United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 8
1850 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80295
EFA-908/1 -81 -002
October 1981
Surveillance and Analysis Division Data Analysis Branch
Air Quality Trends
in Region Vlll
1980 Data
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EPA - 908/1-81-002
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
US EPA
Headquarters ana Chemical Libraries
EPA West Bldg Room 3340
Mailcode 3404T
1301 Constitution Ave NW
Washington DC 20004
202-566-0556
AIR QUALITY TRENDS
IN REGION VIII
(1980 DATA)
Data Analysis Branch
Survei1 lance and Analysis Division
Denver, Colorado
September 1981
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Surveillance and Analysis Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII, and approved for
puolication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recoiroiendation for use.
Dorument is available to the public through the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
i
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ABSTRACT
Air quality trend and status for the calendar year '980 were determined
for the six states in Region VIII. These states include Colorado, Montana,
North Dak,ota, South Dakota, Jtan and Wyoming. Data resident in the SAROAD
national data bank, were analyzed,
Statistical tests which detect significant differences between two
populations were utilized to identify trends The status and severity of air
pollutants were reported in terms of observed concentrations exceeding air
quality standards or alert level limits The report also includes a summary
of air quality for each nonattainment area.
ii
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CONTENTS
D:iqe
Abstract i i
T abl e of Contents iii
t
SECTION I
General Description 2
Air Qua 1 ity Standards 11
Air Quality Nonattainment Areas 11
Analytical Procedures 16
SECTION II
State Air Quality Sunrnanes 19
Basic Contents of State Summaries 20
Co i orado ... ..... 22
Montana. .......... 37
North Dakota 51
South Dakota................................................ 57
U t ah»...••* 64"
Wyomi ng 76
iii
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LIST OF FIGURES
i gure Page
1- Region VIII Air Quality Status 3
LIST OF TABLES
Tabl e Page
1. Summary of Air Monitoring in Region VIII.......... 7
2. Air Quality Pollutants and Health Effects.......... ... 9
3. EPA Nonattainment Areas in Region VIII - 1978.. 13
4. EPA Nonattainment Areas in Region VIII - 1979 14
5. EPA Nonattainment Areas in Region VIII - 1980............
iv
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PsPPEHDICcb
Page
A. National Ambient Air Quality Standards... 83
B. Break points for Pollution Standards Index (?SI.. 85
C. Procedures Used to Determine Status 87
D. Men attainment Area Haps. ^
Denver 9b
Denver/Boul der/Longmont 96
Pueblo 97
Larimer/Weld.. ^98
Co I orado Springs 132
Mesa 103
Missoula Primary TSP... ]05
Missoula Secondary TSP !06
Hissoula CO 107
Columbi a r alls.. ^08
Col strip 109
Great -alls 110
Billings TSP HI
Laurel 112
Butte
Anaconda ^
East Helena SO?
East He I ena TSP 115
Davis-Weber
Salt Lake
Utah TSP ]19
Tooe 1 e SO? * \ -0
Rapid C ity . * } 21
Sweetwater County i22
v
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SECTION I
1
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Air qua!ity monitor! ng activities have increased substantially in Region
VIII over the past few years both in scope and frequency. These increases are
due to public demand for accurate information about harmful pollutants in tie
environment and to the passage of Federal Legislation, namely, The Clean Air
Act Amendments. To fulfill the requirements of these legislative mandates
State agencies have planned and developed intensive monitoring networks wm ch
have generated a mass of air quality data. This report presents a portrayal
of current ambient air quality status and trends in the six states comprising
EPA's Region VIII {Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
Wyomi ng).
Summary of Analysis and Related Events
Dur ng 1980 the air-quality monitoring network was streamlined by
decreasing the number of samples collected and eliminating certain monitoring
stations. It was noted that considerably cswer counties are taking samples
for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Areas exhibiting sulfur dioxide or
nitrogen dioxi de problems are fa/ and monitoring for these pollutants has
decreased considerably. The total number of air-quality sampling sites in
Region VIII decreased from 412 in 1979 to 327 in 1980.
Trend analyses performed on the 1978 and 1980 air quality data available
in the SAROAD System indicate that only 19 of the 252 counties, where
sufficient data were available, experienced statistically significant changes
for at least one pollutant group. Air quality was round to be deteri orating
in 3 counties and improving in 11 counties. T3bie 1 summarizes these trends.
2
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Total Suspended Particulates (T5P)
The severity analyses performed on 1980 air data reveal that total
suspended particulates continue to be the most wide-spread pollutant problem
in the region. It was found that 17 of the 22 counties which exceeded the
primary standard also exceeded the alert levels. TSP was sampled in 100
counties. Twelve counties nad deteriorating air quality trends r rem 1977 to
1979, while only 3 counties showed a deteriorating trend in air quality for
i
the 1978-1980* period. The four counties with improved air qual ity during
1 977-79 continued to show this trend during the 1 973-30 period.
The volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington caused nigh TSP
readings in Montana and North Dakota, High readings in excess of 1500 ug/m3
occurred from May 19, 1981 to May 23, 1981 For the purposes of this report,
TSP values during this time period were ignored . No unusually high pollution
readings were noted during this time for the remaining parameters addressed in
this report {S02, N02, CO, Qx and lead).
Sulfur and Nitrogen Dioxide (SOp and M0^)
No appreciable trend was observed for sulfur dioxide or ni trogen dioxide
concentrations for the years 1973, 1979, and 1980. The number of counties
sampling in 1980 for S0? and N02 was less than half those counties
sampling in 1979. This reduction is due to the fact that so fen violations
have been observed in the past.
* See Trending Methods For Air Pollutants in Analytical Procedures - Air
Quality Section.
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Carbon Monoxide (CO)
During 1980, 14 counties monitored for carbon monoxide. Of the 11
counties where violations of the primary standard occurred, 4 of those
counties also experienced alert level violations. There were 13 counties with
primary CO violations in 1973 and 1 979. Th° number of counties with al *»rt
violations for those years were 3 and 7, respectively. During 1980 5 counties
displayed decreasing trends in carbon monoxi de concentrations.
Ozone
Twenty-one counties in the region had ozone sampling programs in 1980, No
statistical trends were apparent in the ozone data collected but the ozone
concentration in all but one of the counties exceeded the standard. During
1 979 only 5 counties reported ozone violations. One reason for this drastic
increase in counties reporting violations was a change in the method of
determining exceedences. A change in the National Primary and Secondary
Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone is described in the Federal Register,
Thursday, February 8, 1979, Part V, 850.9, pages 8220 and 8221. Basically it
states that the expected number of exceedences per year averaged over the pas*¦
three years must be less than or equal to one. If a site has two or more
observed exceedences each year the standard is not met and it is not necessary
to calculate expected exceedences. If missing value days occur and no other
exceedences occur for that year an estimate of the number of exceedences for a
year can be made All calculations were bas^d on February 8, 1979 change or
primary violation level to 0.12 part per million for maximum, hourly average
concentrati ons.
4
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b ad
Lead, a newly designated criteria pollutant, was sampled in 33 counties
during 1980 as compared to 19 counties that collected samples in 1979. Two
counties reported violations of the primary standard. Because half of the
sites sampling for lead are located in rural rather than in urban settings it
is difficul t to draw meaningful results from the data in terms of health
effects or in terms of trends in concentrations due to vehicular emissions.
Composite lead data obtai ned by the StVte of Colorado were used in this report
and the composite data were not utilized in the trend analysis where no
individual daily lead values were present. A lead smelter in one county in
Montana caused all 3 of the calendar quarters sampled to be in violation of
the primary standard wwhich is based on a 1.5 ug/m quarterly average
exceeden ce.
It is expected in the future that with the increased use of unleaded gas
m notor vehicles and with retirement of older vehicles, lead pollution will
cease to be a problem in the region except in the vicinity of a few industrial
sources.
Other Considerations
The comparisons of single year observations of pollutant concentrati ons is
generally considered inadequate for measuring and describing trends. Never-
theless, at sites which lacked long-term monitoring data or had frequent
missing periods of data it was considered better to calculate short-term
trends rather than perform no analysis whatsoever. Meteorological
considerations such as preci pitati on, solar intensity, wind speed and
direction have a major effect on year-to-year
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short-term changes in pollutants. These considerations were beyond the scooe
of this analysis. Current trends referenced in this report are approximated
i r^n the 1977, 1973, 1979, and 1980 data bases.
The map in Figure 1 gives a county-by-county picture of Regional air
quality status during 1980. Air quality for an entire county was determined
by a site within the county that exhibited the most severe pollutant
violations. Counties vith dotted areas .are those which sampled at least one
of the criteria pollutants for 75 percent of the total possible sampling time
and no violations of health standards were noted. A cross hatched area
indicates that at least one of the sampled sites in the county violated
primary air quality standards. Solid areas indicate where at least one of the
sites in t-.° county exceeded the ai p t l^vel , Counties without current
monitoring data or with less than 75 percent of the total possible sample are
1 eft blank .
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TABLE 1
Air Quality Monitoring
Summary of Air Monitoring
Region VIII in 1980
TSP
SQ2
NO-
CO
OZONE
LEAD
TOT
Total sites
179
29
16
18
24
61
327
Counties with data
100
19
16
14
21
33
203
Counties exceeding primary standard
22
3
0
11
20
2
58
Counties exceeding alert level
17
1
0
4
0
0
Counties with deteriorating air
3
0
3
I
1
0
8
quality (1978-1980)
Counties with improving air
A
0
2
5
0
0
11
quality (1978-1980)
Counties with insufficient data
«3
19
11
8
33
184
or no discernible trend
1 U.S. EPA. "Guideline for Public Reporting cf Daily Air Quality - Pollutant
Standards Index (PS I) EPA 450/2-76-013, August 19 76.
2 Instrumentation measures ozone which is the primary constituent of oxidants.
7
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Region VIII Air Quality Status
1980
5 Counties with at least one
sampling ^it.e that did not
meet-prinary ambient air
quality standards Tor at
least one pjll.nt.ant or c-x-
ceeded alert level .
•] Count ley nieet-inrj primary ambient
air quality standards (at least
one criteria pollutant sampled).
] Cbunties without current nnni-
tori.nq data or insutfieiant data.
Site where violation occurred.
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TABLE 2
Air Quality Pollutants and Health Effects
Pollutant
Physical Description
Health Effect at
Concentrations above
the Primary Standard
Total Suspended
Particulates (TSP)
TSP is a measurement of parti-
cles in the air (such as soot,
mist, and sprays) and includes
non-toxic materials (dust and
dirt) as well as toxic mater-
ials (lead, asbestos, sul-
fates). Natural and man-made
sources contribute to TSP
which affects the respiratory
system in varying degrees
depending on particle size
and chemical composition.
Particle sizes up to 1.5
micron size can be inhaled
into the lungs and particles
smaller than 2.5 can become
lodged deeply in the lungs.
Normally the size of major
concern is from .1 to 3
microns.
SO2 is a colorless gas with
a arid/pungent odor that is
detectable by most people at
concentrations greater than .3
to a part per million. When
combined with water it forms
sulfuric acid. When in the
air insufficient quantity
it can combine with rain to
form "acid rain." This is
a problem whose frequency
is just being recognized.
The most common form of SO2
in the atmosphere, results
from combustion of coal and
gas or as a by-product in
mineral smelting operations.
S02 reacts readily with
other atmospheric pollutants
to form sulfates, a group of
compounds responsible for
aggravation of respiratory
ailments.
Sulfur Dioxide
(S02)
Aggravation of asthma
and chronic lung
diseases, increased
cough, chest discom-
fort, restricted
activity, aggravation
of heart and lung
disease symptoms in the
elderly, increased death
rate; long term exposure
to TSP levels from 100-300
Mg/m^ may cause multiple
lung function changes.
Aggravat
aggravat
and lung
symptoms
elderly,
1un g ill
ed death
term exp
levels f
cause mu
functi on
ion of asthma,
ion of heart
disease
in the
i ncreased
ness, increas-
rate; long
osure to SO2
rom 05-lppm may
tiple lung
changes.
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Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
Ozone
(03)
CO is a colorless, odorless,
tasteless gas—a toxic product
of combustion. The automobile
engine represents the major
single source of this pollutant.
Ozone and other photochemical
oxidant compounds are formed
by a complex series of
chemical reactions occurring
when hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxides from motor vehicles or
other emission sources are
exposed to sunlight. Ozone,
the critical constituent in
oxidants, is a severe irritant
to human tissue.
Interference with
mental and physical
activity, reduced
capacity in persons
suffering from heart
and other circulatory
disorders; decreases
visual perception and
general alertness.
Aggravation of asthma
and chronic lung
disease, irritation of
the eye and of the
respiratory tract,
decreased vision,
reduced heart and lung
capacity.
Nitrogen Dioxide
(N02)
Lead
(Pb)
NO2 is a reddish-brown gas
with a pungent odor. It is
corrosive and is an oxidizing
agent which reacts with
hydrocarbon in sunlight to
form photochemical oxidants
(ozone primarily). NOj is
formed during high temperature
combustion (motor vehicle
engines and powerplant boilers).
Lead is a gray-white metal
with a high luster and low melt-
ing point. It is produced in a
much larger quantity than any
other toxic metal. The major
use of lead is as a knock
retardant (tetraethyl lead) in
gasoline. More than half the
lead in the country goes into
gasoline to produce almost 90%
of the total lead in the
atmosphere, a large majority of
which is in particualte form
(usually less than 2 microns).
Increased chronic
bronchitis, reduced
resistance to disease,
aggravation of chronic
lung disease.
Impairs hemoglobin
production, causes
anemia, often fatal
to infants.
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AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
The Environmental Protection Agency was given the authority to establish
ambient air quality standards which specify, for the principal and most
widespread classes of air pollutants, limitations necessary to protect the
public health and welfare. These pollutants currently are total suspended
particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide
and lead.
Two types of standards were established. Primary standards are set at
levels to protect him an health. Secondary standards are set at levels * d
protect against other forms of damage to such things as vegetation and
materials. The numerical value for each standard is listed in Appendix A.
Air Quality Nonattai rment Areas
The Clean Air Act Amendnents of 1977 placed additional requirements on the
States and EPA. Section 107(d) directed each State to submit a list of the
NAAQS attainment status for all areas within the State. These designations
were to be based on air quality levels that existed at the ^ime the Amendments
were enacted. States were required by EPA guidance to consider the most
recent four quarters of monitored ambient air quality data available. If
these data showed no standards violations, then the previous four quarters of
monitoring data were to be examined to assure that the current indication of
attai rment was not the result of a single year's data reflecting
unrepresentative meteorological conditions. In the absence of sufficient
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monitored air quality data, other evaluation methods were used, including air
quality disperson modeling. The Act specified that the designated areas could
be based on air quality control regions {AQCRs) or any subportions of these
areas. EPA advised States they could divide (AQCRs) into various
nonattai rment» attainment, or unclassified portions, i.e., county, subcounty,
or other geographic areas as long as the area could be clearly defined in a
written narrative. Additionally, a different geographic area could be used in
designating the status for each pollutant. The section 107(d) designations
were meant to provide a starting point for States in their effort to correct
existing air quality problems and to implenent programs under the 1977 CAA
Amendments. But the designation of an area as nonattainment or attainment
must be considered only a point of departure and not a final, inflexible end
in itself. Table 2 indicates, on a stace-by-state, pol1utant-by-pol1utant
basis, the attainment status of every area as submitted by the appropriate
State agency and approved, or as designated by the Environmental Protection
Agency. No distinctions have been made as to the severity of the violations
recorded in the areas designated by nonattai nment in this table. Each area
was designated nonattairanent for primary or secondary standard violations, A
"P" indicates "(toes not meet primary standards" and MS" indicates "does not
meet secondary standards'*. The 1980 status and trends for each nonattai rment
area in Region VIII are described in the appropriate state summary.
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TABLE 3
EPA NONATTAINMENT AREAS IN REGION VIII
FEDERAL REGISTER - MARCH 3, 1978
TSF SO? NO? CO 03
Montana Col strip Area P
City of Columbi a Falls P
City of Missoula P
Missoula Area S
Bi 1 lirigs Area S
i Great Falls Area S
Butte Area S
East Helena Area S PS
Laurel Area P
Anaconda Area PS
City of 8 il lings P
Yellowstone County P
Rosebud County P
So. Dak. Rapid City Area P
Utah Davis County S P
Salt Lake County P PS P P
Utah County P P
Weber County P P
City of Pri ce P
Cedar City S PS
Tooele County PS
Uintah County P
City of Bountiful P
City of Ogden P
City of Provo P
Wyoming Trona Industrial Area P
Sweetwater County
Colo. Lar imer-Wel d P P
Desi gnated Area
Denver Desi gnated Area P P P P
Colo. Springs 3-C P P
Pueblo 3-C P
Mesa Designated Area P
El Paso County P
Ft. Col li ns-Gre°l
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TABLE 4
EPA NONATTAINMENT AREAS IN REGION VIII
CURRENT
ISP SO? NO? CO 0,
"¦MimuiiiMniim inni'-.ifonn , ¦*«< i,.m. ...i
CO Denver Designated Area PS P P P
Colo. Springs 3-C PS P P P
Pie Wo 3-C PS P
Mesa Designated Area P
Ft. Col lins-Greeley S P P
MT Col strip Area P
City of Columbia Falls P
City of Missoula P P
Missoula Area S
City of 3i1 lings S P
Great Falls Area S ' P
Butte Area P
East Helena Area S PS
Laurel Area P
Anaconda Area PS
SO Rapid City Area P P
UT Davis County Designated Area S P
Salt Lake Co. Designated Area P PS P
Utah County Designated Area 0
Weber County Designated Area P
Cedar City PS
Tooele County Designated Area PS
City of Bountiful P
City of Ogden P
City of Provo P
Salt Lake City P
rfY Trona Industrial Area P
P - Does riot meat primary standard
S - Does not meet secondary standard
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CO
MT
SD
UT
TABLE 5
EPA NONATTAINMENT AREAS .IN REGION VI LI
CURRENT
TSP
Denver Designated Area P
Colo. Springs 3-C P
Pueblo 3-C P
Mesa Designated Area P
-t. Col li ns-Greeley :>
Colstrip Area * P
City of Columbia Falls P
City of Missoula P
Missoula Area S
City of Bil1ings S
Great rails Area S
Butte Area P
East He!ena Area S
Laurel Area
Anaconda Area
Rapid City Area P
Davis County Designated Area S
Salt '_ake Co. Designated Area P
Utah County Designated Area P
Weber County Designated Area P
Cedar City
Tooele County Designated Area
City of Bountiful
City of Ogden
City of Provo
Salt Lake City
S02 no2
P
PS
p
PS
PS
PS
PS
CO
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
Ox
p
p
p
WY
Trona Industrial Area
P - Does not meet primary standard
S - Does not meet secondary stan
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ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Status and Severity Analysis
Status and severity of air quality are determined by comparing
measurements made at monitoring stations to air pollution standards. The
indicator used to characterize air quality status in this manner was the
number of days in which measurements exceed the primary standards at the worst
site in each county. The indicator may not actually represent air quality for
the entire county, however the worst site is always selected in an area where
measured concentrations are affecting some segment of the population.
Complete procedures for determining status are documented in Appendix r
Another indicator is used to demonstrate the severity of the problem.
Each pollutant has been assigned an alert level, the concentration at which
the public must be notified of possible adverse health affects. These values
shown in Appendix B are significantly higher than the standards and are not
frequfnMy encountered.
These two indicators correspond to break points in the Pollutant Standards
Index (PS I) wh ich is becoming the nationwide for reporting air quality
levels to the public. In the PS I the worst site pollutant concentration in
each metropolitan is chosen, and the index is calculated from the
concentration at the site referenced to primary standards and alert levels.
PSI breakpoints are detailed by pollutant in Appendix B.
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Trend Methods For Air Pollutants
Modification to Trending Methods used to analyze the data for this report
attempted to concentrate on two heretofore elusive statistical
considerations: Censoring and Autocorrelation. Censoring is present when one
or more observations are at or below the detection limit of the sample.
Autocorrel ati on is present when each observation in the data set is not
i ndependent of each of the other observations. Both of these variable
t
characteristics affect the variance of any estimator obtained from the data.
Since the trending technique used in this analysis utilizes confi dence
intervals for true means, which incorporate variances in their construction,
it is important to adequately incorporate the censoring and autocorrel ati on
effects.
Autocorrelation studies on air pollutants sampled once every hour show no
significant 24-hour autocorrel ati on. In ot ner words, each 1:00 A.M. reading
is independent of each other 1:00 A.M. reading. Likewise, each 2:00 P.M.
readtng is i ndependent of each other 2:00 P M -eading, et There is,
however, very high 1-hour autocorrelation, being on the order of 0.7. This
lead to the logical grouping together of all of the 1:00 A.M. data, then all
Of the 2:00 A.M. data, etc. A further grouping was done on season, due to
significant shifts in pollutant popul ati ons from season to season. From each
grouping of independent hourly observations, a sample average and sample
variance were computed. Censoring was handled by computer simulations for the
censored values. Fach of the 24 sample averages was then used to compute an
overall seasonal average. In order to realistically estimate the variance of
each seasonal average, the autocorrelation in the 24-hourly averages *as
incorporated into the formulae. Next, the four seasonal averages were used to
17
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compute an overall yearly average. The variance of this overall yearly
average was estimated from the variance estimates of the 4 seasonal averages.
The averages and estimated variances were then used in constructing confidence
intervals for the true yearly means. These intervals were then examined for
any overlap in order to detect no significant shifts in the mean values.
Non-overlapping intervals indicated significant shifts, the nature of which
(i.e. either up or down} was gotten from the relative positions of the
confidence intervals.
TSP is not sampled on an hourly basis. Autocorrelation studies on TSP
data shew very little first or da" autocorr-el ati on. Also, TSP values are
rarely censored. The TSP analysis, therefore, need not incorporate
autocorrel ati on corrections of the variance estimates and the TSP data need
not be grouped into sets of independent ober vat ions since the observations are
independent at the stare. Hence, each season's grouping of data may be
considered as a sample with independent ober vat ions from which the seasonal
means and variances are estimated.
This year's analysis was done primarily on pollutant years and not on
calendar years. A pollutant year is defined from December 1 to Novejnber 30.
So, pollutant year 1980 is from December 1 , 1979 to November 30', 1980. This
is done so as to preserve seasonal continuity since seasonal grouping 's an
important part of this year's trending technique.
18
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SECTION 11
STATE AIR QUALITY SUMMARIES
i a
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BASIC CONTENTS OF STATE SUMMARIES
The following graphics and charts appear as a part of each state summary:
1, A map showing the location of all active air quality
monitoring sites In the state. Stations with more than
75 percent of all possible data are represented by squares.
Circles identify stations where less than 75 percent of the
data were collected.
2- ft table specifying stations and pollutants used for trends
and/or status in each county. Stations with less than three
years of data were not used for trending but were used for
determining current status Each station used for either
status or trends was required to have 75 percent of the maximum
possible data.
3. A table showing the number of violation days for the years
1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 for each pollutant at sites within
designated nonattainment areas. Both alert level and primary
level violation days were noted along with a count of sampling
days.
4. A bar chart showing total days sampled and alert and primary
20
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violation days in 1980 by county and specific site. Each site
with a violation or criteria pollutants is displayed.
•5, A chart showing current status and trends by county and
pollutant. If there were no data or insufficient data in the
county, arrows were not shown. Status was determined by
comparing the 1377, 1973, and 1980* data, Ozone status was
based on a three year average of 1-hour primary level violation.
* See Trending Methods For Air Pollutants in Analytic Procedures - Air Quality
Section.
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COLORADO AIR QUALITY
The Denver metropolitan area, Colorado Springs area Pueblo and the ort
Collins/Greeley areas still are the major air pollution problem areas in
Colorado, High TSP violation rates were recorded at Denver's 21st and
Broadway site, TSP violations were also noted at sites in 13 other counties.
Nearly 30 percent of all instances in which the TSP health primary standard
was exceeded involved concentrations at or above the alert level, not only in
heavily populated Denver County, but also throughout most of the State.
Carbon monoxide violations tend to be confined to the metropolitan areas of
Denver, Colorado Springs, Fort Collins and Greeley, Denver has by far the
lost numerous CO violations although the quality trend is improving. Seven
percent of the total CO exceedences of the primary health standard involved
concentrations above the alert level. This is down from 21 percent in 1979.
The Denver metro area had all except one of the 10 alert level violations (10)
in the State, One expected and one actual ozone standard exceedence were
recorded in the Denver metro area, the Fort Collins/Greeley area and hp
Colorado Springs area.
Status of Nonattainment Areas in Colorado
Larimer-Weld Designated Areas - The State of Colorado Air Pollution Control,
Division with the approval of EPA, changed the primary nonattainment status
for T-P The designation or TSP was changed to a secondary standard for Fort
Collins and Greeley. On November 26, 1979, the Larimer-Weld designated area
was changed to unclassified for ozone. The only station sampling ozone during
22
-------
1973, 1979 was at Greeley. This station showed one violation each year in
1378, 1979 and 1980. Fort Collins started an ozone monitoring station in
1980, No violations occurred at that station.
El Paso County - This area was changed to unclassified for ozone on November
25, 1979. No violations were observed at the Colorado Springs station for
1975 to lQ/9 However, seven expected exceedences were calculated for 1930
because of missing data.
Denver Designated Area - Total suspended particulates were sampi*d in an area
shown by the map in Appendix D, Causes of violations are the power plants,
fireplaces, auto and truck exhaust, street cleaning, winter sanding, unpaved
roads, construction work, demolition activities, unpaved alleys and parking
a^ea ,
The number of sampling stations remained approximately the same, i.e., 25
in 1977, 22 in 1978, 23 in 1979, and 20 in 1980, but the sampling days
increased from 91 in 1977 to 144 in 1978, 177 in 1979 and 162 in 1980. No
significant trend in pollution was noted. However, overall primary and alert
level violations decreased slightly from 1979 to 1980. Increased downtown
construction appears to be one of the causes of the 1979-1980 increase in TSP
violation levels.
The nitrogen dioxide nonattainment area generally represented by the
Denver metro area is shown on the map in Appendix D. The carbon monoxide and
23
-------
~zone nonattainment areas consist of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Douglas
and Jefferson Counties. Automobile emissions as affected by meteorological
phenomenon cormton to the Rocky Mountains are the main cause of ri09, CO and
0X pollutant problems. There were 3 stations monitoring NQ2 during 1980,
2 in 1979, 3 in 1978, and 5 in 1977. No violations were noted in 1978, 1979
or 1980,
Eight stations were used to monitor CO with an improvement trend in
violation rates for the four year period. Of the 359 days sampled in 1980, 82
days showed primary or alert level violations - down considerably from the 160
days in 1979, Seven ozone stations operating in 1978, 1979, and 1980 (5 in
1977) showed no specific trend during this period. There were 3 primary
violations in 1980 compared with 12 in 1979,
Colorado Springs 3C Area - The area of El Paso County in and around Colorado
Springs comprises this area. CO problems are primarily caused by automobiles
and the meteorology and topography of the area. The last four years have
shown a general primary violation day increase from 0 and 4 in 1977 and 1978
respectively to 11 and 7 violations in 1979 and 1980 respectively.
Along with the semi-arid climate which promotes the potential for air
borne dust, winter sanding, grading and construction activities contribute to
TSP problems. The one station which sampled this area for an average of 81
days per year showed no primary violations during 1977, 1978, 1979 or 1980,
Pueblo 3C Area - The nap in Appendix 0 shows the area of nonattainment for TSP
which consists of the City of Pueblo and its immediate outskirts. The Cr&I
24
-------
Steel Company is one of the major contributors to TSP along with
nontraditional sources. Four stations were sampled for ISP an average of 88
days from 1977 to 1980. During 1377 six primary violation days were
observed. There were only 5 total primary violations in the 1978 to 1980
period.
Mesa Designated Area - This area is in and around Grand Junction. Three
stations were sampled in 1977 and 1973 with four stations used in 1979 and
1980. No violations for TSP were no^ed m any of the four years which were
sampled an average of 84 days per year.
~ort Collins - Greeley Area - The City limits of rort Collins and Greeley
constitute the limits of this area. This area showed only 1 primary level
violation of TSP but 23 secondary level violations in 1980. Motor vehicles
cause the vast majority of CO emissions in these two cities with the
meteorology and topography of the area being of some consideration in
pollution dispersion. The two stations (one in Greeley and one in -ort
Collins) were sampled daily and showed a marked decrease in carbon monoxide
alert and primary standard violations from 1979 to 1980. Nine alert level
violations were observed in 1979 versus 0 in 1980.
The TSP sampling done at these stations showed, no apparent increase in
primary violation levels between 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 {1,2,2,1}. The
average number of sampling days was 85 per year. This area was changed to a
secondary level nonattainment area in 1979. The year 1980 showed only one
primary violation but 23 secondary level violations.
-------
Other Problem Areas - No N on attainment Status - The worst continuing "Si-*
problem area which is currently riot a TSP nonattainment area is Steamboat
Springs (Routt County). Fugitive dust problems are the main causes of
violations here. During 1980 there were 4 alerts and 11 primary level
violations.
26
-------
CHlftZt
Vm teM&yiti
<>*. nJITA i (¦ j
¦u«WI«fTA 1 es»f joa
COLORADO
MONITORING
SITES
I
I
I
ADAMS
ARAPAHOE
27
Stations with greater than 75
of maximum possible data
Stations with less than 75^
of maximum possible data
-------
COLORADO
STATIONS
USED FOR TRENDS
AND/OR STATUS
County
City or
Locati on
Stati on No.
ISP
SO?
JO
4cLti ;
Adams
Aurora
Bri ghton
Wei by
Westrai nster
060020001F01
060140001F01
060240001F01
062210001F01
062240002F01
X
X
X
X
X
X
Alamosa
Alamos a
060040001F01
X
Arapahoe
Cherry Cr. Dam
Engl e*iood
S, Univ. Blvd.
Aurora
060080001F01
060780001F01
060080002F01
060440002F01
X
X
X*
X*
Archuletta
Pagosa Spgs
060100001F01
X
80ulder
Soulder
Soul der
3oulder
Longmont
060200001F01
060200008G05
060200006G05
061460001F01
X
X
Clear Cr
Idaho Springs
060360001F01
X*
Del ta
Del ta
060540001F01
X
Denver
Denver/Annex
Denver 21st/Bdwy.
Denver Health Dept
Denver/Colo. Blvd.
Denver/Mari on
Qenver/Juli an
Denver/1Q50S. Bdwy
060580001F01
060580002F01
. 060580007F01
060530010F01
060 580012 F01
060580009F01
. 060580003F02
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Doug]as
Castle Rock
060660001F01
X
Eagl e
Vail
060700002F01
X
El P so
Colorado Springs
Coloradp Springs
060330004F01
060330006F01
X
X*
Franont
Canon City
060300001F01
X
Garf iel d
Glenwood Springs
Rifle
060 920001F01
060880001F01
\*
A
Gunni son
Crested Butte
Crested Butte
061020001F01
061040002F01
X*
X
~Status Only
23
-------
COLORADO
STATIONS USEJ FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
County
City or
Locati on
Stati on
Number
TSP
SO? NO? CO
Ox
LEAD
Jefferson
Ar vada
Arvada
Go! den
Lakawood
Rocky FT ats
060120002F01
060120003F01
060940001F01
061260001. F01
061140001F02
X
X*
¥
A
X*
X
X
X*
X*
la Plata
Ourango
060630003F01
X
X*
Larimer
Ft Colli ns
Lovel and
060820001FOX
061480002F01
X
X
X*
X*
X*
Las Animas
Tri ni dad
062160002FOX
X
X*
L ogan
Sterling
062030001F01
X*
Mesa
Frui ta
Grand Jet
Palisade
Grand Jet
Grand Jet
061520001F01
060980010F01
061520002F01
060980011F01
060980012F01
X
X
X
X*
X*
X
X*
X*
X*
Moffat
Crai g
060480001FOl
X*
Monte ziiTia
Mesa Verde
Cortez
061530003F03
060440002FOi
X
X*
X*
Montrose
Montrose
061620001FOl
X*
X*
i'Ii r gan
Brush
060230001FOl
Otero
La Junta
061220001F01
X
P itkin
Aspen
061780001FOl
X
Prowers
Lamar
061230001FOl
X
Puebl o
Pueblo
Puebl o Fire Sta.
Pueblo Healtn
Department
061820001F01
061820003F01
061820007F01
X
X
xx
A*
Rout*
Steamboat Spgs
061920003F01
X
X*
?n Miguel
Tell uri de
062 000001 FOl
X*
i*
Meld
Greeley
Greeley
Greel ey
Johnstown
PI atteville
061000003F01
061000005F01
061000006F01
06272Q005F01
062720005F01
X*
X
X*
X
X
X*
X*
29
~Status Only
-------
COLORADO
STATIONS NOT USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
75% OF MAXIMUM DAYS
- LESS THAN
County
Boul der
Denver
Fremont
Rio B1anco
City
or Location Station jo T^P
Brootnfield 0602 60001FOI
Boulder 060200008G05
Denver-Gates Rubber
Denver-1010 S Bdwy
E Colfax & Colo 31 vd
Florence
Ran gel y
060580003F01 X
060530003F02 X
060530010F01 X
060800001F01 X
061860002F01 X
30
-------
I
AIR QUALITY TROWS
BASED ON STANBAKU VIOLATIONS
COLOMBO
NOHATTAl NMEMT AltliAS
i'l] I -i 1 SlILsjJi u.li'il i'.H I } i' U 1 tl L L :l
Hitrogen Dioxide
Carbon Honoxide
hi .IS .
Ctioni,
Ave •
Arltli.
W/Yrly,
Arllli.
Hoiiuii a 1 iwmiit
ll.iyu
Huun u
Viol,
Percent.
Mifim o
Avg.
Mays
Me UN .
Viol ,
Ari-n
Yi-.ir
Sam|s 1 cii
Daya
Stab.
Oli. /S c u.
(ck/*1)
VililS ._ _
Staa,
Snap led
(Hk/b*)
li.iyb
M.is
Denver
1977
91
85
A-4/P-11
25
B6*
66
P-2
5
165
1,7
A-lB/P-l
y
IfcsigijdtL-1 &
l'J 78
lit',
HH
A-B/P-26
22
72Z
75
P-0
3
365
2.7
A- K/l'-lftt
3
19/«J
177
33
A-27/V-52
23
911
76
P-0
%
J6S
2.7
A-M/P-160
9
I'jao
167
95
A-2J/t'-*54
20
9GX
68
I'-O
3
359
2.3
A-d/P-82
a
Cuh>r»t*lu
iy/?
ao
78
P-0
1
'150
2.0
P-0
2
1! 1 J lt|;u JC
1978
71
87
P-0
1
1(> r>
2 .i
A-l/P-4
2
i m1)
82
87
P-0
1
165
2.3
A-l/P-H
2
19U0
91
86
P-0
i
365
2,1
P-7
2
I'ut-i. I o JC I '117 "JO 99 A-l/P-6 2
fj?a 79 97 P~1 2
i 9 / y % 95 A-l/P-2 2
19b(l 7fJ an P-2 4
ii Awiijiigc of the geoDiutrti: or ariilunetic means tin all stations
A - A lurt Violation ISays
1* - Primary Slamlaiil Viol ai 1 un liayti
S - SiicomUtry SinmlftrJ Viola! Inn Duya Uliere NunuEtolniuent Area
-------
AIR QUALITY TRENDS (Contil)
MASEO OH STANDARD VIOLATIONS
COLOKAW1
HONATTAIHMENT ARKAS
t ti fitment
Area
ISSI
Total Sugpemled Particulate*
Bays
liSEli
Geont*
Mean u
lifti,/!'
St AC
Avj» .
Percent
uU./Sta.
Hitragtm Dluxlde
A r i tli.
Hew h
Ifeg/ggi
SUHi ,
W/Yrly.
Avg.
Viola.
St«s.
Days
Carbon Ikmoxide
A i 111).
Menu u
Viol,
tin ye
Stan,
Mesa
t-j Dot* ud Area
l')/7
1978
19 / *J
11M0
91
77
86
DO
62
61
M
n
Fort Col Una
Criiu 1 .y
ID/7
I97M
I'J/'J
1981)
81
81
87
•JO
62
hd
M
71
3*»"»
Jbt
36'J
332
K4
I .<•
2.5
1.6
I'-fa
I*-'.
A-'l/l'-iO
I'-1 '.!
•1 Av«ia|jii •»! (lie gctnu'lrlc or .trllionet U* mm*M for all ulntloifB
A - A I «• t L V luldt it>» lUys
1' " rrJnuty Stundjnl VloldlJmi ftayti
!i »* Ilccun.lut y ill miiluitl V lolm tiw lljya Ulii'ic Nuii.itt.alraauni Ari'a
-------
Alii QUALITY TRENDS
BASED ON STANDARD VIOLATIONS
CO!QRADQ
NOMATTAi NM1SNT AREAS
Nonat LainmenL Area
Denver Designated Area
Year
197 7
1978
1 979
1980
'J 6 J
3 56
365
361)
Avuragt: Arithmetic
Meuii of: Stationa
(Parts/;i.i I t ion)
.020
.022
.023
,o:v(
Ozone; _
Ac tun1
Viola t ion
Days
I1-] r5
A- 1 /1' —5
P-l 2
l'-i
No. £1 f
Slatj una
5
7
7
7
w
CO
A - Alert Violation Days
P - Primary Standard Violation Days
-------
NUMBER OF DAYS THAT PRIMARY STANDARD OR ALERT LEVEL WAS
EXCEEDED IN 1980
COLORADO
CARBON MONOXIDE
Days/Year
County
(City or Location)
Days Sampled
(% of Maximum)
Boulder (Boulder)
Denver (Colo. Blvd.)
(2105 Broadway)
(Julian)
El Paso (Colo, Spgs.)
(Colo. Spgs. Uinta)
Jefferson (Arvada)
Larimer (Ft, Collins)
Weld (Greeley)
Adams
Arapahoe
Boulder
Denver
El Paso
Jefferson
Larimer
Held
(Welby)
(So, Univ.)
(Aurora)
(Boulder)
(Julian)
(Broadway)
(Colo. Spgs.)
(Arvada)
(Ft. Collins)
(Greeley)
78
84
90
87
95
99
90
79
83
89
71
6
78
88
91
91
91
9
78
OZONE
10
30.
1Q 72
1 30
Expected or actual exeeedence
Days/Year (1978-1980 average)
10
20
3 E
I A
~ E
1 E
—t A
¦amaiaaiiiiq!
£¦
Primary level exceeded
Alert level exceeded
34
-------
NUMBER OF DAYS THAI PRIMARY STANDARD 01 ALERT LEVEL WAS
EXCEEDED IN 1980
COLORADO
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
Days/Year
County
(City or Location)
Days
Sampled
Adams (Adams City) 84
Alamosa (Alamosa) 87
Arapahoe (8100 S. Univ. Bldv.) 83
Archuleta (Pagosa Spgs.) 84
Denver (City County Bldg.) 85
(2105 Broadway) 177
(51st & Marion) 87
Eagle (Vail) 92
Garfield (Rifle) 88
Gunnison (Crested Butte) 75
La Plata (Durango) 80
Larimer (Loveland) 79
Moffat (Craig) 71
Routt (Steamboat Spgs.) 68
San (Telluride) 74
Miguel
10
(116)
(78)
(51)
30
1
*—*
»-»
*-4
i (120
50
!
(130)
(156)
I CU9)
I (86)
Primary level exceeded
MM Alert level exceeded
( ) Annual Geometric
-------
STATUS AND TRENDS IN AIR QUALITY
COLORADO'
County TSP SQ2 S02 CO Ox LEAP
s>OOni>n
On ~
Aaams
Archuleta
Boulder
Denver
~wn
El Paso
Gunnison
La Plata
~
~
11
County
TSP S02
N'o:. CO Ox LEAD
Larimer
0 ~
Las Animas
o
~
Logan
~
Mesa
l>a
~
Moffat
¦
Montezuma
~
Montrose
~'
Morgan
~
Otero
Pitkin
iv
Prowers
Pueblo
~
Rout t
~
San Miguel
¦
~
Weld
¦>
ODD
Ho evidence standard exceeded
Exceeds primary standard
Exceeds alert level
Improvement
Mo apparent trend
Deterioration
3lJ Status Based on Annual Mean Only
36
-------
MONT ANA AIR QUALITY
Improving and degrading air quality trends were detected at some of the
monitoring sites in the state, Imorovements in air quality were noted at the
City of Missoula and the Anaconda area. Decreases in carbon monoxide
violations were evident in the Missoula area even though the city is situated
in a valley where air stagnation and pollution entrapment have been a
problem. The number of sulfur dioxide violations in the Anaconda area
continues to decline. The Anaconda smelter was shut down in September 1980.
Status of Nonattainment Areas in Montana
Rosebud County - This area was changed from nonattainment to unclassified for
ozone. No ozone sampling was done in Montana during 1975, 1978 or 1979. At
the u y of Rosebud there were no ozone violations during the 290 sampling
days in 1977,
Colstrip Area - The Rosebud County area is a square approximately 11 miles on
a side centered at Colstrip, Montana. This area had been designated
nonattainment for TSP for both 24 hour and annual primary standards, rive
sampling sites in the area had no primary violations and only two secondary
violations during the 32 days of sampling in 1979, At the Ashland site, the
only site sampled in prior years, no violations were detected for the years
1976, 1977 and 1978.
City of Columbia "alls - The city limits of Columbia "alls describes the TSP
nonattainment area located in "1athead County. This area was designated
nonattainment for the primary standard. Fugitive dust from Highway 40 and
-------
Nucleus Avenue is the major TSP contributor. These streets -nil oe rebuilt
and maintained by the city to alleviate this problem Even though no daily
violations were observed for the 27 samples taken in 1977, there were 5
violations observed in iQ78 and 1979. The total samples taken were 55 in 19/8
and 8 in 1979.
City of Missoula - The ci*j limits of Missoula make up he ~.rea -
-------
six stations had 11 secondary violation days of Lhe 165 days sampled, No
primary violations were noted, in 1977 or 1978, with only 3 primary violation
days in 1979,
Great ~a11s Area - This area is bounded by 2nd Avenue N on tne north, 2nd
Avenue S on the south, 10th Street on the east and the Missouri Rivet- jn the
south. It is designated nonattainment for secondary violations of TSP,
Windblown particulate matter from street sanding is a major problem. No
primary violations were noted in 1978, 1979 and 1980 for the stations tna
sampled 93, 126 and 57 days respectively. Only 4 secondary violations were
recorded in IQ8^
Great Falls has recently been made a primary level violation nonattainment
area for carbon monoxide. One station was used for sampling CO and this
showed 4 primary level violation out of 94 sampling days in 1979. The years
1977 and 1973 also showed 4 and 10 primary level violations respectively The
station location between 1977 and 1979 was at the center of the city near the
conmercial district. The 1930 sampling of 128 days showed only 1 primary
level violation. However, the station was moved in 1980 to a
suburban-commercial district. This might have accounted for the lower
violation rate and arithmetic mean,
Butte Area - The northeast section of Butte is currently designated
nonattainment for primary TSP violations. Fugitive dust emission violations
declined in iQ80. This pollutant is caused by the open pit mine owned by
Anaconda Copper Company and unpaved roads. Only one primary violation day was
noted for 133 days sampled, rive primary violation days were noted out of 240
39
-------
days sampled at six stations in 1979. Only two primary standard violations
were noted in 1977 and no violations occurred In 1978. These stations were
sampled for 44 days in 1977 and 181 days in 1973.
East Helena Area - The designation of nonattainment for primary level S0?
violations covers an area of about one-half mile radius around the ASARCO
smelter, A 1400-foot square area in the northeast corner of the S0? area
has been designated a nonattainment TSP_ area because of secondary standard
violations. The ASARCO lead smelter causes the majority of the TSP emission
problems. One TSP sampling site is located in the East Helena area. Starting
in 1980 Helena sites showed no primary level TSP violations in 1977 thru
!y/9 The East Helena ite showed 2 secondary standard violations of 39
samples taken in 1980.
A station is set up in Montana City four miles SSE of the ASARCO plant to
monitor S0?. No violations of the primary standard were shown at this site
for 1977 thru 1979 even tnougn there were 290, 183 and 133 days of sampling
respectively. Eighty percent of the emissions are from 400-foot stacks, while
the remaining 20 percent of the emissions are from 110-foot stacks and subject
to down wash Taller stacks (37o feet) have been suggested as a replacement
to the 110-foot stacks to solve down wash problems. In 1980 a station was
functioning in East Helena. No violations occurred for 272 sampling days.
laurel Area - An area of about 1.5 mile radius around the Cenex Refinery is
the area designated nonattainment for primary S0? standard violations. One
site used for monitoring showed 14 and 10 primary violation days in "^/S and
1979, respectively, down from 33 in 1977. The number of days sampled has
decreased over tnp trend period to 94 days in 1980 (only January thru June).
DnU two primary level violations occurred in 1980.
40
-------
Anaconda Area - A-6 mile square area centered at trie Anaconda Copper smelter
constitutes the nonattainment area designated because of S02 violations.
The Anaconda smelter was shut down in September 1980. No /iolations occurred
after August 2, 1980.
City of 3i11inqs - The area bounded by 6th Avenue N on the north, the
Burlington Northern tracks on the south, U.S. 87 on the east and Division
Street on the west has been designated as nonattainment for carbon monoxide
violations. Motor vehicle emissions ause almost all the CO problems, lo
data were collected in 1379 or 1980 at any site in Billings. Only one station-
was used for 1977, 1978 and 1980. This showed three daily violations of 275
sample days taken in 1977, no violations for 82 sample days taken in 1978 and
no iviolations for 73 sample days in 1980, Three major intersections need
modifications to helo alleviate this problem area.
Billings was changed from nonattainment to unclassified for ozone. No
ozone data was collected in 1973, 1979, or 1980.
41
-------
Montana
MONITORING SIT
42
Stations with 75% or sore of
maximum possible data
Stations with less than ~5%
of maximum oossible data
-------
MONTANA
STATIONS USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
County
City or Location
Station Mo.
T5P
so
Big Horn
N.E. of Dec
-------
MONTANA
STAT [WIS USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
County
S il verbow
Yellowstone
City or
Locati on
Station No. TSP SOg CO 0^ LEAD
Butte
270160006F01
X
X*
Tierney
271480014F02
X
Butte
270160020F01
X*
X*
Butte
270160018FQ1
X*
X*
Butte
270160019FQ1
X
X*
8 i 11 i rigs
270030059F01
X*
X*
p
B illings
270080007G01
X
Billings
270080008G01
X
Billings
2 700S0009G 01
X
Laurel
270840001G02
X
X*
Laurel
270840009F01
X*
Laurel
270840009F05
X*
44
Status Only
-------
mdntana
STATIONS NOT USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS - LESS THAN
75% OR MAXIMUM DAYS
County C ity or Location Station Number TSP
Big Horn Decker-Warren Ranch 270060009F03 X
Cascade Great Falls 270660GQ9G01 X
Kiwanis Park 270660015FG1 X
i
Daniels Scoby 270340001F03 X
Scoby 270340002F03
Scoby 2 70 340003 F03 X
Rosebud BN Site 271 360027FQ2 X
Yellowstone Billings 2 70080006 F 05 X
45
-------
Al« (JUALITV TRENDS
UASED OH STANDARD V [0( ATUJNS
MONTANA
NONA! IAIHMENf AliLAS
Total Suspended Particulates
Carton Monoxide
Days
Mean
Hrm.U raiment Area
fear
Sampled
tu«j/<
Col strip Area
197/
n
19
19/8
n
14
1979
32
n
1980
4
68
City of Columbia
1977
27
U2
Falls
19/8
65
91
1979
GO
ill
1980
53
86
City of Missoula
1977
365
52
.
19/8
380
66
1979
365
60
1980
M9
65
GemiiHric
%MitUw
P-0
i'-O
f'-O
P-0
P-0
A-3/P-5
A-2/P-8
A-2/P-2
P-7
A-6/P-16
A-l/P-10
A-5/P-fl
1
1
5
2
1
2
1
2
8
9
6
5
Ar i t tinet it.
SW)
MaUon 1Mb
?. 90
5.9
A-li? /P-133
1
ISO
5.9
A-21/P-86
2
OS
2.0
A-l/P-9
1
1
2.6
P-l
1
a Averaiji- of the Geometric or Aiiltortic Means for all Stations
A » Alert Violation flays
!' Primai-y Standard Violation Days
-------
AIR DUALITY TRENDS
BASED ON SIWIWRB VIOLATIONS
MONTANA
HOHATfAiNfttlf AREAS
lljojiallaUinent Area
0 f 11 lug;. Area
Great Falls Area
Butte Area
Year
Days
SiuniJltiJ
Total Suspended Particulates
Geuaetr ic
Hean av
(ug/nr*'
Kill
at ion
lM.k gglled
19/?
60
46
P-0
¦1
19/8
138
39
P-0
7
19/9
303
63
P-3
S
1980
165
60
P-0
b
19//
99
62
A-l/P-1
2
161
19/8
93
40
P-0
4
57
] 'J/9
126
51
P-0
4
y.i
1980
5?
48
P-0
9
128
19//
>14
5?
P-2
b
19/a
1 Jl
¦16
P-0
8
19/0
240
67
P-5
6
1300
133
S?
fM
6
Carbon Monoxide
Ac i LlwiM. ic
2. 7
3,6
3.0
.9
IMat
P-10
P-4
a Avcraye of Use Geometric or Arillwetlt Mem for all Stations
ft ' Alert Violation Days
P = Primary Sunilar d Violation Days
-------
AIR QUALITY TRENDS
BASED OH STANDARD VIOLATIONS
MONTANA
NONATTA IN ME NT AREAS
£
C ity of
Bill iikjs
Total
Suspended
Particulai
s
Sulfur
D i ox i ile
G emu.
Ari Ui.
Ft una L La i intent
Days
an a
Viol .
Ni). of
Days
Mean a
Viol.
Ho. i
Days
If ear
Sampl etl
{uy/iit5]
t 0aj/s
Stat i ons
SampleJ
(ug/m3)
Days
Stat
E. Helena A
1977
48
54
P-0
2
290
27
P-0
1
1978
68
53
P-0
3
183
10
P-0
1
1979
59
GO
P-0
2
133
19
P-0
1
1980
40
54
P-0
1
266
24
P-0
1
Ldure J Area
1 977
191
151
P-33
2
1978
75
130
A-2/P-14
2
1979
172
104
P- 10
2
1900
94
48
P-2
2
Anaconda Area
197/
365
54
A-0/P-2U
10
1978
363
71
A-40/P-136
11
1979
335
81
A-3/P-18
9
1900
324
84
A-13/P-60
7
1 977
1978
1979
1900
Days
S dill (J j U<|
Carban Monoxide
Arith.
Mean a
(Mg/tn3)
Viol ,
Days
Nu. or
SI at i ons
226
U2
0
7 3
2.6
2,0
7.3
P-3
P-0
P-0
1
1
0
1
a Average of the Geometric or Aritlnetlc means for all Stations
A - AlerL Violation (Jays
P - Priinai'y SLdritiard Violations
-------
NUMBER OF DAYS THAT PRIMARY STANDARD 01 ALERT LEVEL WAS
EXCEEDED IN 1980
MONTANA
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
County
(City or Location)
Days
Sampled 0
Days/Year
10 20
30
Flathead
Lincoln
(Columbia Falls)
(Libby)
51
37
¦C3
Missoula
(Wood St. & W, Pine)
218
1
(Lions Park)
161
(Rose Park)
113
2
Silver Bow
(Butte)
59
r~i
Deer Lodge
Yellowstone (Laurel)
Missoula
Deer Lodge
Missoula
Rosebud
Silver Bow
(Lions Park)
(Anaconda)
(Lions Park)
(Ashland)
(Butte)
Yellowstone (Billings)
LEAD
Lewis & Clark (Helena)
SULFUR DIOXIDE
Days/Year
(Anaconda-Lincoln)
(Mill Cr, Cross)
(Westgate)
CARBON MONOXIDE
OZONE
Expected and Actual Exceedence
Days/Year (1978-1980 Average)
' 1 E
2 E
104
94
06
213
173 tZU E
VIOLATIONS-QUARTERLY AVERAGE
Quarters
Sampled
n e
i I Primary level exceeded
Mi Alert level exceeded
( ) Annual Geometric Mean •jg/m3
49
-------
County
Big Horn
Cascade
Daniels
Dawson
Deer Lodge
Flathead
Gallatin
Jefferson
STATUS AND TRENDS II All QUALITY
MONTANA
TSP suz CO LEAD County TSP SO CO LEAD
o
~ ~
o
~
~ # ~
#¦
o
~
Lewis and Clark
Lincoln
Missoula
Rosebud
Siiver Bow
Yellowstone
~
No evidence standard exceeded
E Exceeds primary standard
Exceeds alert level
Improvement
No apparent trend
Deterioration
D
O
O
50
-------
North Dakota Air Quality
Total suspended particulates were sampled in 16 counties. High readings
caused by the Mt. St. Helen's eruption debris were ignored. No station
exceeded primary TSP standards in the State in 1980 Two stations sampled
S09 and N0?. These sites showed no violations for these pollutants.
Ozone was sampled in two stations during 1980, (even though no actual 1
violations occurred). The average level of expected exceedences for 1973-1930
was 3 per year. Lead sampling started during the last half of 1979 at 8
stations on 6 day intervals. No violations occurred for anj of these stations
during 1980.
51
-------
NORTH DAKOTA
MONITORING SITES
Stations with 75* or more of
maximum possible data
Stations with less than 75%
of maximum possible data
52
-------
NORTH DAKOTA
STATIONS USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
County
City or
Locati on
Stati on No.
JSP
^ I Ox
LEA
Barries
Valley City
351240001F01
X*
8111ings
Medora
350080001F03
X
X*
B own an
3 own an
350160001F01
X
Burleigh
Bismarck
3i srtarc<
Bismarck
350200003F09
350100001F01
350200011F03
X
X*
X*
X*
Suss
F argo
350400001F01
X*
Dunn
Dunn
350340003F03
X*
Grand Forks
Grand Forks
350480001F01
X
X*
Grant
Glen 1)11 i n
350520001F03
X
HcK en zi e
Roosevelt N.F.
350700002F03
X
X*
Mercer
Beul ah
350760001F01
X*
X*
Morton
Man dan
350740001F01
X
01i ver
Stanton
350860001F03
X
Ramsey
Devils Lake
350260001F01
X*
Rich! and
Wan pet on
351260001F01
X
Stark
Dickinson
350300001F01
X*
Stutsman
Jamestown
350580001F01
X*
Ward
Mi not
Lake Darling
350780001F01
351300001F03
X
X*
x*'
Willi ams
Williston
3513 60001F 01
Jl+
*Stat
us Only
-------
NORTH DAKOTA.
STATIONS M3T USED FCR TKBDS MD/CR. STATUS - LESS THRN
75% OF MUM DAYS
Ccuntv
City or Location
Station Number
TSP
Cass
Fargo
35022OOQ1FO3
X
Duim
Mandaree
350340001P01
X
Dunn
350340003F03
54
-------
number of days that primary standard or alert
LEVEL WAS EXCEEDED IN 1980
NORTH DAKOTA
OZONE
Days
County (City or Location) Sampled
Dunn (Dunn Center) ?11
Mercer (Beul^h) 133
Expected Exceedence
Days/Year
(.1978-1930 Data Average)
0 1.0
=3
1
55
-------
STATUS AND TRENDS IN AIR QUALITY
NORTH DAKOTA
oi
en
County
Bu rnus
Bill inga
Bowman
Hurleigh
Cass
Dunn
Grand Forks
Grant
MuKenz f e
McLean
TSP SO
SO 2 0.X 1,1: AD
O
~
~
c>
~
~
~ II
~
B
~
Conn tv
TSI
MLri^r
~
Morton
O
Ramsey
Rich]and
Oli vt±r
Stark
mSSm
Stutsman
Ward
mil Jams J^J
502
MO 2
Ox
LEAD
~ 0
No evidence standard exceeded
Fx reeds primary standard
eed a alert level
Improvement
No apparent Li i
Di'ler i orat ion
~
-------
South Dakota Air Quality
Total suspended particulate (TSP), SOg and NOg are the only air
pollutants monitored in South Dakota, The five stations located in the Rapid
City area showed 1 alert level and 5 primary level TSP violation days in
1980, This is a deterioration from the 1977 and 1978 levels, nut remains
approximately the same as 1979, Measurements for S0? and NO., in 6
counties showed no primary or secondary violations. The concentrations were
generally at minimum levels.
Status of Nonattainment Areas in South Dakota
Rapid City Area - The nonattainment area designated for TSP primary violations
is a 10 mile (north-south) by 11 mile (east-west) rectangular area centered at
Rapid City. Most of the violations have been caused by fugitive emissions
from quarry operations. Requirements have been adopted for fugitive dust
emission controls which should result in attainment by 1982. >rive stations
measured five primary and one alert violation days for 61 days sampled in
1980. There were three primary violation days in 1977, one in 1978, and 3
primary plus 2 alert level violations in 1979.
57
-------
**0f
SOUTH DAKOTA
MOniTORING SITES
¦ Stations with 15% or more of
maximum possible data
• Stations with less than 75';
of maximum possible data
58
-------
SOUTH DAKOTA
STATIONS USED FOR TRtNDS AND/OR STATUS
f pynty. .
City or
. ..Location
Station No.
ISP
so?
NO 2
Baadle
Huron
43082000if 01
X
Brookings
Brookings
43Q140001FQ1
X*
Codington
waterton
43176000If 01
X*
Fall River
Hot Springs
430780001F03
X*
Hughes
Pierre
43134000IF01
X
'<*
X
Minnehaha
Sioux falls
431480004F01
X
X*
X*
Pennington
Rapid City
Rapid City
Rapid City
Rapid City
Rapid City
43138000If 01
431380007F01
431380002F01
431380005FDI
431380006F01
X
X*
X
<
X
X
X
Perkins
Lemon
43132000IF 03
X
X*
Yankton
Yankton
431800001FQ3
X
~Status Only
59
-------
SOUTH DAKOTA
STATIONS NOT USED FOR
75%
TRENDS AND/OR STATUS -
OF MAXIMUM DAYS
les^
THAU
Count y
City or
Locati on
Station No.
TSP
192
Nl
Brown
Aberdeen
430020001F01
X
Grant
NE Big Stone Plant
SE Big Stone PI ant
430640002F02
430640001F02
X
X
X
X
Hardi ng
Buffalo
430760001F01
X
X
X
Mi nnehaha
Sioux Falls
430180002F01
X
Penni ngton
Rapid City
431380009F01
X
60
-------
MR QUALITY TREKDS
BASED ON STANDARD VIOLATIONS
SOUTH DAKOTA
NONMTOIlWENr AREAS
Total Suspended Particulates
Avg. of Gean.
Mumber
Days
Mean of Stas.
Violation
of
Nonattairanent Area
Year
Serroled
fua/m3)
Davs
Stations
Rapid City Area
1977
53
42
P-3
4
1978
56
52
P-l
4
1979
62
70
A.-2/P-3
7
1980
61
67
A-l/P-4
5
A - Alert Violation Days
P - Primary Standard Violation Days
-------
NUMBER OF DAYS THAT PRIMARY STANDARD OR ALERT LEVEL "AS
EXCEEDED IN 1980
SOUTH DAKOTA
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
Days
County (City or Location) Sampled
Days/Year
10
Pennington {Rapid City)
60
EZ3
Primary level exceeded
Alert level exceeded
62
-------
STATUS AND TRENDS IN AIR QUALITY
SOUTH DAKOTA
County
502
SO?
Beadle
Brookings
Codington
Fall River
Grant
Hughes
Minnehaha
Pennington
Perkins
Richland
Yankton
n
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
H
o
o
So evidence standard exceeded
Exceeds primary standard
Exceeds alerc level
Improvement
No apparent trend
Deterioration
-------
Utah Air Quality
Total suspended particulate violations increased in 1980 compared to 1979
for Salt Lake and Utah Counties. Only Weber County showed a decrease in ISP
violations (0 in 1980) Even though the TSP emitted by Kennecott Copper has
diminished, U.S. Steel in Orem appears to be a contributor to TSP pollution in
the Wasatch Front Counties. All of the cities in the Wasatch - ront Counties
(Davis, Salt ake, Utah and Weber) still have actual and expected violations
for ozone and carbon monoxide. Three S0£ violation days occurred in Salt
Lake County of 364 days sampled in 1980. No lead data is in the EPA. SAROAO
data system for 1980. Both industrial and motor vehicle pollution prevail in
this area.
Status of Nonattainment Areas in Utah
Changes in nonattainment status - The City of Price in Carbon County was
changed in 1979 from a nonattainment area with primary violation status in TSP
to an unclassified area. No samples were taken in 1979 but 1978 data showed
that the site had not exceeded the primary standard. The nonattainment status
47or TSP of Cedar City in Iron County was changed in 1 979 to an unclassified
designation. No ozone data from Uintah County was found in the EPA data
system for 1977, 1973, or 1979. Uintah County ozone nonattainment status was
dropped in 1979. The ozone nonattainment status for Utah and Weber County has
also been changed to unclassified, -or 1980 Utah and Weber Counties show an
expected exceedence rate for ozone of 4 and 9 days respectively.
64
-------
A nonattainment designation for total suspended particulates still remains
for Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber Counties, although boundaries were
recently changed to make the areas smelter, subcounty designations, fugitive
dust from unpaved road and industrial emission sources are the main causes of
TSP problems,
Davis County - City of Bountiful Areas - The only TSP data taken for 1978,
1973, and 1980 was at the Bountiful site, Davis County was designated
nonattainment for secondary TSP violations. The years 1973, 1979, and 1980
showed no primary level TSP violation but each year showed 5, 13, and 16
secondary level violation days respectively for 333, 334, and 337 days
sampled. In 1977 one alert level and two primary level violations were
noted, Oavis County is also a nonattainment area for ozone because of primary
level violations. Refineries in the area and motor vehicle emissions are the
main causes. The meteorology and topography of the area innibit dispersion.
Mountains are on both sides of this area. Air inspection and maintenance
program being implemented by Salt Lake and Davis County agencies should help
reduce both the ozone and carbon monoxide proolems in the county. The ozone
violation day level remained relatively constant from 1977 to 1979, There
have been primary violations of 3, 3 and 10 in 1977 thru 1979 respectively.
The year 1980 showed only 2 primary level violations. The City of Bountiful
was designated nonattainment for primary level carbon monoxide violations.
Again motor vehicles appear to be the primary r-duse of the CO violations. The
1977 thru 1979 average of primary violation days is less than 4 per year. The
year 1980 showed 3 primary violation days for 343 days sampled.
Salt Lake County - Salt lake City Areas - TSP primary and alert level
violations occurred in Salt Lake County, Part of the high concentrations were
65
-------
contributed by sources at the Kennecott Copper Company. The number of primary
violations have remained the same for 1978 thru I960 (9, 9 and 11 violation
days each year). This is down considerably from 33 violation days in 1977.
TSP alert level violations ranged from 2 to 4 per year for this period.
Ambient air quality violation of the sulfur dioxide standard have
diminished considerably since the construction of the new ail stack at the
Kennecott Copper Company smelter near Magna, The primary violation days have
decreased in the 1ast four years. They were 64, 15, four and three days or
1977 thru 1980 respectively.
Salt Lake County ozone problems caused primarily by motor- vehicles should
be reduced with the implementation of the county-operated inspection and
maintenance program. The Salt Lake Health Department monitoring site showed
three and four primary level violations exceedences in 1973 and 1979. An
increased amount of violations (11 violation days) occurred in 1980.
Carbon monoxide violation days for the City of Salt Lake still remain
high. They have declined from 40 violation days in 1977 to 16 in 1980.
However, there were still two alert level days in 1980.
Utah County - Provo Areas - One of the main causes of TSP violations in this
area is the U.S. Steel plant west of Or m Of the three IS? measuring sites
located in Utah County, a drastic rise of daily TSP violations were noted in
1980. The years 1973 and 1979 had 0 and 2 primary violation days while 1980
showed 10 alert and 17 primary violation days.
66
-------
The CO sire at Provo showed a rise to 17 primary violations in 1980 versus
7 and 4 in 1978 and 1979 respectively.
Weber County - Oaden Areas - The station at Ogden is the only station used to
monitor TSP for Weber County. Primary level daily violations have remained
approximately the same for 1977 thru 1979 with three primary and one alert
level violation day being noted in 1979. llo primary violations were recorded
for TSP in 1980.
Motor vehicle emissions still are a major problem in Ogden. However, only
6 primary CO violations occurred in 1980. Primary daily CO violations
numbered 12 and 14 in 1978 and 1979. This is down from 36 CO violation days
in 1977.
Cedar City Area - Cedar City in iron County was designated a nonattainment
area for 5Q2. The cause for the designation was the burning of high sulfur
oil for heating a building. No primary violations occurred in 1979 or 1980
because the fuel oil was changed to low sulfur type in accordance with State
regulati ons.
Tooele County Area - The as Tooele monitoring site showed no primary level
TSP violations in 1978, 1979, or 1980. The original cause of violations was
the emissions from the copper smelter owned by Kennecott Copper Company. h
corrective change made by \ennecott has caused this decrease in primary
violations.
-------
itt.
M
i
S#
f L «**
B-CD
7
_r^
1
7*~
\
7
UT'AH
MONITORING SITES
Stations with 75% or more of
maximum possible data
Stations with less than 75s
of maximum possible data
-------
UTAH
STATIONS USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
Countv
City or Location
Station Number TSP SO?
NO-
CO
LEAD
Davis
Emery
Bountiful
Castledale
Green River
Huntington Canyon
Huntington if2
46006G001F01
460280004FQ2
460280005F02
4602S0001K03
46Q2800Q3K03
X*
X*
X
X*
X X
X*
X
X
Garfield
Escalante
Henrieville
4603QQG02K03
460300003K03
Iron
Kane
Ceaar City
Glen Canyon
460160002F01
460400003K03
X* I*
1
Salt Lake Health Dept. (SLC) 46092Q001F01 X I
Magna 460520001F02 X X
State Park 460900002F02 X*
XXX
San Juan
Navajo Mtn.
Olsato
46096000IK03
460960002K03
X
X
Tooele
Uintah
East Tooele
East Vernal
461160001F01 I I
4612Q0OO1FOI X* X*
Utah
Lindon
Pleasant Grove
Provo
Washington Bloomington
George
&61120Q01FG1
460760001F01
460800001F01
46128000IK03
461280002K03
X
X
X
X X* X
Weber
Ogden
460680001F01
X
X X* X
^Status Onlv
6q
-------
UTAH
STATIONS NOT USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS - LESS THAN
75% OF MAXIMUM DAYS
City or
-O-Qunty Location Station No T^P ^0? NO? LEAD
Emery Green River 400280005F02 X
Castledale 460280004F02 X
Grand loao 46Q580002F01 X
Iron Cedar City 460160002F01 X
San uuan Aneth 460960003K03 X
70
-------
air quality trknds
mmi OH STANDARD VIOLATIONS
UTAH
SONAIT A1NMENT AREAS
i
Total
1 Suspended
l\ir I 1 i:u 1 .ii cs
s'ul tur
llluxlde
{(zone
CenB.
At i th.
Al'HL.
Ac I mi 1
Mount caiiunuiiL
Days
Mean a
Viol.
Uuyy
HeiHl 41
Viol .
Duye
Mi,hi j
Vint.
Area
Year
Sumpled
Baya
Si.. s.
SlIITIP J L*<1
Davo
Sj
S;»iip 1
Cppb)
tti y ta
Stan.
Davis Ccimiy
IV 77
334
bl
1
3b4
.025
P-B
1
1978
333
52
P-O/S-b
1
364
.029
A-l/P-B
I
1979
334
61
p-o/s-ie
I
358
.030
I'-tO
I
1980
3 37
57
P-0/S-16
1
24H
.014
P-2
1
S.t 1 L Lake
iyj?
3 b 5
tit,
A-3/1' -31
Jt.l
165
A-U/P-M
5
355
,020
P-0
I
County
iy/8
3t>j
74
A-4/I'-9
261
56
A-2/P-15
2
I 79
.015
P-1
I
1979
11-4
79
A-2/t'-9
263
54
P-4
2
362
,025
I'—4
1
1980
51. J
71
A-4/1' 11
364
51
i'-i
4
354
.017
I'-l 1
1
Utah County
19//
365
/«
A-4/F-I9
6
i
-------
AIR QUALITY TRENDS (Could)
BASED OU STANDARD VIOLATIONS
UTAH
NONA1TAINMfcNT AREAS
Total Suspended Particulates Sulfur DlaxJJu
Nun.u L.iliuacnl
Days
Mean a
Viol.
Day a
H^nii fi
Vlul ,
Arc.-.!
Year
Samplud
Cug/ft1)
IKiya
Stua.
Sampluil
Days
Stas.
Ccilar City
1977
in
74
l'-l 1
1
I 'J78
334
72
l'-7
1
1979
314
I
l'-0
2.
1980
2 39
7
I'-ft
I
1 Until li j
1977
306
54
V-l
I
1978
305
28
r-u
1
1979
l!Jl
27
L'-l)
1
19«0
274
12
l'-0
1
il A«eri|« of tlu; irawtric or •«« itlimutJc hlciiis for nil stations
A « AI cr I V] l>Ui L1 on Daya
P - l'r Imary SLumlurd Violation Days
JI » iJceuiutary Standard Viola Lion Ihjyis
-------
AIR QUALITY TRENDS
BASED ON STANDARD VIOLATIONS
UTAH
NONATTAINMENT AREAS
Nonattainmenc Area
Year
Days
Saihj^l e.d
Carbon Monoxide
Avlt a go; A r i 11 niic L i
oi" Stations
(Mg/m 1)
V lo.l a t i Dii
Days
No, of
Stati ons
City of Bountiful
1977
1978
1979
J 980
>28
334
334
34 3
2 . I
1.4
1,4
i .5
P-7
P-0
P~4
P-3
ijLy of Ogden
¦vj
1477
1978
1979
1980
341
349
337
3.0
2.1
2.2
2.0
A — 3/1'—36
J' — i 2
P-K
P-f)
i' i l y of Provo
l y 7 7
19 78
1979
1 980
36 5
277
2)2
201
3.5
2.6
2.5
3.5
P - 2 "J
P-7
A-l /P-1.7
Salt Lake bity
1977
197 8
1973
] 980
359
352
364
361
1.6
1.8
1.7
4,4
A-3/P-40
P-!8
A-3/P-18
A-2/1'-I 6
A - Alert Violation Days
P - Primary Standard Violation Days
-------
NUMBER OF DAYS THAT PRIMARY STANDARD 01 ALERT LEVEL WAS
EXCEEDED IN 1979
County
UTAH
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
(City or Location)
Days
Salt Lake
(Magna)
(Health Department)"
343
340
Utah
(Prove)
(Pleasant Grove)
(Lir.don)
321
341
356
SULFUR DIOXIDE
Salt Lake
(Magna)
7 56
CARBON MONOXIDE
Davis
;
(Bountiful)
343
Salt Lake
(Salt Lake Health Dept.)
361
Utah
(Provo)
201
Weber
(Ogden)
OZONE
245
Davis
(Bountiful
324
Salt Lake
(Salt Lake Health Dept.)
299
Utah
(Prove)
331
Weber
(Ogden)
301
(74)
|=r (s*
r
Expected and Actual Exceedence
Days/Year (1978-1980 Average)
A
A
C=U Primary level exceeded
Alert level exceeded
( ) Annual Geometric Mean ug/m-
74
-------
STATUS AND TRENDS IN AIR QUALITY
UTAH.
County
TSP
so;
N02
CO
Ox
LEAD
Davis
o
o
O
¦>
Emery
~
~
~
Garfield
~
Grand
~
iron
~
Kane
~"
Salt Lake
+
O
t
¦>
n
San Juan
Tooele
O
O
Uintah
~
~
Utah
0
*
Washington
~
Weber
o
0
1§f
~
~
H
•a
So evidence standard exceeded
Exceeds primary standard
Exceeds alert level
Improvement
No apparent trend
Deterioration
75
-------
Wyoming Air Quality
The only current air pollution monitoring in the State of Wyoming is for
total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide. The nonattainment area for
TSP in the Trona industrial area (about 28 miles WSW of the City of Rock
Springs) showed no primary level violations in 1980. Three stations at Rock
Springs had la primary level violations and 1 alert level violation for TSP in
1980. Lander (Fremont County) showed 3 primary daily TSP violations and a
yearly mean standard violation in 1980. Five counties sampled for SO^ wit i
an average arithmetic mean of 3 Mg/m .
Trona Industrial Area - A nonattainment area tor primary TSP violations was
designated for an area 10-miles square at the location mentioned above. No
primary level violations were shown for 1977 thru 1980 at the Granger
station. An average of 56 days were sampled during each of these four years.
76
-------
WYOMING
MONITORING SITES
Stations with 7 5or mor •.*
of maximum possible data
Stations with less than
75?s of maximum possible
data
77
-------
WYOMING
STATIONS USED FOR TRENDS AND/OR STATUS
County City or location Station Number TSP 0*
Albany
L arami e
S2G4QG0QSF01
A*
Big Horn
Love 11
520040001r01
X*
Campbell
Gillette
520280002F01
X*
Carbon
Savery
Hanna
52010004F03
52010005F02
t*
X*
Converse
Oouglas
Dougl as
52 022 0002 F02
520180006 F 03
X*
Crook
Devils Tower
520200002F03
X
F remont
Lander
Riverton
520600001F01
520330001F01
X
t*
Goshen
lingle
520300003F03
X
Johnson
Southwest of Buffalo
520360001F03
X
larami e
Cheyenne
52 014 0001F 01
X
Natrona
Cas per
Casper
520120003F01
52Q120QQ4F01
X*
X*
Platte
Wheat 1 and
520830001F01
X
Sheri dan
Sheri dan
520660002F03
X
Sublette
Boulder
520680001F03
X
Sweetwater
Rock Springs
Rock Spri ngs
Rock Springs
Grander
520620001F01
52 062 0003 F01
520620004F01
520680001F03
X
X
X*
X
T eton
Kelly
520720001F03
X
Uinta
Evanston
520240001F01
X
*Status Only
/ a
-------
WYCMTMG
STATIONS NOT USED TOP STATUS AMD/OR TRENDS - LESS TRMJ
75S OF MAXIMUM DAYS
Citv or Location
Station ^lumber
Fremont
Natrona
Teton
Jefferson
Casper
Jackson
520260C02FO2
52012000IF09
520"720002P01
X
X
X
79
-------
AIR QUALITY TRENDS
BASED ON STANDARD VIOLATIONS
WYOMING
NONATTAINMENT AREAS
Total Suspended Particulates
Arithmetic
Mean a Days Violation No. of
Nfuiattainment- Area Year (ucj/in^)^ Samp 1 ed Days Stations
Industrial \t ea
1977
32
58
P-0
1
1978
29
55
P-0
1
1979
44
55
P-0
1
1980
44
55
P-0
1
d/ Aver aye of the Geometric or Ar i thine tic Means for all Stations
ft = Alert Violation Days
p - primary Standard Violation Days
-------
NUMBER OF DAYS THAT PRIMARY STANDARD OR ALERT. LEVEL WAS
EXCEEDED IN 1980
WYOMING
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
Days
County (City or Location) Sampled
Fremont (Lander) 49
Sweetwater (Rock Springs) 62
Days/Year (Annual Geometric)
Mean
10
*
20
(94)
(80)
OZONE
Expected Exceedence
Days/Year
(1978-1980 Data Average)
Converse (Douglas)
74
10
- 1
Primary Level Exceeded
Alert Level Exceeded
81
-------
STATUS AND TRENDS IN AIR QUALITY
WYOMING
County
Albany-
Big Horn
Campbell
Converse
Crook
Fremont
Goshen
Johnson
TSP OZONE
~
o
~
~ 0
o
o
o
County
Laramie
Natrona
Platte
Sheridan
Sublette
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
TSP OZONE
~
o
l=>
*
o
o
~
E
¦
o
o
o
No evidence standard exceeded
Exceeds primary standard
Exceeds alert level
Improvement
So apparent trend or insufficient
data to determine trend
Deterioration
82
-------
APPENDIX A
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
-------
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Pollutant
Time period/standard
Maximum
permissible
concentration
Suspended particulate matter
Annual, secondary
60
pg/m3
(Total suspended particulates}
Annual, primary^
75
ug/m3
(TSP)
24-hour, secondary15
50
pg/m3C
24-hour, primary
2.60
ug/m3C
Sulfur dioxide
Annual, primary
80
ug/m3
(S02)
24-hour, primary
365
ng/m3C
3-hr, secondary
1300
yg/m3C
Carbon monoxide
1-hr, primary
40
mg/m3C
(CO)
8-hr, primary
10
mg/m3C
Oxidants/ozone
1-hr, primary
235
pg/msC
(Oy + Q'z or O3}
Nitrogen dioxide
Annual, primary
100
ufl/m3
(NO2)
Lead
Quarterly, primary
1.5
^g/m1
aPrimary: to protect public health.
Secondary: to protect public welfare.
cThese values are not to be exceeded more than once per year
84
-------
APPENDIX B
Breakpoints "or Pollutant
Standards Index
{Includes Alert Level For Each Pollutant}
85
-------
Breakpoints for PSI ( ) In Metric Units
Breakpoints
PSI
Val ue
( )
ISP
uq/m3
24-hr.
so2.
ug/m-3
24-hr.
TSPxSO?
(ug/m3)2
CO
imj/m3
8 hours
O3
ug/m3
1-hr.
NO2
ug/m
1-hr
50% of primary short-
term NAAQS
50
75 a
80a
b
5.0
118
b
Primai'y short-term NAAQS
10U
260
365
b
10 0
235
b
Alert level
200
375
800
65X103
17.0
400
1130
Warning Level
300
625
1600
261xl03
34.0
800
2260
Emergency Level
400
875
2100
393xl03
46.0
1000
3000
S i yn i f icant Harm Leve1
500
1000
2620
490x103
57.5
1200
3750
aAnnual primary NAAQS.
bNo index value reported at concentration levels below those specified by the Alert Level Criteria,
-------
APPENDIX C
Procedures Used To Determine Status
87
-------
PROCEDURES USED TO DETERMINE STATUS
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
County Status
1. Select worst si te in each county based on:
— Number of days per year with a concentrat on of greater than 260
ug/m^
— Data available in 1930 (must have greater han 75% of
maximal) possible data)
-- Population exposure of site. Should be representative
populated area
2. For the selected site the number of days with a concentration
value greater than 280 ug/m3 for 1980
3. For- same site, number of days with a concentration value greater
than 375 ug/m^ for 1980
Nonattai rment Area Status
1. Select all the sites in each nonattainment area based on:
— Any si e with a daily concentration value greater than
260 ug/m3 in the county
— Any site with a daily concentration value greater than
375 ug/m in the county
— Compare violation days at all sites to total days sampled
at all sites for the year
88
-------
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
County Status
1. Select worst site in each county based on*.
— Highest annual average
— Oata available in 1980
2. Determine whether annual average concentration is greater ^n<±n
100 ug/m^
— Actual data are used
— Years without valid annual average are disregarded
Nonattai nment Area Status
1. Select all the sites in each nonattai nment area based on:
— Any site with .art annual average con cent rati .in greater nai
100 ug/m^
2. Compare the sites with yearly average concentration values of
100 ug/m^
to the total number of sites sampled for the year
89
-------
SULFUR DIOXIDE
County Status
1, Select site in each county based on:
— Population exposure. Must be in area -vher-p people
are present
— Representativeness within county
— Number of days for 1980 greater than 24-hour
3
average concentrati on of 365 ug/m
— Data available in 1980
2, For the selected site, number of days in 1980 greater than
primary 24-hour standard for the year
— Actual data used
— Conti nuous data preferred over noncontinuous
3, For same site count number of days par year with at least
3
one concentration value greater than 730 ug/m
— Actual data used
^onattalnment Area Status
1, Select all the sites in each nonattai nment area based on:
— Any site with a 24-hour concentration greater than
1
365 ug/m in the county
— Any site with a 24-hour concentration greater than
730 ug/m3 in the county
2. C cm pare violation days at all sites to the total days sampl
at all sites for trie /ear
90
-------
OZONE
County Status
1. Select worst site in county basad on:
-- Number of days with a 1-hour concentration greater than 235 ug/m^
— Data available for at least one year {1978-1980}
during the months April through September
2. For selected site,, count he number of days per year
1978-1980, with at least one hourly concentration value greater than
235 ug/m^
-- For periods with no data, estimate by examining aata
from nearby sites and for the sane site during sane
period of other years
— Data are insufficient t unavailable during the peak
ozone season (Aprii-September)
3. For same site, count number of days with at least 1-hour concentration
value greater than 400 ug/ra3
— Actual number is always jsed
Nonattai nment Area Status
1. Select all the sites in each nonattai nment area based on;
— Any site with a day having a 1-hour concentration
of greater than 235 ug/m
— Any site with a day having 1-hour concentration of
greater than 400 ug/m
2. Compare violation days at all sites to total days sanplPd
at all sites for tre year
91
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
County Status
1. Select worst site in each county based on:
— Number of days greater than 10 mg/m 3-hour average concentration
— Data available for 1980
2. For selected site, count the number of days in 1980 with
1
at leat one 8-hour average concentration greater than 10 mg/m
— For periods with no data estimate by examining data
for same site for same period of other years and by
looking at data for other nearby sites
3. For sane site count number of days with at least one 8-hour average
3
concentration value greater than 17 mg/m
— Actual number always used
Nonattainnent Area Status
1, Select all the sites in each nonattai nnent area based on;
— Any site with a day having an 8-hour concentration
3
greater than 10 mg/m
— Any site with a day having an 8-hour concentration
3
greater than 1? mg/m
2, Compare violation days at all sites to total days sampled
at all sites for the year
92
-------
LEAD
County Status
1. Select the worst site in each county based on:
— Quarterly average concentration periods greater than 1.5 ug/m
— Data available in 1980
2. For selected site, count number of quarters in 1980
3
with quarterly concentration value greater than 1.5 ug/m
Nonattai rment Area Status
1. Select all the sites in each nonattai rment area based on:
— Any site with a quarterly average concentrati on greater t nan
1.5 ug/m3
2, Compare violation quarters at all i to oliI quarters
sampled at all sites for the year
ov
-------
APPENDIX D
Nonattainment Area Maps
94
-------
BOULDER
ADAMS
Ml TROI'OL 1 TAN OS NVill AH LA
ISP Nwi-Atta inmont Buundary
The CO non-attainment area is
the entire six county ari±a.
DOUGLAS
The Ozone non-attainmmit area
-------
A
¦"f- K
i. _V J j kl
. \ . \ i M
¦
AUGUST 1379
D3C0&
DENVER 3-C
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AREA
Qfi
I'JGo »icn-attainnent Are
-------
v \
rjv.
..J;
./
I
t.i < i i
KtS&Mii'
;tv -.
•P. - H> ,W
tiff
&J|L^
f^'i t
/Ii >) Ji\ R\J|
"L
1 r«-*. ft * 9
4
V
'^5.'
-fhk
i+r
;x^i
i <7
r'l" r:3(^|f7-' -j ' Ir7." ^-£'vs
r
ter.j
r
TueLlo f(Oi)()i.tdini]ient Area
'3C" WUAN 1TWJSPOTATION
planning boundary
-------
1 a ¦*
: t : kJ
—li __!^—1y j;
—•^ ^r„ J U.i--.
I " «* •it/**'* S*
: —\ . n
J \ :
" \c
FORT COLLINS
Non-attaindent Ar
iWfSOK#* >«
w
r 117
i
If
^ r *';
;-! I -
r*?.—v -.-
kr
ir
* V
•„ *»
=t_ " '
JSSXJ^P" V
*W*h' ^fi, H >
93
-------
SOO O 3 f 1
"30- -30
A
\
i 0 5 "| 00*
'lii '*
'!. ':7cS
¦ ! >¦?>•«• i
i
1
r
/
I
I I socco r [ e i i
16 faiS \V»
^ I
1IH Jl'
11 c. SJC1 r
I ''' iki*%
>Sia«« i*.t ifi
r ff-~j
¦ ¦ I (I ' 1 i!j i'-
! is
1 t! I lii I i IK 1JJ>>
1 J±j
I
k i n a i
""" ¦ i-v !-
V«- /c'x"' ,
A IJ ' v L -
onjr «
< : \; h
s1; i.*.
'¦ a^-iA^^JAjU
^ '-'A - t' - ';\< -l i *'; t? i,'
;•. ;.ff/ ¦]
*"p i '1 "f 'I -J'1* ' J J'
•? AA'^A\h
- fi'* I'll ^ '-V 1,1f i', ' i 1 ¦
ft i't i \ V', V. [ 1,
1 J • 1' ', '.i ^ rJi.'M* ; \' ¦ ;\--A, ,-t
iUAAn'' '• ; < m'1
¦•:! \'W> \vA \\
¦'¦ ', 1' ' ->Y ¦ \i' 'A 11
! I
»
1 '\) ,
"'%>!¦/•'I '' -!' i 'i\ lii < t11
\Un*hH &(
r jAaAAt> , A
i" ]•""
! ,
, I
i- >.
' j\
1. #
¦r... i.. . \
T ruKy -
t'.w ncf
ii .
f 1
?:
-M/)VV/ 1 ft
'! ^ > J, * S / / a I
1 'l 1 %<>¦' In
11?
hS
I® s , SfuMu
«
\ -
i. y-
! \\
\ j i{
^ | ,t
-------
At# »\*tl
GREELEY
TSP Non-atta 1 imient Area
-------
Cj
GREELEY
v CO Noti-a Ltd i nment Area
o
:
r '¦* *
f s*«m
ff'flr r
, V> ,
-J JQ.
I- •
\
o
x; \ -
tif * Hi.*
\ « li it "
-"r_
=i
I * „o>-
TP,
< 1
¦ -i^
|J ''
. c<
ea
, i. .. . _ i
T. * 1 ' \ i.:" I ' 7
,.f . . , _ _ [ H , . . _
•i: ::f'_GiUitil* t^trEilf V
ic*f r
'EO
ij C on m , t ['Jup
l*tt2
&Q0 030
f:
4 - -)
(5
T^1 >'
,\. i
_____
, i.. *- ,./J7T
n-
'J.
i * in
La K;i!li
"/ 0
-I 22s 30"
i f J "v _ —' ' ' l^ju _ „jW« ' ' *
I I.-I ¦ I
-------
COLORADO SPRINGS
CO and T3P
Non-attainment Area
-------
E!) 5 <* IK ' X r fl\ I -V s •- '•• ("< /S
: / :ii^ S(:j 1 I2M- u^—
y,f"" f rk^'f* / _,d ( j i u
i <
4^
i „
/E
P ¦
^ '
.V f
¦ ^ *ij .»• j I'-J v
:^A-± 1 ; 3" \ ¦¦' ¦," -
- ¦;,x|U:.;¦*%- ^ It-y
\*?'..h -v^ *:•:=.. -?r^*
— - ¦ t—-p- •_- t -t wr-w -r* »1—¦ * HI"1*
/T '
R.IW
¦/T
Match Line
A
\
V. U . --'=? I* i * j*' ^» i ij ir*"'11 "f h ¦ 1,1 11; il f ''' 1 4 *"
i ~ \\ i f - w - fr+i'¦ TV - * -L ?*• ¦ *3 * P --"i •', , *1 -.
U ¦ ^ *Z' ^ ^EI~^=^ "'j | !' -* *s
u..;I.*¦ i ¦¦¦¦¦ . ' ^"C ** * v* , J, j7 *'r! *».'~ ** ';
. C H
« ! I41£¦' £* / % * J t
i22^^5^''UkijL'X. ^ tM<§1~" ^
* * -r--iv-t--.rr . ¦:
cat Off A DO
I *
N A TtONA L
/r^\
\
MONUMENT
o vj I
?
,.n- <-
Vv j] ) ¦ j
jvyf "1 I
GRAND JUNCTION
iiF Non-attainment Area
Plate 1
103 .
-------
> ni_—"f{
r ¦• >\ >7U-w? v
, , , , . , . ~.;
Match Line
\l
' .* c
\ ^ . «#5w"
Cs«-recfior»i >/
5«ca««
,1 ,. I \ •.. | -~ „ j
* 1 ^ M /*Hl|l
I ¦ is vi||i:r k
WW ir
If I
/j/- ^
» / *H« |« j
: |/
¦1
• f << oiiaaxi
,' - ,5
V. 8 ASS -
LINE
; - ss ¦ i
tv. : // -
^r-^. i '//
4>
r.r'TC*
'fe GRAND F t =**£, |KS
^JLtNCT¦ 0NSKZJStf U
j : „ -i i
i. ¦! * -1 ¦' ^
¦ "TT7
'"I"
*;yiwi nqijum—Hiui'^-gjij ¦* ji»f
*Min*4rr«
i i / ; ; t* o1 *
,.v/ ¦ /,. .a.
V|f T.2S. ^
F -I
I? '
GRAND JUNCTION
S? Non-attainment Area
Plate 2
104
-------
MISSOULA PRIMARY TSP
NON-ATTAINMENT AREA
Missoula City Limits
-v. AQCR 144
-------
MISSOULA
SECONDARY TSP
NON-ATTAINMENT AREA
K20W, TMN - Sections 35, 36
• R20W, T13N - Sections 1, 2, 12,
35, 36
>"*1 Ki'UW, T12N - Suctions 1, 2
Kiyw, T13N - Sections 6-9, 11,
1/1-23, 26-34
fU9H, fl2fj - Sections 4, 5, 6
0
V 9 Nm«i
I&3 ' v ¦
S 'S " ."—V;
" — law .
s •"«»
»rt(.
Ma !»«»»
»i IVaIU
AQCR 144
SUt»i*
iOUlA
MOJNf
jumbo h
VV«»f
rt c? <¦-'>« , / C
*¦>, * «> noiwtt 1*1 /*f~\ r ,
-.III.
I tlA
£* MtHifVlAiN
m\.S So'***'
iuif Mm
r.Wl«
-T) \'.A
-'*/ 1 '¦ ;-i:v
O lltttn
CAiNrv
j
{*1 i r*
4/,
vo-
I -i
-------
~ \
TON-ATTAINMENT AR
MISSOULA
¦lis sou la City
AQCR
107
-------
COLUMBIA FALL
TSP HON-ATTAINMENT AREA
: »«**«•
I>|«l
to* i»»i ftii*ifi*eu| «o*t
trwn n; im*u
CITY LIMITS 01- COLUMBIA i ALLS
AQCR 144
«>:> titan's**' tuiin
<4 I n — mts
n,t* frtrm
u«.
Ob
v,'
COLUMBIA FALLS
Ft ftTHtAO COUNTY
MONTANA
• «
h.ii ¦* nn
0 i.i «>
frHestB Mf 1«
-------
COISTRIP
TSP MOM-ATTAINMENT AREA
AQCR 143
365
ONTiNA
W J*
UNI
UlUNGT
iOtfHMN
,J 079
«*»C3T
«73
Boundaries - VTM coordinates as indicated.
109
-------
\Pt St«l»
JN*
V?
Cs
V r vy.
w
'W..
amm.
J f, V w
*/ t ?«%•***:'* j, J i
¦'*5 - . f'U
y*"Tfgr'".7iffiv
J- JCT MS $i*
. ; :=:i^
:i
,' "V ^fTTH
* • /*
' = « -'' .1
I '« !? •! f ,"¦»
1, >".i»--'- ;• . |
§P{
iFVw,! I
GREAT FALLS
TSP NON-ATTAINMENT AREA
GREAT FALLS CBD
North Boundary 2nd Ave,
East Boundary icth Street
South Boundary
West Boundary
2nd Ave. S.
Missouri River
AQCR 141
i
-------
BILLINGS TSP NON-ATTAINMENT AREA
DOWNTOWN REDEVELOPMENT AREA,
N Boundary
E Boundary
S Boundary
W Boundary
25th Street
2nd Ave. So.
33rd Street/Division
AQCR 140
C i 7r
111
-------
LAUREL
S02 40 1 ATTAINMENT AREA
2.0 km Radium Around
Cenex Refinery {Point Av
AQCR 140
112
-------
4
l«>T(
m
cQuae*
I
„¦•-V-A
-.''i "J-",
:." *
Si c?f
Sjrul CSV
/
Butte TSP
Nonattainment Area
ilorth Boundary T 3-4 M
East Boundary I-15/US 91
South Boundary 1-90,15/US
West Boundary 1-90,15 Business
Loop, Main
City Limits
AQCR 142
u.i
-------
ANACONDA
S02 NON-ATTAINMENT AREA
ANACONDA SHELTER - POINT A
¦ AQCR 142
-------
EAST HELENA
Cop"! ol iMl nop Of» *%?*)»
nomtaot toil « Mqaio"S 1'*?'©, c
nA HvqWijI —H*4*r»o, kiO'te** "*
m
SO2 NON-ATTAINMENT AREA
0.67 Kin Radius Around Smelter
AQCR" pgdnno j
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 12, 1 ~ ' ]3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
EPA - 908/1-81-002 1
a. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AIR QUALITY TRENDS IN REGION VIII (1980 Data)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
S. REPORT DATE
September 1981
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
j
?, AUTHORISJ
William H. Tabor, Thomas A. Entzminger, Stephen C. Bell
a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Surveillance and Analysis Division
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80295
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OP REPORT AND PERIOD COVERS"
Final 1
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
18. ABSTRACT -
Air quality trends and status for the calendar year 1980 were determined for
the six states in Region VIII. These states include Colorado, Montana, North Dakota.,
South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming. Data resident in the SAROAD national data bank was
analyzed,
Statistical test which detect significant differences between two populations
were utilized to identify trends. The status and severity of air pollutants was
reported as a direct measure of air quality standard and alert level exceedences.
The report includes a summary of air quality in each nonattainnent area.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Held/Group
Air Pollution Trends
Air Quality
Nonattainnent Areas
Colorado SAROAD
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to public
19. SECURITY CLASS /This Report!
Unclassified
21. N4>. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS Tim pagm
Unclassified
22 PRICE
SPA Form 2220-1 (Re». 4-77) f^E.'OuJ ecitioh is obsolete
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