Fast Facts from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2016


Fast Facts
National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory
total emissions
total emissions
CO, emissions
CO emissions
Transportation
Electricity
2016 Total Emissions
United States
Environmental Protection
i Agency
April 2018
EPA 430-F-l 8-002
Industry
Agriculture
2015-2016 Change
Commercial
Residential
1990-2016 Change
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
ffli nr i
from
fossil
f 4.8%
Remissions rrc
fuel combustion
6,511 million metric tons of CO, equivalent
*
1.6%
C02 emissions from fossil
fuel combustion
Methane (CH.)
C02 emissions from
fossil fuel combustion:
76.3%
of total emissions
C02 removals by forests
and other lands:
11.6%
of total emissions
Fluorinated Gases
Nitrous Oxide (N20)
To learn more about the inventory, visit
www.epa.gov/ahciemissions/inventorv-us-qreenhouse-qas-emissions-and-sinks. or
explore the data at www3.epa.gov/dimatechanqe/qhqemissions/inventorvexplorer.

-------
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
by Gas
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT C02 Equivalents)
8,000-,
7,000-
6,000-
5,000-
4,000-
3,000-
2,000-
1,000-
0
iHFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF,
I Methane
Nitrous Oxide
I Carbon Dioxide
o>— Mrt^moNcoaor- Mrt"jii)'OMOO— i— i— i— i— i— i— i— i— i— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks
by Chapter/IPCC Sector
¦Waste I Industrial Processes ^Agriculture
¦ Energy ¦ Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
(sinks)

8,000 -1

7,000-

6,000-
&
5,000-
0
4,000-
0
t—
p
3,000-
5


2,000-

1,000-
0-
-1,000-
Oi— cMco^iooNcoooi— (Mrt^moMOOOr- cm co ^ m o
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOi— i— i— i— i— i— i—
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
r— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCNJ
-------
Global Warming Potentials (100-Year Time Horizon)
Carbon Information
sum
Gas
GWP
CO,
1
ch4
25
n2q
298
HFC-23
14,800
HFC-32
675
HFC-43-10mee
1,640
HFC-125
3,500
HFC-134a
1,430
HFC-143a
4,470
HFC-152a
124
HFC-227ea
3,220
HFC-236fa
9,810
cf4
7,390

12,200
¦
8,830
8ft,
8,860
c-C/s
10,300

9,160
I''.
9,300

22,800
NF,
17,200
Global warming potential (GWP) is defined
as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of
a gas over a specified time horizon resulting
from the emission of a unit mass of gas
relative to a reference gas. The GWP-weighted
emissions of direct greenhouse gases in
the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of
equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (CO.,),
using units of million metric tons of carbon
dioxide equivalents (MMT CGt, Eq.).
Conversion:
1 million metric tons = 106 metric tons = 105 kg.
The molecularweight of carbon is 12,and the
molecular weight of oxygen is 16; therefore,
the molecular weight of CO;-, is 44 (i.e., 12
+ [16 x 2]), as compared to 12 for carbon
alone.Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to
carbon dioxide is 12/44.
Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents:
/ Gg \	/ MMT \
MMT CO,Eq. = (0f gasj x (GWP) x ^ooo Ggj
Source:
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007)
Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type
The values in this table provide conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents.
These factors can be used as default factors, if local data are not available.
Fuel Type
Heat Content
Carbon (C) Content
Coefficients
Carbon Dioxide (CO,) per Physical Unit
Solid Fuels
Million Btu/MetricTon
kg C/Million Btu
kg C02/Metric Ton
Anthracite Coal
24.88
28.28
2,579.9
Bituminous Coal
26.33
25.44
2,456.1
Sub-bituminous Coal
18.89
26.50
1,835.5
Lignite
14.18
26.65
1,385.6
Coke
25.76
31.00
2,928.1
Unspecified Coal
27.58
25.34
2,562.3
Gas Fuels
Btu/Cubic Foot
kg C/Million Btu
kg C02/Cubic Foot
Natural Gas
1,037
14.46
0.0550
Liquid Fuels
Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel
kg C/Million Btu
kg COj/Petroleum Barrel
Motor Gasoline
5.06
19.46
361.0
Distillate Fuel Oil
5.77
20.17
426.7
Residual Fuel Oil
6.29
20.48
472.3
Jet Fuel
5.67
19.70
409.6
Aviation Gasoline
5.05
18.86
349.2
LPG
3.55
16.83
219.1
Kerosene
5.67
19.96
415.0
Still Gas
6.29
18.20
419.8
Petroleum Coke
6.10
27.85
622.9
Peritanes Plus
4.62
19.10
323.6
Unfinished Oils
5.83
20.31
434.2
Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 2016 U.S. average values. All factors are presented in gross
calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). LPG = liquefied petroleum gases.
Energy Units
Unit Conversions
Btu
British thermal unit
1 Btu
MRtu
Thru iQnnrl Rti i
i wifteni

MMBtu
Million Btu
1 x 106 Btu
BBtu
Billion Btu
1 x TO9 Btu
TBtu
Triilion Btu
1 x 1 (F Btu
QBtu
Quadrillion Btu
1 x 10W Btu
For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID
data at www.epa.qov/enerav/earid.
For other related information, see www.epa.aov/ahaemissions and
https://unfccc.int.
1 pound
= 0.454 kilograms
= 16 ounces

1 kilogram
= 2.205 pounds
= 35,27 ounces

1 short ton
= 0.9072 metric tons
= 2,000 pounds

1 cubic foot
= 0.02832 cubic meters
= 28.3168 liters

1 cubic meter
= 35.315 cubic feet
= 1,000 liters

1 U.S. gallon
= 3.78541 liters
= 0.03175 barrels
= 0.02381 barrels petroleum
1 liter
= 0.2642 U.S. gallons
= 0.0084 barrels
= 0.0063 barrels petroleum
1 barrel
= 31.5 U.S. gallons
= 119 liters
= 0.75 barrels petroleum
1 barrel petroleum
= 42 U.S. gallons
= 159 liters

1 mile
= 1 609 kilometers
= 5,280 feet

1 kilometer
= 0.6214 miles
= 3,280.84 feet

1 square mile
= 2.590 square kilometers
= 640 acres

1 square kilometer
= 0.386 square miles
= 100 hectares

1 acre
= 43,560 square feet
= 0.4047 hectares
= 4,047 square meters
-------