EPA-600 /Rr96-126
October 1996
RAETRAD-F: VERSION 1.1 USER'S GUIDE FOR
ANALYZING SITE-SPECIFIC MEASUREMENTS OF
SOIL RADON POTENTIAL CATEGORY FOR FLORIDA HOUSES
Task A-2 Final Report
by
Vern Rogers. Kirk K. Nielsen, Vein C. Rogers, and Rodger B. Holt
Rogers & Associates Engineering Corporation
P.O. Box 330
Salt Lake City, UT 84110-0330
DC A Agreement 95RD-30-13-00-22-001
(University of Florida Subcontract)
F.PA Interagency Agreement RWFL 933783
DCA Project Officer: Mohammad Madani
Florida Department of Community Affairs
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, FL 32399
EPA Project Officer: David C. Sanchez
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
University of Florida Project Directors: John F. Alexander and Paul D. Zwick
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
431 ARCH, University of Florida
Gainesville, F1 • 32611
Prepared for:
Florida Department of Community Affairs
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, PL 32399
and
IJ. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
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FOREWORD
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with pro-
tecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national
environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions lead-
ing to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural
systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research
program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental pro-
blems today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our eco-
logical resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and pre-
vent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency's center for
investigation of technological and management approaches for reducing risks
from threats to human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's
research program is on methods for the prevention and control of pollution to air,
land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water
systems; remediation of contaminated sites and groundwater; and prevention and
control of indoor air pollution. The goal of this research effort is to catalyze
development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental
technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to
support regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and infor-
mation transfer to ensure effective implementation of environmental regulations
and strategies.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-
term research plan. It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Re-
search and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers
with their clients.
E. Timothy Cppelt, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been peer and administratively reviewed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information
Service/Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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TABLE OP CONTENTS
Chapter Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Background and Purpose 1-1
1.2 The RAETRAD Algorithm 1-3
1.3 Operating Environment 1-4
1.4 Installation 1-5 .
1.5 Application 1-5
2 USING RAETRAD-F 2-1,
2.1 Site Location and User Information 2-1
2.2 Soil Radium Profile 2-3
2.3 Soil Density Profile 2-4
2.4 Soil Texture Profile 2-5 ,
2.5 Soil Gas Measurements 2-6
2.6 Water Table Depths 2-6
2.7 Data Processing 2-7
3 RAETRAD-F RESULTS 3-1
4 SAMPLE PROBLEMS 4-1
5 REFERENCES 5-1
APPENDIX A » EXAMPLE RAETRAD-F OUTPUT A-l
ii
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1. INTRODUCTION
The RAETRAD-F computer code (RAdon Emanation and TRAnsport into Dwellings-Florida)
provides a simple means of analyzing site-specific soil measurements to estimate upper-limit indoor
radon concentrations in a reference house at a site. The code uses data from measured soil radium
profiles, soil density and texture properties, water table depths, and soil radon concentrations to
estimate the potential indoor radon concentrations. It also identifies the site's radon potential
category for use in lieu of its radon protection map designation.
This users' guide describes the installation and use of the RAETRAD-F computer program.
This chapter gives the background and purpose for which RAETRAD-F was developed. It also
describes the RAETRAD-F algorithm, RAETRAD-F's operating environment, and installation
procedures. Chapter 2 gives a step-by-step description of each question posed by RAETRAD-F
along with the appropriate responses Chapter 3 describes the output printed and stored by
RAETRAD-F. Chapter 4 presents several sample problems to help illustrate different options and
determine proper function of the software. The different site characteristics to model sample cases
and the analysis results are also described. The user should consult separate reports for site-specific
test protocols (Nie96b) or the mathematical development of the RAETRAD theory (Nie94a).
1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Radon (222Rn) gas from the decay of naturally occurring radium^6 Ra) in soils can enter
buildings through their foundations If the radon entry rate is elevated and the building is not well
ventilated, radon can accumulate to levels that can significantly increase the occupants' risk of lung
cancer with chronic exposure. The degree of health risk is proportional to the long-term average
level of radon exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency attributes 7,000 to 30,000 lung
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cancer fatalities annually to radon, and recommends remedial action if indoor radon levels average
4 picocuries/liter or higher (EPA92a, EPA92b).
The Florida Department of Community Affairs, under the Florida Radon Research Program
(FRRP), has developed radon-protective building standards to reduce radon-related health risks
(DCA94). For residences, these standards are given in the Florida Standard for Passive
Radon-Resistant New Residential Building Construction (DCA95) This standard requires passive
radon barriers in counties that adopt the standard. An earlier version of the standard (DCA94)
contained more detailed requirements for both passive and active radon controls in areas identified
by a radon protection map to have elevated radon potential Although no longer part of the adopted
standard, the radon protection map and the related system for selecting different levels of radon
control still provide useful guidance for residential radon control. A protocol was also developed
under the FRRP (Nie96b) for measuring the soil radon potential category of specific sites in a way
that corresponds to the radon protection map designations (Nie96a).
The former standard required passive radon barriers and active sub-slab ventilation to reduce
radon entry in regions that are prone to elevated radon levels. Regions requiring radon controls in
new house construction are identified by red or yellow areas on the Florida Radon Protection Map
(DCA94). Regions where radon levels in a reference house could exceed 8.3 picocuries/liter at a
95-percent confidence limit are identified as RED regions, requiring both active and passive
radon-protective features. Regions where radon levels could exceed 4.0 picocuries/liter at a
95-percent confidence limit but not exceed 8 3 picocuries/liter are identified as YELLOW regions,
requiring only passive radon-protective features. Regions with projected radon levels below 4.0
picocuries/liter at a 95-percent confidence limit require no special building features beyond those
required by existing building codes. These regions are identified as GREEN regions.
While the radon protection maps give convenient regional guidance on the need for special
radon controls in new houses, the building standard also recognizes measurements of the radon
potential category of particular sites (DCA94). Although site-specific analyses are not generally
required, they can give valuable guidance in some cases. For example, a prospective builder may
know of or suspect anomalous conditions at a site (from previous land use, soil or mineral
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observations, etc.) that could increase the radon potential above its mapped category. Alternatively,
the builder may have reason to suspect that the land has lower radon potential than its mapped
category, leading to the desire to reduce or eliminate radon controls unless they are specifically shown
to be needed. In either case, site-specific tests could help lead to a more informed decision. The
decision should also consider the relative costs of using conservative radon controls versus testing,
as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance on further reducing radon levels even
in the 0-to-4-picocuries/liter range (EPA92b).
The RAETRAD-F computer code was developed for the Florida Department of Community
Affairs to analyze the site-specific measurements produced by the FRRP protocol. The code's
objective is to interpret the measurements in terms of the radon potential category of the site (red,
yellow, or green) in a way that is consistent with the radon protection maps. RAETRAD-F is a
special version of the more general RAETRAD code (Nie94b). It contains the reference house and
corresponding radium, water table, and statistical analyses that correspond to the radon protection
map calculations (Nie96b). RAETRAD-F uses measured radium concentrations, soil density and
texture, water table depths, and soil gas radon concentrations to estimate potential indoor radon
levels and the radon potential category of a site.
1.2 THE RAETRAD ALGORITHM
RAETRAD-F computes potential indoor radon concentrations as used in the radon protection
map. It first calculates the geometric means and geometric standard deviations of the measured soil
radium concentrations. It also determines the seasonal water table distribution as it was defined for
the Florida Radon Protection Maps (Nie95). It then uses this information to compute best estimates
of indoor radon concentrations for the different seasonal water table conditions. After determining
the geometric mean annual radon concentration in the reference house from seasonal values, the
variations among seasonal conditions and among the radium concentrations are used to estimate the
potential radon concentration in the reference house at a 95-percent confidence limit
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RAETRAD-F employs an efficient, numerical-analytical algorithm to solve the steady-state
air flow and radon generation and transport equations in two-dimensional, elliptical-cylindrical
geometry. It uses complete, multiphase equations (Rog91, Rog93) to account for radon generation;
radon exchange among solid, liquid and gas phases; and radon transport by diffusion
(concentration-driven) and advection (with pressure-driven air flow).
1.3 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
RAETRAD-F is designed to operate in the Microsoft® Disk Operating System (MS-DOS)
environment only. As such, it will not operate under the Microsoft® Windows Operating
environment. It is recommended that the code be installed on a Microsoft/lntel personal computer
system equipped with a math co-processor, at least 4 Mbytes of RAM, and a printer.
The following description of RAETRAD-F installation, along with certain parts of this users'
guide, assume user familiarity with the MS-DOS (file copying, deleting, etc.). The MS-DOS manuals
should be consulted regarding any unfamiliar procedures.
Although present arrangements do not provide for active technical support (such as telephone
support) for RAETRAD-F users by Rogers and Associates Engineering Corporation (RAE), RAE
welcomes written user comments. These comments should be sent to:
RAETRAD-F Comments
RAE Corp.
P.O. Box 330
Salt Lake City, UT 84110-0330
Any correspondence related to RAETRAD-F that requires a response should be directed to the
Florida Department of Community Affairs.
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1.4 INSTALLATION
Before installing RAETRAD-F, it is recommended that one or more backup copies be made.
RAETRAD-F software incorporates no special copy protection; therefore, standard backup
procedures are adequate. After making a backup copy, the original RAETRAD-F disk should be
stored in a safe place The backup should be used for installing and running RAETRAD-F.
To install RAETRAD-F on either a floppy or hard disk system, simply copy the files from the
backup copy of the RAETRAD-F disk to the desired location. No other special installation
procedures are necessary.
1.5 APPLICATION
RAE developed version 1.1 of RAETRAD-F exclusively for use with the Florida Standard
for Radon-Resistant Residential Construction. The potential radon concentrations reported by
RAETRAD-F for the reference house represent upper-limit values only and should not be considered
as annual averages. Users wishing to model general radon generation, transport, and entry for other
houses and soil conditions should use the original version of the RAETRAD computer code (Nie94b).
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2. USING RAETRAD-F
This chapter describes the steps involved in using RAETRAD-F RAETRAD-F is designed
with a MS-DOS based user-friendly interface for simple, intuitive use. This interface allows the
program to instruct and assist users as they move through each step of the code. This chapter
presents a sample dialog with RAETRAD-F for analyzing a data set. This dialog can be used to test
RAETRAD-F for correct operation after it has been installed
Once the installation procedure described in Chapter 1 has been successfully completed,
RAETRAD-F can be started by simply typing RAETRADF at the DOS prompt and pressing the
or key. At the start of program execution, the following screen is displayed.
RAETRAD-F ( lorida)
by
Rogers & Associates Engineering Corporation
for
The Florida Department of Community Affairs
2.1 SITE LOCATION AND USER INFORMATION
Once the user has pressed the key, RAETRAD-F clears the screen and asks for
the user name, property location, and the name of the company that performed the onsite
measurements. Depending on the location being evaluated, the site location can either be entered as
a subdivision/lot number or an actual street address. The key must be pressed after the
entry on each line (shown in the following screen in bold type).
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USER AND LOCATION INFORMATION
Name of the person entering this data
—»
John Doa
Name/Company performing measurements
—~
ABC Engineers
tested property location
133 Anybtreat
county
Anycounty
zipcode
—»
1334S
As with all RAETRAD-F input, once this information is entered, RAETRAD-F asks
the user to verily the information for correctness. Any changes in site/user information can
be made at this time by entering the line number of the required change. The user is then
prompted for the correct information for that line. For example, if the user name is entered
incorrectly, the following screen display allows the user to correct the information by pressing
1, followed by .
VERIFICATION OF USER INFORMATION
1. User name
John Doe
2. Sampler name
—»
ABC Engineers
3. PROPERTY
Location
->
123 Anystreet
4. County
->
Anycounty
5-. Zipcode
->
12345
ENTER LINE TO CORRECT
(=0=none) : 1
ENTER CORRECT INFORMATION:
Jane Doe
When the correct information for the specified line has been entered, the user is then
requested to verify the user/location information.
VERIFICATION OF USER INFORMATION
1. User name
—>
Jane Doe
2. Sampler name
—>
ABC Engineers
3. PROPERTY
Location
-*
123 Anystreet
4. County
-4
Anycounty
5. Zipcode
12345
ENTER LINE TO CORRECT
(=0=none) :
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When all of the desired changes have been made, the user can proceed with the analysis by
either pressing the key or selecting line number 0.
22. SOIL RADIUM PROFILE
The next information RAETRAD-F requests deals with the soil samples and radium
concentrations at the test site. Radium concentrations are entered for samples from at least
one and at most five boreholes. The number of boreholes is entered first, as shown on the
following screen display.
SITE CHARACTERISTICS
Number of bore holes drilled (= 1 rain, 5 max) —» 1
For each borehole, RAETRAD-F requests the measured radium concentration in picocuries
per gram for the soil between 0 and 2 feet, 2 and 4 feet, 4 and 6 feet, and 6 and 8 feet below
the surface.
RADIUM MEASURED IN HOLE #1
Cone, in pCi/g @ 0 - 2 ft =0.3
—>
1.0
Cone, in pCi/g 0 2 - 4 ft =0.3
—»
1.2
Cone, in pCi/g 9 4 - 6 ft =0.3
—~
1.4
Cone, in pCi/g © 6 - 8 ft =0.3
—>
1.2
As with the user/location information, this information is entered and then verified for each
borehole. If only one borehole was sampled at the test site, two measurements from surface
grab samples must also be entered (Nie96b).
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VERIFICATION OP MEASURED RADIUM FOR
HOLE 1
1. Cone.
in pCi/g @ 0
- 2
ft
1.0
2. Cone.
in pCi/g @ 2
- 4
ft
-* 1.2
3. Cone.
in pCi/g @ 4
- 6
ft
->1.4
4. Cone.
in pCi/g 9 6
- 8
ft
—~ 1.2
SURFACE GRAB SAMPLES
Cone. in
pCi/g for #1.
=0.3
-> 1.1
Cone, in pCi/g for #2.
=0.3
-> 1.0
2.3 SOIL DENSITY PROFILE
The soil density information can be entered into RAETRAD-F by borehole and depth
(as with the radium concentrations), as a single value for each depth horizon, or as one
overall average site vadue.
Do you wish to enter the measured dry densities for:
<1} each sample and depth
(2) each depth horizon
(3) site as a whole
Choice (=3) -> 2
If the densities are entered for each depth horizon, RAETRAD-F requests a site
average density for all of the soil between 0 and 2 feet, 2 and 4 feet, 4 and 6 feet, and 6 and
8 feet.
DRY DENSITY
MEASURED BY HORIZON
Dry density
in g/cc 0 0 - 2 ft =1.6
—>
1.6
Dry density
in g/cc @ 2 - 4 ft =1.6
1.7
Dry density
in g/cc 0 4 - 6 ft =1.6
—^
1.6S
Dry density
in g/cc 6 6 - 8 ft =1.6
1.58
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When selecting the average site dry density data option, RAETRAD-F will use a
default value of 1.6 if no other value is entered.
Average Site Dry Density (g/cc) =1.6 -> 1.58
2.4 SOIL TEXTTTRF, PROFITS
As with the dry density data, the soil texture information can also be entered into
RAETRAD-F for each borehole and depth, for each depth horizon as a whole, or as one
average site value.
Do you wish to enter the soil textures for:
!1) each sample and depth
(2) each depth horizon
(3) site as a whole
Choice (=3) -> 3
The average site soil texture must be assigned to 1 of the 12 soil textural classes
defined by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS75).
SOIL TEXTURES
1. Sand
5.
Sandy Clay
9.
Clay
2. Loamy
Sand
6.
Loam
10.
Silty Clay Loam
3. Sandy
Loam
7 .
Clay Loam
11.
Silty Clay
4. Sandy
Clay
Loam 8.
Silty Loam
12.
Silt
(indicate the
corresponding
integer to
select a given texture)
Average site
soil
texture =Sand -» 1
As with other input, when the soil textures have been specified, RAETRAD-F requests
verification to ensure that the data entered are correct.
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2.5 SOIL GAS MEASUREMENTS
To help characterize potential radon sources below the top 8 feet analyzed from the
boreholes, RAETRAD-F also requires that radon gas concentrations from the soil be entered.
Up to five soil gas measurements may be entered, but at least one measurement is required.
SOIL GAS CHARACTERISTICS
Number of gas samples taken (=1, max is 5) -» 1
Radon gas concentrations are entered in units of picocuries per liter.
Radon gas concentration (pCi/L) for #1=0.0 —> 500
2.6 WATER TABLE DEPTHS
To estimate the soil moisture profiles at the test site, RAETRAD-F requires input data
for the depths to the water table at various times of the year. These data can be entered
either as the minimum depth to the water table (when it is nearest to the ground surface)
and the duration of the minimum depth, or as average depths to the water table for each
3-month season.
How do you wish to characterize the water table?
(1) Minimum depth and duration
(2) Average depth per season
Choice (=1) -* 1
Enter the minimum water table depth (ft) —» 6
Enter the duration for this minimum depth (months) -» 4
If the first option is chosen, RAETRAD-F estimates the depths to the water table for the
remaining months of the year using the technique employed in the development of the radon
protection maps (Nie95).
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2.7 DATA PROCESSING
When the input data described in sections 2.1 through 2.6 have been entered and
verified, RAETRAD-F displays the message that it is processing the data.
Processing . . . .
When RAETRAD-F has successfully completed the data analysis, the screen displays the
following:
RAETRAD-F{lorida) has successfully evaluated the
user-specified data. The results have been stored
in RAETRADF.OUT with an extra copy sent to the
LPT1: printer.
The user is then returned to the MS-DOS prompt. As indicated in the termination
message, the results of RAETRAD-F are stored to the data file RAETRADF.OUT in standard
ASCII format. A copy is also sent to the printer connected to the LPT1: port.
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3. RAETRAD-F RESULTS
This chapter describes the output produced by RAETRAD-F. As indicated in
Section 2.7, RAETRAD-F saves the analysis output to the file RAETRADF.OUT and also
sends a copy of this file to the printer. This file is in standard ASCII format and can be read
and examined by any text editor or word processor. The RAETRAD-F output for the example
problem in Chapter 2 is presented in this chapter, and corresponding output for four other
sample problems is included in Chapter 4.
The RAETRAD-F output is divided into four sections: site location, measurements,
results, and certification. The location section shows the user-specified input information
with regard to the name of the company performing the measurements, the location of the
test property, and the name of the code user. This section also gives the date and time of
RAETRAD-F analysis.
The measurements section shows the user-specified input data for the soil
characteristics. These data include the individual radium measurements, soil density and
texture data, soil radon measurements, and water table information.
The results section is displayed in a box following the location and measurements
sections. This section reports the indoor radon potential in picocuries per liter as well as the
radon protection map color category that corresponds to this concentration. The user should
note that the indoor radon potential printed by RAETRAD-F is an upper limit (95%
confidence limit) of the range of radon concentrations that could occur at the site, and is
therefore higher than the expected annual average radon concentration. The code determines
the radon protection category by comparing the indoor radon potential concentration to the
4.0- and 8.3-picocurie/liter cut points used in the radon protection map.
The certification section at the bottom of the printout allows both the RAETRAD-F
user and the agent for the company that performed the measurements to certify that the
information used in the analysis is correct.
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Analysis of Sice Test Data for
RESIDENTIAL RADON CONTROL CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION
using RAETRAD-F v.1.1
written by
Rogers & Associates Engineering Corporation
SITE
Location:
County:
State:
Zipcode:
123 Anystreet
Anycounty
Florida
12345
Run Date:
Run Time:
User:
4-18-1995
8 :14
Jane Doe
INPUT DATA Measured by: A3C Engineers
Average Site Soil Texture
1. Surface Sample Radium Cone. (pCi/g)
2. Surface sample Radiun Cone. (pCi/g)
Sana
1.1
1.0
Radium Concentrations (pCi/g)
Depth Hole 1
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
1 .00
1.20
1 .40
1.20
Soil Dry Densities (g/cc)
Depth Value
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
1.600
1.700
1.650
1 .580
Soil Radon Concentrations (pCi/L!
Sample 1
500 .C
Water Table Depth (ft)
Months Depth
4.00
6 .00
RESULTS:
RESIDENTIAL SITE INDOOR RADON POTENTIAL: 5.2 pCi/L
This site is in a
YELLOW
radon protection category as referenced by the
Florida Radon Protection Map
I certify that the site anci input data are correct to the best of my knowledge.
Jane Doe
Agent for: ABC Engineers
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4. SAMPLE PROBLEMS
RAETRAD-F output for four sample problems is furnished with the RAETRAD-F
program diskette to assist in verifying correct installation and operation of RAETRAD-F. The
sample problems illustrate several of the features and options of RAETRAD-F. Most of the
input parameters for the sample problems are the code's default parameters.
Upon initial RAETRAD-F installation and setup, at least one of the sample problems
should be processed to compare results with those furnished. A printed listing of each of the
corresponding RAETRAD-F sample output files is presented in the appendix. Since
RAETRAD-F prints all of the user-provided input, separate input tables are not given for
these sample problems.
The four sample problems included with the RAETRAD-F program diskette illustrate
the various input options available to the user. For example, the output for Example #1
includes radium and soil texture data, for each borehole and depth. However, the dry soil
densities are only entered for each depth horizon. As is reported by RAETRAD-F, a site with
these same characteristics is considered yellow.
Example #2 also includes radium concentrations for each depth from five boreholes.
However, an overall site average soil texture and dry density have been input. Additionally,
two soil radon gas concentrations have been input. A site with these same characteristics
is considered red.
As with Example #1, the output for Example #3 includes radium and soil texture
data for each borehole and depth. However, an overall site average dry soil density is
entered. Additionally, seasonal water table depths are entered instead of the duration and
depth of the highest water table. As is reported by RAETRAD-F, a site with these same
characteristics is considered green.
The input options illustrated for Example #4 are very similar to those displayed in
Example #1. The only difference is that in Example #4, an overall site average density is
input. As with Example #3, a site with these same characteristics is considered green.
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5. REFERENCES
DCA94 Florida Department of Community Affairs, Florida Standard for Radon-Resistant
Residential Building Construction, Tallahassee FL: Florida Department of
Community Affairs, proposed Rule 9B-52, amended December 1994.
DCA95 Florida Department of Community Affairs, Florida Standard for Passive
Radon-Resistant New Residential Building Construction. Tallahassee FL: Florida
Department of Community Affairs, Radon Program. July 1, 1995.
EPA92a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, A Citizen's Guide to Radon, second edition.
Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report EPA/402-K92-001,
May 1992.
EPA92b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technical Support Document for the 1992
Citizen's Guide to Radon. Washington D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
report EPA-400-R-92-GJ1 (NTIS PB92-218395). May 1992.
Nie94a Nielson, K.K., Rogers, V.C., Rogers, V., and Holt, R.B., The RAETRAD Model of
Radon Generation and Transport from Soils into Slab-on-Grade Houses, Health
Physics 67, 363-377, 1994.
Nie94b Nielson, K.K., Rogers, V., and Rogers. V. C., RAETRAD Version 3.1 User
Manual. Research Triangle Park, NC; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report
EPA-600/R-94-195 (NTIS PB95-501995), November 1994.
Kie95 Nielson, K.K., Holt, R. B., and Rogers, V. C. , Statewide Mapping of Florida Soil
Radon Potentials, Volumes 1 and 2, Research Triangle Park. NC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency report EPA-600/R-9'5-142a,b (NTIS PB96-
104351,- 104369), September 1995.
Nie96a Nielson. K.K., Holt, R.B., and Rogers, V.C., Residential Radon Resistant
Construction Feature Selection System, Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency report EPA-600/R-96-005 (NTIS PB96-153473),
February 1996.
Nie96b Nielson, K.K., Rogers, V. C.. and Holt, R. B., Site-Specific Protocol for Measuring
Soil Radon Potentials for Florida Houses, Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency report EPA-600/R-96-045 (NTIS PB96-175260),
April 1996.
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Rog91
Rogers, V.C. and Nielson, K.K., Multiphase Radon Generation and Transport in
Porous Materials, Health Physics 60:807-815, 1991.
Rog93 Rogers, V.C. and Nielson, K.K , Generalized Source Term for the Multiphase Radon
Transport Equation, Health Physics 64, 324-326, 1993.
SCS75 Soil Conservation Service, Soil Taxonomy, A Basic System of Soil Classification for
Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys, Washington DC.: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 436, 1975.
5-2
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APPENDIX A
EXAMPLE RAETRAD-F OUTPUT
'A-l
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Analysis of Site Test Data for
RESIDENTIAL RADON CONTROL CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION
using RAETRAD-F v.1.1
written by
Rogers & Associates Engineering Corporation
SITE Location
County
State
Zipcode
Sxampla #1
Anycounty
Florida
12345
Run Date
Run Time
User
4-16-1995
e : 51
John Doe
INPUT DATA Measured by: ABC Engineers
Radium Concentrations (pCi/g)
Depth Hole 1 Hole 2
Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole 5
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
.80
.70
.30
2 .30
. 90
.80
.70
1.90
1.00
.80
1 .70
3 .40
.50
. 60
.90
1.00
Soil Dry Densities (g/cc)
Depth Value
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 6 ft
1.600
1.400
1.400
1.490
Soil Textures
Depth Hole 1
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 6 ft
Sand
Sand
Sand
LSand
Sand
Sand
Sana
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
SaLom
Sand
Sand
Sand
Sand
Soil Radon Concentrations (pCi/L)
Sarople 1
684 .0
Water Table Depth (ft)
Months Depth
.80
.10
.50
4.00
Hole 2 Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole S
Sand
Sand
Sand
LSand
6.00
6.00
RESULTS;
RESIDENTIAL SITE INDOOR RADCN POTENTIAL: 8.2 pCi/L
This site is in a
YELLOW
radon protection category as referenced by the
Florida Radon Protection Map
I certify that the site and input data are correct to the best of my knowledge.
John Doe
Agent for: ABC Engineers
A-2
-------
Analysis of site Test Data for
RESIDENTIAL RADON CONTROL CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION
using RAETRAD-F v.1.1
written by
Rogers & Associates Engineering Corporation
SITE Location:
County:
State:
Z ipcode:
Example #2
Anycounty
Florida
12345
Run Date;
Run Time:
User:
4-18-1995
9:51
John Doe
INPUT DATA Measured by: ABC Engineers
Average Site Dry Density (g/cc) -. 1.605
Average Site Soil Texture: Sand
Radium Concentrations (pCi/g)
Depth Hole 1 Hole 2
Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole 5
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
4 .30
7 .10
5 .60
5.00
4.20
5.20
6 .50
4 .90
6.10
4.20
9.00
5.40
Soil Radon Concentrations (pCi/L)
Sample 1 Sample 2
1600.0 2976.0
Water Table Depth (ft)
Months Depth
6.20
7 .20
6.20
5.20
4 .70
5.40
4.40
5 .30
3 .00
5.00
RESULTS:
RESIDENTIAL SITE INDOOR RADON POTENTIAL: 35.2 pCi/L
This site is in a
RED
radon protection category as referenced by the
Florida Radon Protection Map
I certify that the site and input data are correct tc the best of my knowledge.
John Doe
Agent for: ABC Engineers
A-3
-------
Analysis o£ Site Test Data for
RESIDENTIAL RADON CONTROL CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION
using RAETRAD-F v.1.1
written by
Rogers k Associates Engineering Corporation
SITE Location:
County:
State:
Zipcode:
Example #3
Anycounty
Florida
12345
Run Date:
Run Time:
User:
4-18-1995
8:51
John Doe
INPUT DATA Measured by:
ABC Engineers
Average Site Dry Density (g/cc):
1.676
Radium Concentrations (pCi/g)
Depth Hole 1 Hole 2
Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole 5
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
.80
.70
2 .00
2.20
.60
.60
1.10
1.30
.90
.90
.50
.90
1.30
1.70
2 .10
.80
Soil Textures
Depth Hole 1
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
SaCLm
sacly
Clay
Clay
SaCLm
Clay
Clay
Clay
SaCly
SaCly
SaCly
Clay
Clay
Clay
Clay
Clay
Soil Radon Concentrations (pCi/L)
Sample 1
15.0
Kater Table Depth (ft;
Months Depth
3 .00
3 .00
3.00
3 .00
2 .00
2.00
2 .00
2 .00
.80
.90
2.40
2 .40
Hole 2 Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole 5
CLoam
Clay
Clay
Clay
RESULTS:
RESIDENTIAL SITE INDOOR RADON POTENTIAL: 2.1 pCi/L
This site is in a
GREEN
radon protection category as referenced by the
Florida Radon Protection Map
I certify that the site and input data are correct to the best of my knowledge.
John Doe
Agent for: ABC Engineers
A-4
-------
Analysis of Site Test Data for
RESIDENTIAL RADON CONTROL CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION
using RAETRAD-F v.1.1
written by
Rogers & Associates Engineering Corporation
SITE Location:
County:
State:
Zipcode:
Example #4
Anycounty
Florida
12345
Run Date:
Run Time:
User:
4-18-1S95
8:51
John Doe
INPUT DATA Measured by:
ABC Engineers
Average Site Dry Density (g/cc)
Radium Concentrations (pCi/g)
Depth
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
Soil Textures
Depth
0 - 2 ft
2 - 4 ft
4 - 6 ft
6 - 8 ft
.30
.70
1.00
.90
Hole 2
Sand
Sand
LSand
SaLom
.60
.60
.60
.80
.60
.40
.80
.80
Sand
Sand
LSand
SaCly
Sand
Sand
SaLom
SaLom
Sand
Sand
LSand
CLoaro
Soil Radon Concentrations (pCi/L)
Sample 1
91.0
Water Table Depth (ft)
Months Depth
1.407
Hole 1 Hole 2 Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole 5
.40
.80
.70
.80
.50
.60
.30
.60
Hole 2 Hole 3 Hole 4 Hole 5
Sand
Sand
LSand
SaLom
6.00
6.00
RESULTS;
RESIDENTIAL SITE INDOOR RADON POTENTIAL: 8.2 pCi/L
This site is in a
GREEN
radon protection category as referenced by the
Florida Radon Protection Map
I certify that the site and input data are correct to the best of my knowledge.
John Doe
Agent for: ABC Engineers
A-5
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before com/
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/R-96-126
. .. ./¦ r
6 " 1
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
RAETRAD-F: Version 1.1 User's Guide for Analyzing
Site-specific Measurements of Soil Radon Potential
Category for Florida Houses
5. REPORT DATE
Cctober 199
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
V.Rogers, K.K.Nielson, V.C.Rogers, and R. B. Holt
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rogers and Associates Engineering Corporation
P. 0. Box 330
Salt Lake City, Utah 84110-0330
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA IAQ RWFL933783
DCA 95RD-30-13-00-22-001
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADORESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final: 7/94 - 6/95
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is.supplementary notes^pp(3£j project officer is David C. Sanchez, Mail Drop 54, 919/
541-2979. DCA project officer is M. Madani, Florida Dept. of Community Affairs,
2740 Centerview Dr. , Tallahassee, FL 32399.
'^^SSIS^^The document ^.describes RAETRAD-F (RAdon Emanation and TRAnsport
into Dwellings--Florida), a computer code that provides a simple way to analyze
site-specific soil measurements to estimate upper-limit indoor radon concentrations
in a reference house at a site~The-eode.uses data from measured soil radium pro-
files, soil density and texture properties, water table'-depths,, and soil radon concen-
trations to estimate potential indoor radon concentrations. It also identifies the site's
radon potential category for use in lieu of its radon protection map designation-.-The
guide describes the installation and use of the RAETRAD-F computer program, inclu-
ding the background and purpose for which RAETRAD was developed. It also descri- ]
bes the RAETRAD algorithm, RAETRAD-F's operating environment, .and installation
procedures. It gives a step by step description of each question posed by RAETRAD
along with appropriate responses. It describes the output printed and stored by RAE-
TRAD-F, and presents several sample problems to help illustrate different options
and determine proper function of the software. The different site characteristics to
model sample cases and the analysis results are also described.y Separate reports
discuss site-specific test protocols and the mathematical development of RAETRAD
theory. " /V'';
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Gioup
Pollution Radium
Radon Soil Texture
Soils Water Table
Measurement
Mathemtical Models
Residential Buildings
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
RAETRAD-F
Indoor Air Quality
Soil Density
13 B
07B
08G, 08M 08H
14 B
12 A
13 M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
27
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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