United States Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Protection and Support Laboratory
Agency pO- Bo* 15027
Las Vegas NV 89114
July-September 1978
*>EPA Third Quarter Report
Environmental
Monitoring and
Support Laboratory
Las Vegas
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THIRD QUARTER REPORT
OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
LAS VEGAS
JULY THROUGH SEPTEMBER 1978
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
LAS VEGAS., NEVADA 89114
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CONTENTS
page
EVENTS OF GENERAL INTEREST 1
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING 3
EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES DEVELOPMENT 5
MONITORING 8
QUALITY ASSURANCE TO
TECHNICAL SUPPORT 11
TECHNICAL REPORTS AND PRESENTATIONS 19
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ITEMS OF GENERAL INTEREST
Mr. Victor W. Lambou, Las Vegas Laboratory scientist, was one of three
American water experts who visited Moscow, Karkov, Armenia, and Rostov in
the Soviet Union during this quarter in the program involving exchange of
environmental experts. Lambou1s companions on the trip, which was
coordinated by the EPA's Environmental Research Laboratory in Gulf Breeze,
Florida, were from the Virginia State pollution agency and the Virginia
Institute of Marine Science. Three Soviet water quality experts will visit
the United States this fall.
On July 12 and 13, the Las Vegas Laboratory hosted a VIs1b11ity Moni-
toring Workshop. The objective was to develop a national visibility
strategy to satisfy the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
dealing with visibility protection. Federal and state agencies, universities,
and private Industry were represented in attendance. The Laboratory is
currently involved In several studies relating to visibility protection.
These include the development of visibility monitoring instrumentation
methodology, an in-depth study of the causes of visibility degradation, and
the gathering of baseline data through the operation of a large research
visibility network in the southwestern U.S.
To bring the best expertise available to bear on the subject, a workshop
was conducted at the Laboratory on September 18 through 20 to select specific
carcinogens and their critical receptors. Scientists from the National
Institute of Health, the National Cancer Institute, several universities,
and the EPA attended. Consensus determination was that carcinogen/critical
receptor pairs could not be defined, and that, as an alternative, researchers
in the field might refer to a population at risk. This risk would be
measured by some combined series of factors such as - - - - -
Exposure Risk = Potency x Length of Exposure x Concentration x Population Size
The major areas discussed in the workshop Included chemical monitoring
(as a function of distance from point sources), experimental monitoring,
early food chain monitoring, human monitoring, and real cancer data. Discus-
sion focused on specific case examples and resulted in construction of a
monitoring plan for a coke oven project. It was also consensus judgment that
a protocol for a full scale study be developed under the guidance of an
advisory committee composed of eminent research scientists outside the EPA.
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BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
DOE REIMBURSABLE ACTIVITIES
In the Department of Energy (DOE) reimbursable study of the in vitro
solubility of plutonium from rumen contents of cattle grazing on
plutonium-contaminated pasture (Area 13 of the Nevada Test Site), the in
vitro digestion trials were completed. Sample analyses will be performed
by a contractor. Meanwhile, a study was initiated on the solubility of
nuclear debris radionuclides associated with forage in in vitro rumenal-
gastrointestinal fluids.
A study involving the feeding of nuclear debris from the sites of
nuclear detonations to goats was initiated at the Test Site. This study
should provide information on the bioavailability of actual radionuclides
associated with nuclear debris in its natural form as deposited. This is
primarily a tissue uptake study and may serve to provide a screening
methodology for those radionuclides present in old debris.
Another DOE project, the Area 13 Grazing Study to determine the uptake
and tissue-distribution of plutonium by ruminants maintained in an actual
contaminated area, was completed this quarter with preparation of a surrmary
report. In this 3-year study, rumen-fistulated steers and reproducing beef
cattle were restricted to a plutonium-contaminated range whose native
vegetation supplied all subsistence for the animals. Other objectives of
the study were to compare tissue levels found in grazing animals with those
found in browsing animals (goats); to compare the relative contributlons in
grazing animals of plutonium incorporated within the plant and that on the
plant surface or ingested as foreign matter during the grazing process; to
evaluate maternal-fetal transfer; to determine uptake and distribution
differences observed in young versus mature animals; and to compare these
data with data collected from other contaminated areas and control areas.
The relation of food habits to tissue distribution was also evaluated
in this study. Food habit analyses of ingesta Indicated that shrub species
made up the major portion of the animals' diet during most seasons. Grasses
were preferred during the spring months. An apparent relationship between
actinide concentrations in the ingesta and Eurotia lanata content was noted.
Comparison of plutonium-239/americium-241 ratios in the Ingesta to those
in the tissues indicates 1ittle differentiation in uptake of these two
radionuclides. However, the plutonium-238/-239 ratios suggest that
plutonium-238 is preferentially absorbed. The gonadal concentrations of
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Plutonium were significantly higher than those of blood and muscle and
approached those of bone. No significant lesions were found during the
necropsies or histopathological examinations.
(Data source for all the above activities is J. A. Santolucito, Ext. £76.
Data source for the following item is D. D. Smiths Ext. 281.)
The Laboratory continued operation of the Nevada Test Site experimental
farm and performed other field activities in support of the DOE. These
activities included the maintenance of the lactating dairy herd and the
monitoring of the migratory habits of mule deer that reside on the Test Site.
In this latter study, deer are equipped with radio transmitter collars and
tracked weekly via ground or aerial reconnaissance. The location of the
deer herd during the winter months is of interest to both the DOE and the
Nevada Department of Fish and Game as the animals could be harvested by the
general public if they eventually reach unrestricted lands. Though no
significant radionuclide burdens have been found in deer to date, 16 deer
have been equipped with transmitter collars and an additional 30 have been
marked with visual identification. Support was also provided at the farm
for several Laboratory programs, including the controlled feeding, periodic
sacrifice and sampling of goats in a radionuclide metabolism study, and
similar support in dairy pow studies.
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EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES DEVELOPMENT
A project 1s being conducted with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration to fabricate and test a prototype waterborne automated in situ
multiparameter sensor system and to design an air-droppable sensor/sampler
package. This interagency agreement (IAG) was modified to provide four
umbilical water sampler/sensor systems and to investigate the feasibility of
using advanced x-ray fluorescence spectrometry for elemental water quality
analyses in the field. A design review of the automated sampler/sensor
system was held at NASA-Langley in September; as result, an attempt will be
made to reduce the weight and size of the system. The four units placed on
order will be used by the Chesapeake Bay Program.
An IAG was negotiated with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration to investigate the feasibility and state-of-the-art of specific
enzyme sensors and to study the performance of a solid-state dissolved
oxygen sensor chip developed by Dr. Liu of Case Western Research University.
A grant to Texas A&M University was initiated to test a laser polarimeter
for application as a turbidity sensor, and a grant to Louisiana State Univer-
sity was initiated to test and evaluate automated field sampling/sensor
systems.
The assistance of the University of Nevada-Las Vegas is being sought to
review and analyze the spectrometer data collected for quantitatively
determining turbidity. The interpretation of these data has been held in
abeyance due to lack of available remote sensing personnel at the Laboratory.
Arrangements are also being made to participate in the multlagency Naval
Ocean Research and Development Activity experiment to acquire multlspectral
scanner imagery for correlation with atmospheric effects, volume spectral
reflectance, peripheral effects, and field truth data collected by other
participants. This information will be used to further refine the evaluation
of multispectral scanner data for turbidity characterization.
An agreement has been established with the EPA's Office of Radiation
Programs to collect stack samples from about 10 coal-f1red power plants to
characterize particulate emissions. To date, samples have been collected
from three plants for single-particle characterizations.
An earth reflected differential absorption transceiver is being built
to monitor ozone remotely from an airborne platform. Two carbon dioxide
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transverse excited atmospheric lasers and a beam expander were acquired and
tested. The lasers produced no discernible electromagnetic interference
when operated in conjunction with the intended receiver electronics. A new
design was completed compatible with the Laboratory's helicopters that
incorporates a folded telescope configuration. While the new design is under
evaluation, a breadboard system is being fabricated to test total system
compatibility and design feasibility. A Biomation (analog-to-digital conver-
ter) to tape deck interface was built and is undergoing factory installation
and testing.
Development of the two-frequency lidar system included refinements to
both the mechanical/optical portion and the electronics portion of the
system. Completion and testing of the bit slice microprocessor marks a
breakthrough in lidar technology. This state-of-the-art system modulates
the photopultiplier tubes to compress signals, makes realtime corrections to
the lidar return signals, displays the corrected returns and stores the data
on a buffer memory. This compatibility is made possible by the design of a
sipall computer constructed from commercially available components and the
development of a computer instruction set specific to the application.
In the development of the airborne laser fluorosensor to monitor
chlorophyll a_, modifications were made to the receiver portion to incorporate
the Raman return. An improved procedure was devised for extracting
chlorophyll a_. The method has improved reproducibility and efficiency in
extraction over the method currently given in standard methods. After tests
showed that the filters for the Raman signals fluoresced, the filters were
replaced. Noise sources within the aircraft power system are under investi-
gation.
(Data source for the above projects is D. N, McNelis3 Ext, 261. Data
source for the Pod or Keys following is either Dr. McNelis at the
Las Vegas Laboratory or V. R. Webb at the Laboratory's Environmental
Photographic Interpretation Centert Warrenton, Virginia, FTS: 557-3110.}
The most significant work on the development of environmental photo
interpretation keys was in septic field evaluation. The keys have been
successfully tested in the Nettle and Steuben Lakes areas in Region 5 and
in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Region 3. They are currently being used
on the Smith Mountain Lake project in Virginia and will be tested against^
septic field in shale and karst areas in Tennessee. More than 1,000 septic
fields were evaluated from the imagery of the Steuben Lake area and out
of these 47 were identified as having possible problems. Although not all
47 had problems at the time of field verification by local health officials
and the Laboratory's own investigations, it was concluded that remote sensing
provided a significantly more cost-effective approach to these surveys.
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The light aircraft sensor pod (ENVIRO-POD) was subject to extensive
operational suitability testing in Regions 4 and 6. Region 4 is preparing
an operational manual based on its experience with the system. With the
support of the Narragansett Laboratory, an ENVIRO-POD is being equipped
with a low light-level color television system for twilight surveillance
of hazardous materials spills. The Laboratory's Environmental Photographic
Interpretation Center is providing the systems engineering and integration
for this work, which includes modifications to mount the camera and
batteries. Flight testing will be conducted by the EPIC, and it is
anticipated that a fully operational unit will be delivered to Narragansett
in time for deployment on an emergency response drill planned for mid-October.
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MONITORING
The Las Vegas Laboratory provided radiological safety support for
nuclear testing conducted at the Nevada Test Site by the U.S. Department of
Energy during this quarter. Mobile ground and aerial radiological monitor-
ing personnel were deployed to the off-site areas. No release of radio-
activity occurred as a result of the tests.
The Milk Surveillance Network and the Dosimetry Network were routinely
operated and the quarterly exchange of thermoluminescent dosimeters used for
continuously monitoring ambient radiation levels at 78 stations was completed.
Routine quarterly milk samples were collected from 19 locations in July.
The Air Surveillance Network, consisting of 49 continuously operating stations,
continued to operate during this quarter. Standby stations at 67 locations
were also activated for 1 to 2 weeks in July to check their operation and to
maintain an understanding of procedures used by station operators.
Monthly and annual water samples were collected at 21 locations on and
around the Nevada Test Site for the Long-Term Hydrological Monitoring Program.
Quarterly samples were collected for the second time from the 12 new wells
drilled and cased at the Project Dribble site in Mississippi to monitor for
subsurface tritium contamination caused years ago by post-shot, drill-back
operations. Annual samples of well water and surface water at 33 locations
on Amchitka Island, Alaska, were collected in August.
To improve the definition of the distribution of plutonium-239 concen-
trations in surface soil around the Nevada Test Site, 25 soil samples were
collected at each of 10 different areas on the Site.
Water samples collected from the 12 locations on the Project Dribble
site during April 1978 were found to contain tritium concentrations signifi-
cantly above background levels. The maximum concentration of 450,000 pi co-
curies per liter in a water sample collected at a depth of 67 inches was
15 percent of the Concentration Guide for tritium as listed in the DOE manual
for exposures to an individual in an uncontrolled area. However, none of
the groundwater in the immediate area is used for human consumption. Further
sampling at the project site is being coordinated with the State of Mississ-
ippi and DOE representatives to determine the extent of the contamination
and to define a course of action,
(Data source for these monitoring activities, all of which were DOE reimbur-
sable programs3 is F. GrossmaExt. 376, or E. W. Bretthauer3 Ext. 342.)
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QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Las Vegas Laboratory maintains a repository of standard reference
samples and materials for distribution to users on request. During this
quarter, approximately 400 calibrated radionuclide solutions were distributed
to laboratories. Traceability studies with the National Bureau of Standards
were continued on a routine basis.
Toxic elements are being incorporated in vivo into plant and animal
tissue to be used as reference materials. The incorporations are being
performed by EPA grantees.
The Laboratory routinely conducts a nationwide interlaboratory comparison
quality assurance program to help assure that environmental data produced by
federal, state, local, and private laboratories are compatible, accurate,
and legally defensible. In this program involving environmental media
(milk, water, air, food, soil, and gases) and a variety of radionuclides,
approximately 1,100 samples of known activity levels were distributed to the
180 participating laboratories for analysis. The precision and accuracy of
radioactive measurements were assessed and reports were sent to the parti-
cipants at monthly or quarterly Intervals.
At the request of Regions 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10, on-site laboratory
evaluations were conducted at state, private, and university laboratories.
Reports of findings were prepared for approximately 20 laboratories in these
Regions. Also at Regional request, a seminar was conducted for state and
Regional personnel in Region 5. The 1aboratory performance evaluation study
(blind sample) in support of the National Interim Primary Drinking Water
Regulations was continued.
(Data source for QA programs is A. N, JarviB, Ext. 281.)
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT
The laboratory has compiled 38 trophic state measurements and indices
based on the water quality relationships of phytoplankton species causing
taste, odor, nuisance blooms, filter clogging, and toxicity. These indices
appear to have far higher potential for prediction/assessment of lake water
quality than any other known biological indices. The data, derived from
samplings of U.S. lakes as part of the National Eutrophication Survey, have
been published in part in phytoplankton summaries of lakes in the individual
states. As part of this program, a study was initiated for the U.S. Corps
of Engineers to develop phytoplankton preimpoundment-prediction capabilities
for selected reservoirs. Historical information is being reviewed and
Laboratory phytoplankton/water quality data are being analyzed. Also, the
Laboratory provided assistance in interpreting data for the Atchafalaya
Basin, Louisiana, Management Group for the preparation of a report on
phytoplankton distribution and importance-
(Data source; V. W. Lambou} Ext. 359)
The Laboratory is conducting a continuing program to analyze water
samples for the Rural Water Survey on request of the Office of Drinking
Water. During this quarter, 56 radiological sample results and 60 stable
element sample results were completed and reported. The first samples were
received June 5 and summarized through September.
(Data source: F. Grossman^ Ext. 376)
In support of the Toxic Substances Office, the Laboratory has developed
an internal analytical capability for analyzing aryl phosphates in environ-
mental samples. Samples of soil, vegetation, water sediment and air were
collected at selected production sites in West Virginia and at utilization
sites in Pennsylvania. Qualitative analyses indicate aryl phosphates in
most samples. These results differ from results of a study by Battelle which
reported that aryl phosphates were not being released to the environment
from certain production sites.
(Data source: A. B. Crockett3 Ext. 394} or J. A. Sanzolucrito, Ext. 276)
In support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(Goddard), interpretations of data from Landsat-C and Landsat-D are being
made. Landsat-C data are being compared to multispectral scanner data for
surface mine monitoring to determine the degree of activity, revegetation,
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and rehabilitation. The multispectral scanner thermal band will be analyzed
for mine and slag fire detection. In the analysis of Landsat-D data, the
effects of increased spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution for mine
monitoring will be investigated using the aircraft simulator system,
(Data source: D. A\ MoNelis, Ext. 261)
At the request of the Office of Noise Abatement and Control, aerial
photographic data were collected on 128 selected railroad facilities located
throughout the U.S. The data are to be used in the computer modeling of
railyard noise and in the drafting of noise legislation. Similar information
had been previously provided on 28 sites.
In another noise project, imagery was collected and interpreted to locate
construction activities in 15 cities and provide site data and size on sites
within each city's urban zones which are associated with urban noise. The
data are to be used in preparing computer models of urban noise.
(Data source: V. H. Webb, FTS 557-3110)
A project was conducted for the Office of Radiation Programs to aid in
the investigation of soil moisture variations on a nuclear waste site in
Beatty, Nevada. Photographic and multispectral scanning techniques are
being applied to distinguish trench boundaries. Thermal anomalies within
trenches that may be undergoing chemical action are also being analyzed.
Separate aerial photographic missions will be flown through this quarter
and into November.
(Data source: D. N. McNeliss Ext. 261)
In support of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,
aerial photographic imagery was collected and interpreted to locate areas of
natural subirrigation in an agricultural area. Locations were identified
in terms of differneces in ground cover appearance. About 240 flight-line
miles were flown in Park County, Colorado, during this study.
In another study for the USGS, the Laboratory conducted a thermal
experiment along a 30-mile portion of the lower Arkansas River in Colorado
to evaluate the potential for using thermal scanning to locate areas of
groundwater and irrigation return flow into the river systems. Thermal
contours were obtained for periods of low surface-water flows and significant
temperature differential between groundwater and surface water components.
(Data source for these the the foI lowing OSMCD projects is
D. IL McBelis, Ext. 261.)
In support of the Oil and Special Materials Control Division, the
Laboratory collected aerial photography to document sediment plume tracks
originating from offshore drilling platforms located in the Gulf of Mexico
at East and West Flower Garden Bank. Annotated contact prints and maps
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identifying the number of drilling rigs in operation and showing the extent
of each plume were provided.
Also on request of the OSMCD, the following projects were initiated in
support of the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Program. Those
indicated with an asterisk were completed this quarter and entailed aerial
imagery-collection flights and delivery of annotated contact prints and
maps and a detailed printed report:
o oil facilities inspection in the six states of New England.
o oil facilities inspection in New Jersey, New York, and Puerto
Rico.
* o emergency response to document an oil spill from a sunken barge
off Rockaway Point, Long Island, N.Y. Assisted response team
in cleanup operations and provided on-site briefing.
o oil facilities inspection in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West
Virginia.
o emergency response to document an oil spill and cleanup oper-
ations following the sinking of a barge at Smith Point in the
Chesapeake Bay.
o oil facilities inspection in Illinois.
o oil facilities inspection in Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri.
* o inventory of oil facilities in Utah, Montana, and Wyoming.
* o documentation of an oil spill in Portland, Oregon.
* o inventory of selected industrial facilities in Idaho, Oregon,
and Washington.
Also, existing aerial photographic data were analyzed for evidence of
oil field hazards, proper containment, and spills in southern Illinois.
The following remote sensing technical support projects were initiated
or continued during this quarter for EPA Regional Offices:
o provide baseline data on ten landfill sites in Vermont for
compliance monitoring and enforcement; perform land-use and
nonpoint source analyses on the Black River Basin.
o analyze and interpret imagery for the Connecticut Areawide
Waste Treatment Planning Board,
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o analyze and interpret imagery to inventory surface impoundments
and solid waste facilities in Mew England.
o acquire and interpret imagery of chemical manufacturing and
storage facility in Lowell, Massachusetts, for enforcement
considerations.
o collect and analyze multispectral scanning data and photography
over selected Tennessee Valley Authority steam plants to assess
vegetation damage due to sulfur dioxide.
o provide aerial photography for preparing an environmental impact
statement on the southeast Choctawhatchee River and Bear Creek
Reservoir in Alabama.
o analyze aerial photography to document drainage patterns and
identify vegetation types in the Everglades City, Florida, area
for enforcement actions.
o provide and analyze imagery in support of a Region 5 study of
primary and secondary impacts of new sewage treatment facilities
in Delaware County, Ohio.
o provide aerial and ground truth data to map wetlands in Louisiana
to establish a current natural resources data base.
o provide aerial photographic coverage and interpretation to
determine the effects of past spills of oil and hazardous
substances on the aquatic community of Pool 19 in the Mississippi
River in Iowa.
o provide specialized land-use data and land-use changes in the
Big Piney River Basin in Missouri to determine nonpoint sources.
o acquire color infrared imagery of Federal Oil Shale Lease Tracts
and other oil shale properties in Colorado and Utah.
o provide a detailed land-use analysis in support of Region 9
planning in central Arizona.
(Data source: D. N, McNelis, Ext. 261)
Remote sensing projects completed this quarter for EPA Regional Offices
are listed by Region. These projects entailed the acquisition, processing,
interpretation, and delivery of data collected from aerial platforms. The
resultant data were presented in the form of color and infrared photography,
map sheets, annotated overlays or other imagery displays, and detailed
narrative reports, as requested by the Region,
(Except as no ted, the data source for these projects is
D. N. i'lcNe lis * Ext. 261. )
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REGION 1
Annotated overlays were converted to quandrangle map sheets to identify
and evaluate nonpoint sources of pollution in the Androscoggin Valley, Maine,
for use in the Regional Planning Commission 208 planning program.
REGION 3
Using an instrumented helicopter, the Laboratory measured ozone, nitro-
gen oxides, hydrocarbons, and other air quality parameters for 5 weeks upwind
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The objective is to study the impact of
photochemical pollutants in air upwind of a city on that city's air quality.
(Data source: R. N. Spelling, Ext. 333, or E. W. Bretthauer, Ext. 342)
Topographic map sheets and composite photoprints were provided to update
land-use information and locate problem septic field failure in Pennsylvania
to aid in establishing the need for a wastewater treatment facility.
REGION 4
Historical and current photographic data were acquired and interpreted
to distinguish the hydrographical and biological features of about 5,000
acres in the Marco Island, Florida, area to assess area development.
REGION 5
Aerial
enforcement
Illinois.
REGION 6
Remote
and measure
Remote
o
o
photographic data were collected and analyzed in support of air
actions involving 13 industrial sites in Michigan, Ohio, and
sensing techniques were applied to delineate the "bottomland"
acreages in the Cache River Basin, Arkansas,
sensing techniques were also applied in Louisiana to
locate discharges of toxic substances in two lagoons in the
Baton Rouge area and to locate possible unauthorized discharges
from sand and gravel mining in the Amite River Basin; and
identify unpermitted public and private wastewater discharges,
operation of public and private solid waste disposal sites,
point source air emissions, and SPCC sites in the New Orleans
area to prepare environmental impact statements.
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The use of Landsat-enhanceci data was evaluated to assess the impact of
land-use activities as they affect surface water and groundwater quality in the
Osage County, Oklahoma, area.
REGION 7
To assist the Region in completing a land-use study, photographic data
of Soldier Creek Basin in Kansas were collected to identify land uses, land
cover (vegetation), erosion sites, and land treatment practices. The imagery
will be interpreted at the Space Tech Center, University of Kansas.
REGION 8
Color infrared imagery of about 3 square miles {7.7 square kilometers)
in northern Wyoming was acquired in support of the study, "The Importance and
Function of Alluvial Valley Floors."
REGION 9
Aerial photography was collected to document and determine the extent of
damage of a spill of about 500 cans of endosulfan in a truck accident on the
highway south of Bakersfield, California. Emergency containment placed at
the scene proved adequate, preventing the spill from entering a nearby creek.
REGION 10
On request of the State of Oregon, the Laboratory began to monitor the
Willamette Valley through mid-Novermber to characterise air quality effects
of the practice of burning grass fields. A trailer is being used to monitor
air quality on the ground and airborne monitoring is being done using the
Laboratory's B-26 aircraft. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
requires the information as part of its State Environmental Implementation
Plan.
(Data source: E. N. Snellingy Ext. 333)
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TECHNICAL REPORTS AliD PRESENTATIONS
PROJECT REPORTS
During this quarter, the following 20 project reports were published
by the Las Vegas Laboratory:
Distribution of Fhytop lank ton in Georgia Lakes, by F. A. Morris,
M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C, Hern,
J. W. Hilgert and V. W. Lambou. EPA-600/3-73-011, January 1978.
Distribution of Fhytoplankton in Kentucky Lakes, by W. D. Taylor,
F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K.
Morris and L. R. Williams. EPA-600/3-78-013, January 1978.
Distribution of Fhytoplankton in New Jersey Lakes, by L. R. Wi11iams,
W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A.
Morris and M. K. Morris. EPA-600/3-78-014, January 1978.
Distribution of Fhytoplankton in Ohio Lakes, by J. W. Hilgert, V. W.
Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F„ A-
Hiatt and S. C. Hem. EPA-600/3-78-015, January 1978.
Distribution of Fhyvoplankton in Tennessee Lakes, by F. A. Hiatt,
S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, L. R.
Williams and W. D. Taylor. EPA-600/3-78-016, January 1978.
Distribution of Fhytoplankton in Delaware Lakes, by S. C. Hern,
J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K, Morris, L. R. Williams,
W. D. Taylor and F. A. Hiatt. EPA-600/3-78-027, January 1978.
Distribution of Fhytoplankton in Illinois Lakes, by M. K. Morris,
L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert,
V. W, Lambou and F. A. Morris. EPA-600/3-78-050, May 1978.
Distribution of Fhytoplankton in North Carolina Lakes, by M. K.
Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W.
Hilgert, V. W. Lambou and F. A. Morris. EPA-600/3-78-051, May 1978.
Factors Influencing the Volatilization of Mercuru from Soil, by
R. D. Rogers and J. C. McFarlane. EPA-600/3-78-054, May 1978.
Optimum Meteorological and Air Pollution Sampling Network Selection
in Cities: Volume I: Theory and Design for St. Louis, by F. M. Vukovich,
W. D. Bach, Jr., and C. A. Clayton, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, N. C.; J. L. McElroy, Envi ronmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nev., project officer. EPA-600/4-78-030, June 1978,
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Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory Interconrparison Studies
Program, 1378-1979, Quality Assurance Branch, Environmental Monitoring
and"Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev. EPA-600/4-78-033, June 1978,
Air Monitor Siting by Objective, by Masato Koda and J. H. Seinfeld;
J, L. McElroy, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas,
Nev., project officer. EPA-600/4-78-036, June 1978.
Radioactivity Standards Distribution Proaram 1978-1979, by L. H.
Ziegler. EPA-600/4-78-033, June 1978.
Macroinvertebrate Sampling Techniques for Streams in Semi-Avid
Regions: Comparison of the Surber method and a unit-effort traveling kick
method, by C. E. Hornig and J. E. Pollard. EPA-6Q0/4-78-040, July 1978.
Quality Assurance Guidelines for 'Biological Testing, Tracor-J1 tco,
Inc., Rockville, Maryland; R. E. Stanley, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev., project officer. EPA-600/4-73-043,
August 1978.
Mass Balance Determinations for Pollutants in Urban Regions:
Methodology with applications to lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, Calif.; E. A. Schuck, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev., project officer. EPA-600/4-78-046,
August 1978.
Intercomuarison of Plutonium-239 Measurements, by L. H. Ziegler.
EPA-600/7-78-105, June 1973.
Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Sampling Geothermal Effluents,
Subir Sanyal and R. Weiss, Geonomics, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.; D. B. Gilmore,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev., project
officer. EPA-600/7-78-121, June 1978.
Anion Exchange Method for the Determination of Plutonium in Water:
Single-Laboratory evaluation and inter laboratory collaborative study, by
C. T. Bishop, A. A. Glosby, R. Brown and C. A. Phi 11ips, Monsanto Research
Corporation, Mound Facility, Miamisbury, Ohio; E. W. Bretthauer, Environmental
Morn"torina and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev., project officer,
EPA-600/7-78-122, June 1978.
Remote Monitoring of Coal Striv Mine Rehabilitation, by >j. E. Anderson,
C. E. Tanner, Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc., and the Remote Sensing
Division, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev.;
Project Officer, G. J. D'Alessio, EPA-600/7-78-149, July 1978.
16
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PAPERS PRESENTED OR PUBLISHED
During this quarter, nine papers were presented at scientific and
professional meetings:
Structured Programming: a case study * by G. C. Allison. Presented
by the author at the Office of Research and Development ADP Workshop III,
Athens, Georgia, May 10. 1978.
^Mathematical Simulation of Land and Sea Breezes in the Tarrpa-
St. Petersburg Area, by Mei-Kao Liu and T. C. Meyers, Systems Applications,
Inc., San Rafael, Calif., and J. L. McElroy, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, Nev. Presented by T. C. Meyers at the Summer
Computer Simulation Conference, Newport Beach, Calif., July 24-26, 1978
Use of Remote Sensing Technology to Construct and Validate a Dynamic
Basin Simulation Model, by J. M. Hi 11 and Steve Graham. Presented at the
conference on Verification of Mathematical and Physical Models, University
of Maryland, August 11.
A Quality Assurance Program in Growth. Chamber Research3 by J. C.
McFarlane. Presented by the author at the Twentieth Congress of the
International Society for Horticultural Science, Sydney, Australia,
August 15-23.
New Distributions and Habitat of Coelastrum reticulatum var.
polychordon Kcrschikov (Chlorococcales) in Inland Lakes of the United
Statest by W. D. Taylor,
and
CcrfrpaTison of Some New and Old Indices and Measurements of Lake
Trophic State, by W. D. Taylor, L. R. Wi11iams T S. C. Hern and V. W. Lambou.
Presented by W, D. Taylor at the Phycological Society of America, Athens,
Georgia, August 20-25.
Productivity Responses to Changes in Hydro logical Regimes in the
Atchafalcya Basin, Louisiana, by S. C. Hern and V. W. Lambou. Presented
at the International Symposium on Environmental Effects of Hydraulic
Engineering Works, Knoxville, Tennessee, September 12-14.
Meteorology for Environmental Assessment, by G, B. Morgan, T. R.
Hauser and D. G. Ballinger. Presented at the 1978 Symposium of the National
Conference of Standards Laboratories, Washington, D. C., October 4, by
E. W. Bretthauer.
A Light Aircraft Camera Pod, the £nviro-Pod} by G. E. Howard, Jr.
Presented by the author at the American Society of Photogrammetry, Albuquerque,
New Mexico, October 15-21.
17
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During this quarter, two papers were published in technical journals
or proceedings:
Environmental Tritium Oxidation in Surface Soil, by J. C. McFarlane,
R. D. Rogers and D, V. Bradley. SnvirormentaI Science and Technoloay
12(5): 590-593 (1978)
Trophic Classification of Colorado Lakes Utilizing Contact Data,
Landsat and Aircraft-acquired bhiltispectral Data, by D. H. Boland, R. J.
Blackwel1. Published in Conference Proceedings, Fourth Joint Conference
on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants, Washington, D.C., American
Chemical Society, pp. 880-898,
REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REIMBURSABLE WORK
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report for the NTS and other
Test Areas Used for Underground Nuclear Detonations, by F. A. Grossman.
EMSL-LV-0538-18.
Fruit and Vegetable Survey Folloxa-on, NTS Environss by V. E.
Andrews and 0. C. Vandervort. EMSL-LV-0539-19.
18
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Director
G.8. Morgan
Deputy Director
Dr. R E. Stanley
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
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