Environmental Technology Verification Test Report of Control of Bioaerosols in HVAC Systems Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 Prepared by Research Triangle Institute HRTI INTERNATIONAL Under a Contract with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency seEPA ETVET^ ETN/ ------- THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM as EPA BRTI INTERNATIONAL U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Institute ETV Joint Verification Statement TECHNOLOGY TYPE: APPLICATION: TECHNOLOGY NAME: COMPANY: ADDRESS: WEB SITE: E-MAIL: VENTILATION MEDIA AIR FILTER FILTRATION EFFICIENCY OF BIOAEROSOLS IN HVAC SYSTEMS Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 Aeolus Corporation 6306A Old 421 Rd PHONE: 336-622-5122 Liberty, NC 27298 FAX: (336) 622-5125 http://www.aeoluscorp.com billmatkins@msn.com The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has created the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through performance verification and dissemination of information. The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by substantially accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies. ETV seeks to achieve this goal by providing high quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those involved in the design, distribution, financing, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies. ETV works with recognized standards and testing organizations; stakeholder groups which consist of buyers, vendor organizations, permitters, and other interested parties; and with the full participation of individual technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative and improved technologies by developing test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer-reviewed reports. All evaluations are conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate quality are generated and that the results are defensible. EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory contracted with the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) to establish a homeland-security-related ETV Program for products that clean ventilation air. RTI evaluated the performance of ventilation air filters used in building heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. This verification statement provides a summary of the test results for the Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13- 2424 media air filter. S-l ------- VERIFICATION TEST DESCRIPTION All tests were performed in accordance with RTFs "Test/Quality Assurance Project Plan: Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters," which was approved by EPA. Fests were performed for the following: • Bioaerosol filtration efficiency tests of the clean and dust-loaded filter. Fhree bioaerosols were used in the testing: o Fhe spore form of the bacteria Bacillus atrophaeus (BG), a gram-positive spore- forming bacteria elliptically shaped with dimensions of 0.7 to 0.8 by 1 to 1.5 ,am, Serratia mcircescens, a rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria with a size of 0.5 to 0.8 by 0.9 to 2.0 ,um. and Fhe bacterial virus (bacteriophage) MS2 dispersed as a micrometer-sized poly disperse aerosol. Inert aerosol filtration efficiency tests consisting of an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 52.2-1999 type test (0.3 to 10 jam) and extended fractional efficiency measurements down to 0.02 Jim particle diameter on both clean and dust-loaded filter. ASHRAE 52.2 test. Fhis test provides filtration efficiency results (average of the minimum composite efficiency) given for three size ranges of particles: El, 0.3 to 1.0 jjm\ E2, 1.0 to 3.0 /im; and E3, 3.0 /im to 10 fim. o o VERIFIED TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION As shown in Figure 1, the Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 media air filter is a V- cell filter with nominal dimensions of 0.61 by 0.61 by 0.31 m (24 by 24 by 12 in.). Fhe filter has a plastic frame, and the filter media color is white and red stripes. Fhe media is polypropylene. Fhere are four V-cells with minipleated media. Fhe Aeolus Corporation part number is SMV-M13-2424. VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE Verification testing of the Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 media air filter began on September 9, 2003 at the test facilities of RFI and was completed on October 8, 2003. Fhe results for the bioaerosol filtration efficiency tests are presented in Figure 1. Photograph ot the Aeolus Corporation Fable 1 for the clean and dust-loaded filter. Fable 2 Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, presents the results of the ASHRAE 52.2 test. All SMV-M13-2424 media filter, tests were conducted at an air flow of 0.93 m3/sec (1970 cfm). S-2 ------- Table 1. Bioaerosol Filtration Results Pressure Drop Pa (in. H20) Filtration Efficiency for Removal of B. atrophaeus, % Filtration Efficiency for Removal of S. marcescens, % Filtration Efficiency for Removal of MS2 phage, % Clean 77 (0.31) 69 64 73 Dust loaded 348 (1.40) 99 99.5 99 Table 2. Summary of ASHRAE 52.2 Test El 0.3 to 1.0 jxm, % E2 1.0 to 3.0 jxm, % E3 3.0 to 10 //m, % Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V- Cell, SMV-M13-2424 57 85 97 12 at 0.93m3/sec (1970 cfm) The quality assurance officer reviewed the test results and the quality control data and concluded that the data quality objectives given in the approved test/QA plan were attained. This verification statement addresses two performance measures of media air filters: filtration efficiency and pressure drop. Users of this technology may wish to consider other performance parameters such as service life and cost when selecting a media air filter for bioaerosol control. In accordance with the test/QA plan1, this verification statement is applicable to filters manufactured from December 2003 through November 2006. Original signed by E. Timothy Oppelt 12/8/2003 E. Timothy Oppelt Date Director National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protection Agency Original signed by David S. Ensor 12/4/2003 David S. Ensor Date Director ETV-HS Research Triangle Institute NOTICE: ETV verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA and RTI make no expressed or implied warranties as to the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Mention of commercial product names does not imply endorsement. S-3 ------- Environmental Technology Verification Test Report of Filtration Efficiency of Bioaerosols in HVAC Systems Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 Prepared by: Research Triangle Institute Engineering and Technology Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 GS10F0283K-BPA-1, EPA Task Order 1101 RTI Project No. 08787.001 EPA Project Manager: Theodore G. Brna Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 December 2003 i ------- Notice This document was prepared by the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) with funding from the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the General Service Administration Contract No. GS10F0283K per EPA's BPA-1, Task Order 1101. The document has undergone RTI and EPA peer and administrative reviews and has been approved for publication. Mention of corporation names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use of specific products. Foreword The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program, established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is designed to accelerate the development and commercialization of new or improved environmental technologies through third-party verification and reporting of performance. The goal of the ETV Program is to verify the performance of commercially ready environmental technologies through the evaluation of objective and quality-assured data so that potential purchasers and permitters are provided with an independent and credible assessment of the technology that they are buying or permitting. EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory contracted with the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) to establish a homeland-security related ETV Program for products that clean ventilation air. RTI developed (and EPA approved) the "Test/Quality Assurance Plan for Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters1." The test described in this report was conducted following this plan. Availability of Report Copies of this verification report are available from • Research Triangle Institute Engineering and Technology Unit PO Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, E305-01 109 T.W. Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Web sites: http://www.epa.gov/etv/verifications 11 ------- Table of Contents ETV Joint Verification Statement S-l Notice ii Foreword ii Availability of Report ii Table of Contents iii Acronyms/Abbreviations iv Acknowledgments v 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Product Description 1 3.0 Test Procedure 1 4.0 Test Results 4 5.0 Limitations and Applications 6 6.0 References 6 Appendix: ASHRAE 52.2 Test Report 7 Figures Figure 1. Photograph of the Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 Media Filter 1 Figure 2. Schematic of Test Duct 2 Figure 3. Summary of the Inert Aerosol Filtration Efficiency Data for the Clean and Dust-Loaded Filter, #2 5 Figure A-l. Filtration Efficiency and Flow Resistance for Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 10 Tables Table 1. Numbers of Filters and Expected Utilization 4 Table 2. Bioaerosol Filtration Results for Filter #2 4 Table 3. Summary of Removal Efficiency Using ASHRAE 52.2 Test for Filter # 1 4 Table 4. DQOs for Precision of Filtration Efficiency Measurements for Culturable Bioaerosol... 6 in ------- Acronymns/Abbreviations ANSI American National Standards Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers B Bacillus BG Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly B. subtilis var niger and Bacillus globigii) cfm cubic feet per minute CFU colony forming unit cm centimeter dso median diameter (of particle) DQO data quality objective EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ETV Environmental Technology Verification F Fahrenheit fpm feet per minute HS homeland security in. inch(es) KC1 potassium chloride kPa kilopascal(s) L liter(s) MERV minimum efficiency reporting value m meter(s) mm millimeter(s) mL milliliter(s) min minute(s) ju.m micrometer(s) NAFA National Air Filtration Association nm nanometer(s) OPC optical particle counter QA quality assurance QC quality control Pa pascal(s) PFU plaque forming units Psig pounds per square inch gauge RTI Research Triangle Institute SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SMPS scanning mobility particle sizer iv ------- Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the support of all of those who helped plan and conduct the verification activities. In particular, we would like to thank Ted Brna, EPA's Project Manager, and Paul Groff, EPA's Quality Assurance Manager, both of EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC. We would also like to acknowledge the assistance and participation of our stakeholder group for their input, as well as A1 Veeck and the National Air Filtration Association (NAFA), and Intertek ETL SEMKO, especially Theresa Peck, for their help in acquiring the filters, and Aeolus Corporation for donating the filters to be tested. For more information on the Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 filter, contact Bill Matkins Aeolus Corp. 6306A Old 421 Rd. Liberty, NC 27298 Phone 336-622-5122 Email bi 11 matkins@msn.com For more information on RTFs ETV program, contact Debbie Franke Research Triangle Institute PO Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 Telephone: (919) 541-6826 Email: dlf@rti.org v ------- 1.0 Introduction EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory contracted with the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) to establish a homeland-security related ETV Program for products that clean ventilation air. RTI convened a group of stakeholders representing government and industry with knowledge and interest in the areas of homeland security and building ventilation. The group met in December 2002 and recommended technologies to be tested. RTI then developed (and EPA approved) the "Test/Quality Assurance Plan for Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters1." The first round of tests included ten types of filters. The tests described in this report were conducted following this plan. 2.0 Product Description As shown in Figure 1, Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 media air filter is a V-cell filter with nominal dimensions of 0.61 by 0.61 by 0.31 m (24 by 24 by 12 in.). The filter has a plastic frame, and the filter media color is white and red stripes. The media is polypropylene. There are four V-cells with minipleated media. The Aeolus Corporation part number is SMV-M13-2424. 3.0 Test Procedure The test program measured the culturable bioaerosol removal efficiency of general ventilation filters. Three tests were required to accomplish this goal. First, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating Figure 1. Photograph of the Aeolus Corporation and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 Standard 52.2^ test was performed on one filter of Media Filter the test filter type to determine the minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of the filter. After determining the MERV, the biological test using three different bioaerosols and an inert aerosol test on both clean and fully dust-loaded filters were performed on a second filter. All tests were at an air flow rate of 0.93 m3/sec (1970 cfm) to conform to the conditions described in ASHRAE Standard 52.2. All testing was performed in a test duct as specified in ASHRAE Standard 52.2. A schematic of the test duct is shown in Figure 2. The test section of the duct is 610 mm (24 in.) by 610 mm (24 in.) square. The locations of the major components, including the sampling probes, device section (filter holder), and the aerosol generator (site of aerosol injection) are shown. The inert testing and the ASHRAE Standard 52.2 test were performed using a potassium chloride (KC1) aerosol. The filters were loaded using ASHRAE dust, composed of 72% Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) fine, 23% powdered carbon, and 5% cotton linters. The final pressure drop was determined by the Standard's requirements. 1 ------- Room Air .In t Blower Exhaust to Room I, Outlet Filter Bank ASME Nozzle X 6 t Inlet Filter Bank Biological Sampling Downstream Mixer \ Upstream Mixer Device Section Flow Control Valve Aerosol Generator Biological Sampling Backup Filter Holder (Used When Dust-loading) Figure 2. Schematic of Test Duct. Filter is placed in device section. The bioaerosol tests were conducted using three microorganisms, two bacteria and one bacterial virus. The spore form of the bacteria Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly B. subtilis var niger and Bacillus globigii or BG) was used as the simulant for gram-positive spore-forming bacteria. The BG spore is elliptically shaped with dimensions of 0.7 to 0.8 by 1 to 1.5 /um. Serratia marcescens was used as the surrogate for rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria. S. marcescens is 0.5 to 0.8 by 0.9 to 2.0 //m. The bacterial virus (bacteriophage) MS2 (0.02 to 0.03 //m), having approximately the same aerosol characteristics as a human virus, was used as a surrogate for the viruses of similar and larger size and shape. Although the individual virus particles are in the submicrometer size range, the test particle size planned for the virus tests will span a range of sizes (polydispersed bioaerosol). This test was not designed to study the removal efficiencies for single individual virus particles; rather, it was designed to determine the removal efficiencies for virus particles as they are commonly found indoors. A representative challenge would be a micrometer-sized, polydispersed aerosol containing the phage because: • The aerosols created from sneezing and coughing vary in size from < 1 to > 20 //m, but the largest particles settle out and only the smaller sizes remain in the air for extended periods for potential removal by an air cleaner; • Few viruses have been found associated with particles less than 1 //m; and • Nearly all 1 to 2 fxm particles are deposited in the respiratory tract, while larger particles may not be respired. Bacteria suspension preparation for the aerosolization process required that the specific test organism be grown in the laboratory and the suspension prepared for aerosol generation in the test rig. The microbial challenge suspensions were prepared by inoculating the test organism on solid or liquid media, incubating the culture until mature, wiping organisms from the surface of the pure culture (if solid media), and eluting them into sterile diluent to a known concentration. 2 ------- The bacterial virus challenge was prepared by inoculating a logarithmic phase broth culture of the host bacteria with phage and allowing it to multiply until the majority of the host bacteria were lysed. The mixture was centrifuged to remove the majority of the cell fragments. The resultant supernatant was the phage stock and was used as the challenge aerosol. The concentration of the phage stock was approximately 1 x 109 or higher plaque forming units per milliliter, (PFU) /mL. The challenge organism suspensions were aerosolized using a Collison nebulizer (BGI, Waltham, MA) at 103.4 kPa (15 psig) air pressure. The nebulizer generates droplets with an approximate volume mean diameter of 2 //m. The particle diameter after the water evaporates depends on the solids content of the suspension. Particle size was determined by the size of the suspended organism (if singlets). Upstream and downstream sampling of the bacteria was accomplished using a one-stage Andersen viable bioaerosol sampler. The one-stage Andersen sampler is a 400-hole multiple-jet impactor operating at 28 L/min. The dso is 0.65 //m. After sampling, the petri dishes were removed from the sampler and incubated at appropriate times and temperatures for the test organism being used. Colony forming units (CFUs) were then enumerated and their identity confirmed. The microbial viruses were collected in AGI-30s. The AGI-30 is a high velocity liquid impinger operating at a flow rate of 12.3 to 12.6 L/min. The dso is approximately 0.3 //m. The AGI-30 is the sampler against which the other commonly used bioaerosol samplers are often compared. For the inert aerosol filtration efficiency measurements, the particle sizing measurements were made with two particle counting instruments: a Climet model 500 spectrometer/optical particle counter (OPC) covering the particle diameter size range from 0.3 to 10 //m in 12 particle sizing channels and a TSI scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to cover the range from 0.03 (or as low as 16 nm) to 0.5 //m. In the test/QA plan there is a data control parameter for the SMPS that states the standard deviation on upstream counts be computed for each efficiency test based on the upstream particle counts and be less than 0.30 before the data is used. The lower size ranges for the SMPS are included only if they meet the data control parameter. (Table A2 of test/QA plan). Quality Control (QC) procedures for running the test duct and the measuring equipment are defined in the test/QA plan. The product tested was collected by the Intertek ETL SEMKO on July 14, 2003 following the NAFA Product Certification Program Procedural Guide3. RTI provided oversight into the selection of representative filters. For each filter type, a box or a minimum of four filters were procured and sent to RTI. The filters were used as shown in Table 1. Full details of the test method can be found in RTFs test/QA plan1. 3 ------- Table 1. Numbers of Filters and Expected Utilization Tests Filter # 1 2 3 4 ASHRAE Standard 52.22 test X Initial efficiency for an inert aerosol X Initial efficiency for three bioaerosols X Dust load to final pressure drop with ASHRAE dust X Efficiency for inert aerosol after dust-loading X Efficiency for three bioaerosols after dust-loading X Reserve filter* X X *Filters # 3 and # 4 have been kept in reserve to be used if needed. 4.0 Test Results The bioaerosol filtration efficiency results are found in Table 2. Table 2. Bioaerosol Filtration Results for Filter # 2 Filter Condition Pressure Drop Pa (in. H20) Filtration Efficiency for Removal of B. atrophaeus, % Filtration Efficiency for Removal of S. marcescens, % Filtration Efficiency for Removal of MS2 phage, % Clean 77 (0.31) 69 64 73 Dust-loaded 348 (1.40) 99 99.5 99 The ASHRAE filtration efficiencies and the MERV are shown in Table 3. The filtration efficiencies (average of the minimum composite efficiency) are presented by particle size groupings: El, 0.3 to 1.0 //m; E2, 1.0 to 3.0 //m; and E3, 3.0 //m to 10 //m.. The full ASHRAE 52.2 test results are provided in the Appendix. Table 3. Summary of Removal Efficiency Using ASHRAE 52.2 Test for Filter # 1 Filter El 0.3 to 1.0 //m, % E2 1.0 to 3.0 //m, % E3 3.0 to 10 jim, % MERV Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 57 85 97 12 at 0.93m3/sec (1970 cfm) The filtration efficiency for inert particles is plotted so that the efficiencies for particles from about 0.03 to 10 //m can be observed (Figure 3). Note that this is a logarithmic base 10 scale on 4 ------- the X axis. Two instalments were used to obtain the measurements. The SMPS was used to measure particles up to 0.5 /u.m and the OPC was used for particles from 0.3 to 10 //m. There is good agreement in the size range covered by both instruments. These measurements were made on a filter when clean and then when dust-loaded. 100- CD 80- 60. c 0 o it LU 40- 20- ~ i -4 ,zY/y =P A A FQ 0.01 0.10 1.00 Particle Diameter (|jm) ~ SMPS OPC A SMPS: loaded A OPC: loaded 10.00 Figure 3. Summary of the Inert Aerosol Filtration Efficiency Data for the Clean and Dust-Loaded Filter, # 2. The quality assurance officer has reviewed the test results and the quality control data and has concluded that the data quality objectives (DQOs) (Table 4) given in the approved test/QA plan have been attained. Table 4. DQOs for Precision of Filtration Efficiency Measurements for Culturable Bioaerosol Data quality objective Test organism Spore-forming bacteria (B. atrophaeus) Vegetative bacteria (S. marcescens) Bacterial virus (MS2 phage) Precision of filtration efficiency, % ± 8a ± ir ± 13a a Based on +/- one standard deviation of penetration computed from the coefficient of variance upstream and downstream culturable counts. 5 ------- 5.0 Limitations and Applications This verification report addresses two performance measures of media air filters: filtration efficiency and pressure drop. Users may wish to consider other performance parameters such as service life and cost when selecting a general ventilation air filter for their application. In accordance with the test/QA plan1, this verification statement is applicable to filters manufactured from December 2003 through November 2006. 6.0 References 1. RTI. 2003. Test/QA Plan for Biological Testing of General Ventilation Filters. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices, American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA. 3. NAF A (National Air Filtration Association). 2001. Product Certification Program Procedural Guide Approved Version 1, Second Revision, February 2001. Virginia Beach, VA. 6 ------- Appendix ASHRAE 52.2 Test Report For Aeolus Corporation Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell, SMV-M13-2424 ASHRAE 52.2 TEST REPORT Manufacturer: Aeolus Corp. Product Name: Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell SMV-M13-2424 ETV Filter ID: AE03-A RTI Report No. AY09050301 Test Laboratory: RTI 919-541-6941 7 ------- Page 1 of 3 ASHRAE Std. 52.2 Air Cleaner Performance Report Summary This report applies to the tested device only. Laboratory Data RTI Report No. AY09050301 Date 9/5/03 Test Laboratory Research Triangle Institute Operator Clayton Supervisor Owen/Hanley Particle Counter(s): Brand Climet Model 500 Device Manufacturer's Data Manufacturer Aeolus Corp. Product Name Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell SMV-M13-2424 Product Model Test requested by EPA Sample obtained from NAFA Catalog rating: Airflow rate NA Initial dP (in. wg) NA Specified test conditions: Airflow (cfm) 1970 Final dP (in. wg) 1.40 Face Velocity (fpm) 493 Device Description Nominal Dimensions (in.): 24x24x12 (height x width x depth) Generic name V-Cell Media color white/red Amount and type of adhesive NA Other attributes minipleated media in four Vs Test Conditions Airflow (cfm) 1970 Temperature (F) 73 RH (%) 51 Face Velocity (fpm) 493 Final Pressure Drop (in. wg) 1.40 Test aerosol type: KCI Remarks Resistance Test Results Initial resistance (in. wg) 0.31 Final resistance (in. wg) 1.40 Minimum Efficiency Reporting Data Composite average efficiencies E1 57 E2 85 E3 97 Air cleaner average Arrestance per Std 52.1: NA Minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) for the device: 12 @ 1970 cfm 8 ------- Report No. AY09050301 Research Triangle Institute Particle Diameter (micrometers) Initial Efficiency After 1st loading After 2nd loading After 3rd loading After 4th loading After 5th loading Resistance to Airflow Minimum Composite Curve for clean filter 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 1 Particle Diameter (micrometers) 1C 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Air Flow (cfm) Figure A-1. Filtration Efficiency and Flow Resistance Curves for Aeolus Synthetic Minipleat V-cell SMV-M14-2424 Filter. 9 ------- TABULATED DATA SUMMARY Report No. AY09050301 Research Triangle Institute Summary of Test Conditions: Product Manufacturer Product Name Nominal Dimensions (in.) Airflow (cfm) Final Resistance (in. H20) Aeolus Corp. Synthetic Minipleat V-Cell SMV-M13-2424 24 x 24 x 12 1970 1.40 Efficiency (%) per Indicated Size Range OPC Channel Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Min. Diam. (|jm) 0.3 0.4 0.55 0.7 1 1.3 1.6 2.2 3 4 5.5 7 Max. Diam. ((jm) 0.4 0.55 0.7 1 1.3 1.6 2.2 3 4 5.5 7 10 Geo. Mean Diam. ((jm) 0.35 0.47 0.62 0.84 1.14 1.44 1.88 2.57 3.46 4.69 6.20 8.37 Run No. Initial efficiency AY09040302 48 53 58 68 77 83 89 93 96 97 98 99 after first dust load AY09050301 56 62 68 76 85 90 93 96 97 98 99 98 after second dust load AY09050302 76 81 86 92 96 98 99 99 100 100 100 100 after third dust load AY09050303 86 90 93 97 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 after fourth dust load AY09050304 92 94 96 98 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 after fifth dust load AY09060301 94 96 98 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Minimum Composite Efficiency 48 53 58 68 77 83 89 93 96 97 98 98 E1 = 57 (E1 is the average of the minimum composite efficiency values for particle diameters from 0.3 to 1 |jm. E2 = 85 (E2 is the average of the minimum composite efficiency values for particle diameters from 1 to 3 (jm.) E3 = 97 (E3 is the average of the minimum composite efficiency values for particle diameters from 3 to 10 (jm.) MERV 12 Resistance to Airflow for Clean Filter: Airflow Airflow Airflow Air Velocity Air Velocity Resistance Resistance (%) (m3/s) (cfm) (fpm) (m/s) (in. H20) (Pa) 50 0.465 985 246 1.251 0.12 30 75 0.697 1478 369 1.876 0.21 52 100 0.930 1970 493 2.502 0.31 77 125 1.162 2463 616 3.127 0.45 112 Resistance to Airflow with Loading at 0.93 m3/s (1970 cfm) Resistance Resistance (in. H20) (Pa) Initial 0.31 77 After first dust load 0.35 86 After second dust load 0.58 145 After third dust load 0.85 213 After fourth dust load 1.13 280 After fifth dust load 1.40 348 Weight gain of filter after completion of dust loading steps 252.9 g 10 ------- |