EPA-600/R-97-135
November 1997
Florida Large Building Study
Polk County Administration Building
Final Report
By
Ashley D. Williamson
Susan E. McDonough
Bobby E. Pyle
Charles S. Fowler
Southern Research Institute
P. O. Box 55305
Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305
EPA Contract 68-02-0622 and
Cooperative Agreement CR 818413-01-0
EPA Project Officer: Marc Y. Menetrez
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared for:
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/R-97-135
3. RE
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Florida Large Building Study, Polk County
Administration Building
5. REPORT DATE
November 1997
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. author(s)a„ D. Williamson, S. E. McDonough, B. E. Pyle,
and C. S. Fowler
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
SRI-ENV-94-851-7400.93.
41.1
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
P. O. Box 5305
Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305
)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-0062 and
CR818413-01-0
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 11/93 - 11/96
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15.supplementary notes APPCD project officer is Marc Y. Menetrez, Mail Drop 54, 919/
541-7981.
i6. abstractrep0r|; describes an extensive characterization and parametric assess-
ment study of a single large building in Bartow, FL, with the purpose of assessing
the impact on radon entry of design, construction, and operating features of the
building, particularly the mechanical subsystems. As part of the study, the response
of the structure to a range of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) oper-
ating conditions was continuously monitored to determine the optimum HVAC condi-
tions to reduce indoor radon within the envelope of acceptable operation, regarding
energy, comfort, and indoor air quality impacts on the structure.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution Air Conditioning
Radon Ventilation
Buildings
Design
Construction
Heating
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Large Buildings
Indoor Air
13B
07B
13 M
14 G
13H, 13A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
142
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
NOTICE
This document has been reviewed in accordance with
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names
or commercial products does not constitute endorse
ment or recommendation for use.
-------
FOREWORD
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with pro-
tecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national
environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions lead-
ing to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural
systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research
program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental pro-
blems today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our eco-
logical resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and pre-
vent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency's center for
investigation of technological and management approaches for reducing risks
from threats to human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's
research program is on methods for the prevention and control of pollution to air,
land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water
systems; remediation of contaminated sites and groundwater; and prevention and
control of indoor air pollution. The goal of this research effort is to catalyze
development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental
technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to
support regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and infor-
mation transfer to ensure effective implementation of environmental regulations
and strategies.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-
term research plan. It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Re-
search and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers
with their clients.
E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
-------
ABSTRACT
This report describes a research study undertaken in support of the Florida Standard
for Radon Resistant Construction in Large Footprint Structures, (currently under
development by the Florida Department of Community Affairs). The project entailed an
extensive characterization and parametric assessment study of a single large building
located in Bartow, Florida with the purpose of assessing the impact on radon entry of
design, construction, and operating features of the building, particularly, the mechanical
subsystems.
As part of the study, the response of the structure to a range of HVAC operating
conditions was continuously monitored with the purpose of determining the optimum
HVAC conditions to reduce indoor radon within the envelope of acceptable operation as
regards to energy, comfort and indoor air quality impacts on the structure.
iv
-------
CONTENTS
Abstract Sv
Tables Vi
Figures vii
Acknowledgements i x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Conclusions and Recommendations 2
Chapter 3 Description of Building 4
Chapter 4 Experimental Plan 7
Characterization of HVAC System Operation 8
Continuous Data Monitoring Systems 9
Experimental Schedule 16
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion 19
Characterization of HVAC System 19
Radon 24
Tracer Gas Results 32
Other IAQDS Measurements 38
Chapter 6 Quality Assurance 48
Data Quality Objectives and Achievements 48
Data Quality Indicators 48
Data Reviews 52
Identification of Corrective Actions 52
References 54
Appendix A. IAQDS Data Station Locations and Configurations 55
Appendix B. Average Continuous Radon Levels Measured with the
IAQDS Units 69
Appendix C. Average Continuous Temperatures Measured with the
IAQDS Units 88
Appendix D. Average Continuous Relative Humidities Measured with the IAQDS
Units 104
Appendix E. Average Continuous C02 Levels Measured with the IAQDS Units 119
V
-------
Tables
1 Summary of HVAC/AHU Operations in Polk County Administration
Building, Bartow, Florida 20
2 Average Radon Levels in the Polk County Administration Building, Bartow,
Florida 27
3 Interzone Tracer Gas Test Results 36
4 Summary of Interzone Tracer Gas Test Responses 36
5 Average Temperatures in the Polk County Administration Building,
Bartow, Florida 39
6 Average Relative Humidities in the Polk County Administration Building,
Bartow, Florida 41
7 Average Maximum C02 Levels in the Polk County Administration Building,
Bartow, Florida 44
8 Results of the Bias Determinations for the CRMs 50
9 Calibration Results for the Grab Cells From 1994 and 1995 51
vi
-------
Figures
1. Locations of the first floor HVAC systems and the zones served by these
units 6
2. Locations of the first floor IAQDS units and the external radon monitors .... 12
3. Schematic of tracer gas tubing layout in the Polk County Administration
Building 14
4 Pressures with respect to atrium of first floor rooms in Polk County
Administration Building 22
5. Pressure differences across slab of first floor rooms in Polk County
Administration Building 23
6. Average radon concentrations in Polk County Administration Building
for three outdoor air changer settings 25
7. Average radon concentrations in Polk County Administration Building
for three configurations of outdoor air fans 26
8. Average radon levels on the first floor and the entire building under
various operating conditions at the Polk County Administration Building 28
9. Comparison of radon levels outside the building and under the slab with
the average of all first floor monitors at the Polk County Administration
Building 30
vii
-------
Figures (Continued)
10. Comparison of first floor average radon levels with the levels measured in
the maintenance pit of the elevator shaft at the Polk County
Administration Building 31
11. Whole building air change rates measured by NIST using SF6 tracer gas
in the Polk County Administration Building 33
12. Sample tracer gas decay tests conducted by NIST on 6/1/94 in the Polk
County Administration Building 34
13. Plot of an interzone tracer gas injection test conducted at the Polk County
Administration Building 37
14. Average temperatures on the first floor and for the entire building under
various operating conditions at the Polk County Administration Building 40
15. Average moisture levels (RH) on the first floor and the entire building
under various operating conditions at the Polk County Administration
Building 42
16. Maximum or peak weekday C02 levels measured at the IAQDS locations
in the Polk County Administration Building 43
17. Averaged weekday peak C02 levels for the first floor and for the entire
building under various operating conditions at the Polk County
Administration Building 46
viii
-------
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express appreciation to the Polk County administrators and
their staff who allowed us to use their building to carry out this research project. Thanks
also go to the occupants of the Administration Building for their patience during the
testing. Construction, installation, and calibration of the EPA Indoor Air Quality Data
Stations were performed by Richard Snoddy and coworkers of Acurex, Inc. Stuart Dols
and Andrew Persily of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
conducted the tracer gas study and provided results prior to publication for use in this
report. Likewise, James B. Cummings of the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC)
provided many helpful discussions as well as prepublication results of their HVAC
characterization study for inclusion. Finally, the assistance and guidance of EPA
Project Officers Marc Y. Menetrez and David C. Sanchez were indispensable to the
success of the study.
ix
-------
Chapter 1
Introduction
This document describes a research study undertaken in support of the Florida
Standard for Radon Resistant Construction in Large Footprint Structures, (currently
under development by the Florida Department of Community Affairs). The project
entailed an extensive characterization and parametric assessment study of a single
large building, the Polk County Administration building located in Bartow, Florida. The
purpose of the study was to assess the impact on radon entry of design, construction,
and operating features of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system.
As part of the study, the response of the structure to a range of HVAC operating
conditions was continuously monitored with the purpose of determining the optimum
HVAC conditions to reduce indoor radon within the envelope of acceptable operation as
regards to energy, comfort and indoor air quality impacts on the structure.
Specific objectives of the study included: determining the effect of HVAC operating
cycles, (including Outdoor Air level and exhaust ventilation) on Radon-relevant
parameters of the structures; assessing the effect of ground floor pressure imbalance
on radon entry; monitoring the transport of air (and radon) between zones and floors;
evaluating the effect of a larger extent slab on the driving pressures which promote
radon entry; and assessing the effect of building features/faults on radon entry. The
building was selected for this study as best representing the research criteria
determined in a workshop review process by the Florida Radon Research Program
(FRRP). These criteria represent specific information needs identified by the FRRP as
important to the development of a definable construction standard for this class of
structure. The building had elevated levels of radon gas, a large footprint (40,000 ft2
first floor), multiple floors, floors with multiple zones being served by 13 airhandling
units.
This report describes the building, study methodology, results, and lessons learned as a
result of the project, which provided needed insight into the interaction of indoor radon
and HVAC operation in a large building in the semitropical Florida climate zone. The
study also resulted in methods to reduce the indoor radon concentrations in the building
below the U. S. EPA action level of 4.0 pCi/L, while maintaining satisfactory and
comfortable operation of the building.
1
-------
Chapter 2
Conclusions and Recommendations
Results of the study provided solutions for both indoor radon and HVAC deficiencies at
the building. Radon concentrations in the "as found" condition averaged approximately
8.1 pCi/L on first floor, 3.1 pCi/L on upper floors, yielding 4.1 pCi/L for the building as a
whole. Based on inspection of the HVAC system and continuous monitoring, several
deficiencies were noted which would be expected to adversely affect either radon
levels, other indoor air quality factors, (such as elevated levels of C02) or energy
consumption. Specifically, observations of the air handler operation indicate that the
supply air flowrates were below design values (typically less than half of maximum
flowrate), even at peak cooling demand times. Further, outdoor air flowrates were far
below design values on the lower four floors. This is partly due to the outdoor air
ductwork, which is undersized, and partly due to the low static pressure induced by the
air handlers at the low supply volume used. The building was also found to have
excessive pressure imbalance between zones, especially on the first floor. This
imbalance caused air to flow between building zones and floors across fire rated walls.
The average indoor radon concentrations were not significantly changed by the
changes in the Outdoor Air (OA) damper positions in Operating Cycles 1-3. Other
measures of ventilation, including tracer gas air exchange measurements and peak
C02 concentrations, were also unaffected. Apparently, the incremental changes in the
low outdoor air flowrate were too small to cause any significant change to building
ventilation. During periods of operation of the inline blowers in the OA duct, the indoor
radon was reduced by an average of 18% with two fans operational (700 cfm added
OA) and 40% with all three fans (1939 cfm) operational.
Due to the extent of constriction required we were unsuccessful in attempts to discover
or seal areas on the first floor which might serve as paths for radon entry. One possible
source, the main elevator shaft, did not prove to be a major factor in radon entry.
Further, sealing of direct openings to the soil did not significantly reduce indoor radon.
This experience is consistent with the spotty success record of sealing in other
buildings. However, the significant depressurization of all three ground floor mechanical
rooms, accompanied by infiltration into the air distribution systems and the excess
radon concentrations in these rooms, indicate that they may be a major source of radon
entry.
The experiments in this study demonstrate that when outdoor air was increased into the
first floor HVAC system indoor radon concentrations reduced in the building,
particularly on the first floor where the concentrations were highest. Our temporary fan
installation produced significant reductions with flowrates of under 2000 cfm. We
project that if first floor flowrates of 3000 cfm (nearer the design value of 3300 cfm)
were used, adequate ventilation would be provided for the first floor auditorium and
2
-------
office space average radon concentrations would be completely below 4 pCi/L in the
entire first floor and even lower in the remainder of the building. Added benefits of this
level of outside air would be improved air quality throughout the building (as indicated
by reduced peak C02 levels), and reduction or reversal of the overall building
depressurization. Both design ratings and our observations indicate that the first floor
air handling units have the capacity to handle the greater latent heat load.
Specifically, we recommend the following actions:
• Install induced air fans on the outdoor air intake lines of Air Handler Units
1-3 with capacity to deliver, respectively, the design values of 1500, 750,
and 1050 cfm outdoor air flowrate in operation. Seal ductwork between
fans and outdoor air intakes to insure against infiltration of indoor air.
Configure each fan to operate continuously whenever the air handler is
operating.
• Remove first floor air handler from current night setback cycle. We feel
that the benefits of the added "Baseline" ventilation will justify round-the-
clock operation of these units. This recommendation could be ignored if
the OA fans operate only when the air handler is on, but the "occupancy"
status on the control system should remain on ("occupied") even at night or
weekends.
• Seal return ductwork in each mechanical room between air handler plenum
and mechanical rooom fire walls to reduce or eliminate mechanical room
depressurization and infiltration.
Certain other actions would seem beneficial to us in terms of overall comfort, energy, or
indoor air quality. These actions include reducing the potential for first floor pressure
imbalance, increasing supply air circulation rates, and increasing air handle duty cycles.
However, we did not demonstrate a clear potential for reduction in radon from any of
these actions. They were, therefore, omitted from our recommendations and left as
suggestions to be considered if warranted by other considerations of the county.
3
-------
Chapter 3
Description of Building
The Polk County Administration building located in Bartow, Florida, is a publicly owned
building constructed in 1988. The site is located on what is likely reclaimed land from
phosphate mining in years past. The building has 149,000 square feet of floor space
distributed over five stories with an atrium that extends from the ground floor up to a
glass skylight at roof level. Each of the first four floors open into a balcony around the
atrium. The hallways and offices on each of these levels are isolated from the atrium
by normally closed doorways. On the fifth floor, the atrium opening is enclosed
completely and isolated from the occupied area. The building has a permanent
occupancy of roughly 300 county employees and elected officials.
The foundation of the building is generally slab-on-grade with supporting pilings (or
grade beams in some locations) under the slab. The slab thickness is nominally
6 inches thick with pilings that penetrate the sub-surface soil to an undetermined depth.
The superstructure is supported by reinforced concrete columns resting on the driven
pile foundations placed on a 30 ft by 30 ft grid over the slab profile. The ground floor
slab is cast in place with isolation joints around the column penetrations. Control joints
are set along column lines and midway between column lines, leaving a 15 ft by 15 ft
spacing. Upper floors are cast in place concrete slabs over a precast structural
concrete joist and beam system. Spacing between ground and second floors is 18 ft,
that between the next 3 floors is 14 ft each, and the fifth floor to roof truss distance is
11.5 ft. Exterior building finish is a combination of aluminum curtain walls, glazing, and
masonry. The building windows are operable, and while most windows were sealed, a
few were capable of being opened and may possibly have been opened during the
study period.
The building uses a Variable Air Volume (VAV) HVAC system with chilled water cooling
and electrical resistance heating both in the 11 Air Handling Units (AHU) and the VAV
boxes serving the exterior rooms. The two 150 ton centrifugal chiller units, located in
an adjacent mechanical equipment building, operate in a lead-lag configuration. The
Air Handler Units (AHU) are numbered numerically starting with the first floor in the
North-West (NW) quadrant of the building and progressing counter-clockwise through
the upper floors. There are two each on all floors except the first which has three units.
The conditioned zones on the second through the fourth floors are similar in that the
HVAC supply ductwork branches are divided into interior and exterior zones. One AHU
supplies conditioning to the internal zone and the other supplies air to the exterior zone.
On these floors both sets of ductwork liberally cross the fire-rated walls which generally
border the main corridors. Therefore, the occupied portions of these floors and the
open fifth floor are assumed to behave as well mixed zones surrounding and somewhat
isolated from the central atrium area. The locations of the three air handlers and the
areas of the first floor served by each are shown in Figure 1. Two of the units (AHU2
4
-------
and AHU3) supply conditioning to the south and north office areas, respectively, of the
building while the third system (AHU1) supplies conditioned air mainly to the Board
Room and the Central Foyer. The fire-rated walls on this floor also lie along the corridor
boundaries and show better correspondence to the HVAC ducting. However,
considerable crossover mixing between zones in this floor is expected as well in view of
the fact that each of the five zones shown in Figure 1 has return air windows into the
plenum above the lobby/corridor area supplied from which AHU1 and 2 draw directly
and which feeds return air into the plenum above the NE zone containing AHU3.
Further mixing is provided by a distant branch from AHU2 which supplies a portion of
the NE zone.
The 11 AHUs are controlled by a central Johnson Controller 8550 processing unit via
local digital signal controller (DSC) units in each mechanical room. Control circuitry is
included for chiller and chilled water system operation, HVAC fan and vane damper,
smoke dampers, chilled water flowrate and reheat operation, and VAV settings
including dampers, fans and heating strips. The zone temperature set points are
controlled by the system rather than occupants. While the system is capable of several
program operation cycles, it is typically operated in a programmed manual operation
cycle, supplemented by manual overrides as required by building scheduled occupancy
patterns. Since the pattern of setback and operation modes affects the data described
in this report, each operating mode is described below in some detail. These three
modes, designated as A, B and C, are described as follows:
Mode A: Normal occupancy mode: Weekdays from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.; weekends
from 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. All air handlers on; VAV supply dampers
operating normally, temperature controlled by setpoints to sensors in
rooms.
Mode B: Normal setback mode: Weekdays from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m.; weekends
from midnight to 6 a.m. In this mode only one air handler is operating
per floor, alternating between the two air handlers on each floor every
30 min; occupancy status flag is off, resulting in air handler vane
dampers set to minimum condition and 7 degree setback of cooling
zone setpoints.
Mode C: Weekend day setback: Weekends from 2 p.m. from midnight. One air
handler operating per floor, alternating between the two air handlers
on each floor every 30 min; occupancy status flag on, resulting in
normal (demand-controlled) position of vane dampers and normal
setpoints.
5
-------
FIRST FLOOR
AHU2
W>
V'AWW/JM .'%,^1'ff
»v mtfm ¦$*%&*
•*" ¦»•'*./' '*//<.\.//.i* 'SX. '¦+
?j: '
N
POLK COUNTY ADMINISTRATION RUILDING
t- » M
Figure 1. Locations of the first floor HVAC systems and the zones served by these
units
-------
Chapter 4
Experimental Plan
In the context of FRRP program needs, the overall goal of the present study was to
define as much as possible in an operating building the potential impact of elements
under consideration in a large building radon-resistant construction standard. Since
structural elements (such as foundation radon barriers) and active soil depressurization
systems were already being studied in new buildings, the primary focus of study in the
Administration Building Study was the effects of HVAC system design and operation.
Specific objectives of the study are listed in the following paragraphs.
1. To determine the effect of HVAC operating conditions on radon-relevant
parameters of the structures. These parameters included building pressure,
ventilation rate, radon concentration, and radon entry rate (assuming a well-
mixed building). The results were to be determined by a parametric study in
which ventilation air and other HVAC operation settings were systematically
varied.
2. To assess the effect of around floor pressure balance or imbalance on radon
entry. In other buildings, HVAC flow imbalances have been found to cause
considerable pressure imbalances. The effect of inducing (or reducing) such
pressure imbalances was to be investigated. If pressures on the ground
floor were found to be balanced, it was planned to temporarily block fire
dampers to partially isolate the return of 2 distant zones on first floor. An
imbalance of ~5 Pa difference between near and far zones was targeted,
and the ventilation rates, radon concentration and entry in the depressurized
zones were to be examined.
3. To monitor the transport of air (and radon) between zones and floors. The
NIST system primarily was set to measure whole building air change rates
and the variations in rates under HVAC operating changes. In addition,
some tracer experiments were planned to determine qualitative air mixing
patterns between floors or between isolated zones on the first floor.
4. To evaluate the effect of a larger extent slab on the driving pressures which
promote radon entry. In other FRRP studies, pressure differentials across
the building slab have been found to track fluctuations in barometric
pressure. Since entry of radon should follow these pressure differentials, the
subslab pressure variations at this building were monitored with position and
HVAC status. (It was anticipated that two superimposed effects would be
observed, one dependent on position and the time derivative of the
7
-------
barometric pressure and the other dependent on the HVAC cycle and
possibly outside temperature.)
5. To assess the effect of building features/faults on radon entry. Some of the
features thought to serve as enhanced entry points included elevators,
stairwells, ground floor mechanical rooms, and visible penetrations. Several
experiments were planned in which these areas were monitored for excess
radon concentrations which would suggest enhanced radon entry.
6. To leave the building in an optimum operational configuration for minimum
indoor radon. In respect for the needs for the Polk County Administrators
and employees, after the parametric study had determined the appropriate
level of ventilation air for reducing the radon in the structure, the building
would be tested in that configuration, left in the optimum operating status,
and the county would be given recommendations for future operation.
In order to meet these objectives, an experimental plan was developed that involved
initial characterization of the building and its HVAC system, installation of data
acquisition instrument packages, and monitoring building response during systematic
variation of the HVAC system. Each of these elements will be described below,
followed by a schedule of events in the study.
Characterization of HVAC System Operation
In order to assure a known state for the AHVs of the building HVAC system, thorough
characterization of the HVAC was performed at the building. Before any
measurements a team from Southern Research, EPA, and other research team
members conducted a survey and inspection of the HVAC system. Several deficiencies
in the HVAC installation and operation were noted and reported to the County Facilities
Management staff. The most important of these included significant supply duct
leakage in the attic areas above the 5th floor and total lack of ventilation (outdoor) air
into both second floor air handlers due to obstruction of O/A intakes by building framing
after installation. The county completed repair of these conditions before the
experimental phase.
Measurements Conducted by TAB
A certified TAB company (Bay To Bay Balancing, Inc., Tampa, FL) had performed the
initial test and balance of the HVAC systems in the building in December 1990.
Additional measurements were conducted on the fifth floor in August 1992 following
completion of this area of the building. As part of the present study, Bay-to-Bay was
contracted to verify and spot check data from earlier balance reports of the system.
These measurements included:
Monitoring of total flow and trunk line supply flowrates from all air handlers at
full open VAV conditions.
8
-------
Measurement of supply and outdoor air flowrate at each air handler at four
demand flow conditions (nominally 60, 70, 85, and 100% of capacity) and at
four positions of all operable outdoor air dampers (full open, closed, and
nominally 50% and 75%).
Measurement of exhaust fan flowrates.
All measurements were carried out using standard TAB techniques: for major duct
flowrate measurements, pitot traverses were performed; for measurements at exhaust
grills, a flow hood was used.
Characterization Measurements by FSEC
During two weekend periods during the study, a team from the Florida Solar Energy
Center conducted several further tests of HVAC system operation and effects. These
included: modified blower door testing of the airtightness of the total building, the lower
four floors and the five first floor zones; confirmation measurements of supply flowrates
on the first floor zones, and of exhaust and outdoor ventilation air flowrates on all floors;
survey measurements of pressure differentials between first floor zones, upper floors,
mechanical rooms, and other selected building areas for full and reduced VAV demand
conditions. In addition to pitot traverses and flow hood measurements, FSEC used
tracer dilution and modified blower door techniques to measure flow rates.
Continuous Data Monitoring Systems
Large buildings, being complex in character, raise imposing demands on data needs.
Project demands to measure many data parameters over time made it necessary to
either utilize numerous individual monitoring sensors or develop a new data collection
station system. Individual sensor units would put large demands on field personnel in
time and individuals needed to collect data, and would have created quality control
concerns. A centralized data collection system was needed to reduce technical support
time and streamline data collection. For continuous measurements 13 Indoor Air
Quality Data Stations (IAQDS) were used, with internal and remote input sensors. Each
of the IAQDS stored information via an internal microprocessor and transmitted this
information by modem to a PC compatible computer. In addition to the IAQDS, weather
station measurements were performed using a data logging system assembled by
Southern Research, several other radon measurements were recorded using individual
continuous radon monitors, and continuous tracer gas measurements were made using
a system provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The
major systems are described below.
Description of IAQDS Locations and Parameters Measured
The EPA Indoor Air Quality Data Station is based on the Blue Earth Research
Micro-440 micro controller system. This device is designed for compact, low power (or
battery-operated) applications, and contains the core hardware and software in the
main unit. The only additional required hardware units are the 4-input 12 bit AJD
converter and a power supply. A 12-volt rechargeable battery pack is included in the
power supply to provide for continued operation during short power failures. The
9
-------
built-in memory is large enough to save 20 days of data. If a longer period between
downloading of data is desired, an additional memory module may be added to the
system to give an extra 28 days of data storage. The devices are installed in a metal
cage to give mechanical protection.
The microcomputer controlling the Blue Earth system uses the one-second clock
interrupt to pace data acquisition. It counts to seven seconds and then reads each A/D
converter and samples the input switch lines. The readings are added to averaging
buffers which hold the intermediate values. After 256 loops the contents of the buffer
are averaged and converted to one or two bytes of data. The 12 bit A/D converter
values result in two bytes of data each, the 8 bit A/D converters and the switch registers
produce one byte of data each, and the counter registers which are read at this time
produce two bytes each. The elapsed time for the loop is 1792 seconds (7 X 256), so
an added delay of 8 seconds before beginning the next loop produces sampling periods
of 30 minutes (1800 seconds). The real time clock is read at this time and the month,
day, hour, and minute values are used to form the header for the data block, which is
stored in the battery-backed RAM which is available in the system. The four date/time
numbers and the 20 data value numbers are stored as a block in the next available
space in memory.
Each instrumentation node serves as a standalone system, requiring only electrical
power to operate. The system contains rechargeable batteries which will provide about
8 hours of operation with the external power off. This will permit data acquisition to
continue during short power outages. If the power is off for a longer interval, data
acquisition will stop but the data taken up to that point will be saved in internal
battery-backed RAM. When power is reapplied, the system will reset and start taking
data from that time. The system will operate automatically without any operator
intervention. For system control and data downloading, a computer configured as a
terminal is connected to the RS-232 connector. The terminal operates at 2400 baud.
Any one of the data channels can be checked for operation or calibrated via the RS-232
input. The channel number and the number of repetitions of the test are entered, and
then that channel is exercised and the results printed out, with a delay between each
repetition of the test.
Several input channels are dedicated to the internal instruments on the data station,
including a continuous radon monitor (FemtoTech Model R210F), a carbon dioxide
monitor, two differential pressure transducers (Modus, typically -25 to +25 Pa full-scale),
temperature and relative humidity transducers. Additional pulse counting, A/D, and
switch monitoring channels are available for other instruments if required.
As used at the Polk County Administration Building, the IAQDS measurements included
indoor radon concentrations, two to four differential pressures, room temperature,
relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentrations in each of the 13 zones. In
addition, percentage operation cycle time for selected air handlers, exhaust fans, and
10
-------
elevators were obtained via switches; duct air temperature and relative humidity in
selected air handlers were monitored (for another project); and a particle counter in a
single first floor zone provided indicative measurements of indoor particulate levels.
The 13 IAQDS were distributed two per floor on the top four floors, with five stations
distributed in several zones on the first floor. The locations of the IAQDS stations on
the first floor are shown in Figure 2. Also shown in Figure 2 are the locations of
additional radon monitors located externally to the data stations but whose outputs was
logged and recorded by the data stations. A total of 10 monitors were located on the
first floor to continually record the radon levels with adequate spatial resolution.
Tracer Gas System
The tracer gas testing of the Polk County Administration Building was conducted by
personnel from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
Gaithersburg, MD. These tests consisted of automated measurements of whole
building air change rates using the tracer gas decay technique and qualitative
evaluations of interzone airflow patterns. This section of the report describes the tracer
gas instrumentation, installation in the building and measurement procedures.
The tracer gas testing of the building employed an automated monitoring system with
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer gas. The system was installed in a room on the
fourth floor of the building and consists of an SF6 monitor, an air sampling system, a
tracer gas injection system, and a microcomputer-based data acquisition and control
system. The SF6 monitor consists of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an
electron capture detector. The electron capture detector can determine SF6
concentrations over a range of about 5 to 300 parts per billion (ppb) with an accuracy of
roughly 5%. The tracer gas monitor contains a ten-port sample valve and can monitor
up to ten sample locations, with the concentration determined at each location once
every 10 minutes. There are ten air sampling pumps, one for each sampling port of the
SF6 monitoring system, that draw air from the sampling locations to the monitor. These
air sampling pumps run continuously at an airflow rate of about 0.028 m3/s (35 scfh) to
provide a current air sample to the tracer gas monitor.
The tracer gas injection system consists of a cylinder of sulfur hexafluoride, a tracer gas
distribution system, and a tracer gas injection panel. The distribution system consists of
3.2 mm (1/8 in.) outside diameter nylon tubing running from the injection panel to the
tracer gas injection locations. The tracer gas injection panel consists of solenoid
valves, relays and timers that enable computer control of the tracer gas injection. The
tracer gas cylinder is connected to the normally-closed inlets of five electronically
actuated solenoid valves, one for each of the building floors. The outlets of the valves
serving the five floors are split off to two flow meters for floors 2 through 5 and three
flow meters for the first floor. A 3.2 mm (1/8 in) diameter nylon tube runs from the
outlet of each flow meter to the supply air duct in each of the eleven building
11
-------
FIRST FLOOR
I
IIM L IS1
comnon »«3
-
1 j
»«A 1
IMA
1
I
IMA ' i
•
1 tMA
COflHVMH IK
l«M I IN
a
*si7|
'1L-
u~r
-T p.7
no:
Fvl »I«W [»* |
»ts I m
T.
P' N '
1>
" j J8I W ,
win im ,i tt« | I—
L __l fl_ I
im
im
Vtl
® 1AOOS Locations
POLK COUNTY ADMINISTRATION niJILDING 10 Additional Radon Monitors
Figure 2.
Locations of Hie first floor IAQDS units and the external radon monitors.
-------
air handlers. In order to avoid injecting tracer gas into an air handler that is not
operating, differential pressure transducers were installed in the supply air duct of each
air handling system. These transducers provide a contact closure when a pressure
differential of at least 38 Pa (0.15 inches of water) exists between the high and low
pressure ports of the instrument. The low pressure side of the transducer is in the
mechanical room, and the high pressure side is connected to a tube located inside the
supply duct. Therefore, if an air handler is operating, a pressure differential will exist
across the transducer producing a switch closure. Two-conductor wires from the fan
status switches are wired to the injection panel so that at least one fan per floor is
required to be running in order for SF6 to be injected into the air handlers on that floor.
The microcomputer-based data acquisition and control system controls the air
sampling, the timing of the injection of the tracer gas and the volume of the tracer gas
injected. Tracer gas is injected into the supply air ducts of the building every twelve
hours. The tracer gas concentrations at each of the ten sample locations are measured
every ten minutes until the start of the next injection period. Tracer gas concentrations,
the outdoor air temperature, and the number of seconds per hour that each fan was
operating are all stored on a floppy disk. The system can operate unattended for up to
one month.
As described earlier, the tracer gas system injects SF6 into the building air handlers and
samples the tracer gas concentration in the returns and outdoor air. Figure 3 is a
schematic of the injection and sample tubing installation in the building. This schematic
shows a pair of injection and sample tubes running to each mechanical room. The
injection tube releases SF6 into the supply duct of each air handler, and the sample
tube is installed in the return air duct in each mechanical room. The two outdoor air
sample lines on the fourth floor are also shown in the schematic.
Ten sample locations were connected to the SF6 monitor, as follows:
1. Outdoor air, 4th floor west
2. Outdoor air, 4th floor east
3. 5th Floor return, blended air sample from air handlers 501 and 511
4. 4th Floor return, blended air sample from air handlers 454 and 414
5. 3rd Floor return, blended air sample from air handlers 364 and 316
6. 2nd Floor return, blended air sample from air handlers 211A and 238
7. Return from air handler 123
8. Return from air handler 138
9. Return from air handler 187
10. Room containing SF6 monitor for diagnostics
The tracer gas system injected SF6 to five ports, one for each floor, as follows:
1. 5th Floor, teed to air handlers 501 and 511
2. 4th Floor, teed to air handlers 454 and 414
3. 3rd Floor, teed to air handlers 364 and 316
13
-------
5th Floor
MR
501
MR
511
4 th Floor
3rd Floor
MR
454
MR
364
2nd Fbar
MR
211A
1st Floor
MR
414
Tracer injection nd air lines
Oitdoor Mi&pliag lis*
Figure 3. Schematic of tracer gas tubing layout in the Polk County Administration
Building.
14
-------
4. 2nd Floor, teed to air handlers 211A and 238
5. 1st Floor, teed to air handlers 123, 138 and 187.
Whole building air change rates were measured in the building using the tracer gas
decay technique (ASTM 1993) during the period 5/9/94 through about 6/30/94.
Unfortunately, the tracer gas system malfunctioned during the period when the OA fans
were installed and operating and none of the data during this time period is of value.
However for the periods in which the data quality was acceptable the following
experimental strategy was used. Tracer gas was injected into the supply air ducts of
the building air handlers every twelve hours and allowed to mix for about thirty minutes
with the interior air. The decay technique requires that the tracer gas concentration be
uniform throughout the building during the decay. When making these measurements,
the uniformity of the tracer gas concentration depends on the tracer gas injection flow
rates to the various building zones, the distribution of outdoor air ventilation within the
building, and the air mixing patterns in the building. While the tracer gas injection flow
rates can be controlled, the other factors affecting the uniformity of the indoor tracer gas
concentration are a function of the ventilation system configuration and operation and
other airflow characteristics of the building. The ability to achieve a sufficiently uniform
tracer gas concentration will therefore vary from building to building. As will be
discussed in the next chapter, it was difficult to achieve a uniform concentration in this
building, and this increases the uncertainty of the measurement results. For conditions
of good concentration uniformity, variations on the order of 10%, the whole building air
change rates measured with the tracer gas decay technique have an uncertainty of
about 10%. The measurements in this building, with much higher variations in
concentration, have an uncertainty of about 25%.
During the tracer gas decays, the SF6 concentrations at each of the ten sample
locations were measured every ten minutes. The tracer gas decay rate in each zone
was then determined from these concentrations by performing a linear regression of the
logarithm of the tracer gas concentration versus time. Due to the very low air change
rates in this building, on the order to 0.1 to 0.2 air changes per hour, the regressions
were performed over 6 or 12 hour periods to increase the reliability of the results.
Estimates of the whole building air change rate were then determined by averaging the
decay rates determined for each of the returns. Only those decay rates with an
uncertainty of 25% or less, based on the regression analysis, were included in the
average. The average itself was weighted by the volumes of the various zones.
In addition to whole building air exchange rates, interzone airflow patterns were
evaluated qualitatively by injecting tracer gas into an individual building zone and
monitoring the concentration response in the building. While the results of these tests
do not provide interzone airflow rates, they do provide an indication of the zones to
which air flows from the injection zone. The results of these tests are presented in
terms of the injection time and the maximum tracer gas concentration in the injection
zone, along with the maximum concentration in the other building zones and the time of
15
-------
that maximum. The delay between the injection and the magnitude of the concentration
response in the other zones indicates the relative degree of the airflow communication
between the injection zone and the various building zones. All of the interzone airflow
tests presented involved the release of tracer gas on the first floor of the building.
Experimental Schedule
Since it seemed clear from the beginning that the building as found had inadequate
ventilation air, the primary condition varied was the position of the outdoor air intake
dampers on the HVAC air handlers. The initial plan included one week each at "as-
found", maximum, and minimum reversible damper settings, then a final week at an
optimum position. (As will be seen, this plan was modified when it was discovered that
the range of adjustment by the dampers was inadequate.) The plan also included
adjustments to vary the pressure imbalance across first floor zones, but this portion of
the plan was also deemphasized in practice in order to concentrate on the ventilation
effects. Finally, after the mechanical systems were optimized, the effect of sealing the
few observed openings in the slab were to be determined.
The actual building study schedule is summarized as follows:
Building Selection and Plan Development (1/15/94 - 3/25/94)--
The building was located, survey radon measurements were taken which indicated
elevated radon (in the 4-15 pCi/l range). A draft study proposal was presented to the
building owners (Polk County) and approval was obtained. Plans to the building were
obtained and used to guide selection of measurements. Walk-through visits were
conducted to confirm locations of the IAQDS continuous samplers, phone and electrical
availability, and to obtain a survey of pressure difference between zones of the
structure. Monitoring equipment was obtained from EPA, (AEERL, RTP, NC) calibrated
and prepared for installation.
Installation of Continuous Monitoring Systems (4/6/94 - 4/15/94)-
A team from Southern Research, EPA, and Acurex installed 13 IAQDS as described in
Appendix A. Most sensors, and the associated interconnecting wires and tubes, were
placed in appropriate locations. A weather station was mounted on the fifth floor and
monitored with a Campbell 21X data logger. Building features were inspected and
modifications made to some measurement locations in response to on-site conditions.
Characterization of HVAC System (4/14/94 - 4/29/94)-
In addition to design survey and survey pressure measurements performed earlier, the
certified TAB company (Bay-to-Bay) was contracted to verify and spot check data from
earlier balance reports of the system. This work (planned the week of 4/11/94) was
delayed by repairs to the ducting described above and by an outage of the central
control computer system. HVAC operation was conducted on April 13, 25-28.
16
-------
Installation of automated tracer gas system (4/5/94 - 5/4/94)-
Staff from the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) installed the
tracer gas injection and sampling lines during the week of 4/11/94. During the period
5/2/94 - 5/5/94, a computerized sample injection and g.c. detector system was installed,
checked, and left in continuous operation. The system operated in a tracer decay
mode using SF6. The injection cycle was initially set at 4 injections per day; after
observing the slow decay rates, NIST changed the cycle to 2 injections per day.
Operating Cycle 1 (OC1): Baseline (5/2/94 - 5/8/94)--
With all systems operational, a week of data in the "as found" condition (after the
repairs noted above) were obtained.
Operating Cycle 2 (OC2): Maximum Outdoor Air (5/9/94 - 5/15/94)—
All operable outdoor air dampers were set to their full open position, and a week of data
were obtained, downloaded, and analyzed. During this period, the data were surveyed
frequently for indications of cooling system incapacity to meet the added latent heat
load (inability to maintain set points, or excessive relative humidity in air zones). No
such problems were observed.
Operating cycle 3 (OC3): Minimum outdoor air (5/16/94 - 5/22/94)-
Operable outdoor air dampers were set to a condition of low outdoor air consistent with
occupant comfort and IAQ status. The target OA level were at most 50% of the
baseline outdoor air flowrates. During the weekend of 5/21/95 - 5/22/94, the outdoor air
supply was further reduced, to a level corresponding to less than 5 cfm/person at full
building occupancy. During this period, the data were surveyed daily to determine if the
outdoor supply needed to be increased. This need was to be determined by any of the
following signs: C02 levels above twice the baseline level or 1500 ppm; reported
occupant discomfort; any other indication of compromised indoor air quality. Again, no
such problems were observed.
Extended operation in baseline condition (5/23/94 - 7/19/94)—
As a result of the measurements obtained during the previous cycles, it became
apparent that modifications of the HVAC operating parameters had little or no effect
upon the radon levels. It was concluded that too little induced outdoor air was coming
into the building to significantly affect ventilation in comparison to the gains and losses
through the building shell induced by depressurization and pressure imbalance. In
consultation with the building owners, a temporary system of three inline fans was
installed in the AHUs on the first floor to determine if forced outdoor air ventilation was
feasible to increase the air exchange rate and decrease the radon entry on the first
floor. During the intervening period, all units were returned to the baseline conditions.
Operation with outdoor air fans (7/19/94 - 8/2/94)-
On 7/19/94 three inline blowers were installed in the first floor air handlers. These fans
were installed in the OA duct with flexible ducting, and were undersized for the
application as the flowrate of all three systems was reduced by the restricted size and
17
-------
torturous path of the temporary ductwork used. The prompt failure of the fan on AHU3
allowed three fan conditions to be studied, as a replacement fan of larger capacity was
installed on 7/25/94. Measured flowrates for the OA fans on AHU1 through 3 were
533,172, and 1,234 cfm, respectively, for a total of 1,939 cfm in the final "3 OA fan"
period (after 7/25/95), and 705 cfm in the "2 OA fan" period (7/22-7/25). We estimate a
total flowrate of about 1000 cfm during the initial "3 OA fan" period.
Sealed penetrations to soil (8/1/94 - 8/5/94)-
In initial walk-throughs, several locations were discovered with significant pathways (i.e.
several holes greater than 1 in2 area) to soil. Some of these penetrations are in
mechanical rooms or similarly vulnerable locations. At the beginning of this week,
major penetrations were sealed with a suitable polymeric compound or expanding
foam. Monitoring was carried out under HVAC configuration used in week 1.
On August 6, experiments were terminated and most of the equipment was removed
from the building. To monitor radon concentrations in the building, four data stations
were left until November 2, 1994.
Other events which occurred during the study period which may have had an impact on
the data are noted below:
May 29-31: A team from FSEC and Southern Research performed HVAC
characterization tests, including blower door testing of whole building (5/29-30),
operation at VAV max, and opening and closing of fire damper sleeves.
July 10-11: A team from FSEC and Southern Research performed HVAC
characterization tests, including further operation at VAV max, and opening and
closing of fire damper sleeves.
July 20: The chiller water supply temperature was changed so that the discharge
air temperature rose from 50°F to 57oF. This condition was reversed on
August 2, at least for the lower three floors. Unfortunately, this change occurred
within a day of installation of the outdoor air fans.
18
-------
Chapter 5
Results and Discussion
Characterization of HVAC System
The characterization testing conducted by the TAB contractor (Bay to Bay) and by
FSEC provides information relevant to system flowrates, and building pressure
balancing.
HVAC System Flowrates
At the beginning of the study period, the certified test and balance (TAB) contractor
measured actual flow distribution in the mechanical subsystems. These
measurements, which were partly replicated by FSEC, are included in Table 1.
Generally, the measurements of the TAB and FSEC are comparable, but some
exceptions deserve mention. First, the supply air flowrates on the first floor were taken
using flow hoods at the supply outlet grills in order to partition AHU supply flowrate into
the zones into which the flow is actually delivered. With the exception of AHU1, the
agreement is well within experimental uncertainty. Second, the listed OA flowrates
measured by FSEC at the OA intake grill are typically lower than measured by the TAB
(or FSEC) using pitot traverses within the ductwork. FSEC attributes the difference to
inleakage of building air between the intake grill and the traverse plane. This
hypothesis is supported by measurements in the ducts of AHU2, in which the
temperature and relative humidity of the air in the duct matched those of building air
better than outdoor air, indicating considerable inleakage of building air. Unfortunately,
this implies that the "outdoor air" flowrates in Table 1, already below design values, are
actually overstated by inclusion of recirculated indoor air. Similar evidence of duct
leakage effects is seen in the exhaust air measurements, which in some cases does
not originate in the intended rooms but presumably in the plenum above.
Based on the inspection of the HVAC system and measurements from Table 1 several
deficiencies were noted which would be expected to adversely affect either radon
levels, other indoor air quality factors, or energy consumption.
• Table 1 indicates that maximum supply air flowrates are below design values
on all but the fifth floor. This is particularly true on the first floor where the
measured flowrates are approximately 65% of the designed value. More
significantly, observations of the air handler operation indicate that the supply
air flowrates are typically less than half of maximum flowrate, even at peak
cooling demand times. This is at least partially due to excess design
capacity, low supply air temperature set points (50 °F versus 57 °F typical and
design value) and absence of reheat. The combination of low supply air
temperature and flowrate can have negative effects on occupant comfort, as
rooms become sufficiently cool without adequate circulation and may seem
"stuffy" to occupants.
19
-------
Table 1. Summary of HVAC/AHU Operations in Polk County
Administration Building, Bartow, Florida
HVAC
AHU#
Location
of Unit
Area of
Building
Served
Design
Total
Flowrate
(cfm)
TAB
Total
Flowrate
(cfm)
FSEG*
Total
Flowrate
(cfm)
Design
OA
Flowrate
(cfm)
Design
Exhaust
Flowrate
(cfm)
TAB
OA
Flowrate
(cfm)
FSEC*
OA
Flowrate
(cfm)
FSEC*
Exhaust
Flowrate
(cfm)
Fan**
Assist OA
Flowrate
(cfm)
1
Room 138
Board Room
C antral Foyar
11,000
6,348
7447
1,500
520
663
580
72
533
2
Room 123
South
Int./Ext,
17,100
10,696
10796
750
400
350
104
74
172
3
Room 187
North
Int./Ext.
18,600
13,738
12670
1,050
350
1,914
•«*
465
0
1,234
4
Room 211A
2nd Floor
Ext after
21,100
11.456
675
230
935
303
120
303
5
Room 238
2nd Floor
Intartor
11,000
9,510
600
520
540
273
83
273
6
Room 384
3rd Floor
Exterior
14,600
10,901
500
900
953
432
620
432
7
Room 318
3rd Floor
Intartor
9,000
7,296
650
900
952
965
603
965
8
Room 454
4lh Floor
Intartor
8,400
6,524
1,050
500
537
497
510
497
9
Room 419
4th Floor
Extartor
16,850
13,353
750
1200
599
330
1020
330
10
SWSIh
5th Floor
SW
11,500
15,512
900
300
1,305
287
11
NE 3th
Sth Floor
NW
11,500
15,434
900
600
1,430
578
Totals
150,650
120,768
30,913
9,325
6,420
10,178
6,684
3,967
7,474
Notes: *** Data taken on wrong duct
•• Data taken with VAV Boxes at normal operation
• Data taken with VAV Boxes at maximum flow
-------
• As is clear from Table 1, outdoor air flowrates were far below design values
at all but one AHU on the first through fourth floors. This is partly due to the
low static pressure induced by the air handlers at the lower supply volume
used (see below). Low outdoor air intake (particularly on the ground floor)
contributes to inadequate removal of indoor pollutants, especially radon. It
also is a factor in building depressurization, discussed later. Further, the
actual outdoor air flowrates are expected to be further reduced by up to a
factor of two by the fact that the supply air flowrate is generally much less
than the 100% capacity at which these measurements were made.
HVAC Pressure Balance
Figure 4 shows the trend of pressures in three first floor zones relative to the lobby. As
can be seen, during the occupied hours there is an initial pressure surge as the air
handlers leave setback mode, followed by a broad peak as cooling load increases the
pressure difference between each zone and the lobby increases in magnitude through
a maximum, then decreases in the afternoon. For some zones, notably the auditorium,
the pressure difference can be 4-8 Pa. This effect is attributable to flow restrictions in
the crossover windows in the fire-rated walls separating the first floor zones. Any flow
imbalance among the three ground floor AHUs is converted into pressure imbalances at
these restrictions. Such pressure imbalances are significant for radon entry in that they
can create are as of local depressurization with respect to outdoors (or the subslab soil)
even in buildings that are not depressurized overall. Two other mechanisms for local
depressurization were also noted. During the setback periods (Modes B and C)
fluctuation pressure differences of up to 4 Pa were induced between ground floor zones
as alternate air handlers were switched off on the 30 minute duty cycle. These
fluctuations are clearly seen in Figure 4 during the weekend Mode C times or the
afternoon of July 2 and 3. In contrast, Figure 5 plots the pressure differential across the
slab in three of the same rooms. Here the scatter in the data are greater and only two
of the five pressure transducers (Rooms 124 and Auditorium) appear to be operational;
however, two things are noteworthy. First, the pressure differences across the slab do
not show the effects of the zone-to-zone imbalance in the building. The peak-to-peak
variations are less than half that occuring within the building, and occur in
synchronization with the 12 hour tidal pattern of fluctuations in the barometric pressure
rather than the HVAC cycle.
Potentially more serious is the depressurization of the ground floor mechanical rooms
due to net return duct leakage. FSEC measured the depressurization of the
mechanical rooms for AHU 1-3 to be -13.4, -10.6, and -14.6 Pa, respectively, relative to
the lobby area for full VAV open conditions. Clearly, any radon drawn into the
mechanical rooms will be immediately transferred throughout the ground floor by the
HVAC system operation.
21
-------
10
0
a
fc.
«
o
c
£
£
2!
3
CO
CO
Ij/VAyvU •
^ --V »
07/02
07/03
07/04
07/05
07/02
07/03
07/04
07/05
Date
Room 124 Boom 182 Room 154 ——- Aud.
Figure 4. Pressures with respect to atrium of first floor rooms in
Polk County Administration Building
22
-------
07/02 07/03 07/04 07/05
07/02 07/03 07/04 07/05
Date
Room 124 Room 182 Aud.
Figure 5. Pressure differences across slab of first floor rooms
in Polk County Administration Building
23
-------
Radon
Figure 6 depicts the trend of the radon concentrations during the first operating cycle
tests in May. Figure 7 contains a similar plot of concentrations during the period
beginning in July in which the inline fans were activated in the outdoor air ducts of
AHU1 through 3. These figures were composited from individual data station
measurements. The data from the 18 radon monitors fall into clusters by floor which
vary together over long periods of time. For the purpose of simplicity in the figures, the
two-hour average radon concentrations on the first, second, and three upper floors are
averaged separately. The typical daily time course of radon concentrations on the first
floor shows radon rising from a minimum shortly after midnight to a peak about 6:00
a.m., dropping to a second minimum around noon, rising to a second peak about
6:00 p.m., then falling the remainder of the day. This pattern is more pronounced in
some rooms and on some periods of time, and is superimposed on cycles of rising and
falling radon concentrations which tend to be 3-5 days in duration and are independent
of the activities and operation of the building. On the third through fifth floors, the
morning buildup of radon is relatively slower, and the secondary evening peak is
absent. The radon concentration drops steadily from a peak about 8:00 a.m. to a
minimum at roughly 9-10 pm, then begins to recover slightly in advance of the first floor.
Radon concentrations on the second floor show an intermediate behavior, with
suggestions of a secondary maximum in the early evening. The upper floors all show
the same longer term variations of radon seen on the first floor rooms.
Averaged values of the radon levels in the individual locations of the building are shown
in the figures of Appendix B. The 30 minute average radon values from each monitor
have been further smoothed with a non-weighted moving average to remove some of
the fine structure. The averaging period for these figures was 6 hours. The overall
average radon levels in the various locations in the building are summarized in Table 2
and Figure 8. Here the values are averaged for each IAQDS location and over each
distinct operation condition. Also shown in this table are the overall averages for the
first floor, the building as a whole, and below the table the average level under the
subslab in Room 187, and the average outdoor level as measured at the first floor level
(outside Room 123 AHU2) and at the third floor level (outside Room 316 AHU7) of the
building.
Radon concentrations in the "as found" condition averaged approximately 8.1 pCi/L on
first floor, and 3.1 pCi/L on upper floors, yielding 4.1 pCi/L for the building as a whole.
As can be seen in the table, radon concentrations were essentially unaffected by
variation in the OA damper settings. As described below, tracer gas measurements of
the building air change rate over this period (in the range 0.15-0.25 hr'1) also show no
significant variation, indicating that the damper settings are largely ineffectual in varying
the ventilation rate.
This finding suggests that ventilation in this building is primarily by direct leakage across
openings in the building shell and is driven by local pressure differentials
24
-------
Baseline
aximum
Mtnimtifn-OA
04/26
05/06
05/16
05/01
05/11
Date
05/21
05/26
1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd-5th Floors
Figure 6. Average radon concentrations in Polk County
Administration Building for three outdoor air
changer settings
25
-------
16-
14*
3 OA I :ans Installed AHUs
I A!
OA Fan AHU3
Failed
New-Ofcfan-AHU:
1 10
07/10
07/20
07/30
08/09
07/15
07/25
Date
08/04
1st Root 2nd Floor — 3rd-5th Floors
Figure 7. Average radon concentrations in Polk County Administration
Building for three configurations of outdoor air fans
26
-------
\
Tabic 2. Avaraga Radon Lavala In tha Polk County Admlnlatratlon Building, Bartow, Florida. j
Building Condition
Normal
3 OA Fans
3 OA Fans
2 OA Fans
2 OA Fans
3 OA Fans
3 OA Fans 1
Location
Basallna
Max OA
Mln OA
Oparatfon
(pCI/L)
Lav«l
(PCI/L)
<%)
Laval
(pCI/L)
<*>
Laval
(pCI/L)
<%) |
Rm 124 A
6.56
6.38
6.17
6.87
5.57
81.1
6.17
89.9
5.03
73.3
Rm 182
8.20
7.54
7.49
8.66
6.18
71.4
8.04
92.8
4.54
52.4 |
Rm 187
8.55
7.12
6.72
8.01
4.85
60.5
6.70
83.6
3.25
40.8
Rm 154
7.89
7.36
7.30
7.98
5.14
64.5
6.49
81.3
3.82
47.9
Rm 138
11.28
9.49
11.09
10.17
6.26
61.6
6.93
68.1
5.35
52.6
Rm 119
8.85
8.53
6.45
7.06
5.57
78.9
6.50
92.1
5.47
77.4
Rm 123
8.18
7.45
8.80
7.87
5.43
69.0
5.96
75.7
5.45
69.2
Rm 124
8.85
8.61
8.12
8.66
6.79
78.4
7.53
87.0
5.97
68.9
Board Rm
8.95
8.02
7.33
6.83
4.27
62.6
4.92
72.0
3.86
56.5
Rm 139
8.78
7.67
9.35
9.05
6.02
66.5
6.98
77.1
5.56
81.4
Rm 235
3.52
3.86
3.41
3.84
3.82
99.5
4.22
109.7
3.42
89.0
Rm 342
2.82
2.72
3.05
4.31
3.49
80.8
6.83
158.3
3.15
73.1
Rm 313
•
*
*
3.14
3.32
3.24
SW 5th
3.04
3.05
3.37
2.88
2.97
103.1
3.06
106.1
2.77
96.3 B
NE 5th
2.17
2.12
2.50
2.05
2.27
110.7
2.54
124.0
2.04
99.5 I
Rm 289
4.38
4.80
4.72
4.63
4.58
98.8
5.11
110.3
4.26
91.9
Rm 415
2.97
2.70
3.30
2.57
2.56
99.5
2.59
100.5
2.29
89.2
Rm 445
2.71
2.50
3.08
2.43
2.50
102.8
2.60
107.1
2.21
90.8
tat Floor
Avaraga
8.21
7.42
7.88
8.12
5.81
89.1
8.82
81.6
4.83
50.5
Budding
Avaraga
4.08
3.93
4.22
4.08
3.85
89.8
4.00
4.5
3.30
81.0
• - Monitor Malfunction
Othar Avaraga Radon Lavala Includa:
Subslab Radon Laval (Undar Room 187) - 15,878 pCI/L
Bottom of Elavator shaft - 4.4 pCI/L
Outsld* of Bunding (Naar Room 123) - 2.8 pCI/L
Outside of Building (Outslda Room 316) - 0.7 pCI/L
-------
Baseline Min OA 3 OA Fans 3 OA Fans
Max OA Normal 2 OA Fans
Operating Condition
HH 1st Boor m Building
Figure 8. Average radon levels on the first floor and the
entire building under various operating conditions
at the Polk County Administration Building
28
-------
between specific indoor zones and the adjacent outside environment. These pressure
differentials can arise from natural forces on the building, such as wind pressure and
stack effect; however, the observed magnitude of HVAC-induced pressure imbalance
among the first floor zones is enough to expect that a significant portion of the observed
infiltration/exfiltration is derived from this source.
As can be seen in the final three columns of Table 2, first floor radon concentrations
were progressively reduced with addition of increased amounts of forced outdoor
ventilation air. At the highest level of outdoor air, the first floor average radon had
dropped to 4.8 pCi/L, approximately 60 percent of the original concentration. As might
be expected, radon reductions on upper floors were not as dramatic as found on the
first floor. Only at the highest outdoor air level was a clear decrease observed in the
upper floor average; in fact, the upper floor radon appears to have increased slightly
during the period before the final fan was replaced. This increase, if real, may be due
to increased transport of radon upstairs by the added outdoor air into the first floor air
handlers. Even if this redistribution of indoor radon is real, the volume-weighted
building average radon is lower for all fan conditions than in the previous periods.
Other relevant radon levels are illustrated in Figure 9 where a portion of the average
first floor levels is plotted along with the outside and subslab radon levels. The data
were taken on a 30 minute time scale but has been averaged over a period of 3 hours
to remove fine structure. It is seen in this figure that the outdoor radon levels track
quite well with the averaged first floor levels. The subslab radon level has some
structure that may or may not be related to building operation. It may also be more
closely related to atmospheric conditions. As shown in Table 2 the average outdoor
levels were 2.8 pCi/L at the first floor level and about 0.7 pCi/L at the 3rd floor level.
The average subslab radon level was 15,878 pCi/L.
In an attempt to identify major radon entry routes into the building, a continuous radon
monitor was placed in the maintenance pit at the bottom of the elevator shaft. The
results are shown in Figure 10 where the radon levels in the shaft are plotted along with
the averaged first floor levels. These measurements were carried out during more-or-
less normal operating conditions of the building. The average level in the elevator shaft
was about 4.4 pCi/L which is less than 50% of the level measured on the first floor over
the same period. It can safely be concluded that the elevator shaft is not a major
source of the building radon, if it is a source at all. One reason to question the elevator
shaft as a major entry route is because the construction of the shaft is such that cracks
and openings are minimized. The radon in the shaft probably originates from the
building interior itself. Similar measurements in the telephone room and electrical room
in the first floor shows radon levels comparable to the surrounding NE zone. On the
other hand, inspection of the first four columns of Table 2 and the figures of Appendix B
indicates that all three mechanical rooms (138,123, and 187) have average radon
concentrations above the averages of other rooms in the zones they serve for most of
the study period. These results are highly suggestive that the highly depressurized
29
-------
10
e
8
7
6
4
3
2
1
0
1
h
1
b
\,
A
A
v'\
l\
J \ A
/u
JS
lit1
J
V
^ .,
%
r ¥•
/
P
t
•./ \ I ]
' \ 1
V
i
B 1—
1
:
|
A
iu
I
l ^
17000
16800
16600
16400
16200
16000
15800
15600
15400
15200
15000
g
O
£
*5
5
"O
CD
CL
JD
O
*»
X)
<0
07/20 07/22 07/24 07/26 07/28
07/21 07/23 07/25 07/27
Date
Outside Rm 316 1st Fl.Avg Rm 187 SS
Figure 9. Comparison of radon levels outside the building and under
t he slab with the average of all first floor monitors at the Polk
County Administration Building
30
-------
16
14
12
jd.
O 10
o.
*d 6
£
-4
2
0
06/15 06/19 06/23 06/27 07/01
06/17 06/21 06/25 06/29
Date
1st FI.Avg El.Shft.
Figure 10. Comparison of first floor average radon levels with the levels
measured in the maintenance pit of the elevator shaft at the
Polk County Administration Building.
31
-------
mechanical rooms form a major entry point for radon in the building, although the rapid
redistribution of air in these rooms makes it difficult to place any estimate on radon
entry rates into the mechanical rooms. Interestingly, the pattern of higher concentration
in the mechanical rooms is reversed somewhat in the later study days with OA fans,
demonstrating that the mechanical rooms, are not the only radon source for the
building.
Tracer Gas Results
Whole Building Air Change Rates
The results of the whole building air change rate measurements are presented in Figure
16. This figure is a plot of the volume-weighted average of the tracer gas decay rates in
each of the return air sample locations versus the outdoor air temperature in °C. As
discussed later, this average is not strictly equal to the whole building air change rate
and will be referred to as an estimated building air change rate. Results are presented
for the three previously mentioned modes of operation as well as under varying outdoor
air intake conditions. The three different modes of operation are distinguished in Figure
11 by three different shades of data markers; i.e., white indicates Mode A, black
indicates Mode B, and shaded indicates Mode C. During air change rate
measurements, four different outdoor air intake settings were utilized: 1) set-point: all
outdoor air intake dampers at their normal settings, 2) OA open: all adjustable dampers
opened completely, 3) 50% OA: all adjustable dampers approximately half open, and 4)
VAV open: all variable air volume dampers of terminal units completely open. These
four outdoor air intake settings are indicated by the different shapes of data markers in
Figure 11; i.e., squares, circles, diamonds and triangles respectively.
As previously mentioned, a uniform tracer gas concentration between all zones of the
building often could not be maintained during the tracer gas decay tests. One example
of a nonuniform tracer decay test is shown in Figure 12. As shown in Figure 12, even
though the concentrations in each sample location were very close to each other at the
beginning of the decay period, the tracer gas concentration appeared to decay at two
different rates. In this example, return air concentrations in the returns of the first and
second floor air handlers decayed at a noticeably slower rate than those of the third,
fourth and fifth floors. While nonuniform decay tests were typical, the pattern was not
always the same. Due to the variation in tracer gas concentration between the zones,
the tracer gas decays are not equal to the building air change rate. The estimated
whole building air change rate based on the average tracer gas decay rate for all the
zones has an uncertainty of roughly 0.05 air changes per hour.
As seen in Figure 11, the estimated building air change rate varied from about 0.05 air
changes per hour (ach) to about 0.25 ach with the lower values occurring during the
unoccupied modes of operation B and C, which is also when outdoor air
temperatures were at their lowest. Higher air change rates occurred at higher outdoor
temperatures. This increase may be caused by increased supply airflow rates in
32
-------
D
o o
A
a
o
A°
~
n
o u
A»
«
•
*0 °
a
o
A
a
* •
•
• •
•
•
1 A.
•
19
II
tt 15 77
llMifcwr Ah Tcwytilim (*T|
79
31
11 Ma* A (Mi-paint)
O Mrii A (OA ape*)
• Ma* A MM OA)
A MaJt A (V AV a(*«)
• IMi II (id-pahl)
• MaAIIOAipn)
• IMilDMOA)
• MofeHtVAVapcat
ilMtCIVAV^M)
Figure 11.
Whole building air change rates measured by NIST using SF6 tracer
gas in the Polk County Administration Building.
-------
5.50
5.00
1
14 50
C
y 4.00..
<3
£ 5.50
5.00 ..
2.50 ..
I I
IJ | '• 0
m *• •, ^ •, • * • * I « | || % f
v* IV i ;i: X * iy. * -..'r- J& .V v
.. ¦• .*>$,•&#.& "•%&&.<>.
° ','„DVoAaarf'0,^, °° -° ¦„ V° •
2.00
o RIJT-5 OK1JT-4 •RI!T-5 • Miri-2 • IIIW • UI-1! .WIN
o^0
tjn0 ° d^P
^myi
H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! H
H H
H 1 H
8 8 8
2 3 el
8 8
t-\
S s
o t-.
8
r i
8
f'l
? 8
8 8 8
*© I • CO
Tin* of Dny
8888§§8888
o\ o «—• fi »n «
-------
response to increased thermal loads, which may have in turn increased the rate of
outdoor air intake and pressure-induced infiltration. Based on the building volume of
approximately 60,000 m3 and the maximum and minimum whole building air change
rates, the air change rate is between 830 L/s (1,760 cfm) and 4,200 L/s (8,900 cfm) or
between 2.8 L/s (5.9 cfm) per person and 14 L/s (30 cfm) per person based on a
building occupancy of 300 people.
The variation of the air change rate during each of the first three operating cycles was
greater than any systematic differences between 3 periods of damper adjustment,
indicating that OA damper position was not the major determinant of air exchange rate
in the building. Unfortunately, no reliable data were obtained during the period in which
OA fans were installed.
Interzone Airflow Patterns
Interzone airflow patterns were evaluated qualitatively by injecting tracer gas into
various locations on the first floor of the building and monitoring the time history of the
tracer gas concentrations in the return air ducts of the air handlers. The results of the
tests are presented in Table 3. This table indicates the location of the injection, the
initial concentration prior to injection (C0), the maximum concentration after injection
(Cmax), and the amount of time that had elapsed since injection when the maximum
concentration occurred (At). Tracer gas was injected by the automated tracer gas
injection system into the supply air ducts of each of the three air handlers serving the
first floor individually and into all three at once. Values shown in bold text indicate a
"notable" response in that zone. Table 4 is a summary of the injection zone and the
corresponding return air streams in which a "notable" response was observed
(excluding the injection zone).
Injecting into each zone of the first floor showed a notable response in the other first
floor zones except when injecting into the supply air stream of AHU2 (Room 123) (1W)
in which case there was no notable response in the zone served by AHU1 (Room 138)
(1N). The second floor showed a notable response when tracer gas was injected into
AHU3 (Room 187), and the third floor showed a notable response when tracer gas was
injected into both AHU1 and AHU2. These responses are illustrated in Figure 13.
Each time there was an automated injection, there was a quick response in the fourth
floor sample locations. This was due to the close proximity of the automated injection
system to an opening in the fourth floor return air plenum, and a small discharge of
tracer gas from the injection system each time it performed an injection. This was
verified by releasing a balloon full of tracer gas directly into the space served by each of
the first floor air handlers. During these manual injections, no tracer gas was noted on
the fourth floor.
35
-------
Table 3. Interzone Tracer Gas Test Results
Kcluin Ail Sample Location
P;itc
Injection
5
4
3
2
in
IN
IW
|j>c;ilion
Co
Cinnx
Al
Co
Cmax
Al
r«.
C max
Al
Co
C max
Al
Co
Cinax
Al
Co
Cmax
Ai
Co
Cmax
Al
IppM
IppM
|min|
In*]
IppM
liitin)
I|TM
IppM
|min|
111*!
Ii»pM
liniiij
111*1
IppM
|min|
111*1
IppM
H'M
IptM
IppM
|iniii|
6/4/94
Supply in
IS 16
12
18
Al
13
16
17
22 A
27
62
24
44
142
37
40
84
I3R
1(\
50
206
6/5/94
(AIIU IR7)
19
10
32
10
61
13
10
12
154
IR
60
15
40
142
27
33
78
MR
19
39
236
6/6/94
IK
9
32
10
37
13
y
194
14
41
15
34
114
27
30
65
138
IR
32
196
6/7/94
.Supply 1N
III
l
30
177
|3
19
108
IS
74
3(»
6/10/94
(AIIU 123)
3
4
72
4
3K
13
K0
14
7
11
135
12
27
137
10
15
208
15
72
46
6/1 1/94
3
3
-
3
25
13
5
56
14
6
R
235
y
16
137
7
10
208
12
50
46
6/15/94
IF. IW &IN
<>
R
01
4
20
13
R
47
14
y
25
15
i ft
80
17
1ft
96
38
11
19
34
6/16/94
1
10
132
K
16
13
7
39
14
y
22
15
17
76
27
20
91
2R
19
75
26
6/17/94
7
9
132
7
20
13
7
34
14
K
20
15
12
64
17
15
69
2R
15
69
16
OS
Table 4. Summary of Interzorie Tracer Gas Test Responses
Injection Zone Responding Zones
AHU-IH7 (IE) AHU-l3H~(IN)t AHU-123 (IW), 2nd Floor
AHU-138 (IN) AHU-IK7 (IK), AHU-123 (IW). 2nd Floor, 3rd Floor
AHU-123 (IW) AHU-IK7 (IR). 3rd Moor
AH 1st Floor AHU's 2nd Floor, 3rd Floor
-------
Aultt Injecl lo Mill 1*7(11:)at frVt
no
inn
on
fin
4n
w
j
X
/
V
f
M* \
vn' >
H
' v /
. s~\
v \
r-^V-
• •
9 w
V/ \ i>Sv
» \
>
—
rr-r—
^
• • «
• » — " -
• • —
m-H
M N
— Rl-W
niro
RRT3
RET4
ROTS
7:fW> Brno 9.IJO ln:
-------
Other IAQDS Measurements
Building Temperatures
The temperatures measured at the IAQDS locations showed very little change other
than that produced by the cycling of the HVAC systems. The continuous temperature
measurements are shown in the Figures in Appendix C. The values averaged over
each operating condition and for each station are shown in Table 5. The first floor and
building averages are plotted in Figure 14 where it is seen that the three OA fans did
not appreciably change the building temperatures. Any tendencies to raise the building
temperatures due to increasing the OA were more than compensated for by the HVAC
systems.
Building Moisture (RH) Levels
The continuous indoor RH levels measured at the 13 IAQDS locations are shown in the
Figures of Appendix D. Here it is seen that there were measurable increases in the RH
levels of all five floors of the building when the OA fans were installed and operated on
the AHUs on the first floor. It might appear that some of this increase was due to the
increased OA supplied to the first floor. However, coincident with this increase, the
supply air temperatures of all air handlers in the building were raised from 50°F to 57°F
(via telephone conversations with Johnson Controls). Since the RH increase covered
all floors and reversed itself while the fans were still operational, first floor OA fans do
not appear to be a significant cause of the moisture increase.
The averaged values of RH are summarized in Table 6 where the values recorded by
each of the IAQDS units were averaged for each of the building operating conditions.
With the OA fans operating the RH levels at various locations increased by about 12%
on the first floor and by about 14% for the entire building (with the larger OA fan on
AHU3). Levels generally remained below 50% RH and within the recommended 20-
60% RH range (ASHRAE Comfort Standard 55-74). These increases are shown
graphically in Figure 15 where both the first floor and building averages are plotted as a
function of the building operating condition. It would appear that bringing in the
additional OA posed no problem for the HVAC systems and could be increased (as
recommended to the County) without exceeding the recommended maximums.
Building Carbon Dioxide (COJ Levels
The continuous C02 levels as measured by the 13 IAQDS units are shown in
Appendix E. The background levels as measured on Sunday evenings were generally
about 400 parts per million (ppm). The maximum or peak C02 levels measured
throughout the testing period are shown in Figure 16 where the peak levels generally
were less than 1,500 ppm. One exception was a level of 2,798 ppm measured in the
Auditorium (or Board Room) on 4/26/94 at about 10:00 pm, presumably during a
County Commission meeting. The weekday average maximum C02 levels measured
by the IAQDS stations are tabulated in Table 7. For the first floor of the building the
average maximum during normal building operation was 1,333 ppm and the building
average maximum was 1,115 ppm. These maximum levels were little affected by the
38
-------
Table 5. Average Temperatures in the Polk County Administration Building, Bartow, Florida
Building Condition
Nofmal
3 OA Fans
3 OA Fans
2 OA Fans
2 OA Fan*
3 OA Fans
3 OA Fans
Basattn*
Man OA
Mln OA
Operation
Laval
% of Norm
Laval
% of Norm
Laval
% of Norm.
Location
(oH
(on
(oF)
(oF)
(oH
<%)
(oF)
(%)
(on
(*)
Rm 124 A
81.2
81.5
81.4
01.4
01.4
100 0
81.3
99.8
81.1
996
Rm 182
70.2
70.8
71.0
70.6
70.7
100.1
70.5
99.8
71.0
100.6
Rm 154
81.5
82.1
82.1
81.5
8t.9
100.5
82.1
100.7
81.8
100.4
Rm 119
80.5
80.2
78.4
78.3
78.5
100.2
78.0
99.6
77.9
99.4
Board Rm
81.7
81.9
81.3
80.5
800
99.4
79.8
99.2
79.7
99.0
Rm 235
75.9
76.1
76.0
75.8
75.6
99.7
76.6
101.1
76.7
101.1
Rm 342
81.0
81.3
81.3
81.1
80.6
99.4
80.9
99.7
80.8
99.6
Rm 313
78.5
78.7
78.7
70 5
70 7
100.2
79.0
100.7
78.9
100.5
SW 5th
77.3
78.0
79.9
79.9
00.0
too.t
79.4
99.3
BO.3
100.4
NE 5th
77.4
77.7
77.5
70.2
•
4k
•
*
*
*
Rm 209
81.2
81.9
81.5
81.7
81.8
tOO.2
82.3
100.8
82.4
100.9
Rm 415
81.3
81.1
79.2
79.5
79.2
99 6
79.4
100.0
79.2
99.7
Rm 445
78.0
78.3
70.0
70.3
*
•
*
•
•
•
1st Floor
Avaraga
79.00
79.31
78.83
78.48
78.51
100.0
78.34
99.8
78.30
99 8
Budding
Avaraga
78.09
79.21
78.94
78.88
78.96
100.1
79.04
100.2
70.08
100.3
* - Monitor Malfunction
-------
1
Baseline Min OA 3 OA Fans 3 OA Fans
Max OA Operating 2 OA Fans
Operating Condition
1st Floor Building
Figure 14. Average temperatures on the first floor and for the entire building
under various operating conditions at the Polk County Administration
Building.
40
-------
Table 6. Average Relative Humidities in the Polk County Administration Building, Bartow, Florida
Building Condition
Location
Baaadna
(*)
Max OA
<%>
Mln OA
<*)
Normal
Operation
(%)
30.2
3 OA Fans
Laval
(*)
32.4
3 OA Fans
% ol Norm
(%)
107.3
2 OA Fans
Laval
<%>
2 OA Fans
% of Norm
(*)
3 OA Fana
Laval
<%)
3 OA Fans
% of Norm
<%)
Rm 124 A
29.8
28.8
29.2
34.5
114.2
34.8
115.5
Rm 182
32.1
30.6
30.6
32.2
34.3
106.5
36.1
112.2
34.6
107.7
Rm 154
32.3
31.5
31.8
33.1
36.0
108.7
37.2
112.3
37.0
111.7
Rm 119
31.9
31.7
34.3
36.4
38.7
106.2
41.1
112.8
41.3
113.3
Board Rm
32.5
31.8
32.1
34.5
37.0
107.1
38.2
110.5
38.8
112.6
Rm 235
37.5
38.1
37.8
35.6
40.7
114.5
45.3
127.3
44.3
124.4
Rm 342
32.8
32.7
32.2
33.8
36.2
106.9
39.6
117.0
39.7
117.4
Rm 313
35.2
35.1
34.7
36.3
36.9
101.6
41.0
113.0
40.1
110.6
SW 51h
36.9
35.8
33.9
37.2
38.0
101.9
41.9
112.4
41.6
111.6
NE 5th
37.7
37.1
36.7
40.4
50.1
124 0
54.3
134.5
54.8
135.9
nm 289
35.2
35.1
34.5
34.9
39.8
114.1
45.9
131.3
45.0
128.7
Rm 415
34.9
35.2
33.5
37.0
38.4
103.5
42.1
113.6
41.2
111.3
Rm 445
36.4
36.6
35.1
39.1
30.8
78.8
33.0
84.4
33.7
86.3
1st Floor
Avsraga
31.73
30.B7
31.61
33.28
35.65
107.1
37.39
112.4
37.32
112.1
Budding
Avaraga
34.24
33.85
33.58
35.45
37.62
106.2
40.77
115.0
40.55
114.4
-------
Baseline Min OA 3 OA Fans 3 OA Fans
Max OA Operating 2 OA Fans
Operating Condition
1st Floor m Building
Figure 15. Average moisture levels (RH) on the first floor and the entire
building under various operating conditions at the Polk County
Administration Building
42
-------
3000Yf
2500
2000
1 1500
1000-"
342
162 11S 235 313
Room Location
289 445
NE5 415
Figure 16. Maximum or peak weekday C02 levels measured at the IAQDS
locations in the Polk County Administration Building
43
-------
Table 7. Average Maximum CO, Levels In the Polk County Administration Building, Bartow, Florida
Building Condition
Normal
3 OA Fans
3 OA Fans
2 OA Fans
2 OA Fans
3 OA Fan*
3 OA Fans
Baseline
Max OA
Mln OA
Operation
Level
% ol Norm
Level
% ol Norm
Level
% of Norm
Location
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
<*)
(ppm)
<%)
(PPm)
(*)
Rm 124 A
1211
1270
1193
1189
1131
95.1
995
83.7
1013
85.2
flm 182
1249
1266
1232
1219
1105
90.6
1068
87.6
993
81.5
Rm 154
1525
1564
1522
1512
1288
85.2
1170
77.4
1026
67.9
Rm 119
1455
1519
*
•
•
•
•
*
*
•
Board Rm
1432
1462
1412
1414
1237
87.5
1480
104.7
1109
78.4
Rm 235
1071
1162
1104
1139
1177
103.4
1033
90.7
1053
92.5
Rm 342
1011
1079
1079
1107
1067
96.4
941
85.0
949
85.7
Rm 313
775
854
833
816
843
103.4
745
91.4
767
94.0
SWSIh
1303
1399
1360
1325
1343
101.3
1321
99.7
1341
101.1
NE 5th
1105
1124
1090
1071
1054
90 4
1054
98.5
1027
95.9
Rm 209
10O7
1102
1006
1168
1 195
102.3
1066
91.2
1070
91.6
Rm 415
•
*
733
689
738
107.1
646
93.7
676
98.0
Rm 445
735
792
005
737
*
*
*
•
•
1*1 Floor
Avtragt
1374
1420
1340
1333
1190
89.6
1178
88.4
1095
78.3
¦Building
(Average
1183
1224
1114
1115
1107
97.3
1047
01.2
1002
88.4
* - Monitor Malfunction
-------
position of the passive OA dampers on the air handlers. However, installation of the
OA fans on the first floor air handlers significantly reduced the maximum levels on the
first floor. With the large fan on AHU3 the first floor maximum levels were reduced by
more than 20% and the whole building levels by slightly more than 10%. These
reductions are easily seen in Figure 17 where the averaged weekday peak C02 levels
are plotted for both the first floor and the entire building as functions of the various
operating conditions. Clearly, the additions of more outside air improved the indoor air
quality as measured by the C02 levels.
Discussion of Study Objectives
The results described in this section allow some insight into the study objectives listed
at the beginning of Chapter 4. First, the data has demonstrated a link between HVAC
operation and radon entry, at least as related to the level of ventilation air in the
structure. As described in the discussion of Table 2, the effect of forced air ventilation
to bring the first floor closer to the design outdoor levels produced a dramatic decrease
in first floor radon and a lesser decrease in whole building radon. While the original
adjustments of the outdoor air dampers failed to have a clear effect on either radon,
building pressures, or air exchange rate, fan-assisted ventilation provided a feasible
and cost-effective means of reducing radon while resetting the building ventilation rates
to the original specifications.
Second, the effects of ground floor pressure imbalances are less clear. While HVAC-
induced pressure differentials of 1-4 Pa regularly occur in the building, they are not
easy to relate to radon entry in that periods of maximum pressure imbalance do not
appear to coincide with periods of maximum radon concentration. The observation
from Figures 10-11 that the zone-to-zone pressure differentials do not appear to
correlate with the pressure differences across the slab add further uncertainty to the
anticipated impacts of pressure imbalance.
The third objective, monitoring air flow between zone and floors, was only partially met.
Qualitative air flow pattern can be deduced from the tracer data summarized in Tables
3 and 4, and use of Table 2 with radon as a tracer indicates that roughly half the air on
the second floor and 30 percent of the air on the upper floors originates on the ground
floor. Further interzone measurements would have been desirable, and the failure of
the tracer gas system before installation of the forced OA fans was especially
disappointing.
Likewise, measurement difficulties were involved as no conclusive insight was obtained
into the effects of slab size or driving pressures. The peak-to-peak pressure
differences across the slab are not larger in magnitude than those previously observed
in house-sized slabs, and insufficient valid data locations were available to relate the
pressure differences to position on the slab. The time dependence of these pressure
fluctuations does match that seen in earlier FRRP studies of slab-or-grade structures.
45
-------
Baseline Min OA 3 OA Fans 3 OA Fans
Max OA Operating 2 OA Fans
Operating Condition
1st Floor Building
Figure 17. Averaged weekday peak C02 levels for the first floor and for the entire
building under various operating conditions at the Polk County
Administration Building
46
-------
Fifth, in the course of the study some semiquantitative conclusions can be offered as to
the vulnerability of certain building features to radon entry. The central elevator shafts
were clearly not a significant point for radon entry, although they cannot be discounted
as conduits for transport to the fifth floor. The visible penetrations in the electrical and
telephone rooms were not demonstrated to be a measurable radon source. The
excess radon concentrations in all three ground floor mechanical rooms, combined with
their high depressurization and strong coupling to the HVAC supply systems, implicates
them as probable entry locations for a substantial fraction of the indoor radon.
Finally, the study was able to leave the building owners, Polk County, a clear
demonstration of measures which would reduce indoor radon to below the Florida
radon standard while remaining within the mechanical design specifications for the
building.
47
-------
Chapter 6
Quality Assurance
In early 1994, the EPA approved a Quality Assurance (QA) Project Plan (QAPP)
(#94036) for the "Large Building 1994 Demonstration" to develop suitable diagnostic
and mitigation techniques for existing large buildings in Florida. This plan was used by
the research teams to guide the study reported in this document for this building. The
radon measurements were made in accordance with procedures found in the EPA's
"Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols" manual
(U.S. EPA 1992). The differential pressure measurements were made using MODUS
Instruments, Inc. pressure transmitters according to their operating instructions.
Data Quality Objectives and Achievements
The major objectives of this project were to determine the effect of HVAC operating
cycles (including OA level and exhaust ventilation) on radon-relevant parameters of the
structures, to evaluate the effect of a larger slab on the driving pressures which promote
radon entry, to assess the effect of ground floor pressure balance or imbalance on
radon entry, to monitor the transport of air and radon between zones and floors, and to
assess the effect of building features/faults on response variables. Limited tests
conducted with forced OA input on the first floor air handlers indicated that radon entry
could be greatly reduced by increasing the amount of OA into the HVAC systems.
Data Quality Indicators
The data quality indicator (DQI) goals for precision, accuracy, and completeness are
described in the QAPP (#94036) of March 1994. The precision goals for radon
concentrations of 4 pCi/L or greater are given in terms of a coefficient of variation (CV)
or relative standard deviation and are the 10% levels listed as achievable in the EPA's
protocols (U.S. EPA 1992). The precision goal for differential pressure of 25% CV was
set higher because many of the measurements are expected to be in the range of ±1
Pa, and this level of precision will be quite adequate in this range of measurements.
The accuracy goal for radon concentrations was the criterion for a pass in the EPA's
Radon Proficiency Program (RPP) (U.S. EPA 1995), ±25% bias for concentrations
above 4 pCi/L. This bias was also considered adequate for the differential pressure
measurements. The target completeness goal was 90% for each measurement
parameter.
Continuous Radon Monitors
Precision-Before any continuous radon measurements were started in this building in
April 1994, the 19 CRMs were placed in the same location and measured the radon
concentration there simultaneously for two days. The resulting measurements from
these monitors had a CV of 9%, less than the DQI goal for precision of 10% for radon
concentrations greater than 4 pCi/L. Therefore, the precision of the CRMs was
considered to be acceptable.
48
-------
Accuracy-The 19 CRMs were exposed to 18.4 pCi/L in the EPA radon chambers at the
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery,
Alabama, from 28 February until 2 March 1994. Using the last recorded calibration
factors (CF) for each of these monitors (some had not been used in several years), the
measured radon concentrations were calculated. The difference between the measured
value and the actual concentration divided by the actual concentration is the bias or
relative error (RE), usually given as a percentage. The DQI goal for accuracy was ±25%
RE for concentrations greater than 4 pCi/L. Table 8 lists the results of the bias
determination made for the CRMs based on this calibration run. The mean and the
mean absolute relative error (MARE) (the mean of the absolute values of each of the
individual REs) of the calibration measurements are given in the table. Each of the
individual REs and the MARE were within the target bias of ±25%; therefore, the
accuracies of the CRMs were considered to be quite adequate. Based on this
exposure, a new CF was calculated for each monitor. The new CFs were used in the
study.
Radon Grab Samples
Precision-Onlv five grab samples were taken in this building, and one of them
represented a duplicate measurement. The CV for this duplicate measurement was
less than the 10% DQI goal; so the precision of these grab samples was considered
acceptable.
Accuracy-Approximately annually most of the grab sampling cells are routinely taken to
the NAREL in Montgomery, Alabama, for checks of their calibration. During March 1994
before any of the grab samples were taken in this building, the grab sampling cells that
were used in these measurements had calibration checks performed there. Air from
one of the environmental control chambers was sampled by each of the cells. They
were returned to Birmingham where they were counted at least twice. Later NAREL
sent the actual concentration that was maintained in the chambers at the time of
sampling. Then new CFs were calculated for each of the cells based on the actual
chamber concentrations.
In 1995, after the measurements in this building were completed, most of the cells were
returned to NAREL for another calibration check. (Unfortunately, cell 1.5 was in use on
another project during that time.) The concentrations of radon measured by each of the
cells were determined. When NAREL sent the actual concentrations of the chambers,
the REs of the measured values and new CFs of the cells were determined. Table 9
lists the calibration results for these two exposures. As was the case with the CRMs,
the measure that is used to compare the REs is the MARE. The individual REs for the
various cells range from -7 to 10%, and the MARE for the calibration check was 5%.
49
-------
Table 8. Results of the Bias Determinations for the CRMs
IAQDS #
CRM ID
Old CF
Counts
Radon
RE
New CF
113
094
0.29
16818
20.1
9.4%
0.32
110
131
0.29
17463
20.9
13.6%
0.33
I3A
395
0.29
14354
17.2
-6.6%
0.27
I4B
414
0.29
14263
17.1
-7.2%
0.27
111
418
0.29
15621
18.7
1.6%
0.29
I5A
421
0.28
14114
17.5
-4.9%
0.27
18
422
0.28
17534
21.7
18.2%
0.33
I4A
423
0.31
15471
17.3
-5.8%
0.29
19
425
0.28
15078
18.7
1.6%
0.28
114
427
0.30
14449
16.7
-9.1%
0.27
16
428
0.29
14263
17.1
-7.2%
0.27
17
532
0.29
14499
17.4
-5.7%
0.27
112
533
0.29
14470
17.3
-5.8%
0.27
13
534
0.29
14769
17.7
-3.9%
0.28
12
535
0.29
14867
17.8
-3.3%
0.28
15
536
0.30
19241
22.3
21.0%
0.36
14
537
0.29
14210
17.0
-7.5%
0.27
I2A
538
0.29
14823
17.7
-3.5%
0.28
11
539
0.29
14950
17.9
-2.7%
0.28
Mean/MARE
18.3
7.3%
All of these error measures were well within the DQI goal of ±25%; so the bias of the
grab samples was considered to be acceptable.
50
-------
Table 9. Calibration Results for the Grab Cells From 1994 and 1995
Cell No.
CF 1994
Background
Measured
Chamber
RE 1995
CF 1995
EPA 1.3
0.702
11.3
117.8
118.4
-1%
0.697
EPA 1.5
0.646
4.9
EPA 2.1
0.655
2.4
97.9
100.1
-2%
0.640
EPA 2.2
0.659
6.6
129.7
118.4
10%
0.715
SRI 283
0.883
5.6
93.4
100.1
-7%
0.815
Mean
0.709
MARE
5%
0.717
Before a cell was used in the field, a background count was generally made and
recorded to ensure that the cell was relatively "clean." After a sample was collected
and counted, the cell was flushed with clean ambient air and allowed to "relax" to allow
the residual decay products to decay away before another background check was
made. With the relatively high radon concentrations sampled in this study, especially,
when taking soil and sub-slab samples, the cells were subjected to large potentials for
increased backgrounds.
Completeness-All of the individual grab samples taken over the course of this study
produced valid measurements, for a 100% completion rate, easily exceeding the 90%
DQI goal for this measure of data quality.
Differential Pressure Measurements
Precision-Before the 28 pressure transmitters were placed in the building they were
used to measure three pressures (of varying magnitudes) that spanned their ranges.
On all 28 transmitters the ports were connected, for a pressure differential of 0 Pa, and
the mV readings of the transmitters were compared. Their CV was 5%. The other
pressures placed across their ports were near the transmitters' maximum and minimum
values, but not all transmitters had the same pressures applied. Two to four
transmitters each had one of six different positive and seven different negative
pressures applied. (A few of the pressures had no replicated transmitters measuring
them.) The resultant millivolt readings were processed with the nominal conversion
factors of the transmitters. The calculated pressures of these 13 replicated
measurements had CVs varying from 1 to 23%, all within the 25% DQI goal; therefore,
the precision of these monitors was considered to be acceptable.
Accuracv-Diaital micro manometers, which were routinely sent back to the
manufacturer for their calibrations to be certified with National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) traceable test equipment, were used to calibrate the pressure
transmitters. In April 1994, before the building was instrumented with the devices, all 28
transmitters were calibrated with these manometers using three values spanning their
51
-------
ranges. The middle value (0) should have registered a transmitter reading of 2000 mV.
The REs of the 28 transmitters' readings at this pressure varied from -16 to 9%, with a
MARE of 5%. At the low and high pressures, the transmitter readings in millivolts were
converted to pressures in Pascals using the instruments' generic calibration factors,
and the results were compared with the manometer readings. Forty-eight of the 56
resulting REs (86%) fell within the ±25% DQI goal, and the MARE of all 56 readings
was 17%. Based on this information, the bias of these instruments was considered
acceptable.
Linear regressions were run over these pressure ranges, producing slopes of
Pascals/volt and intercepts of calculated pressures in Pascals. The use of these
updated calibration factors for each device for the conversion of the millivolt output to
pressure values should have made the field measurements even more accurate than
the above numbers indicate. A second measure was taken to control for another type of
bias that could be introduced over the course of the measurement period, namely zero
drift of the transmitters. For five minutes at the beginning of each half hour's
measurements the pressure signal sent to the transmitters was of zero pressure drop
between the ports, and these readings were recorded by the data logger. The
calculations of the measured pressures each half hour were made with this zero
correction.
Data Reviews
Prior to the study, all of the radon and pressure measuring equipment was calibrated as
described above. Generally QA personnel not directly involved with the actual field
measurements made the calibration checks of the equipment. The CRMs and most of
the pressure transmitters came from the EPA, and one of their contractors performed
the calibrations and provided Southern with the results. The radon grab cells belonged
to Southern. The calibration checks for these radon measuring devices were performed
at the EPA's NAREL in Montgomery, Alabama, by Birmingham-based technicians
and/or scientists. The calibration certification of the micro manometers was performed
by the manufacturer. The results of all the calibration checks were reviewed by the
project manager and the principal investigator and passed on to the on-site project
coordinator for use in the field. This individual kept detailed project logs, copies of which
were sent to Birmingham at least monthly. Here they were reviewed by both the
manager and investigator for completeness. At least twice during the project, a field visit
was made by Birmingham personnel to review the data set up and collection.
Identification of Corrective Actions
The data from the data logger were retrieved within the next working day of any
changes to the system to ensure that their collection was complete and accurate as
planned. If any data appeared to be faulty or missing, then immediate checks of the
system were performed. For instance, if no data appeared in the output where some
was expected, then the wiring, connections, and programming were inspected. If
unreasonable data were detected, then sampling lines were checked for blockage,
crimping, or leaks. Once the reliability of the data retrieval system appeared to be
52
-------
sufficient, then downloads were conducted approximately weekly, and another thorough
review of the collected data was performed to ensure that the measurement and
collection systems were operating as planned. Because this was an occupied and
working facility throughout the time of this study, there were numerous potential
interferences with consistent and continuous data collection. Moreover, there were
frequent thunder storms and severe weather that caused power fluctuations. Generally
the system was inspected as soon as possible after each such event occurred.
53
-------
References
ASTM 1993. Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone
by Means of Tracer Gas Dilution, E741, American Society for Testing and
Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
U.S. EPA, 1992. Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device
Protocols, EPA-402/R-92-004 (NTIS PB92-206176), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 104 pp.
U.S. EPA, 1995. Radon Proficiency Program (RPP) Handbook, EPA-402/R-95-013,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 120 pp.
54
-------
Appendix A. IAQDS Data Station Locations and Configurations.
55
-------
IAQDS1
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 124A Label Colors: lst:Lt.Blue
1 ' 2nd :Lt.Blue
1
J27 (in Rml20A)
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1 1 INT Dp#l Zone to Subslab +-0.1
ADC2 2 INT Dp#2 Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC3 3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC4 4 FP-9 HVAC SA Temp AHU3
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RK
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC8 8 FP-3 Climet Particle Counter
SW1
5W2
SW3
9 FP-6
10 FP-13
11 FP-7
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
12
13
14
INT
FP-5
FP-12
Femto Zone Radon
Dp#l High Subslab
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
56
-------
IAQDS2
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 182 Label Colors: lst:Lt.Blue
2 ' 2nd:Green
2
J14
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1 1 INT Dp#l Zone to Subslab +-0.1
ADC2 2 INT Dp#2 Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC3 3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC4 4 FP-9 Dp#4 RA Static Press AHU3 Rm 187
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RH
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC8 8 FP-3 HVAC SA RH AHU3
0-3.0
SW1 9 FP-6 HVAC Pressure Switch Rml87
SW2 10 FP-13
SW3 11 FP-7
Cntl 12 INT Femto Zone Radon
Cnt2 13 FP-5 Femto Radon in Rm 187
Cnt3 14 FP-12
Dp#l High Subslab
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
Dp#4 High MR Rml87
Low AHU3 RA Tap
57
-------
IAQDS3
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 154 Label Colors: lst:Lt.Blue
3 ' 2nd:Red
3
J25
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7
ADC8
1 INT Dp#l Zone to Subslab +-0.1
2 INT Dp#2 Zone to Lobby +-0.1
3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
4 FP-9 Dp#4 RA Static Pressure AHU1 Rm 138 0
5 INT Zone Temp
6 INT Zone RH
7 INT Zone C02
8 FP-3
SW1 9 FP-6 HVAC SA Pressure Switch AHU1 Rm 138
SW2 10 FP-13
SW3 11 FP-7
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
12 INT
13 FP-5
14 FP-12
Femto Zone Radon
Femto Radon Rm 138
Dp#l High Subslab
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
Dp#4 High MR Rml38
Low AHU1 RA Tap
58
-------
IAQDS4
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 119 Label Colors: lst:Lt.Blue
4 1 2nd: Orange
4
J12
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1 1 INT Dp#l Zone to Subslab +-0.1
ADC2 2 INT Dp#2 Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC3 3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC4 4 FP-9 Dp#4 RA Static Pressure AHU2 Rml23 0
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RH
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC8 8 FP-3 HVAC SA Temp AHU2
SW1 9 FP-6 HVAC SA Pressure Switch AHU2 Rm 123
SW2 10 FP-13
SW3 11 FP-7
Cntl 12 INT Femto Zone Radon
Cnt2 13 FP-5 Femto Radon in Rm 123
Cnt3 14 FP-12 Femto Radon in Rm 124
Dp#l High Subslab
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
Dp#4 High MR Rml23
Low AHU2 RA Tap
59
-------
IAQDS5
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Audtrum Label Colors: lst:Lt.Blue
5 • 2nd: White
5
J55 in Rm 139
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
1 INT
2 INT
3 FP-2
4 FP-9
Dp#l Zone to Subslab (Rml39) +-0.1
Dp#2 Zone to Lobby +-0.1
Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-0.5
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RH
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC8 8 FP-3
SW1
SW2
SW3
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
9 FP-6
10 FP-13
11 FP-7
12 INT
13 FP-5
14 FP-12
Femto
Fern to
Zone Radon
Radon Rm 139
Dp#l High Subslab (Rml39)
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
60
-------
IAQDS6
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 235 Label Colors: lst:Green
1 ' 2nd:Lt.Blue
6
J122
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
1
INT
Dp#l Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC2
2
INT
Dp#2 1st Lobby to 2nd Lobby
ADC3
3
FP-2
Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC4
4
FP-9
Dp#4 Annubar AHU5 Rm 238
ADC5
5
INT
Zone Temp
ADC6
6
INT
Zone RH
ADC7
7
INT
Zone C02
ADC8
8
FP-3
HVAC RA Temp AHU3 Rm 187
SW1
9
FP-6
HVAC SA Pressure Switch AHU5
SW2
10
FP-13
SW3
11
FP-7
Cntl
12
INT
Femto Zone Radon
Cnt2
13
FP-5
Cnt3
14
FP-12
0-0.5
Dp#l High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#2 High 2nd Floor Lobby
Low 1st Floor Lobby
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
Dp#4 High MR Rm238
Low AHU5 RA Tap
61
-------
IAQDS7
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 342 Label Colors: lst:Red
2 ' 2nd. Green
7
J87
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1 1 INT Dp#l Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC2 2 INT Dp#2 Zone to Outside -0.67 to +2.0
ADC3 3 FP-2 HVAC SA Temp AHU8
ADC4 4 FP-9 HVACSARHAHU8
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RH
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC 8 8 FP-3 HVAC SA RH AHU2
SW1 9 FP-6 HVAC SA Press Switch AHU6 Rm 364
SW2 10 FP-13
SW3 11 FP-7
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
12
13
14
INT
FP-5
FP-12
Femto Zone Radon
Dp#l High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Outside
Low Zone
62
-------
IAQDS8
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 313 Label Colors: lst:Red
1 ' 2nd:Lt.Blue
8
J127A(Rm314)
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
1
INT
ADC2
2
INT
ADC3
3
FP-2
ADC4
4
FP-9
ADC5
5
INT
ADC 6
6
INT
ADC7
7
INT
ADC8
8
FP-3
SW1
9
FP-6
SW2
10
FP-13
SW3
11
FP-7
Cntl
12
INT
Cnt2
13
FP-5
Cnt3
14
FP-12
Dp#l Zone to Lobby +-0.1
Dp#2 Zone to Outside -0.67 to +2.0
HVAC SA Temp AHU9 Rm414
HVAC SA RH AHU9 Rm 414
Zone Temp
Zone RH
Zone C02
HVAC RA RH AHU3 Rm 187
HVAC SA Press Switch AHU7 Rm 316
Femto Zone Radon
Dp#l High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Outside
Low Zone
63
-------
IAQDS9
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
SW 5th Label Colors: 1st:White
2 1 2nd: Green
9
J139
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
1
INT
Dp#l Zone to Elevator Shaft +-1.0
ADC2
2
INT
Dp#2 Zone to Outside -0.67 to +2.0
ADC3
3
FP-2
HVAC RA Temp AHU11 NE MR
ADC4
4
FP-9
HVAC RA RH AHU11 NE MR
ADC5
5
INT
Zone Temp
ADC6
6
INT
Zone RH
ADC7
7
INT
Zone C02
ADC8
8
FP-3
HVAC SARH AHU11
SW1
9
FP-6
HVAC SA Press Switch AHU10 SW MR
SW2
10
FP-13
N Elevator Operation Switch (R/B to #2 Right)
SW3
11
FP-7
S Elevator Operation Switch (G/W to #1 Left)
Cntl
12
INT
Femto Zone Radon
Cnt2
13
FP-5
Cnt3
14
FP-12
Dp#l High Elevator Shaft
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Outside
Low Zone
64
-------
IAQDS10
Data Station Location: NE-5th
Station No.: 1
Data Logger ID#: 10
Modem Jack ID No: J90
Label Colors: 1st:White
1 2nd:Lt.Blue
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7
ADC8
SW1
SW2
SW3
1 INT Dp#l Zone to Top of Atrium +-0.1
2 INT Dp#2 Zone to Attic +-0.1
3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside -0.67 to +2.0
4 FP-9 Dp#4 4th Lobby to Top of Atrium +-0.1
5 INT Zone Temp
6 INT Zone RH
7 INT Zone C02
8 FP-3 HVAC SA Temp AHU11
9 FP-6 HVAC SA Press Switch NE MR AHU11
10 FP-13
11 FP-7
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
12 INT
13 FP-5
14 FP-12
Femto Zone Radon
Dp#l High Top of Atrium
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Attic
Low Zone
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
Dp#4 High Top of Atrium
Low 4th Floor Lobby
65
-------
IAQDS11
Data Station Location: Rm 289
Station No.: 2
Data Logger ID#: 11
Modem Jack ID No: J41
Label Colors: lst:Green
* 2nd:Green
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1 1 INT Dp#l Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC2 2 INT Dp#2 RA Static Pressure AHU4 Rm211A 0
ADC3 3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC4 4 FP-9 Remote Dp Annubar AHU2 Rm 123 0 - 0.5
or HVAC RA RH AHU2 Rm 123
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RH
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC8 8 FP-3 HVAC RA Temp AHU2 Rm 123
SW1 9 FP-6 HVAC SA Press Switch AHU4 Rm 211A
SW2 10 FP-13
SW3 11 FP-7
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
12 INT
13 FP-5
14 FP-12
Femto Zone Radon
Dp#l High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#2 High MR Rm211A
Low AHU4 RA Tap
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
66
-------
IAQDS12
Data Station Location: Rm 415 Label Colors: lst:Orange
Station No.: 1 ' 2nd:Lt.Blue
Data Logger ID#: 12
Modem Jack ID No: J62
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1 1 INT Dp#l Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC2 2 INT Dp#2 4th Lobby to 2nd Lobby +-0.1
ADC3 3 FP-2 Dp#3 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC4 4 FP-9 HVAC RA Temp AHU9 Rm 414
ADC5 5 INT Zone Temp
ADC6 6 INT Zone RH
ADC7 7 INT Zone C02
ADC8 8 FP-3 HVAC RA RH AHU9 Rm 414
SW1 9 FP-6 HVAC SA Press Switch AHU9 Rm 414
SW2 10 FP-13
SW3 11 FP-7
Cntl
Cnt2
Cnt3
12 INT
13 FP-5
14 FP-12
Femto Zone Radon
Dp#l High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#2 High 4th Floor Lobby
Low 2nd Floor Lobby
Dp#3 High Outside
Low Zone
67
-------
IAQDS13
Data Station Location:
Station No.:
Data Logger ID#:
Modem Jack ID No:
Rm 445 Label Colors: lst:Orange
2 ' 2nd: Green
13
J75
Channel Calib Connect
ID Menu ID# To Function
ADC1
1
INT
Dp#l Zone to Lobby +-0.1
ADC2
2
INT
Dp#2 Zone to Outside +-1.0
ADC3
3
FP-2
HVAC RA Temp AHU8 Rm 454
ADC4
4
FP-9
HVAC RA RH AHU8 Rm 454
ADC 5
5
INT
Zone Temp
ADC6
6
INT
Zone RH
ADC7
7
INT
Zone C02
ADC8
8
FP-3
SW1
9
FP-6
HVAC SA Press Switch AHU8 Rm
SW2
10
FP-13
SW3
11
FP-7
Cntl
12
INT
Femto Zone Radon
Cnt2
13
FP-5
Cnt3
14
FP-12
Dp#l High Lobby
Low Zone
Dp#2 High Outside
Low Zone
68
-------
Appendix B. Average Continuous Radon Levels Measured With The IAQDS Units
69
-------
Polk County Administration Building
First Floor Radon Levels
25-
OC1: Baseline
0C2: Maximum OA
04/16
05/26
3 OA Fans Installed jAHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHl)3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
OC3: Minimum OA
»
I
07/05
05/06
06/15
Date
08/14
07/25
Rm 124 A Rm 182
Rm 154 — Rm 138
Rm 187
70
-------
Polk County Administration Building
First Floor Radon Levels
25'
OC1
20-
15-
10-
5-
: Baseline
OC2: Maximum
OC3: Minimum OA
T
05/16
Date
05/01
05/06
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/26
Rm 124A
Rm 154
Rm 182
Rm 138
Rm 187
71
-------
Polk County Administration Building
First Floor Radon Levels
07/05
3lOA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
07/15
Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
J
07/25
07/10
07/20
Date
08/04
07/30
Rm 124A
Rm 154
Rm 182
Rm 138
Rm 187
72
-------
Polk County Administration Building
Rrst Floor Radon Levels
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
dC3: Minimum OA
04/16
3 OA
Fans Installed lAHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
05/26
07/05
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
08/14
Rm 119 Rm 123 Rm 124
Aud. Rm 139
73
-------
Polk County Administration Building
First Floor Radon Levels
OC1: Baseline
0C2: MaximumiOA
20-
OC3: Minimum OA
15-
10-
05/26
04/25
05/06
05/16
05/01 05/11 05/21
Date
Rm 119 Rm 123 Rm 124
Aud. —— Rm 139
74
-------
07/05
07/10
Polk County Administration Building
First Floor Radon Levels
OA Fans Installed AHU s 1,2,3
-an AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
07/15
07/25
08/04
07/20
Date
07/30
Rm 119
Aud.
Rm 123
Rm 139
Rm 124
75
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Radon Levels
3 OA'FansTri'stalTed ;AHOrsT,"273
I "OA'Fan'AHd'3'Faried'
NewOAtan'AHlJS
OCT: Baseline
OC"2: Maximum OA
0C3: MsnirnunrOA ,?
fr-i-.-r
fir,J if. * iiiit:
ITiM'.'
iilfi-y;;
1'" Iim ;
04/16
05/26
07/05
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
08/14
Rm 235
Rm 289
76
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Radon Levels
•"Baseline
OCi
8-
pezrMaximu'm
OA'
o
o.
a>
>
o 4-
"D
e
05/06
05/26
05/16
04/26
05/01 05/11 05/21
Date
Rm 235 Rm 289
77
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Radon Levels
•SlOATans Installed AHOTT^ST
OAFarfAHUSTatled
'New'O'ATan'AHUS
_j
o
a
5
3
c
o
"C
o
cc
07/15
08/04
07/25
07/05
07/10 07/20 07/30
Date
Rm 235 Rm 289
78
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Radon Levels
s Tn staTfe i J; AHOrsl7273'
Ff ar
OCSfMaxImumOA'
USTailed'
C A
OfC3':"M rfiTm u m'QA'
New "0/ q Fan "AWU3
05/26
04/16
08/14
07/05
05/06 06/15 07/25
Date
Rm 342 Rm 313
79
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Radon Levels
"OGST'MaxFmumTOA'
OC3: MrhTmum 'OA
o
a
c
o
"O
e
cc
05/26
05/06
05/16
04/26
05/01 05/11 05/21
Date
Rm 342 Rm 313
80
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Radon Levels
FstalTied'AHG sj1T273'; {
tew'"0'A"Fa'n"|li
OA;Fan'AHUfFaiTe
.3
o 4-
c 3-
07/15
08/04
07/05
07/25
07/10 07/20 07/30
Date
Rm 342 Rm 313
81
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Radon Levels
10-
QC'iT'Baselme
^OC'2':"Ma'xTmum"DA"
ohrMImmWOA"
3"D«'FaFiFmstar5
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Radon Levels
DCSrWaximuWO'ft
UC3':"Mmtmurri'"0'A'
o
a
c
o
~c
a
cc
05/06
05/26
05/16
04/26
05/01 05/11 05/21
Date
Rm 415 Rm 445
83
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Radon Levels
"3lOA~Fans InstalleHTtfTOTT^
"OArF'an"A'HD3"Faire'd
New"QA"Fan""AHU3"
o
a.
a>
>
c
o
~o
CO
CC
08/04
07/05
07/15
07/25
07/10 07/20 07/30
Date
Rm 415 Rm 445
84
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Radon Levels
"O'C'iTBa'selme
"0C2T'Maxrmum'0A'
C^3":'MmTmum"OA'"
"3"D^'F^i¥Tnstene3]AHars"T;2^'
t"-0ATan'AHa^'Fane3'
••New'OATan'AWUS
I
1
04/16
05/26
07/05
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
08/14
SW 5th
NE 5 th
85
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Radon Levels
O'Cl
FBaseiine
D'C2':"Waxrmum"0"A'
04/26
05/06
05/26
05/16
05/01 05/11 05/21
Date
SW 5th NE 5th
86
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Radon Levels
OA Fans InstaIljecrAHOTTi'2,'3"
8-
"OATan""AHU3"Fairecr
New"0A"Fan""'AHU3'
o
a
c
o
XI
o
cc
4-
07/15
07/05
07/25
08/04
07/10 07/20 07/30
Date
SW 5th NE 5th
87
-------
Appendix C. Average Continuous Temperatures Measured With the IAQDS Units
88
-------
Polk County Administration Building
1st Floor Temperatures
90-
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
04/16
New OA Fan AHU3
05/26
07/05
05/06
06/15
Date
08/14
07/25
Room 124 A
Room 119
Room 182
Auditorium
Room 154
89
-------
Polk County Administration Building
1st Floor Temperatures
OC1
OC2: Maximum OA
80-
75-
70-
65-
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/01
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room124A Room 182 Room 154
Room 119 - Auditorium
90
-------
Polk County Administration Building
1 st Floor Temperatures
90-
85-
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
..''j
LW
r>.
A
H . fT: p!
BflWCFM
3
| 75-
a>
a.
E
a>
Ws
70-
65-
60-
07/10
07/20
07/30
07/15
07/25
Date
08/04
08/09
Room 124A Room 182 Room 154
Room 119 Auditorium
91
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Temperatures
85-
OC1: Baseline
*2: Maximum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
04/16
05/06
05/26
06/15
Date
07/05
08/14
07/25
Room 235
Room 289
92
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Temperatures
Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/06
05/16
Date
05/31
05/26
Room 235 Room 289
93
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Temperatures
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
70-
65-
07/20
07/30
08/09
07/10
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 235 Room 289
94
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Temperatures
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
"7 NewOA^anAHU3
85-
80-
75-
65-
04/16
05/26
07/05
08/14
05/06 06/15 07/25
Date
Room 342 Room 313
95
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Temperatures
: Baseline
0C2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/06
05/16
Date
05/26
Room 342 Room 313
96
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Temperatures
eo-(
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
85
New OA Fan AHU3
c: 80-
,0
2
| 75-f
a>
Q.
E
o
»- 70+
wvv.
65-
60 H 1 1 1 1 1
07/10 07/20 07/30 08/09
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 342 Room 313
97
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Temperatures
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
OC3: Minimum OA
New OA Fan AHU3
04/16
05/06
05/26
06/15
Date
07/05
08/14
07/25
Room 415 Room 445
98
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Temperatures
OC1
OC2: Maximum OA
65
OC3: Minimum OA
80-
70-
65-
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/01
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room 415 — Room 445
99
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Temperatures
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
85-
New OA Fan AHU3
80-
70-
65-
07/20
07/10
07/30
08/09
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 415 Room 445
100
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Temperatures
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
i
r
04/16
05/06
05/26
07/05
08/14
06/15
Date
07/25
SW 5th NE 5th
101
-------
65-
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Temperatures
OC1
85i*
80-
75-
70-
Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
m
60-
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/06
05/16
Date
05/31
05/26
SW 5th NE 5th
102
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Temperatures
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
85-
80-
u_ uu
07/20
07/30
07/10
08/09
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
SW 5th NE 5th
103
-------
Appendix D. Average Continuous Relative Humidities Measured With The IAQDS Units
104
-------
80-
70-
- 60-
&
2
E
3
I
0
>
O
0)
cc
Polk County Administration Building
1st Floor Relative Humidities
50-
"S 40-
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
3 OA Farjs Installed AHU's 1,2,3
C A Fan AHU3 Failed
30-
OC3: Minimum OA
New OA Fan AHU3
20-
04/16
05/26
05/06
06/15
Date
07/05
08/14
07/25
Room 124A Room 182 Room 154 .
Room 119 Auditorium
105
-------
Polk County Administration Building
1st Floor Relative Humidities
1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
•
.... , I- ¦ ¦ , — ¦ i—
!
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/06
05/16
Date
05/31
05/26
Room 124 A Room 182 Room 154
Room 119 Auditorium
106
-------
80-
70-
£ 60i-
&
TS
E
50-
¦s 40-
3
I
I
i5
0)
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Relative Humidities
80
70
OC1: Baseline
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OC2: Maximum OA
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
OC3: Minimum OA
New OA Fan AHU3
50-
&
E
3
I
I
e
"5> 40-1
cc
30-
m
20-
04/16
05/26
07/05
08/14
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
Room 235 Room 289
108
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Relative Humidities
: Baseline
05/01
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/06
05/16
Date
05/26
Room 235
Room 289
109
-------
Polk County Administration Building
2nd Floor Relative Humidities
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
70-
40-
30-
07/20
08/09
07/10
07/30
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 235 — Room 289
110
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Relative Humidities
80-
70-
04/16
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
05/26
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
£ 60
0) 40
07/05
08/14
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
Room 342 Room 313
111
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Roor Relative Humidities
80-
OC1
: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
70-
"O
30-
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room 342 Room 313
112
-------
Polk County Administration Building
3rd Floor Relative Humidities
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed __
New OA Fan AHU3
70-
60-
= 50-
30-
07/20
08/09
07/30
07/10
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 342 Room 313
113
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Relative Humidities
70-
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA__
OC3: Minimum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
0) 40~
20-
04/16
05/06
05/26
06/15
Date
07/05
08/14
07/25
Room 415
Room 445
114
-------
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Relative Humidities
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
05/01
05/11
05/06
05/21
05/31
05/16
Date
05/26
Room 415 — Room 445
115
-------
80-
70-
e 60-
50--
40-
30-
20-
07/10
Polk County Administration Building
4th Floor Relative Humidities
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
/JW,
07/20
07/30
08/09
07/15
07/25
Date
08/04
Room 415 —— Room 445
116
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Relative Humidities
OC1: Baseline
OC2: Maximum OA
OC3: Minimum OA
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
04/16
05/26
05/06
06/15
Date
07/05
08/14
07/25
SW 5th
NE 5th
117
-------
Polk County Administration Building
5th Floor Relative Humidifies
OC1
OC2: Maximum OA
70-
30-
05/11
05/01
05/21
05/31
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
SW 5th NE 5th
118
-------
Appendix E. Average Continuous C02 Levels Measured With The IAQDS Units
119
-------
2000-
1800--
1600-
1400-
& 1200-
c
o
T5 1000-
800-
c
a>
o
c
O 600-
400-
200-
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 1st Root
i •
OC|l: Baselin^
OA;pans Installed jAHU's 1,2,3
; OA Fan AHU2I Failed
I?!
wfcxicrii. mC
I
iw Ok Fan AHU3
U-
04/16
05/26
07/05
08/14
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
Room 124A Room 182 Room 154
—— Room 119 Auditorium
120
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 1st Floor
2000-
OC1
1800-
: Baseline
1600-
g 1400-
a i2oo-
c
o
s 1000--
800-
600-
400-
200-
05/01
05/11
05/31
05/21
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room 124A Room 182 - Room 154
Room 119 Auditorium
121
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 1st Floor
1800-
1600-
1400-
1200-
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
07/10
07/15
OAiFan AHU3 Failed S
I-
5
j! New OA Fan i^HU3
I
07/20
07/30
08/09
07/25
Date
08/04
Room 124 A Room 182 Room 154
Room 119 Auditorium
122
-------
2000-
1800-
1600-
~ 1400-
Q.
& 1200-
c
o
5 1000-
c
0)
o
c
o
O
800-
600-
400-
200-
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 2nd Floor
OC1: Baseline
3 OAlFans InstalledlAHU's 1,2,3
04/16
OC2: Maximum OA
Ot3: Minimum OA
| OA Fan AHl)3 Failed
New OA £an AHU3
05/26
07/05
08/14
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
Room 235 Room 289
123
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 2nd Roor
2000-1
OC1: Baseline
1800
0C2: Maximum: OA
1600
OC3: Minimum OA
~ 1400
a
& 1200
c
o
1000
s
§ 800
c
o
o 600
400
200
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/31
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room 235 Room 289
124
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 2nd Floor
2000
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
1800
OA;Fan AHU3 Failed
1600
New OA Fan AHU3
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
07/10
07/20
07/30
08/09
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 235 Room 289
125
-------
2000
E
a
a
c
o
c
0)
o
c
o
o
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 3rd Floor
Fans Installed
AHU's 1,2,3
OC1: Baseline
1800-
Maxi
3 Failed
OA Fan AHl
mum OA
New OA
an AHU3
^3: Minimum
1200-
1000-
800-
I
600-
04/16
05/26
07/05
08/14
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
Room 342
Room 313
126
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 3rd Floor
2000
OC1: Baseline
1800
QC2: Maximum
OA
1600-
OC3: Minimum OA
1400-
1000-
800-
400
200-
Oi 1 1 1 1 1
05/01 05/11 05/21 05/31
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room 342 Room 313
127
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 3rd Root
2000
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
1800
OA!Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
07/10
07/20
07/30
08/09
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 342 Room 313
128
-------
2000-
E
a
a
c
o
c
a>
o
c
o
O
1800
16001
1400
1200-
1000-
800-
600-
400-
200-
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 4th Floor
OC1: Baseline
3 OAlFans InstalledlAHU's 1,2,3
OC2: Maximum OA
04/16
OC3: Minimum OA
i }; :
IS I
I- •
w u
[f
05/26
05/06
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
New OA Fan AHU3
07/05
08/14
06/15
Date
07/25
Room 415 Room 445
129
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 4th Floor
2000-
OC1
1800-
Baseline
6C2: Maximum! OA
1600
OC3: Minimum OA
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
05/21
05/31
05/01
05/11
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
Room 415 Room 445
130
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 4th Floor
2000
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,3
1800
OA: Fan AHU3 Failed
1600
New OA Fan AHU3
1400-
1200-
1000-
800
600
400
200-
07/10 07/20 07/30 08/09
07/15 07/25 08/04
Date
Room 415 Room 445
131
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 5th Floor
2000
E
Q.
O.
c
o
c
0>
o
c
o
o
OC1: Baseline
Fans InstalledjAHU s 1,2,3
1800-
OA Fan AHU3 Failed
OC2: Maximum OA
1600-
New OA Fan AHU3
3: Minimum OA
1400-
1200-
1000-
800-
w;U#|Bwra'"
600-
04/16
05/26
07/05
08/14
05/06
06/15
Date
07/25
SW 5th NE 5th
132
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 5th Floor
2000-
OC1
1800-
: Baseline
0C2: Maximum! OA
1600-
OC3: Minimum OA
1400-
1200-
1000-
800-
600-
400-
200-
05/31
05/01
05/11
05/21
05/06 05/16 05/26
Date
SW 5th NE 5th
133
-------
Polk County Administration Building
C02 Levels on 5th Floor
2000
3 OA Fans Installed AHU's 1,2,5
OAlFan AHU3 Fai ed
New OA Fan AHU3
S 1200
S 1000
P I i > I H • M! WJ i i i i ii I I ! i
I! Vj v U V ^_i - U U ^ I
07/10
07/20
07/30
07/15
07/25
Date
08/04
08/09
SW 5th
NE 5th
134
------- |