EPA-910/9-82-093
December 1982
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN EDIBLE, NON-SALMONID
FISH AND CRABS FROM COMMENCEMENT BAY, WASHINGTON
Environmental Services Division
Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10
Seattle, Washington
Arnold R. Sahler
Joseph M. Cunsnins
Joseph N. Blazevich
Robert H. Rieck
Roy L. Arp
Carolyn E. Gangmark
Stephen V.W. Pope
Stan Filip
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ABSTRACT
A survey of chemical contaminants in fish and crabs from Puget Sound's
Commencement Bay area was initiated following reports by various agencies
that certain waterways in the area contained relatively high levels of
potentially toxic chemicals. Information was collected to provide the
Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department with chemical data needed to begin
a preliminary assessment of any health risk possibly faced by persons
eating fish and crabs from Commencement Bay and adjacent waters.
Sampling was conducted from July 1981 to January 1982. Eighty-six
non-salmonid fish and six Oungeness crabs were collected from popular
sport fishing locations in the vicinity of Commencement Bay and from a
remote reference area, Discovery Bay. Muscle tissue from these specimens
was chemically analyzed for selected metals and organic compounds (EPA
priority pollutants).
Specimens from the Commencement Bay area generally had higher contaminant
levels than did the specimens collected from Discovery Bay. The
pollutant concentrations in the fish and crabs varied considerably,
depending on the species and their location. The highest concentrations
of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and pesticides were measured in fish
from the Hylebos Waterway, while the highest total metal concentrations
measured in fish were found in flatfish from the Point Defiance Dock.
Regardless of where the crabs were collected, they contained total metal
concentrations several times higher than the highest levels detected in
fish.
The mercury, PCB, and DDT concentrations measured were always well below
the tolerance or action levels established by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). However, few specific guidelines are available to
assist in the direct assessment of the potential toxicity of many
individual chemicals detected. The existing guidelines also do not
address possible combinations of chemicals and metabolites. No attempt
was made 1n this report to conduct an overall assessment based on these
data.
iii
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Biological Observations 21
Composition and Distribution of Samples 21
Condition of Samples 22
General Conditions 22
Parasites 23
Size and Age of Samples 24
REFERENCES 26
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 27
Figure 1. Commencement Bay Sampling Sites,
Table 1. Distribution of Fishes and Crabs
Collected from Commencement Bay,
Adjacent Waterways, and the
Discovery Bay Reference Area.
Table 2. Average PCB Concentrations in Fish
Muscle Tissue Sampled in the
Commencement Bay Area and a Reference
Station at Discovery Bay.
Table 3. Distribution of the Bloodworm, Philometra,
in English Sole and Rock Sole from
the Commencement Bay Area and the
Oiscovery Bay Reference Station.
Table 4. Mean Lengths and Estimated Ages of
Selected Fishes Collected from the
Commencement Bay Area and the Oiscovery
Bay Reference Station.
12
13
23
25
v
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Table A-3. PCB and Pesticide Concentrations Found
in Crab Muscle Tissue.
50
APPENDIX B.
Figure B
1-3,
Figure B
4-14.
Comparison of Concentration of Metals
Among Fish Species and Sampling Sites.
Average of Total Metal Concentration Among Fishes
Collected from Four Commencement Bay Sites and a
Reference Station at Discovery Bay. 51
Figure B-l. Bottom Fishes 51
Figure B-2. Mixed Fishes 52
Figure B-3. Off-Bottom Fishes 53
Average of Total Metal Concentrations in
Fish and Crab Muscle Tissue Collected from
Four Commencement Bay Sites and a Reference
Station at Discovery Bay. 54
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
Figure
B-4.
English Sole
Fi gure
B-S.
Flathead Sole
Figure
B-6.
Rock Sole
Fi gure
B-7.
Starry Flounder
Figure
B-8.
Buffalo Sculpin
Fi gure
B-9.
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
Figure
B-10.
Pacific Cod
Figure
B-l 1.
Pacific Hake
Figure
B-12.
Pacific Tomcod
Fi gure
B-13.
Walleye Pollock
Figure
B-l 4.
Dungeness Crab
Table B-l. Average Metal Concentrations Found in
Fish and Crab Species Sampled in the
Commencement Bay Area and a Reference
Station at Discovery Bay.
vi i
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APPENDIX D. Biological Data
Table D-l. Collection and Biological Data for Fish
and Crab Specimens Taken in Commencement
and Discovery Bays. 100
APPENDIX E. Analytical Methods 109
Table E-l. Priority Pollutants 112
APPENDIX F. Quality Assurance 113
Table F-l. Quality Control Samples Analyzed. 113
Table F-2. Average Range of Duplicate Values for
Compounds Detected in the Pesticide
Fraction. 114
Detection Limits 115
Table F-3. Detection Limits of Organic Compounds. 116
Table F-4. Detection Limits of Metals. 118
ix
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CONCLUSIONS
The edible muscle tissues of most of the fish and crabs collected
contained several potentially toxic chemical contaminants. The degree of
contamination varied considerably, depending on the species and the
location from which the specimens were collected. Specimens from the
Commencement Bay area generally had higher contaminant levels than did
specimens from the Discovery Bay reference site.
The highest total metal concentrations measured in fish were found in
"bottom" fish from the Point Defiance Dock. Total metal concentrations
in "off-bottom" fish from the Conrnencement Bay area were similar to those
measured in "off-bottom" fish from the Discovery Bay reference area.
Crabs from both the Conrnencement Bay area and Discovery Bay contained
total metal concentrations that were substantially higher than levels
measured in fish from the same sites. The levels of mercury measured
were always well below the action level of 1.0 ppm established by the FDA
for fish and shellfish.
Fish taken from the Hylebos Waterway contained the highest concentrations
of PCB's averaging approximately 0.5 ug/g wet weight, or about one-tenth
the FDA tolerance level of 5.0 ppm, and one-fourth the proposed tolerance
level of 2.0 ppm.
No chlorinated butadienes were found in any of the specimens at the limit
of detection reached in this study. However, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was
detected in fish and crabs from the Hylebos Waterway, but not in
specimens collected at other locations. The chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticides DDT, DDD, and DDE were the only pesticides detected. These
compounds were found in all but one of the fish and crab samples
analyzed. Relatively high levels of one or more of these pesticides were
detected in individual fish from both the Commencement Bay area and the
Discovery Bay reference site. However, the highest average total
pesticide level was measured in specimens from the Hylebos Waterway.
Specimens from Discovery Bay had the lowest average total pesticide
level. Concentrations of DDT and its metabolites never exceeded the FDA
action level of 5.0 ppm in fish.
Phthalates were commonly found in many of the fish. In addition, a
limited number of volatile organic compounds were detected in a few of
the fish and crabs collected.
Although most of the contaminants detected in the edible muscle tissues
appeared to be present at relatively low levels, efforts should continue
to be directed at assessing their human health significance. The
potential toxicity of combinations of these and other contaminants and
their metabolites must be considered in the risk assessment process.
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INTRODUCTION
The potential for Puget Sound and adjacent waters to be adversely
affected by expanding urban and industrial development has been known for
some time. However, the possible extent and nature of some of these
effects were not recognized until recently. In 1980, the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Marine Pollution
Assessment (OMPA), reported on studies which described the distribution
and possible biological effects of selected chemical contaminants in
Puget Sound (6,11). Water, suspended matter, sediments, and aquatic
organisms collected from several locations in Puget Sound were found to
have measureable concentrations of one or more of the following groups of
chemicals: metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), petroleum
hydrocarbons, and chlorinated organic compounds. Selected waterways in
the Commencement Bay area generally appeared to be the most polluted.
In addition to the chemical contaminants observed, some of the fish,
crabs, shrimp, and clams collected from a few of the contaminated areas
were found by Mai ins and his associates (6) to have a variety of lesions
of the liver or other organs. These observations raised questions about
not only the relationship between the chemical contaminants and the
health of associated aquatic organisms, but also about the possible
influence of these chemicals on the health of those persons eating the
contaminated seafoods. Considering the general lack of chemical and
toxicological information on the chemical contaminants present in edible
portions of aquatic organisms inhabiting the Commencement Bay area, the
Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department issued warnings advising people
not to eat fish and shellfish caught in certain waterways. Since this
work has been completed, Mai ins and his associates (7) have published
chemical and biological data on livers taken from 85 fish throughout
Puget Sound. They presented data on organic compounds in liver and
muscle tissue from 13 fish caught in Conmencement Bay. These included
five English sole, five salmon, and three cod.
To provide more complete information on which to assess the human health
significance of the chemical contamination described, EPA Region 10
initiated a chemical survey in July 1981, to determine if potentially
toxic organic compounds and metals were present in edible muscle tissues
of non-salmonid fish and crabs from Commencement Bay and nearby waters.
The synergistic or antagonistic effects of the contaminants and their
metabolites found in the fish are generally unknown at the present time.
The effect of the cooking methods used by the public was not considered
in this report.
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SAMPLING
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-6-
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Final Preparation
Before removing any tissues for analysis, each specimen was
identified, weighed, measured, and inspected for grossly visible
lesions, parasites, and other features of possible significance.
Fish samples were first skinned (Note 3), then edible muscle tissue
(the fillet) was removed from both sides of each specimen using
stainless steel scalpels, scissors, and forceps (Note 4). As much
edible muscle tissue as possible was picked from the crab samples
using the same stainless steel instruments. The tissues collected
were cut or torn into small pieces before being placed in glass jars
having teflon-lined screw caps (Note 5), then weighed and stored at
1°C until processing for chemical analysis was begun.
Following the collection of the muscle tissues, fish livers were
removed with stainless steel scissors and forceps, placed in glass
jars fitted with aluminum foil-lined screw caps (Notes 1,5), and
stored at -12°C for possible future chemical analysis. All the
livers were weighed and visually inspected before being frozen.
Finally, the sex of the fish was confirmed by inspection of the
gonads under a microscope, and otoliths were collected to provide
information on the ages of the fish collected.
The gross visual inspection of the fish and livers for such things as
lesions and parasites was included in the sampling procedures to
compliment the chemical information being collected. These general
observations were not intended to constitute an independent
investigation of biological abnormalities. However, the observations
were considered appropriate in light of recent studies identifying
possible links between chemical contamination and diseases of fish
and crustaceans from certain Puget Sound waters (6,7).
Notes: 1. The aluminum foil, used to line the tissue sample jar
lids, and to wrap the whole fish and crabs, was
cleaned in the following manner:
a. Rinsed twice with pesticide-grade acetone.
b. Rinsed twice with pesticide-grade methylene
chloride.
c. Dried 10 minutes in a drying oven at 100°C.
2. The decision to preserve the samples for analysis by
refrigeration rather than freezing was based on
concerns about the poorly defined effects of freezing,
coupled with possible thawing and refreezing, on the
concentrations of volatile organic compounds in edible
muscle tissues. The procedure of analyzing
refrigerated tissues was also believed to be
consistent with the way in which many of the sport
fish catches were preserved before being prepared for
consumption.
-8-
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ANALYTICAL METHODS
Fish and crab samples were analyzed for the priority pollutant organic
compounds and metals, which art listed 1n Table E-l. Additional metals
and organic compounds previously detected in Commencement Bay by other
Investigators were included. Tentative identifications were made for
those compounds showing response in the gas chromatography/mass
spectrometer (GC/MS) chromatograms.
Analytical methods for the priority pollutants, other organic compounds,
and metals, foil wed EPA procedures as much as possible. However,
modifications were needed to remove interferences so that lower detection
limits were achievable. This section briefly outlines the procedures
followed. Details of the procedures and detection limits are indicated
in Tables F-3 and F-4.
Procedures for Organic Compounds
The edible muscle tissues of the fish and crab samples were extracted
into a methylene chlorlde/methanol mixture three times with a Brlnkman
Polytron homogenlzer. After filtering, the extracts were reduced in
volume and combined with organic-free water at a pH of <2. The
water/extract mixtures were extracted again with methylene chloride,
reduced in volume and divided for pesticide/chlorinated hydrocarbon
analysis and acid/neutral (A/N) analysis.
The fractions used for pesticide, PCB, and polychlorinated butadiene
(PCBD) analyses were further cleaned on a Florlsil column; pentane was
used to elute the PCBD, PCB, and some of the chlorinated pesticide
compounds. Mixtures of diethylether/pentane were used to elute the other
pesticides. These fractions were analyzed by GC/EC
(gas chromatography/electron capture) with dual column confirmation.
When the concentrations of chlorlnated species were sufficiently high,
confirmation was obtained by a halogen - specific detector and/or fused
silica capillary chromatography/mass spectrometry/data system
{FSCC/MS/DS). The A/N fraction was further cleaned by gel permeation
chromatography before FSCC/MS/DS analysis. Volatile organic compounds
were analyzed by the gas purge, GC/MS procedure as modified by the Region
10 Laboratory (3). A detailed description of the analytlal methods is
presented in Appendix E.
Procedures for Metals
Samples of tissues were digested with a mixture of nitric acid and
hydrogen peroxide until the tissue was destroyed. The metals were
determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using a graphite furnace or
flame following EPA methods (8). Mercury was determined by the manual
cold vapor technique, similar to that described by EPA Method 245.5 (8).
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Table 1. Distribution of Fishes and Crabs from Commencement Bay,Adjacent Waterways,
July 15, 1982 - January 7, 1902
and the Discovery Bay Reference Area
species
Hytebos waterway city waterway uid lown
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The average PCB concentrations in the various species of fish at the
various sampling sites are depicted in Figures A-1 through A-14.
Specific data are shown in Tables A-1 through A-3.
Chlorinated Butadienes (PCBD's)
Detectable levels of polychlorinated butadienes were not found in any of
the muscle tissues analyzed. The limit of detection was 0.001 ug/g.
Hexachlorobenzene (NCB)
Hexachlorobenzene was detected only in fish and crab muscle tissue
samples taken from the Hylebos Waterway. The HCB levels in the fish
ranged from 0.014 ug/g to 0.15 ug/g with an average of 0.078 ug/g which
was 2 to 6 times higher than in crab. The limit of detection for HCB by
GC/EC was 0.001 ug/g. The presence of HCB in Hylebos Waterway samples
was confirmed both with a halogen-specific detector and GC/MS.
Chlorinated Pesticides
Although a search was made for all of the chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticides listed in Table E-l, the only pesticides found were DDT, ODD
and DDE. These three compounds were detected in all but one of the
samples of fish and crab muscle tissue analyzed. Total pesticide levels
(sum of the concentrations of DDT, DDD, and DDE) ranged from less than
0.001 ug/g to 0.059 ug/g, and were much lower than the PCB concentrations
measured (Tables A-1, A-2, and A-3). The highest average total pesticide
level was measured in species from the Hylebos Waterway, with specimens
from Discovery Bay having the lowest average total pesticide level.
Concentrations of DDT and its metabolites were always well below the FDA
action level of 5.0 ppm.
Volatile. Acidic, and Neutral Organic Compounds
A variety of volatile, acidic, and neutral organic compounds were found
by GC/MS in fish and crab muscle tissues taken from the five sampling
stations. Although attempts were made to characterize several hundred
compounds detected in tissue extracts by mass spectral matching
techniques, only 56 compounds were identified. Comparision of retention
times and mass spectra data generated from authentic substances was
possible for 17 compounds found on the priority pollutant list. Tentative
identifications based on mass spectral matching results were assigned to
the remaining 43 substances. Both tetrachloroethylene and
trichloroethylene were detected in fish tissue sampled at the Hylebos
Waterway. Both chemicals were detected in water from the Hylebos in
previous EPA surveys. This may be the first time volatile organics have
been shown to accumulate in fish. The results of GC/MS analyses are
compiled in Tables C-l, C-2, and C-3.
Several other unidentified chlorinated substances were present in all
Hylebos Waterway tissue samples. These peaks were not present in samples
taken from other stations.
-14-
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Metals
The fish and crab tissue samples were analyzed for 13 metals. Arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and
zinc were found in low to moderate concentrations. Antimony, beryllium
and thallium were not detected. All concentrations are presented on a
wet weight basis.
The highest average total metal concentrations were found in the tissues
of the "bottom" fish and the "mixed" fish. The "off-bottom" fish had
lower average total metal concentrations regardless of station location.
"Bottom" fish had the highest average total metal concentration at the
Point Defiance Dock station (27.6 ug/g). The average total metal
concentrations in "bottom" fish at the other four stations are arrayed as
follows: Hylebos Waterway 12.3 ug/g, Old Town Dock 11.4 ug/g, City
Waterway 11.1 ug/g and Discovery Bay 9.4 ug/g (Figure B-l).
While "mixed" fish contained higher average total metal concentrations
than did the "off-bottom" fish, there were no remarkable differences in
"mixed" fish averages between stations. The highest average in this
"mixed" fish category was in fish from the Old Town Dock area (12.8
ug/g). The second highest average was in fish from the Point Defiance
Dock area (12.0 ug/g). The lowest averages in this group were found in
fish from the Hylebos Waterway and Discovery Bay. "Mixed" fish from both
of these areas had average total metal concentrations of 10.0 ug/g. No
"mixed" fish were sampled at the City Waterway (Figure B-2).
The "off-bottom" fish had the lowest average total metal concentrations,
and the smallest differences between these values at the different
stations. "Off-bottom" fish from the Point Defiance Dock area actually
contained less total metals, (8.4 ug/g) than did "off-bottom" fish from
the reference station (8.5 ug/g). "Off-bottom" fish from the Old Town
Dock area averaged 8.0 ug/g, and "off-bottom" fish from the City Waterway
averaged 7.6 ug/g. Unfortunately no "off-bottom" fish from the Hylebos
Waterway were sampled (Figure B-3).
Crab muscle tissues contained several times more total metal than the
fish muscle tissues from the same sampling stations. Differences between
station averages were small. The reference station Dungeness crab
contained only siightly less total metal than did crab from the Hylebos
Waterway (Figure 8-14).
Total and individual metal concentrations found in the various fish and
crab species are presented graphically in Figures B-4 through B-l4.
Averages of metal concentrations by species are compared in Table B-l and
the means and ranges by station are tabulated in Table B-2. Data
describing metal concentrations for individual fish and crabs are
presented in Table B-3.
The different metals are discussed individually with respect to station,
species, and fish category occurrences.
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Copper
Copper concentrations were relatively high in fish from the Point
Defiance Dock area and the Old Town Dock area. Fish from Discovery
Bay, and the Hylebos and City Waterways contained less copper.
"Off-bottom" fish from the Point Defiance Dock area contained the
most copper of any group of fish from any station. Copper
concentrations in these fish averaged 0.82 ug/g. "Mixed" fish from
the Point Defiance Dock area had the second highest average
concentration at 0.76 ug/g. "Mixed" fish from the Old Town Dock
area had the third highest average concentration of copper at 0.6
ug/g, followed by "off-bottom" fish from that same station with an
average of 0.52 ug/g.
"Mixed" and "off-bottom" fish consistently contained more copper on
the average than the "bottom" fish collected from any of the sampling
stations.
Lead
Lead levels were highest in fish caught in the Point Defiance Dock
area, the Old Town Dock area, and the City Waterway. Lead levels
were lower in fish from Discovery Bay and the Hylebos Waterway.
"Bottom" fish from the Point Defiance Dock area contained the highest
average lead concentration at 1.98 ug/g. This average includes a
concentration of 10.4 ug/g lead found in an English sole. If this
sole were excluded as an outlier from the averaging, the average for
this group would be 0.58 ug/g lead. The second highest lead
concentrations were found in the "mixed" fish from the Old Town Dock
area. They averaged 0.63 ug/g lead. "Off-bottom" fish from the
Point Defiance Dock station were third highest in lead concentration
with an average of 0.61 ug/g.
Average levels of lead detected in the Hylebos Waterway samples were
actually lower than those averages found in Discovery Bay samples.
Mercur.y
The Hylebos Waterway and the Old Town Dock area produced fish with
the highest average mercury concentrations. "Off-bottom" fish at
Di scovery Bay also contained relatively high concentrations.
The highest concentrations of mercury were found in whitespotted
greenling caught in the Hylebos Waterway. The average mercury
content of these fish was 0.17 ug/g. The second highest
concentrations were found in "off-bottom" fish from the Old Town Dock
area. These fish averaged 0.010 ug/g mercury. Walleye pollock
caught at the Discovery Bay station also contained higher mercury
concentrations with an average of 0.008 ug/g.
At all stations, where comparisons could be made, the "mixed" fish
and the "off-bottom" fish contained higher average levels of mercury
than the "bottom" fish. Levels of mercury measured were always below
the action level of 1.0 ppm established by the FDA for fish and
shellfish.
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(Crab Tissue)
Metal concentrations detected in Dungeness crabs, caught in the
Hylebos and City Waterways and Discovery Bay, were generally high.
Zinc, copper, nickel, and silver concentrations were especially high.
Zinc concentrations were consistently high in crabs from all stations
(49.3 ug/g to 52.6 ug/g). These averages are 5 to 12 times higher
than zinc concentrations found in the fish tissue. Commencement Bay
crabs contained 3 to 4 times the copper (12.7 ug/g to 15.0 ug/g) that
Discovery Bay crabs contained (4.3 ug/g).
Lead concentrations in crabs from Coninencement Bay were twice as high
(0.69 ug/g to 0.82 ug/g) as those found in Discovery Bay crabs (0.36
ug/g). Mercury and cadmium levels in crabs from Commencement Bay
were similar to levels found in crabs from the reference station.
Arsenic and nickel concentrations in crabs from the Commencement Bay
area were actually lower than concentrations detected in crabs from
the reference station.
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Condition of Samples
General Condition
The external condition of the crabs appeared to be good with only one
Dungeness crab missing a leg and another having a "scar" on its
carapace. Although no tumor-like growths were seen on any of the
fish samples, approximately 134 of all the fish collected were
observed to have some type of external abnormal condition. The
abnormalities appeared to have been caused by such things as disease,
predation, parasitism, abrasion, or hook arid line fishing. The
abnormal conditions recorded are 1 isted in Table 0-1 and summarized
below.
The erosion or loss of portions of various fins was observed in an
English sole and a whitespotted green!ing from Hylebos Waterway, in
an English sole and a rock sole from the Point Defiance Dock, and in
a walleye pollock from City Waterway. Hemorrhaging along the dorsal,
anal, and caudal fins was seen in a starry flounder from City
Waterway, while "raw looking" pink/red splotches were observed on the
blind side of a flatheaa sole from the same area. An open tear was
noted in the flesh along the caudal peduncle of a walleye pollock
from City Waterway, with a bleeding wound observed on the caudal
peduncle of a rock sole from the Point Defiance Dock. In addition, a
buffalo sculpin from Old Town Dock was missing a portion of its left
maxillary, and a starry flounder from Discovery Bay had small lesions
on its blind side that appeared to be associated with the presence of
crustacean parasites.
The highest incidences of abnormality were in fish from City Waterway
(204), Point Defiance Dock {19%), and Hylebos Waterway (18%). Oily
6% of the fish from Old Town Dock and the Discovery Bay reference
area were observed to have external abnormalities.
Abnormalities in the fish from the Commencement Bay stations were
most prevalent in flatfish (60%), with the remainder of the
abnormalities (40%) being observed in walleye pollock, whitespotteo
greenling, and buffalo sculpin.
Inspection of the fish livers did not result in the detection of any
grossly visible lesions or abnormal growths. The most striking
feature of the livers examined, however, was the wide variation in
their col oration from station to station. For example, the livers of
English sole collected from the Hylebos Waterway ranged in color from
yellowish/brown to yellowish/beige with pink or red/brown splotches,
while the 1ivers of English sole taken from Discovery Bay ranged from
pink/beige to gray/brown with gray/white splotches.
Although the significance of the color differences was not known,
they may have been linked to such factors as size, age, sex, diet, or
physiological state. It is also possible that in some cases they
were associated with a degenerative condition, or the presence of
microscopic lesions, as reported by Mai ins and his associates (6).
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Size and Age of Samples
The estimated ages of the fish collected ranged from 1 year to 11
years, with most of the fish being from 3 years to 6 years of age.
The average lengths and estimated ages of the most frequently
collected fish species (English sole, walleye pollock, and Pacific
hake) are presented in Table 4. For more detailed information on the
length, age, total weight, fillet weight, liver weight, and sex of
these and other fish collected refer to Table D-l.
The average length of the English sole collected ranged from 246 mm
(Old Town Dock) to 289 mm (City Waterway). The average estimated
ages of English sole collected from these same stations ranged from 3
years at Old Town Dock to 5 years at City Waterway. Walleye pollock
ranged in length from an average of 333 mm (Old Town Dock) to an
average of 409 mm (City Waterway); the average estimated age of these
fish also ranged from 3 years to 5 years, respectively. The average
length of Pacific hake collected from Old Town Dock was 435 mm, with
specimens collected from City Waterway averaging 448 mm in length.
Regardless of the species listed in the table, the smallest (and
youngest) fishes were collected from Old Town Dock, with the largest
(and oldest) specimens being taken from City Waterway. Considering
the small sample sizes involved (3-5 samples), it was not possible to
explain this size and age distribution. It is important to note that
although most of the fish species collected were not characterized by
large differences in size or age, the differences that did exist
could have accounted for at least some of the variation observed in
the result of the chemical analyses.
No effort was made to estimate the ages of the crabs collected. The
Dungeness crabs ranged in carapace width (excluding spines) from 118
mm (Hylebos Waterway, female) to 186 mm (Discovery Bay, male).
-24-
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REFERENCES
1. American Chemical Society's Committee on Environmental Improvement,
Guidelines for Data Aquisition and Data Quality Evaluation in
Environmental Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry 52,2242-9 1980.
2. Amish, R.A. The Occurrence of the Bloodworm Philometra americana
(Nematode: Dracunculoidea) in Two Conrnon Flatfishes of Central Puget
Sound. M.S. Thesis. University of Washington. 41 pp., 1976.
3. Blazevich, J. Methods for Analysis of Priority Pollutants in
Sediments and Fish Tissues, EPA, Region 10 Laboratory, Manchester,
Washington. 1980.
4. Compliance Policy Guides Manual. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Washington, D.C. 1980.
5. Hart, J.L. Pacific Fishes of Canada. Bulletin 180. Fish. Res. Bd.
Canada. Ottawa, Canada. 1973.
6. Malins, D.C., B.B. McCain, D.W. Brown, A.K. Sparks, and H.O.
Hodgins. Chemical Contaminants and Biological Abnormalities in
Central and Southern Puget Sound. NOAA Technical Memorandum OMPA-2,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Boulder, Colorado. 295 pp., 1980.
7. Malins, D.C., B.B. McCain, D.W. Brown, A.K. Sparks, and H.O. Hodgins,
and Sin-Lam Chan. Chemical Contaminants and Abnormalities in Fish
and Invertebrates from Puget Sound. NOAA Technical Memorandum
OMPA-19, U.S. Department of Commerce, Boulder, Colorado. 168 pp.,
1982.
8. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, EMSL Cincinnati, Ohio. EPA - 600/4 - 79 - 020,
March 1979.
9. Nestmann, E.R., E.G. Lee, T.I. Matula, G.R. Douglas, and J.C.
Mueller. Mutagenicity of Constituents Identified in Pulp and Paper
Mill Effluents Using the Salmonella/Mammalian - Microsome Assay.
Mutation Research 79,203-212, 1980.
10. Noviello, D.T. and S.H. Rogers, Cormiencement Bay Seafood Consumption
Study. Draft Preliminary Report. Tacoma-Pierce County Health
Department. Tacoma, Washington. 1981.
11. Riley, R.G., E.A. Crecelius, D.C. Mann, K.H. Abel, B.L. Thomas, and
R.M. Bean. Quantitation of Pollutants in Suspended Matter and Water
from Puget Sound. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL MESA - 49. U.S.
Department of Commerce, Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program. Boulder,
Colorado. 99 pp., 1980.
12. U.S. Federal Code of Regulations. Title 21, Part 109, Section
109.30. Tolerances for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's). 1981.
13. Weitcamp, D.E. and T.H. Schadt. Fish. In: Commencement Bay Studies,
Volume 111, Fish and Wetlands. Report to U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Seattle District, by Dames and Moore. Seattle,
Washington. 1-75. 1981.
-26-
-------
APPENDIX A.
Comparison of Concentrations of PCB's and Pesticides Among Fish Species
and Sampling Sites
NOTE: "u" denotes concentration is less than detection limit
" < " denotes quantifiable concentrations have been averaged
together with "u" concentrations
For more information concerning detection limits see Appendix F
page 115.
-------
Figurs A^i. Average of Tbtal PCS and Pesticide Concentration
among Bottom Fishas Collected froa Four Corrtnencenent
*"» 0,67
-------
Figure A-3. Average of Total PCB and Pesticide Concentration
anong Off-Bottcm Fishes Collected frcm Three
Contnencement Bay Sites and a Reference Station at
Discovery Bay
QFF-80TT0H FiSHfcS
Represented Species:
Pacific Hake
Pacific Tomcod
Walleye Pollock
Pacific Cod
Pesticides and PCBs Included:
PCB
DDT
DDE
ODD
HCB
7« 0.0%
fin c.jnple
x- o.'V:
Hylebos
Waterway
Pt. Defiance
Dock
City
Water-way
OKI Town
Dock
uiscoven
Ray
-30-
-------
.450
.400 _
Figure A-S. Average of total PCB and Pesticide Concentration
in Flathead Sole Muscle Tissue Collected fror. One
Catmencanant Bay Site and a Reference Station at
Discovery Say
.350 FLATHEAD SOLE
Pesticides and PCB's Included:
PCB
DDT
.300 0OE
000
HCB
.250
.200
.150
.100
.050
.033 PCB
.oio.j 3:b
No SamoJe
Ho Sample
No Samoie
1 I
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway Old Town Dock Point 0efi*nce Discovery
Deck Bay
-32-
-------
,400
.350 "
.300 *
.250 ¦
.200
.150
.100 '
.050
Figure A-7. Average of Total PCB and Pesticide Concentration
in Starry Flounder Muscle Tissue Collected fran
One Ccnmeneeraent Bay Site and a Reference Station
at Discovery Bay
STARRY FLOUNDER
Pesticides and PC8's Included:
PCB
DOT
DOE
000
HC8
.003 D00
.004 00E
.002 DOT
.18 PCB
Ho Sample
'lo Snr>! p
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway Old Town Dock
?rnnt Defiance
Dock
Oi sco very
Cay
-34-
-------
.450
,400
.350
.300
.250
.200
.150
.100
.050
Figure A-9. Average of "total PCS and Pesticide Concentration
in Pacific Stagbom Sculpin Muscle Tissue Collected
£ran Three Ccmencement Bay Sites and a Reference
Station at Discovery Bay
PACIFIC STAGH0RN SCULPIN
Pesticides ami PC8"_S Included:
PCB
DOT
00 E
ODD
.031 HC8 hCB
.002 ODD
.002 DDE
.003 DDT
.26 PCB
'to Sample
.008 0DC
,oi r>r.n
<.002 003
.007 DDE
<.002 DOT
.049 PCB
,nrc P"'F
Hylebos Watervay City Waterway
Old Towt Qock
Point (Vfiance
Dock
Di HCrtverv
Bay
-36-
-------
450
400
350
300
250
200
ISO
100
OSG
0
Figure A-ll. fiverage of Total PCB and Pesticide Concentration
in Pacific Hake Muscle Tissue Collected from Two
Cornnencanent Bay Sites,
PACIFIC HAKE
Pesticides and PCB's Included:
PCB
DDT
DOE
D0D
HCB
<.002 000
.004 ME
.004 00T
, 00 2 00E
.002 00T
.044 PCB
Mo Sanole
.093 PCB
No Sanole Ho Sar>pie
Hylebos Waterway City Wa t.er way Did Town Dock Point Cefiance Discovery
Dock Bay
-38-
-------
Figure A-13. Average of Total PCB and Pesticide Concentration
in Walleye Pollack ftisele Tiasua Collected from
Throe Caimenconent Bay Sices and a Reference
Station at Oisoovsry Say
WALLEYE POLLOCK
Pesticides and PCB's included:
PCB
DOT
001
DOD
HC8
No Sample
.006 DOE
* 008 DOT
.17 PCB
, .003 ODE
1< 002 DOT
.024 PCD
.058 PCB:
009 DOE
^006 DOT
:072 PC3
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway Old Town Dock
Point Defiance
Oocfc
Discovery
Say
-40-
-------
Table A-l.
Average PC8 and Pestcide Concentrations Found in Fish Muscle Tissue Sampled in the Commencement Bay Area and Discovery Bay ug/g wet weight
PCB DOT DOE DOD HCB
: :s.. en
Species
(N)
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Hylebos
Uhi teSBotted
Green1ing
3
0.86
0.45-1.12
0.025
3.014-0.037
0.006
0.002-0.01
0.005
0.002-0.01
0.059
3.014-0.0%
Wo tei'way
tnqlish Sole
5
0.55
0.13-1.03
=0.008 (4/5)
0.©lu-0.015
0.005
0.002-0.007
-0.008(4/5)
o.ooiu-o.oi:
0.11
3.056-0.15
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
2
0.26
0.17-0.34
0.003
).002-0.004
0.002
-
0.002
-
0.031
D.028-0.034
Point Defiance
English Sole
3
0.33
0.10-0.64
C 0.002(1/3)
O.OOlu-0.005
0.004
0.003-0.005
-=0.003(2/3)
O.OOlu-O.OOf
O.OOlu
-
Dock
Rock Sole
2
0.12
0.06-0.19
= 0.004(1/2)
QGOlu-0.006
0.026
0.003-0.049
^0.001(1/2)
O.OOlu-O.OO!
O.OOlu
-
C-0 Sole
1
0.07
-
O.OOlu
-
0.001
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
Walleye Pollock
5
0.058
0.017-0.13
"iO.005(2/5)
0.001U-QCI5
0.004
0.001-0.011
=0.001(1/5)
3.001u-0.001
O.OOlu
-
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
3
0.049
0.045-0.052
*-0.002(2/3)
0.001u-a005
0.007
0.004-0.011
=0.002(2/3)
3.00lu-0.00j
O.OOlu
-
Buffalo Sculpin
1
0.011
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
*
I'r .K t i mi rcprcicnts the number of s.implrs with detectable values over tht* number of s.inplrs analysed
-------
Table A-l. cont.
Average PCB and Pesticide Concentrations found in Fish Muscle Tissue Sampled in the Commencement Bay Area and Discovery Bay ug/g wet weight
PCB DDT ODE 000 Mr.fi
Station
Species
(N)
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Discovery Bay
Walleye Pollock
5
=0.072(2/5)
O.Olu-O.27
=0.006(2/5)
D.OOlu-O.024
0.009
0.001-0.035
=0.001(1/5)
D.OOlu-O.OOi
O.OOlu
-
English Sole
5
-0.013(2/5)
o.oiu-o.oi;
=0.001(1/5)
3.001U-0.002
0.003
0.002-0.003
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
Starry flounder
1
0.012
-
O.OOlu
-
0.005
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
5
O.OlOu
-
O.OOlu
-
0.002
0.002-0.004
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
Pacific Tonicod
1
O.OlOu
-
O.OOlu
-
0.002
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
flathead Sole
1
O.OlOu
-
O.OOlu
-
0.001
-
O.OOlu
-
O.OOlu
-
Fraction represents the number of easplea with detectable values over the lumber of samplea analyzed
-------
tab. No
29005
46051
46052
460S0
4605B
3602?
38026
36050
38021
38023
38024
38025
46053
46054
46055
46056
4605/
46060
46061
46062
46063
46059
Table A-2. cont.
PCB and Pesticide Concentrations'Found in Fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at the City waterway
Species
PCS 1254
Average
DOT
Average
ODE
Average
DDO
Average
HCB
Pacific Towcod
Pacific Tomcod
0.032
0.030
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
0.002
0.D02
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Tomcod
0.028
O.OOlu
0.003
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Cod
0.038
0.037
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.002
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Cod
0.036
0.011
0.002
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Starry Flounder
0.18
0.18
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
O.OOlu
Flathead Sole
0.033
0.033
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
D.OOl
0.001
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
English Sole
0.054
0.005
0.005
0.006
O.OOlu
English Sole
0.16
0.002
0.004
0.002
O.OOlu
English Sole
0.23
0.19
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.005 0.013
0.008
O.OOlu
English Sole
0.15
0.004
0.005
0.002
O.OOlu
English Sole
0.36
0.005
0.006
0.016
O.OOlu
Walleye Pollock
0.53
0.004
0.007
0.001
O.OOlu
Ualleye Pollock
0.017
0.002
0.003
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Walleye Pol lock
0.20
0.17
0.026
:0.008
0.015
0.006
0.001
0.001
O.OOlu
Ualleye Pollock
0.036
O.OOlu
0.002
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
walleye Pollock
0.066
009
0.005
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Hake
0.020
0.002
0.001
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Hake
0.073
0.003
0.003
0.002
O.OOlu
Pac i f ic lidke
0.038
0.044
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
O.OOlu
< 0.001
O.OOlu
Pacific Hake
0.036
0.002
0.002
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Hake
0.053
0.003
0.002
0.001
O.OOlu
Concentrations Exprt
ssed m u&/q We
Weight
-------
ab, Wo
28000
29000
29001
29002
29003
3B027
29004
38028
01000
OiOOi
01002
01003
01005
01004
01006
oioo;
Table A-2. cont.
PCB and Pesticide Concentrat1ons*Found in fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at the Point Defiance Dock
Species
PCB 1254
Average
DDI
Average
00E
Average
ODD
Average
HCB
Average
Rock Sole
0.19
0.006
0.049
0.001
O.OOlu
Rock Sole
0.060
0.12
O.OOlu
0.004
0.003
0.026
O.OOlu
cO.OOl
O.OOlu
Rock Sole
English Sole
0.10
O.OOlu
0.003
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
English Sole
0.64
0.33
O.OOlu
0.002
0.005
0.004
0.001
0.003
OOlu
English Sole
0.25
0.005
0.005
0.006
OOlu
C-0 Sole
0.070
0.070
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
0.001
0.001
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Buffalo Sculpln
0.011
0.011
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Walleye Pollock
0.085
0.008
0.006
0.001
O.OOlu
Walleye Pollock
0.031
O.OOlu
0.001
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Walleye Pollock
0.027
0.058
O.OOlu
:0,005
0.001
0.004
O.OOlu
0.001
O.OOlu
Ua
1leye Pollock
0.017
O.OOlu
0.002
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Maileye Pollock
0.13
0.015
0.011
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
Pacific Staghorh Sculpi
0.045
O.OOlu
0.004
0.001
O.OOlu
Pacific Staghorn Sculpi
0.050
0.049
0.001
0.002
0.011
0.007
O.OOlu
0.002
O.OOlu
Pacific Staghorn Sculpi
0.052
0.005
0.006
0.003
O.OOlu
* Concentration Expres
din u /g Met
t *ight
-------
Table A-3,
PCB and Pesticide Concentratio«s*Found in Crab Hustle Tissue Sampled at the Hylebos Waterway, City Waterway and Discovery Bay
tab. No.
Species
PCB 125*
Average
OOT
Average
DOE
Average
000
Average
HCB
Average
3605 B
Oungeness Crab
0.058
0.052
O.OOlu
<0.001
0.003
0.002
0.001
<0.001
0.019
0.016
36059
Oungeness Crab
0.047
0.001
O.QO?
O.OOlu
0.018
Station:
City Waterway
Lab. No.
Species
PCS 1254
Average
DOT
Average
ODE
Average
DM
Average
HCB
Average
36056
Oungeness Crab
0.0B3
0.068
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.004
O.OOlu
-=0.001
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
36057
Oungeness Crab
0.053
0.001
0.004
0.001
O.OOlu
Station;
Oiscovery Bay
Lab. No.
Species
PCB 1254
Average
DOT
Average
OOE
Average
DOD
Average
KB
Average
4B006
Oungeness Crab
O.OlOu
O.OlOu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
0.006
0.005
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
48011
Dungeness Crab
O.OlOu
O.OOlu
0.004
O.OOlu
O.OOlu
* Concentration Express
d in ik
/g Wet V
eight
-------
APPENDIX B.
Comparison of Concentration of Metals Among Fish Species and Sampling Sites
NOTE: "u" denotes concentration is less than detection limit
" " denotes quantifiable concentrations have been averaged
together with "u" concentrations
For more information concerning detection limits see Appendix F
page 115.
-------
27.5
X- 27.6
Figure B-l. Averaga of Itttal Metal Concentration among
Bottom Fishes Collected frcm four Gamer.canent
BOTTOM FISHES Bay Sifcea and a Reference Station at Discovery Bay
25.0
20.0
Representee! Species:
English Sale
Rock Sole
Starry Flounder
C-0 Sole
Flathead Sole
Metals included:
Arsenic
Cadwiuu
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Zinc
17.5
1S.0
12.5
y= i2.3
X» 11.4
X= 11.1
10.0
X= 9.4
7.5
5.0
2.5
Pt. Defiance
Dock
Hylebos
Waterway
Old Town
Dock
City
Waterway
Oi scove'y
Bay
-51-
-------
Figure B-3. Average of Total Metal Concentration anong Off-Bottcm
Fishes Collected fron Three Canwjncement Bay Sites
and a Reference Station at Discovery Bay
OFf-BOTTON FISHES
Represented Species : H eta 1 s Included:
Pacific Hake
Pacific Tomcod
Ma 11 eye Pollock
Pacific Cod
Arsenic 'lercury
Cadnium Nickel
Ctronn'ui Selenium
Copper Silver
Lead Zinc
1= 8.4
7* 8.5
X= 8.0
Ho Sample
Point Defiance Hyleoos Waterway Old Town Dock City Waterway Discovery
Oock Say
-53-
-------
22.5
20.0
17.5
I 15-°
I
«*
I
^ 12.5
O
3
a
©
cj
1
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
Figure B-5 Average of "ltotal Metal Concentration in
Flathead Sole Muscle Tissue Collected from
One Camencanent Bay Site ard a Reference
Station at Discovery Bay
FLATHEAD SOLE
Metals Included:
No Samole
Arsenic Mercury
Cadmium Nickel
Chromium Selenium
Copper Silver
Lead Zinc
4.300 In
.500 »i
.350 Pb
.250 Cu
.470 Cr
1.000 As *o Sample
Mo Sanp'e
4.000 Zn
.200 Ni
.310 ?b
.280 Cu
.070 Cr
5.300 As
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway Old Town Oock
Point Defiance
Dock
Discovery
Bay
-55-
-------
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
.? 12-S
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
Figure B-7 Average of Ttotal Metal Concentration in
Starry Flounder Muscle Tissue Collected
from One Cammcmmt. Bay Site and a
Reference Station at Discovery Say
STARRY FLOUNDER
Hetals Included:
Mo Sample
Arsenic
Cadntun
Chromium
Copper
Lead
^erc-jry
Nickel
Selenium
51^ver
Zinc
5.300 In
.560 Ni
.350 Pb
.300 Cu
.270 Cr
2.100 As
No Sample
?io S.io 1 e
d,7f>c Zn
. 130 .Ni
,6M Pb
.35-1 Cu
..inn rr
, As
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway 01d Town Dock
Point Defence
fSork
Oi scovery
Say
-57-
-------
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
Figure B-9.
Average of Total Metal Concentration in
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Muscle Tissue
Collected from Three Commencement Bay Sites
and a Reference Station at Disoovery Bay
PACIFIC STAGH0RN SCULPIN
Metals Included:
Arsenic
Cadmiun
Chromium
Copper
Lead
7.000 Zn
.167 Ni
.410 Pb
.543 Cu
.323 Cr
.733 As Mo Sample
Hercury
Nicks'!
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
10.00 Zn
.900 Ni
.720 Pb
.720 Cu
.250 Cr
.310 As
8.000 Zn
.197 Ni
.043 Hg
.527 'b
.387 Cu
.107 Cr
.713 As
6.600 Zn
.264 Mi
.363 »t;
.450 Cu
.112 Cr
2.040 As
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway Old Town Dock
Paint Defiance
Dock
Discovery
Bay
-59-
-------
Figure B-U. Average cf Total Metal Concentration ir.
Pacific Hake Huscle Tissue Collected from
TV*) Camrnncmmat Bay Sites
PACIFIC HAKE
No Sample
letals included:
Srssnic
Cadmium
Chromi un
Coooer
Lead
¦lercury
tHckel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
4.780 In
4 . 740 Zr
.250 Hi
.286 Ni
.120 Ho
.532 Pb
.350 Pb
.374 Cu
.430 Cu
.120 Cr
.064 Cr
.534 fis
.640 As
No Samole
No Sample
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway Old Town Dock
Point Defiance
flock
Di scovery
Bay
-61-
-------
22.5
20.0
17.5
o»
1 15.0
e»
<7>
12.5
S 10.0
i
«
£ 7.5
5.0
2.5
Figure B-13.
Average of Ttital Metal Concentration in
Walleye Pollock Muscle Tissue Collected
from Three Ccnmeneanent Bay Sites and a
Reference Station at Discovery Bay
WALLEYE POLLOCK
Metals Included:
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chrociium
Copper
Lead
No Sarole
6.060 Zn
.300 Ni
.076 Ho
.538 Pb
.548 Cu
.094 Cr
.772 As
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
B.340 Zn
.268 Ni
.082 Hg
.342
.606
.084
Pb
Cu
Cr
1.880 As
5.080 Zn
.256 »ii
.044 Hg
.606 Pb
,822 Cu
.112 Cr
.440 As
5.160 Zn
.2 Ni
078 Hg
352 Pb
532 Cu
072 O-
740 .1;
Hylebos Waterway City Waterway
Old Town nock
Point Defiance
Oock
Oi scovery
3a y
-63-
-------
Table B-l.
Avero<;i> Held) Concentrations found in Fish Species Sampled in the Commencement Bay Area and a Reference Station at Discovery Bay ug/g wet weight
C-Q SOIL (N) Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Zinc
HyleOos Waterway
City Waterway
Old Town Dock
Point Defiance Dock (i)
37.6
0.006
0.18
0.44
0.65
0.02
0.50
0.06
0.006u
10.7
Discovery Bay
EtlGllSH SOLC (N)
Hylebos Waterway (5)
4.9
0.008
0.23
0.28
0.25
0.03
1.3
< 0.14
0.07u
5.1
City Waterway (5)
5.1
O.OOSu
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.04
0.65
Q.Q?u
O.Olu
5.5
Old Town Oock (3)
2.9
0.00?
0.14
0,38
0.58
0.03
0.46
0.12
0.006u
5.9
Point Defiance Dock {3}
8.6
0.00?
0.28
0.39
3.9
0.03
0.52
<= 0.13
0.006u
6.5
Discovery Bay {5)
3.2
« 0.006
0.06
0.42
0.46
0.04
0.23
0.07u
O.Olu
5.2
Flathead sole (n)
Hylebos Waterway
City Waterway (1)
1.0
0.005u
0.47
0.25
0.35
0.04
0.50
0.3Qu
0.007u
4.3
Old Town Oock
Point Defiance Oock
Discovery Bay (1)
5.3
O.OOlu
0.07
0.28
0.31
0.04
0.20
O.0?u
O.Olu
4.0
-------
Table 6-1. com.
Average Metal Concentrations Found In Fish Species Sampled in the Commencement Bay Area and a Reference Station at Discovery Bay ug/g wet weight
PACIFIC STAGHOfiN SCUiPlW (N) Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper lead Mercury Nickel Seleniiw Silver Zinc
Hylebos Waterway (3)
0.73
0.021
0.32
0.54
0.41
0.02
0.17
O.OSu
O.OlOu
7.0
City Waterway
Old Town Dock (1)
0.31
0.012
0,25
0.72
0.72
0.03
0.90
0.12
0,006u
10.0
Point Defiance Dock (3)
0.71
0.004U
0.11
0.89
0.53
0.04
0.20
0.07u
0.007u
8.0
Discovery Bay (5)
2.0
< 0.004
0.11
0.45
0.37
0.03
0.26
G,07u
O.OlOu
6.6
R0CKF1SH (N)
Hylebos Waterway
City Waterway
Old Town Dock (1)
0.55
0.012
0.28
0.66
0.58
0.03
0.48
0.14
0.006u
9.8
Point Defiance Dock
Discovery Bay
WHITESPOTTLO GREEHLIN6 (N)
Hylebos Waterway (3)
0.71
0.010
0.49
0.42
0.31
0.17
0.18
O.OSu
O.OlOu
8.3
City Waterway
Old Town Dock
Point Defiance Dock
Discovery flay
-------
Table B-1. cont.
Ave ¦aye Metal Concentrations found in Fish and Crab Species Sampled in the Commencement Bay Area and a Reference Station at Discovery Bay ug/g wet weight
V«At. 11Yt POLLOCK (N) Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Copper lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Zinc
llylebns Wuterway
City Waterway (5)
0.7?
0.015
0.09
0.55
0.54
0.08
0.30
0.07u
O.OlOu
6.1
Old Town Dock (5)
1.9
0.006
0.08
0.61
0.34
0.08
0.27
0.0/u
O.OlOu
5.3
loint Defiance Dock (5)
1.4
0.004u
0.11
0.82
0.61
0.04
0.26
0.07u
0.007u
5.1
Discovery Bay (5)
1.7
«:0.005
0.07
0.53
0.35
0.08
0.21
0.07u
O.OlOu
5.2
DUHGfNCSS CRAB (N)
flyletios Waterway (2)
2.8
0.027
0.19
12.7
0.82
0.08
0.76
«= 0.11
0.235
49.3
City Waterway (2)
5.8
0.032
0.32
15.0
0.69
0.08
0.88
0.26
0.330
49.7
Old Town Dock
Point Defiance Dock
Discovery Say (2)
1.7
0.021
0.0b
4.3
0.36
0.07
1.6
0.07u
0.195
52.6
-------
Table B-? conl. Average Metal Concentrations Identified in fish Muscle Tissue Sampled in the
Commencement Bay Area and a Reference Station at Oisccvery Bay, ug/g wet weight
Station
Species
(M)
Mean
Mean
Mean
flean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
f4ean
Mean
Range
Range
Range
RanQe
Ranoe
Ranne
Ranoe
Ran
-------
Table 8-3.
Metal Concentrations Found in Fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at the Hylebos Waterway , ug/g Wet weight
Lab. No.
Species
Sb
As
8e
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Hg
Ni
Se
Ag
T1
Zn
36051
English Sole
.2u
7.0
,005u
.008
.62
.31
.36
.03
1.2
.08u
.007u
.04u
5.6
36052
English Sole
. 2u
3.3
,005u
.006
.11
.26
.21
.03
1.2
08u
.007u
.04u
4.8
36053
English Sole
.2u
7.3
,005u
.008
.15
.30
.27
.04
1.3
.38
. 007u
. 04u
5.0
36054
English Sole
.2 u
4.1
005u
.011
.17
.26
.21
.04
1.4
,08u
.007u
. 04u
5-?
36055
English Sole
,2u
3.0
.005u
.006
.11
.25
.18
.02
1.2
. 08 u
.007u
.04u
5.0
44000
Whltespotted Greenling
.07 u
.81
. 006u
.006
.43
.35
.28
.23
.20
.08u
¦ Olu
.04u
7.7
44001
Whitespotted Greenling
.07u
.44
.006u
.006
.65
.47
.37
.07
.17
,08u
.Olu
.04u
9.0
44002
Whitespotted Greenling
,07u
.89
. 006u
.019
.39
.44
.28
.22
.17
. 08 u
.Olu
.04u
8.3
44003
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
-07u
.51
006u
.025
.34
.54
.70
.04
.10
. OBu
¦ Olu
. 04u
7.0
44004
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
07u
.59
.006u
.020
.30
.44
.22
.02
.17
.08u
.Olu
. 04u
6.3
44005
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
.07u
1.1
.006u
.017
.33
.65
.31
.01
.23
.08u
.Olu
04u
7.7
-------
Lab. i
28000
29000
29001
29002
29003
38027
29004
36028
01000
01001
01002'
01003
01005
01004
01006
01007
Table B-3. cont.
fletal Concentrations found in fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at the Point Defiance Dock, ug/g «et weight
Spec tes
Rock Sole
Sb
07u
As
2.5
8e
.003
Cd
.006
Cr
Cu
.40
Pb
.45
H9
.05
Ni
.36
Se
25
*9
,Q0Su
T1
. 05u
Rock Sole
07u
11.9
.003
006
.24
.47
45
.03
.60
18
.OOfiu
05 u
Rock Sole
07 u
34.1
.003
008
.20
.35
55
.02
.50
29
¦ 006u
03u
English Sole
07u
14.6
.003
012
.20
.49
72
.03
.43
17
,006u
.03u
English Sole
07 u
3.2
,003
004
.22
.42
10.4
.03
.40
17
,006u
03u
English Sole
07u
7.9
.003
004
.41
.27
67
.02
.73
06u
.007u
04u
C-0 Sole
07o
37.8
.003
006
.18
.44
65
.02
.50
06
¦ 006u
03u
Buffalo Sculpin
07u
3.6
. 005u
005u
.19
.37
40
.02
1.0
06u
.007u
,04u
Walleye Pollock
07 u
2.2
. 004u
004u
.14
.71
si.
¦ji.
07 u
J2Zsi
Malleye Pollock
06u
1.4
,004u
0Q4u
.11
.85
61
,02
.40
07u
¦ 007u
Jiit
Malleye Pol lock
06u
1.9
,004u
004 u
.08
.85
63
.02
,22
07u
007u
,04u
Malleye Pollock
06u
1.3
,004u
004u
.11
.85
63
.02
.19
07 u
00 7u
,04u
Malleye Pollock
06u
.40
, 004u
004 u
,12
.85
63
.22
07u
,007u
. 04u
Pacific Stayliorn Sculpin
06u
.87
004u
004u
,12
1.2
67
.03
.22
07u
00?u
. 04u
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
06u
.67
,004 m
004 u
,12
.66
42
.03
.12
07u
,007u
.04u
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
06u
.60
,004u
004 Li
.80
49
.07
.25
.07u
,007u
. 04u
-------
Table 8-3. cont.
Metal Concentrations Found In Fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at Discovery Bay, ug/g wet weight
tab. No.
Species
Sb
As
Be
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Hg
Ni
Se
Ag
T1
Zn
40000
Starry flounder
.07u
.70
,005u
.013
.48
.35
.61
.05
.18
.17
007u
.04u
4.7
48005
Flathead Sole
,07u
5.3
,005u
,004u
.07
.28
.31
.04
.20
.07u
.Olu
.04u
4.0
48014
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
,07u
2.8
.005u
.004
.12
.52
.27
.02
.30
,07u
.Olu
.04u
6.7
48015
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
-07u
1.7
.005u
.006
.12
.44
.45
.04
.30
,07u
.Olu
.04u
6.7
48016
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
.07u
1.7
,005u
.004u
.09
.33
.42
.04
.23
.07u
¦ Olu
.04u
5.0
4801/
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
¦ 07u
3.1
.005u
.004u
.14
.48
.39
.04
.36
07u
.Olu
.04u
7.3
48018
Pacific Staghorn Sculpin
.07u
.9
,005u
.004
.09
.48
.31
.02
.13
,07u
.Olu
.04u
7.3
48019
Pacific Tomcod
.07u
3.4
,005u
.006
.08
.40
.42
.04
.13
,07u
.Olu
.04u
5.0
48000
English Sole
.07u
2.3
,005u
.006
.07
.40
.49
.04
.20
.07u
.Olu
.04u
5.3
48001
English Sole
.07u
2.1
.005u
.006
.05
.44
.61
.05
.26
.07u
Olu
.04u
7.0
48002
English Sole
,07u
4.1
,005u
. 004u
.05
.40
.46
.02
.33
.07u
.Olu
.04u
4.3
48003
English Sole
. 07u
3.6
.005u
.008
.07
.44
.31
.05
.17
.07u
.Olu
.04u
4.7
48004
English Sole
. 07u
4.0
,005u
.004u
.07
.40
.45
.04
.17
,07u
¦ Olu
.04u
4.7
48007
Walleye Pollock
,07u
.9
,005u
,004u
.12
.93
.31
.03
.26
,07u
.Olu
,04u
4.7
48008
Wd1leye Pol lock
.07u
1.3
.005u
.006
.05
.33
.31
.09
.17
.0/u
.Olu
,04u
4.7
48010
lid! leye Pol lock
. 07u
.9
.005u
.004
.05
.48
.39
.11
.17
.07u
Olu
,04u
4.7
48012
Walleye Pol lock
.07u
4.1
,005u
. 004u
.07
.59
.33
.08
.23
.07u
.Olu
,04u
6.7
48013
Walleye Pollock
.07u
1.5
,005u
.006
.07
.33
.42
.08
.23
. 07u
¦ Olu
. 04u
5.0
-------
APPENDIX C.
Comparison of Organic Compounds Among Fish Species and Sampling Sites
N
NOTE: "m" indicates that a concentration falls between the detection
level and the quantitation level for that compound
" < " denotes that quantifiable concentrations have been averaged
together with "m" concentrations
For more Information concerning detection limits see Appendix F
page 115.
-------
Table C-l. The Average Concentrations of Priority Pollutant Organlcs Identified In fish Muscle Tissues
Sampled at Four Commencement Bay Sites and « Reference Station at Discovery Bay
* - ug/kg wet weight *» » ug/g wet weight
Point Defiance Dock City Waterway Old Town Dock Hylebos Waterway Discovery Bay
Compound
Kd/Na
J
8
M
0
Nd/Na
X
8
N
0
Nd/Na
X
B
N
0
Nd/Na
X
8
H
0
Nd/Na
X
__
8
M
0
hexachlorobenzene *
4/9
<48.25
3
1
0
Isophorone *
1/12
920m
0
1
0
naphthalene*
1/11
510
1
0
0
.
n-nltrosod 1 phenyl amine *
1/12
64
0
0
1
t>ls(2-ethylhe*yl) phthalate
6/10
281
5
1
0
6/11
111.67
6
0
0
7/12
122.14
1
2
4
6/9
62.67
2
4
0
2/5
125
2
0
0
butylbenzyl phthalate *
2/10
385
1
1
0
2/9
54.5
0
2
0
al-n-butyl phthalate *
2/10
595
1
1
0
5/11
598
5
0
0
5/12
342.4
1
0
4
6/9
266.7
3
3
0
2/5
120
2
0
0
diethyl phthalate *
6/10
87.5
5
0
1
8/11
<¦ 33.38
7
0
1
10/12
67.9
4
3
3
7/9
35.29
5
2
0
2/1
<54
2
0
0
dimethyl phthalate *
1/5
8
I
0
0
phenol *
2/10
141.5
0
0
2
3/11
22.67
0
0
3
1,1,1-trlchloroethane **
2/16
0.04
0
i
1
**
1,2-trans-dlchloroethylene
2/22
0.01m
0
0
2
ethyl benzene '*
1/22
0.01m
0
0
1
1/19
0.01m
1
0
0
methylene chloride **
8/16
0.48
0
3
5
2/22
0.18
0
0
2
3/19
0.53
0
0
3
1/18
O.l
0
0
1
tetrachloroethylene "
7/11
<0.033
4
3
0
toluene **
1/16
0.03
0
0
1
1
1/18
0.01m
1
0
0
trfchloroethylene "
6/11
<0.043
4
2
0
(Nd/Na)* No. Fish with Detectlble Values over No. Fish Analyzed (8)=Bottom Fishes {M)=Ml*ed Fishes (0)*Qff-Bottom Fishes
-------
«A
0»
S
Table C-2. cont. 3
U
Concentrations of Priority 2
Pollutants Found In Fish £.
Muscle Tissue Sampled at;
t-
*-»
»
e
tki
JZ
Ck-
0
2
**
c
1
c
i
c
1
4-J
3
*
m
5
4-i
JZ
cx
*>»
*¦»
2
i
C
1
T3
Qi
~-»
*9
*->
jz
a.
»>
JZ
+>
m
-o
~
«>
«
m
x:
&
»*
JZ
I
"5
tr
u
«d
*
Ui
o
»r-
U
<
«
o
c
i?
&
w
Of
4-»
rO
O
»
*
*
C
5
~J
8
i»
O
x:
u
%.
4~*
* 4*
# C
>»
£
O
L.
0
JC
u
M
c
m
u
*j
1
»
x:
4-»
01
*
&
C
1
'o
4~>
«
1
&
£
4'
S!
fu
O
jC
u
M
29005 (12)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46051 (12)
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46052 (12)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01m
0.01m
3BQ22 (5)
160
580
35
46050 (10)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46058 (10)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30)26 (3)
430
30
36050 (2)
170
580
45
38021 (2)
180
700
50
38023 (2)
60
30
38024 (2)
80
700
35
38025 (2)
510
20
25
46053 (13)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46054 (13)
35
0.3
46055 (13)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46056 (13)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,01m
0.07
46057 (13)
46059 (11)
21
46060 (11)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
»
46061 (11)
17m
12
46062 (11)
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46063 (11)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(2)= English Sole , (3)= Flathead Sole » (5)* Starry Flounder , (10)= Pacific Cod , (II)* Pacclflc Hake , (12)= Pacific Towcod , (13)=-Walleye Pollock
-------
i/v
J3
m
Table C-2. cont. t>
Point Defiance Dock ^
IQ
lab. Ho. sp. Code 10
#
£
X
CL
2
~
01
c
£
m
C
o>
JZ
CL
G
©
(A
O
u
4-»
c
c
O*
»o
jr
-*
JC
CX
*>»
X
«>
JC
£
4*
I
cv
*
QJ
¦V
x:
~-»
JC.
Q.
*>»
C
|
«-»
3
XI
«r
(U
*
*-*
3
J~
i
cr
X>
*
Ol
*-»
«o
5
JZ
Cl
*>*
£.
*->
QJ
¦G
OJ
m
fO
4Z
~-*
JC
Q.
JC
I
¦5
i/t
m
4-*
u
fa
w
*-»
X
Ui
-o
<
«
o
c
o
aft
~-*
«o
O
>¦
k
C
5
~-*
£
O
JC
u
u
*
:s
JC
**
flU
o
u
Q
-C
u
?
lA
c
e
~-»
*
cv
*
*
a*
c
4>
N
C
1
JC
*-»
a#
*
*
&
"O
o
XZ
£
»
Oi
c
QJ
JC
«->
~
1
0)
21
©
~
%
c
a>
*>»
x:
*¦*
K
o
jC
u
%-
23000 <4>
29000 (4)
230
120
2'JOOl (4)
29002 (2)
230
86
29003 (2)
306
83
300?7 (2)
170
75
770
40
29004 (I)
490
156
38028 {6)
260
695
420
01000 (13!
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
01001 (13)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,4
0.Q3
01002 (13)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,4
01003 (13)
40
63
0.03
0,4
01005 (13)
220
0.6
01004 (/)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.4
01006 (?)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,7
"1007 (?)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
(0)- Base Neutral ot
Acid £
stracti
tie Fra
:t1on N
it Ana'
'zed Fc
'
(*)- Case Neutral o?
Acid £
itracti
ile Con
¦ouitd E
:presse
1 in us
kg we
weigl
(*)" Volatile Compo
ind Exp
essed
n uy/g
WL>t W
Ighc
1
(1)« C-Q Sole, (2)- English Sole, (4)« Kock Sole, (6}= Buffalo Sculpin, (7)= Pacific Staghorn Sculpin, (13)- Walleye Pollock
-------
trt
a*
jQ
u
j
Table C-2A, 2
Concentrations of Priorit/"
Pollutants In Dungeness ~
Crab lluscle Tissue Sampled^
at the Hylebos and City j
Waterways and Discovery r-
Bay *
m
CO
c
o
u
o
JC
o.
Q
lA
»
*
u
js
¦M
j-
Ci
m
C
9
O
VI
0
u
4->
£
1
c
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Hylebos Waterway
36058
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01m
0.01 ID
36059
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
O.Oln
0,14
0,01 m
City Waterway
36056
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36057
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Discovery Bay
18006
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4B011
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(a)* Not
Analyz
?d For
*y GCHS
but wa
Oetec
ed on
»C/EC 1
F1sh
nd Cra
>s from
the Hy
ebos U
le rwa.y
as She
m In T
tbles A
¦2 and
^-3
(0)- Bat
e Neott
it or /
;id Ext
'actibl
? Fracl
ions Nt
t Ana 1i
red Fo
()¦= 6a-
9 Heutr
») or /
^;id Ext
actib"
» Coinp<
ind Exf
"essed
in iiq/l
ij net
eight
{»*)> Vi
latile
^ompour
ti Expre
;sed ir
ug/g
wet wt
ight
-------
g"
cr
T £ O
tt> 3
>< l~
butenoic acid, 2-metiyl ,
methyl ester
butanoic acid, 2-methyl ,
methyl ester
butanoic acid,
ethyl ester
pentencnc acid,
methyl ester
2-pentanoic acid,
methyl ester
hexancic acid,
methyl ester
hexanedioic acid,
dihexyl ester
2-piperidene-carboxyl ic
acid ,1-acetyl, ethyl es
furan ,2-pentyl-
2(5H)-furanone,5-
ethyl-
acetone
2-butanone
2-pentanone
2-pentanone,3-methyl
2-pentanone ,4-methyl-
3-pentanone,2,4-
dimethyl-
3-henanone
3-hexen-2-one
heptanone
2 heptanone
propa na1,2-methyl
bsit.mal
butanal, 2-me thy1-
biit.mal ,3-methyl
-------
Table C-3.
Hon-Priority Pollutant Organic
Compounds Tentatively Identified
in Fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at:
City Waterway
Lab Number
Species
>*
at
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X3
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XI
X)
XJ
JO>
29005
Pacific Tomcod
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46051
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T~
0
0
46052
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
~~o~
0
0
46050
Pacific Cod
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46058
»
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
"IT
0
0
3R0P2
Starry Flounder
3A026
Flathead Sole
30050
English Sole
38021
..
38023
»
38024
»
H
¦
¦
¦
38025
m
m
wmmmmwrnm
46053
Ualleye Pollock
0
0 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1
0
0
0
0
0
46054
n ¦
Pa
46055
II H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o !
0
0
0
0
0 1
0
0
0
0
0
46056
0
0
0
0
0
cr
0
0
0
0
0
0
o 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
46057
m
l^gl
1
___
46060
Pacific Hake
0
0
0
0
0~
0
0
0
ol
0
0
0
0
0
0
~r
46061
mm-
4606?
II H
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46063
0
0
6
0
0
0"
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
""ft"
3
""(T
~TT
"IT
46059
EM
-------
Table C-3.
cont.
Ci ty
Waterway
Ldt. Number
'ON
13-1
w-NO
- V-
r-» - ^ O
- t +r
QJ fSJ QJ to
tl C V
"0 <\J id +->
sr. - jc a>
~.» +->
qj a>
>>
X
O
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CU O O
c e t- ai o o
fO «- »
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46063
0
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0
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0
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.
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z
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II
n
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-------
-26-
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X ¦ IS
buteioic acid, 2-n>ethy' ,
methyl ester
butanoic acid, 2-nethyl,
rethy 1 ester
fcutancjc acid,
ethyl ester
pentenoic acid,
methyl ester
2-pentanoic acid,
n-,elhyl ester
hexanoic acid,
ire thy! ester
he*anedioic acid,
dihexyl ester
J-pioendene-carboxyl ic
acid ,1 -acetyl. ethyl est
furan,2~pentyl-
2{5H)uranOne.S-
ethy! -
acetone
2-butanone
2-penunone
?-rertarone,3-nethyl-
2-pentanone,4-methyl -
3-pentanone,2,4-
dimethyl -
3-hexar.one
3-hexen-2-one
heptanone
2 heptanone
propana1,2-methyl -
butanal
butana1,2-methyl -
hut,T>n 1 ,3 -methyl -
-------
Table C-3. cont.
Non-Priority Pollutant Organic
Compounds Tentatively Identified
in fish Muscle Tissue Sampled at:
Point Defiance Dock
lab. Number
Species
4>
,
o
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c
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%
28000
Rock Sole
.
29000
II H
29001
"
29002
English Sole
I
29003
M «
1
38027
" "
m
i
29004
C-0 Sole
38028
Buffalo Sculpin
i
01000
Walleye Pollock
>^rr
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
01001
»
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0
0
0
0
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0
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0 i
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 !
0
01003
fcL
rEE
.
01005
"
IS
us
01004
Pac. Staq. Sculpin
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
01006
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0100/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Igjg Compound Detected
| | Compound Not Detected
[ o ] Base Neutral or Acid Extractable Compound Not determined
-------
M3
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»
table C-3.
cont.
Discovery Bay
tab. Number
tXl
c--.
-a
T5
w
<*>
,
,
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-
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0
1
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*rr"3|
4«nns
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
48011
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48015
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48016
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48017
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48019
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m
48000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48001
48002
0
0
0
0
0
'eM
0
0
IPI.M
48003
if
48004
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48007
0
0
48008
0
0
0
0
0
1
48010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
40012
48013
mrp:
r-^i
Ely
_
*
-------
Table 0-1.
Collection ana Biological Ddta for Fish and Crab
Specimens Taken in Commencement and Discovery Bays.
E.P.A.
Ui t) , !!0 . S ta n oft
O u
b
9
Posterior margin of caudal
fin eroded.
2800!
Old Town Dock
7/16/41
1840
(took *
Line
Rack fish sp.
Sebast.es sp.
f
195
136.64
33,77
3.08
3
28002
01 d Tomi Dock
7/16/31
1945
Hook *¦
Line
Pac. Stag. Sculp in
Ipptocottus armatus
r
224
167.38
34.75
6.64
4
2'J0u0
Point Dei ijnce
Dock
i'uint lie; n j net-
Dock
7/70/81
7/20/81
1230
1230
Trawl
Trawl
Rack Sole
Rock Sole
M
r
19ft
195
76.02
101.32
_")0U1
23.91
32.43
1.00
0.91
4
3
Lesion on caudal peduncle,
bleeding with opaque area
surrounding it (blind side)
Blind side with bloodworms.
29002
Blind side with embedded
bloodworms.
HiH nt 0\.-t t >snce
Lnj c
7/20/S1
1230
Trawl
tnylish Sale
1'arophrys yetulus
H
280
162.03
41.73
2,71
4
Eyed and blind sides with
embedded bloodworms.
fulfil Oct 14nee1
0 -it. k
7/20/81
1230
Irawl
Engliih Sole
F
234
113.41
30.30
2.52
4
Blind side with embedded
bUindwoi a s.
29004
foint Oetlance
fc,ck
7/20/81
1230
T rawl
C-0 Sole
PIK'.ironichthys cocnosu-o
M
187
82.11
28.74
1.23
2
29005
Lit/ Udtcrw.iy
( fo tein Hlr) nj )
7/74/81
1145
Hook *
Line
Pacific Tomcod
Hicrosj.idus prox imus
F
179
46.21
12.88
0.54
2
29lWo
01 iJ Town Dock
7/24/til
1015
I rawl
Hock Sole
M
226
151.17
49.60
3. 36
3
?9on;
<.|j fuwn luck
7/24/fil
1015
Trawl
Buffa. 1 o Sf(J 1 pin
tnopltrys bison
r
285
615.75
65.97
22,46
-
Part of left maxillary appeared
torn away
-------
t.P.A.
it), t;o.
36059
330 ?0
m21
38022
38021
38024
38026
33026
3802/
38028
moot)
4 It)»)()
Table 0-1.corit.
Collection and Biological Data for Fish arid Crab Specimens Taken in Commencement and Discovery Bays.
Station
*-» >
i icovery Bay
10/6/81
1100
Trawl
Starry Flounder
f
1/1
1455.0
396.03
28.48
11
lly 1 t-bos Waterway
11/5/81
1000-
1300
Itoofc »
I i «e
!Jhi t.espotted fireenl 1 wj
Hexoqr aminos Stellen
f
331
501.36
147.21
27.42
3
Appearance good, frown before
processing.
Appearance qood. Sma11"scar" on
left posterior portion of
carapace.
Liver dark pink/purple.
Apparent hemarrahaging a long
dorsal .ventral and caudal fins
Liver yellowish/rust with purple
¦igiris,,,
Liver cream/pink.
Bloodworms embedded on blind
sides. Liver cream/pink,
Ultnd side with red {raw)
tinge,Liver ye Ilow/bruwn.
Blind side with raw-looking
pink/red splotcnes, liver
1 iyhl cream brown.
Souie erosion of dot sal ami
ventral fin membranes Liver
brownish pi,rple.
Liver yellow/orange
Several sisal 1 lesions appearing
red on blind side possibly
associated with copepod
m ra <¦ i 11> s I. i vf r light yellow.
jtOHWcti full oi snrxi'p parts
and one snrimp. liver pink
brown with surface white splotch
-es
-------
Table D-!.
cont. Collection and Biological Data for Fish ana Crab Specimens Taken in Coumencement and Discovery Bays.
E.P.A.
lib. No
j £ j t ton
O t>
*V
Qj
O
o
Species
Sex
fork
length
{«"«)
Total
Weight
M
Total
fillet
i^e tght
(9)
I. iver
Weight
6056
City '..'atemay
Totem lUrtisa)
11/20/81
2030-
2330
Hook
I ine
f
Walleye Pollock
f
389
381.29
92.68
11.24
4
4 o057
City Waterway
(Totem Marina)
11/20/81
2030-
2330
Hook
L i ne
~
Wa1leye Pol lock
r
362
260.40
46.88
3.09
4
4o(Jba
C11 / Uater.iay
(Totui Marina)
15/? 0/81
2030-
2330
Hook
t i ne
f
Pacific Cod
it
142
913.00
227.70
12.45
2
JtOsy
City Waterway
{r.te.,i Marioa)
11/20/81
2030-
2330
Hook
I ine
i
Pact fi c Hake
Her luce ins profit)c tus
r
136
529.75
136.08
31.14
-
4isnf,u
City t.'a terv/ay
{lottin Marina)
11/20/81
2030
2330
Hook
I ine
+
Pacific Hake
f
43?
536.89
132.80
40.60
-
6061
C; 1/ Wat en,ay
(lutein ."ijriiia)
11/20/til
2030-
2330
itook
L»ne
Pact fic Hake
i
137
411.72
121.51
17.32
-
160c ;
City Ualen.dy
{t.jtft.i Marina)
1 1/20/81
2030-
2330
Hook
L i i'e
~
'dCi f ic Hake
i
120
454.91
75.52
11.03
-
4(>OC3
City Water-way
(Totem Manna)
1 1/20/81
2030-
2330
Hook
L i r.e
~
'acific Hake
F
15a
454.84
104.37
28.79
-
4S;0O(,
Discovery Ely
12/1 All
j 000
Trawl
Inglish Sole
H
281
209.51
6 7,6!
4.64
5
l.i ic.ivery fcay
12/l/fal
1000
Trawl
I ikj 1 i sh Si 11 e
M
3i'1
240,42
56. 39
4.21
Remarks
Caudal fin with flap of tissue
above cauoal peduncle, Upper
lobe of caudal fin sua Her.
Open wound opposite (lap. liver
tlnn, gray.
Liver light gray.
Upper lobe or caudal tin traced
liver purple/brown with a te*
coi led(worm) cyst-like structures
..n'
liver light brown with
splotches.
j/ J 'iK
liver 1 iijMt beige wi th ourple
veins in places.
Liver light beige.
Liver light be iye with p:nK
tinged spTotcnes. Coi led rjur.j-
worms on 1iver.
TTver
tinge
light be iye wicri pin*
liver light tieigi?.
Blind side with red flecks.
Liver gray/brown wi tfi m ¦/>
white splotches.
Blind side with red flecks,
liver pink/beige.
-------
Table 0-1. cont. Collection and Biological Data for Fish and Crab Specimens Taken in Commencement and Discovery Bays.
o m o m x> u Fork Total Fillet Liver Estimated
F.P.A. 5 2 Length Weight Height Weight Age
1 -b- te Station 3 o a si's Species Sex (inn) (gj (g) (g) (yrs) Remarks
480 J 3
Discovery Bay
12/1/81
1000-
1210
Trawl
Walleye Pollock
f
43?
677.28
180.64
50.37
4
liver light pink/beige with
coiled (worm-like) cysts on
surface.
43014
Discovery (say
12/1/81
1000-
1230
Trawl
Pacific Stag horn
Sculpin
M
285
390.15
73.83
8.63
3
Liver pink/beige.
4S0I5
Discovery Bay
1?/1/81
1000-
1230
Trawl
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
F
2b0
233.45
38.11
4.33
3
liver pink/beige with scarlet
edges.
43016
Discovery Bay
12/1/81
1000-
1230
Trawl
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
H
301
446.16
66.48
8.38
2
Liver pink/beige w»tfi scarlet
edges and tint.
4301 ?
Discovery Bay
12/1/81
1Q0U-
1230
Trawl
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
f
313
413.17
63.29
6.98
4
Liver brown/pink.
i 801 a
Discern*! y Bay
12/1/81
1000-
1230
fr awl
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpin
f
22 4
150.82
29.80
3.51
2
Liver pink/brown.
43019
Discovery Bjy
i 2!1/81
10(10-
1230
20J0-
2330
T rani
Pacific Toi'icod
-
200
72.71
19.18
2.14
3
liver light gray/pink.
75
Old Town Dock
12/10/8)
took ~
L iiwi
Mali eye Pnllock
M
3b4
392.43
104.72
18. 35
3
Liver pink/beige with red
splotches. A few wunn-like
cysts on surface.
490 h
Hid fowl Dock
12/10/B1
2030-
2330
Hook +
Line
Wall eye Pollock
M
358
407.93
111.67
17.67
2
Liver light cream with red
splotches, Ssime worm-1 ike
cysts on surface.
490/7
Old luwn (Jock
12/10/81
2030-
2330
Hook. ~
Line
Walleye Pol lock
M
273
208. 37
55.17
13.27
1
liver pink/1ight beige.
i .!u t ;\
Old tonii Dock
12/10/81
20)0-
2330
Itook *
1 me
Walleye Pollock
H
272
171.58
48.30
5.81
2
Liver pink/beige.
450/'.'
Old To,
-------
Table O-l.cont. Collection anil Biolgical Data for Msh eind Crdb Specimens Taken in Commencement and Discovery Bays,
E.P.A.
Ldb, No,
"3 '.j
^ OJ
bid I son
Species
Total
Fork Total Fillet liver C&iim.Hud
Length Weigni Weight Weight Age
Sex (inn) ( C K
1/7/0?
1/f/B?
1/7/82
1930-
?13C>
1930-
2130
I'jto -
2 530
Hook ~
L i rie
Hook *
L i fie
MOOk <
I. i ne
Walleye Pollock
Pacific StcKjiiorn
Sculpm
Pacific Staghorn
Sculpi n
402
264
2/7
376.19
236.92
2/9.14
82. S8
43.35
5? .as
4.09
6,67
10.23
Liver small, brown/beige with
coiled worm-like cysts on
surface.
Liver peach with red splotches..
Liver peach with red splotches
-------
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Organic Analysis
Tissue Extraction Procedure
Approximately 30 g of fish muscle tissue was placed in a IQQ-mL
fluted Virtis extraction flask with acid/neutral (A/N) and pesticide
surrogate spikes and 100 mL of methylene chloride/methanol (2:1)
solution. The tissue was ground for 1 minute with a Brinkman
Polytron homogenizer. After filtering through a Whatman #1 filter
using a Buchner funnel pre-rinsed with methylene chloride
(CH2C12)» the tissue was returned to the Virtis flask and the
procedure was repeated twice. The residue was discarded after the
final filtration.
The filtrate was filtered again by gravity through another Whatman #1
filter into a Kuderna-Danish (KD) concentrator, the solvent volume
was reduced on a steam bath using a Snyder column to approximately 10
mL or until foaming occurred and persisted. The organic concentrate
was transferred to a 1-L separatory funnel containing 500 mL of 2%
Na2S04 solution, whose pH was adjusted to 2. After the contents
were shaken for 1 minute, the CH2CI2 layer was allowed to
separate and then drained into a second 500-mL separatory funnel.
The extraction of the aqueous portion in the large separatory funnel
was repeated twice, with two 50-mL portions of CH2Cl2» and the
organic extracts combined in the 500-mL separatory funnel. The
organic phase was washed twice with 25-mL portions of 2% Na£S04
solution, pH adjusted to 2. Centrifugation was used, when necessary,
to remove any emulsion. The aqueous portion was discarded.
The C^Cl? fraction was tranferred to a KD flask fitted with a
Synder column, and the volume reduced to approximately 5 mL. The
samples that were extracted prior to 3 December 1981 were evaporated
to 4.0 mL with a nitrogen (N2) evaporator and divided in half for
A/N and pesticide analysis. Samples extracted after 3 December 1981
were reduced to 5.0 mL; 4.0-mL and 1.0-mL portions were taken for A/N
and pesticide analysis, respectively.
Pesticide Extraction Procedure
Approximately 5 mL of hexane was added to the ampule containing the
pesticide fraction. The ampule was then fitted with a micro-Snyder
column and refluxed on a steam bath to remove the CH2C12- A
Florisil column was prepared, rinsed with petroleum ether, and the
hexane extract was transferred to the top of it. Two hundred
milliliters of pentane was passed through the column and collected.
This fraction was used for the analysis of polychlorinated butadienes
(PCBD's) and PC8's. Next, 200 mL each of the 6%, 15%, and 50%
diethyl ether/pentane mixtures were passed through the column,
collected and combined. The ether/pentane solvent was replaced by
iso-octane by use of a N2 evaporator, and the volume was reduced to
2.0 mL before injection.
-109-
-------
Gas Chromatography/Fiass Spectrometry AnalysisVolatile Organic
Analysis (VQA)
Every sample was analyzed for VOA compounds. Approximately 1 g of
finely sliced tissue was placed in a 4U-mL screw cap vial ana held at
-12°C until ready for analysis. Just prior to purging, 10 mL of
organic-free water containing the internal standards was added to the
vial containing the thawed sample. The vial was connected to a
Tekmar purge and trap instrument, heated in a 60UC water bath and
sparged onto a trap containing 2/3 Tenax and 1/3 silica gel. Tne
volatile compounds were desorbed at 180°C onto a Q.2% CV/1500
stainless steel column (80-100 mesh, Carbopack C) he!a at 30UC.
After desorption, the GC oven temperature was raised to 60"C ana he! a
for 2 minutes, and then programed at O'C/minute to 180"C and held for
19 minutes. The GC/MS used was a Finnigan 3100D with a Riber SADR
data system.
-m-
-------
APPENDIX F.
Quality Assurance
-------
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The purpose of quality assurance 1n a laboratory is to ensure the
reliability and validity of data generated and help maintain control of
the quality of data. Through the use of quality control (QC) samples and
procedures, a more definite evaluation of the precision and accuracy of a
determination can be obtained. The variations in data can then be
attributed to real differences among samples, and trends in the data can
be Identified better.
Organic Parameters
Quality assurance (QA) for the tissue samples was measured through the
use of surrogate spiking compounds in both tissue and quality control
(QC) samples. QC samples comprised 28% of all samples analyzed. Table
F-l summarizes the QC work.
Table F-l Quality Control Samples Analyzed
Tissue Samples
Fraction Analyzed B1 anks Duplicates Spikes
Base-Neutral/
Acid 49 5 6 3
VOA 92 27 6 6
Pesticide/
CB/PCBD 83 5 8 -
Acid/Neutral Fraction
The compounds used for surrogate spikes for the A/N fraction were
decafl uorobi phenyl, 2-fluorophenol, and pentafluorophenol. The average
recovery (x + for the surrogate spikes for 63 samples was 10$ + 24$,
37$ + 23$, and 3$ + 30$, respectively. ~
The average recovery for spiked add and neutral compounds from three
spiked samples, a total of 50 values, was 57$ + 44$. Di-n-butylphthalate
and bis (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate were present in all samples and blanks
at low levels. All data were reported uncorrected. In the six duplicate
samples for the A/N fraction, only one sample had any target compounds
that were detected. Six compounds were detected In sample 36050, but
their concentrations were below the limit of quantitation. Only one of
the six compounds was detected in the duplicate.
-113-
-------
DETECTION UNITS
The limit of detection of a compound is defined as an analyte signal 3
standard deviations above the peak to peak noise level of the instrument
in the region of the expected analyte peak. Any signal not exceeding
this minimum response would be judged as not indicating the presence of
the analyte. The limit of quantitation is defined as the analyte signal
that is 10 standard deviations above the noise level of the instrument.
Between these two limits is a region of detection in which a compound can
be identified, but whose concentration is too low to allow an accurate
estimate of its value (1).
The symbol "u" is used when the value preceding it is the quantitation
limit for the particular substance. It means that the concentration, if
any, falls below the detection limit. The symbol "m" indicates that the
concentration of the substance falls between its detection limit and its
quantitation limit. The symbol "<" is used in tables and bar graphs
throughout the appendices, and is an artifact of averaging. When
quantifiable values are averaged together with indeterminate "u" or "m"
values the quotient is preceded by the symbol.
The quantitation limits of all the target compounds and metals are listed
in Table F-3 and F-4. The quantitation limits of the VOA compounds are
generally lower than the A/N compounds because the purge and trap
procedure eliminates many matrix problems.
-115-
-------
Table F-3 cont.
Ui-tcrt ion Limits of Organic Compound! Aiidly/td in
Coniuericeitterit Gay Tissue *
i
VOA Coiiipcunds fpuU)
Chlbroeinane
Methyl Bromide
Acrolein
200.
10.
10
Acrylom ti'i le
100.
Chloroform
10.
liromoform
10
Uen.'fci'e
10.
1,1 - Oichiorce thy lerie
10.
IJ romod i c h 1 ome t hane
10
Carbon tetrachloride
10.
1,2-1rans-0ich 1 oroethy 1 er.e
10.
i r i tli Jorof 1 uoroiiic thdne
10
Chlorobetizer.e
10.
i,2-Oichloropropane
10.
01 b roinoc h 1 o row thane
10
1 ,2-d ic hioroe thane
10.
cis-!,3-Dichloropropene
10.
Te tracli 1 oroe thy iene
10
1 , i,! -7 r i cii Ior6o thane
10.
trans-1,3-Oichloroprcpene
10.
Toluene
10
1,l-Oicnloroelhane
10.
tthy 1 benzene
10.
Trichloroethylene
10
1 , 1,2-IruliloroMhane
so.
M.M hy lent Chloride
10.
Vinyl Chloride
10
1,,2 ,2-Teti'dcli ioioi! thane
10.
Methyl Chloride
10.
2-Ch 1 oroe thyiViny1 1 ther
10
* Wt; t V.ii } () I) L bJ i S
------- |