementation
Plan, managing the program under EPA's authority, or by actively participating in the permit
review and outreach process.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
548
-------
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$3,779.0) This program change is a reduction in federal support for CAA grants to tribal
air pollution control agencies and/or tribes. The EPA will work with tribes to target funds
to core requirements, while providing flexibility to best address tribal priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Air Act, §§ 103, 105.
549
-------
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Cooperative Federalism
Objective(s): Enhance Shared Accountability
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SOS.ISO.O
.S (o.OM.O
S VV.J.UW
-.S20. 'VS.ff
Total Budget Authority
$68,186.0
$65,031.0
$44,233.0
-$20,798.0
Program Project Description:
In 1992, Congress established the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program (GAP)
which provides grants and technical assistance to tribes to cover the costs of planning, developing,
and establishing tribal environmental protection programs consistent with other applicable
provisions of law administered by EPA. EPA works collaboratively with tribal partners on
mutually identified envrionmental and health priorities to achieve these aims. Funding provided
under GAP is for the administrative, technical, legal, enforcement, communication, and outreach
capacities tribes need to effectively administer environmental regulatory programs that EPA may
delegate to tribes. Please see http://www.epa. gov/aieo / gap .htm for more information.
Some uses of GAP funds include:
Assessing the status of a tribe's environmental conditions;
Developing appropriate environmental programs, codes and ordinances;
Developing the capacity to administer environmental regulatory programs that EPA may
delegate to a tribe;
Conducting public education and outreach efforts to ensure that tribal communities
(including non-members residing in Indian country) are informed and able to participate in
environmental decision-making;
Promoting communication and coordination among federal, state, local, and tribal
environmental officials; and
Promoting effective consultation activities on environmental actions and issues.
GAP supports tribal capacity development through financial assistance to approximately 520 tribal
governments and inter-tribal consortia. GAP has helped tribes receive 110 program delegations to
administer a variety of programs across a number of statutes, including the Clean Water Act, Safe
Drinking Water Act, and the Clean Air Act. Tribes also have developed their capacity to assist
EPA in implementing federal environmental programs in the absence of an EPA-approved tribal
program through Direct Implementation Tribal Cooperative Agreements (DITCAs). In FY 2017
there were 19 active DITCAs supporting EPA's direct implementation activities. Similarly, EPA
also has been able to certify 32 tribal employees as inspectors for various federal compliance
550
-------
programs. GAP also supports tribes with the development of their waste management programs
with over 220 tribes having Integrated Waste Management Plans.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 2/Obj ective 2.1, Enhance Shared Accountability in EPA's
FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, GAP grants will continue to assist tribal governments
in developing environmental protection program capacity to assess environmental conditions, use
relevant environmental information to improve long-range strategic environmental program
development planning, and develop environmental programs tailored to tribal needs consistent
with those long-range strategic plans.
The Agency's "Guidance on the Award and Management of General Assistance Agreements for
Tribes and Inter-Tribal Consortia"20 establishes an overall framework for tribes and EPA to
follow in developing tribal environmental program capacity under GAP. Specifically, the guidance
strengthens joint strategic planning through development and implementation of EPA-Tribal
Environmental Plans (ETEPs) to document long-range tribal environmental program development
priorities. These strategic planning documents inform funding decisions by linking ETEP goals to
annual GAP assistance agreement work plans and provide a mechanism to measure tribal progress
in meeting their program development goals. In FY 2019, EPA will continue to implement GAP
under this national framework, as modified during FY 2018, and maintain an emphasis on training
(internal and external) to support nationally consistent GAP guidance interpretation and
implementation. In supporting a strong GAP management framework (as referenced under Tribal
Capacity Program [EPM Appropriation]), EPA will continue a process to establish a performance
information management system to track the progress tribes achieve for developing and
implementing environmental protection programs in Indian Country.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$20,798.0) This program change reduces funding for tribes to develop the capacity to
implement environmental protection programs in Indian country. EPA will work with
tribes to target funds to core requirements while providing flexibility to address particular
priorities expressed in the ETEPs.
Statutory Authority:
Indian Environmental General Assistance Program Act.
20 http://www.epa.gov/tp/GAP-guidance-fmal.pdf.
551
-------
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SIOJ'J.J
.s WMxO
-s.i.-i-in.n
Total Budget Authority
$10,572.3
$10,435.0
$6,995.0
-$3,440.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Underground Injection Control (UIC) grant program funds are allocated to federal, state,
and tribal government agencies that oversee underground injection activities to prevent
contamination of underground sources of drinking water from fluid injection, as established by the
Safe Drinking Water Act.
EPA regulates the construction, operation, permitting, and closure of injection wells used to place
fluids underground for storage or disposal. In FY 2019, EPA will provide financial assistance in
the form of grants to states and tribes that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to
implement and manage UIC programs and ensure safe injection well operations that prevent
contamination of underground source of drinking water. Eligible Indian tribes that demonstrate an
intent to achieve primacy also may receive grants for the initial development of UIC programs and
be designated for "Treatment as a State" if their programs are approved. Where a jurisdiction does
not have primacy, EPA uses these funds for direct implementation of federal UIC requirements.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. The UIC program manages more than 700,000 injection
wells21 across six well types to protect our groundwater resources. The requested funding supports
implementation of the UIC program. EPA directly implements UIC programs in eight states and
two territories and shares responsibility in seven states and two tribes. EPA also administers the
UIC programs for all other tribes and for Class VI wells in all states.22 EPA will continue its
support of state oil and gas programs as they implement the UIC Class II program or assume
responsibility for Class II programs.
21 As represented in calendar year 2015 annual inventory.
22 For more information, please visit:
https://www.cfda. gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=cl307f57fe8bec34fla65660eff495a8&cck=l&au=&ck=
http://water.epa.gov/tvpe/groundwater/uic/index.cfm.
552
-------
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$3,440.0) This program change is a reduction in the UIC grants. EPA will work with
states and tribes to target funds to core statutory requirements while providing flexibility
to address particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act, § 1443.
553
-------
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
.S N.5(tU>
S<). '(>2.0
-S4. ~M.<)
Total Budget Authority
$15,867.0
$14,561.0
$9,762.0
-$4,799.0
Program Project Description:
The Wetland Program Development Grants (WPDGs) assist states, tribes, and local governments
to build or enhance their wetland protection and restoration programs. The program's grants are
used to develop new or refine existing state and tribal wetland programs in one or more of the
following areas: (1) monitoring and assessment; (2) voluntary restoration and protection; (3)
regulatory programs, including Section 401 certification and Section 404 assumption;23 and (4)
wetland water quality standards.
States and tribes develop program elements based on their goals and resources. The grants support
development of state and tribal wetland programs that further the goals of the Clean Water Act
and improve water quality in watersheds throughout the country. The grants are awarded on a
competitive basis under the authority of Section 104(b)(3) of the Clean Water Act. The grant
funding is split among EPA's 10 regions according to the number of states and territories per
region. Each region is required, by regulation, to compete the award of these funds to states, tribes,
local governments, interstate agencies, and inter-tribal consortia.24 In addition, EPA sets aside 10
percent of the appropriation for a grant competition specifically for tribes and inter-tribal consortia.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. EPA will continue to assist states and tribes in strengthening
wetland protection through documenting stresses or improvements to wetland condition, providing
tools for wetland restoration and protection, and developing regulatory controls to avoid,
minimize, and compensate for wetland impacts.
23 State and Tribal assumption of Section 404 is an approach that can be useful in streamlining 404 permitting in coordination with
other environmental and land use planning regulations. When states or tribes assume administration of the federal regulatory
program, Section 404 permit applicants seek permits from the state or tribe rather than the federal government. States and tribes
are in many cases located closer to the proposed activities and are often more familiar with local resources, issues, and needs. Even
when a state assumes permitting under Section 404, the Corps of Engineers retains jurisdiction for a certain portion of waters under
the CWA as well as those waters subject to Section 10 of the River and Harbors Act for permits.
24For more information, see http://water.epa.gov/grants funding/wetlands/estp.cfm.
554
-------
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$4,799.0) This program change reduces the Wetland Program Development grants. EPA
will work with states and tribes to target funds to core requirements while providing
flexibility to address particular priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act, § 104(b)(3).
555
-------
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S9.5-HU
SV.-IS-I.O
so.o
Total Budget Authority
$9,540.3
$9,484.0
$0.0
-$9,484.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Beaches Protection program awards grants to eligible coastal states, territories, and tribes
to monitor water quality at beaches and to notify the public, through beach advisories and closures,
when water quality exceeds applicable standards.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources have been eliminated for this program in FY 2019. EPA will encourage states to
continue beach monitoring and notification programs.
Performance Measure Targets:
This proposed disinvestment means that the Agency will no longer publish measures associated
with this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$9,484.0) This program change eliminates the Beaches Protection grant program, which
is a mature, well-established program supporting state beach monitoring and notification
programs that can continue to be implemented at the local level.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act; Beach Act of 2000.
556
-------
Categorical Grant: Lead
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Ensure Safety of Chemicals in the Marketplace
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S/4.S22.2
.S 13.154.0
S 0.0
-.S 13.V54.0
Total Budget Authority
$14,822.2
$13,954.0
$0.0
-$13,954.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Lead Paint Program is working to reduce the number of children with blood lead levels of
five micrograms per deciliter or higher. The Lead program also works to reduce the disparities in
blood lead levels between low-income children and non-low-income children.25 The Lead
Categorical Grant Program provides support to authorized states and tribal programs that
administer training and certification programs for lead professionals and contractors.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources and FTE have been eliminated for this program in FY 2019. Lead paint certification
will continue under the Chemical Risk Review Reduction program.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$13,954.0) This program change eliminates the Categorical Grant: Lead program.
Statutory Authority:
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), §§ 401-412.
25 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fourth Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Updated Tables,
(September, 2012). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/.
557
-------
Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Multiple
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S102. V
so.o
S 2'.000.0
S 2'.000.0
Total Budget Authority
$162.9
$0.0
$27,000.0
$27,000.0
Program Project Description:
EPA and its partners have made enormous progress in protecting air, water, and land resources.
The newly-proposed Multipurpose Grants program will differ from prior iterations by supporting
states, tribes, and territories in the implementation of mandatory statutory duties in environmental
programs delegated by EPA. Recognizing that environmental challenges differ due to variations
in geography, population density, and other factors, this program provides EPA's partners with
flexibility to target funds to their highest priority efforts to protect human health and the
environment.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports multiple objectives under Goal 1, Core Mission in EPA's
FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, these funds will support the implementation of
mandatory statutory duties delegated by EPA under pertinent environmental laws. States, tribes,
and territories will have the flexibility to apply the funds toward activities required in a broad array
of environmental statutes, depending on local needs and priorities. Results will be tracked as
required by the Environmental Results Order and could support critical work across multiple
environmental programs.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$27,000.0) Funding will enable states and tribes to target resources toward critical needs
in implementation of mandatory statutory programs.
558
-------
Statutory Authority:
Annual Appropriation Acts; GAP; PPA; FIFRA; CAA; TSCA; NEPA; CWA; SDWA; RCRA;
CERCLA; NAFIA; OAPCA; MPRSA; CRCA; Indoor Radon Abatement Act.
Note: EPA is currently seeking appropriations language to support this program: "Provided
further; That of the funds otherwise available under the heading State and Tribal Assistance
Grants; $27,000,000 shall be for multi-purpose grants for the implementation of mandatory
statutory duties in delegated environmental programs."
559
-------
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S
SIM. ~v/.«
so.o
-sir,v, ->.u)
Total Budget Authority
$169,771.6
$169,754.0
$0.0
-$169,754.0
Program Project Description:
Section 319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) authorizes states, territories, and tribes to use a range
of tools to implement their Nonpoint Source Programs.26 Grants under Section 319 are provided
to states, territories, and tribes to help them implement their EPA approved Nonpoint Source
Management Programs.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources for this program have been eliminated in FY 2019. The Agency will continue to
coordinate with the United States Department of Agriculture (USD A) on targeting funding where
appropriate to address nonpoint sources.
Performance Measure Targets:
This proposed disinvestment means that the Agency will no longer publish measures associated
with this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$169,754.0) This program change eliminates the Nonpoint Source grant program. There
are other sources of funding that support this type of work across government and the
Agency will partner with USD A to target their efforts.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act, § 319.
26 For more information, see: https://www.cfda.gov.
560
-------
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Cooperative Federalism
Objective(s): Enhance Shared Accountability
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
Stulc mill 1'ribul Assistance (iranls
.S 4.5t)4.(>
1 '
>
so.o
1 '
>
1
Total Budget Authority
$4,504.6
$4,733.0
$0.0
-$4,733.0
Program Project Description:
The Pollution Prevention (P2) Categorical Grants program augments the counterpart P2 program
under the Environmental Program and Management (EPM) account.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources and FTE have been eliminated for this program in FY 2019. Based on previous
investments in P2 solutions made under this program project, partners are expected to be able to
continue to share best practices and pursue additional pollution prevention solutions.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$4,733.0) This program change eliminates the Categorical Grant Pollution Prevention
program in FY 2019.
Statutory Authority:
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990; Toxic Substances Control Act.
561
-------
Categorical Grant: Radon
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
.S
so.o
Total Budget Authority
$7,963.4
$7,996.0
$0.0
-$7,996.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's non-regulatory radon program promotes public action to reduce the health risk from indoor
radon. EPA has assisted states and tribes through technical support and the State Indoor Radon
Grants (SIRG) program, which provided categorical grants to develop, implement, and enhance
programs that assess and mitigate radon risk. For over 30 years, EPA's radon program has provided
important guidance and significant funding to help states establish their own programs, which are
now mature. EPA supplemented grant dollars with technical support to transfer "best practices"
among states that promote effective program implementation across the nation.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources for this program are proposed for elimination in FY 2019.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$7,996.0) This program change proposes to eliminate funding for the Categorical Grant:
Radon program.
Statutory Authority:
CAA Amendments of 1990; Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act; Title IV of the
SARA of 1986; TSCA, Section 6, Titles II and Title III (15 U.S.C. 2605 and 2641-2671); and
IRAA, Section 306.
562
-------
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Revitalize Land and Prevent Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
s l.-I'V.-l
SI.-ISS.O
so.o
Total Budget Authority
$1,479.4
$1,488.0
$0.0
-$1,488.0
Program Project Description:
Releases of petroleum from underground storage tanks (UST) can contaminate groundwater, the
drinking water source for many Americans. The State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG)
program provides funding to states27 to bring UST systems into compliance with release
prevention and release detection requirements.
STAG funds are used by states to fund such activities as: seeking state program approval to operate
the UST program in lieu of the federal program; approving specific technologies to detect leaks
from tanks; ensuring that tank owners and operators are complying with notification and other
requirements; ensuring equipment compatibility; conducting inspections; and implementing
operator training.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources have been proposed for elimination for this program in FY 2019. States could elect to
maintain core program work with state resources rather than federal.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,488.0) This funding change proposes to eliminate the Categorical Grant: Underground
Storage Tanks program.
Statutory Authority:
Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1976, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986, § 2007(f); Energy Policy Act, § 9011.
27 States as referenced here also include the District of Columbia and five territories as described in the definition of state in the
Solid Waste Disposal Act.
563
-------
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
564
-------
Brownfields Projects
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Revitalize Land and Prevent Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
Sidle ant! Tribal Assistance (ii auls
SSSJ "0.2
S'V,
S02.000.0
-.S/
Total Budget Authority
$88,370.2
$79,457.0
$62,000.0
-$17,457.0
Program Project Description:
The Brownfields program awards grants and provides technical assistance to help states, tribes,
local communities, and other stakeholders involved in environmental revitalization and economic
redevelopment to work together to plan, inventory, assess, safely cleanup, and reuse brownfields.
Approximately 129 million people (roughly 40 percent of the U.S. population) live within three
miles of a brownfields site that received EPA funding.28 This idle land drags down property values
and can slow down a local economy. Brownfields redevelopment is a key to revitalizing main
streets, neighborhoods, and rural communities; increasing property values and creating jobs. Since
its inception, the Brownfields program has fostered a community-driven approach to reuse of
contaminated sites. As of the end of FY 2017, grants awarded by the program have led to over
69,200 acres of idle land made ready for productive use and over 129,240 jobs and $24.7 billion
leveraged.29 By awarding brownfields grants, EPA makes investments in communities so that they
can realize their own visions for land reuse, infrastructure development, economic growth, and job
creation.
Under this program, EPA will focus on core activities, providing funding for: 1) assessment
cooperative agreements and Targeted Brownfields Assessments (TBAs); 2) cleanup cooperative
agreements; and 3) research, training, and technical assistance to communities for brownfields-
related activities, including Land Revitalization.
A 2017 study found that housing property values increased 5 to 15.2 percent near brownfield sites
when cleanup was completed.30 Analysis of the data near 48 brownfields sites shows that an
estimated $29 to $97 million in additional tax revenue was generated for local governments in a
single year after cleanup. This is 2 to 7 times more than the $12.4 million EPA contributed to the
cleanup of those brownfields.31 In addition, based on historical data provided by the Assessment
1 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Estimate 2017. Data collected includes: (1) site information as of the end
of FY16; and (2) census data from the 20011-2015 American Community Survey.
29 EPA's ACRES database.
30Haninger, K.,L. Ma, andC. Timmins. 2017. The Value of Brownfield Remediation. Journal of the Association of Environmental
and Resource Economists, 4(1): 197-241.
31 Sullivan, K. A. 2017. Brownfields Remediation: Impact on Local Residential Property Tax Revenue. Journal of Environmental
Assessment Policy and Management, 19(3).
565
-------
Cleanup and Redevelopment Exchanges System (ACRES) database, $1 of EPA's Brownfields
funding leverages between $16 and $17 in other public and private funding.32
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.3, Revitalize Land and Prevent
Contamination in EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, EPA will build on current
work to revitalize communities across the country by providing financial and technical assistance
to assess, cleanup, and plan reuse at brownfields sites. The Brownfields program will continue to
foster federal, state, tribal, local, and public-private partnerships to return properties to productive
economic use. The activities described below will leverage approximately 5,270 jobs and
approximately $1 billion in other funding sources.33
Funding will support at least 105 assessment cooperative agreements (estimated $26.8
million) that recipients may use to inventory, assess, and conduct cleanup and reuse
planning at brownfields sites, as authorized under CERCLA 104(k)(2). Approximately 630
site assessments will be completed under these agreements.
EPA will provide $6.2 million for TBAs in up to 62 communities without access to other
assessment resources or those that lack the capacity to manage a brownfields assessment
grant. There is special emphasis for small and rural communities to submit requests for this
funding to ensure equal access to brownfields assessment resources. These assessments
will be performed through contracts and interagency agreements, as authorized by
CERCLA 104(k)(2).
Funding will support approximately 58 direct cleanup cooperative agreements (estimated
$11.5 million) to enable eligible entities to clean up recipient owned properties as
authorized under CERCLA 104(k)(3).
In FY 2019, the Agency will begin alternating the Environmental Workforce Development
& Job Training (EWDJT) competition to an every-other-year schedule.
Funding also will support assessment and cleanup of abandoned underground storage tanks
and other petroleum contamination found on brownfields properties (estimated $15.5
million) for up to approximately 62 brownfields assessment cooperative agreements and
five cleanup cooperative agreements, as authorized under CERCLA 104(k)(2) and (3). The
Brownfields statute requires the program to select the highest ranked proposals. In order to
meet this requirement, EPA is requesting flexibility to use up to 25 percent of its CERCLA
104(k) funding to address petroleum contaminated sites versus the exact 25 percent
identified by statute. This flexibility will allow EPA to select the highest risk projects and
meet the demand of the communities applying for the various brownfields grants.
Hazardous substances account for approximately two-thirds of all brownfields funding
32 For more information, please visit www, epa. gov/browafields.
33 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Estimate. All estimates of outputs and outcomes are supported by the
data that is entered by cooperative agreement recipients via EPA's ACRES database.
566
-------
requests in the past three years, while the demand for petroleum funding hovers around
one-third.
Funding also will support training, research, technical assistance cooperative agreements,
interagency agreements, and contracts to support states, tribes, and communities (estimated
$2.0 million) for both the Brownfields and Land Revitalization programs and other
assistance mechanisms, as authorized under CERCLA 104(k)(6).
All estimates of outputs and outcomes are supported by the data that is entered by
cooperative agreement recipients via the ACRES database and analyzed by EPA.
Maintenance of ACRES, focus on the input of high quality data, and robust analysis
regarding program outcomes and performance will continue to be a priorities during FY
2019.
Performance Measure Targets:
(B32) Number of properties cleaned up using brownfields funding.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
130
130
(B30) Number of brownfields sites made ready for anticipated use.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
684
684
(B34) Jobs leveraged from brownfields activities.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
7,000
7,000
(B29) Number of brownfield properties assessed.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
1,300
1,300
(B37) Billions of dollars of cleanup and redevelopment funds leveraged at
brownfields sites.
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
1.1
1.1
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$17,457.0) This program change reflects a focus on assessment and direct cleanup grants,
while reducing TBAs and other program activities.
Statutory Authority:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as
amended by the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, §§ 101, 104,
107.
567
-------
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S-I0.0S10
S5V. 5V.1.0
S 10.000.0
-.S -IV.5V3.0
Total Budget Authority
$40,683.0
$59,593.0
$10,000.0
-$49,593.0
Program Project Description:
The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Grant Program provides emission reductions
from existing diesel engines through engine retrofits, rebuilds, and replacements; switching to
cleaner fuels; idling reduction; and other clean diesel strategies. The DERA program was initially
authorized in Sections 791-797 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and reauthorized by the Diesel
Emission Reduction Act of 2010.
From goods movement to building construction to public transportation, diesel engines are the
modern-day workhorse of the American economy. Diesel engines are extremely efficient and
power nearly every major piece of machinery and equipment on farms, construction sites, in
ports, and on highways. As the Agency's heavy-duty highway and nonroad diesel engines
emissions standards came into effect in 2007 and 2008 respectively, new cleaner diesel engines
started to enter the nation's fleet. However, today there are still more than 10 million engines in
use that will continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. EPA's
DERA program promotes strategies to reduce these emissions and protect public health, by
working with manufacturers, fleet operators, air quality professionals, environmental and
community organizations, and state and local officials. While the DERA grants accelerate the
pace at which dirty engines are retired or retrofitted, pollution emissions from the legacy fleet
also will be reduced over time without additional DERA funding as portions of the fleet turnover
are replaced with new engines that meet modern emission standards. However, even with
attrition through fleet turnover, the Agency estimates that approximately one million old diesel
engines would still remain in use in 2030.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.1, Improve Air Quality in EPA's
FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. In FY 2019, EPA will continue to target its discretionary funding
to direct DERA grants and rebates to reduce diesel emissions in priority areas and areas of highly
concentrated diesel pollution with a primary focus on ports and school buses. EPA estimates that
about 39 million people in the U.S. currently live in close proximity to ports. These people can be
exposed to air pollution associated with emissions from diesel engines at ports including
particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and air toxics, which can contribute to significant health
568
-------
problemsincluding premature mortality, increased hospital admissions for heart and lung
disease, increased cancer risk, and increased respiratory symptoms - especially for children, the
elderly, outdoor workers, and other sensitive populations.34 School buses provide the safest
transportation to and from school for more than 25 million American children every day. However,
diesel exhaust from these buses has a negative impact on human health, especially for children
who have a faster breathing rate than adults and whose lungs are not yet fully developed.
Using the formula outlined in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, eligible U.S. states and territories
receive 30 percent of the annual DERA appropriation for the establishment of clean diesel grant,
rebate and loan programs. The remaining DERA funding is split into two categories. The first
category allocates funds to a rebate program that was first established under DERA's 2010
reauthorization. Through the rebate mechanism, the Agency will more efficiently and precisely
target the awards toward improving children's health and turning over the nation's school bus
fleet. In addition, this rebate mechanism can be used to provide funding directly to private
fleets. The second category allocates funds toward national grants focusing on areas with poor
air quality, especially those impacted most severely by ports and goods movement. EPA also will
continue to track, assess, and report the results of DERA grants, such as numbers of engines,
emissions benefits, and cost-benefit information.35 Finally, EPA will continue to provide diesel
emission reduction technology verification and evaluation and provide that information to the
public.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$49,593.0) This program change is a reduction in the overall amount of DERA grant
funding, directing DERA grants and rebates to reduce diesel emissions in priority areas of
highly concentrated diesel pollution.
Statutory Authority:
Energy Policy Act of 2005, §§ 741, 791-797; Diesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2010.
34 EPA's National Port Strategy Assessment report of 2016, https://www.epa.gov/ports-initiative/national-port-strategy-
assessment.
35 List of all grant awards under DERA can be found at https://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/clean-diesel-national-grants.
569
-------
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
State and Tribal Assistance (irants
S1JS0. 1
S1JS-U2I.0
SlJVj.SS'.O
s'j.-im.o
Total Budget Authority
$1,380,738.8
$1,384,421.0
$1,393,887.0
$9,466.0
Total Workyears
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) program capitalizes state revolving loan funds
in all 50 states and Puerto Rico to finance infrastructure improvements for public wastewater
systems and projects to improve water quality. These funds directly support the Agency's goal to
ensure waters are clean through improved water infrastructure and sustainable management.
The CWSRF is the largest source of federal funds for states to provide loans and other forms of
assistance for water quality projects including construction of wastewater treatment facilities,
water and energy efficiency projects, green infrastructure projects, and agricultural best
management practices (BMPs). This program also includes a provision for set-aside funding for
tribes to address serious wastewater infrastructure needs and associated health impacts. It also
provides direct grant funding for the District of Columbia and territories. This federal investment
is designed to be used in concert with other sources of funds to address water quality needs.36
Additional tools, such as additional subsidization, are available to assist small and disadvantaged
communities. The CWSRF program is a key component EPA's efforts to achieve innovative
solutions to wastewater infrastructure needs, and realize economic and environmental benefits that
will continue to accrue for years in the future.
The revolving nature of the funds and substantial state contributions have greatly multiplied the
federal investment. EPA estimates that for every federal dollar contributed thus far the nation has
received close to three dollars of investment in water infrastructure.37 As of June 2017, the state
CWSRFs have provided over $126.1 billion in affordable financing for a wide variety of
wastewater infrastructure and other water quality projects.38 In the past year alone, nearly 1,500
assistance agreements went to communities of all sizes, funding over $7.4 billion in projects aimed
at treating wastewater, addressing stormwater runoff, tackling non-point source pollution, and
addressing a myriad of other environmental issues.39 The CWSRF program measures and tracks
36 See littp: //www.epa. gov/cwsrf for more information.
37 See https://www.epa.gov/sites/productioii/files/201.6-12/docuiiieiits/usl6.pdf for more information
38 Clean Water State Revolving Fund National Information Management System. US EPA, Office of Water, National Information
Management System Reports: Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Washington, DC (As of June 30,2017).
39 Clean Water State Revolving Fund National Information Management System. US EPA, Office of Water, National Information
Management System Reports: Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Washington, DC (As of June 30,2017).
570
-------
the average national rate at which available funds are loaned, assuring that the fund program
expeditiously supports EPA's water quality goals, as of June 30, 2017, over 98 percent of the
available funding has been committed to projects.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. The Agency is requesting nearly $1,394 billion in FY 2019
to provide funding for critical wastewater infrastructure. In FY 2019, EPA requests nearly $2.3
billion for the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds, combined. These funding
levels further infrastructure repair and replacement and would allow states, municipalities, and
private entities to continue to finance high priority infrastructure investments that protect human
health.
This federal investment will continue to enable progress toward the nation's clean water needs and
infrastructure priorities and will contribute to the long-term environmental goal of impaired
waterbodies attaining designated uses. EPA continues to work with states to meet several key
objectives, such as:
Linking projects to environmental results;
Targeting assistance to small and underserved communities with limited ability to repay
loans; and
Ensuring the CWSRFs remain reliable sources of affordable funding.
EPA requests that 10-20 percent of the total CWSRF funds made available to each state be used
to provide additional subsidization to eligible recipients in the form of forgiveness of principal,
negative interest loans, or grants (or any combination of these).
In addition to capitalizing the CWSRF, a portion of the appropriation also will provide direct grants
to communities within the tribes and territories. These communities are in great need of assistance
given that their sanitation infrastructure lags behind the rest of the country causing significant
public health concerns. To ensure that sufficient resources are directed toward these communities
that face additional challenges, EPA continues to request a tribal set-aside of 2 percent, or $30
million, whichever is greatest, of the funds appropriated in FY 2019. EPA also continues to request
a territories set-aside of 1.5 percent of the funds appropriated from the CWSRF for American
Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern Marianas, and the United States Virgin Islands.
EPA requests that up to $2 million of the tribal set-aside for training and technical assistance be
related to operation and management of tribal wastewater treatment works. EPA also requests the
ability to use the tribal and territorial set-asides to support planning and design of treatment works
and for the construction, repair, or replacement of privately owned decentralized wastewater
treatment systems serving one or more principal residences or small commercial establishments,
authority similar to that already available to states. Expanded support for planning and design will
protect the federal investment in wastewater infrastructure and ensure access to safe wastewater
treatment for tribes and territories that face significant challenges with sanitation infrastructure.
The ability for both the tribes and territories to construct, repair, or replace decentralized
571
-------
wastewater treatment systems will allow the flexibility that these communities require to provide
wastewater infrastructure that is appropriate for the communities' unique circumstances.
EPA will partner with states to ensure that the CWSRF continues to play an important role in
promoting efficient system-wide planning; improvements in technical, financial and managerial
capacity; and the design, construction and ongoing management of sustainable water
infrastructure. EPA also continues to support the national implementation of the CWSRF
American Iron and Steel (AIS) requirement. Through technical assistance, market analysis, and
stakeholder engagement, the AIS program administers the requirement for use of domestic iron
and steel products in water infrastructure projects.
Elsewhere in the FY 2019 budget, EPA requests $20 million for the Water Infrastructure Finance
and Innovation Act (WIFIA) program. Through WIFIA, EPA will make direct loans to regionally
or nationally significant water infrastructure projects. These combined investments, the SRFs and
WIFIA, further the Agency' s ongoing commitment to infrastructure repair and replacement. These
investments also will complement infrastructure funding requested through the President's
Infrastructure Initiative.
Performance Measure Targets:
FY 2018
FY 2019
(INFRA-03) Fund utilization rate for the CWSRF.
Target
Target
98
98
Work under the Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, Infrastructure
Assistance: Clean Water State Revolving Fund, and the Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation program projects all support performance measure (INFRA-01) Number of non-federal
dollars leveraged by EPA water infrastructure finance programs (CWSRF, DWSRF and WIFIA).
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$9,466.0) This program change is an increase to state Clean Water SRF programs, which
EPA will apply based on the Clean Water Act formula. Combined investments in the two
SRFs, along with WIFIA, will promote water and wastewater infrastructure improvements.
Statutory Authority:
Title VI of the Clean Water Act; Title V of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of
2014.
572
-------
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SV-/-IJV2.1
SX5~J '1.0
S.\Sf>2.0
Total Budget Authority
$944,392.1
$857,371.0
$863,233.0
$5,862.0
Total Workyears
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) is designed to assist public water systems
in financing the costs of drinking water infrastructure improvements needed to achieve or maintain
compliance with Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requirements and to protect public health as
well as support state and local efforts to protect drinking water. The 2011 Drinking Water
Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment (D WINS A), conducted every four years, indicated a
20-year capital investment need of $384.2 billion for public water systems that are eligible to
receive funding from state DWSRF programs. The capital investment need, based on the 2011
survey included approximately 52,000 community water systems and 21,400 not-for-profit non-
community water systems (including schools and churches).40 The needs reflect costs for repairs
and replacement of leaking transmission pipes and deteriorated storage and treatment equipment,
as well as other projects required to protect public health and to ensure compliance with the
SDWA. The DWSRF can help communities replace lead service lines by providing principal
forgiveness and low interest loans, and maximizing the use of the DWSRF set-asides to fund
corrosion control studies when an action level exceedance is triggered.
To reduce public health risks and to help ensure safe and reliable delivery of drinking water
nationwide, EPA makes capitalization grants to states so that they can provide low-cost loans and
other assistance to eligible public water systems and maintain robust drinking water protection
programs. The program emphasizes that, in addition to maintaining the statutory focus on
addressing the greatest public health risks first, states can utilize set-asides to assist small systems
and those most in need on a per household basis according to state affordability criteria.
The DWSRF program provides communities access to critical low-cost financing and offers a
limited subsidy to help utilities address long-term needs associated with water infrastructure. Most
DWSRF assistance is offered in the form of loans which water utilities repay from the revenues
they generate through the rates they charge their customers for service. Water utilities in many
communities may need to evaluate the rate at which they invest in drinking water infrastructure
40 For more information, see: http://water.epa.gov/grants funding/dwsrf/upload/epa816rl 3006.pdf.
573
-------
repair and replacement to keep pace with their aging infrastructure, much of which may be
approaching the end of its useful life.41
To protect public health and wellbeing, utilities must provide continuous access to safe drinking
water. The delivery of safe drinking water is often taken for granted and is frequently undervalued,
which presents considerable challenges to the completion of infrastructure upgrades that are
necessary to protect public health. More than 151,000 public water systems42 provide drinking
water to the approximately 320 million persons in the U.S. More than 97 percent of these public
water systems serve fewer than 10,000 persons.43 While most small systems consistently provide
safe, reliable drinking water to their customers, many small systems are facing a number of
significant challenges in their ability to achieve and maintain system sustainability. EPA is
emphasizing attention to the needs of these small communities/systems while retaining state
flexibility in the management of their funds. EPA continues its small systems focus by working
closely with state programs to improve public water system sustainability and public health
protection for persons served by small water systems.
These approaches have resulted in high system compliance; 93 percent of community water
systems (CWSs) met all applicable health-based standards, surpassing the FY 2017 target of 90
percent. In addition, 90.5 percent of the Indian Country population received drinking water that
met all applicable health-based drinking water standards. Continuing this success in many small
systems will be a challenge, given aging infrastructure, difficulties in complying with regulatory
requirements, workforce shortages/high-turnover, increasing costs, and declining rate bases. In FY
2017, small community water system violations made up 94 percent44 of the overall violations
from all size systems.
State Set-Asides
States have considerable flexibility to tailor their DWSRF program to their unique circumstances.
This flexibility ensures that each state has the opportunity to carefully and strategically consider
how best to achieve the maximum public health protection. For example, states may set aside and
award funds for targeted activities that can help them implement and expand their drinking water
programs. The four DWSRF set-asides45 are: Small System Technical Assistance (up to 2 percent),
Administrative and Technical Assistance46 (up to 4 percent, $400,000 or l/5th percent of the
current valuation of the fund, whichever is greater), State Program Management (up to 10 percent),
and Local Assistance and Other State Programs (up to 15 percent). Taken together, approximately
31 percent of a state's DWSRF capitalization grant may be set aside for activities other than
infrastructure construction. These set asides enable states to improve water system operation and
management, emphasizing institutional capacity as a means of achieving sustainable water system
operations. Historically, the states have set aside an annual average of 16 percent of the funds
41 For more information, see: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/epa816rl 3006.pdf
42 For more information, see: https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/drinking-water-tools
43 For more information, see: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/databases/drink/sdwisfed/pivottables.cfm
44 https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/drinking-water-tools
45 https://www.epa.gOv/drinkingwatersrf/how-drinking-water-state-revolving-fund-works#tab-5
46 https://www.congress.gOv/bill/l 14th-congress/senate-bill/612/text
574
-------
awarded to them for program development, of which 4 percent is used to administer the program;
however, over the past three years, states have increased their set-asides taken to around 20 percent.
The federal investment is designed to be used in concert with other sources of funds to address
drinking water infrastructure needs. States are required to provide a 20 percent match for their
capitalization grant. Some states elect to leverage their capitalization grants through the public
debt markets to enable the state to provide more assistance. These features, including state match
leveraging, and the revolving fund design of the program, have enabled the states to provide
assistance equal to 187 percent of the federal capitalization invested in the program since its
inception in 1997. In other words, for every one dollar the federal government invests in this
program, the states, in total, have been able to deliver $1.87 in assistance to water systems. In
addition, the DWSRF's rate of funds utilized (the cumulative dollar amount of loan agreements
divided by cumulative funds available for projects) was 96 percent in 2017, exceeding its target of
89 percent.
National Set-Asides
Prior to allotting funds to the states, EPA is required to reserve certain national level set-asides.47
Two million dollars must, by statute, be allocated to small systems monitoring for unregulated
contaminants to facilitate small water system compliance with the monitoring and reporting
requirements of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). Historically, a
three-year sampling period occurs within each five-year monitoring cycle. During the sampling
period, fund utilization exceeds the annual appropriation of $2 million and the carry-over reserve
funds from non-sampling years become essential to complete the small system monitoring efforts.
EPA will reserve up to 2 percent, or $20 million, whichever is greater, of appropriated funds for
Indian tribes and Alaska Native Villages. These funds are awarded either directly to tribes or, on
behalf of tribes, to the Indian Health Service through interagency agreements. Additionally, EPA
will continue to set aside up to 1.5 percent for territories.48
In addition, the law49 requires that none of the funds made available by a Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund as authorized by Section 1452 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-
12) shall be used for a project for the construction, alteration, maintenance, or repair of a public
water system unless all of the iron and steel products used in the project are produced in the United
States. The Administrator may retain up to 0.25 percent of the funds appropriated in this Act for
the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds for carrying out the provisions for
management and oversight of the requirements of this section.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. For FY 2019, EPA requests $863 million for the DWSRF
47 Safe Drinking Water Act Sections 1452(i)(l), 1452(i)(2), 1452(j), and 1452(o), as amended.
48 For more information see:
https://www.cfda. gov/index?s=program&mode=form&tab=stepl&id=d33d92f2df290e0c2365599cb091D669
49 Continuing Appropriations Act 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017 (P.L. 115-
56), enacted September.
575
-------
to help finance critical infrastructure improvement projects to public drinking water systems. In
FY 2019, EPA requests nearly $2.3 billion for the Drinking Water and Clean Water State
Revolving Funds, combined. The budget provides robust funding for critical drinking and
wastewater infrastructure. These funding levels further the President's ongoing commitment to
infrastructure repair and replacement and would allow states, municipalities, and private entities
to continue to finance high priority infrastructure investments that protect human health. In
addition, these funds directly support the Agency's goal to ensure waters are clean through
improved water infrastructure and sustainable management to support drinking water.
The requested funding level reflects the documented needs for drinking water infrastructure and
the need to improve infrastructure in small communities and will help the programs reach more
communities due to the revolving nature of the funds. EPA will continue to foster its strong
partnership with the states to provide small system technical assistance, with a focus on rule
compliance, operational efficiencies, and system sustainability to ensure clean and safe water. In
FY 2019, EPA will continue its effort to build the capacity of local utilities and existing state
programs to expand their knowledge of the wide array of funding options available to meet future
infrastructure needs. The requested funding for this program will support critical infrastructure
investments to rebuild and enhance America's drinking water infrastructure.
In FY 2019, appropriated DWSRF funds will be allocated to the states in accordance with each
state's proportion of total drinking water infrastructure need based on the latest DWINSA. EPA
also has published data concerning the drinking water infrastructure needs of water systems
serving tribes and Alaskan Native Villages. Also, there is a statutory requirement that each state
and the District of Columbia receive no less than one percent of the allotment.
EPA will continue to work to target a significant portion of SRF assistance to small and
underserved communities with limited ability to repay loans. In FY 2019, EPA will work with
states to ensure not less than 20 and not more than 30 percent of a state's capitalization grant is
provided as additional subsidization. EPA encourages states to utilize subsidization to assist
disadvantaged communities and sustainability efforts.
As a result of EPA's efforts with states to fully utilize DWSRF funds available, unliquidated
obligations (ULOs) decreased by 69 percent, or approximately $1 billion, from FY 2012 to
FY 2017. In FY 2019, EPA will continue to work with states with higher ULOs to address
institutional obstacles in order to eliminate or minimize their ULO amounts.
In FY 2019, the DWSRF program will continue to implement the Clean Water and Drinking Water
Infrastructure Sustainability Policy that focuses on promoting system-wide planning that helps
align water infrastructure system goals; analyzing a range of infrastructure alternatives, including
energy efficient alternatives; and ensuring that systems have the financial capacity and rate
structures to construct, operate, maintain, and replace infrastructure over time. As part of that
strategy, the federal dollars provided through the State Revolving Funds also will act as a catalyst
for efficient system-wide planning, improvements in technical, financial and managerial capacity;
and the design, construction and ongoing management of sustainable water infrastructure.
576
-------
In FY 2019, EPA is continuing emphasis on strengthening small system technical, managerial and
financial capability through the implementation of the Capacity Development Program, the
Operator Certification Program, the Public Water System Supervision state grant program, and the
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. The Capacity Development Program establishes a
framework within which states and water systems can work together to help these small systems
achieve the SDWA's public health protection objectives. The state Capacity Development
Programs are supported federally by the Public Water System Supervision state grant funds and
the set-asides established in the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. Since the 1996
Amendments, states have implemented a variety of activities to assist small systems with their
compliance challenges and enhance their technical, managerial, and financial capacity.
In addition to the robust funding for critical drinking and wastewater infrastructure, EPA requests
$20 million for the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) program. Through
WIFIA, EPA will make direct loans to regionally or nationally significant water infrastructure
projects. These combined investments, the SRFs and WIFIA, further the Agency's ongoing
commitment to infrastructure repair and replacement.
Performance Measure Targets:
FY 2018
FY 2019
(INFRA-02) Fund utilization rate for the DWSRF.
Target
Target
96
97
Work under the Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, Infrastructure
Assistance: Clean Water State Revolving Fund, and the Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation program projects all support performance measure (INFRA-01) Number of non-federal
dollars leveraged by EPA water infrastructure finance programs (CWSRF, DWSRF and WIFIA).
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$5,862.0) This program change reflects an increase in state Drinking Water SRF
programs, which EPA will apply based on the Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey
formula. Combined investments in the two SRFs, along with WIFIA, will promote water
and wastewater infrastructure improvements.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act, § 1452.
577
-------
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S20.0S1 ~
S l
-------
While the gains in the program have been significant, ANV communities continue to trail behind
the non-Tribal/non-native population in the U.S. with access to water and sanitation. In Alaska,
5.1 percent of Native and Rural serviceable households1 are without complete indoor plumbing, a
much higher figure than the national average of 0.4 percent (US Census Survey 2012) of occupied
homes that lacked complete indoor plumbing.
The ANV program has shown significant progress (see Figure 1 below) documenting, since 2005,
the number of projects and ANV homes with increased access to safe water and sanitation (in
combination with other federal agencies). Over this period of time the ANV program contributed
about 35 percent (including the required State match) of all available funding from federal
agencies.
Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in Alaska Native Villages
by Year Due to Federal Investment, in Coordination
With Other Federal Agencies
25,000
180
160
20,000
120 .O
E 15,000
100
Number of Homes Connected (Cumulative)
60
Number of Projects (Cumulative)
40
5,000
20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Figure 1: Chart data source: Indian Health Service Sanitation Tracking and Reporting System
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.2, Provide Clean and Safe Water in
EPA's FY 2018 - 2022 Strategic Plan. The FY 2019 request of $3 million will provide water
services for additional homes and maintain the existing level of wastewater and drinking water
infrastructure that meets public health standards. Based on data from the past three years of funding
to the ANV program, $3 million in ANV funds would improve the drinking water and/or
wastewater services to about 350 homes in rural Alaska. Additionally, the FY 2019 request will
continue to support training, technical assistance, and educational programs that protect existing
federal investments in infrastructure by improving operation and maintenance of the systems.
In FY 2019, the Agency will continue to work with the State of Alaska to address sanitation
conditions and maximize the value of the federal investment in rural Alaska. EPA will continue to
579
-------
implement the Alaska Rural and Native Village "Management Controls Policy," adopted in June
2007, to ensure efficient use of funds by allocating them to projects that are ready to proceed or
progressing satisfactorily. The Agency has made great strides in implementing more focused and
intensive oversight of the ANV grant program through cost analyses, post-award monitoring, and
timely closeout of projects.
The State Revolving Funds are a source of infrastructure funding that can continue to fund water
system improvements in Alaska.
Performance Measure Targets:
(INFRA-04) Number of American Indian and Alaska Native homes provided access
to safe drinking water in coordination with other federal agencies (cumulative).
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
148,100
152,700
(INFRA-05) Number of American Indian and Alaska Native homes provided access
to basic sanitation in coordination with other federal agencies (cumulative).
FY 2018
Target
FY 2019
Target
105,764
110,464
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$16,864.0) This program change reduces support for the Alaska Rural and Native
Villages program. EPA estimates that this request level will improve the drinking water
and/or wastewater services to approximately 350 homes in rural Alaska. The State
Revolving Funds are an additional source of infrastructure funding that can continue to
fund water system improvements in Alaska.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996, § 303; Clean Water Act, § 1263a.
580
-------
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SlW2.t>
so.o
-SV.V32.tt
Total Budget Authority
$10,628.2
$9,932.0
$0.0
-$9,932.0
Program Project Description:
The U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure program supports the planning, design, and
construction of water and wastewater treatment facilities along the border with all projects
benefiting communities on the U.S. side of the border.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources are proposed for elimination for this program in FY 2019. The State Revolving Funds
are a source of infrastructure funding that can continue to fund water system improvements in U.S.
communities along the border.
Performance Measure Targets:
This proposed disinvestment means that the Agency will no longer publish measures associated
with this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$9,932.0) This program change proposes to eliminate the U.S.-Mexico Border Water
Infrastructure program. Other sources of funding are available to support these efforts in
U.S. communities along the border, most notably the Clean Water and Drinking Water
State Revolving Funds.
Statutory Authority:
Treaty entitled "Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States
on Cooperation for the Protection and Improvement of the Environment in the Border Area,
August 14, 1983".
581
-------
Targeted Airshed Grants
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S/'AiSViS'. /
.S 2 V,
so.o
-S29. '<>(>.()
Total Budget Authority
$19,818.1
$29,796.0
$0.0
-$29,796.0
Program Project Description:
In FY 2017, this program requested applications for approximately $30 million in competitive
grant funding to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas that were ranked as the top five most
polluted areas relative to annual ozone or PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS); as well as the top five areas relative to the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS. This program
assisted air control agencies in developing plans, conducting demonstrations, and implementing
projects in order to reduce air pollution in these nonattainment areas.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources for this program are proposed for elimination in FY 2019. States can continue to fund
emissions reduction activities through the EPA's core air grant programs and statutes.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$29,796.0) This program change proposes to eliminate the Targeted Airshed Grants
program.
Statutory Authority:
P-L. 115-31.
582
-------
GKM Water Monitoring
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Core Mission
Objective(s): Provide Clean and Safe Water
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2017
Actuals
FY 2018
Annualized
CR
FY 2019 Pres
Budget
FY 2019 Pres
Budget v.
FY 2018 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SI 0x5
so.o
s.i.'J'.in
Total Budget Authority
$105.5
$3,973.0
$0.0
-$3,973.0
Program Project Description:
The Gold King Mine Water Monitoring program supports development and implementation of a
program for monitoring of rivers contaminated by the Gold King Mine Spill.
FY 2019 Activities and Performance Plan:
Resources have been eliminated for this program in FY 2019.
Performance Measure Targets:
Currently there are no performance measures specific to this program.
FY 2019 Change from FY 2018 Annualized Continuing Resolution (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$3,973.0) This program change eliminates the Gold King Mine Water Monitoring
Program. There are other sources of funding that support water monitoring activities,
including Pollution Control (Section 106) program grants.
Statutory Authority:
Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, Title IV, Section 5004(d); Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2017, P. L. 115-31; Clean Water Act, § 106.
583
-------
584
------- |