United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-00-035a
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards September 2001
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
AIR
&EPA
Final Report - Volume I of II
Testing of a 4-Stroke Diesel Cycle
Oil-fired Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine to Determine
the Effectiveness of an Oxidation
Reduction Catalyst System for
Reduction of Hazardous Air
Pollutant Emissions
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FINAL REPORT
TESTING OF A 4-STROKE DIESEL CYCLE OIL-FIRED
RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN
OXIDATION CATALYST SYSTEM FOR REDUCTION
OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
VOLUME I OF II
Prepared for:
Terry Harrison (MD-19)
Work Assignment Manager
SMTG, EMC, EMAD, OAQPS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
September 2001
Submitted by:
PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
5001 S. Miami Blvd., Suite 300
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2077
(919)941-0333 FAX (919) 941-0234
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DISCLAIMER
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. (PES) prepared this document under EPA
Contract Ho. 68-D-01-003, Work Assignment No. 1-04. PES reviewed this document in
accordance with its internal quality assurance procedures and approved it for distribution.
The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.
EPA. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the EPA or PES.
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 2-1
2.1 EMISSIONS TEST LOG 2-1
2.2 ENGINE PARAMETERS AND 2-3
2.3 FTIRS AND CEMS MEASUREMENTS 2-3
2.4 GCMS MEASUREMENTS 2-6
2.5 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH)
MEASUREMENTS 2-9
2.6 DESTRUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY THE CATALYST 2-11
2.7 PARTICULATE MATTER MEASUREMENTS 2-15
2.8 FUEL OIL ANALYSIS 2.15 ,
3.0 SOURCE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 3-1
3.1 ENGINE DESCRIPTION 3-1
3.2 ENGINE OPERATION DURING TESTING 3-4
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS 4-1
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS 5-1
5.1 LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT SITES AND SAMPLE/VELOCITY
TRAVERSE POINTS 5-1
5.2 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE... 5-3
5.3 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS OXYGEN AND CARBON
DIOXIDE CONTENT 5-4
5.4 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS MOISTURE CONTENT 5-4
5.5 DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES 5-6
5.6 DETERMINATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE 5-6
5.7 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS 5-7
5.8 DETERMINATION OF METHANE AND NON-METHANE
HYDROCARBONS 5-7
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded)
Page
5.9 DETERMINATION OF GASEOUS ORGANIC HAP
USING FTIRS 5-8
5.10 DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC HAPS BY DIRECT
INTERFACE GCMS 5-9
5.11 DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS BY CARB 429 5-12
5.12 DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATER 5-14
5.13 DETERMINATION OF FUEL OIL COMPOSITION 5-14
6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES
AND RESULTS 6-1
6.1 FTIRS QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-1
6.2 CEMS QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-5
6.3 GCMS QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-12
6.4 CARB 429 QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-19
6.5 DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT 6-29
APPENDIX A SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT - COLORADO STATE
UNIVERSITY ENGINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION
LABORATORY, "EMISSIONS TESTING OF CONTROL DEVICES
FOR RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES IN
SUPPORT OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) PHASE 3:
FOUR-STROKE, DIESEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES"
APPENDIX B SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT - EMISSION MONITORING,
INC. "RESULTS OF DIRECT INTERFACE GCMS TESTING
CONDUCTED ON A 2-STROKE LEAD BURN ENGINE"
VOLUME II
APPENDIX C SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT - EASTERN RESEARCH
GROUP, INC. "CARB METHOD 429: SAMPLE ANALYSIS"
APPENDIX D CARB METHOD 429 FIELD DATA
iii
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 2.1 Emissions Test Log 2-2
Table 2.2 Summary of Engine and Exhaust Gas Parameters 2-4
Table 2.3 Stack Concentrations of Detected FTIRS and CEMS Compounds 2-5
Table 2.4 Stack Concentrations of Detected GCMS Compounds 2-7
Table 2.5 Summary of Stack Gas and Sampling Parameters CARB 429
Catalyst Inlet and Outlet 2-10
Table 2.6 Emission Rates of Detected PAHS at Catalyst Inlet 2-12
Table 2.7 Emission Rates of Detected PAHS at Catalyst Outlet 2-17
Table 2.8 Mass Flow Scenarios 2-13
Table 2.9 Removal Efficiencies of Detected Organic Compounds ......... 2-15
Table 2.10 Method ISO 8178-1 Particulate Matter Mass Flow Data 2-16
Table 2.11 Summary of Fuel Oil Analysis 2-17
Table 3.1 Engine and Catalyst Specifications Caterpillar 3508 EUI (4-stroke,
diesel cycle, oil-fired) 3-2
Table 3.2 Summary of Nominal Engine Parameters 3-3
Table 3.3 Target Engine Operating Conditions During Testing 3-5
Table 3.4 Summary of Engine Parameters - Caterpillar 3508 EUI 3-6
Table 3.5 Summary of Engine Parameters During Baseline Runs 3-7
Table 5.1 Summary of Sampling and Analysis Methods 5-2
Table 5.2 FTIRS Analyzer Specifications 5-8
Table 5.3 Summary of Fuel Oil Analysis Methods 5-15
Table 6.1 Detection Limits of FTIRS and CEMS Compounds 6-6
Table 6.2 Types and Frequencies of CEMS Analyzer Calibrations 6-8
Table 6.3 Summary of Fuel Factor Values .6-11
Table 6.4 Summary of CEMS Analytical Detection Limits 6-12
Table 6.5 Summary of GCMS Continuing Calibrations 6-14
Table 6.6 GCMS Analyte Spike Recoveries 6-15
Table 6.7 Detection Limits of GCMS Compounds at Catalyst Inlet 6-17
Table 6.8 Detection Limits of GCMS Compounds at Catalyst Outlet 6-18
Table 6.8 CARB 429 Sample Train - Summary of Temperature Sensor
Calibration Data 6-20
Table 6.10 CARB 429 Sample Train Summary of Pitot Tube Calibration Data ..... 6-21
Table 6.11 CARB 429 Sample Train Summary of Dry Gas Meter and Orifice
Calibration Data 6-22
iv
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LIST OF TABLES (Concluded)
Page
Table 6.12 Summary of CARB 429 Blank Results 6-25
Table 6,13 Summary of CARB 429 Surrogate Recoveries 6-26
Table 6.14 Detection Limits of PAH Compounds at Catalyst Inlet 6-27
Table 6.15 Detection Limits of PAH Compounds at Catalyst Outlet 6-28
Table 6.16 Summary of Engine and Method Performance 6-31
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1.1 Test Program Organization and Major Lines of Communication 1-3
Figure 4.1 Inlet Sample Port Locations for Velocity, CARB 429, FTIRS, CEMS,
and GCMS Sampling ... 4-2
Figure 4.2 Inlet Traverse Point Locations for Velocity and CARB 429 Sampling .... 4-3
Figure 4.3 Outlet Sample Port Locations for Velocity, CARB 429, FTIRS, CEMS,
and GCMS Sampling 4-4
Figure 4.4 Outlet Traverse Point Locations for Velocity and CARB 429 Sampling .. 4-5
Figure 5.1 Schematic Diagram of EECL FTIRS/CEMS Sampling and
Analysis System 5-6
Figure 5.2 Schematic of GCMS Sampling and Analysis System 5-11
Figure 5.3 Schematic Diagram of CARB 429 PAH Sampling Train 5-13
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE) to characterize engine emissions and
catalyst control efficiencies of hazardous air pollutants (HAP). This document describes the
results of HAP and particulate matter (PM) emissions testing conducted on a Caterpillar 3508
EUI diesel cycle, oil-fired, 4-stroke engine. Early in 1998, several industry and EPA
representatives agreed that the Caterpillar 3508 EUI engine at the Colorado State University's
(CSU) Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) is adequately representative of
existing and new diesel cycle engines. The group agreed that a matrix of test results from
testing conducted at the EECL could be used to develop Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) standards for RICE. The group further agreed that an oxidation catalyst
installed on the Caterpillar 3508 EUI could be used to determine the effectiveness of
oxidation catalysts for these engines, and that the EPA could use the results from testing at
CSU as the basis for developing the MACT standard for diesel cycle oil-fired engines,
PES conducted emission testing to measure pollutant concentrations in the exhaust
gas both up and downstream of an oxidation catalyst. Englehard Corporation manufactured
the catalyst and CSU personnel installed it on the engine. Several sampling and analysis
methods measured HAP emissions before and after the oxidation catalyst. Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) measured formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein.
Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, (o,m,p)-xylenes, styrene, hexane, and 1,3-butadiene, were
measured using a direct-interface gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer detector
(GCMS). Continuous emission monitors (CEMS) measured oxygen, (02), carbon dioxide
(C02), nitrogen oxides (NOJ, carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), methane
(CH4),- and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). Naphthalene and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) [acenaphthene, acenapthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene,
benzo(g,h,i)perylene, chiysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fiuorene, indeno(l,2,3-
cd)pyrene, 2-methylnapthalene, perylene, phenanthrene, and pyrene] were measured by
California Air Resources Board (CARB) Method 429.
PM testing was conducted using a dilution sampling system. A sample of the exhaust
gas was extracted from the stack, and diluted with clean, dry air then passed through a series
of filters. Particle mass was determined gravimetrically. Fuel oil samples were collected and
analyzed to determine the concentrations of target metals (beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
lead, maganese, mercury, nickel, and selenium).
PES employed four subcontractors for this effort. The CSU EECL provided the
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
1-1
September 2001
-------
facility and the engine for the test program, operated the engine at predefined conditions, and
recorded engine operational data during the testing. In addition, CSU EECL personnel
operated two FTIRS sampling and analysis systems and two CEMS systems that measured
pollutants and diluents in the exhaust gas. Emissions Monitoring, Inc., (EMI) of Raleigh,
North Carolina provided emissions testing services and two direct-interface GCMS sample
extraction and analysis systems. Eastern Research Group (ERG) of Morrisville, North
Carolina, prepared filter media and XAD-2® sorbent resin traps and analyzed the CARB
Method 429 samples for PAHs using Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LRMS).
Galbraith Laboratories, Inc. of Knoxville, Tennessee provided ultimate, proximate, and
metals analysis of the foel oil samples collected by PES.
Under a separate work EPA assignment, ERG personnel operated an EPA-owned
dynamic spiking system for the validation of the FTIRS systems for formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and acrolein. Sierra Instruments, Inc., of Monterey, California conducted the
PM testing on the engine in conjunction with the testing conducted by PES.
The test program organization and major lines of communication employed during
this project are presented in Figure 1.1. The balance of this report contains the following
Sections:
Section 2.0 Summary of Results
Section 3.0 Source Description and Operation
Section 4.0 Sampling Locations
Section 5,0 Sampling and Analysis Methods
Section 6,0 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures and Results
The appendices of this report contain the engine test report submitted to PES by CSU,
the test report outlining the results of the testing for the GCMS compounds submitted to PES
by EMI, and the analytical report for PAH compounds submitted to PES by ERG. Also
included are PES field data sheets and calibration data associated with the PAH sampling.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
1-2
September 2001
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EPA/EMC
Quality Assurance Officer
Lara P. Autry
(919)541-5544
l
EPA/EMC
Wort: Assignment Manager
R. Terry Harrison
(919)541-5233
I
EPA/ESD
Lead Engineer
Sims Roy
(919)541-5263
Pretest
Site Survey
PES
Project Manager
Dennis A. Falgout
(703)471-8383
PES
OA/QC Officer
Jeff Van Atten
<703)47t-8383
Site Specific
Test Plan
Draft Final
Quality Assurance
Project Plan
Analysis
Reports
Subcontractor
CSUEECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc.
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group, Inc.
Subcontractor
CSU EECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc.
Subcontractor
CSUEECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc.
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group, Inc.
Subcontractor
Oalbraith Laboratories, Inc.
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group, Inc.
Subcontractor
CSUEECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc.
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group Inc.
Figure 1.1. Test Program Organization and Major Lines of Communication
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
1-3
September 2001
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2.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
This section provides summaries of the stack gas parameters and HAP emissions
measured during the test program. Testing of the Caterpillar 3508 EUI engine was conducted
August 31 through September 2, 1999 at CSU's Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
in Fort Collins, Colorado. The following sub-sections present the test times and durations,
engine and stack gas parameters, HAP concentrations before and after the oxidation catalyst,
PM concentrations and metal content in the fuel oil.
The measurements that were made of fuel flow consumption during each test run
were determined by EECL personnel to be inaccurate. Pollutant emission data is presented
on a concentration basis, corrected to a reference oxygen concentration of 15%. The removal
efficiency of HAP by the catalyst is calculated using pre- and post-catalyst concentrations of
each compound, corrected to 15% oxygen.
2.1 EMISSIONS TEST LOG
During the test period, the test team conducted twenty-five test runs. These test runs
consisted often 5-minute Quality Control (QC) runs, ten 33-minute sampling runs for
collection of FTIRS, CEMS and GCMS data, three CARB Method 429 runs, and two
5-minute baseline runs. PM sampling runs were conducted just before and just after each 33-
minute FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS sampling run. Table 2.1 presents the emissions test log. The
test log summarizes the date and time of each ran and the sampling methods used during that
particular run. Additional discussions of the engine operating parameters may be found in
Section 3.0 of this document.
In Table 2.1, the sampling runs are presented in the order of their conduct. In the
tables that follow Table 2.1, the sampling runs are presented in numerical order. The test
team decided to arrange the test order so that making small changes in engine operation could
accomplish changes from condition to condition rather than large changes. The approach
reduced both the time between test runs needed to effect the change and the time the engine
needed to stabilize after the change. The effect on the test program was that we did not
conduct the engine load tests in the order in which the Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP) presents them. To maintain consistency with the QAPP, we did not change the
numbers denoting the engine test conditions. The reader should note that no Runs designated
5,6,7, and 8 were conducted on this engine. These ran designations describe conditions that
were applicable to the other two engines tested during the HAP characterization project.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-1
September 2001
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TABLE 2.1
EMISSIONS TEST LOG
Date
Run Time
Run ID
Sampling Methodology
8/31/99
1006-1011
Run 1 QC
-
8/31/99
1047-1120
Run 1
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
8/31/99
1335-1340
Run 14QC-2
-
8/31/99
1358-1431
Run 14
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
8/31/99
1645-1650
Run 13 QC
-
8/31/99
1659-1732
Run 13
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
8/31/99
1831-1836
Run 10 QC
-
8/31/99
1859-1932
Run 10
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
8/31/99
1859-2059
PAH 1 (Run 10)
CARB Method 429
8/31/99
2220-2225
Run 9 QC
-
8/31/99
2243-2316
Run 9
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
9/1/99
1055-1100
Run 4 QC
-
9/1/99
1116-1149
Run 4
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
9/1/99
1309-1314
Baseline No. 1
-
9/1/99
1340-1345
Run 11 QC
-
9/1/99
1517-1550
Run 11
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
9/1/99
1624-1629
Run 12 QC
-
9/1/99
1637-1710
Run 12
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
9/1/99
1830-1835
Run 2 QC
-
9/1/99
1845-1918
Run 2
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
9/1/99
1912-2124
PAH 2 (Run 2)
CARB Method 429
9/2/99
0949-0954
Run 3 QC
-
9/2/99
1005-1038
Run 3
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM
9/2/99
1038-1218
PAH 3 (Run 3)
CARB Method 429
9/2/99
1250-1255
Baseline Ho. 2
-
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-2
September 2001
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2.2 ENGINE PARAMETERS
Table 2.2 summarizes some engine and exhaust gas parameters measured and/or
calculated during the test program. The EECL's Data Acquisition System (DAS), monitored
and recorded approximately 200 engine operating parameters, and gas temperatures, and
concentrations of 02, C02, and moisture at the catalyst inlet and exhaust. (The test report
generated by CSU EECL is presented in Appendix A).
2.3 FTIRS AND CEMS MEASUREMENTS
Table 2.3 summarizes the in-stack and corrected concentrations of the FTIRS target
compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) and the CEMS target compounds
(carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, THC, methane, and NMHC).
EECL operated two FTIRS sampling and analysis systems to quantify concentrations
of the target compounds. Exhaust gas samples were extracted from locations upstream and
downstream of the oxidation catalyst, conditioned, and transported to a Nicolet Rega 7000
FTIRS (upstream location) and a Nicolet Magna 560 FTIRS (downstream location). The
upstream FTIRS also measured the moisture content in the exhaust gas. Moisture
measurements by the downstream FURS were determined by EECL personnel to be
inaccurate. A carbon balance method calculated the moisture concentration at the
downstream sampling location.
EECL reported formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein values upstream of the
catalyst during every run. Inspection of EECL's FTIRS detection limit (DL) data for these
compounds showed that reported formaldehyde concentrations were approximately 10 times
the formaldehyde DLs, acetaldehyde concentrations were between 1 and 2 times the
acetaldehyde DLs, and acrolein concentrations were less than the acrolein DLs. PES changed
a reported value to "Not Detected" (ND) if the reported value was less than the DL value
reported by EECL. Run by run detection limit values of the FTIRS compounds are presented
in Table 6.1.
Downstream of the catalyst, EECL reported formaldehyde values for ten of the
thirteen runs. Concentrations for the other three runs were all reported as zeros. At the
downstream location, only one (Run 1) of the ten runs where formaldehyde values were
reported was greater than the formaldehyde DL. PES changed the reported formaldehyde
values downstream of the catalyst to ND for every ran except for Run 1. EECL reported
acetaldehyde values for every run downstream of the catalyst. The reported downstream
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-3
September 2001
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TABLE 2.2
SUMMARY OF ENGINE AND EXHAUST GAS PARAMETERS
Run ID
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Engine Speed, rpm
1800
1799
1600
1600
1800
1800
1799
1799
1800
1800
1800
1799
1600
Engine Torque, ft-lb
2884
2019
2019
2884
2882
2885
2885
2884
2887
2886
2884
2018
2019
Horsepower, bhp
988
692
615
878
988
989
988
988
989
989
988
691
615
Equivalence Ratio, $
0.52
0.49
0.53
0.57
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.52
0.51
0.49
0.54
C
latalyst Inlet
Gas Temperature, °F
815
775
830
878
792
813
804
809
811
809
817
779
830
Oxygen, % vol d.b.
10.40
11.11
10.11
9.40
11.06
10,70
10.59
10.60
10.60
10.43
10.70
11.10
10.10
Cartoon Dioxide, % vol d.b.
7.29
6.73
7.80
8.18
7.31
7.50
7.20
7.17
7.11
7.21
7.50
6.79
7.79
€
aialyst Outlet
Gas Temperature, °F
819
781
837
883
794
816
809
813
814
812
819
784
837
Oxygen, % vol d.b.
10.60
11.22
10.06
9.43
11.00
10.70
10.69
10.70
10.79
10.65
10.70
11.20
10.06
Carbon Dioxide, % wl d.b.
7.56
6.87
7.73
8,13
7.38
7.65
7.23
7.22
7,53
7.61
7.65
6.87
7.74
rpm - revolutions per rrinute 4>- reciprocal of % Excess Air
ft-lb - foot-pounds "F - degrees Fahrenheit
bhp - brake horsepower % vof d.b. - % volume dry basis
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-4
September 2001
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TABLE 2.3
STACK CONCENTRATIONS OF DETECTED FTJRS AND CEMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Run 1
Run 2 | Run 3
Run 4
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Catalyst Inlet
Formaldehyde ppmwv
y ppmvd @ 15% 02
2.5
1.5
1.4
0.93
2.3
1.4
2.9
1.6
2.0
13
2.5
1.6
2.2
1.4
2.5
1.6
2.6
1.6
2.3
1.4
2.6
1.7
1.4
0.9
2.3
1.4
Acetaldehyde S*®15%02
1.1
0.68
1.2
0.78
0.94
0.58
1.0
0.59
1,4
0.92
1.3
0.80
1.3
0.79
1.5
1.0
1.5
0.92
1.3
0.81
1.3
0.83
1.1
0.71
0.9
0.54
Protein PP™!L ™
ppmvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
" ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Nitrogen Oxides (as N02) ^@1S%02
1267
711,9
1507
908.3
1873
1024
899.8
1139
683.1
1208
698.8
1266
724.7
1228
703.7
992,6
568.6
1365
769.3
1227
709.7
1494
899,3
1868
1020
Carbon Monoxide ^Z@15%02
78.6
44.1
""73.2
44.1
140
76.8
149
76.2
39.8
751
43.5
72.6
41.6
74.6
42.7
78.9
45.2
7318
41.6
76.6
44.3
73.6
44.3
141
77.1
Me,hane ppmvd @ 15% 02
4,3
"1S.8
11.1
17.0
10.2
14.3
8.1
14,4
9.4
24.8
15.8
22.6
14.2
13,8
8.7
180
113
8.5
5.2
21.7
13.8
7.9
21.7
13.1
Non-methane Hydrocarbons ^@15%02
3.2
2.0
4,8
3.2
9,0
5.4
15.5
8,8
11.8
7,8
15.1
9.6
16.6
10.4
14.9
8.4
52.9
52.2
3.4
2.1
2i:7
13.8
12.1
7.9
12.4
7.4
Total Hydrocarbons JS®15%02
32.1
18.0
32.1
19.3
75.2
41.1
24:8
12.8
36.2
21.7
40.4
23.3
32.9"
18.8
35.5
20.4
40. T
23.0
34.5
19.5
40.1
23.2
34.3
20.6
87.0
47.5
Catalyst Outlet
FomakM,® |SZ®,s%02
0.87
0.58
ND
ND
No
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
,5-4 02
3.0
2.0
1.7
1.2
1.92
1.2
1.7
1.0
2.7
1.9
2.9
1.9
2.2
1.5
2.5
1.7
2.3
1.5
2.1
1.4
2.7
1.8
1.7
1.2
2.0
1.3
Acrolein ppmw
C ppmvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
"ND
ND
ND
ND
NL)
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Nitrogen Oxides (as N02) ^@15%Q2
1255
719-1
W28
870.3
1853
1009
1659
853.3
1145
682.5
1235
714.4
1227
708.8
1192
689-6
1022.4
596.7
1359
782.1
1241
717.6
1413
859.5
1853
1009
Carbon Monoxide £^@15% 02
21.1
12.1
20,4
12.4
13.2
23.3
12.0
19.1
11.4
20 9
12.1
20.8
12.0
20.5
11.8
20 2
11.8
71.5"'
12.5
20.5
11.8
20.1
12.2
23.2
12,6
.... ppmvw
M6,hane ppmvd @ 15% 02
4.8
3.2
7.3
5.2
6.4
4.1
4.5
2.7
" 6:r~
4.8
8.9
6.0
6.8
4.6
12.0
8.1
153
195
132
9.1
6.2
5.2
3,7
11,3
7.2
Non-methane Hydrocarbons @ 1g% Q2
4.1
2.7
2.3
1.6
U.Rf
0.40
2.8
1.7
1.9
1.3
2.5
1.4
4.1
2.8
"Y.T'
1.6
29.0
19.8
20.2
13.7
1.5
1.0
3.6
2.6
1.4
0.9
Total Hydrocarbons JS@15%02
4.1
2.4
4.8
2.9
6-4
3.5
5.0
2.6
4.4
2.6
4.9
2.9
4.7
2.7
4.6
2.7
4.9
2.9
5.2
3.0
4.8
2.8
4.7
2,9
6.0
3.2
ppiwd - parts per nflon by volume, dry basis
ppnwd
-------
concentrations were between one and three times the values of the DLs. These values were
approximately twice the acetaldehyde concentrations reported upstream of the catalyst.
EECL reported zeros for acrolein for all runs downstream of the catalyst. PES changed the
reported acrolein concentrations for all runs downstream of the catalyst to ND.
Table 2.3 also shows in-stack and corrected concentrations of the CEMS compounds.
EECL personnel operated two CEMS sampling and analysis systems. Engine exhaust gas
samples were extracted from locations upstream and downstream of the catalyst. These
samples were filtered and dried (except that the methane/non-methane sample was not dried),
then transported to the CEMS analyzer racks. The CEMS detected all target compounds at
both the inlet and the outlet locations. Table 6.1 presents the CEMS detection limits for each
run.
2.4 GCMS MEASUREMENTS
Table 2.4 presents the in-stack concentrations and concentrations collected to 15%
oxygen of the GCMS compounds (1,3-butadiene, hexane benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene,
(o,m,p)-xylenes, and styrene). EMI personnel operated two Inficon Portable Gas
Chromatographs with Mass Spectrometer Detectors. Gas samples for GCMS analysis were
extracted from the up and downstream locations through a heated probe and quartz fiber
filter, then transported via a heated Teflon® sample line to a Peltier condenser that
continuously removed moisture. The sample was then co-mixed with an internal standard
mixture (in a constant ratio of 10:1) in the GC sampling loop for 1 minute before injection
into the GCMS. After purging the sample loop for I minute, the GCMS injected the sample
onto the separatory column to resolve the target compounds for quantization. A PC-based
DAS supported each GCMS to calculate peak areas of the target compounds.
The large quantity of small, highly adsorptive soot particles found at both the inlet
and outlet sampling locations caused analytical problems. The soot adsorbed a portion of the
target analytes (i.e., benzene and toluene). This effect was documented by analyte spiking
(See Section 6). EMI took special precautions including modification of the sampling
equipment and modification of sampling procedures to minimize the effects of the soot on
the measurement results. (See detailed discussion in Section 5) In spite of these efforts to
minimize collection of particulate matter, concentration results for benzene and toluene are
consistently biased low.
Benzene and toluene were the only compounds detected upstream of the catalyst.
Their concentrations varied from 30 to 140 ppb. These are near, or below the lowest GCMS
calibration point of 100 ppb. Benzene was the only compound detected at the catalyst outlet
at concentration levels ranging from 30 to 150 ppb. These concentration levels are near, orB
below the lowest GCMS calibration point of 100 ppb.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-6
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.4
STACK CONCENTRATIONS OF DETECTED GCMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Run1
Run2
| Run3
Run4
Run9
Run10
Run11
Run12
Run13
Run14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Catalyst Inlet
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
1,3-Butadiene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppb\d
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
Hexane
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd
40
50
120
90
33
35
53
58
33
40
35
50
N/A
Benzene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
22
30
66
46
19
20
30
33
19
23
20
30
N/A
ppbwd
140
100
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
N/A
Toluene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
79
100
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
N/A
ppbwd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
Ethyl Benzene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ni/p-Xyfens
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A I
otyrene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A I
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A |
p-Xylene
I
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A I
ppbvd - parts per bilionby volume,dry basis
ppbvd# IS%02-parts per Mllon by volume, dry basis, normalized to 15%oxygen
NO - Refer to Table 6.7 forrurt-br wn detection limits at the catalyst inlet, and Table 6 J for rgn-by-run detecSo n limits at the cata^st outlet
N/A - NotavaKable. GCMS data was not collected during Oils sampling run.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-7
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.4 (Concluded)
STACK CONCENTRATIONS OF DETECTED GCMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Run1
Run2
Run3
Run4
Run9
RunlO
Runll
Run12
Run13
Run14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Catalyst Outlet
Ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
1,3-Butadiene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
Hexane
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
Ppbvd
0
100
100
100
100
100
ND
ND
100
0
100
100
N/A
Benzene
ppbvd @15% 02
0
0
100
100
100
0
ND
ND
0
0
0
100
N/A
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
Toluene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbwi
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
Ethyl Benzene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
m/p-Xylene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
oiyrene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbwl
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
o-Xylene
ppbvd @ 15% 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N/A
ppbvd-parts per billion by volume,dry basts
ppiwd 015%02-parts perMllon by volume.diybasis,norma feed to l5%oxygen
HO - Refer to Table 6.7 for nm-by-ran detection imits at the catalyst Met, and Table 6 B fo r run-by-fun detec Mori Bmits at the catalystouttet.
N/A - NotavalbHe. GCMS data was notcolectsdduring this sampmg run.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-8
September 2001
-------
2.5 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) MEASUREMENTS
PES used CARB Method 429 to collect samples of the engine exhaust for
determination ofPAHs up and downstream of the catalyst. A sample of the exhaust gas was
extracted through a glass nozzle, heated glass-lined probe, a heated quartz filter, and a chilled
sorbent trap containing XAD-2 sorbent resin. The resin was extracted and combined with the
front-half train rinses and the filter and analyzed for PAH content by ERG using Low
Resolution Mass Spectrometry. PES did three CARB 429 sampling runs. Each run consisted
of simultaneous sampling at both the upstream and downstream locations. The first PAH run
was conducted at Run Condition No. 10, and the second PAH run was conducted at Run
Condition No. 2. The last PAH run was conducted at Run Condition No. 3. Table 2.5
presents stack gas and sample train parameters for the CARB 429 testing.
The dangerous characteristics (5 inches Hg static pressure, 800 °F stack temperature,
2,000 ppm NOx concentration) of the exhaust gas and inadequate access to one of the sample
ports mandated that sampling be conducted through only one sampling port upstream of the
catalyst. The first sampling run at the inlet was aborted after 50 minutes of sampling. The
static pressure of the engine exhaust pushed the glass liner from the heated probe. PES
modified the sample probe by replacing the glass liner with a stainless steel liner. The
technicians tightened the compression nuts and ferrules on the stainless steel liner more than
was possible on the glass liner. This modification enabled collection of samples for the
remaining CARB 429 sampling runs. Both of the remaining runs were 120 minutes in
duration. PES could not conduct velocity traverses upstream of the catalyst. When the pitot
tube was inserted into the duct for velocity traverses, the reading on the manometer was
greater than 10 inches H20. This phenomenon was likely due to the high static pressure.
PES did a velocity traverse downstream of the catalyst. This traverse was used to calculate
gas velocities upstream of the catalyst, to set sampling rates, and to estimate isokinetic
sampling ratios at the inlet. The estimated isokinetic sampling ratios for the CARB 429 runs
upstream of the catalyst were 68.4,104.5, and 92.5 percent for PAH Runs 1,2, and 3.
Downstream of the catalyst, PES conducted three CARB 429 sampling runs. Each
sampling run was 120 minutes in duration. Velocity traverses were conducted before and
after each run, and the results used to set sampling rates and calculate isokinetic sampling
ratios. The isokinetic sampling ratios were 97.1,96.2, and 101.7 for PAH Runs 1,2, and 3,
respectively.
Table 2.6 presents the mass emission rates of detected PAH target compounds
upstream of the catalyst. Since velocity traverses were conducted in conjunction with the
PAH sampling, mass flow rates for the PAH compounds could be calculated. Several of the
PAH target compounds (acenapthylene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene,
chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, napthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) were detected during
all three runs. Benzo(a) anthracene was detected during Runs PAH 2 and PAH 3.
Aeenapthene, anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene,
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-9
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.5
SUMMARY OF STACK GAS AND SAMPLING PARAMETERS
GARB 429 CATALYST INLET AND OUTLET
Run ID
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Average
Date
8/31/99
9/1/99
9/2/99
Catalyst Inlet
Sampling Duration, minutes
50
120
120
Average Sampling Rate, dscfm 8
0.755
0.621
0.555
0.644
Sample Volume, dscfb
37.745
74.575
66.598
59.639
Exhaust Gas Temperature, *F
800
800
800
800
Stack Pressure, inches Hg
29.84
29.84
29.84
29.84
02 Concentration, % by Volume
10.7
11.1
10.1
10.6
C02 Concentration, % by Volume
7.5
6.8
7.8
7,4
Moisture, % by Volume
8.4
9.3
9.3
9.0
Exhaust Gas Volumetric Flow Rate:
acfm 0,d
2979
3035
3061
3025
dscfm *,a
1,140
1,150
1,160
1150
Stack Gas Velcocity, ft/sd
142
145
146
144
Isokinetic Sampling Ratio, %
68.4
104.5
92.5
88.4
Catalyst Outlet
Sampling Duration, minutes
120
120
120
Average Sampling Rate, dscfm a
0.504
0.503
0.539
0.515
Sample Volume, dscf b
60.470
60.399
64.685
61.851
Exhaust Gas Temperature, °F
761
760
762
761
Stack Pressure, inches Hg
25.38
25.38
25.38
25.38
02 Concentration, % by Volume
10.70
11.20
10.06
10,65
C02 Concentration, % by Volume
7.65
6.87
7.74
7.42
Moisture, % by Volume
8.1
8.2
6.9
7.7
Exhaust Gas Volumetric Flow Rate:
acfm c
3,380
3,410
3,410
3400
dscfm *
1,140
1,150
1,160
1150
Stack Gas Velcocity, ft/s
71.9
72.4
72.5
72.3
Isokinetic Sampling Ratio, %
97.1
96.2
101.7
98.3
* Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 68" F <20* C) and 1 atm.
" Dry standard cubic feet at 68* F (20° C) and 1 atm.
c Actual cubic feet per minute at exhaust gas conditions,
4 Calculated from standard flow conditions observed at catalyst outlet (SEE text)
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-10
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.6
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED PAHS AT CATALYST INLET
Run ID
Date
PAH 1
8/31/99
PAH 2
9/1/99
PAH 3
9/2/99
Averagea
Acenaphthene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Acenaphthylene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
13
28
20
31
35
48
Anthracene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
ND
ND
6.3
9.6
ND
ND
Benzo(a)anthracene
Mg/bhp-hr
jjlb/hr
ND
ND
1.0
1.6
1.2
1.6
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.34
0.75
1.6
2.4
1.7
2.3
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
pg/bhp-hr
jjlb/hr
0.14
0.31
0.43
0.66
0.41
0.55
Benzo{g ,h ,i)perylene
(jg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3enzo(a)pyrene
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Chrysene
Mg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
1.4
3.0
2.8
4.2
3.3
4.5
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Fluoranthene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
3.5
7.7
16
24
25
34
Fluorene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
41
90
43
65
56
75
lrideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Mg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Naphthalene
Mg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
179
390
215
328
381
517
Phenanthrene
pg/bhp-hi
Mlb/hr
57
124
71
107
118
160
Pyrene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
14
30
25
38
35
48
* Average of Runs PAH 2 and PAH 3; Run PAH 1 was aborted after 50 minutes because the glass liner separated from the
nozzle. PAH 1 data are presented for information only.
" ND indicates that the compound was not detected. Averages include detection limits.
Table 6.14 presents detection limits of PAHs at the catalyst inlet.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-11
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.7
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED PAHS AT CATALYST OUTLET
Run ID
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Average
Date
8/31/99
9/1/99
9/2/99
Acenapthene
jjg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
ND
plb/hr
ND
ND
<
0.25
Aeenaphthylene
pg/bhp-hr
0.36
ND
2.8
<
1.1
Mlb/hr
0.79
ND
3.7
<
1.6
Anthracene
Mg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.25
Benzo(a)anthracene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.25
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
jjlb/hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.25
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
ND
plb/hr
ND
ND
<
0.25
Benzo(g,h,i)peiylene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
ND
ND
plb/hr
ND
<
0.25
Benzo(a)pyrene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
ND
ND
plb/hr
ND
<
0.25
Chiysene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
ND
plb/hr
ND
ND
<
0.25
Dibenz(a, h)arithracene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.25
Fluoranthene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
0.09
<
0.12
plb/hr
ND
ND
0.12
<
0.21
pg/bhp-hr
ND
0.25
0.12
<
0.16
plb/hr
ND
0.39
0.17
<
0.27
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)py rene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
ND
0.25
plb/hr
ND
ND
<
Naphthalene
pg/bhp-hr
10
13
12
12
23
16
plb/hr
20
20
Phenanthrene
pg/bhp-hr
0.77
0.72
0.27
0.59
plb/hr
1.7
1.1
0.37
1.0
Pyrene
pg/bhp-hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.15
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
<
0.25
ND indicates that the compound was no! detected. Averages include detection irrits.
Table 6. IS presents detection Ms of PAhte at the catalyst inlet.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-12
September 2001
-------
and indeno( 1,2,3-cd)pyrene were not detected during any of the sampling runs upstream of
the catalyst. The table presents the results of each sampling run. Run PAH 1 was aborted, so
the averages reported are the averages of the results for the second and the third run. For
those compounds that were not detected, the average is the average of the in-stack mass flow
rate using analytical detection limits reported by ERG, Table 6.14 presents the in-stack
detection limits at the catalyst inlet for each compound on a run-by-run basis.
Table 2.7 presents the mass emission rates of detected PAH target compounds at the
catalyst outlet. Napthalene and phenanthrene were detected during all three runs, and
acenapthylene and fluorene were detected during two of the three rims. Fluoranthene was
detected during the third run only. None of the remaining PAH compounds were detected
downstream of the catalyst. For these compounds, the (3-run) average detection limit is
presented in the average column. Table 6.15 presents the in-stack detection limits at the
catalyst outlet for each compound on a run-by-run basis.
2.6 DESTRUCTION OF HAP BY THE CATALYST
There are five possible HAP concentration (or in the case of PAH compounds, mass
flow rate) combinations that can occur across the oxidation catalyst. Table 2.8 presents these
combinations, and notes whether a destruction efficiency is reported. Out of the five possible
combinations, there are two instances where the destruction efficiency of the target pollutant
is reported. If pollutant emissions into the catalyst (Qin) is greater than pollutant emissions
exiting the catalyst (Qout), %DE is calculated. If the pollutant is detected entering the
catalyst, but is not detected exiting the catalyst, %DE is estimated using the concentration of
PAH mass flow rate at the inlet, and the concentration or PAH mass flow rate corresponding
to the analytical detection limit at the outlet.
TABLE 2.8
MASS FLOW SCENARIOS
Scenario No.
Result
DF, Reported?
1
Qin ^ 0; Qogt > 0; Qta > Q^
YES
2
Q«,>0;Qou, = ND
YES
3
Qin Qoul
NO
4
Qin= ND; Q,,,,, > 0
NO
5
Qin ~ ND; Qout = ND
NO
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-13
September 2001
-------
PES calculated the catalyst destruction efficiency of several target compounds. These
data are presented in Table 2,9, Formaldehyde is the only FTIRS compound for which
catalyst removal efficiencies are calculated. Since formaldehyde was detected downstream of
the catalyst during Run 1, the formaldehyde removal efficiency for Run 1 is calculated with
quantified mass emissions rates. For all other runs, the removal efficiency of formaldehdye
is estimated using the value of detection limit values at the catalyst outlet, Acetaldehyde
removal efficiencies are not calculated, since the mass flow rate of acetaldehyde downstream
of the catalyst exceeds the upstream mass flow for every run. Acrolein removal was not
calculated because acrolein was detected neither upstream nor downstream of the catalyst.
PES calculated the removal of carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons, but none of
the remaining CEMS compounds. The mass flow rates of NOx into and out of the catalyst
were essentially the same. Toluene was the only GCMS compounds for which removal
efficiencies were calculated. Since toluene was not detected downstream of the catalyst,
toluene detection limits values were used to estimate toluene removal efficiency. Removal
efficiencies for benzene were not calculated, since the calculated mass flow rates downstream
of the catalyst usually exceeded the flow rates upstream of the catalyst.
PES calculated removal efficiencies for most of the PAH compounds using the data
from Runs PAH 2 and PAH 3. Since the Run PAH 1 was aborted at the inlet, no PAH
removal efficiencies have been calculated for this run. On the remaining two runs, fluorene,
napthalene, and phenanthrene were detected both upstream and downstream of the catalyst.
Acenaphthylene and flouranthene were detected at both locations during Run PAH 3.
2.7 PARTICULATE MATTER MEASUREMENTS
Under contract to the Engine Manufacturer's Association, Sierra Instruments
conducted testing to determine the mass flow rates of total condensible particulate matter
upstream and downstream of the catalyst. EECL included the results of these tests in its test
report to PES. PES has reproduced those data in Table 2.9. At the time that this report was
written, PES had not received a test report describing the testing or test procedures. Sierra
used a BG-1 Micro-Dilution Test Stand (which they manufacture) to extract, dilute, and
collect entrained particulate matter up- and downstream of the catalyst.
2.8 FUEL OIL ANALYSES
PES collected three samples of the fuel oil that was used to fire the Caterpillar engine.
One sample was collected each day. Galbraith Laboratories, Inc. in Knoxville, Tennessee did
ultimate and proximate analysis of each sample, and analyzed each sample for the target
metals. Table 2,10 presents the results of these analyses.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-14
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.9
REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES OF DETECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
^lurtlD
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Formaldehyde
62%
> 74%
>81%
>85%
>81%
>84%
>81%
>83%
>84%
>81%
>84%
>72%
>81%
Carbon Monoxide
73%
72%
83%
84%
71%
72%
71%
72%
74%
70%
73%
72%
84%
Total Hydrocarbons
87%
85%
92%
80%
88%
88%
86%
87%
88%
84%
88%
86%
93%
Toluene
>89%
> 88%
>54%
> 89%
> 89%
> 89%
>90%
> 89%
> 89%
>89%
> 89%
>88%
Acenapthylene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
>99%
92%
Anthracene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
>97%
-
Benzo(a)anthracene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
>84%
>85% j
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 89%
>90%
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 62%
> 57%
Chrysene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
>94%
> 95%
Fluoranthene
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 99%
99.6%
Fluorene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
99%
99,8%
Naphthalene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
94%
97%
Phenanthrene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
99%
99.8%
Pyrene
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 99%
> 99.5%
Values proceeded by indicate that the value of the Detection Limit at the catalyst outlet was used to estimate removal efficiency,
indicates that the compound was not detected at the catalyst inlet, therfore removal efficiency was not calculated.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-15
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.10
METHOD ISO 8178-1 PARTICULATE MATTER MASS FLOW DATA
Run ID
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
Engine Load, bhp
988
692
615
878
988
989
988
988
989
989
Catalyst Inlet
Test A®, g/bhp-hr
0.05
0.07
0.06
0,07
0.05
0.10
0.04
0.10
0.05
0.09
Test Bb, g/bhp-hr
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.09
Aierage
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.09
Catat
yst Outlet
Test A®, g/bhp-hr
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.17
Test Bb, g/bhp-hr
0.07
0.05
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.11
0.08
0.15
Average
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.11
0.12
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.16
* Test Run A was conducted prior to the 33-minute FURS/CEMS/GCMS run
b Test Run B was conducted after the 33-minute FT1RS/CEMS/GCMS run
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-16
September 2001
-------
TABLE 2.11
SUMMARY OF FUEL OIL ANALYSES
C-FO-1
8/31/99
2005
C-FO-2
9/1/99
2135
C-FO-3
9/2/99
1545
Average
Carbon, % w/w
87.03
87.17
87.14
87.11
Hydrogen, % w/w
13.19
13.33
13.44
13.32
Nitrogen, % w/w
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Oxygen, % w/w
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Sulfur, % w/w
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
Water, % w/w
0.0073
0.0078
0.0065
0.0072
Ash, % w/w
<0,009
<0.009
<0.008
< 0.009
Heat of Combustion, Btu/lb
19347
18,668
18,888
18,968
Beryllium, ppmw
< 1
<1
< 1
<1
Cadmium, ppmw
<1
<1
<1
<1
Chromium, ppmw
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
Lead, ppmw
<1
0.4
0.54
<0.6
Manganese, ppmw
< 1
<1
<1
<1
Mercury, ppmw
<0.57
<0.61
<0.62
<0.60
Nickel, ppmw
< 1
< 1
<1
<1
Selenium, ppmw
<0.6
<0.6
<0.6
<0.6
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
2-17
September 2001
-------
3.0 SOURCE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
This section presents discussions of the candidate engine and the catalyst that EPA
selected for the test program. The sections that follow describe the engine and the operation
of the engine during testing.
3.1 ENGINE DESCRIPTION
The Caterpillar 3508 EUI stationary internal combustion engine is an eight-cylinder,
4-stroke, diesel cycle, internal combustion engine with a manufacturer's sea level rating of
775 brake-horsepower (bhp) at 1800 rpm. The pistons are 6.7 inches in diameter with a 7.5-
inch stroke. Air is delivered to the engine via a pressurized air delivery system; air manifold
pressures are controlled by the EECL process control system. Engine loading is controlled by
a computer-controlled water brake dynamometer. Before the test program EECL installed an
oxidation catalyst, manufactured by Engelhard, on the engine. EECL aged the catalyst under
its normal operating condition (i.e., burned in the catalyst) before the test program. This
procedure ensured that the catalyst's HAP destruction efficiency approximated the HAP
destruction efficiency of mature catalysts installed on 4-stroke diesel engines in industry.
Table 3.1 presents specifications of the engine and the catalyst. Table 3.2 presents nominal
engine operating parameters.
The compression ignition (Diesel1 cycle) engine is similar to the spark ignition (Otto2
cycle) engine, except that the compression ratio is higher, and air alone, rather than a
combustible mixture, is admitted into the cylinder chamber on the intake stroke. The rapid
compression of the air during the compression stroke raises its temperature higher than the
ignition temperature of the fuel. During the first part of the expansion stroke, the fuel is
injected into the cylinder chamber at a rate such that the combustion maintains constant
pressure in the cylinder. The exhaust stroke pushes the combustion products from the
chamber.
1 Named for Rudolf Diesel, who began design of the compression ignition engine in 1892.
2 Named for Nikolaus A. Otto, who built a highly successful four-stroke spark ignited engine in 1876.
The name of the cycle of events during the operation of the engine gradually came to be known as the Otto
cycle.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
3-1
September 2001
-------
TABLE 3.1
ENGINE AND CATALYST SPECIFICATIONS
Caterpillar 3508 EUI (4-stroke, dies el cycle, oil-fired)
Engine Classification
Four-Stroke, Diesel Cycle
Manufacturer and Type:
Caterpillar 3508 EUI
Number of Cylinders:
8
Bore and Stroke:
6.7 in. x 7.5 in.
Nominal Engine Speed:
1800 rpm
Catalyst Classification
CO/Odor Control
Manufacturer:
Engelhard
Date of Manufacture:
Unknown
Model Number:
Unknown
Serial Number:
Unknown
Item Number:
Unknown
Catalyst Material:
Unknown
Element Size:
12 in. x 16 in. x 3.5 in.
Number of Elements:
4
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
3-2
September 2001
-------
TABLE 3.2
SUMMARY OF NOMINAL ENGINE PARAMETERS
Parameter
Nominal Value
Acceptable
Range
Designation
Torque, ft-lb
2880
± 2% of value
Primary
Speed, rpm
1800
± 2% of value
Primary
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet, "F
196
± 5% of value
Primary
Oil Temperature Outlet, "F
215
± 5% of value
Primary
Air Manifold Temperature, *P
150
± 5% of value
Primary
Air Manifold Pressure, in. Hg
5" above atm.
± 5% of value
Primary
Exhaust Manifold Pressure, in. Hg
Varies with
AMP
± 5% of value
Primary
Injection Timing
21* BTDC
± 5% of value
Primary
Overall Air/Fuel Ratio
30:1
± 5% of value
Primary
Inlet Air Humidity-Absolute, lb H20/lb
Air
0.015
± 10% of value
Primary
Fuel Flow, gal/hr (lb/hr)
42(310)
± 5% of value
Primary
Oil Pressure Inlet, psi
67
± 5% of value
Secondary
Air Flow, scfm
2150
± 5% of value
Secondary
I Average Exhaust Temperature, *F
1000
± 5% of value
Secondary
ft-lb - foot-pounds
rpm - revolutions per minute
*F - degrees Fahrenheit
in. Hg - inches mercury column
BTDC - Before Top Dead Center
lb H2OZ lb Air - pounds water vapor per pound of air
gal/hr - gallons per hour
lb/hr - pounds per hour
psi - pounds per square inch
scfm - standard cubic feet per minute
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
3-3
September 2001
-------
3.2
ENGINE OPERATION DURING TESTING
As stated in Section 2 of this document, four types of test runs were conducted during
the test program: quality assurance runs, sampling runs for FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS/PM, CARB
429 sampling runs, and daily baseline runs. The operation of the engine during these various
runs is discussed on the following pages and in the following tables.
Table 3.3 presents the test matrix for the Caterpillar engine. The test matrix originally
presented in the Quality Assurance Project Plan was estimated based upon the manufacturer's
data. When the engine was installed and operated at the EECL, the estimates were found to
be inaccurate. Therefore, the test matrix was revised to represent nominal engine operating
conditions. Run Conditions 5,6,7, and 8 are conditions which call for changes in the air/fuel
ratio. These conditions are not applicable to the Caterpillar engine, since there is no mixture
of air and fuel These conditions were applicable during testing of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke
spark ignition engines.
During the test program, the five engine operating parameters expected to have the
greatest impact on pollutant formation were varied. These parameters were: engine speed
(measured in revolutions per minute or rpm), engine torque (measured in foot-pounds or ft-
lb), injection timing (the location of the cylinder, relative to top dead center, at the time of
fuel injection), intercooler air temperature (measured in degrees Fahrenheit), and jacket water
outlet temperature (also measured in degrees Fahrenheit). Table 3.4 presents engine
parameters that were recorded during each test ran and their percent deviation from the target
values. The target engine operating parameters were met for every run, except for the engine
equivalence ratio. Actual equivalence ratios were less than the target equivalence ratios for
every run, which means that engine excess air was greater than the target for every run.
Table 3.5 presents engine parameters during baseline test points, and the deviation of
the parameters from the nominal engine parameters. The testing was conducted over a period
of three days. During that period the engine did not run continuously, but was shut down
each night. Test accuracy required that the overall engine operation did not change over the
three-day period. The stability of the engine over this period was shown by operating the
engine at the baseline condition for one 5-minute period on the second and third day of
testing. Changes to the baseline parameters would have indicated a change in the overall
operating characteristics of the engine. Distinguishing between emission rate changes
attributable to changes in the independent variables and emission rate changes attributable to
random changes in the performance of the engine would have been impossible.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
3-4
September 2001
-------
TABLE 3.3
TARGET ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS DURING TESTING
Operating
Conditions
Tested:
Speed
(rpm)
Torque
(% of
maximum)
Air/Fuel
Equivalence
Ratio
m
Injection
Timing
(* BTDC)
lntercooler
Air
Temperature
(*F)
Jaeket Water
Temperature
(*F)
Condition 1
H
H
N
S
S
S
Condition 2
H
L
N
S
S
S
Condition 3
L
L
N
s
s
s
Condition 4
L
H
N
s
s
s
Condition 5
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Condition 6
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Condition 7
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Condition 8
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Condition 9
H
H
N
s
L
s
Condition 10
H
H
N
s
H
s
Condition 11
H
H
N
s
S
L
Condition 12
H
H
N
s
s
H
Condition 13
H
n
N
L
s
S
Condition 14
H
H
N
H
s
S
H =1800
L = 1600
B = 100
L»70
N = 0.58
H = 23
S = 21
L = 19
H = 160
S = 150
L = 120
H = 206
S = 196
L = 186
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
3-5
September 2001
-------
TABLE 3.4
SUVIM^YCFII^INEPARAMEIlllS-QflllOTI^JSOSElI
Run ID
Rn1
Hm2
ftn3
nn4
Rn9
mn 10
An 11
Rfi 12
ftm 13
Run 14
PAH1
RAH 2
RAH3
Actual
1800
1790
1600
1600
1800
1800
1799
1799
1800
1800
1800
1799
1600
Engine Speed, rpm
Taget
1800
1800
1600
1600
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1600
%df
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Actual
2884
2019
2019
2884
2882
2835
2885
2884
2887
2886
2884
2018
2019
Engne Torque 1Mb
Target
2880
2016
2016
2880
2880
2880
2880
2880
2880
2880
2880
2016
2016
%dff
0.1%
0.1%
ai%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
02%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
Actual
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
19.0
23.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
injection Turing, °BTDC Target
21,0
21.0
21.0
21.0
210
21.0
21.0
21.0
19.0
23.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
% cfff
0.C%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
00%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Actual
153
151
150
151
140
157
150
151
149
150
159
150
149
Wercooler Air Outlet
Tenperatue, T
Taget
150
150
150
150
140
160
150
150
150
150
140
130
130
%dff
0.4%
0.2%
-0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
-0.5%
-0.1%
0.2%
-0.2%
0.0%
3.2%
3.4%
3.3%
Jacket V\tter
Tenper^ire, T
Actual
195
194
195
195
195
194
185
206
194
194
194
195
195
Taget
196
196
196
196
196
196
186
206
196
196
196
196
196
%cHF
-0.5%
-11%
-0.5%
-0.5%
-0.7%
-0.9%
-0.7%
0.1%
-1.0%
-0.9%
-1.0%
-0.7%
-0.6%
Hasepower, bhp
968
692
615
878
988
989
988
988
989
989
988
691
615
Ecpwlenoe Raflo, ~
0.52
0.49
0.53
as?
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.52
0.51
0.49
0.54
pn-rewluHonspernlnLle "F-degeesFatrenheit
Wb-foot ponds bhp-brake horsepower
"BTDC-degrees before top dead center $ - reciprocal of excess air
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
3-6
September 2001
-------
TABLE 3.5
SUMMARY OF ENGINE PARAMETERS DURING BASELINE RUNS
[Run ID
Base line 1
Baseline 2 t
Actual
1799
18011
Engine Speed, rpm
Target
1800
18001
Delation
-0.05%
0.04%
Actual
2884
2884
Engine Torque, fMb
Target
2880
2880
Deviation
0.14%
0.14%
Actual
21.0
21.0
Injection Timing, "BTDC
Target
21.0
21.0
Delation
0.00%
0.00%
Actual
151
150
Intercooler Air Outlet Temperature,
• Target
150
150
Deviation
0.13%
-0.03%
Actual
194
194
Jacket Water Temperature, °F
Target
196
196
Deviation
-0.30%
-0.30%
Actual
231
230
Oil Temperature, "F
Target
215
215
Deviation
2.37%
2.27%
Actual
29.60
29.60
Air Manifold Pressure, in. Hg
Target
29.60
29.60
Delation
0.01%
0.01%
Actual
0.016
0.0145
Inlet Air Humidity, lb I^O/lb air
Target
0.015
0.0150
Deviation
6.67%
-3.33%
Actual
66.45
66.39
Oil Pressure, psig
Target
67.00
67.00
Delation
-0.82%
•0.91%
Actual
975
973
Exhaust Temperature, *F
Target
1000
1000
Deviation
-1.73%
-1.88%
rpm - revolution* per minute in. Hg - inches of mercury
-------
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Figures 4.1 and 4.2 present schematic drawings of the pre-catalyst exhaust gas piping
and CARB 429 traverse point locations for the Caterpillar 3508 EUI engine. Figures 4.3 and
4.4 present a schematic drawing of the 12 inch (ID) post-catalyst exhaust gas piping and
traverse point locations for the 3508 EUI engine. Sample locations for the testing of this
engine are also shown.
The exhaust piping upstream of the catalyst consisted of an 8-inch internal diameter
(ID) pipe that connected the engine exhaust to the catalyst. The sampling location before the
catalyst consisted of several sets of sampling ports used for isokinetic sampling and
extraction of sample gas for the FTIRS, OEMS and GCMS systems. CARP 429 sampling
before the catalyst was conducted using one 3-inch ID sample port. The sample port was
located 36 inches (4.5 diameters) downstream of the turbo charger exhausts. The port was
located 26 inches (3.25 diameters) upstream of the the nearest disturbance, which was a 90'
bend. The sample port was fitted with a ball valve and high pressure couplings to enable
sample traveres. Sampling was conducted through one port using a three-point sample
matrix, as shown in Figure 4.2. Lack of safe access to the second port precluded a traverse at
this location.
Multiple ports for sample gas extraction were installed on an exhaust header after the
catalyst. The common header was 12 inches in diameter and directed exhaust gases from the
engines tested to the atmosphere. CARB 429 sampling and velocity traverses were
conducted through two 3-inch ID ports. The ports were on perpendicular diameters and
located 81 inches (6.75 diameters) downstream of the nearest flow disturbance, which was a
"tee" union. Exhaust gases from the outlet of the catalyst made a 90* turn into the exhaust
header. The third leg of the tee was disconnected and capped off. The ports were located
225 inches (18.75 diameters) upstream of the nearest flow disturbance, which was a 90° bend
in the header. Velocity and sample traverses were conducted using a 12-point sample matrix,
as shown in Figure 4.4.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
4-1
September 2001
-------
Oxidation Catalyst
Hydraulic Back Pressure Valva
A-Frame
FTIRS Port GC/MS Port Expansion Joint (typ.)
PM Port
I] (1 [] Q,
O
1
T~
8"
Sampling Platform
Caterpillar 3508 EUI
Diesel Engine
T
c
0
1
26
[
O
"i k
• PAH Sampling Location
36'
Dynomometer
Note: Drawing is not to scale
Figure 4.1 Inlet Sample Port Locations for Velocity, CARB 429, FTIRS, CEMS, AND GCMS Sampling
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
4-2
September 2001
-------
Traverse Point
Number
Distance from
Inside wall (inches)
1
2
3
15/16
4
7 1/16
Figure 4.2 Inlet Traverse Point Locations for Velocity and CARB 429 Sampling
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
4-3
September 2001
-------
Expansion
Joint
Hydraulic
Back Pressure
Valve
Oxidation
Catalyst
81 "¦
O
"XT"
t
+N-
o
TJ
t
225"
O
tr
xi cr
t t
FTIRS Port PAH Sampling PMPort GC/MS Port
Ports
Note: Top View
XT
Flow from Engine
Figure 4.3 Outlet Sample Port Locations for Velocity, CARB 429, FTIRS, CEMS and GCMS Sampling
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
4-4
September 2001
-------
A
Traverse Point
Distance from
Number
inside wall (inches)
1
1/2
2
1 3/4
3
3 1/2
4
8 7/16
5
10 1/4
6
11 1/2
Figure 4.4 Outlet Traverse Point Locations for Velocity and CARB 429 Sampling
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EU1
4-5
September 2001
-------
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
This section discusses the various sampling and analysis methods employed by PES,
EMI, EECL, ERG and Sierra Instruments to quantify the HAP emissions before and after the
oxidation catalyst PES selected the sampling and analysis procedures that would provide the
information required during the planning stages of the project. The methods were selected to
provide the required data in the most economical fashion, while providing the quality
required by the Emissions Standards Division (ESD).
PES divided these methods into two categories based upon quality control procedures
employed. Type I methods were typical source test methods, designed by EPA to be
portable, field test procedures. PES and the subcontractors followed QA and calibration
procedures described in 40 CFR 60, Appendix A (or other references as appropriate) for these
methods.
Type II methods were those that used permanently installed instruments housed in a
temperature-controlled environment and operated in the same fashion as continuous monitors
used by industry to show compliance with emission regulations. Because these instruments
are maintained in a laboratory-type environment (the control room at EECL), fewer QA
activities and calibrations adequately show their continuing accuracy. The only significant
change to the quality assurance activities was that fewer instrument calibrations were done to
quantify instrument drift. Historical calibration data for the instruments shows their stable
operation over extended, e.g., 24-hour, periods. Multipoint calibrations were conducted
(including the sampling system bias checks) on these instruments once at the beginning of
each engine test.
Table 5.1 summarizes the parameters measured, the sampling methods, the
classification, and measurement principle. The text that follows presents brief descriptions of
the sampling and analysis procedures used.
5.1 LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT SITES AND SAMPLE/VELOCITY
TRAVERSE POINTS
PES used EPA Method 1, "Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources," to
select the measurement sites for velocity traverses and CARB 429 sampling up and
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TABLE 5.1
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
Parameter
Test Method
QA Category
Measurement
Principle
Sample Point Location
EPA Method 1
Type I
Linear Measurement
Velocity and Volumetric Flow
EPA Method 2
Type I
Differential Pressure
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
EPA Method 3A
Type II
Paramagnetic and
Non-dispersive
Infrared Analyzers
Moisture
EPA Method 4
Type I
Gravimetric
GRI Protocol1
Type I
FTIRS Analyzer
Carbon Balance2
Type I
Stoichiometry
Nitrogen Oxides
EPA Method 7E
Type II
Chemilumineseent
Analyzer
Carbon Monoxide
EPA Method 10
Type II
GFC/NDIR Analyzer
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde,
Acrolein
GRI Protocol
Type II
FTIRS Analyzer
1,3-Butadiene, Hexane,
Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl
benzene, Xylenes, Styrene
Alternate Method 17
Type I
Gas Chromatograph
w/ Mass Spectrometer
Detector
Methane
EPA Method 25A (modified)
Type II
GC-FID Analyzer
Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
EPA Method 25A (modified)
Type II
GC-FID Analyzer
Total Hydrocarbons
EPA Method 25A
Type II
FID Analyzer
Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
CARB 429
Type I
Low Resolution
GCMS
Particulate Matter
ISO 8178-1
Type I
Micro Dilution
1 Gravimetric
1 Measurement of Select Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture Using Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Presented as an Appendix to Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIRS) Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion Engine (GRI-95/0271),
Gas Research Institute, December 1995,
2 Derivation of General Equation for Obtaining Engine Exhaust Emissions on a Mass Basis Using the
"Total Carbon" Method.
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TABLE 5.1 (Concluded)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
Parameter
Test Method
QA Category
Measurement
Principle
Fuel Oil Composition
(Ultimate Analysis)
ASTM D 5291 (C, H, N)
ASTM 4239 (S)
ASTM D1744 (Moisture)
ASTM D482 Ash
Type I
(See Text)
Fuel Oil Metals Analysis
SW-846 3051 (Prep)
SW-846 6010B
SW-846 7000
SW-846 7470A
SW-846-7471A
Type I
(See Text)
downstream of the catalyst. PES used the cyclonic flow check procedure outlined in
Method 1 to evaluate the suitability of the inlet location for isokinetic sampling. The
measurement sites are discussed in Section 4.0.
5.2 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
During the PAH runs, Method 2 was used in direct support of the CARB 429
sampling. The mass flow rates of the PAH compounds and the run-by-ran detection limits
are calculated using the results of these velocity traverses. PES used EPA Method 2,
"Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate (Type S Pitot Tube)" to
determine stack gas velocity during CARB 429 sampling. The test crew used a Type S pitot
tube, constructed according to specifications of Section 2.1 of Method 2 and having a
coefficient (Cp) of 0.84. The pitot tube was connected to an inclined/vertical manometer and
the Ap measured at each traverse point. Stack gas temperature was measured using a Type-K
thermocouple. The average stack gas velocity was calculated from the average of the square
roots of the Ap values, the average stack gas temperature, the stack gas molecular weight, and
the absolute stack pressure. The volumetric flow rate is the product of velocity and the stack
cross-sectional area of the duct at the sampling location. PES conducted a velocity traverse
using the standard pitot tube before each run and adjusted the sampling rate of the CARB 429
train based upon these data. PES employed this approach with the approval of the WAM.
Access to the sampling locations was severely restricted due to the short runs of exhaust
piping and the prolusion of sampling probes required during each sampling run.
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5.3 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
CONTENT
EECL used EPA Method 3A,"Determination of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Concentrations in Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)," to
measure oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gas during testing. EECL's
sample gas extraction and transport system extracted a gas sample from the exhaust gas
stream. The sample was conditioned to remove moisture and entrained particulate matter and
directed the Rosemount NGA-2000 gas analysis system. Oxygen was measured using the
paramagnetic detection principle. Carbon dioxide was measured using a non-dispersive
infrared (NDIR) analyzer. The oxygen and carbon dioxide monitors were calibrated with a
pre-purified zero gas and three upscale gas standards corresponding to approximately 30, 55,
and 85 percent of the instruments' analytical ranges. EECL used only EPA Protocol gas
standards certified by the gas manufacturer. The calibration gases that were used and the
calibration responses of the instruments are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A
schematic diagram of the FTIRS/CEMS sampling and analysis system is presented in
Figure 5.1.
5.4 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS MOISTURE CONTENT
PES and EECL used three methods to determine the moisture concentration in the
exhaust gas before and after the catalyst. Method 4 was used in direct support of the CARB
429 sampling during the PAH runs. During the CEMS/GCMS/FTIRS runs, moisture was
measured using the FTIRS upstream of the catalyst, and by a carbon balance calculation
downstream of the catalyst. During the testing, EECL personnel determined that the
moisture concentrations after the catalyst, as measured by the Nicolet Magna 560 FTIRS
analyzer, were about 6 percent higher that actual. EECL calculated the moisture
concentration after the catalyst using a carbon balance method.
PES used EPA Method 4,"Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases," to
measure the flue gas moisture content during the CARB 429 sampling. The gas sample was
extracted from the exhaust pipe and pulled through an impinger train chilled by an ice bath.
The field technicians weighed the impinger train (including the XAD®-2 sorbent trap) before
and after sampling. PES then calculated the quantity of water collected in the train and the
moisture content of the stack gas.
EECL used methodology described in the document "Measurement of Select
Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture Using Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIRS) Spectroscopy" to measure moisture concentrations upstream of the catalyst
This document is called the GRI Protocol in this report, and is presented as Appendix B of a
report published by the Gas Research Institute: "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIRS) Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion Engine" A sample
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Heated Sample Line
Calibration Gas Cylinders
Heated Sample Line
Exhaust
Flow
Gas
Cyco, Analyzer
NO, Analyzer
NO, Analyzer
Nicolet Magna 560
FTIRS Analyzer
CH^NMHC Analyzer
THC Analyzer
CH./NMHC Analyzer
EECL
Data
Acquisition
System
Miratech
Oxidation
Catalyst
Figure 5.1 Schematic Diagram of EECL FTIRS/CEMS Sampling and Analysis
System
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of the gas was extracted from the exhaust and directed to a Nicolet Rega 7000 FTIRS
analyzer to measure the moisture concentration in the exhaust gas. The gas sample was
filtered to remove entrained particulate matter and transported to the analyzer via a heated
Teflon® sampling line. Further discussion of the FTIRS sampling and analysis method may
be found in the report generated by the EECL and the GRI protocol.
Because the FTIRS analyzer downstream of the catalyst did not measure the moisture
concentration accurately, EECL used a carbon balance method to calculate the moisture
present in the gas stream downstream of the catalyst. The method used is discussed in the
EECL report in Appendix A.
5.5 DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES
EPA Method 7E,"Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Stationary
Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)," determined nitrogen oxide content of the
exhaust gases. These tests also provided the data needed to do the EPA Method 301
validation of the FTIRS for NOx emissions from this source. A gas sample was extracted
from the exhaust gas stream, conditioned to remove moisture, and the nitrogen oxide
concentration determined by an instrumental analyzer. The measurement principle for oxides
of nitrogen is chemiluminescence. The NOx monitor was calibrated with a pre-purified zero
gas, and three upscale gas standards corresponding to approximately 30, 55, and 85 percent
of the instruments analytical ranges. EECL used EPA Protocol gas standards certified by the
gas manufacturer. The calibration gases that were used and the calibration responses of the
instruments are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A schematic diagram of the
FTIRS/CEMS sampling and analysis system is presented in Figure 5,1.
5.6 DETERMINATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE
EPA Method 10, "Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary
Sources," measured the CO concentration of the exhaust gas during the testing. These tests
also provided the data needed to do the EPA Method 301 validation of the FTIRS sampling
and analysis system for CO emissions from this source. A gas sample was extracted from the
exhaust gas stream, conditioned to remove moisture, and the carbon monoxide concentration
determined by an instrumental analyzer. The measurement principle for carbon monoxide is
GFC/NDIR. The CO monitor was calibrated using a pre-purified zero gas and three upscale
gas standards corresponding to approximately 30,55 and 85 percent of the instrument's
analytical range. All gas standards used for calibrations were prepared according to EPA
Protocol and certified by the gas manufacturer. The calibration gases that were used and the
calibration responses of the instruments are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A
schematic diagram of the FTIRS/CEMS sampling and analysis system is presented in
Figure 5.1.
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5.7 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS
EPA Method 25 A, Determination of Total Gaseous Organic Concentration Using a
Flame Ionization Analyzer, determined the total hydrocarbon concentrations at the inlet and
ihe outlet of the catalyst. At the catalyst inlet, EECL used a Thermo Environmental
Instruments (TECO) Model 51 Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer. The analyzer consisted of a
heated compartment to prevent condensation of organic compounds, and a Flame Ionization
Detector (FID) to measure THC concentrations. At the catalyst outlet, EECL used a
Rosemount Analytical NGA-2000 FID Hydrocarbon Analyzer. This analyzer also used an
FID to measure the concentrations of THC in the gas stream. The FID detector consists of a
burner in which a regulated flow of a sample gas passes through a flame sustained by
regulated flows of a fuel gas and air. The hydrocarbon components of the sample stream
ionize in the flame. The positive ions that are produced are collected by an electrode causing
current to flow through a measuring circuit. The ionization current is proportional to the rate
at which carbon atoms enter the burner, and is therefore a measure of the concentration of
hydrocarbons in the sample.
5.8 DETERMINATION OF METHANE AND NON-METHANE
HYDROCARBONS
A modification of EPA Method 25 A, "Determination of Total Gaseous Organic
Concentration Using a Flame Ionization Analyzer," determined the methane and non-
methane concentrations at the inlet and the outlet of the catalyst. Gas samples extracted from
each gas stream were transported to MSA 1030H Methane/Non-Methane Analyzers. These
analyzers are single-purpose gas chromatographs that separate methane from the other
organic compounds in the sample by passing the sample through a separation column. The
methane elutes from the column first and is directed to the flame ionization detector. Then,
the analyzer reverses the flow through the column and the remaining organic compounds are
back flushed to the same detector. The analyzer sums the two fractions to yield the
concentration of total organic compounds. Because this unit is a gas chromatograph, it
cannot measure methane and non-methane concentrations continuously. During testing, each
analyzer determined concentrations once every five minutes. This frequency is sufficient for
testing on RICE because the operating conditions were maintained within close constraints.
Each analyzer was calibrated before each week of testing using methane and propane
calibration standards corresponding to approximately 30,50, and 85 percent of the instrument
span. The calibration gases that were used and the calibration responses of the instruments
are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A schematic diagram of the FTIRS/CEMS
sampling and analysis system is presented in Figure 5.1.
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5.9 DETERMINATION OF GASEOUS ORGANIC HAP USING FTIRS
EECL used two FTIRS systems that met the sampling and analysis requirements set
forth in the GRI Protocol. GRI validated extractive FTIRS systems successfully for an
analysis of emissions from natural gas-fired RICE. The extractive FTIRS continuously
extracts a sample gas from the stack, transports the sample to the FTIRS system, and does
spectral analysis of the sample gas. The computer system analyzes sample gas spectra for
target analytes continuously and archives them for possible later re-analysis. Table 5.2
presents specifications of the FTIRS analyzers.
TABLE 5.2
FTIRS ANALYZER SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter
Pre-catalyst
Post-catalyst
Manufacturer and Type
Nicolet Rega 7000
Nicolet Magna 560
Spectral Resolution
0.5 cm-1
0.5 cm ¦»
Detector Type
MCT-A
MCT-A
Cell Type
4.2 Meter - Fixed Path Length
2.0 Meter - Fixed Path Length
Cell Temperature
185 *C
165 °C
Cell Pressure
600 Torr
600 Torr
Cell Window Material
Zinc Cellinide
KBr
The sampling and measurement system consists of the following components:
• heated probe;
• heated filter;
• heat-traced Teflon® sample line;
• Teflon® coated, heated-head sample pump;
• FTIRS spectrometer; and
• QA/QC apparatus.
EECL validated each sample extraction and analysis system for formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and acrolein before testing. The results of the FTIRS validation are discussed
in Section 6.0. The basic sampling procedure consisted of EECL taking an initial
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interferogram of the stack gas with the FTIRS measurement and analysis system before each
test to describe the sample matrix. This measured the concentrations of moisture and the
target pollutants and allowed for adjustments to the cell pathlength and the spectral analysis
regions if the concentrations differed from expectations. Sample conditioning was not
necessary at the EECL test site.
After QA/QC procedures and initial adjustments were completed for a given test day,
a gas sample was drawn continuously through the heated FTIRS cell while the system
collected spectral data. The FTIRS systems collected data simultaneously with the other
continuous monitors and with the manual train sampling for PAHs during CARB 429 runs.
The spectrometer collected one complete spectrum of the sample, as an interferogram, per
second and averaged interferograms over 1-minute periods. The FTIRS computer converted
these time-integrated interferogram into conventional wave number spectra, analyzed for the
target compounds, and archived the data. Sample collection was 33 minutes in duration,
coinciding with the test runs.
5.10 DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC HAP BY DIRECT INTERFACE GCMS
The sampling and analytical procedures used during this testing program followed
those detailed in EPA Alternate Method 17 "Determination of Gaseous Organic Compounds
by Direct Interface GC/MS". The instrument was calibrated on-site using a 10-ppm
manufacturer's certified compressed gas mixture consisting of nine target analytes (benzene,
toluene, o,m,p-xylenes, styrene, ethyl benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and hexane) in nitrogen
balance. Calibrations were conducted at 10 ppm, 3 ppm, 1 ppm and 100 ppb to provide
enough calibration points for all of the target analytes. The 10 ppm standard was diluted with
VOC free nitrogen using an EMI calibration gas manifold with three mass flow meters. The
mass flow meters were calibrated in the field on the day of use by comparison to a digital
bubble meter with a NIST traceable calibration. Also, an independent 1 ppm standard was
used to verify the calibration validity and calibration gas dilution technique as required by the
method.
Effluent gas samples were withdrawn at a constant flow rate (1.5-liters/minute, dry
basis) from a single point located approximately at the midpoint of the exhaust pipe. The
estimated gas residence time through the sampling system at this flow rate is less than 1
minute. The response time required to equilibrate a step change in sample concentration was
approximately 6 minutes. During this test program, the catalyst inlet and outlet GCMS
measurement systems collected effluent simultaneously from each location for a period not
less than 10 minutes before acquisition by the GCMS instrumentation. A test run consisted
of collection of four 10-minute samples from each location.
Figure 5.2 presents a schematic of the GCMS measurement system(s) used during the
test program. Each sampling system consisted of a heated probe, heated 0.3 micron quartz
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fiber filters, heated-head sample pump, and a heated Teflon® sampling line to transport the
gas to the control units. The control units included flow measurement and flow control
capabilities and Peltier cooled condensers with continuous condensate removal to dry the
sample gas. All of the sample gases were directed through the condensers (i.e., the condenser
bypass was not used) and the condensers were operated at 36-39 *F, This resulted in a
sample moisture content of less than 2%. The control units also included provisions to
ensure that the sample gas at the GCMS inlet probe was at atmospheric pressure so that the
quantity of internal standards co-injected with the sample was unaffected.
Several equipment modifications were made for the test on the Caterpillar engine.
High soot loading was expected at the inlet sampling location. Therefore, two 0.3-micron
quartz fiber filters were installed in series on the sampling system upstream of the catalyst to
prevent breakthrough of the particulate matter and subsequent coating of the internal surfaces
of the measurement system. A single 0.3-micron quartz fiber filter was used in the
downstream of the catalyst. A short length of unheated stainless steel tubing was installed at
the inlet sampling location to cool the exhaust stream from 1100 °F to about 300-400 *F. A
three-way valve with an atmospheric vent was installed at the upstream location sampling
probe because of the elevated static pressure at this sampling location and concerns that this
could adversely affect system calibration checks. The three-way valve was very useful
because it also allowed sampling of ambient air between test runs during the extended
periods required to achieve stable engine operation and during other test delays. Finally, a
cooling system comprised of a fan and metal foil flexible duct was used to convey relatively
cool ambient air from the floor of the engine room to the electronic control sections of the
inlet and outlet sampling system probe boxes. This prevented overheating of electronics and
pump motors caused by the elevated ambient temperatures and infrared radiation at the
sampling locations during the tests.
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Heated Probe 250°F
d
Sample Gas
(1.51pm constant
rate sampling)
o
Mass Flow Meter
Mass Flow Meter
fei
Bypass Control Va
Man /
l'PreSS
Filter
Sample Line Heated to 300°F
Calibration Gas
Probe Box Heated to 250°F
Excess Sample Atmospheric Vent
^ Connection Line
ASO cc/min during GC-MS
system
/ sample acquisition)
Calibration
Calibration
Condenser Bypass
Flow Control
GC-MS
Analyzer
Flow
Meter
Flow
Meter
-I Filter
Tr
~Condensate Drain
Condenser
Flow Control
Condenser
System
Control Box Heated to 125°F
(or at least 5°F above saturation
temperature of sample gas )
Figure 5.2 Schematic of GCMS Sampling and Analysis System
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5.11 DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCL1C AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY
CARB 429
PES used CARB Method 429,"Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
(PAH) Emissions from Stationary Sources," to quantify PAH concentrations and emission
rates before and after the catalyst. Sample run times were 120 minutes in duration. Runs
PAH 1, PAH 2, and PAH 3 were conducted with the engine and test conditions 10,2, and 3,
respectively. Figure 5.3 presents a simplified schematic diagram of the CARB 429 sample
train. The CARB 429 sampling train was modified to enable sampling under difficult test
conditions. At the inlet location a ball valve was placed inclined at the end of the probe. The
valve was used to restrict the static pressure and to ensure that the sampling train was not
over pressurized. The outlet of the ball valve was connected to the inlet of the condenser
with a heated Teflon® sample line. A heated sample line between the sample probe and the
condenser was also used downstream of the catalyst. The sample line was used to facilitate
sample traverses in the horizontal duct.
PES field technicians recovered the CARB Method 429 sample train as described by
CARB Method 429. Method 429 specifies that sample recovery rinses be done with acetone,
hexane, and methylene chloride. PES collected blank samples of reagent grade water,
acetone, hexanc, methylene chloride, unused filters, and XAD®-2 resin cartridges used during
the test program. The sample recovery apparatus consisted of pre-cleaned Teflon® or glass.
Field technicians did three acetone rinses, three hexane rinses, and three methylene chloride
rinses of each sample train component from the nozzle to the front half of the filter. They
also rinsed the back half of the filter holder, the connector, and the condenser three times
with acetone. They soaked the back half of the filter holder, connector, and condenser three
times with acetone, hexane, and methylene chloride, for five minutes each time. PES
provided pre-cleaned amber glass sample bottles with Teflon® seals for the recovery of
solvent rinses.
After sampling and recovery, the CARB 429 sample fractions were stored on ice and
transported by PES personnel from Fort Collins, Colorado, to PES' laboratory facilities in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The sample bottles were examined for breakage and
sample loss. The samples were then transferred by PES personnel to ERG laboratory
facilities in Morrisville, North Carolina, for sample extraction and analysis. ERG extracted
the sample fractions for each PAH sampling run with methylene chloride, then combined the
extracts. The 6 extracts (3 inlet samples and 3 outlet samples) were concentrated to a volume
of about 15 ml using a Kuderna-Danish flask, then evaporated to dryness using a nitrogen
blowdown apparatus. The extracts were each reconstituted with 1 ml hexane before analysis
using a gas chromatograph with a low resolution mass spectrometer.
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Oven
Cyclone (Optional)
— Filter Assembly
J j— Transfer Line
Heated Probe,
S-type Pitot
&Temp Sensor
Condenser
(water cooled)
j)—Thermocouple
Sorbent Module
(water cooled)
Stack
Wall
Ice Water
Check
Valve
S3
¦in
Tamp,
Readout
Pitot
Manometer
Impingersin Ice Bath:
alve
Main
Valve
Orifice
O
Pump
Dry Gas
Meter
Orifice
Manometer
Figure 5.3. Schematic Diagram of CARB 429 PAH Sampling Train
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5.12 DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER
Particulate sampling was conducted simultaneously with the FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS
and CARB 429 testing both upstream and downstream of the catalyst. PM sampling was
conducted by Sierra Instruments using a BG-1 Micro-dilution test stand. Sierra employed
procedures outlined in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Method 8178-1
"Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine - Exhaust Emission Measurement - Part 1: Test-
bed Measurement of Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Emissions
5.13 DETERMINATION OF FUEL OIL COMPOSITION
PES personnel collected one sample of the fuel oil used to fire the engine on each day
of sampling. These samples were analyzed by Galbraith Laboratories, Inc. The sample
analysis consisted of ultimate and proximate analyses and an analysis to measure the
concentrations of the target metals. Table 5.3 summarizes the analytical methods used for
these determinations.
Galbraith Laboratories used methods from the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) to determine the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, moisture, and ash
content of the fuel oil. Galbraith Laboratories also determined the heat content of the fuel oil.
From this information, PES calculated a fuel factor, Fd, and the heating rate of the engine
during each of the test runs.
Galbraith Laboratories used analysis methods published by EPA's Office of Solid
Waste (OSW) to measure the content of the target metals. An aliquot of the fuel oil was acid
digested, and the digestate analyzed to determine metals content
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TABLE 5.3
SUMMARY OF FUEL OIL ANALYSIS METHODS
Parameter
Analysis Method
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
ASTM D5291-96
Sulfur
ASTM D4239
Moisture
ASTM D1744 ,
Ash
ASTMD482
Sample Preparation (Metals)
SW-846 3051
Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Manganese, Nickel,
Selenium
SW-846 601GB
(ICP-AES)3
Mercury
SW-846 7470A (CVAAS)4
SW-846 7471A (CVAAS)
3 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
4 Cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
5-15
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6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
PROCEDURES AND RESULTS
This section summarizes the specific QA/QC procedures that PES, EECL, EMI, and
ERG personnel employed during the performance of this source testing program. PES'
quality assurance program was based upon the procedures and guidelines contained in the
"Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume III,
Stationary Source Specific Methods," EPA/600/R-94/038c, and in the test methods. These
procedures ensure the collection, analysis, and reporting of reliable source test data.
6,1 FTIRS QA/QC PROCEDURES
EECL calibrated the FTIRS instruments before each engine test series and at the
beginning and end of each test day. The calibration procedures employed were consistent
with procedures found in the following documents:
Gas Research Institute Report Number GRI-95/0271 entitled, "Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIRS) Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion
Engine"
This report was prepared for the Gas Research Institute by Radian Corporation.
Included as appendices are two additional documents, which also have relevance in the test
program:
"Measurement of Select Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture
Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIRS) Spectroscopy" - Prepared by Radian
Corporation for the Gas Research Institute.
"Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIRS Measurements to Characterize Various
Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics" - Prepared by Radian Corporation for the Gas
Research Institute.
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6.1.1 FT1RS System Preparation
Both FTIRS sampling systems (before and after the catalyst) were subjected to an
EPA Method 301 validation process for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The
validation process quantified the precision and accuracy of each FTIRS analyzer for these
compounds. Besides the validation program, EECL personnel did the following calibration
procedures before each engine test series.
1. Source Evaluation - Initial source data were acquired to verify concentration
ranges of target compounds and possible interferences. This was completed
before and during the Method 301 validation process for formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and acrolein, and during the test program for moisture.
2. Sample System Leak Check - A leak check was done on the portions of the
system between the sample filter and the pump outlet. A rotameter was connected
to the discharge side of the sample pump. The indicated sample flow rate was
recorded while the sample system was operating at typical temperatures and
pressures (the sample pump pulled a slight vacuum on the suction side). The inlet
was closed off just downstream of the sample probe. A rotameter monitored the
flow rate. A leak rate of 4% or less of the standard sampling rate of 500 ml/min
indicated an acceptable leak check.
3. Analyzer Leak Check - Both FTIRS analyzers were checked to ensure that they
were operating at normal operating temperatures and pressures. The operating
pressures were recorded. The automatic pressure control device was disabled and
the inlet to the FTIRS was closed. The cell was evacuated to 20% or less of the
normal operating pressure. After the cell was evacuated, it was isolated and the
cell pressure was monitored with a dedicated pressure sensor. The leak rate of the
measurement cell must be less than 10 Torr per minute for 1 minute for the
analyzer leak to be considered acceptable.
4. Cell Pathlength Determination - The FTIRS cell pathlengths were to be
determined using the procedure outlined in the Field Procedure Section the
document entitled "Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIRS Measurements to
Characterize Various Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics." Because each FTIRS
was a fixed pathlength unit (i.e., the pathlengths were not adjustable)
measurements of the cell pathlengths were deemed unnecessary. The cell
pathlengths specified by the manufacturer were used in the measurement
algorithms.
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6.1.2 FTIRS Daily Calibrations and OA Procedures
Before each day of testing, EECL personnel calibrated each FTIRS system following
the procedures outlined below.
1. Instrument Stabilization - Each of the following components were checked for
proper operation to ensure the stability of the operation of the FTIRS instruments:
a) Instrument heaters and temperature controllers.
b) Pressure sensors and pressure controllers.
c) Sample system (pump, filters, flow meters, and water knockouts).
2. The FTIRS analyzers were purged with conditioned air for a minimum of
30 minutes before conducting and analysis of the background spectrum. During
periods when the instruments were in stand-by mode (i.e., between sampling runs
or between test days), they were maintained at normal operating temperatures and
purged with conditioned air.
3. Background Spectrum Procedures - Each instrument was allowed to stabilize
while being purged with Ultrahigh Purity (UHP) nitrogen for 10 minutes. The
FTIRS spectra were monitored during this time, until CO and H20 concentrations
reached a steady state. The following procedures were then done:
a) The interferogram signal was checked using signal alignment software.
b) A single beam spectrum was collected and inspected for irregularities.
c) Using the single beam spectrum, the detector was checked for non-linearity,
and corrected if necessary.
d) The instrument alignment procedure was done.
e) A background spectrum consisting of 256 scans was collected.
4. Analyzer Diagnostics — Analyzer diagnostics were done by analyzing a diagnostic
cylinder containing 109 ppm CO. The standard was an EPA Protocol gas. EECL
used CO because it has distinct spectral features that are sensitive to variations in
system operation and performance. The standard was introduced directly into
each instrument, and instrument readings were allowed to stabilize for five
minutes. The accuracy and precision of each instrument were calculated. The
pass/fail criterion for accuracy and precision was 10% of the concentration of the
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-3
September 2001
-------
standard gas. A second diagnostic standard consisting of a blend of C02, CO,
CH4 and N0X was analyzed using the same procedure. Each instrument met the
precision and accuracy requirements. Analyzer diagnostic data are presented in
the report generated by EECL
5. Indicator Check & Sample Integrity Check - An indicator check was done by
analyzing an indicator standard. A 10.66 ppm formaldehyde standard was
introduced directly into each instrument. The instrument readings were allowed
to stabilize and a 5-minute data set was collected. The indicator standard was
then introduced into the sample system at the sample probe, just upstream of the
filter. The instrument readings were allowed to stabilize and a 5-minute set of
data was collected. The accuracy, precision, and recovery were calculated based
on equations in the document entitled "Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIRS
Measurements to Characterize Various Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics",
prepared by Radian International for the Gas Research Institute. The pass/fail
criterion for accuracy, precision, and recovery is 100 ± 10% of the known
standard (recovery shall be 100 ± 10% of the instrument reading when the
indicator gas was introduced directly into the instrument) Each instrument met
these criteria. Indicator check and sample integrity data sheets are included with
the EECL report.
6.1.3 Background Assessment
During data acquisition procedures, the baseline absorbance was continually
monitored. If at any time the baseline spectrum changed by more than 0.1 absorbance units,
the instrument's interferometer was realigned and a new background spectrum collected.
6.1.4 Post Test Checks
Upon completion of the daily test program steps 4 and 5 of the pre-test calibration
procedures were repeated. Both of the FTIRS analyzers met all of the acceptance criteria for
the calibration and QA procedures. Post test calibration data sheets are included in the EECL
report.
6.1.5 FTIRS Validation
Before the initiation of testing of the engine, both FTIRS sampling and analysis
systems were validated for formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. The validation was
conducted by personnel from ERG, using procedures outlined in EPA Method 301 "Field
Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media." The validation
was conducted using a dynamic spiking the sample gas with known concentrations of
formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. The spike gas consisted of a compressed gas
cylinder containing a mixture of acrolein and acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde was added to the
Final Report - Caterpillar 350S EUI
6-4
September 2001
-------
mixture by injecting a stock formalin solution onto a heated block at a fixed rate. The
acrolein/acetaldehyde gas standard was used as a carrier gas for the vaporized formaldehyde.
The three-component mixture was injected into each FTIRS sampling system at a point
upstream of each system's filter. Further discussions of the validation procedures employed
may be found in the report generated by EECL.
6.1.6 FTIRS Detection Limits
Table 6.1 presents the in-stack detection limits for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and
acrolein as reported by CSU EECL. These detection limits have been used to calculate the
run-by-ran mass detection limits for each of the target pollutants.
6.2 CEMS QAJQC PROCEDURES
The following paragraphs describe the CEMS quality assurance procedures that
EECL personnel used during the test program. The calibration and QC frequencies far
exceeded those required for permanently-installed, compliance analyzers, but are less than
those specified for compliance tests by EPA (40 CFR 60, Appendix A). EECL operates their
CEMS in a way that is more similar to permanently-installed analyzers.
6.2.1 Analyzer Calibration Gases
EECL used EPA Protocol calibration gases. The calibration gases were manufactured
by Scott Specialty Gases. For this program, EPA Protocol 1 calibration gases (RATA Class)
were used. Formaldehyde and aeetaldehyde/acrolein standards with concentration ranges
between 5-20 ppm were obtained for FTIRS calibrations. These gases are not available as
EPA Protocol Gases, so EECL specified the highest quality available. Scott supplied
certification sheets, which may be found in the Appendices of EECL's test report.
6.2.2 Response Time Tests
Response time tests were done on each sample system before initiation of the engine
test program. The response time tests were done before the FTIRS validation process for
each sampling system. The response time of the slowest responding analyzer (Questar
Baseline) was determined. Response time tests conducted at the EECL indicated sampling
system response times of 1:10 minutes. This is the time for the Rosemount Oxygen Analyzer
(the slowest responding continuous analyzer) to stabilize to response output of the analyzer.
The Questar Baseline Industries CH4/Non-CH4 analyzers have a minimum cycle time of
4:50 minutes. The overall response time for these analyzers when their cycle is started
1:10 minutes after a sample source change is 5:50 minutes. When the methane/non-methane
analyzer cycle time was initiated at a sample source change, the. overall response time was
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-5
September 2001
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TABLE 6.1
DETECTION LIMITS OF FURS AND CEMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Ron 4
Run 9
Run 101 Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Catalyst Inlet
F™«d*,d. ^®I5%02
T>.2»
0.15
0.25
0.16
0.24
0.14
0.23
0.13
0.25
0.16
0.26
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.23
0.15
0.26
0.16
0.25
0.15
0.27
0.17
0.24
0,16
0,24
0.14
^8.5*02
" 0.78 "
0.49
0.82
0.54
0.79
0.48
0.75'"
0.43
0.82"
0.54
0.88
0.56
0.77
0.49
0.78
0.49
0.87
0.55
0.83
0.52
0.69
0.57
-"TOT
0.53
0.80
0.48
ftCf0Wn ppm\d @ 15% 02
1.1
0.66
1.2
0.77
l.t
0.66
T. 2 "
0.66
' 1.0
0.68
1.2
0.76
1.1
0.69
1.1
0.69
1.2
0.74
1.2
0.73
1.2 "
0.75
1.2
0.78
f-1
0.68
WW Odd. to Nog J^81TO02
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
' 071
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1 "
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
"0.1
0.1
" 0.1
0.1
0,1
0.1
0.1
0.1
CtoxonoxM. SSs.mo*
10
6
"10" ~
6
TO
5
TO" '¦
5
"" 10
6
10
6
" "10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
" TO "
6
10
5
Mettere
ppmvd @ 15% 02
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Non-methane Hydocarbons jJ2^moz
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Tofal Hydrocarbons ^@15%02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0,02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
o.ra
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
Catalyst Outlet
Formaldehyde ^@15%02
0.24
0.38
0.27
0.39
0.25
0.40
0.24
0.37
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.38
0,26
0.38
0.26
TI39
0.27
0.41
0.27
0.3a
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.40
0,26
Acetaldehyde ^@15% 02
1.1
0.76
1.2
0.84
1.2
0.78
1.3
0.76
1.2
0.81
1.2
0.83
1.2
0.81
1.2
0.81
1.2
0.85
1.3
0.86
1.2
0.83
1.2
0.84
13
0.81
ACr0le,n pprmd @ 15% 02
4.1 ~
2.7
'"'"I.J
3.1
4.S
2,9
*6
28
i:r
2,9
4.4 "
3.0
4.3 ~
2.9
4.3
29
4.4
3.0
4.5
ao
4.4
2.9
4.3
3.1
ra
3.0
Nitrogen Oxides (as N02) @ 15% Q2
o.i
0.1
"0.1
0.1
Oil
0.1
0.1
0.1
01
0.1
0.1
0.1
"""0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
"" 0.1
0.1
"0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Carbon Monoxide ppmwi
ppmui @ 15% 02
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
~ 2
1
"2
1
2
1
2
1
,_2
1
Methane ppnw»
ppmvt) @ 15% 02
2
1
2
1
2
1
"I
1
2
1
i
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2"
1
2
1
2
1
"2
1
Norvmethane Hydocarbons ,5% Q2
"0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2"
0.1
0.2 '
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
Total Hydrocarbons j^@15%02
0:04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0,04
0.02
(JIM
0.02
o,w
0.02
0IW™
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
"0.54
0.02
" 0,04
0.02
0104
0.02
0,04
0.02
ppmw - parts per n«on by volume, wet basis
parts per rrtton by volume, dry basts
ppnvd ® 15% 02 - parts per fr*on by volume, dry basis, corrected to 15% oxygen
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 BUI
6-6
September 2001
-------
9:00 minutes. The response time was tested to assure that the analyzers' response was for
exhaust gas entering the sample system from each of the test point conditions.
6.2.3 Analyzer Calibrations
Zero and mid-level span calibration procedures were done on the CO, C02, 02, NOx,
and THC analyzers before each test day. Zero and span drift checks were performed upon
completion of each data point and upon completion of each test day. A zero and mid-level
gas was introduced individually directly to the back of the analyzers before testing for carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, total hydrocarbons, Methane/Non-Methane, and oxides
of nitrogen. The analyzers output response was set to the appropriate levels. Each analyzer's
stable response was recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer.
The voltages for each analyzer were recorded and used in the following formula:
y = mx + b
Where: b = Intercept
m = Slope
x = Analyzer or transducer voltage
y = Engineering Units
After each test point and upon completion of a test day, calibrations were conducted
by reintroducing the zero and span gases directly to the back of the analyzers. The analyzers*
stabilized responses were recorded. No adjustments were made during testing or during the
final calibration check. Initial calibration values and all calibration checks were recorded for
each analyzer during the daily test program.
The before and after calibrations checks were used to determine the zero and span
drift for each test point for the CO, C02, 02, THC, methane/non-methane, and NOx
analyzers. The zero and span drift checks for all test points and all test days were less than
±2.0% of the span value of each analyzer used during the daily test program. The calibration
data sheets are presented in the test report generated by EECL, Table 6.2 presents the types
and frequencies of the analyzer calibrations conducted by EECL.
6.2.4 Analyzer Linearity Check
Analyzer linearity checks were done before beginning the test program. The oxygen,
carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, methane/non-methane, and oxides of nitrogen analyzers
were "zeroed" using either zero grade nitrogen or hydrocarbon free air. The analyzers were
allowed to stabilize, their output was recorded and then spanned using the mid-level
calibration gases. The analyzers were allowed to stabilize a second time and their output was
recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer. The voltage for each
analyzer was recorded and used in the following formula:
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-7
September 2001
-------
TABLE 6.2
TYPES AND FREQUENCIES OF CEMS ANALYZER CALIBRATIONS
Calibration
Type
Gas
Calibration Gas
Concentration (units
of % of span H))
Frequency
Calibrant
Injection
Point
Validation
Criterion
ACE (2>
Oi,COi,CO,
NO,
0 to 0.25,
40 to 60,
80 to 100
Before each
engine test
Directly into
the analyzer
<2% of
analyzer span
for each gas
Methane/Non-
Methane
Hydrocarbons
Oto 0.1,
25 to 35,
45 to 55,
80 to 90
<5% of
respective cal.
gas value
ZSD<»
®2» COj, CO,
NO,
Oto 0.25,
40 to 60 or
80 to 100 «
Before and
after each
test run
Directly into
the analyzer
All errors
<3% of span
Methane/Non-
Methane
Hydrocarbons
25 to 35,
45 to 55
All errors
<3% of span
SSB <4»
NO,
0 to 0.25,
40 to 60 or
80 to 90(S)
Before and
after each
test day
Both directly
into the
analyzer and
into the inlet
of the sample
line
Both errors
<5% of
analyzer span
Methane/Non-
Methane
Hydrocarbons
0 to 0.25,
25 to 35,
45 to 55 or
80 to 90(5)
Before and
after each
test day
U) - The span must be 1.5 to 2.5 the concentration expected for each pollutant
(2) - Analyzer calibration error check
<3> - Zero and span drift check
(4) - Sampling system bias check
(5) - Whichever is closer to the exhaust gas concentration
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-8
September 2001
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y
mx + b
where:
b
Intercept
Slope
Analyzer or transducer voltage
Engineering Units
m
x
y
Using the linear fit, the linear response of the analyzer was calculated. Low-level and
high-level calibration gases were individually introduced to the analyzers. For each
calibration gas, the analyzers were allowed to stabilize and their outputs were recorded. Each
analyzer's linearity was acceptable. The predicted values of a linear curve determined from
the zero and mid-level calibration gas responses agreed with the actual responses of the low-
level and high-level calibration gases within ±2.0% of the analyzer span value. The
methane/non-methane analyzers' linearity was acceptable as the predicted valued agreed with
the actual response of the low-level and high-level calibration gases within ±5.0% of the
actual calibration gas value. This procedure was done for one range setting for each analyzer.
The Linearity Check data sheets are presented the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.5 NO, Converter Check
EECL did N02 converter checks before the test program began, A calibration gas
mixture of known concentration between 240 and 270 ppm nitrogen dioxide (N02) and 160
to 190 ppm nitric oxide (NO) with a balance of nitrogen was used. The calibration gas
mixture was introduced to the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) analyzer until a stable response was
recorded. The converter was considered acceptable if the instrument response indicated a
90 percent or greater N02 to NO conversion. The N02 Converter Check data sheets are
presented in the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.6 Sample Line Leak Cheek
The sample lines were leak-checked before the engine test program. The leak check
procedure was done for both pre-catalyst and post-catalyst sample trains. The procedure was
to close the valve on the inlet to the sample filter found just downstream of the exhaust stack
probe. With the sample pump operating, a vacuum was pulled on the exhaust sample train.
Once the maximum vacuum was reached, the valve on the pressure side of the pump was
closed, thus sealing off the vacuum section of the sampling system. The pump was turned
off and the pressure in the sample system was monitored. The leak test was acceptable as the
vacuum gauge reading dropped by an amount less than 1 inch of mercury over a period of 1
minute. The Sample Line Leak Check data sheets are presented the test report generated by
EECL.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-9
September 2001
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6.2.7 Sample Line Integrity Check
A sample line integrity check was done before and upon completion of each test day.
The analyzers' response was tested by first introducing a mid-level calibration gas directly to
the NOx analyzer. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The
same mid-level calibration gas was then introduced into the analyzer through the sampling
system. The calibration gas was introduced into the sample line at the stack, upstream of the
inlet sample filter. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The
analyzer response values were compared and the percent difference did not to exceed ±5% of
the analyzer span value.
The sample line integrity check was to be done for both the NOx and methane/non-
methane analyzers. Due to time constraints, EECL performed the integrity check for the NOx
analyzers only. The SSB procedure was done for the methane/non-methane analyzers before
and upon completion of the test program. The Sample Line Integrity Check data sheets are
presented in the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.8 Carbon Balance Check
One of the methods used to calculate mass emissions was a carbon balance
calculation developed by Southwest Research Institute specifically for the American Gas
Association. The calculations consist of a theoretical 02 calculation based upon measured
exhaust stack constituents and fuel gas composition. The theoretical exhaust 02 is then
compared to the measured exhaust 02. The percent difference between the actual and
theoretical 02 measurements was within ±5 % of the measured 02 reading. The 02 balance
was done for every 1-minute average and the 3 3-minute averaged valued for each test point.
6.2.10 Fuel Factor Quality Assurance Checks
Besides the CEMS calibration and QC checks, carbon dioxide and oxygen
measurements were validated by calculating the fuel factor, F0, using the following equation;
20.9-%0,
F = 1
0 %CO
The values of F0 at the inlet and the outlet for each sampling run are presented in
Table 6.3. For distillate fuel oil combustion, the value of F„ should be approximately 1.35.
The F0 values were within 10% of the expected F0 for all of the runs conducted. Based upon
these results, the integrity of the CEMS sample stream was not compromised due to leaks in
the sampling system.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-10
September 2001
-------
TABLE 6.3
SUMMARY OF FUEL FACTOR VALUES
Run Number
Inlet F.
Outlet F0
1
1.44
1.36
2
1.45
1.41
3
1.38
1.40
4
1.41
1.41
9
1.35
1.34
10 .
1.36
1.33
11
1.43
1.41
12
1.44
1.41
13
1.45
1.34
14
1.45
1.35
PAH 1
1.36
1.33
PAH 2
1.44
1.41
PAH 3
1.39
1.40
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-11
September 2001
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6.2.11 CEMS Detection Limits
For each of the sample runs, the mass detection limits of the CEMS were presented
previously in Table 6.1. For each run, the detection limit was calculated using analytical
detection limit data supplied by EECL. Table 6.4 summarizes these values.
TABLE 6.4
SUMMARY OF CEMS ANALYTICAL DETECTION LIMITS
Parameter
Inlet Detection
Limit
Outlet Detection
Limit
Oxygen
0.01 % volume
0.01 % volume
Carbon Dioxide
0.25 % volume
0.15 % volume
Nitrogen Oxides
0.1 ppm
0.1 ppm
Carbon Monoxide
10 ppm
2 ppm
Methane
2 ppm
2 ppm
Non-methane Hydrocarbons
2 ppm
0.2 ppm
Total Hydrocarbons
0.04 ppm
0.04 ppm
6.3 GCMS QA/QC PROCEDURES
Each day the GCMS measurement system was tuned according to the criteria
identified in the method, Achieving the criteria for a valid mass spectral tune and achieving
the internal standard relative mass abundances during each GCMS run (see Tables 3 and 4 of
Alternate Method 17) verifies continuing instrument performance and ensures that the
QA/QC criteria of the method are achieved. Achieving the criteria for a valid tune also
allows searches of the NIST Mass Spectral library and verification of compounds that are not
contained in the instrument specific calibration.
Daily system calibrations were conducted to check both the validity of the initial
instrument calibration and the effectiveness of the sampling system to transport the target
analytes to the instrumentation. Daily system calibration checks were conducted at 1 ppm
using the blended mixture of test program analytes. For system calibrations, the gas standard
was directed through the entire sampling system (including the filter). The certified standard
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EU1
6-12
September 2001
-------
used for this procedure was independent from that used to generate the initial calibration. All
target analytes met the method system calibration criteria of 20% except for toluene on
September 1,1999 that was 24%. Immediately following the system continuing calibration,
nitrogen was allowed to flow through both measurement systems and a system blank was
acquired. No analytes were detected in any of the system blank analyses. The results of the
continuing calibration checks are presented in Table 6.5.
Periodic analyte spiking was conducted at 1 ppm on August 31,100 ppb on
September 1, and at multiple concentration levels on September 2 to determine the extent of
the soot adsorption for benzene and toluene. The analyte spike was delivered at a ratio of
exactly 1 part of spike gas to 9 parts of effluent as measured by calibrated mass flowmeters.
The analyte spike mixture was injected into the sampling system immediately upstr^gun of
the particulate filters in both measurement systems so that the combined effect of the effluent
matrix and the diesel soot could be evaluated.
From the analyte spiking procedures conducted on August 31»it was observed that
the soot adsorbed about 60% of these compounds at the 1 ppm concentration level. The
adsorption was fairly consistent with time at this spike level.
Because the 1 ppm analyte spike concentration was about 10 times greater than the
effluent concentration of benzene and toluene, analyte spikes at 100 ppb were conducted on
September 1. The purpose was to document more fully the extent of the adsorption at
applicable concentration levels. Filter changes at the beginning of the day combined with
sampling ambient air between runs minimized the adsorption of the benzene and toluene and
yielded acceptable recoveries at the 100 ppb level after the first few runs. At the end of the
day however, soot build-ups again reduced the analyte spike recoveries to the levels seen the
previous day.
Analyte spiking done on September 2 was conducted at multiple concentration levels.
Recoveries for benzene were within the acceptable 30% tolerance. Toluene recoveries
ranged from 50-60% of the expected values. Table 6.6 presents the results for the analyte
spiking procedures conducted during this test program.
One is tempted to correct actual measurement data based on the results of analyte
spikes. Such corrections may sometimes decrease the accuracy of the data. The following
factors should be considered:
1. Calculation of analyte spike recoveries may be adversely affected due to actual
changes in the underlying native concentrations for compounds present during the
spiking procedure. In these tests, our recovery calculations assume that the
benzene concentration preceding the spike is the same as the native benzene
concentration during the spike. However, the benzene concentration was
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-13
September 2001
-------
TABLE 6.5
SUMMARY OF GCMS CONTINUING CALIBRATIONS
Compound
Expected
Value
(ppm)
August 31,1999
September 1,1999
September 2,1999
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
Catalyst Inlet
1,3-Butadiene
1.03
1.13
9.71
1.00
-2.91
1.00
-2.91
Hexane
1,03
1.02
-0.9?
0.95
-7.77
1.00
-2.91
Benzene
1.04
0.88
-15.4
0.94
-9.62
1.00
-3.85
Toluene
1.01
0.81
-19.8
0.77
-23.8
1.01
0
Ethyl Benzene
1.04
0.91
-12.5
1.01
-2.88
1.01
-2.88
m/p-Xylene
2.06
1.86
-9.71
1.93
-6.31
2.00
-2.91
Styrene
1.04
1.02
-1.92
0,83
-20.2
1.00
-3.85
o-Xylene
1.03
0.91
-11.7
1,01
-1.94
1.00
-2.91
Catalyst Outlet
1,3-Butadiene
1.03
1.00
-2.91
1.09
5.83
1.01
-1.94
Hexane
1.03
1.01
-1.94
1.01
-1.94
1.01
-1.94
Benzene
1.04
1.01
-2.88
1.03
-0.96
1.01
-2.88
Toluene
1.04
1.00
-3.85
1.09
4.81
1.00
-3.85
Ethyl Benzene
1.04
1.01
-2.88
1.10
5.77
1.01
-2.88
m/p-Xylene
2.06
2.02
-1.94
2.14
3.88
2.03
-1.46
Styrene
1.04
1.00
-3.85
1.07
2.88
1.00
-3.85
o-Xylene
1.03
1.00
-2.91
1.03
0
1.00
-2.91
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EU1
6-14
September 2001
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TABLE 6.6
GCMS ANALYTE SPIKE RECOVERIES
Benzene
Toluene
Inlet
Recovery
(%)
Outlet
Recovery
<%)
Inlet
Recovery
<%)
Outlet
Recovery
(%)
August 31,1999 (1 ppm standard)
Run 1
39
88
28
60
Run 14
42
88
30
60
Run 13
42
88
30
60
Run 10
42
88
29
60
Run 9
42
88
29
60
September 1,1999 (100ppb standard)
Run 4
81
104
74
58
Run 11
83
107
26
48
Run 12
83
26
Run 2
57
89
69
48
September 2,1999 (100ppb standard)
Run 3
71
117
54
58
Run 3
76
126
61
48
Run 3
71
120
67
48
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-15
September 2001
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observed to vary significantly among the four samples analyzed for certain test
runs.
2. The analyte spike procedure used equipment that is not part of the method and
thus may have added errors. Calculation of spike recoveries includes
measurement errors associated with the sample flow system (rotameter or mass
flow meter that is normally used only for assuring constant rate sampling) and the
mass flow meter used to monitor the spike rate. Both measurements contribute
some additional uncertainty due to their accuracy and precision. The sample flow
meter is also susceptible to changes in composition and molecular weight of the
sample gas.
3. The 1 ppm analyte spikes were significantly greater than the sample
concentrations and thus may affect the dynamic equilibrium between the benzene
and soot in the exhaust stream.
4. The 100 ppb analyte spikes involve the use of a second calibration standard,
different from the calibration standard used for the fundamental multi-point
calibration. This too, may have introduced another source of uncertainty. (Note:
the tolerance allowed for audit of the calibration curve using the 1 ppm gas is
20%.)
5. Both the unspiked and the spiked concentration measurements are influenced by
noise or imprecision associated with the mass spectrometer measurements
particularly at very low concentration levels. (Note that the tolerance for the daily
continuing calibration checks is 20% and that replicate injections are performed to
minimize the effects of noise in constructing the fundamental calibration curve.)
6. The limitations of the analyte spiking procedure require that the normal
acceptable tolerance be 70% to 130% recovery of a 1 ppm spike. The spike
criterion is less restrictive than the +20% tolerance for the continuing calibration
checks because it reflects the limitations stated above. The spike criterion applied
to a 100 ppb spike becomes very restrictive, (i.e., 30 ppb for a 100 ppb spike
versus 300 ppb for a 1 ppm spike)
6,3.1 GCMS Detection Limits
Tables 6.7 and 6.8 present the GCMS Detection Limits at the pre-catalyst and the
post-catalyst sampling locations. PES used the analytical detection limits supplied by EMI to
calculate the run-by-run mass detection limits.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-16
September 2001
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TABLE 6.1
DETECTION LIMITS OF GCMS COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST INLET
Run ID
Runt
Run2
Run3
Run4
Run9
Run10
Riwi11
Run12
Run13
Run14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
ppmvd
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
No data
1,3-Butadiene
pg/bhp-hr
2000
3000
2000
2000
4000
3000
3000
4000
2000
3000
3000
3000
No data
plb/hr
5000
5000
3000
4000
8000
6000
7000
8000
4000
7000
7000
5000
No data
ppmvd
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
No data
Hexsne
pg/bhp-hr
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
1000
2000
2000
1000
2000
1000
1000
No data
plb/hr
2000
2000
1000
2000
4000
3000
4000
4000
2000
4000
3000
2000
No data
ppmvd
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
No data
Benzene
pg/bhp-hr
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
No data
plb/hr
200
200
100
200
300
200
300
300
200
300
300
200
No data
ppmvd
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
No data
Toluene
pg/bhp-hr
100
100
100
100
200
100
200
200
100
200
200
200
No data
jjlb/hr
200
200
200
200
400
300
400
400
200
400
400
300
No data
ppmvd
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
No data
Ethyl Benzene
pg/bhp-hr
100
200
100
100
200
100
200
200
100
200
200
200
No data
(ilb/hr
300
300
200
200
500
300
400
400
300
400
400
300
No data
ppmvd
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
No data
m/p-Xylene
pg/bhp-hr
300
300
300
200
400
300
400
400
200
400
400
400
No data
plb/hr
600
500
400
4QO
900
700
900
900
500
900
800
600
No data
ppmvd
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
No data
Styrene
pg/bhp-hr
1700
2400
1800
1400
2800
2000
2600
2700
1600
2700
2400
2600
No data
plb/hr
3700
3600
2400
2800
6100
4400
S700
5800
3400
5800
5300
4000
No data
ppmvd
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
No data
o-Xylene
pg/bhp-hr
300
300
300
200
400
300
400
400
200
400
400
400
No data
plb/hr
600
500
400
400
900
700
900
900
500
900
600
600
No data
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-17
September 2001
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TABLE 6.8
DETECTION LIMITS OF GCMS COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST OUTLET
Run ID
Ruitl
Run2
Run3
Run4
Runt
Run10
Run11
Run12
Run13
Run14
PAH 1
PAH 2
PAH 3
ppmvd
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
No data
1,3-Butadiene
MQ/bhp-hr
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
500
500
1000
500
1000
500
1000
No data
Mlb/hr
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
1000
1000
2000
1000
2000
1000
1000
No data
ppmvd
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
No data
Hexane
pg/bhp-hr
500
1000
370
1000
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
No data
p!b/hr
1000
1000
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
No data
ppmvd
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
No data
Benzene
pg/bhp-hr
100
100
100
100
100
100
300
800
100
100
100
100
No data
plb/hr
200
200
100
200
300
200
600
1700
200
300
300
200
No data
ppmvd
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
No data
Toluene
pg/bhp-hr
100
100
100
100
200
100
200
200
100
200
200
200
No data
plb/hr
200
200
200
200
400
300
400
400
200
400
400
300
No data
ppmvd
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
No data
Ethyl Benzene
pg/bhp-hr
100
200
100
100
200
100
200
200
100
200
200
200
No data
plb/hr
300
300
200
200
500
300
400
400
300
400
400
300
No data
ppmvd
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0,03
0,03
0.03
0.03
0.03
No data
m/p-Xylene
pg/btip-hr
300
400
300
200
400
300
400
400
200
400
400
400
No data
Mlb/hr
600
600
400
400
900
700
900
SOO
500
900
800
600
No data
ppmvd
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
No data
jStyrene
pg/bhp-hr
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
No data
pfb/hr
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
No data
ppmvd
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
No data
|o-Xylene
pg/bhp-hr
500
1000
300
200
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
No data
I
plb/hr
1000
1000
400
400
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
No data
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-18
September 2001
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6.4 CARB 429 QA/QC PROCEDURES
The following text describes the QA/QC procedures employed by PES and ERG
during the PAH sampling and analysis.
6.4.1 Calibration of CARB 429 Sampling Apparatus
Because no mechanism exists for an independent measurement of emissions from the
source, careful preparation, checkout, and calibration of the sampling and analysis equipment
is essential to ensure collection of high quality data. PES maintains a comprehensive
schedule for preventive maintenance, calibration, and preparation of the source testing
equipment.
6.4.1.1 Barometers. PES used aneroid barometers calibrated against a station pressure
value reported by a nearby National Weather Service Station and corrected for elevation.
6.4.1.2 Temperature Sensors. The responses of the Type K thermocouples used in the
field testing program were checked using Calibration Procedure 2e as described in the
Quality Assurance Handbook. The response of each temperature sensor was recorded when
immersed in an ice water bath, at ambient temperature, and in a boiling water bath; each
response was checked against an ASTM 3F reference thermometer. Table 6,9 summarizes
the results of the thermocouple checks and the acceptable levels of variance. Digital
temperature readouts were checked for calibration using a thermocouple simulator having a
range of 0-2400 *F.
6.4.1.3 Pitot Tubes. PES used Type S Pitot tubes or Standard Pitot tubes constructed
according to EPA Method 2 specifications. Type S Pitot tubes were calibrated against the
dimensional criteria described in Method 2 using Calibration Procedure 2a as described in the
Quality Assurance Handbook, Volume III, 1994. Type S Pitot tubes meeting these criteria
are assigned a pitot coefficient (Cp) of 0.84. Standard Pitot tubes were checked for
dimensional criteria using Calibration Procedure 2b as described in the Quality Assurance
Handbook, Volume III, 1994. Standard Pitot tubes meeting these criteria were assigned a
pitot coefficient (Cp) of 0.99. Table 6.10 summarizes the results of the pitot tube checks and
the acceptable levels of variance.
6.4.1.4 Differential Pressure Gauges. PES used Dwyer inclined/vertical manometers to
measure differential pressures including: velocity pressure, static pressure, and orifice meter
pressure. PES chose manometers having sufficient sensitivity to measure pressures over the
entire range of expected values accurately. Manometers are primary standards and require no
calibration.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-19
September 2001
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TABLE 6.9
CARS 429 SAMPLE TRAIN
SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR CALIBRATION DATA
Temp.
Sensor
I.D.
Usage
Temperature, *R
Absolute
Difference
%
EPA
Criteria
%
Reference
Sensor
RMB-15
Dry Gas Meter
Inlet
493
534
668
495
534
670
0.41
0
0.30
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
RMB-15
Dry Gas Meter
Outlet
493
534
668
493
535
668
0
0.19
0
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
MB-11
Dry Gas Meter
Inlet
492
534
670
492
534
668
0
0
0.30
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
MB-11
Dry Gas Meter
Outlet
492
534
668
492
534
668
0
0
0
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
SH-1
Impinger Exit
492
536
668
492
536
668
0
0
0
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
SH-5
Impinger Exit
492
531
667
493
531
667
0.20
0
0
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-20
September 2001
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TABLE 6.10
CARB 429 SAMPLE TRAIN
SUMMARY OF PITOT TUBE CALIBRATION DATA
Measurement
EPA Criteria
Pitot HPP-1
Pitot HPP-2
a,
< 10*
0*
0*
«2
< 10*
0*
1*
P,
<5-
0
r
P2
<5*
0
0*
Y
-
1
2
0
-
1
0
A
-
31/32
31/32
W = A tan y
*0.125 in.
0.0160
0.0122
W = A tan 0
s0.0.3125 in.
0.0160
0
D,
0.1875 in. s Dt <;
0.375 in.
3/8
3/8
A/2D,
1.05 & Pa/D, s 1.50
1.29
0.29
Acceptable ?:
YES
YES
Assigned Coefficient:
0.84
0.84
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-21
September 2001
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6.4.1.5 Drv Gas Meter and Orifice. The CARB Method 429 dry gas meters and orifices
were calibrated according to Calibration Procedure 5 in the Quality Assurance Handbook.
This procedure requires direct comparison of the dry gas meter to a reference dry test meter.
PES calibrates its reference dry test meter annually against a wet test meter. Before its initial
use in the field, the metering system was calibrated at several flow rates over the normal
operating range of the metering system. Individual meter calibration factors (y) cannot differ
from the average by more than 0.02, and the results of individual meter orifice factors (AH@)
cannot differ from the average by more than 0.20. After field use, the metering system
calibration was checked at the average flow rate and highest vacuum observed during the test
period. The results of the post-test meter correction factor check cannot differ by more than
5% from the average meter correction factor obtained during the initial, or thereafter, the
annual calibration. Table 6.11 presents the results of the dry gas meter and orifice
calibrations. All dry gas meters and orifices used in this test program met the method
calibration requirements.
TABLE 6.11
CARB 429 SAMPLE TRAIN
SUMMARY OF DRY GAS METER AND ORIFICE CALIBRATION DATA
Meter
Box No.
Dry Gas Meter Correction Factor (y)
Meter Orifice Coefficient (AH^g)
Pre-
test
Post-test
% DifT.
EPA Criteria
Average
Range
EPA
Criteria
MB-10
0.999
0.999
0.0
<5%
1.89
1.83-1.94
1.69-2.09
RMB-15
1.001
0.997
-0.40
<5%
1.87
1.79-1.98
1.67-2.07
6.4.2 Reagents and Glassware Prenaratinn
Before field testing, PES pre-cleaned all sample train glassware following the
procedures in CARB Method 429. Specifically, the glassware was cleaned according to the
following protocol.
1. Wash in hot soapy water with Alconox.
2. Rinse three times with tap water.
3. Rinse three times with reagent (i.e., deionized) water.
4. Soak in 10% (v/v) nitric acid (HN03) solution for a minimum of 4 hours.
5. Rinse three times each with pesticide-grade acetone, hexane, and methylene
chloride, and allow to air dry.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-22
September 2001
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After preparation of the glassware, the openings were sealed with Teflon tape to
prevent contamination, and the glassware wrapped and packed for transport to the EECL.
ERG prepared the XAD-2® sorbent resin traps. ERG then pre-spiked the traps with
surrogates and capped them with glass balls and sockets. Impinger water used was organic-
free, reagent grade. Pesticide-grade acetone, hexane, and methylene chloride were used as
recovery solvents,
6.4.3 On-site Measurements
The on-site QA/QC activities included:
6.4.3.1 Measurement Sites, Before sampling, PES checked the dimensions of the
exhaust duct to assure that the port locations complied with Method 1 criteria. PES
confirmed the distances to upstream and downstream disturbances and test port locations.
PES also measured inside stack dimensions through perpendicular ports to assure uniformity
of the stack cross sectional area. PES measured the inside stack dimensions, stack wall
thickness, and sample port lengths to the nearest 0.1 inch.
6.4.3.2 Velocity Measurements. PES assembled, leveled, zeroed, and leak-checked all
velocity measurement apparatus before and after each sampling run. The stack static
pressure was determined at a single point. PES selected a point of average velocity pressure
found during the pre-test velocity traverse.
6.4.3.3 Moisture. During sampling, the exit gas temperature of the last impinger in each
sampling train was maintained below 68°F to ensure condensation of stack gas water vapor.
The moisture gain in the impinger train due to flue gas moisture was determined
gravimetrically using a digital top-loading electronic balance with a resolution of 0.1 g.
6.4.4 Analytical Quality Assurance
PES and ERG personnel employed several methods to ensure the quality of the PAH
analytical data. These methods included analysis of reagent blanks, a laboratory method
blank, and field blanks. In addition, the XAD-2 sorbent traps were spiked with isotopically
labeled internal standards. The recovery efficiency of the internal standards is used to
evaluate method performance. The results of these QA checks are discussed in the following
paragraphs.
6.4.4.1 Blank Analyses. During the field testing, PES personnel collected blanks of the
GARB 429 sampling train reagents to quantify contamination levels. Field blank trains were
assembled, transported to each sampling site, and leak checked. The field blank trains were
then returned to the PES field laboratory, where they were recovered in the same manner as
the trains used for sampling. The field blank train impingers and connecting glassware were
the same components used during actual sampling. Since the sampling glassware is cleaned
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EU1
6-23
September 2001
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after each run and reused, analysis of field blank trains is used to find out if poor cleanup
technique caused cross-contamination between sampling runs. Per CARB Method 429, PES
did not correct any of the PAH results for blank results. The results of the reagent and field
blank analyses are presented in Table 6.12. The levels of any unlabeled analyte quantified in
the blank train must not exceed 20 percent of the level of that analyte in the sampling train.
6.4.4.2 Internal Standard Recoveries. Table 6,13 presents the recovery efficiencies of
isotopically labeled surrogate compounds. Recovery efficiency gives a measure of the
capture efficiency and the efficiency of the solvent extraction for specific compounds.
Recoveries for each of the internal standards must be greater than 50 percent and less than
150 percent of the known value. This criterion is used to assess method performance.
Because this is an isotope dilution technique, it should be independent of internal standard
recovery. Lower recoveries do not necessarily invalidate the analytical results for PAH, but
they may result in higher detection limits.
6.4.5 CARB 429 Detection Limits
Tables 6.14 and 6.15 present the in-stack detection limits of each PAH compound
before the catalyst and after the catalyst.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-24
September 2001
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TABLE 6.12
SUMMARY OF CARB 429 BLANK RESULTS
Compound
Laboratory
Blank
Result (|ig)
Reagent
Blank
Result
(Hg)1
Inlet Field
Blank
Result (jig)
Outlet
Field Blank
Result (jig)
Naphthalene
ND
0.B47
1.081
0.965
Aeenaphthylene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Aeenaphthene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Fluorene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Phenanthrene
ND
ND
ND
0.029
Anthracene
ND
ND
ND
0.069
Fluoranthene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pyrene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzo(a)anthracene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Chrysene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzo(a)pyrene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
ND
ND
ND
ND
1 pg - microgram
NOTE; The reagent blank value is the sum of separate analyses hexane, acetone, methylene chloride,
and distilled water blank samples.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-25
September 2001
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TABLE 6.13
SUMMARY OF CARB 429 SURROGATE RECOVERIES
Surrogate
Compound
Lab
Blank
(%)
Field Blanks
PAH Run 1
PAH Run 2
PAH Run 3
Inlet
(%)
Outlet
(%)
Inlet
(%)
Outlet
(%)
Inlet
(%)
Outlet
(%)
Inlet
(%)
Outlet
(%)
Naphthalene-d8
68
21
39
67
51
42
52
63
40
Acenaphthylene-d8
119
23
57
93
11
49
10
53
8
Acenaphthene-d 10
100
56
73
66
92
S
80
ND
86
Fluorene-dlO
98
65
78
103
93
69
95
106
89
Phenanthrene-dlO
95
75
81
92
81
56
83
72
79
Anthracene-dlO
140
155
82
80
ND
79
14
89
12
Fluoranthene-d 10
101
76
84
101
83
74
85
95
78
Pyrene-dlO
105
70
84
102
66
76
75
99
67
Benzo(a)anthraeene-dl2
136
45
130
100
44
80
93
102
68
Chrysene-dl2
103
71
82
63
78
47
78
60
66
Benzo(b)fluoranthene-d 12
124
79
113
78
98
60
96
73
66
Benzo(k)fIuoranthene-dl2
123
71
137
82
91
64
97
74
64
Benzo(a)pyrene-dl2
116
0
106
49
ND
52
ND
37
ND
Indeno( 1,2,3-cd)pyrene-d 12
119
44
96
84
62
75
76
80
43
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene-d 14
119
49
103
78
63
72
77
78
46
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene-dl2
111
48
86
67
55
57
59
57
30
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-26
September 2001
-------
TABLE 6.14
DETECTION LIMITS OF PAH COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST INLET
Run ID
PAH 1
PAH 2 I
PAH 3
Average
Date
8/31/99
9/1/99 I
9/2/99
Aeenaphthene
Ijg/bhp-hr
|jlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Acenaphthylene
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Anthracene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Benzo(a)anthracerie
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Benzo(g,h,i)peryterie
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Benzo(a)pyrene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Chryserte
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Fluoraritherie
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Fluorene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene tJ9^1P"hr
(jlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Naphthalene
Mg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Phenanthrene
Mg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.15
0.22
Pyrene
Mg/bhp-hr
0.18
0.13
0.17
0.15
plb/hr
0.40
0.20
0.23
0.22
NOTE: The reported analytical detection limit for each compound was 0.1 MO per run.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-27
September 2001
-------
TABLE 6.15
DETECTION LIMITS OF PAH COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST OUTLET
Run ID
Date
PAH 1
8/31/SS
PAH 2
mm
PAH 3
9/2/99
Average
Acenapthene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Acenaphthylene
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0,11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Anthracene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Benzo(a)anthracene
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Benio(k)fluorarrthene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Benzo(a)pyrene
pg/bhp-hr
Mlb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Chrysene
pg/bhp-hr
0.11
0.17
0.18
0.15
plb/hr
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.25
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0,24
0.15
0.25
Fluoranthene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Fluorene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene M9^hp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Naphthalene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Phenanthrene
pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.25
Pyrene
I ¦¦¦¦¦hhhmmssmsbbbbbbbbsbsssssssssss
pg/bhp-hr
0.11
0.17
0.18
0.15
plb/hr
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.25
NOTE: The reported analytical detection limit for each compound was 0.1 |ig per run.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-28
September 2001
-------
6.5 DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT
EPA used the Data Quality Objective (DQO) Process to plan the test program. The
DQO Process consists of seven distinct steps.
1.
State the problem.
2.
Identify the decision.
3.
Define inputs to the decision.
4.
Define the study boundaries.
5.
Develop the decision rule.
6.
Specify tolerable limits on decision errors
7.
Optimize the design for obtaining data.
The DQO outputs for this test program were presented in the Quality Assurance
Project Plan. The problem was defined in the QAPP and is restated below.
EPA believes that there is a need to conduct emission tests on a subset of engines of
differing designs to evaluate the following issues:
• the effectiveness of after-combustion control systems on HAP emissions, and
* the effectiveness of combustion modifications (engine operating parameters) on
HAP emissions.
EPA then developed a decision statement. The decision statement defined the process
that would be used to answer the stated problem. The decision statement is restated below:
If EPA can identify a range of engine operating conditions for a defined set of
engines with specified after-combustion treatment systems and a list of pollutants of
interest, and EPA collects data to determine emissions of those pollutants for each
engine operated at each engine operating condition, then EPA can make a
determination of the control effectiveness of after-combustion and combustion
modifications. In addition, EPA can obtain information on HAP emissions
throughout the engine operating range.
PES, EECL, and EMI conducted the test program on the Caterpillar 3508 EMI diesel
cycle, oil-fired, 4-stroke, reciprocating internal combustion engine. The Engelhard oxidation
catalyst was designed to provide the information required by the decision statement. Based
upon the inputs, EPA will make decisions that will be used to regulate this engine
subcategory. Inputs to the decision were defined, agreed to, and documented in the QAPP.
These inputs consisted of agreement on a finite list of engines to test, the after-combustion
control systems to test, the range of engine operating conditions, the catalyst conditioning
process, the target list of pollutants, and the sampling and analysis methods, and sample
durations.
Final Report - Cateipillar 3508 EUI
6-29
September 2001
-------
During conduct of the test program, there were deviations from the QAPP.
Deviations to the QAPP have been discussed in Section 3.0 for deviations in engine
operation, and Section 5.0 for deviations in Sampling and Analysis procedures.
Table 6.16 presents a summary of engine and sample method performance compared
to the QAPP requirements. Outlier and data validation issues have been discussed in
previous sections. Based upon the engine and method performance, the data quality is
evaluated on a run-by-ran basis for suitability in the assessment of pollutant emissions and
destruction efficiency of HAP by the catalyst.
Five engine parameters were varied during the test program. The parameters were
changed so that emissions data and HAP destruction efficiency could be evaluated at a
variety of engine operating conditions. These conditions are expected to simulate the range
of engine operating conditions in industry. Table 6.16 identifies the number of engine
parameters that were within the tolerances prescribed in the QAPP, The target engine
operating conditions were estimates based upon manufacturer's recommendations. There are
differences between these recommendations and the nominal engine operating parameters of
the Caterpillar engine located at the EECL. When testing was conducted, some of the
prescribed engine parameters could not be met. The fact that a pre-set engine parameter
could not be met is considered to be minor. The testing was conducted over a range of
engine operating conditions, and these operating conditions are documented.
The remainder of the table assesses data quality using a three-tiered system. A {
-------
TABLE 6.16
SUMMARY OF ENGINE AND METHOD PERFORMANCE
Run ID
1
2
3
4
9
10
11
: 12
13
14
PAH 1
PAH 2
| PAH 3
Engine Parameters Met
5/6
5/6
5/6
m
6/6
5/6
5/6
1 m
6/6
5/8
5/6
m
| 5/6
Catalyst Inlet
FTIR QA Requirements
~ +
~ +
~ +
~ +
~ +
/ +
/ +
/+
/ +
/ +
~ +
/ +
FTIR Detection Limits *
~
~
~
/
~
~
/
~
/
~
~
/
~
CEMS QA Requirements
/ +
~ +
~ +
~ +
~ +
~ +
/ +
~+
/ +
/ +
/ +
/ +
/ +
CEMS Detection Limits *
/
/
/
~
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
GCMS QA Requirements
~ -
/-
S-
~
~ -
~ -
~ -
~ -
~ -
~ -
/-
No Data
GCMS Detection Limits
/ +
/ +
~ +
~ +
/ +
/ +
/ +
~+
~ +
~ +
~ +
/ +
No Data
PAH QA Requirements
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~ -
~ +
S +
PAH Detection Limits
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
/-
~ +
~ +
Catalyst Outlet
FTIR QA Requirements
~
S
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
/
~
~
~
FTIR Detection Limits "
/
/
/
~
~
~
~
~
~
S
~
/
CEMS QA Requirements
/ +
/ +
/ +
~ +
/ +
/ +
/ +
/+
~ +
~ +
~ +
/ +
~ +
CEMS Detection Limits1
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
/
/
/
~
/
GCMS QA Requirements
~
/
/
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~ -
~ +
No Data
GCMS Detection Limits
/ +
~ +
/ +
~ +
~ +
/ +
/ +
/+
~ +
~ +
/ +
/ +
No Data
PAH QA Requirements
/ +
~ +
/ +
PAH Detection Limits
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
~ +
~ +
~ +
Assesemeni of Data Quality
Catalyst Inlet Mass Row
~
~
/
/
~
/
~
~
~
~
~
~
~ +
jcatalyst Outlet Mass Flow
~
~
/
~
~
/
/
~
~
~
~
/ +
/ +
|HAP Destruction Efficiency
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
* Neither FTIRS nor OEMS Selection limits were specified in the QAPP.
Final Report - Caterpillar 3508 EUI
6-31
September 2001
-------
APPENDIX A
SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENGINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION LABORATORY
EMISSIONS TESTING OF CONTROL DEVICES
FOR
RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
IN SUPPORT OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT
BY THE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
PHASE 3: FOUR-STROKE, DIESEL
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
-------
Colorado State university
EMISSIONS TESTING OF CONTROL DEVICES
FOR
RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
IN SUPPORT OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT
BY THE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
PHASE 3: FOUR-STROKE, DIESEL
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Prepared for:
PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Submitted by:
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Colorado State University
May 24,2000
Statement of Confidentiality
This report has been submitted for the sole and exclusive me of Pacific Environmental Services, and shall not be disclosed or provided to
any other entity, corporation, or third part for purposes beyond the specific scope or intent of this document without the express written
consent of Colorado State University.
-------
Colorado State university
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview 1-1
1.2 Background 1-2
2.0 TEST PROGRAM
2.] Objective 2-1
2.2 Incentives 2-1
2.3 Work Plan 2-2
3.0 DEVIATIONS TO TEST PROGRAM
3.1 FTIR Validation 3-1
3.2 FTIR Post Catalyst Water Analysis 3-2
3.3 Baseline Engine Operating Conditions 3-3
3.4 Four-Stroke Engine Test Matrix 3-3
4.0 TEST SAMPLING PROCEDURES
4.1 General Test Procedures 4-1
4.2 Test Specifics-Data Collection 4-1
4.3 Test Specifics-Engine Stability 4-2
4.4 Test Specifics-Data Collection Hardware 4-5
4.5 Test Specifics-Data Collection Process 4-5
4.6 Test Specifics-Emissions Analyzer General Test Procedures 4-6
4.7 Test Specifics-Emissions Analyzer Checks and Calibrations 4-11
4.8 Test Specifics-FTIR Calibration Procedures 4-15
4.9 Test Specifics-FTIR Validation Procedures 4-20
4.10 Test Specifics-General Calibration 4-22
Statement of Confidentiality
This report has been submitted for the sole and exclusive use of Pacific Environmental Services. and shall not be disclosed or provided to
any other entity, corporation, or third part for purposes beyond the specific scope or intent of this document without the express written
consent of Colorado State University.
-------
Colorado State university
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Appendix I
Appendix J
Appendix K
Appendix L
Appendix M
Appendix N
Appendix 0
Appendix P
Appendix Q
Appendix R
Appendix S
Appendix T
Appendix U
Appendix V
APPENDIX
Engine Test Data
Daily Baseline Data Points
Test Point QC Checks
Test Points
Reference Method Analyzers Calibrations
FTIR Calibration
FTIR Validation
Calibration Gas Certification Sheets
Baseline Methane/Non-Methane Analyzer
Pressure and Temperature Calibrations
Equipment Certification Sheets
Dynamometer Calibration
Dynamometer Calibration Procedure
Fuel Analysis
Fuel Analysis Calculations - Fuel Specific F Factor
Computing Air/Fuel Ratio from Exhaust Composition
"Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Exhaust Emission Measurement"
Annubar Flow Calculations
Additional Calculations
Exhaust Piping Schematic
Catalyst Schematic and Information
Diesel Load Cell Calibration
Statement of Confidentiality
This report has been submitted for the sole and exclusive use of Pacific Environmental Services, and shall not be disclosed or provided to
any other entity, corporation, or third part for purposes beyond the specific scope or intent of this document without the express written
consent of Colorado State University,
-------
Colorado State university
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Natural gas fueled and diesel fueled reciprocating engines represent a large portion of the
horsepower in operation within the oil and gas industry and power generation markets. Criteria
pollutants and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) issues are of major concern for both two-stroke and
four-stroke engine operators. Current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and natural gas
industry funded test programs are directed toward evaluating emission levels from existing engines,
determining formation mechanisms for the exhaust gas constituents of interest, and developing new
technologies to reduce the emissions levels of these constituents. The investigation of the application
of commercially available techniques designed to address the HAPs emissions from reciprocating
internal combustion engines (RICEs) will allow the EPA to quantify the effectiveness of current
commercially available control devices. These devices have been identified as having the potential .
to reduce HAPs emissions from stationary RICE sources. Information gained through this program
will assist the EPA in the regulatory development effort.
Accurate information on emission levels from operational facilities is difficult to obtain. Based upon
a recommendation from the Internal Combustion Coordinating Rulemaking Committee (ICCR) to the
EPA, testing is being conducted on industrial class engines at the Industrial Engine Test Facility
operated by Colorado State University. Testing is being conducted on both two-stroke and four-
stroke, natural gas and diesel fueled industrial class engines. The test program for four-stroke, diesel
fueled internal combustion engine has been performed during Phase Three of this test program. The
results of Phase Three testing are contained within this document.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act include provisions that significantly impact the
operation of stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines. Of the ten titles to these
amendments, four have direct bearing. They are as follows:
Title 1 - Attainment of Air Quality Standards
Defines ambient air quality standards, defines non-attainment areas based, imposes
emissions reductions to achieve attainment per specified timeline per reasonably
available control technology (RACT).
Emissions Testing 1-1 Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State university
Title En - Hazardous Air Pollutants
Defines 189 pollutants classified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPS), specifies
thresholds in tons per year (TPY) for any one of these pollutants or a combination of
these compounds, introduces maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for
sources triggering thresholds.
Title V - Operating Permits
, Imposes requirement to obtain federal operating permits for major sources, imposes
requirement to provide annual certification of compliance, defines emissions fees based
on actual emissions.
TitleVII -Enforcement
Establish mechanisms to enhance and strengthen enforcement of CAA, establishes
criminal penalties, gives authority to issue administrative orders (fines / penalties)
without going to federal court for certain violations.
Because of the significant economic and operational impacts of the CAAA and subsequent
rulemakings by the EPA and state agencies, reciprocating internal combustion engine research efforts
are focused on reduction and monitoring of emissions from these sources. Specifically, much of the
work performed to date has focused on the reduction of NO* emissions. These efforts have
developed control strategies for NOx reductions by either altering the combustion process or by
means of exhaust gas aftertreatment. Currently, none of these strategies focus on the formation /
reduction of air toxins.
The EPA in conjunction with the RICE Work Group of the ICCR process has determined that
additional HAPs emissions data is necessary to support the regulatory development process. In a
RICE Emissions Test Plan Document dated November 1997, a five component test plan to acquire
additional HAPs emissions test data was set forth. The five components include the following:
Engines, Fuels, and Emissions Controls to be tested
Matrix of Operating Conditions to be tested
Pollutants to be Measured During Testing
Test Methods to Quantify Emissions
Prioritization
Ten HAPs pollutants are included in the test plan for diesel engines. These compounds are:
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, the BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
xylene), naphthalene, 1-3 butadiene, and naphthalene.
Insight gained through the test program will provide information on the engine operating conditions
that affect the formation / reduction mechanisms of HAPs. The investigation of the application of
Emissions Testing
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
1-2 Pacific Environmental Services
-------
Colorado State university
commercially available techniques designed to address the HAPs emissions from RICEs will allow
the EPA to quantify the effectiveness of current commercially available control devices. These
devices have been identified as having the potential to reduce HAPs emissions from stationary RICE
sources. Information gained through this program will assist the EPA in the regulatory development
effort.
Emissions Testing 1-3 Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State university
2.0 TEST PROGRAM
2.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this program is to evaluate commercially available catalyst technologies which have
been identified as having the potential to control both formaldehyde and other Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPS) as well as existing criteria pollutants from reciprocating internal combustion
engines (RICE). The specific internal combustion engine class tested under the Phase Three test
program was the four-stroke, diesel-fueled, internal combustion engine. The catalyst hardware was
evaluated according to the 16-point test matrix developed by the EPA, and the Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine (RICE) Work Group of the ICCR process. Investigation of catalyst performance
during operation at various engine operating conditions provides insight into the effectiveness of
catalysts at various conditions. The information gained through the test program will assist the EPA
in regulatory development efforts for control of HAPs emissions and criteria pollutants from RICE
sources.
2.2 INCENTIVES
Title ID of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments requires the development of Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (MACT) standards for major sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
emissions. A MACT major source is defined as one that emits greater than 10 tons per year of any
single HAP or 25 tons per year for all HAPs. For most source categories (RICE included), the
MACT standards will require that existing major sources apply HAPs emissions control technologies
that reduce emissions to a level achieved by the best performing existing sources. In some cases,
depending upon the cost of the control technology and the amount and toxicity of the HAPs removed,
more stringent standards may be set. The MACT standards for RICEs are scheduled to be
promulgated by the year 2000.
Of the HAPs listed, the EPA in conjunction with the Internal Combustion Coordinating Rulemaking
Committee (ICCR) have identified compounds which may be present in the exhaust of reciprocating
internal combustion engines. Existing test data from natural gas engines indicates that the only HAP
compound present in the exhaust of RICEs at levels approaching 10 tons per year is formaldehyde.
Currently, commercially available technologies which may have the potential ability toward reducing
HAPs emissions from RICEs are aftertreatment technologies (catalyst).
Commercially available aftertreatment technologies (catalysts) for the control of organic compound
emissions are currently in operation on RICEs. The performance of these technologies for control of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and products of incomplete combustion has been documented.
However, the information on the effectiveness of these technologies for reducing organic HAPs
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
Colorado State university
emissions is very limited. Determining the effectiveness and longevity of exhaust catalysts will aid
the EPA in evaluating current technologies for control of HAPs emissions from RICE sources as well
as providing information in support of regulatory development by the EPA for these sources.
2.3 WORK PLAN
Pacific Environmental Services (PES) serves as the prime contractor responsible for providing
information to the EPA. CSU is a subcontractor to PES. Testing was conducted at the Colorado
State University's Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory. The engine and catalyst type tested is
described in Table 1.
TABLE 1
ENGINE AND CATALYST TYPE
Engine Classification
Four-Stroke, Diesel Fueled
Manufacturer and type
Caterpillar 3508 EU1
Number of Cylinders
8
Bore and Stroke
6.7"X7.5"
Engine Speed
180GRPM
Catalyst Classification
Oxidation Type
Manufacturer
Engelhard
Element Size
12"xl6"x3.5"
j Number of Elements
4
The test matrix as defined, is described in Table 2 with engine baseline conditions shown in Table 3.
Deviations from the described test conditions are detailed in Section 3 of this report. Each test point
consisted of collecting thirty-three minutes of data. The raw data was averaged into thirty-three one-
minute data points. The data points were then averaged to provide the results for the single test
point. The results are presented in tabular form in Appendix A of this report.
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
Colorado State university
TABLE 2
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS DURING TESTING
CATERPILLAR 3508 EUI (DIESEL-FIRED)
US EPA 1CCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to
be Tested:
Speed
(rpm)
Torque
(% of
baseline)
Fuel/Air
Equivalen
ce Ratio
Timing
Intercooler
Air
Temp.
Jacket
Water
Temp.
Run 1
H
H
H
S
S
S
Run 2
H
L
H
S
S
S
Run 3
L
L
N
s
s
s
Run 4
L
H
N
s
s
s
r—» am
Run 5
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Run 6
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Run 7
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Run 8
Operating Condition Not Applicable For This Engine
Run 9
H
H
N
s
L
s
Run 10
H
H
N
s
H
s
Run 11
H
H
N
s
S
L
Run 12
H
H
N
s
S
H
Run 13
H
H
N
L
S
s
Run 14
H
H
N
H
S
s
Run 15
H
H
N
S
S
s
Run 16
H
H
N
s
s
s
L = 1200
H = 1800
L = 70
H = 100
N = 0.58
L = 0.53
H = 0.74
S = 21
L = 19
H = 23
S = 130
L= 120
H = 140
S= 180
L = 155
H = 205
"•"Defined as:
Fuel / Air
Actual
Fuel / AirS!okhhmefric
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TABLE 3
CATERPILLAR 3508 BASELINE CONDITIONS
Engine Operating Parameters
Nominal Value
Acceptable
Range
Designation
Engine Torque
2714 ft-lb.
± 2% of value
Primary
Engine Speed
1500 RPM
± 2% of value
Primary
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet
160°F-210°F
± 5% of value
Primary
Engine Oil Temperature Outlet
160°F to 210°F
±5% of value
Primary
Air Manifold Temperature
186°F
± 5% of value
Primary
Air Manifold Pressure (AMP)
39"Hg above Atm.
+ 5% of value
Primary
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Varies with AMP.
±5% of value
Primary
Ignition Timing
21°BTDC
±5% of value
Primary
Overall AirrFuel Ratio
25:1
± 5% of value
Primary
Met Air Humidity-Absolute
.0015 lb H20/lb Air
± 10% of value
Primary
Engine Fuel Flow
38.8 Gal/Hr, 272
IbJhr
± 5% of value
Primary
Engine Oil Pressure Inlet
59-70 lb.
± 5% of value
Secondary
Inlet Air Flow
1700-1800 SCFM
±5% of value
Secondary
Average Engine Exhaust Temperature
1111°F
± 5% of value
Secondary
Note: Based on Engine Manufacturers Specification Data sheets.
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3.0 DEVIATIONS TO TEST PROGRAM
Testing on the four-stroke, diesel fueled IC engine was conducted between August 31, 1999 and
September 2, 1999. Prior to initiation of the 12 point test matrix, a validation procedure was
performed on the two FTIR analyzers. The analyzers were validated for formaldehyde, acrolein, and
acetaldehyde. Modifications to the baseline engine operating conditions were made prior to the
beginning of the test matrix. The variances from the original test program are described below;
3.1 FTIR VALIDATION
A validation procedure was performed on the two FTDR. analyzers on August 26, 1999, The
validation procedure was conducted in basic accordance with procedures outlined in EPA Method
301-"Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media". Validation
procedures for aldehydes utilized an analyte spiking technique as specified in Method 301.
Validation procedures for NO*, CO, and moisture were not performed. The validation for the criteria
pollutants will use the data collected during the test program to perform the validation procedures.
Comparative sampling to the appropriate EPA reference methods, (Method 7E & 20, Method 10, and
Method 4, respectively), for these compounds was performed by comparing FTIR analyzer data to
reference methods data generated during the test program. Deviations from the described procedures
are as follows:
Analyte Spiking;
The validation for the target aldehyde compounds was carried out by means of dynamic
analyte spiking of the sample gas. The sample stream of the exhaust gas was spiked with all
of the specific analytes simultaneously. This change had no impact on the test procedure or
results.
Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde spike gas was generated by volatilization of a formalin solution prepared
from a stock formalin solution of 37% formaldehyde by weight. The solution was
vaporized by means of a heated vaporization block. The vaporized formalin solution
then mixed with a carrier gas and flowed into the sample exhaust stream. Carrier gas
flow rate was measured by a mass flow meter equipped with readout. The carrier gas
was to be Nitrogen; however, since it was determined to perform the validation process
for all aldehyde compounds simultaneously, the Acetaldehyde/Acrolein blend calibration
gas was used ss s earner gas for the vaporized Formaldehyde. The final emissions
values were not adjusted for the statistical bias.
Acetlyaldehyde/Acrolein
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Aeetlyaldehyde and acrolein spiked samples were generated from a certified gas standard
(Scott Specialty Gases, ±2% analytical accuracy) which contain both analyte species and
a sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) tracer gas. The gas flow rate was measured by a mass flow
meter equipped with readout. The validation of Acctaldehyde/Acrolein was conducted in
conjunction with the Formaldehyde validation. The final emissions values were not
adjusted for the statistical bias.
3.2 FTIR POST CATALYST WATER ANALYSIS
The analytic method on the Nicolet Magna 560 FTIR analyzer gave water measurements that were
excessively high for post-catalyst emissions measurements. The spectra for H20. provided by
Nicolet, on the Magna 560 calculated water content to be approximately 6% higher than actual
exhaust gas concentrations. Carbon balance calculations for each one-minute data point agreed with
the H20 readings from the Rega 7000 FTIR pre-catalyst emissions measurement at all test conditions.
The measurements agreed within ±0.5% to ±1% water content. The carbon balance calculations for
the post catalyst water content agreed with the pre-catalyst measurements within ±0.5% to +1%
water content at all test conditions. The carbon balance calculations are based upon the pre-catalyst
and post-catalyst reference method analyzers. Since the pre-catalyst and post-catalyst measurements
were made with separate analyzers, the variability in the H20 calculation could be caused by
variability in emissions analyzers.
Water content in the exhaust is dependent upon the actual combustion process within the engine's
combustion chambers. Since water is one of the major products of combustion, as the combustion
process varies, so will the water content in the exhaust. Changes in engine operating parameters over
the sixteen-point test matrix caused changes in the products of combustion, water being one of these
products. As the actual combustion process was being modified based on the varying engine
operating conditions at each test point, the water content in the exhaust changed with these
variations.
The changes in the water content were calculated by the carbon balance method and detected by the
FTIR analyzer. Based on the agreement between the pre-catalyst FTIR measurements and the carbon
balance calculation for water content, at every test condition, and between the pre-catalyst and post-
catalyst calculations, the water content from the pre-catalyst FTIR measurements were used to
convert the wet FTIR measurements to dry measurements. As both FTIR analyzers passed the
validation process and passed all QC checks, the variation in water readings from the Nicolet Magna
560 analyzer has no impact on the results of the testing conducted during Phase Three of the overall
test program.
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3.3 BASELINE ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Baseline engine operating conditions as described in the Scope of Work are presented in Table 3 of
this Teport. These conditions were estimates. After running the engines, these values were
found to be inaccurate. Deviations from the Baseline engine operating conditions as presented are
as follows:
TABLE 4
CATERPILLAR 3508 BASELINE CONDITIONS
Engine Operating Parameters
Nominal Value
Acceptable
Range
Designation
Engine Torque
2880 ft-lb.
± 2% of value
Primary
Engine Speed
1800 RPM
± 2% of value
Primary
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet
196°F
± 5% of value
Primary
Engine Oil Temperature Outlet
215°F
± 5% of value
Primary
Air Manifold Temperature
150°F
± 5% of value
Primary
Air Manifold Pressure (AMP)
5"Hg above Atm.
± 5% of value
Primary
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Varies with AMP.
±5% of value
Primary
Injection Timing
21°BTDC
± 5% of value
Primary
Overall Air Fuel Ratio
30:1
±5% of value
Primary
Inlet Air Humidity-Absolute
,0151b HjO/lb Air
±10% of value
Primary
Engine Fuel Flow
42 Gal/Hr, 310 IbVhr
± 5% of value
Primary
Engine Oil Pressure Inlet
67 PSI
± 5% of value
Secondary
Inlet Air Flow
2150 SCFM
±5% of value
Secondary
Average Engine Exhaust Temperature
1000°F
± 5% of value
Secondary
Humidity Ratio:
The baseline humidity ratio was stated as 0.0015-lb. H20/lb. air. This is a misprint.
Documentation should be corrected to show 0.015-lb. H20/lb. air as baseline humidity ratio.
3.4 TWO-STROKE ENGINE TEST MATRIX
The four-stroke engine sixteen point test matrix and associated engine operating conditions as
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described in the Scope of Work are presented in Table 2 of this report. During testing discrepancies
between the CSU "Scope of Work" and the QAPP in relation to engine operating conditions were
identified. The QAPP referenced engine-operating data in relation to field engines originally
proposed in the ICCR process and not the engines at Colorado State University. Deviations from the
engine operating conditions described in the sixteen-point test matrix are referenced to the CSU
"Scope of Work". Deviations from the described engine operating conditions are as follows;
Global Deviation in Engine Operating Conditions
Speed:
The baseline speed condition was changed to 1800 rpm as indicated. This value was used for
the high speed points. The value used for the low speed points was 1600 rpm.
Intercooler Air Temperature:
Following the changes to the baseline conditions, higher temperatures were found to be more
adequate. As a result, the test point values were increased to S = 150°, L = 140°, and H =
I60°F.
Jacket Water Temperature:
Following the changes to the baseline conditions, higher temperatures were found to be more
adequate. As a result, the test point values were increased to S = 196°, L = 186°, and H =
206°F.
Test Point Specific Variances
Only deviations, which were not previously described in the "Global Deviation" section, will
be described.
Test Point 1, Test Point 9, Test Point 10, Test Point 13, and Test Point 14:
During these points, the Heated GC / FID monitors were being repaired. CSU, PES, and
EPA agreed to continue the testing without the monitors.
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4.0 TEST SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Industrial Engine Test Facility
Colorado State University
The Industrial Engine Test Facility was installed at the Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
to facilitate research on environmental and technological issues related to industrial class
engines.
4.1 GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES
Procedures have been established to ensure accurate and repeatable results. Testing criteria
established for the test facility ensures that the data collected has a high degree of accuracy and
can be repeated if warranted. However, since the Industrial Engine Test Facility was designed to
allow for several different industrial engine types to be tested in a laboratory environment,
testing procedures differ somewhat from field test procedures and are unique to this facility. The
sampling procedure and calibration procedures are described under their respective sections of
the TEST SPECIFICS portion of this report.
4.2 TEST SPECIFICS -DATA COLLECTION
The data collection process has been standardized to afford accurate and repeatable results
throughout a test program. The high degree of accuracy which can be obtained at the Industrial
Engine Test Facility is due to the sophisticated level of instrumentation utilized at the facility.
To ensure accurate and repeatable results, a specific outline of the data collection process has
been developed for the Industrial Engine Test Facility.
A standard data point collected at the EECL consists of engine operating data being gathered
over either a three-minute or five-minute period and averaged. It has been determined, based on
previous tests, that 3-5 minutes provides an acceptable time period required for an appropriate
data set to be collected and an average for each parameter calculated.
For the work conducted under this test program, a test point consisted of a series of data points
taken in succession and averaged. The data was gathered in 1-minute averages over a 3 3-minute
test period. Using a data set consisting of thirty-three, one-minute data points would highlight
any large fluctuations in load and other parameters that would have a significant effect on
emissions data. No fluctuations in data occurred during any test points. This demonstrated that
the engine was operating at a steady condition and the data recorded in the individual data points
was repeatable.
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Table 5 provides information on the nominal number of samples collected under each data point /
test run scenario for the LBET.
TABLE 5
SAMPLING SPECIFICATIONS
Measured
Parameters
Number of Samples Collected
1 Minute
Data Point
30 Minute
Test Run
Engine
Operation
30-60
900- 1800
Emissions
CEMS
30-60
900- 1800
Emissions
FTIR
45-50
1350-1500
4.3 TEST SPECIFICS - ENGINE STABILITY
For data taken during testing to be reliable, the engine was operated in a state of equilibrium at
each test point. The engine control system allowed for engine operation data to be monitored so
that engine stability could be easily recognized. The stability of each specific engine's operation
was not only determined on a point-by-point basis, but also on a daily basis. Since combustion
parameters for each engine type will vary, engine-operating parameters were used to determine
engine stability. Procedures used for determining acceptable engine stability are as follows;
Engine Stability: Engine Start Up Procedures
Prior to the beginning of data collection each day, the engine was warmed up until thermal
equilibrium state was achieved. This was nominally determined when the engine coolant water
systems and lubricating oil reached a steady state temperature. Once steady state operation was
achieved, a daily "baseline" data point was gathered. The length of time required to obtain
steady state operation was highly dependent upon the ambient temperature and the temperature
of the engine when started. Due to the dependence on these factors, there was no pre-detemnined
warm-up time.
Engine Stability; Daily Baseline Data Point
The Scope of Work for the project required that a specified number of test points be collected on
the engine. The data collection process encompassed multiple days of testing. To ensure that the
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engine was operating in a similar manner on each test day, a set of engine baseline data was
collected. An initial set of engine baseline data (one five-minute data point) was collected prior
to the first data point. On the ensuing test days, baseline data points were collected to verify the
data collection for that day. The primary engine operating parameters of the data point must
compare within a specified acceptable range of the values of the primary engine operating
parameters on the original "baseline" data set for engine stability and to the baseline operating
conditions specified in Table 4, If primary engine operating parameters did not compare to
within the predetermined range, corrective measures were taken to isolate and correct the cause
of the unacceptable values for the primary engine operating parameters. Both CSU and PES
representatives initialized the daily "baseline" data set. All baseline data points were acceptable
during the test program. The primary/secondary engine operating parameters, acceptable ranges,
and their nominal values for a "baseline" data set are presented in Table 3.
Engine Stability: Pre-Data Point Test Procedures
Prior to initiating a test run, a pre-test run data point was gathered. The data point was five-
minutes in length. For each pre-test run data point, the average value, minimum value, maximum
value, and standard deviation were obtained for all engine operation and emissions parameters.
Primary engine operating parameters specified at a test condition must agree with the test
condition value within +/- 2% to +/-10% of the requested value dependent upon the engine
parameter. The relative standard deviations of the primary operating variables were below 1.0%
for engine operating parameters and below 3.0% for the engine emissions parameters. The
primary engine operating parameters and their nominal values for a "pre-test run" data point are
presented below in Table 6.
If primary engine operating parameters did not agree with the requested test condition values
within the predetermined range, corrective measures was taken to isolate and correct the cause of
the unacceptable values for the primary engine operating parameters. All pre-test run data points
were acceptable for the test program. Both CSU and PES representatives initialized each "pre-
test run" data point.
Engine Stability: Test Run Stability
A test run consisted of a set of one-minute averaged data points taken consecutively over a 33-
minute time period. For each data point, the average value for each primary engine operating
parameter must compare to within the acceptable range of the specified target value at the test
condition for engine stability and the data collection process to be valid for the specific test
condition. If primary engine operating parameters did not compare to within the predetermined
range, the data point was invalid, and corrective measures were taken to isolate and correct the
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cause of the unacceptable values for the primary engine operating parameters.
Engine stability was maintained throughout the data collection process for each test run. The
relative standard deviation of the primary operating variables was below 1.0% for engine
operating parameters and below 3.0% for the engine emissions parameters at each data point.
Both CSU and PES representatives initialized each data point of a test run. The tabular format of
the primary engine operating parameters, designation, and the acceptance criteria is presented in
Table 6:
TABLE 6
TEST POINT - ENGINE STABILITY
Engine Operating Parameters
Acceptable Range
Standard Deviation
Designation
Engine Torque
± 2% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Engine Speed
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Engine Oil Temperature Outlet
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Air Manifold Temperature
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Air Manifold Pressure
± 5% of value
<1.0
Primary
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
±5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Ignition Timing
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Overall Air/Fuel Ratio
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Inlet Air Humidity-Absolute
± 10% of value
<1.0
Primary
Engine Fuel Flow SCFH / GalVHr.
± 5% of value
< 1.0
Primary
Engine Oil Pressure Inlet
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
Inlet Air Flow
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
Average Engine Exhaust Temperature
± 5% of value
<3,0
Secondary
NOx Emissions (PPM)
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
CO Emissions (PPM)
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
THC Emissions (PPM)
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
C02 (%)
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
02 (%)
± 5% of value
<3.0
Secondary
Exhaust Air Flow
± 5% of value
ss 3.0
Secondary
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4.4 TEST SPECIFICS - DATA COLLECTION HARDWARE
The design of the test facility provides a platform for accurate and versatile performance and
emission research on industrial engines. Control and measurement systems installed on the
Industrial Engine Test-Beds are as follows:
Caterpillar 3508 EUI: Four-Stroke, Diesel Fueled
Engine Control, Monitoring, and Data 1 Bristol Bradley - Rockwell Industrial
Acquisition: [ Control and Monitoring System
Emission Analysis Systems:
Pre Catalyst Emissions
Rosemount NGA-2000 Five Gas
Analyzer Rack for NOx, CO, C02) 02, &
THC
Nicolet Rega 7000 Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer for
aldehydes and speciated hydrocarbons
Emission Analysis Systems:
Post Catalyst Emissions
Five Gas Analyzer Rack:
TECO NOx, CO, & THC
Servomex C02 & 02
Nicolet Magna 560 Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer for
aldehydes and speciated hydrocarbons
Particulate sampling and dilution system
Sierra BG-1 Micro-Dilution Test Stand
Particulate weighing
Mettler Toledo AG425 Precision Digital
Scale.
Resolution*. .01 mg to 41g, .1 mgtO 210g
4.5 TEST SPECIFICS - DATA COLLECTION PROCESS
The data collection process consisted of acquiring information from the various control and
monitoring systems. The engine control and monitoring system (ECMS) collected all engine
operating and emissions parameters (criteria pollutants only). All engine operating parameters
were direct measurements of the ECMS, while emissions parameters (criteria pollutants) were
passed by communication link from a computer dedicated to emissions hardware control and
monitoring. All emissions parameters measured with an FTIR were collected and stored on a
computer dedicated to individual FTIR operation.
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After engine stability had been confirmed, the data collection process for a test run condition
commenced. The data collection process was performed as follows:
Data Collection Process;
1.) Verification of engine stability confirmed, accepted, and initialized by PES
and CSU representatives.
2.) Proper file names are assigned to all data acquisition hardware.
3.) Commence acquisition of data point for specified test condition
4.) At completion of data point, electronic files are saved and hard copies are
printed out.
5.) PES and CSU representatives initialize hard copies verifying acceptable data
point.
6.) Move engine operation to next test condition.
4.6 TEST SPECIFICS - EMISSION ANALYZER GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES
Introduction
The following general test procedures and calibration checks guaranteed the integrity of our
sampling system and the accuracy of our data. The testing was conducted in basic accordance
with approved Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test methods as described in the Code of
Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A.
General Procedure
Exhaust oxygen and oxides of nitrogen concentrations from the engine were determined in basic
compliance with EPA Method 20, "Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, and
Diluent Emissions From Stationary Gas Turbines" and EPA Method 7E, "Determination of
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions From Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)". The
sampling procedure for CO concentrations was based on EPA Method 10, "Determination of
Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary Sources." EPA Method 25A, "Determination of
Total Gaseous Organic Concentration Using a Flame Ionization Analyzer" was the sample
procedure used to determine THC emission concentrations. A modified EPA Method 18A was
used for the sampling procedures for Methane/Non-Methane Analysis. The method for
calculating mass emissions levels was based upon an EPA Method 19 "Determination of Sulfur
Dioxide Removal Efficiency and Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, and nitrogen Oxides
Emission Rates" calculation. Mass based emissions were evaluated using EPA Method 19 (F-
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factor technique). Calibration and test procedures are detailed under their respective sections of
the TEST SPECIFICS portion of this report.
Sampling System
Dedicated analyzers were used to determine the NOx, CO, THC, CO2, and O2 emissions level on
a dry basis for both pre and post catalyst emissions. Dedicated analyzers were used to determine
the Methane/Non-Methane emissions on a wet basis for both pre and post catalyst emissions.
FUR analyzers were used to determine aldehyde emissions on a wet basis for both pre and post
catalyst emissions. Refer to Table 8 for the analyzers and the methods of analysis.
Exhaust gas was extracted from the engine exhaust system through a 3/8" stainless steel multi-
point probe. Sample points were located in accordance with procedures described in EPA
Method 1. Exhaust gas then passed through a heated 3-way sample valve and glass wool filter
assembly. The sample was transported via heat-traced Teflon sample lines and a heated sample
distribution manifold. Sample for the "dry" gas analyzers then passed through a 4-pass minimum
contact condenser specifically designed to dry the sample. The "dry" sample then entered a
stainless steel sample pump. The discharge of the pump passed through 3/8" Teflon tubing to a
Balston Microfibre coalescing filter, moisture sensor, and then to the sample manifold. The
sample manifold was maintained at a constant pressure by means of a pressure bypass regulator.
A flowmeter, placed in line at the exhaust of each analyzer, monitored exact sample flows.
Heated sample flow for all "wet" measurement analyzers will be provided by means of a heated
sample distribution manifold prior to sample gas entering the "dry" gas analyzer platform. Each
heated analyzer had a dedicated sample pump and heat traced line from the main sample train to
the analyzer.
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TABLE 7
CURRENT INSTRUMENTATION
Post Catalyst Emissions
Manufacturer and Model
Parameters
Detection Principle
Range
Rosemount NGA-2000
CLD Analyzer
NOorNOx
Thermal reduction of N02 to
NO. Chemiluminescent
reaction NO with 03.
Variable to
10000 PPM
Rosemount NGA-2000
NDIR Analyzer
CO
NDIR with Gas Filter
Correlation
Variable to 2000
PPM
Rosemount NGA-2000
NDIR Analyzer
o
u
NDIR
Variable to 20%
Rosemount NGA-2000
FID Analyzer
THC
Flame Ionization
Variable to
10000 PPM 1
Rosemount NGA-2000
PMD Analyzer
o2
Paramagnetic
Variable to
100%
Questar Baseline 1030H
Heated GC / FID
CR,
Non-CHU
Gas Chromatograph
Flame Ionization
Variable to
5000 PPM
Nicolet Magna 560
Multiple
See Attached
FTIR analysis utilizing a
Medium range IR source.
Variable
Sierra BG-1 Micro-
Dilution Test Stand
Gas extraction
through
particulate
filter
Mass-flowrate based
extraction: constant
temperature dilution
Variable
Mettler Toledo AG425
Precision Digital Scale
Particulate
filter mass
Precision strain measurement
.01 mg to 41 g
.1 mg tO 210g
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TABLE 7 (continued)
CURRENT INSTRUMENTATION
Pre Catalyst Emissions
Manufacturer and Model
Parameters
Detection Principle
Range
TECO Model 42H
CLD Analyzer
NO or NO,
Thermal reduction of N02 to
NO. Chemiluminescent
reaction NO with 03,
Variable to
5000 PPM
TECO Model 48H
NDIR Analyzer
CO
NDIR with Gas Filter
Correlation
Variable to
20000 PPM
Servomex NDIR Analyzer
C02
NDIR
0-25%
TECO Model 51
FID Analyzer
THC
Flame Ionization
Variable to
10000 PPM
Servomex
PMD Analyzer
o2
Paramagnetic
0-5%
0-25%
Questar Baseline 1030H
Heated GC/ FID
CH<
Non-CR,
Gas Chromatograph
Flame Ionization
Variable to
50000 PPM
Nieolet Rega-7000
Multiple
See Attached
FTIR analysis utilizing a
Medium range ER source.
Variable
Sierra BG-1 Micro-
Dilution Test Stand
Gas extraction
through
particulate
filter
Mass-flowrate based
extraction: constant
temperature dilution
Variable
Mettler Toledo AG425
Precision Digital Scale
Particulate
filter mass
Precision strain measurement
.01 mg to 41g
.1 mg tO 210g 1
4-9
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TABLE 8
COMPONENTS MEASURED BY N1COLET FTIR
Component Formula
Component Name
H20
Water
CO
Carbon Monoxide
C02
Carbon Dioxide
NO
Nitric Oxide
N02
Nitrogen Dioxide
n2o
Nitrous Oxide
nh3
Ammonia
NOx
Oxides of Nitrogen
ch4
Methane
c2h2
Acetylene
c2h4
Ethylene
c2h6
Ethane
c3h6
Propene
H2CO
Formaldehyde
ch3oh
Methanol
QHg
Propane
I-C4HI0
Iso-Butylene
N-C4Hi0
Normal-Butane
ch3cho
Acetaldehyde
S02
Sulfur Dioxide
THC
Total Hydrocarbons
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4.7 TEST SPECIFICS - EMISSION ANALYZERS CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS
The following instrument checks and calibrations guaranteed the integrity of our sampling
system and the accuracy of our data.
Analyzer Calibration Gases
Standard calibration gases used at the facility are Scott Specialty Gases EPA Protocol Gas
Standard calibration gases with a ±1.0% or ±2.0% accuracy. For this program, EPA Protocol 1
calibration gases (RATA Class) were used. Manufacturer supplied certification sheets were
available during the testing procedure and copies of the current inventory of gases, which were
used for calibration and integrity checks on the reference method and FTIR. analyzers, are
provided within this document.
EPA Protocol 1 gases (Rata Class) were used to calibrate the reference method analyzers and
FTIR analyzers. Formaldehyde standards with a concentration range between 5-10 PPM were
obtained. Acetylaldehyde/acrolein standards were also acquired. Any calibration standards
which were not EPA Protocol 1 gases, were the highest quality standard available.
Analyzer Specifications
Vendor instrument data concerning interference response and analyzer specifications were
available during the test program. Information supplied by the manufacturer on the factory
specification sheets will be furnished if requested.
Response Time Tests (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
Response time tests were performed on each sample system. The response time tests were
performed prior to the FTIR validation process for each sampling system. The response time of
the slowest responding analyzer (Questar Baseline) was determined. Response time tests
conducted at the EECL indicated sampling system response times of 1:15 minutes. This is the
time for the Rosemount Oxygen Analyzer (slowest responding analyzer which continuously
monitors) to stabilize to response output of the analyzer. The Questar Baseline Industries
CIVNon-CH4 analyzers have a minimum cycle time of 4:50 minutes. The overall response time
for these analyzers when their cycle is started 1:15 minutes after a sample source change is 5:55
minutes. When the CH4/Non-CH4 analyzer cycle time was initiated at a sample source change,
the overall response time is 9:05 minutes. The response time was tested to assure that the
analyzers' response was for exhaust gas entering the sample system from each of the test point
conditions.
Calibration (Daily)
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Zero and mid-level span calibration procedures were performed on the reference method analyzer
prior to each test day. Zero and span drift checks were performed upon completion of each data
point and upon completion of each test day. This procedure is referenced as ZSD (zero and span
drift check) in the CSU "Scope of Work". A zero and a mid-level gas was introduced
individually directly to the back of the analyzers before testing for carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, oxygen, total hydrocarbons, Methane/Non-Methane, and oxides of nitrogen. The
analyzers' output response was set to the appropriate levels. Each analyzer's stable response was
recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer. The voltage for each
analyzer were recorded and used in the following formula:
Y = MX + B
Where; B = Intercept
M= Slope
X = Analyzer or transducer voltage
Y~ Engineering Units
After each test point and upon completion of a test day, calibration checks were conducted by re-
introducing the zero and span gases directly to the back of the analyzers. The analyzers'
stabilized responses were recorded. No adjustments were made during testing or during the final
calibration check. Initial calibration values and all calibration checks were recorded for each
analyzer during the daily test program.
The before and after calibrations checks were used to determine a zero and span drift for each
test point for the CO, C02, 02, THC, CH4/Non-CH4, and NOx analyzers. The zero and span
drift checks for each test point and each test day were less than ±2.0% of the span value (specific
range setting) of each analyzer used during the daily test program. The calibration data sheets
are presented in Appendix E of this document.
Linearity Check (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
Prior to initiation of the test program, analyzer linearity checks were performed. This procedure
is referenced as ACE (analyzer calibration error check) in the CSU "Scope of Work". The
oxygen, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, methane/non-methane and oxides of nitrogen
analyzers were "zeroed" using either zero grade nitrogen, or hydrocarbon free air. The analyzers
were allowed stabilize and their output recorded. The analyzers were then "spanned" using the
mid-level calibration gases. The analyzers were allowed to stabilize, and their output recorded.
From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer. The voltage for each analyzer were
recorded and used in the following formula:
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Y = MX + B
Where: B = Intercept
M = Slope
X-Analyzer or transducer voltage
Y = Engineering Units
Using the linear fit, the linear response of the analyzer was calculated. Low level and high level
calibration gases were individually introduced to the analyzers. For each calibration gas, the
analyzers were allowed to stabilize and their outputs were recorded. Each analyzers' linearity
was acceptable if the predicted values of a linear curve determined from the zero and mid-level
calibration gas responses agreed with the actual responses of the low level and high level
calibration gases within ±2.0% of the analyzer span value. The methane/non-methane analyzers'
linearity was acceptable as the predicted values agreed with the actual response of the low level
and high level calibration gases within ±5.0% of the actual calibration gas value. This procedure
was performed for one range setting for each analyzer. The Linearity Check data sheets are
presented in Appendix E of this document.
N02 Converter Check (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
Prior to initiation of the test program, N02 converter checks were performed. A calibration gas
mixture of known concentrations between 240 and 270 PPM nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 160 to
190 PPM nitric oxide (NO) with a balance of nitrogen was used. The calibration gas mixture
was be introduced to the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) analyzer until a stable response was recorded.
The converter is considered acceptable if the instrument response indicated a 90 percent or
greater NO2 to NO conversion. The NO2 Converter Check data sheets are presented in Appendix
E of this document.
Sample Line Leak Check (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
The sample lines were leak checked before the engine test program. The leak check procedure
was performed for both pre-eatalyst and post-catalyst sample trains. The procedure involved
closing the valve on the inlet to the sample filter located just downstream of the exhaust stack
probe. With the sample pump operating, a vacuum was pulled on the exhaust sample train. Once
the maximum vacuum was reached, the valve on the pressure side of the pump was closed, thus
sealing off the vacuum section of the sampling system. The pump was turned off and the
pressure in the sample system was monitored. The leak test was acceptable as the vacuum gauge
reading dropped by an amount less than 1 inch of mercury over a period of 1 minute. The
Sample Line Leak Check data sheets are presented in Appendix E of this document.
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Sample Line Integrity Check (Daily)
A sample line integrity check was performed prior to and upon completion of each test day. This
procedure is referenced as SSB (Sampling System Bias Check) in the CSU "Scope of Work".
The analyzer's response was tested by first introducing the mid level calibration gas directly to
the NOx analyzer. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The same
mid level calibration gas was then introduced to the analyzer through the sampling system. The
calibration gas was introduced into the sample line at the stack, upstream of the inlet sample
filter. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The analyzer response
values were compared and the percent difference did not to exceed ±5 % of the analyzer span
value (range setting).
The SSB procedure was to be performed for both the NOx and methane/non-methane
analyzers. It was determined to perform the integrity check for the NOx analyzers only.
The SSB procedure was performed for the methane/non-methane analyzers prior to and
upon completion of the test program. The Sample Line Integrity Check data sheets are
presented in Appendix E of this document.
Diesel Fuel Analysis and Flow Measurement
Two independent laboratories, Southern Petroleum Labs in Houston, TX and BG Products, Inc.
in Wichita, KS analyzed the diesel fuel. Both laboratories performed ASTM tests D240, D5291,
D4294, D975, and D1319 for two different samples. The parameters provided by these tests
include the fuel carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur content by weight, the lower heating
value, cetane index, flash point, and specific gravity. Southern Petroleum Labs also performed a
GC PIANO test on the diesel fuel, Method GPA 2186, which provided detailed speciation and
average molecular weight. Appendix N - Fuel Analysis provides a summary of the fuel analysis
results as well as the analysis reports provided by Southern Petroleum Labs and BG Products,
Inc.
The fuel analysis is an important input for data reduction, in particular for the evaluation
of brake specific emissions. Emissions analysis is based on the technique described in the
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 19 for dry
combustion product measurements. Our data analysis program is based on the use of
gaseous fuel. Rather than change the program, fuel properties are expressed relative to the
vapor phase, using the ideal gas law and the fuel molecular weight from the GC PIANO
analysis.
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Evaluation of diesel fuel flow was performed by measuring the change in weight of the fuel tank
over time. The weight of the fuel tank was measured using an Interface load cell, Model
1210HQ-5K-B. The fuel tank was suspended from the load cell, which was suspended from an
overhead beam. The response of the load cell was nonlinear, necessitating a precise calibration of
the load cell. A calibration report was generated and is provided in Appendix-V. The differential
weight fuel flow measurement technique is typically used for measuring diesel fuel flow rates
because a significant fraction of the delivered fuel is recirculated back to the fuel tank. Thus, a
direct fuel flow measurement of the fuel delivered to the engine would not indicate the amount of
fuel consumed by the engine. The desired quantity is the fuel flow rate delivered to the engine
minus the recirculation flow rate. This is the quantity that is evaluated from the differential
weight measurement.
4.8 TEST SPECIFICS: FTIR CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
Calibration was performed on the FTIR instrument prior to each phase of the test program and at
the beginning and end of each test day. The calibration procedures described within this
document are consistent with procedures found in the following documents:
"Measurement of Select Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture
Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy" - Prepared by Radian
International for the Gas Research Institute.
"Protocol fpr Performing Extractive FTIR Measurements to Characterize Various Gas
Industry Sources for Air Toxics" - Prepared by Radian International for the Gas
Research Institute.
Both documents are contained with the Gas Research Institute Report Number GRJ-
95/0271 entitled, "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Method Validation at a Natural
Gas-Fired Internal Combustion Engine" - Prepared by Radian International for the Gas
Research Institute.
Instrument Description
Dedicated FTIR analyzers and sampling conditioning systems were used to measure pre-catalyst
and post-catalyst exhaust emissions. A description of each unit is presented in Table 9:
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TABLE 9
FTIR EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
Pre Catalyst Analyzer
Manufacturer and Type
Nicolet Rega 7000
Spectral Resolution
0.5cm"1
Detector Type
MCT-A
Cell Type
4,2 Meter - Fixed Path Length
Cell Temperature
185°C
Cell Pressure
600 Ton-
Cell Window Material
Zinc Selenide
Post Catalyst Analyzer
Manufacturer and Type
Nicolet Magna 560
Spectral Resolution
0.5cm"1
Detector Type
MCT-A
Cell Type
2.0 Meter - Fixed Path Length
Cell Temperature
165°C
Cell Pressure
600 Torr
Cell Window Material
KBr
Each unit and the associated test method have been designed for measurement of raw exhaust
gases from internal combustion engines. Dedicated temperature controllers maintained the
sample lines and cells at the appropriate the design temperature. Pressure was controlled by an
MKS pressure controller on each system. Sample flow to each analyzer was between 8-15
liters/minute. The units utilized a high-energy mid-range IR source and are equipped with a
modulating, potassium bromide beamsplitter with MCT-A liquid nitrogen cooled detectors. The
cells have been equipped with specific optical windows to prevent signal degradation from
damaged optics due to moisture and corrosive gases present in the exhaust stream.
Pre Engine Test Calibration
Prior to initiation of an engine specific test program, the FTIR sampling systems, both pre and
post catalyst sample trains underwent an EPA Method 301 validation process. The validation
process was to verify the sample and analytical system performance in relation to precision and
accuracy of data collected. Additional calibration procedures prior to testing of the engine were
as follows:
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1.) Source Evaluation - Acquired initial source data to verify concentration ranges of target
compounds and possible interferants. This was accomplished prior to and during the
Method 301 validation process
2.) Sample System Leak Check -Sample system leak checks were performed. The leak
check procedure encompassed the sample train from the sample filter to the pump outlet.
A dedicated rotameter has been installed on the discharge side of the sample pump. With
the sample system operating at typical temperatures and pressures (sample pump will
pull a slight vacuum on the suction side), the sample flow rate from the rotameter was
recorded. The inlet to the sample filter located just downstream of the sample probe was
closed and the flow rate through the rotameter was monitored. The flow rate through the
rotameter went to zero. The leak checks were determined to be acceptable, as the leak
rate was less than 4% of the standard sampling rate or 500ml/min, whichever is less.
Sample system leak check data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this document.
3.) Analyzer Leak Check - With the FTIR analyzers operating at normal operating
temperatures and pressures, the operating pressures were recorded. The automatic
pressure controllers were then disabled, and the inlet valves to the FTIR analyzers were
closed. The measurement cells were then evacuated to 20% or less of their normal
operating pressure. After the measurement cells were evacuated, each measurement cell
was then isolated and the cell pressure monitored with a dedicated pressure sensor. The
leak rate of each measurement cell was less than 10 Torr per minute for a one-minute
period. The analyzer leak rate was determined to be acceptable. Analyzer leak check
data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this document.
4.) Cell Pathlength Determination - The cell pathlength was to be determined using the
measurement procedures as outlined in the Field Procedure Section of the document
entitled "Protocol For Performing Extractive FTTR Measurements To Characterize
Various Gas Industry Sources For Air Toxics", prepared by Radian International for the
Gas Research Institute. Because the units are fixed pathlength (non-adjustable)
measurement cells, which are stationary units dedicated to a specific task, the pathlength
determination process was determined not to be necessary. The units are "as specified"
from the manufacturer, and have passed all validation and calibration procedures at this
fixed pathlength.
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Daily Calibration Procedures - Pre Test
The following daily calibration procedures were performed prior to the initiation of each day's
testing.
1.) Instrument Stabilization - To ensure the FTER. instruments were operating in a stable
manner, verification of the operation of the following components at the beginning
of each day was performed:
a.) All instrument heated devices and temperature controller were at operating
temperature and performing properly.
b.) Pressure sensor and pressure controllers were at operating conditions and
performing properly.
c.) Sample systems (pumps, filters, flow meters, and water knockouts) were
functioning properly.
2.) Instruments were operated on a conditioned air source for a minimum of 30 minutes
prior to conducting background spectrum procedures. When the instruments were in
standby mode, between test days, the analyzers and all components were kept at
normal operating temperatures. The analyzers operated on a conditioned air at all
times when not involved with data acquisition.
3.) Background spectrum procedures — After purging with a conditioned air source for a
minimum of 30 minutes, the instruments were allowed to stabilize by flowing an
ultra high purity N2 gas through the measurement cell for a minimum of ten minutes.
During the stabilization process, the FTIR spectra were monitored until the
concentrations of CO and H20 were reduced and normal steady state background
levels had been achieved. The following procedures were then performed:
a.) Check for proper interferogram signal using alignment software
b.) Collect a single beam spectrum and inspect for irregularities
c.) Check the single beam spectrum for detector non-linearity and correct if
necessary
d.) Perform an instrument alignment procedure
e.) Collect a background spectrum - The background spectrum was comprised 256
scans, which was equal to or greater than the number of scans used for sample
analysis.
4.) Analyzer Diagnostics - Perform an analyzer diagnostic procedure by analyzing a
diagnostic standard. The standard was an EPA Protocol 1 CO gas standard at
concentration levels indicative of the emissions source, 109 ppm, A CO standard
was recommended due to the distinct spectral features, which are sensitive to
variations in system operation and performance. The standard was introduced
directly into the instrument. The instrument readings were allowed to stabilize and a
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five-minute set of data was acquired. The calculated accuracy and precision based
on equations from the document entitled "Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIR
Measurements To Characterize Various Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics",
prepared by Radian International for the Gas Research Institute, was acceptable. The
pass/fail criteria for accuracy and precision was ± 10% of the known standard for the
instrument to be acceptable. Each instrument meets this criterion for all daily
calibrations. Analyzer diagnostic data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this
document.
5.) Additional Analyzer Diagnostic - An additional diagnostic check was performed to
ensure system operation and performance. A second diagnostic standard comprised
of a multi-gas composition was analyzed by the same procedure. The gas consisted
of C02» CO, CH4, and NO* in concentrations similar to exhaust gas composition.
The same pass/fail criteria was used to evaluate each analyzer's performance when
analyzing the multi-gas standard. Each instrument meets this criteria for all daily
calibrations. Analyzer diagnostic data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this
document.
6.) Indicator Check & Sample Integrity Check - An indicator check procedure was
performed on each analyzer by analyzing a certified indicator standard. The standard
was either a NIST traceable, EPA Protocol 1 gas standard, or highest grade standard
available of a surrogate/analyte gas concentration at levels indicative of the
emissions source. A formaldehyde standard (concentration of 10.66 ppm) was used
due to the fact that formaldehyde represents a sampling challenge because of its
solubility in water. The standard was introduced directly into the instrument. The
instrument readings were allowed to stabilize and a five-minute set of data was
acquired. Next, the indicator standard was introduced into the sample system at the
sample filter located just downstream of the sample probe. The instrument readings
were allowed to stabilize and a five-minute set of data was acquired. The calculated
accuracy and precision based on equations from the document entitled "Protocol For
Performing Extractive FTIR Measurements To Characterize Various Gas Industry
Sources For Air Toxics", prepared by Radian International for the Gas Research
Institute. The pass/fail criteria for accuracy, precision, and recovery was ± 10% of
the known standard (recovery was ± 10% of the instrument reading with the
indicator gas introduced directly into the instrument.) for the instrument to be
acceptable. Each instrument meets this criteria for all daily calibrations. Indicator
check and sample integrity check data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this
document.
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Daily Calibration Procedures - Background assessment
The baseline absorbance was continually monitored during data acquisition procedures. If it was
determined by PES, ERG, and CSU personnel that the baseline had changed by more than 0.1
absorbance units, the instrument interferometer was realigned and a background spectrum
collected.
Daily Calibration Procedures - Post Test
Upon completion of the daily test program steps 4 - 6 of the pre test calibration procedures were
repeated. All analyzers met all acceptance criteria and calibration procedures. All post test
calibration data sheets are presented in Appendix F of this document.
4.9 TEST SPECIFIC - FTIR VALIDATION PROCEDURES
To ensure the accuracy of data collected during testing, the test program required procedures to
evaluate instrument performance. Prior to collecting test data, a validation procedure was
performed on each FTIR sample train, both pre-catalyst and post-catalyst, for the diesel fueled
engine classification. The specific sample trains are as follows:
1.) Pre-catalyst emissions sample trains from the exhaust of diesel fueled engines.
2.) Post-catalyst emissions sample trains from the exhaust of diesel fueled engines.
Each sample train was validated for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein:
Instrument Description
Refer to FTIR calibration procedures for FTIR instrument description.
Procedures
The validation procedure was conducted in basic accordance with procedures outlined in Method
301-"Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media".
Validation procedures for aldehydes utilized an analyte spiking technique as specified in Method
301. Validation procedures for criteria pollutants and moisture will use comparative sampling to
the appropriate EPA reference methods. Paired sampling was not performed under the validation
procedure. The paired samples will be generated from FTIR analyzer data and reference method
analyzer data collected during the test program. The procedures for the validation process are as
follows:
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Analyte Spiking:
The process was carried out by means of dynamic analyte spiking of the sample gas. The
sample stream of the exhaust gas was spiked with the specific analyte after the sample
probe, and before the sample filter. Spike levels for the specific aldehydes were
determined and the spike gas concentrations were generated for the specific aldehydes
using the following methods;
Formaldehyde;
Formaldehyde spike gas was generated by volatilization of a formalin solution
prepared from a stock formalin solution of 37% formaldehyde by weight. The
solution was injected into a heated vaporization block. The vaporized formalin
solution was mixed with an acetylaldehyde/acrolein carrier gas and carried into the
sample exhaust stream. Carrier gas flow rate was measured by a mass flow meter
equipped with readout.
Acctlyaldchyde/Acrolein:
Acetlyaldehyde and acrolein spike samples were generated from a certified gas
standard (Scott Specialty Gases, ±2% analytical accuracy) which contained both
analyte species and a sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) tracer gas. Carrier gas flow rate was
measured by a mass flow meter equipped with readout.
Analyte specific spike gas was introduced to the FT® sample train upstream of the
sample system filter. The spike gas was introduced at a known flow rate. The spike gas
flow was controlled by a three-way solenoid valve, which directed gas either into the
sample stream or diverted the spike gas to the atmosphere. This allowed for
uninterrupted flow of the analyte spike gas source during the validation procedures.
The formaldehyde and acetylaldehyde/acrolein validation runs were conducted
simultaneously. The validation test runs consisted of 24 test runs, 12 spiked and 12
unspiked runs, which were paired and grouped further into six groups of 2
spiked/unspiked pairs to simulate the "quad train" approach used for Method 301
statistical calculations. Samples were one minute in duration. Measurement procedures
for acquiring the spiked/unspiked pairs are as follows:
1.) Verify stable engine operation
2.) Begin measurement of the unspiked native exhaust stack gas.
3.) Upon completion of acquiring the unspiked sample, initiate spike gas flow into
sample stream.
4.) Let system equilibrate.
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5.) Begin measurement of the spiked exhaust gas sample.
6.) Upon completion of acquiring the spiked sample, divert spike gas flow to
atmosphere.
7.) Let system equilibrate.
8.) Repeat items 2 through 7,
This procedure was performed twelve times to acquire the appropriate number of
spiked/unspiked pairs. To ensure stable engine operation during the validation
procedure, engine operating data was collected during the spiking process.
4.10 TEST SPECIFIC - GENERAL CALIBRATION
To ensure the accuracy of data collected during testing, the test procedure required that all
instrumentation be routinely calibrated. Calibrations and/or calibration checks were performed
within one week before initiation of testing, and upon completion of the entire test program to
ensure that no "drift" has occurred. The devices calibrated included the dynamometer 5000-lb.
load cell and amplifier, all thermocouples, pressure transducers, and all pressure transmitters.
Dynamometer Load Cell and Amplifier (Daily)
The 5000 pound load cell and amplifier was calibrated prior to the engine test section. The
calibration procedure is outlined in a document contained in Appendix M of this document.
Calibration of the load cell and amplifier were then be verified by applying the full range of load
without any adjustments to the offset or gain of the instrumentation. Calibration checks were
performed on a daily basis prior to starting the engine to identify and correct any drift in the load
cell or amplifier. These checks used the same procedure as the calibration verification. If the
daily calibration check showed an indicated load that exceeded ±1.0% of the torque applied by
the standard weights, the full calibration procedure was performed. The dynamometer was
within acceptable limits during the test program. Dynamometer calibration data sheets are
provided in Appendix L of this document.
Thermocouples (Within one week prior to initiation of each engine test program)
K-type insertion thermocouples are used throughout the Large Bore Engine Testbed with
compensation performed through the engine control and data acquisition hardware. The
thermocouples were calibrated using a Ronan X88 portable calibrator calibrated within ±1.0°F of
N.I.S.T. standard by an independent laboratory. The thermocouple signal was zeroed and the
gain adjusted at MI span until the value displayed by the NetCon 5000 matched the setting of the
Ronan X88 within ±2.0°F. Once the zero and gain have been set a minimum of two mid-point
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temperatures were checked to verify the calibration. Thermocouple calibration data sheets are
provided in Appendix J of this report.
Pressure Transducers (Within one week prior to initiation of each engine test program)
3-way valves have been installed on the pressure transmitters to allow calibration without
removing the sensor from the system. The Model 320 Beta calibrator used for transducers
calibration provides an accuracy of 0,05% of reading or 0.02% of full span and is calibrated to
N.LS.T. standards by an independent laboratory. The transducer was zeroed and the gain
adjusted at full span until the value displayed by the NetCon 5000 was within ±1.0 psig of the
pressure supplied by the pressure calibration standard. A minimum of two midpoints was
checked to verify calibration. Pressure transducer calibration data sheets are provided in
Appendix J of this report.
Pressure Transmitters (Within one week prior to initiation of each engine test program)
Pressure which were critical to control and emissions calculations were measured using
Rosemount® 3051C transmitters. The calibration was performed at the transmitter and no
adjustments are made to the current loop. A known pressure was supplied to the sensing port of
the transmitter using the Model 320 Beta calibrator. The current transmitter was then zeroed and
spanned at the full range value of the system. A minimum of two mid-span points was checked
to verify calibration. Pressure transmitter calibration data sheets are provided in Appendix J of
this report.
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APPENDIX A
ENGINE TEST DATA
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August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
1
1
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Run J
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
2884
2019
2019
2884
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
692
615
878
BSFC (btu/bhp-hr)
6144
7142
7053
6067
Engine Speed (rpm)
1800
1799
1600
1600
Timing {Degrees BTDC)
21.00
21.00
21.00
21.00
A/'F (Wei) Carbon Balance
29.4
31.7
27.5
26.3
Pressures
Air Manifold (in, Hg)
4.99
5.00
5.00
5.00
Lube Oil Left ("HjO;
9.85
15.35
15.35
15.36
Fuel Pre Pump ("H20)
129.20
127.05
135.57
134.60
Fuel Post Pump (psi)
73.19
73.87
73.01
71.99
Catalyst Differential ("H,0)
16.57
9.34
6,43
11.04
Temperatures (*F)
Air Manifold
103.6
97.9
99.5
100.0
Fuel Manifold
105.5
109.9
105.0
100.1
Jacket Water Inlet
188.9
189.6
191.0
189.4
Jacket Water Outlet
194.9
193.8
195.0
195.0
Lube Oil Inlet
214.8
211.6
210,0
212.0
Lube Oil Outlet
231.7
227.3
225.0
228.0
Lube Oil Cooling Water In
190.7
191.4
192.7
191.3
Iniercooler Air Out
152.6
151,1
149.6
150.7
Intercooler Water In
SF*
SF*
SF*
SF*
Intercooler Water Out
127.9
135.9
134.4
131.3
Exhaust Header
767.4
726.8
768.8
816.6
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust
581.8
500.1
434.6
556.7
Pre Turtio Right Exhaust
1084.5
986.0
1044.0
1129.9
Post Turbo Exhaust
834.1
797.0
858.0
902.7
Post Turbo Left Air
346.5
263.4
231.8
303.3
Post Turio Eight Air
347.2
265.9
234.6
305.5
Fuel Pre Pump
129.2
127.0
135.6
134.6
Fuel Post Pump
73.2
73.9
73.0
72.0
Pre-Caialyst
815.1
775.2
829.7
878.4
Post-Catalyst
818.8
780.9
837.3
883.0
Flow Measurements
Intake Air (scfm)
2149,9
1654.1
1301.2
1715.9
Exhaust Flow {scfm)
2233.3
1942.7
1489.9
1758.8
Jacket Water Flow (gpm)
248.4
250.5
250.7
248.6
Intercooler Water (sspm)
123.0
122.9
124.1
123.2
Fuel Flow Measurements
Higher Heating Value-Dry (BUi)
10221
10221
10221
10221
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
9609
9609
9609
9609
Fuel Flow (Ib/hr)
311
253
222
273
Fuel Consumption (gal/hr)
42.4
34.5
1 30.3
37.2
* SF - Sensor Failure
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Run ]
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Annubar Flow Rates
Inlet Air Flow (scftn)
2149.9
1654.1
1301.2
1715.9
Exhaust Flow (scfm)
2233.3
1942.7
1489.9
1758.8
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
12.06
Dry Bulb Temperature (°F)
81.8
66.8
69.9
75.4
Relative Humidity (%)
35.6
71.1
58.7
49.6
Absolute Humidity (lb/lb)
0.0100
0.0122
0.Q111
0.0113
Absolute Humidity (ftr/lb)
70.181
85.070
77.948
79.3 J 3
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (it). Hg)
4.99
5.00
5.00
J.00
Dry Bulb Temperature CF)
103.6
97.9
99.5
too.o
Relative Humidity <*/«}
36.5
36.3
35.4
36.7
Relative Humidity {%) • Corrected"
56,1
46.9
48.1
50.5
Absolute Humidity (lb/lb)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
119.394
99.223
101.834
107.209
Water Content <%) from FTIR
9.21
8.51
9.16
9.72
•Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient conditions
of 90bF, 14.696 psi.
Caterpillar
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
692
61S
878
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees *F)
Cylinder 1
974.3
898.1
941.2
1010.8
Cylinder 2
923.9
850.5
860.5
941.4
Cylinder 3
1033.6
963.3
974.1
1047.9
Cylinder 4
956.2
878.3
886.8
976.7
Cylinder 5
965.5
887.9
915.0
998.8
Cylinder 6
1028.2
944.3
935.9
1032.5
Cylinder 7
990.3
890.7
928.0
2209.5
Cylinder 8
989.5
893.9
907.5
996.1
Engine Average
982.70
897.53
915.66
994.20
Caterpillar
PARTICULATE DATA
Run ]
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
692
615
878
Pre Test Point 1 (gfohp-hr)
0.05
0.07
0.06
0.07
Pre Test Point 2 (g/bhp-hr)
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.05
Post Test Point 1 (g'bhp-hr)
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.08
Post Test Point 2 (i£/bhp-hrl
0.07
0.05
0.10
0.08
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisei Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbucbarged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Run 1
Run 2
Ran 3
Run 4
Brake Horsepower (blip)
988
692
615
87*
Eminions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1267.03
1507.17
1872.79
1753.89
NO, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1255.37
1427.81
1853.50
1658,91
CO (ppm): Pre-Calalyst
78.56
73.21
140.42
148.61
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
21.09
20.42
24.18
23,34
THC (ppm): Pre-Calalyst
32.08
32.09
75.18
24.91
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.15
4.78
6,4)
4.98
02 %: Pre-Catalyst
10.40
11.1)
10.11
9.40
Oj %: Post-Catalyst
10.60
11.22
10.06
9.43
CO; •/•: Pre-Catalysl
7,29
6,73
7,80
8.18
C02 %: Post-Catalyst
7.56
6.87
7.73
8.13
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
6.99
16.83
17.01
14.25
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.78
7.26
6.39
4,49
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalysl
3.17
4.84
9.00
15.45
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.06
2.30
0.63
2.81
F-Factor Emissions Calculations
NO, {g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
7.952
11,793
13.131
9.921
NO, (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
17.327
17.979
17.801
19.212
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
7.879
11.572
12.996
9.384
NO, (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
17.168
17.033
17.618
18.171
THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.071
0.089
0.187
0.050
THC (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0,155
0.136
0.253
0.097
THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.009
0.013
0,016
0.010
THC (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.020
0.020
0.022
0.019
CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.305
0.354
0.609
0.520
CO (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.664
0.540
0.825
1.007
CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.082
0.099
0,105
0,082
CO (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0,178
0.151
0.142
0.158
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.017
0.051
0,046
0.032
Methane (lb/hr): Pre-Catalysl
0.037
0,078
0.063
0.061
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.012
0.022
0.017
0.010
Methane (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.026
0.034
0.024
0.019
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.021
0.040
0.068
0.094
Non-Methane (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.046
0.061
0.092
0.182
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0,027
0.019
0.005
0.017
Noil-Methane (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.059
0.029
0.006
0.033
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.011
0.008
0.012
0.012
Formaldehyde (lb/hr): Pre-Catalysl
0.025
0.012
0.016
0.023
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.004
0.000
0.001
0.000
Formaldehyde (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.009
0,000
0.002
0.000
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Calalyst
0.007
0.010
0.007
0.006
Acetaldehyde (lb/hr): Pre-Cata1yst
0.016
0,015
0.010
0.012
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.020
0.014
0.014
0.010
Acetaldehyde (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.044
0.021
0.020
0.020
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.002
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Calalyst
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.004
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acrolein (lb/hr); Past-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
692
615
878
FTJR Measured Emission! (ppm, Wet)
Water-HjO
92135
85142
91631
97167
Cartton Monoxide-CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
78.652
74.054
137.361
145309
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
33.858
11.810
15.888
8.860
COM
101.686
97.675
150.023
157.078
COLO
78.652
74,054
137.361
145.209
Carbon Dioxide-CO; (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
68118
66197
71203
75945
Carbon Dioxide-COj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
72046
68018
75553
75450
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1118.666
1301.478
1656.942
1533.737
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Post-Catalysi
889.685
955.916
1185.426
1136.833
Nitrogen Dioxide-N02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
28.438
61.615
37,306
38.972
Nitrogen Dioxide-N02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
398.979
629.780
775.422
570.521
NitrousOxide-NjO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.503
0.507
0.479
0.460
Nitrous Oxide-NjO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aramonia-NH] (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.001
Ammoma-NHj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0-000
0.000
0.000
Oxides of'Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1147.103
1363.093
1694.248
1572.710
Oxides of Nitrogeit-NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1288.665
1585.696
1960.848
1707.353
Methane-CH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
31.256
30.244
31.168
30.059
Metbane-CH4 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
3.103
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.012
0.000
Acetyl cne-C:H3 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ethylene-CjH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.907
0.915
2.360
2.974
Ethylene-CjH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ethanr-CjH# (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.609
1.522
1.399
1.672
Ethanc-Cjli* (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.345
3.154
5.155
4.736
Cyclopropene-CjHj (ppm): Pre-Citalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Cydopropene-CjHt (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Formaldehyde-HjCO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
2.468
1.417
2.300
2.888
Formaldehyde-HjCO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.870
0.000
0.253
0.000
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0,001
0.008
0.003
0.098
Methanol-CH,OH (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Propane-CjH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Prapane-CjH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.575
1.292
4.153
3,521
Sulfur Dtoxide-SOj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.896
8.701
8.951
9.068
Sulfvir Dioxidc-SO, (ppm): Post-Cataiyst
1.585
2.454
1.965
2.407
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
37.965
35.518
38.406
39.093
Total HydrocaAons-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acetaidehyde-CHjCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.103
1.177
0.938
1.044
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.975
1.678
1.920
1.713
Acrolein CHj-CHCHO (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
0.543
0.278
0.349
0.241
Acrolein CH--CHCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.008
0.183
0.009
0.031
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Isobutylene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0,000
0.000
0.007
O.OOS
Isobutvlene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
56,95%
84.05%
88.43%
93.90%
Formaldehyde-HjCO (%)
64.73%
100.00%
89.00%
I 100.00%
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Dynamometer Torque (fl-lb)
2882
2885
2885
2884
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
989
988
988
BSFC (bm/bhp-hr)
7204
6729
7598
7247
Engine Speed (rpm)
1800
1800
1799
1799
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
21,00
21.00
21.00
21.00
A/F (Wet) Carbon Balance
29.2
28.6
29.7
29,8
Pressures
Air Manifold (in. Hg)
4.99
4,99
5.00
5.00
Lube Oilipsig)
66.78
66.68
67.67
64.61
Intercooler Supply (psi)
13.21
14.68
14.40
14.33
Intercooler Air Differential ("H2O)
14.54
14.33
14,19
14.23
Intercooler Water Differentia! C'HjO)
68.15
81.58
82.67
82.! 2
Post Intercooler Air Manifold (psia)
38,15
38.24
37.91
38.10
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust ("Hg)
10.44
12.04
12.38
12.64
Pre Turbo Right Exhaust ("Hg)
19.33
19.12
19.02
19,08
Post Turbo Exhaust ("Hg)
5.12
5.04
5.02
5.07
Right Turbo Oil (psig)
65.40
65.60
66.59
63.63
Turbo Differential Right->Left ("H;0)
10.44
12,04
12.38
12,64
Fuel Pre Pump f HjO)
117.45
127.32
121.86
118.09
Fuel Posl Pump (psi)
70.87
71.08
70.15
70.10
Catalyst Differential ("HjO)
17.00
16,53
16,43
16.52
Temperatures (*F)
Air Manifold
94.0
99.7
99.7
99.7
Fuel Manifold
133.0
123.2
126.3
131.4
Jacket Water Inlet
188.9
188.3
178.8
200.7
Jacket Water Outlet
194.7
194.3
184.7
206.3
Lube Oil Inlet
213.9
214.2
205,9
224.0
Lube Oil Outlet
230.4
230.7
223.9
240.2
Lube Oil Cooling Water In
190.8
190.1
180.8
202.3
Intercooler Air Out
139.7
156.8
149.6
151.0
Intercooler Water In
SF*
SF4
SF*
SF*
Intercooler Water Out
, 95.3
133.9
124.3
125.6
Exhaust Header
746.2
766,5
759.0
763.4
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust
568.3
596.3
580.0
575.7
Pre Tuitoo Right Exhaust
1054.2
1082.3
1072.4
1083.2
Post T uibo Exhaust
809.1
832.7
823.3
827.9
Post Turbo Left Air
334,8
344.4
341.8
344.5
Post Turbo Right Air
335.9
345.2
342.9
345.3
Fuel Pre Pump
117.5
127.3
121.9
118.1
Fuel Posl Pump
70.9
71,1
70.1
70.1
Pre-Catalyst
792.0
812.9
804.5
808.7
Post-Catalyst
794.3
816.4
809.1
813.5
Flaw Measurements
Intake Air (scfra)
2149.9
2149.9
2149.9
2149.9
Exhaust Flow {sc fm)
2586.2
2374.2
2781.2
2661.4
Jacket Water Flow (asm)
248.6
247.6
246.4
249.6
Intercooler Water (spm)
117.1
124,2
122.1
121.8
Fuel Flow Measurements
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
10221
10221
10221
10221
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
9609
9609
9609
9609
Fuel Flow (lb/hr)
364
341
385
367
Fuel Consumption (sal/hr)
49.7
1 46,4
52.4
50.0
* SF - Sensor Failure
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING .PARAMETERS
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Annubar Flow Rales
Inlet Air Flow (scfm)
2149.9
2149.9
2149.9
2149.9
Exhaust Flow {scfm)
2586.2
2374.2
2781.2
2661.4
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
12.06
Dry Bulb Temperature (*F)
65.0
73.7
73.1
74.9
Relative Humidity (%)
76.5
61.3
58.5
52.3
Absolute Humidity (lb/lb)
0.0123
0.0133
0.0124
0.01 IS
Absolute Humidity (sr/lb)
86.000
92.900
86.564
82.491
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in. Hg)
4,99
4.99
5.00
5,00
Diy Bulb Temperature (*F)
94.0
99.7
99.7
99.7
Relative Humidity (%)
37.4
35.7
36.0
36.7
Relative Humidity (%) - Conected*
42.9
48.6
49.1
50,1
Absolute Humidity (lb/lb)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
90,620
103.085
104.165
106.263
Water Content (%) from FTIR
8.56
9.17
8.93
8.9S
~Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient conditions
Of 90°F, 14.696 psl
Caterpillar
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Run?
Ron 10
Run 11
Run 12
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
989
988
988
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees °F)
Cylinder 1
950.4
971.3
965.7
996.7
Cylinder 2
900.9
923.6
906.0
906, J
Cylinder 3
998.8
1024.9
1019.2
1024.2
Cylinder 4
938.5
955.9
950.8
955.8
Cylinder 5
946.4
963.8
954,3
956.1
Cylinder 6
1007.7
1023.0
1016.6
1014.5
Cylinder 7
967.7
984.8
2501.C
2422,0
Cylinders
967.2
985.3
983.0
979.4
Engine Average
947.14
968.93
966.42
970.71
Caterpillar
PARTICULATE DATA
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
989
988
988
Pre Test Point 1 (g/bhp-hr)
0.05
0,10
0.04
0.10
Pre Test Point 2 (g/bhp-hr)
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.05
Post Test Point 1 (g/bhp-hr)
0,10
0.12
0.08
0.09
Post Test Point 2 (ss/bhp-hr)
0.12
0.12
0.08
0.11
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Brake Horsepower (bhD)
988
m
988
988
Emissions Measured (Dry)
MO, (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
1139.32
1208.14
1266.31
1228.48
NO, (ppm); Post-Catalyst
1145.18
1235.12
1226.67
1192.22
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
66.35
75.14
72.63
74.57
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
19.08
20.92
20.81
20,47
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
36.18
40.35
32.90
35.64
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.40
4.94
4.70
4.60
Oj %: Pre-Catalyst
11.06
10.70
10.59
10.60
02 •/•: Post-Catalyst
11,00
10.70
10.69
10.70
C02 %: Pre-Catalyst
7.31
7.50
7.20
7.17
COj %: Post-Catalyst
7.38
7.65
7.23
7,22
F.mlnkinj Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
14.37
24.83
22.55
13.76
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
6.89
8.86
6.79
12.01
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
11.83
15.10
16.57
14.91
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1.94
2.03
4.13
2,34
F-Faclor Emissions Calculation!
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
8.949
8.551
10.007
9.271
NO, (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
19.486
18.638
21,799
20.192
NO, {g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
8.996
8.742
9.694
8.997
NO, (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
19.586
19.054
21.117
19.596
THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0-101
0.101
0.092
0.095
THC (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.219
0.220
0.201
0.207
THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.012
THC (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.027
0,027
0,029
0.027
CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.322
0.329
0.355
0.348
CO (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0,702
0.717
0.773
0.758
CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.093
0.092
0.102
0.096
CO (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.202
0.200
0.221
0.208
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.044
0.069
0.069
0.040
Methane (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.095
0,149
0.151
0.088
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.021
0.024
0.021
0.035
Methane (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.046
0.053
0.045
0.077
Non-Methane (g'bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.099
0.115
0.140
0.120
Non-Methane (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.215
0.250
0.305
0.262
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.016
0.015
0.035
0.019
"Non-Methane (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.035
0.034
0,076
0.041
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.011
0.013
0.013
0.014
Formaldehyde (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.024
0.028
0.027
0.029
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
Formaldehyde (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0-012
0.010
0,011
0.012
Acetaldehyde (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.026
0.021
0.023
0.027
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.022
0.022
0.019
0.020
Acetaldehyde (lb'hr): Post-Catalyst
0.049
0.048
0.040
0.043
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.008
0.007
0.004
0.004
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.017
0.01S
0.008
0.008
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acrolein (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0,000
1 0.000
-------
Colorado Slate University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Cuter pillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
988
989
988
988
FTIR Measured Emissions (ppm, Wet)
Waier-HjO
85604
91702
89289
89830
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
68.288
77.995
73.124
75.266
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Fost-Caralyst
9.425
12.079
8.880
9.261
com
91.759
98.196
96.963
98.750
COLO
68.288
77.995
73.124
75.266
Carbon D'oxide-CO, (ppm): Fre-Catalyst
67731
70292
67773
67611
Cartxm Dioxide-COj (ppm): Pcsi-Catalysi
69112
71408
68501
68335
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1032.215
1105.341
1107.663
1075.654
Nitric Qxide-NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
793.298
844.213
821.7)7
796.473
Nitrogen D:oxide-N02 (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
29.318
29.762
30.068
28.941
Nitrogen Dioxide-NOj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
412.437
419.366
443.075
428.140
Nitrous Omde-NjO (ppm): Pre-Catalvst
0.476
0.503
0.515
0.515
Nitrous Oxide-NjO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
Ammonia-NHj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0,000
0,000
Ammonia-NHj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1061.535
1135.103
1137.732
1104,596
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1205.737
1263.578
1264.793
1224,614
Methaiie-CIL, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
30.273
30.434
30.404
30.364
Methane-CH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acetyiene-C3Hj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acciyiene-C2H2 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ethyiene-CjH4 (ppm): Pie-Catalyst
1.404
1.901
1.631
1.981
Ethylene-C,H4 (ppnn); Posl-Calalysl
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ethane-CjH6 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.019
1.476
1.407
1.410
Ethanc-C;H6 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.111
3.886
4.528
4,007
Cyclopropene-CjHs (ppm): ?rt-Cataiyst
0.000
0.001
0.000
0,000
Cyclopropene-CjHs (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Formaldehyde-HjCO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.962
2.506
2.184
2.463
Formaldehyde-H-CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.038
0.106
0.025
0.012
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Pre-Catalysl
0.080
0,006
0.073
0.053
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Propane-CjH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Propane-CjHj (ppm): Pest-Catalyst
0.331
0.338
3,768
3.735
Sulfur Dioxide-SOj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7,128
8.916
8,145
7,733
Sulfur Dioxide-SOj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
3,352
3.424
3.381
3.399
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
35.147
38.970
36,269
36.964
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.409
1.261
1.257
1.517
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.688
2.878
2.195
2.462
Acrolein CHj-CHOHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.714
0,730
0.351
0.358
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm): Posl-Catalyst
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.061
0.603
0.000
0,000
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
Isobutylene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.033
Isobutylene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency
Catfcon Monoxide-CO (%)
86.20%
84.51%
87,86%
87.69%
Fonnaldehyde-HjCO (%)
98.09%
95.76%
98.85%
99,52%
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testiog
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Run 13
Ron 14
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
2887
2886
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
989
989
BSFC (btu/bhp-br)
6160
7725
Engine Speed (rpm)
1800
1800
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
19,00
23.00
A/F (Wet) Carbon Balance
30.0
29.7
Pressures
AirMinifold (in, Hg)
4.99
4.99
Lube Oil (psig)
66.72
66.61
Intercooler Supply (psi)
14.49
14.51
Intercooler Air Differential ("HjO)
14.45
14.26
Intercooler Water Differentia; ("K20)
82.13
82.40
Post Intercooler Air Manifold (psia!
38.53
37.69
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust ("Hg)
11.18
11.84
Pre Turbo Right Exhaust ("Hg)
19.63
18,78
Post Turbo Exhaust {"Hg)
5.19
4.94
Right Turbo Oil (psig)
65.37
65.59
Turbo Differential Right->Left ("HjO)
11.18
11.84
Fuel Pre Pump !"HjQ)
133.60
120.60
Fuel Post Pump (psi)
72.97
70.84
Catalyst Differential ("HjO)
17.01
16.57
Temperatures (*F)
Air Manifold
99.8
102.1
Fuel Manifold
109.0
131.7
Jacket Water Inlet
188.0
189.0
Jacket Water Outlet
194.1
194.2
Lube Oil Inlet
214.0
214.5
Lube Oil Outlet
230.1
231.3
Lube Oil Cooling Water In
190.1
189.9
Intercooler Air Out
148.8
149.7
Intercooler Water In
SF*
SF*
Intercooler Water Out
120.8
124.0
Exhaust Header
765.6
760.5
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust
597,4
585.3
Pre Turbo Right Exhaust
1081.0
1081.1
Post Tuibo Exhaust
830.6
827.7
Post Turbo Left Air
347.1
344.4
Post Turbo Right Air
347.9
345.2
Fuel Pre Pump
133.6
120,6
Fuel Post Pump
73.0
70.8
Pie-Catalyst
810.9
808.9
Post-Cstalvsi
813.9
812.2
Flow Measurements
Intake Air (scfx)
2149.9
2149.9
Exhaust Flow (scftn)
2282.0
2127.3
Jacket Water Flow (gpm)
247.7
247.8
Intercooler Water (Rpm)
122.4
122.7
Fuel Flow Measurements
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
10221
10221
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
9609
9609
Fuel Flow (Ib/hr)
312
391
Fuel Consumption (gaMirt
42.5
53.3
* SF - Sensor Failure
-------
Colorado Stale University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deiscl Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Run 13
Run 14
Annubar Flow Kates
Inlet Air Flow (sctm)
2149,9
2149.9
Exhaust Flow (scftti)
2282.0
2827.3
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (psia)
12.06
12.06
Dry Bulb Temperature fF)
75.5
88.7
Relative Humidity (%)
54.9
22.7
Absolute Humidity (lb/lb)
0.0130
0.0079
Absolute Humidity (Kr/lb)
91.183
55.408
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in. Hg)
4.99
4,99
Dry Bulb Temperature fF)
99.8
102.1
Relative Humidity (%)
35.4
33.9
Relative Humidity (%) - Corrected*
48.5
49,8
Absolute Humidity (lb/lb)
0.0
0.0
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
102.769
105,654
Water Content 1%) from FTIR
9.02
8.94
•Ait manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient conditions
of90°F, 14.696 psi.
Caterpillar
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Run 13
Run 14
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
m
989
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees °F)
Cylinder 1
968.4
1005.4
Cylinder 2
920.8
917.4
Cylinder 3
1022.3
1024.7
Cylinder 4
954,4
948.6
Cylinder 5
963,7
955.0
Cylinder 6
1019.5
1017.5
Cylinder 7
977.8
982.6
Cylinder 8
989.7
978.3
Engine Average
966.46
974,04
Caterpillar
PARTICULATE DATA
Run 13
Run 14
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
989
989
Pre Test Point 1 (g/bhp-hr)
0.05
0.09
Pre Test Point 2 (g/Vnp-hr)
0.05
0.09
Post Test Point 1 (g/bhp-hr)
0.07
0.17
Post Test Point 2 (g/bhp-hr)
0,08
0.15
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercoolcd Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Run 13
Run 14
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
989
989
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
992.58
1365.19
NO, (ppm); Post-Catalyst
1022.40
1358.79
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
78.93
73.82
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.22
21.79
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
40.08
34.52
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.89
5.24
03 %: Pre-Catalyst
10.60
10.43
O; %: Post-Catalyst
10.79
10.65
C02 %: Pre-Catalyst
7.11
7.21
CO} %: Post-Catalyst
7.53
7.61
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
180.04
8.47
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
223.67
195.10
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
82.93
3.38
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
29.00
20.20
F-Factor Emission! Calculations
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
6.368
10.799
NO, (ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
13.887
23.544
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Pott-Catalyst
6.559
10.749
NO, (lb.'nrj: Post-Catalyst
14.304
23-433
THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.091
0.097
THC (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.199
0.211
THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalysi
0.011
0.015
THC (lb/hr): Post-Cataiyss
0.024
0.032
CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.313
0.361
CO (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.683
0.787
CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Cataiyst
0.080
0.107
CO (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.175
0.232
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.450
0.026
Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.980
0.057
Methane (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.559
0,600
Methane (ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
1.218
1.309
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.569
0.029
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
1.241
0.062
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.199
0.171
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Post-Cataiyst
0.434
0.372
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.012
0.013
Formaldehyde (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.026
0.029
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Formaldehyde (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.010
0.011
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.022
0.024
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.016
0.018
Acetaldehyde (lb/hr): Post-Cataiyst
0.034
0.039
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.004
0.004
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.010
0.009
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Acrolein (ib/hr): Post-Catalvst
0.000
0.000
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Run 13
Run 14
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
989
989
FTIR Measured Emissions (ppm, Wet)
Water-HjO
90163
89386
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
81320
72,821
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.444
8.725
COM
101.843
95,237
COLO
81.320
72.821
Carton Dioxide-C03 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
68906
6B865
Csuti on Dioxidc-C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
70293
70979
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
905.014
1222.582
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
695.230
940.595
Nitrogen D:oxidr-NQ: (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
25.713
34.351
Nitrogen Dioxide-NOj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
353,108
487.869
Nitrous Oxide-NjO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.521
0.492
NitrousOxide-N.O (ppm): Post-Catalysl
0.000
0.000
Ammoma-NH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Ammonia-NHj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
930.728
1256.934
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOji (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1048.336
1428.464
Methane-CHj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
30.056
30.633
Methane-CH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
1.206
Acetylene-CjHj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Acety1ene-CjH2 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Ethylene-C2H4 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.983
1,547
Ethykne-CjH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Ethane-CjHj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.592
1.728
Ethane-CjH,, (ppm): Post-Catalysl
4,195
4.938
Cyclopropene-CjH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.003
0.000
Cyelopropene-CjHi (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0,000
0.000
Formaldehyde-HjCO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
2.584
2,340
Formaldehyde-H-CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.027
0,013
Mcthanol-CH,OH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Methanol-CH3OH (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Propane-CjHj (ppm); Ptc-Catalysi
0.000
0.000
Propane-CjHj (ppm): Post-Catalysl
2.392
3.036
Sulfur Dioxide-SO} (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
7.255
7.873
Sulfur Dioxide-SO; (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.409
3.325
Total Hycrocarfcons-THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
37.714
37.661
Total Hvdrocarbori5-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1,456
1.316
Acetaidchyde-CHjCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.264
2.112
Acrolein CHj»CHCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.509
0.390
Acrolein CH2™CHCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.242
0.229
1 -3 Butadiene (ppm): Past-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Isobutylene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.002
0.000
Isobutylene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
87.16%
88.02%
1 Formaldehyde-HiCO.(%)
98.94%
99.43%
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
PAH 2
PAH 3
PAH 10
Dynamometer Torque {ft-lb)
2018
2019
2884
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
691
615
988
BSFC (btu/bhp-hr)
7731
6425
7611
Engine Speed (rpm)
1799
1600
1800
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
21.00
21.00
21,00
A/F (Wet) Carbon Balance
31.4
27.5
28.5
Pressures
Air Manifold (in. Hg)
5.00
5.00
4,99
Lube Oil (psig)
67.50
66.13
66.70
Intereooler Supply (psi)
14.73
14.79
14,69
Intereooler Air Differential ("HjO)
10.96
8,57
14.36
Intereooler Water Differential ("H20)
86.54
89.17
81.21
Post Intereooler Air Manifold (psii)
28.67
25.15
38.31
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust ("Hg)
15.34
15.35
11.47
Pre Turbo Right Exhaust ("Hg)
12.09
9.08
19.12
Post Turbo Exhaust ("Hg)
4.94
5,05
5.02
Right Turbo Oil (psig)
66.33
65.31
65.67
Tuibo Differentia] Right->Left ("HjO)
1534
15.35
11.47
Fuel Pre Pump ("ILO)
124.55
133.17
124.29
Fuel Post Pump (psi)
72.73
72.68
70.92
Catalyst Differential ("HjO)
9.39
6.45
16.55
Temperatures (*F>
Air Manifold
99.4
99.6
99.5
Fuel Manifold
121.1
112.0
127.2
Jacket Water Inlet
190.0
190.8
188.0
Jacket Water Outlet
194-5
194.8
194.0
Lube Oil Inlet
212.4
210.0
213.9
Lube Oil Outlet
227.9
224.7
230.6
Lube Oil Cooling Water In
191.9
192.6
189.9
Intereooler Air Out
150.0
149.2
159.4
Intereooler Water In
SF*
SF*
SF*
Intereooler Water Out
135,0
133,8
137,1
Exhaust Header
727.9
768,8
768,0
Pre Turbo Left Exhaust
466.0
433.6
586.8
Pre Tuibo Right Exhaust
988.2
1044.1
1084.1
Post Turbo Exhaust
798-6
858-3
835.2
Post Turbo Left Air
264.4
231.9
344.0
Post Turbo Right Air
267.3
234.7
345.1
Fuel Pre Pump
124.6
133.2
124.3
Fuel Post Pump
72.7
72.7
70.9
Pre-Catalyst
778.6
829.6
817.1
Post-Catalyst
784.0
837.2
819.5
Flow Measurements
Intake Air (scftn)
1648.4
1301.7
2149.9
Exhaust Flaw (scfm)
2089.7
1359.6
2677.6
Jacket Water Flow (gpm)
249.9
250.5
247.9
Intereooler Water (8pm)
123.9
124.2
124.0
Fuel Flow Measurements
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
10221
10221
10221
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
9609
9609
9609
Fuel Flow (Ib/hr)
274
202
385
Fuel Consumption (gal/hr)
37.3
27.6
1 52,5
* SF - Sensor Failure
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
PAH 2
PAH 3
PAH 10
Annubar Flow Rates
Wet Air Flow (scftit)
1648.4
1301.7
2149.9
Exhaust Flow (scfm)
2089.7
1359.6
2677.6
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
Dry Bulb Temperature (°F)
63.8
73.0
68.9
Relative Humidity (%)
72.1
54.9
66.3
Absolute Humidity (Mb)
0-0111
0.0116
0.0122
Absolute Humidity
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class; Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
PAH 2
PAH 3
pah in
Brake Hor sepower (bhp)
m
61S
988
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1493.75
1867.61
1227.00
NO* (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1413.12
1852.98
1240.57
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
73.63
141.14
76.62
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.13
23.18
20.48
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
34.25
86.97
40.06
THC (ppra): Post-Catalyst
4.71
5.96
4.77
Oj %: Pit Catalyst
11.10
10.10
10.73
Oj %: Post-Catalyst
11.20
10.06
10.69
CO, %: Pit-Catalyst
6.79
7.79
7.51
CO; %: Post-Catalyst
6.87
7.74
7.65
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalysi
12.06
12.35
21.74
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
5.06
11.25
9.13
Non-Methane (ppm)! Pre-Catalys:
3.90
9.28
11,07
Non Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
3.62
1.43
1.53
F-Factor Emissions Calculations
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
12.639
11.921
9.847
NO, (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
19.265
16.164
21.457
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
11.957
11.828
9.956
NO, (ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
18.225
16.037
21.695
THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.103
0.197
0.114
THC (Vb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.156
0.267
0,248
THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.014
0.013
0.014
THC (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.022
0.018
0.030
CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.385
0.557
0.380
CO (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.587
0.755
0.829
CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.105
0.091
0.102
CO (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.161
0.124
0,221
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.040
0.031
0.068
Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.060
0.042
0.148
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.017
0.028
0.029
Methane (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.025
0.038
0.062
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.035
0.064
0.095
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.054
0.086
0.207
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.033
0.010
0.013
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.050
0.013
0.029
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.009
0.011
0.015
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.013
0.015
0.033
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.001
0.000
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.002
0.001
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.010
0.006
0.011
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.015
0008
0-024
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalysl
0.015
0.014
0.023
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.023
0.01 S
0.050
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.004
0.005
0.008
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.006
0,006
0.017
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acrolein (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
-------
Colorado State University
August 31,1999 -September 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbocharged-Aftercooled Engine
Caterpillar
MEASURED EMISSIONS
PAH 2
PAH 3
PAH 10
Brake Horsepower (bhp)
691
61S
988
FT1R Measured Emissions (ppm, Wet)
Water-H20
86521
92198
91493
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
74.478
137.440
138.770
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
12.422
16.895
9.970
COHi
97.777
153.523
99.403
COLO
74.478
137.440
80,104
Carbon Dioxidt-COj (ppm); Pre-Caralyst
66344
72175
7077!
Carbon Diaxidc-COj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
681 IS
75348
71172
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Pec-Catalyst
1283.864
1600.593
1127.328
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
950.788
1175.614
858,841
Nitrogen Dioxide-NOj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
59.042
40.353
28.417
Nitrogen Dioxide-N02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
624.772
769.842
434.054
Nitrous Oxide-N2Q (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.516
0,473
0.493
Nitrous Oxide-NjO (ppni): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ammoma-NH; (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0,000
0.000
0.000
Ammonia-NHj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Oxides ofNitrogen-NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1342.905
1640.945
1155,724
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1575.560
1945.455
1292.894
Methane-CH< (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
30.539
30,604
30.410
Methane-CH, (ppm): Pcsi-Caulyst
0.024
0.027
0.000
Acet\:ene-C,H3 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.016
0.000
Acetylrr.e-CjHj (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ethyletie-CjH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.953
2.141
2.020
Ethyl ene-C:H4 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ethane C^H. (ppm); Pre-Cataiyst
1.487
1,504
1,415
Rthane-C?H<, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.132
5.597
3.293
Cyclopropene-CiHs (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.042
Cyclopropene-CjH« (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0,000
Fomuldehyde-HjCO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.435
2.301
2.610
Formildehyde-HjCO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0,000
0,254
0.065
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.022
0.001
0.026
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
5.000
0.000
Prop*ne-CjHs (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0,000
0.000
Propane-CjHj (ppm): Post-CataJyst
2.478
3,900
0,116
Sulfur Dioxide-SOj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
8.781
10.263
9.162
Sulfur Dioxide-SO, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.518
1-948
3.680
Total Hydroearbons-THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
35.854
37.632
39.419
Total Hydrocaibons-THC (ppm); Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm)". Pre-Catalyst
1.078
0.890
1.302
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm); Post-Catalyst
1.664
1.982
2.684
Acrolein CHj-CHCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.317
0.546
0.703
Acrolein CH-=CHCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.189
0.015
0.666
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Isobutylene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0,005
lsobutvlene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.000
0.000
0.000
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
83.32%
87.71%
92.82%
Formaldehyde-HjCO (%)
100.00%
88.95%
97.53%
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX B
BASELINE
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1-1 Baseline Check -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number; Run 1-1 Baseline
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
13:09:01
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE LEFT ('1120)
15,36
15.36
15.36
0,00
0.00
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.11
1797.50
1800.63
0.44
C.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
987.96
934.83
990.99
1.16
0.12
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
112.02
110.00
113.00
0.77
0.69
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ( H20)
127,78
123.13
131.88
1.84
1.44
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
72.04
69.30
74.53
1.04
1.44
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4465.95
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
4449.51
FUEL FLOW (lb/hr)
197.27
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
26.88
ENGINE TORQUE
2884.08
2875.00
2892.50
3.30
0.11
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
89.73
88.00
91.00
0.53
0.5S
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
139.86
138.00
141.00
0.47
0.33
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
188.07
188.00
189.00
0,26
0.14
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
194.05
194.00
195.00
0.22
0.12
JACKET WATER FLOW
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1-1 Baseline Check -
100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number; Run 1-1 Baseline
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
13:09:01
Duration (minutes):
5,00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
126.01
125,00
127.00
0.47
0.37
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.35
13.14
15,17
10.59
2,66
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
809.23
808.00
810.00
0.71
0.09
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (P)
813.68
812.00
815.00
0.77
0.09
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
16 54
16.30
16.73
0.07
0.42
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0,9?
0.95
0.99
0.01
1.12
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.26
0.25
0.26
0,00
0.44
B.S. NO
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1-2 Baseline check -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 1-2 Baseline
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/02/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
12:50:24
5.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE LEFT ( H20) 12.50
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1800.74
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 988.85
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F) 121.01
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE {"H20) 126.96
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi) 70.93
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb) 4383.75
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb) 4361.83
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr) 263.02
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr) 35,83
ENGINE TORQUE 2884,06
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
¦ ¦— I»I Iiw 1-HL.- I IU u I I U>I lu u I ih#i III I m u 1# i i II II W-m i. u n I m
Test Description; Run 1-2 Baseline check -
100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 1-2 Baseline
Date:
09/02/99
Time:
12:50:24
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
124.91
124,00
126.00
0.55
0.44
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.29
13.42
14.91
7.80
1.97
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
808.60
807,00
810.00
1.15
0.14
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
812.89
811.00
815.00
1,21
0.15
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE {"H20)
16.63
• 16.43
16.88
0,09
0.55
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
6.29
0.96
6,65
1.18
18.75
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
1.76
0.27
1.86
0.33
18.74
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0,00
0,00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
174.84
27.05
165.02
32.73
18,72
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
183.61
28,30
193.94
34,37
18.72
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
4,62
0,70
4.89
0.80
17.34
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0,29
0.04
0.30
0,05
19.07
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.46
0.46
0.46
0,00
0,00
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.76
0.10
0.84
0.16
20.96
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.71
10.70
10.80
0.03
0.24
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.70
10.70
10,70
0.00
0.00
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
75,11
73.30
76.20
0.74
0.98
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.91
20.70
21.30
0.15
0,72
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.29
7.23
7.35
0.02
0.26
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.25
7.22
7.28
0.01
0.20
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm); Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
741.74
731.10
753.30
5.62
0.76
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
770.60
762.40
782.20
4.93
0.64
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1271.73
1266.50
1291.90
9.73
0,77
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1324.64
1308.40
1342,40
8,49
0.64
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
84.21
83.00
86,60
0.94
1.11
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
5.23
5.20
5.30
0.05
0.89
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
9.49
0.10
10.60
3.31
34.87
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
18.16
16.10
19.30
1.54
8.46
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
3.37
3.20
3.40
0.08
2,26
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1.90
1.90
1.90
0,00
0.00
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
13.43
2.06
14.18
2.51
18.73
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
3.73
0.58
3.95
0.70
18.71
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0,00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
1.37
1,37
1,39
0.01
0.70
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
10.50
6.09
16.52
2.62
24.96
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
9,63
1.48
10.31
1.81
18.75
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.61
0,09
0.64
0.10
17.30
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
O.OO
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX C
QC CHECK
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Interna!
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1 QC -100% Load 1BCORPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 1 QC Date: 08/31/99 Time: 10:06:39
Duration (minutes): 5,00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
73.00
73.00
73.00
0.00
0,00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
47.39
45.00
53.00
2.78
5.87
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.98
4.94
5,03
0.02
0.34
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
34.27
32.00
36.00
1.23
3.59
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ltWlbA)
0.0143
0,0129
0.0159
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
100.08967
99,00000
102.00000
0.68
0.68
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
2149.88
214S.88
2149,88
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
969,81
968.00
972.00
1,18
0.12
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
915.79
913.00
918.00
1.23
0.13
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1030.87
1029.00
1033.00
1,17
0.11
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
953.64
952.00
955.00
0.84
0.09
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
962.51
961.00
964,00
0,63
0.07
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1023.18
1022.00
1025.00
0.87
0.08
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
987.03
984.00
990.00
1.58
0.16
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
983.55
980,00
990.00
2.79
0.28
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F)
978.30
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
762,80
762.00
763.00
0.40
0.05
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
10.27
6.82
15.36
1.86
18.16
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE {"Hg)
18.99
18,68
19.31
0.14
0.74
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
587.12
583.00
592.00
2.19
0.37
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1079.68
1078.00
1081,00
0.85
0.Q8
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.09
493
5.05
0.28
0,41
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
828.02
827.00
829.00
0.38
0.05
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
342.29
342.00
343.00
0.46
0.13
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
343.02
343.00
344.00
0.14
0.04
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig)
65.56
60,00
72.94
2.80
4.28
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT->LEFT ('H20)
10.27
6.82
15.36
1,86
18,18
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.68
1798.75
1801.25
0.37
0.02
. ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
988.03
984.48
991.34
1.01
0.10
FUEL TEMPERATURE
73.89
71,88
75.86
0.69
0.93
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4763.68
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
4745.41
FUEL FLOW (Ib/nr)
210.18
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
29,86
ENGINE TORQUE
2883.36
2872.50
2602.50
2.87
0.10
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1 QC -100% Load 180QRPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 1 QC
Description Average
Date:
Min
08/31/99
Max
Time:
Duration (minutes):
STDV
10:06:39
5.00
Variance
1NTERCOOIER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
122.86
122.00
124.00
0.47
0.38
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.48
13.72
15.14
6,89
1.72
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
807.73
806.00
809.00
0.55
0.07
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
811.59
810.00
812.00
0.62
0.08
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
16.64
16.48
16.83
0.06
0.39
B.S, CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
2.19
0.70
4.91
1.97
89.93
B.S, CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.61
0.20
1.39
0.56
91.50
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
B.S, NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S, NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
62.86
20.69
141.59
57.06
90.76
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
59.88
19.72
135.12
54.29
90.66
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.54
0.18
1.24
0.49
91.83
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.07
0,02
0.17
0.07
98.03
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.10
0.03
0.24
0.10
93.96
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.10
0.03
0.21
0.09
86.42
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.12
0.03
0.21
0.09
74.26
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.60
10.60
10,60
0,00
0.00
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.70
10.70
10.70
0.00
0.00
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
72.66
71,80
73,80
0.66
0.91
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
21.40
21.10
21.70
0.15
0.69
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.21
7.15
7.21
0.02
0.22
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.44
7.42
7.47
0.01
0.12
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0,00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
743.68
733.80
752.90
5.05
0.68
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
739.02
732,30
747.90
4.10
0.55
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1289.13
1276.10
1305.00
8.60
0.67
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1267.85
1255.40
12^2.10
6,84
0.54
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
28.45
28.00
29.00
0.35
1.24
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.10
4.00
4.20
0.03
0.76
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.30
7.20
7.30
0.01
0.17
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.82
0.20
6.80
3.22
114.30
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1.79
1.50
1.80
0.05
2.69
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
21.40
21.40
21.40
0.00
0.00
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
6.01
1.96
13.60
5 46
90,74
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
1.82
0.59
4.03
1.63
89.94
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
1.51
1.38
1.74
0.18
11.93
NOx F Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
1.53
0.49
3.42
1.37
90.02
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.22
0.07
0.50
0,20
90.37
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 2 QC - 70% Load 1800RPM
21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 2 QC
Date:
. 09/01/99
Time:
18:30:43
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
73.00
73.00
73.00
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
59.79
58.00
62.00
1,13
1.90
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE <"Hg)
5.00
4.96
5.03
0.01
0.29
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY <%)
35.73
34.00
37.00
0.B0
2.24
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ItWIM
0.0146
0.0133
0.0159
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
99.41060
98.00000
101.00000
0.65
0.65
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
1652.05
1639.97
1664.91
4.54
0.27
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
599.83
808.00
902.00
0.90
0.10
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
850.34
848.00
853.00
1.29
0.15
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
963.05
061.00
965.00
1.12
0.12
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE. (F)
879.42
878.00
882.00
0.84
0.10
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
888.44
887.00
891.00
1.05
0.12
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
946.34
944.00
950.00
1.31
0.14
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
887.34
885.00
889.00
1.18
0.13
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
893.70
892.00
896.00
0.89
0.10
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F>
901.06
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
729.24
727.00
730.00
0.96
0.13
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE <"Hg)
15.35
14.16
15.36
0.10
0.63
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
12.09
11.72
12.56
0.19
1.60
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
495.67
494.00
500.00
1.55
0.31
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
985.30
984.00
987.00
0.81
0.08
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.99
4.94
5.03
0.24
0.36
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
798.17
797.00
799.00
0.69
0.09
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
264.89
264.00
265.00
0.31
0.12
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
267.54
267.00
268.00
0.50
0.19
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig)
66.59
62.06
70.88
2.26
3.40
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT->LEFT <'H20)
1S.35
14.16
15.36
0,10
0.63
ENGINE SPEED
691.60
687.78
696.35
1.98
0.20
FUEL TEMPERATURE(F)
110.00
110.00
110.00
0.00
0.00
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
128.24
123.28
132.66
1.96
1.53
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 2 QC - 70% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 2 QC
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/01/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
18:30:43
5.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCOQLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE fH20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-tir): Pre-Catalyst
B.S, CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
8.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (s/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm); Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pra-Catatyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
132.44
14.57
776.98
781.91
9.32
I.04
0.27
0.00
O.QO
0.00
0.00
34.31
31.73
0.28
0.04
0.20
0.12
0.02
0.02
II.10
11.20
73.77
20.12
6.72
6.86
0.00
0.00
895 32
853.13
1480.68
1396.63
31.53
4.80
28.28
18.60
5.59
9.79
2.12
0.58
0.00
0.00
4.34
1.04
0.58
0.09
0.00
0.00
131.00
13.81
774.00
780.00
8.18
I.02
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
34.06
31.49
0.28
0.04
0.17
0.12
0.02
0.01
II.10
11.20
72.60
19.70
6.68
6.82
0.00
0.00
891.00
847.50
1471.50
1390.80
30.80
4.80
24,70
18.60
1.00
5.40
2.08
0.57
0.00
0.00
3.96
0.60
0,57
0.09
0.00
0.00
134,00
15.30
779.00
783.00
9.45
I.06
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
34.52
32.01
0.29
0.04
0.61
0.12
0,02
0.02
II.10
11.20
74.80
20.40
6.74
6.88
0.00
0.00
902.50
860,30
1491,00
1405.40
31.90
4,90
87.60
18.80
11.20
11.90
2.16
0.60
0.00
0.00
4.88
1.62
0.59
0.09
0.00
0,00
0.57
8.76
1.69
1.26
0,06
0.01
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.12
0.00
0,00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,76
0.15
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
2.78
3.18
5,05
3.84
0,35
0 02
16.40
0.00
5,02
3.05
0.02
0.01
0.00
Q.OO
0.22
0.25
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
2.17
0.22
0.16
0.64
1.26
1.68
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.36
0.37
1.71
0.00
56.78
0.00
0.00
28.04
0.00
0,00
1.03
0.74
0.44
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.37
0,34
0.28
1.10
0.37
56.00
0.00
89.82
31.19
1.15
0.93
0.00
0.00
5.06
24.35
0.96
0.59
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 3 QC - 70% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 3 QC
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/02/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
09:49:01
5.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 60.00 69.00 69.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 59.87 58.00 60.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE <"Hg> 5.00 4.96 5.03
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY {%} 36.8? 36.00 38.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Itv/lb.) 0,0151 0.0141 0.0183
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 09.50331 98.00000 101.00000
INTAKE AiR FLOW (scfm) 1302.80 1290.84 1314.47
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 940.06 938.00 942.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 857,54 855.00 860.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 974.05 972.00 976.00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 885.68 884.00 887.00
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 913.81 913.00 916.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 934.50 932.00 938.00
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 931.46 930.00 933.00
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 905.84 904.00 907.00
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F) 917.87
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F) 768.95 768.00 769.00
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg) 15.35 14.87 15.36
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg> 9.07 8.72 9.38
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 434.59 432.00 437,00
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1044.49 1042.00 1047.00
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg) 5.05 4,96 5.08
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 857.09 858,00 858.00
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 231.77 231.00 232.00
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE LEFT ('H2C) 15.35 14,87 15 36
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1599.71 1599,38 1601.25
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 614.93 612,86 616.15
FUEL TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description; Run 3 QC - 70% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 3 QC
Description Average
Date:
Min
09/02/99
I
Max
Time:
Duration (minutes}:
STDV
09:49:01
5.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
133.48
133.00
134,00
0.50
0.38
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.80
14.24
15.27
4.93
1.20
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
829,55
828,00
830.00
0.53
0.06
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
836.89
836.00
837.00
0.31
0.04
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20>
6.46
6.35
6.60
O.OS
0.92
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
11.42
11.08
11.64
0.16
1.42
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Posi-Cataiyst
1.83
1.78
1,87
0.02
1.32
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0,00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
245.15
243.59
247.44
0.91
0.37
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
242.51
240,12
244.28
0.98
0.40
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
3.01
2,88
3.15
0.07
2.32
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.00
0.79
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
0.11
0.10
0.13
0.01
12.52
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
10.19
10.10
10.20
0.03
0.33
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.07
10.00
10.10
0.05
0.46
CO (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
140.68
13S.40
143.20
2.00
1.42
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
22.30
21.70
22,70
0.29
1.31
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.83
7,77
7.83
0.01
0.12
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.73
7.72
7.75
0.01
0.07
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
1015.59
1009.70
1021.50
3.59
0,35
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
078.05
968.40
984.30
3.80
0.39
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1837.61
1826.10
1846.90
6,48
0.35
NOx (ppm); Post-Catalyst
1790.60
1774.50
1803,60
6,99
0.39
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
56.89
54.50
59.60
1,33
2.34
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
5.68
5.60
5.80
0.05
0.94
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
16.10
16.10
16.10
0.00
0.00
Non-Methane (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
9,33
8.60
10.30
0.83
8.85
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0,00
0.00
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
24.84
24.11
25.32
0.35
1.39
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
3.89
3.79
3.96
0.05
1.27
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catafyst
0,00
0,00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
8.70
5.66
11.83
1.90
21.81
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor; Pre-Catalyst
6,43
6.17
6.75
0.14
2.24
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.64
0.63
0.65
0.01
0.90
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 4 QC - 100% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Date Point Number: Run 4 QC Date:
Description
Average
Min
09/01/99 Time: 10:55:00
Duration (minutes): 5.00
Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY {%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (1Mb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F)
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE {" Hg)
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 4 QC -100% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 4 QC Date: 09/01/99 Time: 10:55:00
Duration {minutes): 5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
132.70
132.00
133.00
0.41
0.31
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE l.psi)
14.46
12.96
15.30
11.22
2.80
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
879.81
879.00
881.00
0.68
0.08
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
884.07
883.00
885.00
0.56
0.06
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
10.96
10.83
11.18
0.08
0.71
B.S. CO {g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
10.83
1,65
11,60
2.17
20.07
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Cataiyst
1.75
0.27
1.94
0.35
20,10
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
213.45
33.49
225.31
42.71
20.01
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
200.63
31.13
211.48
40.19
20.03
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
0.99
0.15
1.09
0.22
22.59
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.24
0.03
0.27
0.06
23.45
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catatyst
0.27
0.04
0.30
0.06
22.08
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S, Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
0.15
001
0.22
0.07
47.50
B.S, Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.03
0.02
0,04
0.01
35.29
02 (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
9.40
8.40
9.50
0.02
0.17
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
9,40
9.40
9.50
0,02
0.17
CO (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
146.28
143.20
149,40
1,57
1.08
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
23.43
23.10
24.90
0.25
1.05
C02 (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
8,21
8.20
8 26
0,03
0.31
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
8.15
8.13
8.18
0.01
0.09
NO (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Cataiyst
907,61
902.20
917.80
3.05
0.34
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
844.40
838.20
849.90
2.43
0.29
NOx (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
1756.05
1746.00
1766.70
5.36
0.31
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1635.05
1622.20
1646.50
5.44
0.33
THC (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
20,95
20.10
21,60
0.40
1.89
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
5.11
5.10
5.20
0.02
0.47
Methane (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
7.61
7,60
7,70
0.03
0,33
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
13,30
7.70
18.90
5,54
41.65
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2,55
2,10
3.60
0.67
26.26
CO F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
22.82
3.53
24.68
5.15
22.55
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
3.66
0.57
4.11
0.83
22.57
NO F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
17.02
5.71
23.09
3.12
18.36
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.51
Q.21
0.82
0.23
45.90
THC F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
2,12
0.32
2.29
0,43
20.09
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.52
0.08
0.56
0.10
20.06
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 9 QC -100% Load 18G0RPM 21BTDC 140AMT
Data Point Number: Run 9 QC
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
22:20:17
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
65.00
65.00
65.00
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12,06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
73,48
71.00
75.00
0.97
1.32
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.99
4.95
5.03
0.02
0.33
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
35.87
35.00
37.00
0.53
1.49
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ItWIb*)
0.0142
0.0133
0 0154
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
98.28477
97.00000
100.00000
0.71
0.72
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
2140.88
2149.88
2149.88
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER t EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
989.23
955,00
066.00
2.31
0.24
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
007.88
906.00
911.00
1.21
0.13
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1007.99
1006.00
1010.00
1.17
0.12
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
941,24
939.00
945.00
1.53
0.16
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
948.15
947.00
950.00
0.75
0.08
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1007.93
A
1006.00
1011.00
0.95
0.09
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
968.66
W
966.00
972.00
1.35
0.14
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
967,27
965.00
970.00
1.14
0.12
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F)
963.54
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
752,22
750.00
754.00
1.03
0.14
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
10.09
6.66
15.29
1.93
19.13
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
19.28
18.94
19,69
0.13
0.65
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
572,07
570.00
574.00
0.90
0,16
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1060.06
1058.00
1062.00
0.91
0.09
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
5.10
5.05
5.15
0.26
0.38
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
814.75
813.00
816.00
0.64
0.08
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
338.85
338.00
340.00
0.47
0.14
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
340.04
339.00
341.00
0.34
0.10
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (pslg)
65.60
61.22
72.66
2.59
3.95
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT->LEFT fH20)
10.09
6.66
15.29
1.93
19.13
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.74
1798.75
1801.25
0.43
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
987.84
985,00
990.48
1.11
0.11
FUEL TEMPERATURE(F)
132.02
132.00
133.00
0.14
0.11
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
119.09
115.70
122.19
1.51
1.26
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
70.84
68.98
73.13
0.90
1.27
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
3536.23
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
3510.65
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr)
306.86
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
41.81
ENGINE TORQUE
2882.72
2875.00
2890.00
3.16
0.11
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
86.40
85.00
88.00
0.57
0.66
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
137.91
137.00
139.00
0.51
0.37
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
187.03
0
187.00
188.00
0.18
0.10
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE
139.15
137.00
141.00
0.90
0.64
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psis)
38.00
37.92
38.11
0.05
0.14
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20)
77.51
65.16
86,81
4.59
5.92
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
118.80
113.44
123.94
2.48
2.09
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
95.70
93.00
99.00
1.30
1.35
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 9 QC -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 140AMT
Data Point Number: Run 9 QC
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
22:20:17
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
104.76
103.00
107.00
1.16
1.11
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
13.82
12.70
14,82
14.43
3.77
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
796.56
795.00
799.00
1.37
0.17
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
799.70
798.00
802.00
1.32
0,17
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
16.80
16.63
16.98
0.07
0.42
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
6.02
5.82
6.11
0.06
1.06
B.S. CO (gfchp-hr): Post-Catalyst
1.67
1.63
1.70
0.01
0.86
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
159.71
157.95
160.86
0.57
0.36
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
150.46
158.56
160.30
0.45
0.28
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
2.11
2.08
2.16
0.02
0.99
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post Catalyst
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.00
1.38
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
1.48
1.47
1.49
0.01
0.38
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.69
0.69
0.69
0 00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.31
0.26
0,33
0.03
9.47
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
11.00
11.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.90
10.90
10.90
0.00
0.00
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
69.70
66.90
70.80
0.84
1.20
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
19.55
19.10.
19.80
0.15
0.79
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.37
7.33
7.39
0.03
0.37
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.46
7.43
7.49
0.01
0.19
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
674.06
667.20
679.60
2.64
0.39
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
674.21
671,00
678.00
1.83
0.27
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1125.40
1115.60
1136.30
5.07
0.45
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1135.88
1127.00
1143.90
4.62
0.41
THC (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
37.63
36.90
38.50
0.38
1.01
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4,51
4.50
4.60
0,03
0.75
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
34.59
34.50
34.60
0.03
0.09
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
16.30
16.30
16.30
0.00
0.00
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
23.17
19.80
24.50
2.08
8.97
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
3.10
3.10
3.10
0.00
0.00
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
13.34
12.87
13.54
0.15
1.12
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
3,72
3.64
3.77
0.03
0.82
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
25.06
22 38
28.86
1.34
5.18
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
26.08
24.37
28.01
0.97
3,71
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
4.60
4.54
4.71
0.04
0.92
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.56
0.56
0.57
0.00
0.67
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.OO
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description; Run 10 QC -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 160AMT
Data Point Number: Run 10 QC
Description
Average
Min
Date: 08/31/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
18:31:50
5.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 73.48 73.00 75.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY <%) 61.95 61.00 65.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg) 4.99 4.95 5.03
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%} 34.42 33.00 36,00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lb^bA) 0.0142 0.0129 0.0155
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 99.64238 68 00000 101.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm) 2149.88 2149.88 2149.88
EXHAUST FLOW {scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 973,13 971.00 976.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 924.49 821.00 926.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE 159,36 157.00 161.00
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia) 38.23 38,16 38.30
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 80.8B 74,30 87.61
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM) 124.55 120.19 131.25
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F) 129.58 128.00 131.00
0.86
0.00
1.30
0.02
0.73
0.66
0.00
NA
1.37
1,18
1.36
1.32
0.85
0.97
2.13
0.98
0.50
2.34
0.16
3.28
1.16
0.26
0.91
0.11
0.27
2.44
2.34
0.36
1.24
0.00
1.71
0.97
3.50
0.57
0.51
0.00
0.00
6.55
1.74
0.11
0.48
0.47
0.63
0.76
0.04
2.78
2.03
0.90
1.16
0.00
2.10
0.36
2.13
0.66
0.00
NA
0,14
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.09
0.09
0.22
0.10
0.07
16.71
0.82
0.55
0,11
0.38
0.11
0.03
0.08
3.76
16,71
0.02
0,13
0.00
1.32
1.34
0.12
0.65
0.36
0.00
0.00
2.64
2.61
0.05
0.21
0,24
4.40
0,48
0.11
3.45
1.63
0.70
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 10 QC -100% Load 18Q0RPM 21BTDC 160AMT
Data Point Number: Run 10 QC
Description
Average
Min
Date: 08/31/99 Time:
Duration {minutes):
Max STDV
18:31:50
5,00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppin): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
137.42
14.67
815.44
819.41
16.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
a.oo
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
136.00
13.98
814.00
818.00
16.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
139.00
15.15
817.00
821.00
16.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
000
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
o.oo
Q.66
5,84
0.75
0.71
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Q 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.49
1.44
0.09
0.09
0 46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0-00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 11 QC-100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 11 QC
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
13:40:02
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
7900
79.00
79,00
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE {psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY {%)
45.00
45.00
45.00
0.00
0.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
5.00
4.95
5.06
0.02
0.40
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%>
36.37
36.00
37.00
0.48
1.33
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ltWlbA>
0,0150
0.0141
0.0159
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
99.68212
98.00000
101.00000
0.75
0.75
INTAKE AIR FLOW(scfm)
2149.88
2149.88
2149.88
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scftn)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT ('H20)
12.60
8.06
15.36
2.21
17.50
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.09
1797.50
1800.00
0,46
0.03
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
887.83
985.00
890.48
1.17
0.12
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
117.94
117.00
118.00
0.24
0.20
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE f H20)
126.53
122.34
130.39
1.88
1.48
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
71.31
68.20
74.22
1.04
1.46
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4341.74
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
4321.65
FUEL FLOW (Ibflir)
241.10
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
32.85
ENGINE TORQUE
2883,73
2875.00
2890,00
3.29
0.11
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
91,63
90.00
93.00
0.56
0.61
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
141.85
141.00
143.00
0.44
0.31
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
180.05
179.00
181.00
0.56
0.31
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
186.13
185.00
187.00
0.56
0.30
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
247.21
215.00
275.00
14.24
5.76
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
68.05
64.41
72.38
1.89
2.78
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
206.73
206.00
207,00
0.45
0.22
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
224.30
224.00
225.00
0.46
0.20
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
182.04
180.00
184.00
0.72
0.40
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
14,15
13.09
15.16
0.56
3.94
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
153.32
152.00
155.00
0.72
0.47
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
37,92
37.83
38.02
0.03
0.08
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
79.10
68.53
85.64
3.38
4.28
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
123.08
117.19
130.31
2.76
2.25
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
120.90
119.00
123.00
0.83
0.69
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 11 QC -100%
Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 11 QC
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
13:40:02
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Mln
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
129.46
128.00
131.00
0.73
0,56
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.37
13.63
15.11
8.37
2.10
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
809.89
809.00
811.00
0.37
0.05
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
813.60
813.00
815.00
0.51
0.06
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE f H20)
16.49
16.28
16 68
0.08
0,47
B.S, CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0,97
0.94
0.99
0.02
1.65
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.00
1.15
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Cataiyst
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
28,07
27.74
28,39
0.16
0.57
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
27.12
26.91
27,37
0.12
0.46
B.S, THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.00
1.08
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.03
0.03
0,04
0,00
13,97
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.08
0.01
0.12
0.05
63.30
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.56
10.50
10.60
0.05
0.47
OZ (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.62
10.60
10,70
0.04
0.40
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
74.39
71.80
75.80
1.20
1.61
CO (ppm): Posl-Catalyst
20.28
20.00
20.50
0.12
0.60
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.25
7.23
7.29
0.03
0.38
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.22
7.20
7.24
0.01
0.14
NO (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm); Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
748.21
741.30
756.90
4.27
0.57
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
725.38
719.40
732.90
3.41
0.47
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1304,61
1297,00
1316.50
5.14
0.39
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1255.35
1244.60
1266.60
5.61
0.45
THC (ppm). Pre-Cata!yst
29.8S
29.40
30.40
0.22
0.75
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.B0
4.60
4.60
0.00
0.00
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
15.04
15.00
15.20
0.08
0.55
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
12.33
3.00
18.60
7.64
61.94
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
18.76
18.70
18.90
0.09
0.50
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.91
3.40
8,60
1,77
22.35
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
2.03
1.97
2.07
0.03
1.50
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.56
0.55
0.57
0.00
0.79
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0 00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.52
0.51
0.53
0.00
0.85
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
1.11
Methane F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
O.OO
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 12 QC -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 12 QC
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/01/99 Time:
Duration {minutes}:
Max STDV
16:24:39
5.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 73,00 73.00 73.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12,06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 57.55 56.00 60.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg) 5.01 4.06 5.07
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) 36.64 35.00 38.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbvv/lbA) 0.0151 0.0133 0.0163
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 99.54305 87,00000 101.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm} 2149.88 2140.88 2149.88
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 996.19 693.00 999.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 905.45 903.00 907,00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1022.01 1019,00 1024.00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 951.43 949.00 954,00
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 953.70 951,00 956.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1012.98 1011.00 1016.00
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE 44.79
ENGINE TORQUE 2884.09 2877.50 2892.50
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 90.64 89.00 92.00
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 141.13 140.00 142.00
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 201.02 201.00 202.00
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 206.32 206.00 207.00
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM) 249.95 230.00 274.00
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig) 64.56 61.41 68.44
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F) 224.01 224.00 225.00
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 240.01 240.00 241.00
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (Fj 202.58 201.00 204.00
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE fH20) 14.23 13.22 15.09
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F) 147.71 145,00 152.00
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia) 38.05 37.92 38.16
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20) 82.68 70.31 91.27
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM) 121.16 114.75 128.06
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F) NA NA NA
0.00
0,00
1.01
0.02
0.99
0.77
0.00
NA
1,33
1,30
1.22
1.43
1.21
1.36
NA
0.75
0.00
1,26
0,15
2.40
0.92
0.27
0.40
0.44
0.27
2.45
1.26
0.46
1.15
0.14
1.61
0.88
3,30
0.64
0.61
0.14
0.47
13.23
1.62
0.08
0.08
0.59
0.55
1.04
0,05
3.65
2.26
NA
0.00
0.00
1.76
0.39
2.70
0.78
0.00
NA
0.13
0.14
0 12
0.15
0.13
0.13
NA
0.08
0.00
8,44
0.80
0.40
0.09
0.39
0.05
0.13
0.08
3.84
8.44
0.03
0.12
0.11
1.35
1.25
0.11
0.70
0.44
0,07
0.23
5.29
2.52
0.04
0.03
0.29
3.88
0.71
0.14
4.41
1.89
NA
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 12 QC -100% Load
1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 12 QC
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
16:24:39
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
120.55
120.00
122.00
0.56
0.47
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.2?
13.56
15.10
9.56
2.42
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
805.06
804.00
808.00
0.31
0.04
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
808.87
809.00
810.00
0,33
0.04
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20)
16.54
16.33
16,73
0.08
0.46
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.95
0.93
0.97
0.01
1.36
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.27
0,26
0.27
0.00
1.01
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
26.29
26.07
26.55
0.17
0.66
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
25.45
25.20
25.72
0.15
0.57
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.00
0.62
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.00
13.86
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.13
0.07
0.14
0.02
14.70
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0,03
0.02
0.03
0.00
19.33
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0,00
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.60
10.60
10,70
0.01
0.08
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.70
10.70
10,70
0.00
0.00
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
71.99
70.60
73.80
0.90
1.25
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20 64
20,30
21,00
0.17
0,80
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.17
7.17
7,17
0.00
0.00
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.20
7.18
7.21
0.01
0.09
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0,00
0,00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
700.04
694.40
710.60
4.66
0.67
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
684.87
678.40
692.20
3.83
0.56
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1210.37
1200,60
1221.40
8.00
0.66
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1175.26
1164.30
1186.20
6.08
0.52
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
34,66
34.20
35.30
0.21
0.60
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.60
4.60
4.60
0.00
0,00
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
21,74
11.50
22.70
3.15
14.50
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
6,15
6.10
6.20
0.05
0,81
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
16.40
13.30
18.80
2.71
16.51
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
5.83
5.70
590
0.10
1.64
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
1.98
1.94
2 03
0.02
1.26
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.57
0.56
0.58
0.00
0.83
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0,61
0.60
0.62
0.00
0.55
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
1.20
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
O.QO
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 QC -100% Load 1800RPM 19BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 13 QC
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
16:45:36
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
75,00
75.00
75.00
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE {psia)
12,06
12.06
12.06
0.00
D.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
53.88
53.00
55.00
0.99
1.85
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4,99
4.94
5.04
0.02
0.44
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
34.39
32.00
37,00
1.52
4.41
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IMbA)
0.0142
0.0125
0.0159
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
99.78738
98.00000
101.00000
0.63
0.63
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
2149.88
2140.88
2149,88
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
974.16
971.00
979.00
1.94
0.20
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
923,46
920.00
926.00
1.55
0.17
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1026.32
1022.00
1031.00
2.44
0.24
CYLINDER4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
955,12
952.00
959.00
1.98
0.21
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
969.14
967.00
972.00
1.14
0.12
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE {F>
1022,50
1017.00
1026.00
2.15
0.21
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT ('H20)
14,47
6.60
15.36
2.07
14.29
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799,69
1799.38
1801.25
0.36
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
988.85
985.85
992.19
1.19
0.12
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
108.91
108.00
109.00
0.28
0.26
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE <"H20)
135.37
131.02
139.69
1.69
1.25
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
72.82
69.84
74.77
0.89
1,23
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4937.20
FUEL TANK MASS FINALflb)
4920.76
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr)
197.28
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
26.88
ENGINE TORQUE
2885.74
2877.50
2895.00
3.36
0.12
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
88.79
67.00
90.00
0.64
0.73
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
140.19
139.00
142.00
0.55
0.40
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
188.05
188.00
189.00
0.21
0.11
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
194.43
194.00
195.00
0.50
0.25
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
247,57
232.00
263.00
7.54
3.05
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
66.85
63.28
70.97
1.61
2.41
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
214.07
214.00
215.00
0.26
0.12
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
230.99
230.00
231.00
0.08
0.04
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
190.14
189.00
192.00
0.61
0.32
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
14.51
13.47
15.66
0.64
4.38
INTERCOQLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
153.92
149.00
159.00
2.36
1.53
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
38.59
38.53
38.72
0.05
0.13
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
81,39
69.80
93.14
3.94
4.84
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
122.74
115.31
127.50
1.98
1.62
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
121.29
116.00
125.00
2.40
1.98
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 QC -100% Load 1800RPM 19BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 13 QC
Description
Average
Date: 08/31/99 Time: 16:45:36
Duration (minutes): 5.00
Min Max STDV Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCQOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalysl
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO* (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Nori-Methane (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm); Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor; Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
129.41
14.50
817.37
820.44
16.98
2.41
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
49.76
49.77
0.76
0.09
3.25
1.99
0.57
0.12
10.57
10.72
81.02
20.29
7.17
7.57
0.00
0.00
588.87
615.96
1028.51
1057.18
39.28
4.99
226.90
159.04
121.86
29.00
4.97
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.54
0.20
0.00
0.00
125.00
13.22
814.00
818.00
16.75
1.04
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.B0
21.32
0.33
0.04
1.47
0.64
0.23
0.05
10.50
10.70
78,70
20.00
7.00
7.53
0.00
0.00
575.50
605.80
1009.30
1039.70
38.90
4.90
226.90
103.70
113.70
29.00
2.14
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.09
0.00
0.00
133.00
15.29
820.00
823,00
17.15
7.53
1.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
152.09
146.97
2.31
0.28
10.06
9.34
1,70
0.38
10.60
10.80
84.80
20.60
7.21
7.61
0.00
0.00
599.90
622.90
1041.00
1066.40
40.50
5,10
227.00
223.60
125.40
29.00
15.39
3.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.67
0.61
0.00
0 00
2.30
9.24
1.75
1.35
0.07
2.54
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
52,36
51.99
0.80
0.10
3.45
2.14
0.60
0.13
0.05
0.04
1.51
0.11
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
5.85
4.21
9.89
6.84
0.36
0.04
0.02
59.84
3.70
0.00
5.23
1.32
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
1.62
0.21
0.00
0.00
1,78
2.30
0.21
0.16
0.41
105.48
106.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
105.22
104.46
106.13
104.92
105,90
107.30
105.17
110.19
0.44
0.38
1.86
0.56
0.47
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.99
0.68
0.96
0.65
0.91
0.78
0.01
37.63
3.04
0.00
105.32
105.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
105.18
104.55
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 14 QC -100% Load 1800RPM
23BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 14 QC
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
13:35:00
Duration (minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Mln
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 14 QC -100%
Load 180QRPM 23BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 14 QC
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
13:35:00
Duration
(minutes):
5.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
121.23
120.00
122,00
0.44
0.36
INTERCOOIER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.50
13.58
15.17
6.51
1.62
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
809.04
808.00
810.00
0.26
0.03
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
812.67
812.00
813.00
0.47
0.06
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20)
16.S7
16.40
16.76
0.06
. 0.39
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalys!
0.97
0.94
0.99
0.01
1.17
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.27
0.26
0.29
0.00
1.34
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g'bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
28.02
28.65
29.24
0.13
0.43
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
27.31
27.08
27.68
0.13
0.49
B.S. THC (g/Nip-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.29
0.2B
0.29
O.OO
0.62
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr}: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
1.14
0.63
1,21
0.19
16.59
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.40
10.40
10.40
0.00
0.00
02 {ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.60
10.60
10.60
0.00
0.00
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
73.94
72.60
75.80
0.84
1.14
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
21.95
21.50
23.60
0.35
1.59
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.22
7.21
7.27
0.02
0.24
C02 (ppm); Post-Catalyst
7,60
7.58
7.61
0.01
0.11
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
782.58
751.40
767.50
2.67
0.35
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
788,95
763.10
778.50
3.45
0.45
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1345.07
1333,10
1353.80
4.55
0.34
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1332.17
1320.90
1347.50
5.75
0.43
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
34.03
33.40
34.50
0.26
074
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
5.48
5.40
5.70
0.08
1.53
Methane (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
184.12
103.10
195.10
30.14
16.37
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
3,69
2.60
5.30
1.23
31,70
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.17
20.00
20.20
0.06
0.32
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
1.99
1.96
2.04
0.02
1.13
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.60
0.59
0.65
0.01
1.52
NO F-Faclor Pre-Catalyst
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0,00
o.oo
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.59
0.58
0.60
0.00
0.77
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
1.56
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.OO
Methane F-Factor; Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
-------
Colorado Sta te university
APPENDIX D
TEST POINTS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Date Point Number: Run 1
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
10:47:01
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
81.84
81.00
83.00
0.99
1,21
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
35.60
33.00
39.00
1.40
3.93
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.99
4.93
5.03
0.02
0.36
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY <%)
36.55 ,
35.00
39.00
0.70
1.92
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IM^a)
0.0171
0.0155
0.0190
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
103.64315
102.00000
105.00000
0.68
0.66
INTAKE AIR FLOW (sefm)
2148.86
2149.88
2140.68
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
974.32
970.00
977.00
1.44
0.15
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
923.94
921.00
928.00
1.44
0.16
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1033.56
1030.00
1036.00
1.50
0.15
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
956,19
051.00
959.00
1.30
0.14
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
965.52
963.00
968.00
0.97
0.10
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1028.10
1025.00
1031.00
1.14
0.11
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
990.33
986,00
994.00
1.46
0.15
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
989.53
983.00
994.00
3.13
0.32
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F)
982.70
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
767.42
767.00
768.00
0.49
0.06
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE {"Hg}
9.85
6.55
15.36
1.77
18.00
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
18,02
18.66
19.22
014
0.76
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
581.84
573.00
595.00
4.94
0.85
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1004.52
1082.00
1087.00
0.97
0.09
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.97
4.81
5.02
0.25
0.37
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F>
834.09
833.00
835.00
0.46
0,06
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
346.54
346.00
347.00
0.50
0.14
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
347.21
347.00
348.00
0.41
0.12
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig)
65,32
59.72
72.75
2,59
3.96
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT->LEFT CH20)
9.85
6.55
15,36
1.77
18.00
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.71
1799,38
1801.25
0.36
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (Mip)
988.34
985.00
991.34
0.98
0.10
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
105.51
103.00
112.00
2.66
2.52
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
129.20
124.77
133.28
1.53
1.18
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psl)
73.19
70.39
75.16
0.83
1.14
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4610,24
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
4498.82
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr)
202.58
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gul/Hr)
27.60
ENGINE TORQUE
2884.21
2875.00
2892.50
2.79
0.10
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
88.74
87.00
91.00
0.73
0.82
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
142.18
140.00
146.00
1.06
0.74
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
188.88
188.00
190.00
0.58
0.31
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
194,95
194.00
196,00
0.70
0.36
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
248.36
233.00
263.00
6.95
2.80
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
66.54
62.06
71.53
1.93
2,90
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
214.80
214.00
216.00
0.46
0.22
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run -100% Load 1800RPM
21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 1
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
10:47:01
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
127.02
128.00
129.00
0.67
0,52
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.4?
13.21
15.54
7.27
1.81
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
815,13
814.00
816.00
0.38
0.05
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 2 - 70% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 2
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
18:45:00
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
66,82
65.00
69.00
1.59
2.38
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
71.09
64,00
74.00
2.05
2.89
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
5.00
4,82
5.12
002
0.47
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
36.31
34.00
40.00
1.39
3.82
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Iby/lb*)
0.0142
0.0126
0.0167
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
97.85887
96.00000
100.00000
0.83
0.85
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
1654.12
1641.94
1668.19
4.26
0.26
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
898,08
894.00
902.00
1.81
0.20
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
850.49
846.00
856.00
2.15
0.25
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
963.26
959.00
967,00
1.76
0.18
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
878.27
872.00
884.00
2,33
0.27
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE £F)
687,85
884,00
892.00
2.00
0.23
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
944.33
940.00
948.00
1.85
0.20
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
890.67
886.00
895.00
' 2,23
0.25
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
893.87
888.00
901.00
2.25
0.25
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F)
900.85
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
726.77
723.00
729.00
1.58
0,22
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
15.35
13.95
15.36
0.08
0,49
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE (Tig)
12.09
11.72
12.47
0.16
1.36
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
500.08
476.00
519.00
10.76
2.15
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
986.01
980.00
991.00
2.35
0.24
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.93
4,50
4.99
0.57
0.84
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
796.97
793.00
801.00
1.72
0.22
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
263,42
262.00
266.00
0.57
0,22
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
265,87
265.00
268.00
0.67
0.25
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig)
66.55
61.88
72.19
2.29
3.44
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT->LEFT ('H20J
15.35
13.95
15.36
0.08
0.49
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.06
1797.50
1800.00
Q.40
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
691.56
686.07
696.35
2.13
0.31
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
109,92
109.00
110,00
0.27
0,26
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
127.05
119.45
133.13
2.31
1.82
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
73,87
70.86
76.41
0.99
1,33
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4263.20
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL (lb)
4162,74
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr)
182.66
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
24.89
ENGINE TORQUE
2018.87
2002.50
2032.50
6.22
0.31
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
82.58
80.00
86.00
1.01
1.23
OYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
119.01
117.00
122.00
0.95
0.80
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
189.62
189.00
191.00
0.73
0.38
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
193.81
193.00
1S6.00
0.71
0.36
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
250.46
232.00
268.00
10.90
4.35
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
67.37
63.47
72,75
1.75
2,60
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
211.60
211.00
213.00
0.58
0.27
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
227.35
227.00
228.00
0.48
0.21
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
191.41
190.00
194.00
0.82
0.43
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE fH20)
11.01
10.25
11,72
0.38
3.46
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
151.10
145.00
157.00
2.48
1.64
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
28.70
28.59
28.97
0.05
0.18
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20)
83.86
61.22
97.36
4.13
4.92
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
122.88
110.63
134.25
3.31
2.69
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 2 - 70% Load 1800RPM
21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 2
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
18:45:00
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
135.95
130.00
141.00
2.89
1.98
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.48
12.63
15,43
11.01
2.74
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
775.20
770.00
779.00
2.10
0.27
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
780.91
776.00
784,00
2.11
0.27
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
9.34
8,63
9.50
0.09
0.92
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
1.97
0.99
7.13
2.16
109.57
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.54
0.27
1.95
0.60
110.46
B.S. NO {g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
e.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
66.32
33.92
239.73
73.07
110.18
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
62.40
31.50
221.43
68.65
110.01
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.57
0.28
2.03
0.63
110.99
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.0B
0,04
0.29
0.09
114.07
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.23
0.07
1.16
0.30
128.68
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.13
0.08
0.71
0.15
111.81
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.02
0,01
0.09
0.02
119.44
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.02
0.01
0.04
0,01
74 54
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
11.11
11.00
11.20
0.03
0.27
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
11.22
11,20
11.30
0.04
0,33
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
73.21
69.90
76.70
1.56
2.13
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.42
19.80
20.90
0.16
0.79
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
6.73
6.68
6.80
0.03
0.44
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
6.87
6,80
6.92
0.02
0.35
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0,00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
913.08
882.20
938,00
14.34
1.57
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
874.81
849.20
894.30
11.99
1.37
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1507.17
1456,80
1541.00
23,49
1,56
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1427.81
1383.50
1456.50
20.13
1.41
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
32.09
31.30
33.20
0.58
1.80
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.78
4.70
4.90
0,04 ,
0.89
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
16.83
10.60
24.70
5.25
31.17
Methane (ppm); Post-Catalyst
13.39
12.30
18.60
1.54
11.50
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
5.25
1.00
8,90
2,78
52.94
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.36
0.40
9.00
3.56
81.65
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
4.04
2.02
14.65
4.42
109.30
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
1.15
0.58
4.10
1.26
109.69
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
8.36
3.29
30.44
6.70
80.17
NOx F-Factor; Post-Catalyst
2.76
0,15
8.72
1.25
45.47
THC F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
1.13
0,57
4.11
1.25
110.38
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0,17
0,09
0.61
0.19
109,52
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 2 PAH - 70% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 2 PAH
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/01/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
19:12:00
132.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 63.77 63.00 65.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 72.05 70.00 74.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE <"hg) 5.00 4.84 5.12
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY {%} 36.61 34.00 40.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IMM 0.0150 0.0134 0.0172
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 89.37831 98.00000 101.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm) 1648,43 1634.06 1667.53
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 896.77 892.00 903.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 851.28 846.00 857.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 965.88 959.00 971.00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 880.07 870.00 888.00
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 889.48 884.00 893.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 944.59 939.00 952.00
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 891.62 885.00 897.00
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT {'H20) 15.34 13.45 15.36
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1799.10 1797.50 1800.00
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 691.39 686.69 697.21
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F) 121.07 110.00 127.00
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE {"H20) 124.55 117.34 131.17
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi) 72.73 68.52 76.48
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb) 4181.00
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb) 3729 84
FUEL FLOW(Ib/hr) 205.07
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr) 27.94
ENGINE TORQUE 2018.34 2005.00 2035.00
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 81.41 80.00 83.00
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 117,53 116.00 119.00
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 189.97 189.00 192.00
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 194.55 194.00 196.00
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM) 248.93 231.00 267.00
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig) 67.50 63.19 72.75
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F) 212.42 212.00 213.00
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 227.95 227.00 229.00
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 191.32 190.00 194.00
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE !"H20) 10.96 10,19 11.72
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F) 150.03 145.00 155.00
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia) 28.67 28.55 28.88
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 86.54 42.56 98.58
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM) 123.94 108.75 141.56
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F) NA NA NA
0.97
0.00
1.14
0.02
1.18
0.67
5.17
NA
1.95
1.82
2.05
2.66
1.74
2.51
1.84
1.88
1.10
0.14
0.17
7.55
1.81
0.35
1.60
0.60
0.67
2.37
0.14
0.40
2.26
5.14
2.55
1.18
6.57
0.70
0.67
0.60
0.55
11.01
1.79
0.49
0,25
0.78
0.41
1.66
0.03
4.28
2.89
NA
1.53
0.00
1.58
0.32
3.23
0.68
0.31
NA
0.22
0.21
0,21
0.30
0.20
0.27
0.21
0.21
0.15
0.94
1.40
1.62
0.18
0.52
0.20
0.23
0.25
3.57
0.94
0.02
0.33
4.25
2.05
1.62
0.33
0.86
0.57
031
0.28
4.41
2.65
0.23
0.11
0.41
3.76
1.10
0.12
4.94
2 33
NA
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 2 PAH - 70% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 2 PAH
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/01/99 Time:
Duration {minutes):
Max STDV
19:12:00
132,00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
1NTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalys!
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalysl
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Cataiyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S, Non-Metharie (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NO* (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalysl
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor, Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor; Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
134.98
14.73
778.58
784.02
8.39
6.07
1.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
200.86
187.96
I.83
0.25
0.57
0.43
0.06
0.07
II.10
11.20
73.63
20,13
6.70
e.87
0.00
0.00
903.99
862,77
1493.75
1413.12
34.25
4.71
13.96
11.11
4,76
5,68
12.49
3.44
0.00
0.00
12.73
2.25
3.72
0.52
0.00
0.00
130.00
13.26
774.00
776,00
8.73
0.98
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
33.57
31.47
0.28
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.01
11.10
11.10
68.00
18.40
6.68
6.80
0.00
0.00
885.10
847.00
1466.60
1388.30
31.70
4.60
3.60
6.10
1.00
0.40
2.02
0.56
0.00
0.00
3.78
0.33
0.58
0.09
0.00
0.00
139.00
15,38
782.00
787.00
9.55
7.26
1.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
239.72
220.44
2,18
0.29
I.64
0.85
0.16
0.14
II.20
11.30
77.70
21.10
6.80
6.93
0.00
0.00
938.00
894.30
1541.00
1456,50
35.80
4.80
35.20
18.60
11.20
10.00
15.04
4.11
0,00
0.00
30.44
7.73
4.44
0,61
0.00
0.00
1,62
7.9B
1.65
I.51
0.07
2.05
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
68.96
64.57
0.64
0.09
0.46
0.21
0.04
0.05
0.00
0.01
1 42
0.38
0.03
0,02
0.00
0.00
8.8S
7.49
14,16
II.77
1.21
0.04
9.36
4.23
2.99
3.57
4.25
1.16
0.00
0.00
5.05
1.10
1.30
0.18
0.00
0.00
1.20
1.95
0.21
0.18
0.71
33.83
33.21
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
34.33
34 35
35.05
34,54
81.53
49.04
67.16
68.93
0.03
0.12
1.93
1.91
0,40
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.87
0.95
0.83
3.53
0.94
67.08
38.05
62.81
62.81
33.99
33.61
0.00
0.00
39.68
49.02
34.83
34.34
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 3 - 70% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 3
Description
Average
Date: 09/02/99 Time: 10:05:01
Duration (minutes): 33.00
Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 69.88
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psta) 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 58.75
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg) 5.00
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY {%) 35.41
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ltWlbA} 0.0145
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 9S.52823
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm) 1301.17
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 941.23
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 860.51
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 974.07
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 886.81
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 915.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 935.95
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 928.04
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 907.45
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F) 918.63
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F) 768.77
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE {"Hg! 15.35
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg) 9.09
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 434.64
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1043.99
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg) 5.05
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 858.04
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 231.78
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 234.56
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig) 65.18
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE R!GHT->LEFT (*H20) 15.35
ENGINE SPEED
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 3 - 70% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 3
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/02/99 Time:
Duration {minutes}:
Max STDV
10:05:01
33,00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx {corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr}: Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S, THC (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (fl/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NO* (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor; Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor; Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
134.35
14.76
829.68
837.27
6.43
11.44
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
250.74
251.09
3.99
0.34
0.84
042
0.11
0.08
10.11
10.06
140.42
24.18
7.80
7.73
0.00
0.00
1029.66
1013.03
1872.79
1853.50
75.18
6.41
20.43
10.39
9.00
2,31
24.67
4.23
0.00
0.00
10.00
7.68
8.45
0.72
0.00
0.00
132.00
13.85
826.00
833.00
5.80
10.66
1.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
244.74
246.03
3.63
0.33
0.28
0.12
0.04
0.08
10.10
10.00
130.30
23.30
7.71
7.66
0.00
0.00
1006.70
994.00
1835.90
1818.20
68.60
6.20
0.10
3.10
3.20
0.10
22.90
4.11
0.00
0.00
3.89
0.06
7.67
0.69
0.00
0.00
138.00
15.29
633.00
841.00
6.58
12.20
2.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
256.87
255.72
4.35
0.35
1.12
0.86
019
0.08
10.20
10.10
150.30
24.80
7.90
7.78
0.00
0.00
1057.30
1031.40
1911.50
1881.30
81.70
6.60
27,80
16.10
15.40
6.50
26.41
4,34
0,00
0.00
30.45
16.88
9.23
0.74
0.00
0.00
1.34
6.07
1.89
1.92
0.07
0.32
0.02
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.35
2.44
0.20
0.01
0.33
0.22
0.05
0.00
0.03
0.05
4.26
0.29
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
12.21
9.60
21,28
14.83
3.70
0.08
8.52
5.36
4.08
3.05
0.72
0.05
0.00
000
6.39
4.76
0.43
0.01
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.49
0.23
0.23
1.07
2,83
1.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
0.97
5.12
1.62
39.06
51.63
46.57
0.00
0.31
0.48
3.03
1.21
0.42
0.29
0,00
0.00
1.19
0.95
1.14
0.80
4.93
1.26
41.70
51.61
45.30
132.14
2.91
1.16
0.00
0.00
39.91
61.89
5,09
1.26
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 3 PAH - 70% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 3 PAH
Description
Average
Min
Date: 08/02/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
10:38:00
100.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 73,00 71.00 75.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY {%) 54.90 50.00 60.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE <"Hg) 5.00 4.S5 5.04
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) 35.60 32.00 39.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ib^/lb*) 0.0146 0.0125 0.0173
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 90.57903 88,00000 102.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm) 1301.74 1290.84 1313.16
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 941.53 938.00 946.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 862.87 855.00 871.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 973.70 969.00 979.00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 888.35 882.00 896.00
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 915.56 912.00 920.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 934,12 927.00 840.00
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 827.67 923.00 932.00
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 906.64 903,00 911.00
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F) 918.80
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F) ' 768.82 766.00 773,00
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE fH0) 15.35 14,74 15.36
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg) 9.08 8.81 9.38
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 433,58 428.00 441,00
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1044.15 1041.00 1048.00
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Ha) 5.05 4.96 5.09
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 858.33 856.00 862.00
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 231.89 231.00 233.00
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE LEFT <'H20) 15.35 14,74 15.36
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1599.68 1599.38 1601.25
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 615.04 512,86 616 91
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F) 111.98 105.00 119.00
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE fH20) 133.17 130.63 136.02
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi) 72.68 71.80 73.44
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb) 4732.62
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb) 4517.09
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr) 129,32
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/hr) 17,62
ENGINE TORQUE 2019.28 2012.50 2025,00
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 79,86 78,00 81.00
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 111,98 111.00 113,00
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 190.82 190.00 191.00
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 194,64 194,00 196.00
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM) 250.45 246.00 256.00
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig) 66.13 61.97 70.31
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F) 209.98 209.00 210,00
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 224.68 224.00 225.00
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 192.61 191.00 194.00
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 8.57 8.19 8.94
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F) 149.21 146,00 152.00
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia) 25.15 25.03 25.27
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 89.17 79.78 98.53
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM) 124.18 119.44 132.19
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F) NA NA NA
1.49
0.00
1.95
0.01
1.54
0,74
3.75
NA
1,56
3.22
1.99
2.85
1.55
2,07
1.80
1.42
1.26
0.04
0,11
2,67
1.21
0.21
1.33
0.45
0.48
3.01
0.04
0.32
0.67
5.55
1.15
0.32
2.14
0,68
0.84
0,39
0.37
1.62
1.61
0.16
0.47
0.66
0.19
1.05
0.04
2.80
0,81
NA
2.04
0.00
3,55
0.30
4.32
0.75
0.29
NA
0.17
0.37
0.20
0.32
0.17
0.22
0 19
0.16
0.16
0.24
1.21
0.62
0.12
0,31
0.15
0.19
0.21
4.60
0.24
0.02
0.11
4,96
0.86
0,44
0,11
0.86
0.57
0.20
0.19
0.65
2.44
0.07
0.21
0.34
2.17
0.70
0.16
3.14
0.65
NA
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 3 PAH - 70% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 3 PAH Date: 09/02/99 Time: 10:38:00
Duration (minutes): 100,00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
133.76
132.00
136.00
0.92
0.69
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 4 -100% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 4
Date:
09/01/99
Time:
11:16:01
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
75,43
73.00
77.00
1.64
2.18
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY {%)
48,58
45.00
55.00
3.54
7.14
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
5.00
4.94
5.07
0.02
0.33
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY {%)
36,68
34.00
40.00
1.15
3.14
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ib^/lb*)
0.0153
0.0133
0,0177
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
100.03024
98.00000
102.00000
0.88
0.88
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
1715.92
1701.66
1729,88
4.92
0.29
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1010.84
1007.00
1015.00
1.76.
0.17
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
841.35
935.00
949.00
2.99
0,32
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1047.89
1040.00
1056,00
2.76
0.26
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
976.72
971.00
983.00
2.39
0.24
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
998.79
995.00
1004.00
1.93
0.19
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1032.49
1028.00
1039.00
2.17
0.21
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
996.05
990.00
1001.00
2.58
0.26
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F)
1000.59
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F)
016.64
814,00
819.00
1.81
0.22
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
15.36
15.36
15.36
0.00
0.00
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
13,89
13.50
13.97
0.09
0.67
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F>
556.75
545.00
574.00
6.10
1,10
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1129.90
1123.00
1137.00
2.60
0.23
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
5.02
4.97
5.07
0.24
0.35
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
902,67
899.00
906.00
1.99
0,22
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
303.30
302.00
305.00
0.57
0,19
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
305.47
304.00
307.00
0.57
0.19
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig)
64.27
55.97
75.56
3.70
5.76
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT-»LEFT f'H20)
15.36
15.36
15.36
0.00
0.00
ENGINE SPEED (rprn)
1599.62
1599.38
1600.63
0.32
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
678.41
875.51
880.84
0.85
0.10
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
100.14
100.00
101.00
0.35
0.35
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
134,60
132.42
136.48
0.68
0.51
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
71.99
71.02
72.81
0.28
0.40
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
4818.47
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
4727,14
FUEL FLOW (Mir)
166.05
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
22.62
ENGINE TORQUE
2884.06
2875.00
2892.50
2.76
0.10
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
84.93
83.00
87.00
0.71
0,84
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
129.74
128.00
132.00
0.65
0.50
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
189.45
189.00
190.00
0,50
0.26
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
194.97
194.00
196.00
0.57
0.29
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
248.65
239.00
259.00
3.20
1,29
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
65.37
59 44
70.69
2.37
3.62
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
211.96
211.00
213.00
0.24
0.11
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
228,00
228.00
228.00
0.00
0.00
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
191.33
190.00
193.00
0.66
035
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE fH20)
10.86
10.41
11.38
0.21
1.94
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
150.70
146.00
154.00
1.86
1.24
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
32.91
32.77
33.00
0.02
0,07
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
82.14
69.94
90.89
3.57
4.35
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
123.20
115.88
134.44
1.79
1.46
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
126.36
121.00
130.00
2.27
1.79
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 4 -100% Load 1600RPM 21BTDC
Date Point Number; Run 4
Description Average
Date:
Min
09/01/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
11:16:01
33.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
131.29
127.00
135 00
2.05
1.56
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.50
13.24
15,33
10.06
2.51
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
878.39
875.00
882.00
1.99
0.23
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
802.97
880.00
886.00
1.90
0,22
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE <"H20)
11.04
10.85
11.26
0.08
0.70
B.S. CO {g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalys!
6,21
1.63
12,04
4.95
79.64
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.97
0.26
1.87
0.78
79.92
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO* (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
118,78
32,92
227.03
94.97
79.95
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
114.26
31.49
215.89
90.58
79.27
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.66
0.18
1,31
0.53
80.34
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.13
0.03
0.26
0.11
84.02
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.45
0.02
. 1.46
0.49
107.61
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.27
0.05
0.60
0.25
91.66
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.11
0.01
0.26
0.10
92.56
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.03
0.01
0.07
0.03
79.74
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
9.40
9.30
9.40
0.02
0.22
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
9.43
9.40
9.50
0.05
0.49
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
148.61
140,10
155.30
3.54
2.38
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
23,34
22.70
24.00
0.25
1.09
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
8.18
8.14
8.26
0.03
0.39
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
8.13
8.08
8.19
0.02
0.27
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0,00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
902.04
889.90
915.60
5.52
0,61
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
857.72
848.60
868.00
4.15
0.48
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1753.89
1731.30
1781.30
11.35
0.65
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1658,91
1636.80
1683.10
9.86
0.59
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
24.91
24.00
26.00
0.44
1.76
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.98
4.80
5.20
0.11
2.11
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
15.81
0.10
37.80
12.53
79.25
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
12.38
9.20
15.60
3.13
25.26
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
15.45
5.10
21.60
6.22
40.29
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
3.43
0.20
6.50
2.44
71.07
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
13.21
3.45
25.49
10.45
79.15
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
2.08
0.56
3.96
1.64
78.92
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
9.29
4.08
21.65
5.22
56.13
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
1.54
0.87
2.39
0.34
22.15
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
1.37
0.3B
2.73
1.10
80-37
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
0.28
0.08
0.56
0.23
80.67
Methane F-Facter: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 9 -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 140AMT
Data Point Number: Run 9
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
22:43:00
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
65.00
65.00
65.00
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
76.54
75.00
79.00
1.56
2.04
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4 99
4.83
5,03
0.02
0,36
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIOITY <%)
37.37
36.00
39.00
0.67
1.81
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ltWlbA)
0.0129
0.0114
0.0148
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
94.00605
91.00000
87.00000
1.19
1.27
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
2149.38
2149.88
2149.88
0.00
0,00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
950,36
943.00
960.00
3.31
0.35
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
900.85
897 00
905.00
1.52
0.17
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
998.82
995.00
1003.00
1.69
0.17
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
938.52
932.00
944.00
2.21
0.24
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT <'H20)
10.44
6.42
15.36
2.40
22.97
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799.74
1798.75
1801.88
0.49
0.03
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
987.62
984.14
990.82
1.20
0.12
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
133.04
132.00
134.00
0.22
0 16
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
117.45
111.72
121.48
1.69
1.44
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
70.87
68.67
73.44
0,91
1.28
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
3415.67
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
3243.98
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr)
312.18
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
42.53
ENGINE TORQUE
2882.08
2872.50
2890.00
3.39
0.12
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
85.66
84.00
87.00
0.64
0.74
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
137.38
136.00
139.00
0.56
0.41
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
188.90
188.00
190,00
0.47
0.25
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
194.72
194.00
196.00
0.57
0,29
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
248.59
227.00
276.00
11.04
4.44
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
66.78
62.06
71.81
1.81
2 71
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
213.87
213.00
215.00
0.50
0.23
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
230.38
230.00
231,00
0.48
0.21
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
190.83
189.00
192.00
0.66
0.35
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
14.54
13.56
15.53
0.55
3.77
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
139.73
138.00
142.00
0.75
054
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
38.15
38.02
38.30
0.04
0.11
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
68.15
55.78
76.59
3.15
4.62
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
117.08
104.63
131.44
1.99
1.70
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
85.98
84.00
88.00
0.70
0.81
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 9 -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 140AMT
Data Point Number: Run 9
Description
Average
Mirt
Date: 08/31/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
22:43:00
33.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NO* (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Calalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm); Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Calalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
95.35
13.21
792.ao
794.32
17.00
5.80
I.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
163.57
162.94
2.06
0.25
0.62
0.33
0.16
0.04
II.06
11.00
66.35
19 06
7.31
7.38
0.00
0.00
688.31
684.36
1139.32
1145.18
36.18
4.40
14.37
7.77
11,96
3.29
12.85
3.66
0.00
0.00
30,80
30.79
4.48
0.35
0.00
0.00
95.00
12.15
790.00
793.00
16.75
5.47
1,58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
160.82
159.87
I.98
0.24
0.14
0.13
0.02
0.03
II.00
10.90
62.70
18.20
7.27
7.35
0.00
0.00
677.20
673.50
1125.30
1129.40
34.90
4.30
3.40
320
1.50
0.10
12.19
3.49
0.00
0.00
28.00
26,06
4.34
0.54
0.00
0.00
97.00
14.06
794.00
796.00
17.20
6.05
I.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
166.30
165.42
2.10
0.25
0.99
0.42
0.46
0.08
II.20
11.00
68.90
19.80
7.33
7.43
0.00
0.00
701.30
694.30
1151.00
1158.50
37.00
4.50
22.90
9.90
33.70
5.90
13.37
3.80
0.00
0.00
32.44
32.72
4.57
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.50
8.73
0.95
0.77
0.08
0.09
0.01
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
1.10
0.03
0.00
0.28
0,11
0.14
0,01
0.05
0.01
1.06
0.16
0.03
0 02
0.00
0.00
4.81
3.51
5.68
4.67
0.51
0.02
6.39
2.62
10.77
0.97
0.20
D.03
0.00
0.00
1.28
1.40
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.53
2.39
0.12
0.10
0.48
1.58
0.87
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.76
0.68
1.35
0.47
44.95
33.76
91.25
36.32
0.44
0.12
1.60
0.82
0.38
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.51
0.50
0.41
1.42
0.44
44.46
33,68
90.09
29.42
1.53
0.90
0.00
0.00
4.17
4.53
1.19
0.47
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 10 -100% Load 180ORPM Z1BTDC 160AMT
Data Point Number: Run 10
Description
Average
Min
Date: 08/31/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
18:59:00
33.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 73.69 71.00 75.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 61.33 5S.00 68.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg) 4.99 4.93 5.04
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY {%) 35-68 32.00 38.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ItWIb*) 0.0147 0.0125 0.0169
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 99.66128 98.00000 102.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfro) 2149.88 2149.66 2149,88
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 971.29 966.00 976.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 923.59 920.00 928.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1024.93 1020.00 1030,00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT CH20) 12 04 6.40 15 36
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1799,73 1799,38 1801.25
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 988.72 985.34 992.03
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F) 123.16 119.00 125.00
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20) 127,32 122.34 131.56
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi) 71.08 68.62 73.59
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb) 4491,52
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb) 4361 83
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr) 235.79
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr) 32.12
ENGINE TORQUE 2885.31 2875.00 2892.50
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 88.20 66.00 90.00
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 130.86 138.00 142.00
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 188.35 187.00 189.00
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 194,28 193.00 195.00
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM) 247.56 234.00 261.00
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig) 66.68 62.34 70.88
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F) 214.24 213.00 215,00
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 230.71 230,00 232.00
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 190.09 189.00 192,00
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 14.33 13.28 15.38
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F) 156.83 163.00 160.00
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia) 38.24 38.16 38.39
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 81,68 71.77 91.59
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM) 124.16 116.44 134.81
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F) 125.67 121.00 128.00
1.36
0.00
3.52
0.02
1.28
0.75
0.00
NA
1.97
1.59
2,14
1.83
1.35
1.38
1.54
2.93
0.70
2.69
0,15
3.28
1.62
0.29
1.12
0,59
0.54
2.71
2.69
0.37
1.13
1.92
1.79
0.94
3.20
0.64
0.67
0.49
0.46
6,10
1.70
0,43
0.46
0.73
0.60
1.31
0.05
3.17
1,81
1.51
1.85
0.00
5,74
0,37
3.58
0.75
0,00
NA
0.20
0.17
0,21
0.18
0.14
0.13
0.16
0.30
0.09
22.31
0,80
0.55
0,15
0.42
0.13
0.17
0.16
4.13
22.31
0.02
0.11
1.56
1.41
1.33
0.11
0.73
0.48
0.26
0.24
2.46
2.55
0,20
0.20
0.38
4.19
0.83
0.12
3.88
1.46
1.20
-------
Colorado State University; Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description; Run 10 -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 16QAMT
Data Point Number: Run 10
Description Average
Date:
Min
08/31/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
18:59:00
33.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
133.89
130.00
137.00
1.43
1.07
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.68
13.93
15.15
5.64
1.39
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
812 92
810.00
815.00
1.34
0.16
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
816.40
814.00
818.00
1.13
0.14
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
16.53
16.33
16.75
0.08
0.46
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
6.08
0.93
6.56
1.19
19.51
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
1.67
0.25
1.78
0.31
18.34
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr}: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
161.83
25.02
173.08
28.82
17.81
B.S. NO* (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
162.60
25.13
172.09
28.22
17.35
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
2.14
0.32
2.27
0.38
17.83
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.25
0.04
0.27
0.05
17.84
B.S, Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
1.01
0,07
1.94
0.51
51.21
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.48
o.oe
0,81
0.21
43.50
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.19
0.02
0.41
0.10
49.52
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.01
0.06
0.01
33.23
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.70
10.70
10.80
0.02
0.15
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.70
10.70
10.70
0.00
0.00
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
75.14
72.60
77.70
1.19
1.58
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.92
17.20
21.40
0.25
1.20
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.50
7.45
7.51
0.03
0.34
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7,65
7.61
7.69
0.01
0.17
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
705.41
693.40
727.00
7.30
1.03
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
716.80
705.40
732.90
6.24
0.87
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1208.14
1187.70
1237.80
12.25
1.01
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1235.12
1216.60
1257.80
10.62
0.86
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
40.35
39.80
41.00
0.30
0,73
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.94
4.90
5.00
0.05
0.97
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
24.83
11.20
46.20
11.43
46.05
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
12.25
6.50
19.70
4.88
39-85
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
15.10
10.70
31.40
6.82
45.20
Non-Methane (ppm); Post-Catalyst
2.89
0.10
5.20
1.87
64.74
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
13.43
2.05
14,44
2.45
18.27
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
3.72
0.57
3 98
0.68
18.28
NO F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor; Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
4.61
0.71
4.87
0.84
18.24
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.57
0.09
0.60
0.10
18.28
Methane F-Factor; Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 10 PAH -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 160AMT
Data Point Number Run 10 PAH
Description
Average
Min
Date: 08/31/99 Time;
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
18:59:00
180.00
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 68,89 67,00 75.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 66.26 55.00 73.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE fHg) 4.99 4.87 5.08
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) 35.30 32.00 40.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IMW 0.0145 0.0126 0.0177
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 99,54159 98.00000 102.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm) 2149.88 2149.88 2149.88
EXHAUST FLOW (seta) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 974.51 967.00 985,00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 924,40 918.00 031.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE {F) 1024.28 1015.00 1033.00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 956.78 948.00 964.00
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 964.27 959.00 973.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1025.16 1020.00 1033,00
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 984,66 977.00 992.00
CYLINDER 8 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 986.01 978.00 993.00
CYLINDER EXHAUST AVERAGE TEMP (F) 980.01
EXHAUST HEADER TEMPERATURE (F) 768.02 763.00 773.00
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST PRESSURE fHg) 11,47 6 93 15,36
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Ha) 18.12 18.66 19.41
PRE TURBO LEFT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 586 77 576.00 604.00
PRE TURBO RIGHT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1084.08 1076,00 1093.00
POST TURBO EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg) 5.02 4,77 5.09
POST TURBO EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 835.16 830,00 842.00
POST TURBO LEFT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 344,02 342.00 347.00
POST TURBO RIGHT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 345.06 343.00 346.00
TURBO OIL PRESSURE (psig) 65.67 60.09 72.56
PRE TURBO DIFF. PRESSURE RIGHT->LEFT (W20) 11.47 6.93 15.36
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1799.75 1798.75 1801.25
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 988.38 985.85 992.03
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F) 127.19 119,00 132.00
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE <"H20) 124.29 116.95 131.56
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi) 70.92 68.44 74.06
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb) 4491.52
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb) 3645,82
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr) 281.90
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr) 38.41
ENGINE TORQUE 2884.27 2877.50 2892.50
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 86.99 85,00 90.00
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 138.57 137.00 142.00
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 187.98 187.00 189.00
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 193.98 193.00 195.00
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM) 247.92 233.00 262.00
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig) 66.70 62.72 72.19
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F) 213.93 213.00 215.00
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 230.65 230.00 232.00
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 189.90 188.00 192.00
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE f H20) 14.36 13.22 15.38
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F) 159,37 153.00 168.00
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia) 38.31 38.16 38-58
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20) 81.21 66.19 92.67
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM) 123.97 101.81 132.00
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F) 129.12 121.00 139.00
2.60
0.00
5.13
0.02
1.41
0.68
0.00
NA
3.45
2,36
2.89
2,95
2.50
2.62
2.04
3.39
1.76
2.69
0.15
6.13
3.06
0.42
2.53
0.86
0,74
2,60
2.69
0.41
1.18
3.02
2.89
0.91
3,36
1.02
0.97
0.44
0.46
6.66
1.75
0.38
0.48
0.76
0.60
2.97
0.08
3.92
2.35
3.88
3.77
0.00
7.74
0.42
4.00
0.69
0.00
NA
0.35
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.26
0.26
0,27
0.34
0.23
23,47
0.80
1.04
0.28
0.62
0.30
0.25
0.22
3.96
23.47
0.02
0.12
2.37
2.33
1.29
0.12
1.17
0.70
0.24
0.24
2.69
2.62
0.18
0.21
0.40
4.21
1.86
0.20
4.83
1.89
3.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 10 PAH - 100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC 160AMT
Data Point Number Run 10 PAH Date; 08/31/99 Time: 18:59:00
Duration (minutes): 180.00
Description Average Min Max STDV Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
137.09
130.00
147.00
3.73
2.72
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.68
13.33
15.32
8.05
1.98
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
817.0?
810.00
823.00
3.23
0.40
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
819.46
813.00
825,00
2.84
0.35
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
16.55
16.28
16.93
0.09
0.54
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
8.42
0.93
8.90
0.60
9.29
B.S. CO {g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
1.69
0.25
1.79
0.14
8.52
B.S- NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalysl
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0,00
0.00
0,00
0,00
B.S, NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
169.65
25.02
176.83
11.15
6.57
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
168.94
25.32
176.48
9.03
5.34
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
2.19
0.33
2.28
0.14
6.49
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.26
0.04
0.27
0.02
6.84
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
0.94
0.07
1.94
0.48
51.60
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.58
0.12
0.94
0.22
37.22
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.15
0.02
0.41
0.10
67.79
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.01
0.06
0.01
34,69
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.73
10.60
10,90
0.05
0.50
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.69
10.60
10 80
0.04
0.42
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
76.62
71.80
81.90
1,80
2.35
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.48
17.20
21,60
0.50
2.46
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.51
7,45
7.57
0.03
0.39
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.65
7.58
7.73
0.02
0.30
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
717.01
693.40
743.30
11.25
1.57
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
719.37
702.40
748,10
9.15
1.27
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1227.00
1187.70
1273.20
20.33
1.66
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1240.57
1206.90
1291.80
17.74
1.43
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
40.06
38.40
41.50
0.59
1,47
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.77
4.60
5.00
0.12
2.58
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
22.49
3.40
46.10
11.43
50.84
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
14.48
0.10
22.90
5.40
37.26
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
11.66
1.50
31.40
7.92
66.76
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
2.72
0.10
5.30
1.49
54.84
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
14.19
2.05
15,10
1.09
7.69
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
3.77
0.57
3.98
0.29
7.64
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
4.75
0.71
4.94
0.31
6.47
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.57
0.09
0.60
0.04
7.69
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description; Run 11 -100% Load 1800RPM 218TDC
Data Point Number: Run 11
Description
Average
Date: 09/01/99 Time: 15:17:01
Duration (minutes): 33.00
Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F) 73.06 69.00 77.00
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia) 12.06 12.06 12.06
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%) 58,46 49.00 65.00
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE <"Hg) 6.00 4.95 5.08
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%) 36.05 33.00 43.00
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbwflbA) 0.0148 0.0129 0.0191
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F) 89,67339 98.00000 102.00000
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm) 2149.88 2148.88 2149.88
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm) NA NA NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 98S.68 962.00 970.00
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 905.98 900.00 910.00
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1019.18 1014.00 1023.00
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 950.83 947.00 956,00
CYLINDER 5 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 954.34 949.00 957.00
CYLINDER 6 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F) 1016.58 1011.00 1022.00
CYLINDER 7 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT CH20) 12.39 8.09 15.36
ENGINE SPEED (rpm) 1799.06 1796.88 1800.00
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp) 988,12 984.65 991.85
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F) 126.25 125.00 127.00
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE fH20) 121.86 116,80 125.63
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi) 70.15 67.50 73.20
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (to) 3879.62
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb) 3711.58
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr) 305.53
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (GaVHr) 41.63
ENGINE TORQUE 2884.82 2875.00 2895.00
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 90.75 89.00 83.00
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 141,23 140.00 143.00
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F) 178.80 178.00 180.00
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F) 184.73 183.00 185.00
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM) 246.43 210,00 286.00
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig) 67.67 62.91 72.84
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F) 205.88 205.00 206,00
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 11 -100% Load 18QQRPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 11
Description Average
Date:
Min
09/01/99
Max
Time:
Duration (minutes):
STDV
15:17:01
33.00
Variance
1NTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
124 30
120.00
127.00
1.83
1.55
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.40
13.49
15,14
8.90
2,23
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
804.49
801.00
808.00
1.76
0.22
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
808.10
805.00
812.00
1.74
0.22
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
16.43
18.23
16.65
0.07
0.45
B.S. CO {g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.85
0.81
1,02
0.02
1.75
B.S, CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.27
0.26
0.28
0.00
0.74
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
27.42
25.99
28,10
0.41
1.51
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
26 44
25.49
26.99
0.31
1.18
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.28
0.27
0.29
0.01
2.47
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.04
0.03
004
0.00
1.12
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.14
0.07
0.22
0,05
34.13
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.10
0.03
0,10
0.02
18.05
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.01
39.01
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.59
10.50
10.60
0.03
0.32
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.69
10,60
10.70
0.02
0.22
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
72.63
68.90
77.70
1.40
1.93
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.81
20.40
21.30
0,17
0.80
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.20
7.11
7.29
0.03
0.42
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7.23
7.20
7.30
0.02
0,27
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
727.86
692. SO
742,90
11.20
1.54
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
711.75
686.20
726.20
8.10
1.14
NOx (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
1266.31
1211.60
1292.10
18,26
1.44
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1226.67
1188.60
1251.90
13.88
1,13
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
32.90
31.70
34.20
0.61
1.85
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.70
4.60
4.80
0.03
0.58
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
22.55
11.50
34.20
7.27
32.25
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
14.84
6.10
15.60
2.40
16.19
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
16.57
5.10
21.60
6.51
38.27
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.60
2.00
7.20
2.13
46.39
CO F-F actor: Pre-Catalyst
1.99
1.91
2.11
0.04
1.80
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
o.m
0.56
0.59
0.00
0.85
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factan Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.58
0.56
0.60
0.01
1.83
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.00
0.62
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 12 -100% Load 1800RPM
21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 12
Date;
09/01/99
Time:
16:37:01
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
74.95
73.00
75.00
0,32
0.43
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psta)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
52.34
50.00
58.00
1.66
3.17
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
5.00
4.81
5.09
0.02
0.47
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY {%)
36.70
34.00
39.00
1.27
3.46
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IMW
0.0152
0.0134
0,0173
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
99.72177
98.00000
102.00000
0.79
0.80
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
2149.88
2149.88
2149.88
000
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (seta)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT ('H20j
12.64
7.71
15.36
1.85
14.63
ENGINE SPEED (rpnt)
1799.06
1797.50
1800.00
0.43
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER {blip)
987.97
983.46
991.50
1.21
0.12
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
131.45
130.00
133.00
1.07
0.82
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE fH20)
118.09
113.67
122.34
1.70
1.44
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
70.10
68.05
72.66
0.91
1.30
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
3470.47
FUEL TANK MASS FINAL(lb)
3298.77
FUEL FLOW (Ib/hr)
312.18
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
42.53
ENGINE TORQUE
2884.18
2872.50
2895.00
3.44
0.12
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
91.17
90.00
92.00
0.61
0.67
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
141.55
140.00
143.00
0.56
0.39
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
200.68
198.00
204,00
1.74
0,87
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
206.27
204.00
210.00
1.66
0.80
JACKET WATER FLOW(GPM)
249.61
222.00
279.00
13.96
5.59
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
64.61
60.84
69.75
1.76
2.73
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
224.02
222.00
226.00
0.94
0.42
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
240.20
239.00
242.00
0.90
0.38
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
202.32
199.00
206,00
1.86
0.92
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
14.23
13.22
15.25
0.56
3,93
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
150,98
148.00
154.00
1.46
0.96
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
38.10
37.92
38.25
0.05
0.13
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
82.12
66.75
91,64
3.80
4.63
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
121.84
113.63
129.94
2.79
2.29
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 12 -100% Load 1800RPM 21BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 12
Description
Average
Min
Date: 09/01/99 Time:
Duration {minutes):
Max STDV
16:37:01
33.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 -100% Load 1800RPM
19BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 13
Date:
08/31/99
Time:
16:59:07
Duration (minutes):
33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
76.46
75.00
77.00
0.89
1.16
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
54.91
51.00
63.00
2.83
5.15
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.99
4.89
5.04
0.02
0.39
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
35;44
31.00
40.00
1.88
5.32
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IW
0.0147
0.0118
0.0178
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
99.78629
97.00000
102,00000
0.73
0.73
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfrn)
2149.88
2149.88
2149,88
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfrn)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
968.39
962.00
973,00
2.15
0,22
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 -100% Load 1800RPM 19BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 13 Date: 08/31/99 Time: 16:59:07
Duration (minutes): 33.00
Description
Average
Min
Max
STDV
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
120.76
116.00
123.00
1.97
1,63
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
14.49
13.76
15.08
5.96
1.49
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
810.92
808.00
813,00
1.21
0.15
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
813.93
811.00
815.00
1.20
0.15
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
17.01
16.83
17.28
0.07
0.44
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catslyst
2.82
1.00
7.32
2,74
97.02
B.S. CO (fl/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.68
0,25
1.73
0.66
97.31
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Pra-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pra-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr); Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
55.42
20.83
149.86
55.20
99,61
B.S, NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
54.15
20.36
145.49
53.81
99,39
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.90
0.33
2.38
0,89
98.83
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.10
0,03
0,2?
0,10
99.85
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
3.22
0.19
10,06
3.76
116.52
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
3.67
1.38
9.40
3.60
98.11
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
0.47
0.07
1.53
0.49
106.18
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
0.14
0.05
0.38
0.15
102,76
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
10.60
10.60
10.70
0.01
0.08
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
10.79
10.70
10.80
0.03
0.27
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
78.93
75.50
81.90
1.25
1.59
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
20.22
19.70
20.70
0.18
0.90
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
7.11
7,03
7.15
0,03
0.41
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
7,53
7.48
7.58
0.02
0.25
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
0.00
O.OO
0.00
0.00
0.00
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
571.53
547.80
591,50
8.54
1.50
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
598.88
577.50
617.30
7,14
1.19
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
992.56
949.40
1025.10
14.35
1.45
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1022.40
984,00
1051.80
11.68
1.14
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
40.08
38.40
41,50
0.70
1.74
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
4.89
4.80
5.00
0.04
0.81
Methane (ppm); Pre-Catalyst
180.04
29.50
227.00
83.96
46.63
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
223.67
223.60
223.70
0.04
0.02
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
82.93
38.30
110,60
23,08
27.84
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
29.00
29.00
29.00
0.00
0.00
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
5.80
2.07
15.03
5.62
96.85
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
1.49
0.55
3,83
1.46
97.56
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
30.13
24.38
31.73
2,17
7.22
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
1.82
0.67
4,81
1.79
98,24
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
0.23
0.09
0.61
0.23
98.29
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Calalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methane F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description; Run 14 - 100% Load 1800RPM 23BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 14 Date; 08/31/99 Time: 13:58:00
Duration (minutes): 33.00
Description Average Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
88 66
83,00
91.00
2.22
2.50
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psla)
12.06
12.06
12.06
0.00
0.00
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
22.68
19.00
27.00
2.41
10.64
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
4.S9
4.93
5.04
0.02
0.34
AIR MANIFOLD RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
33.94
32.00
37.00
1.23
3.63
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (1Mb*)
0.0151
0.0129
0.0180
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
102.13105
99.00000
105.00000
1.34
1.32
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
2149.88
2149.88
2149,88
0.00
0.00
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
1005.41
1000.00
1012.00
2.44
0.24
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE LEFT (H20)
11.84
7.16
15.36
2.48
20.95
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)
1799,71
1798.75
1801.25
0.38
0.02
ENGINE HORSEPOWER (bhp)
988.90
985.85
992.19
1.14
0.12
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
131.67
130.00
133.00
0.84
0.64
FUEL PRE PUMP PRESSURE ("H20)
120.60
116.72
124.61
1.57
1.30
FUEL POST PUMP PRESSURE (psi)
70.84
68.52
73.44
0.78
1.10
FUEL TANK MASS INITIAL (lb)
3775.51
FUEL TANK MASS FlNAL(lb)
3801.98
FUEL FLOW (lb/hr)
315.50
CALCULATED FUEL CONSUMPTION (Gal/Hr)
42,98
ENGINE TORQUE
2885.86
2877.50
2895.00
3.22
0.11
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
96.43
84.00
98.00
0.77
0.80
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
147.20
145.00
149.00
0.66
0.45
JACKET WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
188.98
188.00
188.00
0.13
0.07
JACKET WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
194.21
194.00
195.00
0.41
0.21
JACKET WATER FLOW (GPM)
247.84
235.00
261.00
5.88
2.37
LUBE OIL PRESSURE (psig)
86.61
61.88
72.19
1.87
2.80
LUBE OIL IN TEMPERATURE (F)
214.45
214.00
215.00
0.50
0.23
LUBE OIL OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
231.26
231.00
232.00
0.44
0.19
LUBE OIL COOLING WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
189.95
189.00
191.00
0.64
0.34
INTERCOOLER AIR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
14.26
13.19
15.31
0.89
4.15
INTERCOOLER AIR TEMP OUT (F)
149.67
146.00
153,00
1.55
1.04
POST INTERCOOLER AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (psia)
37.69
37.50
37.83
0,06
0,15
INTERCOOLER WATER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE f H20)
82,40
72.86
92.11
3.80
4.61
INTERCOOLER WATER FLOW (GPM)
122.73
116.81
128.25
1.S9
1.2S
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP IN (F)
115.25
111.00
120.00
2.14
1.86
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 14 -100% Load 1800RPM 23BTDC
Data Point Number: Run 14
Description
Average
Min
Date: 08/31/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
13:58:00
33.00
Variance
INTERCOOLER WATER TEMP OUT (F)
INTERCOOLER SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi)
PRE CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
POST CATALYST TEMPERATURE (F)
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE {"H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S, NO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (corrected - g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO F-Factor; Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
Methane F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
123.96
14,51
808.84
812.16
16.5?
0.97
0.2?
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.48
27.82
0.29
0.04
0.06
1.20
0.01
0,03
10.43
10.65
73,82
21.78
7.21
7.61
0.0Q
0.00
774.86
786.02
1365,19
1358.78
34,52
5.24
10.37
195,10
4.14
20.20
1.99
0.60
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.09
O.OO
0.00
120.00
13 70
806.00
809.00
16.35
0.93
0.26
0,00
0.00
0.00
0,00
28.76
27.29
0,28
0.04
0.03
1.19
0.01
0.03
10.40
10.60
70.80
21.10
7.15
7.57
0.00
0.00
757.60
770.10
1338.00
1333.00
33.90
5.10
5.30
195.00
0.70
20.20
1,82
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,58
0.09
0.00
0.00
128.00
15.30
812.00
815.00
16.73
1.00
0.2?
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
30.15
28.29
0.30
0.04
0.2?
1.21
0,01
0.03
10.50
10.70
76,70
22.30
7.27
7.65
0.00
0.00
792.20
798.60
1392.90
1383.90
35.40
5.40
42.30
195.10
9.30
20.20
2.08
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.10
0.00
0.00
1.99
7.35
1.49
1.52
0.06
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.05
1,19
0.22
0.02
0,02
0.00
0.00
7.82
6.09
13.04
10.60
0.44
0.06
7,60
0.01
3.28
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
1.83
0.18
0,19
0.39
1.60
1.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.9?
0.75
1.08
0.00
77.06
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.42
047
1.61
1.01
0.26
0.24
0.00
0.00
1.01
0.78
0.96
0.78
1.26
1.08
73.26
0.01
79.42
0.00
1.51
1,11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
1,21
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX E
REFERENCE METHOD ANALYZERS CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Test Program: fePA MICE YcctfnQ:
Description: Rtftranc* Method Analyt»r» Daily Calibration!
Date: September 2,1999
Colorado Stdte University: Ertnlnes & Enernv (ionverston Laboratory
Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Pour-Stroke
Engine Type: 3506 Caterpillar
Test Points: Filial Calibration
QC_Sbpt,2_1W9J5:16:31
Om
PrB_CO
Pr»_C02
Pre_02
fre_Mefw»
NcnMeNrw
PnJfoC
Post.CO
Post_C02
Post.02
Post_Metwr*
PostJ
Post_THC
QC.ibpt.O 999_15:14:36
Om
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_02
FYe_Metw*
F¥e_Non_MHhene
Pre_NOx
Pra.THC
Post.CO
Po«LC02
Post_02
PostjyteftMra
Po«t_Ncn_Mefw*
PosLkOx
Post.THC
QC_3*pt,2_19WJ»:58:10
On
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_02
Pre_Me*iane
Pre,
WC*Vfi
Pre.THC
Post^CO
Po*_C02
Posl_02
Post.MeVwnt
PoetJ
Post_THC
Detcriptlon: NO* Sample Bias
99.796
24.879
24.941
49.162
64.08*
-0047
0
4)na
•4^.487
456.87
5076 -fc.002
40.276
2.96
5.014
49.566
4 961.
39.624
•0.12
-b.ooi
-0.049
-49.763
•4.992
•0.1
DeicrtptkAV EnJ Cafcrttlon lire
Slop*
Intercept
99796
-0.047
24 874
0
24.941
4.116
49.182
-4l».467
84.081
-66.67
499.31)
-2.274
50.74
-b.002
40.278
-0.12
2.98
•0.001
5.014
•0.049
49.5M
•49.763
4.961
•4.992
993.(3?
0.233
39.824
•0.1
Zero Avg Spah.Avg
Range
0
0
1000
t>
0
25
o.ooi
0.01
25
1.007
1.007
200
1 044
1.004
200
b
*0.011
500
0.003
0.009
200
b
0.01
15
0.01
0.012
25
1.004
1.062
200
1.006
1,023
20
o.ooi)
0.007
200
Zero Avg a
pan_Avg
Ran0e
b
0
1000
b
0
25
o.oofc
0.01
25
1.007
1.007
200
1.044
1.0O4
200
O.OOfc
0.015
5000
b
0.011
500
0.003
0.009
200
6
0.01
15
0.01
0.012
25
1.004
1.062
200
1.006
1.023
20
b
0
5000
0.00)
0.007
200
40.276
2.96
5.014
49.566
4.961
•0.12
-b.ooi
•0.049
•49.769
-4.992
43.6
11
12
90.4
10.3
0.003
0
001
1.004
1.006
ii.or.H
0
0
0.122
0
•2.536
0.256
0.029
0.01
3.676
0.065
Deacrtptton: NO* ftampto Mac
Slope Intercept Cal Om Zero.Avft Span_Avg Range
99.796 -0.047 450 b 4.51 1000
24.679 0 11 & ®-*42 25
24 941 -0.116 12 0.006 0.466 25
49182 -49.467 90.4 1.00* 2.845 200
64.062 *6.67_ 10.3
1.09
3.691
2.403
2.627
3.063
HErtor
0
0
0.466
0
-1.266
0.114
0.126
0.1935333
0.04
1.936
a.425
0.6975
SEttor
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
wm*m.
0
QC_#ept,2J999_15:14:36 DOcrtptton: EndCaK»gtanZero
Gas
Slope i
Intercept
Pr»_CO
99.796
•0.047
Pre_C02
24.6/9
0
Pre_02
24.941
•0.118
fYeJUdhar*
49.162
-49.467
64.062
•66.87
Pre_NO*
499.363
-2.274
PrejTHC
50.76
•0.002
Po$t.CO
40.276
-0.12
Po«t-.C02
2.98
•0.001
Post^.02
5014
-0,049
Post_Met»arte
49.586
•49.763
Poet.Ncn_Metiene
4.961
-4.992
Post.NOx
993.637
0.233
PoslJTHC
39.624
-0.1
CAl^Sept, 1J 999_08:54:22
Om
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_02
PrejyWhar*
F¥e Nor\.MMhane
Pre.MOx
Pra.THC
Post.CO
Port»C02
Post.02
Post^Methahe
Po«t-.Nor>_Me»w»
Post^NOx
PosLTHC
Description: Pally Calbratton
Slope Intercept T
99.796 -0.047|
24.679
24.941
49.1*2
64.062
499.363
50.76
40.276
2.96
5.014
49.566
4.961
993.637
39.624
•0.118
49.467
-0.001
•0.049
-49.763
-4.992
ZeroJlvg
3pan_Avg
Range
0
~ 4.5
1000
0
0.429
25
0.005
0.478
25
1.007
2.845
200
1.044
1.204
200
0.005
5.54
5000
0
2.207
500
0.003
1.106
200
0
3.74
15
0.01
2.397
25
1.004
2.627
200
1.006
3.063
20
0
2.755
5000
0.003
2.662
200
?
<
1
Span^Avg
Range
0
4.51
1000
0
0.442
25
0.005
0.466
25
1.007
2.645
200
1.044
1.204
200
0.005
5.473
5000
0
2.108
500
0.003
1.09
200
0
3.691
15
0.01
2.403
25
1.004
2.627
200
1.006
3.063
20
0
2.748
5000
2.669
-------
Colorado state University: Enolnea & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: fiPA RICE Testing:
Description: R«f«r»nc< Mtthod Analytsrs Dally Calibration*
Date: S«pt*mb*r1,1999
Englm Class: Dlasal Pualad, Compression United, Four-Strok*
Engine Typt: ISM Caterpillar
Tast Points: Test Run* 2 and 12
On
Pre CO
Pre C02
Pre 02
Pre TUC
Post.CO
Post„C02
Postj02
PostjMhant
Description: NO* Sample Btea
flopi Mereept Cal.OM Iefo_Avg Span.Avg
100.492
24.679
24.991
51.516 -51.856
92.009 -<4.707
47.46 -0.002
40.151
2.996
5.005
49.293
4.932
4.002
4.001
4.027
•40.458
4.962
0
0
0.005
1.004
1.006
0
0.01
0.007
1.006
0.993
200
15
25
200
20
0
0.029
0.01
0.12
-0.065
* Em*
0
0.292
0.924
0.0375
0
1
0.0974
0
0.1933333
0.04
0.06
•0.325
OC_S»pt,1_1999_21:52:44
Dm
Pre CO
Pn C02
Pre_02
FVeJtorvMefune
PreJIOx
PnjUC
Post CO
POSLC02
Post_02
Post_l4ethsr*
PostjNen.M«V*r»
Poal NOx
Post.tHC
QC_8*pt,1J 999_1I:13:54
Om
pre co
Pre_C02
Pre_02
Detc*rtton: Pod *w_2^ftraChacl<
ft*_Non_Mdhans
Pre NOx
Pre_THC
PostjCO
PostJC02
Post_02
Po<.MiNn>
Post_Non_M«hire
Post.NOx
Post_THC
Slop*
Hfftapt I
100.492
-6.047
24.679
¦ °!
24.691
4.116
51.516
-51.656
62.009
-64.707
499.473
-1274
47.46
4.0021
40.151
4.002]
2.996
4.001
5.005
4.027
49.263
•46.456
4.932
4.962]
997.206
0.234
40.079
4.395
Description: Post Run 12
Slop*
Intercept
100.492
4.047
24.679
0
24.691
4.116
51.516
•51.656
62.009
44.707
499.473
•2.274
50.064
4.002
40.151
4.002
2.996
4.001
5.005
-0.027
49.263
-41.456
4.932
4.962
997.206
0.234
40.079
4.395
Ztro_Avg
8pan_Avg
Rang*
0
0
1000
i 0
0.003
25
0.005
0.014
25
1.007
1.006
200
1.044
1.044
200
0.005
0.025
5000
0
0.01
500
0
0
200
0
0.01
15
0.005
0.007
25
1.004
1.006
200
1.006
0.993
20
0
0
5000
0.01
0.01
200
nwck
! Zero_Avg
Span Avg
Rang*
0
4.491
1000
0
0.437
25
j 0.005
0.481
2S
! 1.007
2.817
200
1.044
1.213
200
I 0.005
5.56
5000
! o
2.255
500
0
1.111
200
o
3.701
15
0.009
2.397
23
1.004
2.667
200
1.006
3.104
20
0
2.699
5000
0.01
2.672
200
QC_Se»>t.,1_1999_21:41:56
Om
PnJCO
Pre_C02
Pre_02
freJWMharw
FY* Non_M«tMne
Pre~NOx
Pre.THC
Post CO
Post C02
Po*_02
Post.MeVwns
Post NenMethsne
Post NOx
PostJTHC
QC_Sept„1_1999_17:49:3#
Om
Pre CO
Pre C02
Pre„02
FtojMharw
Are Non Methane
PreNOx
Pre_THC
Post CO
Post_C02
Post_02
Post_Metwn>
Post NcnMdhane
Post NOx
PmITHC
Stop*
Intercept
100.492
4.047
24.679
0
24.691
4.116
61.516
•51.656
62.009
-64.7071
499.473
-2.274 j
47.46
4.002
40.151
4.002
2.996
4.001
5.005
4.027
49.263
•49.458
4.932
•4.962
967.206
0.234
40.079
4.395
lescriptkm: Pod Run
mt hla—arf
OW|l«
100.492
4.047
24.679
0
24.691
4.116
51.516
•51.656
62.009
44.707
499.473
-2.274
50.064
4.002
40.151
4.002
2.996
4.001
5.005
4.027
49.263
•49.456
4.932
•4.962
997.206
0.234
40.079
4.395
1 Zaro.Avg
Span Avg
Range
! 0
4.476
1000
1 0
0.442
25
0.005
0.463
25
| 1.007
2.626
200
| 1.044
1.16
200
I 0.005
5.571
5000
I 0
2.332
500
0
1.1
200]
I 0
3.697
15
0.005
2.399
25
I 1.004
2.636
200
1.006
3.073
20
I 0
2.734
5000
I 001
2.669
200]
Iheck
I Zero Avg
Span Avg
Rang*
I 0
0
1000
| 0
0
25
! 0.005
0.005
25
1.007
1.06
200
1.044
1.078
200
0.005
0.015
5000
I 0
0.029
500
I 0
0.005
200
0
0.01
15
0.005
0.005
25
1.004
1.004
200
1.006
0.99
20
E 0
0
5000
0.01
0.012
200
-------
Test Program: CPA RICE Tatting:
Description: Reference Method Analyiera Dally Calibrations
Date: September 1,1999
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
tnglne Clais: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Engine Type: 3508 Cattrpllltr
Test Points: Dally Calibrations
QC_3ept,1_1993_10:22:Dt Dnerlpflorc Antfyzer MO* Sample Bits
Intercept CaLGas Z*ro_Avg Span_Avg Range ppm_or_%
Pre CO
PTO.C02
Pn_02
fr»„Me9ian»
flrt.THC
Post CO
Po*jC02
Postj02
r»n—¦* -
rvnjMHVnp
100.492
24.679
24.991
51.518
62.009
•0.047
0
•0.119
-51.656
4.707
50.064 -0.002
40.151
2.996
5.009
49.293
4.932
•0.002
•0.001
•0.027
•49.459
•4.962
450
11
12
90.4
10.3
43.9
11
12
90.4
10.3
0
0
0.005
1.007
1.0
0
0
0.005
1.004
1.006
4.478
0.442
0.467
2.761
1.21
1.091
3.672
2.403
2.936
3.095
1000
25
25
200
200
200
15
25
200
20
450
11
12
90.4
10.3
43.9
11
12
90.4
10.3
40.079 -0.395
0.01 2.66 200 107
% Error
0
0
0
0
msm
0
0
0
0
0
mmm
0
CAL_Sept,1J W9_10:19:25 DeserfcHon: Da* Cato*to»_
Om
Pre_CO
Pre C02
Pre_02
Pre_Methene
tYe Nen Mdhm
Pra~NO*~
Pre_THC
Post CO
Post C02
Post_02
Post_Me(hane
Post.NOx
Po*t_THC
»op«
Intercept
100.492
•0.047
24.979
0
24.691
•0.119
51.516
•51.656
92.009
-64.707
499.473
-2.274
50.064
•0.002
40.151
•0.002
2.996
•0.001
5.005
•0.027
49.293
•49.459
4.932
•4.962
997.206
0.2341
40.079
•0.395!
Zard_Avg Span.Avg
Range
0
4.479
1000
0
0.442
25
0.005
0.467
25
1.007
2.761
200
1.044
1.21
200
0.005
5.472
5000
0
2.137
500
0
1.091
200
0
3.672
15
0.005
2.403
25
1.004
2.636
200
1.006
3.095
20
0
2.736
5000
0.01
2.66
200
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
TMt Program: fePA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: August Jl, 1999
fenglne Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression IJnlted, Four-Stroke
Engine Type: 3SN Cattrplllei
Test Points: Test Runs 9 and 13
QC_S«pt,01 _1 SS»_M:02:52 OMcrlptlon: NO* Swiple Mm
Oh
Pr«_CO
Pre C02
Pr«_02
pn M
Pre!
Post CO
Po
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: August 31,1999
Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Engine Type: 3508 Caterplller
Test Points: Test Run 1
QC_Aug.,31_19tt_12:36:l2 Dsscrfrrttoo: Post Run 1 - Span Check
Oh
Pre CO
Pre C02
Pre_02
Pre_M«thar»
Are Non Matwv
Pre.NOx
Pre.TWC
Post CO
Post.C02
Post_02
Post_Ue*wne
Poat_Ho\.M«ewn0
Post NOx
Post THC
Stop*
Intercept
100.47
•0.047
24.607
0
24.666
-0.105
50.012
•51.075
57.762
•60275
500.277
•7.41
51.044
-0.002
36.914
-0.002
3.025
•0.036
5.019
-0.061
49.613
-50.355
5.369
-62971
992.25
0.233
39.999
-0.1991
Zero.Avg Spsn_Avg
Rang*
0
4.5
1000
0
0.44
25
0.004
0.463
25
1.021
2J92
200
1.044
1232
200
0.015
5.502
5000
0
1.99
500
0
1.15
200
0.013
1.663
15
0.012
2.405
26
1.011
4.226
200
1.166
4.306
20
0
2.79
5000
0.005
2.663
200,
QC_Aufl.,31 _1 M9_11 :S7:49
Oai
Pre_CO
Prs_C02
Pr«_02
Pre_M«fwne
Pre Non.Mdhane
Pre NOx
Pre.THC
Post CO
Post C02
Post_02
Post.ftMhans
Post_Non_Mdhsn»
Post NOx
PosTtHC
Description: Port Run 1 »Zro ChscK
Mope intsrcsd
100.47 -0.047
24.607 0
24.686 -0.105
50.012 -51.075
57.762 -60.275
500.277 -7.41
51.044 -0.002
30.914 -0.002)
3.025 -0.0361
5.019 -0.0611
49.613 -50.3551
5.369 -6.297|
992.25 0.2331
39.999 -0.1991
Zero.Avg Spwi_Avg
Rang*
0
0
1000
0
0
25
0.004
0.004
25
1021
1.09
200
1.044
1.092
200
0.015
0.015
5000
0
0
500
0
0
200
0.013
0.01
15
0.012
0.012
25
1.011
4.226
200
1.166
4.306
20
0
0
5000
0.005
0.007
200
-------
f
i
I
Test Program: CPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Anafyztrs Daily Calibrations
Date: August 31,1999
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
fenglm Clatc Dlncl Mill, Contprewlon Ignittd, Four-Stroka
Engine Type: 3509 Caterplller
Test Points: Dally Calibrations
QC_Aug.,31 _1 999.99:26:52
On
Pr®_CO
Pra_C02
Pn_02
Pra_NcnJ
mam
Pr»_THC
Post CO
Post_C02
Post.,02
Post.Mdhare
Poi
Post~THC
Daacrfetlon: AmlynrNOxSailipb BtM
Stop* Marc apt Cri.OM Zaro_Avg i
100.47
24.607
24.666
90.012
57.782
-0.047 450
0 11
•0.105 12
•51.075 90.4
•90273 10.3
51.044 -0.002
30.914
3.025
5.019
49.513
5.399
•0.002
-0.03ft
•0.061
•50.355
•6.297
107
416
5.04
12
43.2
6.25
39.999 -0.199
0
0
0.004
1.021
1.044
0
0.013
0.012
1.011
1.166
0.005
4.479
0.447
0.491
2.629
1.222
2.096
1.126
1.676
2.403
4.220
4.306
Rang* ppm_or_tt
CALJMio.,31.1999.09:32:32 Dasototlon: Daffy Catorrtfan No Math/Nonmath Andym
1000
25
25
200
200
500
200
15
25
200
20
450
11
12
90.4
10.3
107
43.6
5.04
12
160.236
16.911
0
0
0
56.519
53.305
baa
PnjCO
PnjCOZ
Pn_02
PraJMstum
f*a_Ncn_M«#iww
fra N0x
Pre.THC
Po* CO
Po* C02
Po$l_02
Poat_Mafwna
Post Noo.lMhana
Post.NOx
Post TNC
Slope
Intarcapt
100.47
-0.047
24.607
0
24.666
-0.105
50.012
-51.075
57.762
•60.275
500.277
•7.41
51.044
-0.002
36.914
•0.002
3.025
•0.036
5.019
-0.061
49.613
•50.355
5.369
•6.297
992.25
0.233
39.999
-0.199
Zart»_Avfl 3pan_Avfl Rang*
0
4.479
1000
0
0.447
25
0.004
0.491
25
1.021
2.629
200
1.044
1.222
200
0.015
0.672
5000
0
2.096
500
0
1.126
200
0.013
1.676
15
0.012
2.403
25
1.011
4.226
200
1.166
4.306
20
0
0.45
5000
0.005
2.66
200
160.236
16.911
56.519
53.305
[
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Taating:
inscription: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: August 30,1999
GCJUig.,30J 999.22:02:45 Description: Analyzer
8m
Pre.CO
Rr»jC02
Pr*J>2
PreJMharm
PntsJitx\Mt#*r*
F*e_NOx
PnJHC
PcmIjCO
Po*LC02
Petf_02
Po*.Mat«r»
Post_Noi\Me*wr»
Pest_NO*
Post THC
-0.047
0
-0.05?
4S.WI
133.366
-2.015
-0.994
100.492
24.879
24.785
52 744
120.475
495 796
law Value
Zaro Avg Span_Avg Range
0 1.52 1000
0201
0.178
2
1,163
1.725
0833
39532
3.047
8.017
49 813
5389
99137
40336
0.001
0.026
0.01
1.011
116$
0
0.022
0.415
0.655
0.685
4.228
4.306
0914
1.082
CAL_Aug.,3O_1999_20:53:27 Description:
On
Pre_CO
PWJC02
Pr«_02
PmJMmm
Prt.NOx
PnJHC
Past_C0
PqsI_C02
PwAJXt
PwAjAtthr*
Post_Ncn_Me**rw
Po»t_NOx
Post^THC
110.541
24 879
24.765
62.744
120.475
495.791
•om
50.78
39.532
3.047
5.017
49.613
5.369
#91.37
40.336
XaroAvg
Span_Avg
Range
0
4.476
1000
0
0.442
25
0.002
0.487
23
1.37
2.611
200
1.107
1.193
200
0.004
5.512
5000
0.02
2.128
500
0,001
1.105
200
0.028
1.66
15
0.01
2 402
25
1.011
2.826
200
1.16ft
3.06
20
0
2.755
5006
0.022
2.875
200
ftError
Engine CKms: Dltsal Coihpiwkm Ignited, Four-Stroke
Engine Type: 3508 Caterpillar
fast Points: Analyzer Llnerfty
QCAug.,30_1999_21:21:32
0«
Pre_CO
Pre_COZ
PTB.02
Pn_M
-------
SAMPLE SYSTEM
RESPONSE TIME
STATION Colorado State
HATP / ~Z r**s / ci a
L"* ' t Of-S C) / I 1—
Pre-Catalyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
% : 5 \ : O o 0 M
DURATION
( 1 | O MIN.
ANALYSER TYPE
5£fcvonis.x fint
INITIAL READING
\OP-r.
FINAL READING
C '' O
Post-Cataiyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
:n/ : no Pm
DURATION
) MIN.
ANALYSER TYPE
AJ(rA?J>of> 0>PfHT
INITIAL READING
11%
FINAL READING
-------
SAMPLE LINE
LEAK CHECK
STATION Colorado State
DATE
PRE-Catalyst Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
% : \moo Pm
DURATION
\ MIN.
INITIAL VACUUM
i 1 . B in. Hg
FINAL VACUUM
H L 5 in. Hg
POST-Catalyst Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
€ : I 5 : OO P M
DURATION
| MIN.
INITIAL VACUUM
~. ^ in. Hg
FINAL VACUUM
H, ~) in. Hg
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Rega 7000
Date: August 31, 1999 through September 2,1999
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbo Charged-After Cooled Engine
Engine Type: Caterpillar 3508
Test Points: Pre Catalyst
31-Aug-99
COLO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
C02
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
NO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
CH4
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
H2CO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Mutti Gas
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Recovery
H2CO Integrity
CO
Mufti Gas
158.791
190.972
160.739
192.408
157
190
6435962 68000
66679.37 68000
248.688
250.378
260
260
1275.09
1291.618
1300
5.07
5.125
5.125
5.09
5.197
5.197
5.36
5.36
5.07
5.36
5 36
5.09
¦
250.609
252.438
263
-Seg-|
99
COLO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
C02
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
NO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
CH4
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
H2CO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
NOX
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Pre Test
H2C0
H2C0 Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Mutti Gas
Post Test
H2C0
H2CO Integrity
H2C0 Recovery
CO
Multi Gas
159.033
191.2482
160.356
190.652
157
190
65242.36 68000
65071 45 68000
249.5936
249.573
260
260
1274.731
1271.792
1300
5.084
5.108
5.108
5.155
5.168
5.168
5.36
5.36
5.084
5.36
5 36
5.155
m
251.3955
251.538
263
2-Sep-99
COLO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
C02
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
NO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
H2C0
NOX
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Pre Test
H2C0
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multi Gas
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multi Gas
159.503
191.982
158.967
191.097
157
190
64410.71 68000
65795.03 68000
250.286
260
1283.932
5.181
5.208
5.208
5 124
5.209
5.209
536
5.36
5.181
5.36
5.36
5.124
252.059
251.568
263
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicotet Magna 560
Date: August 31,1999 through September 2,1999
Engine Class: Deisel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke, Turbo Charged-After Cooled Engine
Engine Type: Caterpillar 3508
Test Points: Post Catalyst
31-Aug-9S
COLO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
CQ2
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
NO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
H2CO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
NOX
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Mull; Gas
Post Test
H2C0
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multi Gas
18.574
185.908
17.662
184.32
16.8
190
168
190
70217.09 68000
70059.86 68000
248.468
248.468
1300.15
1293.198
1300
5.202
5.464
5.464
5.398
5.832
5.832
5.36
5.36
5.202
5.36
536
5.396
¦
248.468
263
1 -Sep-99
COLO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
C02
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
NO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
CH4
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
H2CO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
NOX
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Mufti Gas
Post Test
H2C0
H2CO Integrity
H2C0 Recovery
CO
Multi Gas
18.12
185.014
17.838
182.902
16.8
190
16.8
190
70057.59 68000
70552.77 68000
250.91
246.312
260
260
1295.444
1276.016
1300
1300
5.332
5.298
5.298
5.288
5.296
5.296
5.36
5.36
5.332
5.36
5 36
5.288
250.91
246.312
263
263
2^eg-99
COLO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
C02
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
NO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
H2CO
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
NOX
Measured
(PPM)
Actual
(PPM)
Percent
Error
Pre Test
H2C0
H2CO Integrity
H2C0 Recovery
CO
Mutti Gas
Post Test
H2C0
H2CO Integrity
H2C0 Recovery
CO
Mutti Gas
17.87
183.758
18.006
185.174
16.8
190
70245.58 68000 HI 248.296
250.618
260
260
1272.348
1287.816
1300
1300
5.304
5.532
5.532
5.422
5.542
5.542
5.36
5 36
5.304
5.36
5.36
5.422
248.296
250.618
263
263
-------
FT I R
SAMPLE SYSTEM
LEAK CHECK
STATION Colorado State
DATE
Pre-Catalyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
y -.m -.on ak
DURATION
\ MIN.
INITIAL PRESSURE
Wl>,^ in.Torr
FINAL PRESSURE
I 2,5. H in.Torr
v¦> vu^»e- . j,¦ ¦ .-A, „* i .-.^ .. ¦.. . *Ji
TIME OF DAY
*) : f\C :60 Afi>]
DURATION
\ MIN.
INITIAL PRESSURE
1 "21.S in. Tort
FINAL PRESSURE
I *2£,6 in.Torr
-------
FTIR
SAMPLE SYSTEM
LEAK CHECK
STATION Colorado State
DATE _3JJlLL13.
PRE-Catalyst Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
*) : &2. : (Or*. A M
DURATION
D MiN.
INITIAL FLOW RATE
10 Uw+ttf
FINAL FLOW RATE
A
LJ jflrng
POST-Catalyst Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
: F»S : OO AM
DURATION
1 MIN.
INITIAL FLOW RATE
~ V"«
10 icxtfg
FINAL FLOW RATE
C?
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX F
FTIR CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 26 August 1999
OUTLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)=
6.9
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = j
0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARAE
SLE UNITS AS SUM
ED)
CONCENTRATION IN PP
VI (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES
UNSPIKED SAMI
>LES
RUN#
A
B
C
D
A-B
(A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
1
6.73
6.86
0.00
0.00
-0.13
0.02
0.00
0.00
2
6.60
6.74
0.00
0.00
-0.14
0.02
0.00
0.00
3
7.00
6.79
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.04
0,00
0.00
4
6.76
6.93
0,00
0.00
-0.17
0.03
0.00
0.00
5
6.88
7.16
0.00
0.00
-0.28
0,08
0.00
0.00 ,
6
7.10
6.93
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.03
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=! 6.87
Mm=
0.00
|
STANDARD DEVIATION: |
I
I
|
1 1 1
SPIKED SDs-
0.13
UNSPKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
2 0%
(acceptable)
|
RELATIVE STD RSDu=
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
0 00
B=
-0.027
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.134
j
t-VALUE=
0.198
CRITICAL t-VALUE=
2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bins not statistically significant, CF not needed.
|
i CORRECTION FACTOR
1.004
(Acceptable)
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACETALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 26 August 1999 OUTLET
ANALYTE SPIKING; QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 10.0
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN#
A
B
C
D
A-B
(A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
1
8.31
8.17
0.00
0,00
0.14
0.02
0.00
0.00
2
8.05
8.33
0.00
0.00
-0.28
0.08
0.00
0.00
3
8.19
8.63
0.00
0,00
-0.44
0.19
0.00
0.00
4
8.62
8.45
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.03
0.00
0.00
5
8.18
8.21
0.00
0.00
-0.03
0.00
0,00
0.00
6
8.08
8.47
0.00
0.00
-0.39
0.15
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
E.31
Mm=
0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.20
UNSPIKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
2.4% (acceptable)
BIAS:
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrected Unspiked Cone = 0,00
B= -1.693
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.199
t-VALUE=
8.520
CRITICAL t-VALUE=
(n=l2, alpha=95%)
2.201
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 1.204 (Acceptable)
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACROLEIN
Date Conducted: 26 August 1999 OUTLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 9.8
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples - 0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN#
A
B
C
D
A-B
(A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
1
9.93
9.64
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.08
0.00
0.00
2
10.45
10.17
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.08
0.00
0.00
3
11.07
10.19
0.00
0.00
0,88
0.77
0.00
0.00
4
10.42
10.49
0.00
0.00
-0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
5
10.44
11.00
0.00
0.00
-0.56
0.31
0.00
0.00
6
10.72
10.65
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
10.43
Mm=
0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.32
UNSPIKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
3.1% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B= 0.631
0.00
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.324
t-VALUE=
1.947
CRITICAL t-VALUE=
(n=12, alpha=95%)
2,201
Bias not statistically significant, CF not needed.
CORRECTION FACTOR 0.940 (Acceptable)
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Magna 560 Engine Type: 3508 Caterpiller
Date: August 26,1999 Time: 18:10:49 to 18:24:25 Test Points: Post Catalyst Validation
me
H2CO
(~-)H2CO
ACROL
(+-)ACROL
MECHO
(+-)MECHO
COLO
(+-)COLO
C02
(+-)C02
NO
(+-)NO
N02
(+-JN02
46.07
10.72
026
1083
1.66
8.88
0.84
107.24
0 77
54221.49
660.26
1267.26
17.61
23 34
11.92
102.48
10.79
026
1015
1.7
8.57
0.83
106 39
0.76
54111.76
658 73
1256 96
1752
2301
12.27
158.9
10.59
0 25
10.64
1 59
8.76
082
105.27
0 75
53984 76
653.26
1254.59
17 33
22 83
12.43
215.32
10.95
026
1084
1.67
8 73
0.84
108 69
0 79
53900.31
661 45
1255.38
17.31
22.93
12.63
271 73
11.12
0.26
1084
1 64
884
0.84
111.24
0.83
53805 67
649 02
1256 9
17.37
23 02
12.66
328.15
10.84
0.26
10.32
1.67
8.77
0.83
107.84
0 78
53827 89
65372
1260.89
17.5
23.23
12.81
384.57
10.78
0.26
1049
1.73
882
0.83
107 62
0 77
53616.35
670 03
1259.4
17.58
23.1
12.73
440.98
10.98
0.25
1084
1.69
8 73
0.82
107 79
0.76
53717 44
652 18
1263.03
17 48
22.95
12.8
498.35
10.98
025
11.13
1.64
871
0.83
108.75
0 79
53630 87
66075
1253.97
17 59
22.79
12.94
554.77
11.29
0.25
10.8
1.64
8 74
0.83
108 93
08
53833 39
664.53
1258 85
17 63
22.87
12.99
611.18
11.12
0.26
1094
1 71
853
0.83
107.69
0 78
53676 48
657 25
1267 58
17.59
23.07
13.03
668.55
11,39
0 26
10.65
1 67
867
0.84
1066
0.74
53682 89
670.74
1266 5
17.64
2304
13.14
724 97
11.02
0 25
1004
1.72
8.38
0.82
109 01
0 78
54429 33
666.32
1282 86
17.87
23.77
12.84
781 37
2.59
023
0.98
1.29
0 63
0.77
143.65
1 53
72336 01
749 99
1653 64
33 29
46 9
6.99
-------
46 07
102.48
158.9
215.32
271 73
328 15
384.57
440 98
498 35
554 77
611 18
668.55
724 97
781 37
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Magna 560 Engine Type: 3508 Caterpiller
Date: August 26,1999 Time: 18:10:49 to 18:24:25 Test Points: Post Catalyst Validation
NOX
(+-)NOX
CH4
(+-JCH4
C2H4
(+-)C2H4
C2H6
(+-)C2H6
C3H8
(+-)C3H8
THC
(+-)THC
H20
(+-)H20
1290.6
2953
30.55
1.62
1.36
0.33
2 98
1.82
0
1 74
45.34
11.42
135912.37
2000.58
1279.96
29.79
30 49
1 64
1 33
0 34
3.08
1 85
0
1.76
45.73
11.75
137667 14
2000.63
1277.42
29 75
3057
1.63
1.4
0 32
3.04
1 84
0
1.75
45 16
11 48
138473.59
1986.54
1278.31
29 94
30.59
1.64
1.34
0.33
309
1.85
0
1.77
46 4
11 82
139314.76
2013.88
1279.92
30.02
30.56
1.65
1.27
0.32
303
1 85
0
1 77
46 46
11.63
139575 27
1977.15
1284.12
30.3
30 56
1 65
1 38
0 33
3.08
1 86
0
1.77
4592
11.87
139985 72
1992 27
1282.5
30.3
30.57
1.65
14
0.34
308
1 85
0
1.77
46 03
11 89
140464 2
2044.31
1285.98
30 28
30 57
1.65
1 28
0,33
3.11
1.86
0
1.77
46.15
118
140268 12
1988 83
1276 76
30 53
30.51
1 67
1 34
0.32
309
1 88
0
1.79
46 7
11.79
141022.57
2017.17
1281.72
30 63
30 48
1 68
1.37
0 32
3.11
1 89
0
1.8
47.46
11.61
14117892
2027.93
1290.66
30 62
30 58
1 66
1 43
0.34
3 15
1 87
0
1.78
48.13
11.9
14203236
2008.54
1289.54
30 79
30.53
1 69
1.31
0.33
322
19
0
1.81
4641
12.08
142097 84
2049.87
1306.62
30 71
30 54
1.65
1 35
034
3.04
1 86
0
1 78
47.09
11 93
140072 24
2027.47
1700 54
40 28
30.81
1.23
2.32
025
1.8
1 38
0
1.32
40.48
8 74
91748 22
2049.22
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Magna 560 Engine Type: 3508 Caterpiller
Date: August 26,1999 Time: 18:10:49 to 18:24:25 Test Points: Post Catalyst Validation
time
SF6
(+-JSF6
CH30H
(+-)CH30H
13BUT
(+-)13BUT
S02
(+-)S02
46 07
0.38
001
382
0.49
1 05
1.53
7.85
3 15
102.48
0.38
0.01
3.74
0.49
1.16
1.6
8.06
3.13
158.9
0.38
0.01
3.7
0 51
0.96
1.54
8.09
3 29
215.32
0.38
0.01
406
0.52
1 25
1.61
7 67
3.18
271.73
0.39
001
3 96
051
1.36
1 56
7.03
3.07
328 15
038
0.01
394
0.52
1.13
1.62
8 06
307
384.57
0.38
0.01
3.73
0 5
1 19
1 63
939
3.03
440.98
0.38
001
3 95
0.51
1 22
1.6
8.08
3 15
498.35
0.38
001
3 92
0 51
1.38
1 59
8.04
3 2
554 77
038
0.01
393
051
1 58
1.53
852
3
611.18
0.39
0 01
398
0 51
1.68
1.62
8.73
3.1
668.55
0.38
001
3.94
0.51
1.23
1.65
7.55
302
72497
0.37
001
376
0 52
1.54
1 63
8 18
3.12
781.37
0.01
0.01
0
0.38
053
1.26
882
2.8
-------
H2CO-INLET
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 26 August 1999
| INLET
ANALYTE SPIKING; QUAD TRAINS | | |
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= | 9.8 j
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = j
| 0.81
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
| CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)] |
| SPIKED SAMPLES
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN# A
B
C i D
A-Bj (A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
11 10.72
10.79
2.40
2.37
-0.07
0.00
0.03
0.00
21 10.59
10.95
2.45
2.42
-0.36
0.13
0.03
0.00
3j 11.12
10.84
2.41! 2.39
0.28
0.08
0.02
0.00
4! 10.781 10.98! 2.39
2.41
-0.20
0.04
-0.02
0.00
5; 10.98 11.291 2.45
2.41
-0.31
0.10
0.04
0.00
6j 11.121 11.39 j 2.421 2.37
-0.27
0.07
0.05
0.00
i 111
i
AVERAGE:! Sm=| 10.96 1 Mm=! 2.41 ! j |
j i i j i 1 j
STANDARD DEVIATION:! i j | !
i : 1 1 i ! i
; « 1 ; ' i
I SPIKED SDs= | 0.19 j j |
1 III!)
1 UNSPIKED SDu= j 0.02 | | !
! 1 I !
RELATIVE STD RSDs= i 1.7%'(acceptable) 1 |
: 1 ! ' i ! 1
RELATIVE STD RSDu= | 1.0% j (acceptable)
|
! ill!
BIAS: j 1
i I !
| Corrected Unspiked Cone = i 1.95
1
B=
-0.818
i
! |
| 1
1
1
I STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.189 | 1
1
1 1
; i
! i
i
S it-VALUE=
4.326 ! 1
j |
! !
! CRITICAL t-VALUE=
2.2011 !
1
i (n=12, alpha=95%)
1 !
i
i
i 1
iBias is statistically significant 1 1
| |
1
'.III
I CORRECTION FACTOR | 1.091 (Acceptable) |
I 1 111
END OF ANALYTE SPIKING SPREADSHEET. PRESS "HOME"-KEY TO RE
.TURN.
Page 1
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACETALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 26 August 1999 INLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 9.5
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.81
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UMTS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN#
A
B
C
D
A-B
(A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
1
8.88
8.57
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.10
0.00
0.00
2
8.76
8.73
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
8.84
8.77
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
8.82
8.73
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.01
0.00
0.00
5
8.71
8.74
0.00
0.00
-0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
6
8.53
8.67
0.00
0.00
-0.14
0.02
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
8.73
Mm=
0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.10
UNSPIKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs= 1.2% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B= -0.771
0.00
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.104
t-VALUE=
7.392
CRITICAL t-VALUE=
(n=12» alpha=95%)
2.201
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 1.088 (Acceptable)
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACROLEIN
Date Conducted: 26 August 1999 INLET
ANALYTE SPIKING; QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 9.3
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.81
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN#
A
B
C
D
A-B
(A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
1
10.83
10.15
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.46
0.00
0.00
2
10.64
10.84
0.00
0.00
-0.20
0.04
0.00
0.00
3
10.84
10.32
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.27
0.00
0.00
4
10.49
10.84
0.00
0.00
-0.35
0.12
0.00
0.00
5
11.13
10.80
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.11
0.00
0.00
6
10.94
10.65
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.08
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
10.71
Mm=
0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.30
UNSPIKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
2.8% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone = 0.00
B= 1.406
STD OF MEAN SDm= 0.301
t-VALUE= 4.668
CRITICAL t-VALUE= 2.201
(n=l2, alpha=95%)
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 0.869 (Acceptable)
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Rega 7000 Engine Type: 3S08 Caterpiller
Date: August 26,1999 Time: 18:28:24 to 18:45:09 Test Points: Pre Catalyst Validation
time
H2CO
<+-)H2CO
ACROL
(+-)ACROL
MECHO
(+-)MECHO
COLO
(+-)COLO
C02
(+-)C02
NO
(+-)NO
N02
(+-)N02
46.18
10.9
0 25
1054
1.67
8 24
0.82
1066
0.75
54039 36
682 68
1252 78
17.62
23.32
13.51
103 55
252
0.23
0.39
117
073
0.77
140.66
1.5
72351.8
750 99
1642.57
32.97
47.08
699
159.97
2.38
0.23
0.74
1 29
0 43
0 76
136.9
1.4
72533 15
766 75
1642.09
33.04
46 61
6.99
216.38
2.42
0.23
053
1.25
062
0.77
138.23
1.43
72481.87
756.67
1638.04
32.79
46 39
6.99
272.8
235
0.23
0.51
1 22
0.58
0.77
135.11
1 36
72315 99
720.02
1650 54
33.44
46.83
697
329.22
2.39
0.24
0.8
1 23
083
0.79
135 97
1 39
72310.97
746
1652.06
33 54
46 69
6.93
385.63
2.4
0.23
068
1.22
056
0.78
136 37
1.4
72382 79
732.18
1640.25
32 75
46.07
6.96
442 05
2.37
0.24
1.04
12
071
0.79
136 86
1.41
72372 12
752.84
1640.88
32.76
46.02
6 91
498.47
2.45
023
0.63
1 24
0.7
0.77
137 55
1 41
72446 15
757.63
163951
32.84
4567
6.99
554.88
2.42
0.24
078
1 23
065
0.79
139 58
1 48
7225525
741.89
1636.22
32.55
45.46
6.93
611 3
2.41
0.23
0.74
1 21
0 45
0.76
138 57
1 46
72193.08
731.62
1638.22
32.39
45 08
6.9
667.72
2.39
023
0.67
1 24
0.5
0.78
137 43
1 41
72236.42
734 86
1642.26
32.71
45 25
6.81
725.08
2.39
0.24
0.62
1 26
065
0.78
135.07
1 35
72232.02
730.24
1646.8
33
45.32
6 86
781.5
2 41
0.23
09
1 15
061
0.77
136.88
1.41
7215371
74201
1647 06
33.05
45.4
6.87
837.92
2.45
0 23
0.3
1.2
0 48
0.76
138.16
1 45
72268.14
724 4
1639 33
32 79
4506
6.84
894.33
2.41
0.23
0.79
1 23
0 57
0.76
139.57
1 49
72155 96
735 43
1642.33
3283
45.06
6.91
950.75
2.42
024
0.48
1 23
0.59
0.78
13917
1.45
72282 41
742 37
1631 46
32.29
44.22
693
1007.17
2.37
0 23
067
1 29
0.67
0.77
141.07
1.51
72220 32
747.6
1631.55
32 45
44.53
6 87
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Rega 7000 Engine Type: 3508 Caterpiller
Date: August 26,1999 Time: 18:28:24 to 18:45:09 Test Points: Pre Catalyst Validation
time
NOX
(+-)NOX
CH4
<+-)CH4
C2H4
(+-)C2H4
C2H6
(+-JC2H6
C3H8
(+-JC3H8
THC
(+-)THC
H20
(+-)H20
4618
1276.1
31.13
30.5
1 69
1 29
0.33
3 19
1.9
0
1.82
47.86
12.32
144623 41
2090.21
103.55
1689.65
39 96
30.79
1 24
2 12
0.23
1.78
1 39
0
1.33
39.83
8.42
92600 86
2054.44
159.97
1688.7
40 03
30.79
1 28
2.19
0.25
1 82
1 44
0
1.37
39.64
8.6
92490 91
2096.35
216.38
1684 44
39 79
30.82
1.28
2 13
0.25
1.8
1 44
0
1.38
40.89
8.86
92543 45
2069 17
272.8
1697.37
40 41
30.79
1 29
2.14
0.24
174
1.45
0
1.39
39.3
8 82
91499 99
1966 72
329.22
1698.75
40.46
30.8
1.3
2.17
0.24
1.79
1 46
0
1.4
40 45
85
91205 85
2036.84
385 63
1686.33
39 71
30.77
13
2.2
0.24
1.75
1.46
0
1.39
40 25
8.77
91978 56
2001.02
442.05
1686.9
39 67
308
1 29
2 22
0.24
1.77
1.45
0
1.38
39.57
8 76
92067 68
2057.8
498 47
1685.18
39 83
30.83
1.31
2 25
0.25
1.78
1.47
0
14
39 93
8.78
92060 92
2070 52
554.88
1681.69
39.47
30.81
1 31
22
0.24
18
1.48
0
1 41
39 07
8.98
9148967
2026.7
611.3
1683.3
39.29
30.91
1.3
2 24
0.24
1.77
1 46
0
14
39 82
894
92408.57
2001 63
667.72
1687 51
39.52
30.85
1.3
2.16
0.25
1.77
1 46
0
1.39
39 92
8 74
91199 79
2006.74
725.08
1692.12
39.87
30.86
13
2 16
0.25
1.75
1.47
0
14
40 01
9 08
91196.04
1994 14
781.5
1692.47
39 92
30 85
1.3
2.17
0.23
1.69
1 47
0
14
38 82
8 75
91360.31
2027 14
837.92
1684.39
39 64
30.82
1.3
2.2
0.24
1 67
1 47
0
14
40 59
8 64
91893 48
1980.04
894.33
1687.39
39 73
30.79
1.31
221
0.24
1.76
1.48
0
1.41
40.26
9.03
91748.78
2010.28
950.75
1675.68
39.22
30 82
1 32
2.24
0.24
1.81
1 48
0
1 41
38 95
8.6
92573.27
2031.1
1007.17
1676.08
3932
30.79
1.32
2 15
0.25
1.8
1 48
0
1.41
39 59
9 05
92617 94
2045 84
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Diesel Fueled, Compression Ignited, Four-Stroke
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Rega 7000 Engine Type: 3508 Caterpiller
Date: August 26,1999 Time: 18:28:24 to 18:45:09 Test Points: Pre Catalyst Validation
time
SF6
(+-)SF6
CH30H
(+-)CH30H
13BUT
(+-)13BUT
S02
(+-)S02
46.18
0.37
0.01
358
0.53
1.76
1.71
7.66
3 06
103.55
0
001
0
0.39
0 47
1.17
12.7
2 91
159.97
0
001
0
0.4
0.35
1 18
10.53
296
216.38
0
0.01
0
039
0.75
1 25
9.73
2 74
272.8
0
0.01
0
038
0.33
1.23
1049
2 87
329.22
0
0.01
0
041
0.6
1 13
1072
2 88
385.63
0
001
0
0.39
0.56
1.21
10 14
2 74
442.05
0
001
0
0.41
0 34
1 22
9.59
2.75
498.47
0
001
0
0.4
041
1.2
1006
2 84
554.88
0
0.01
0
0 38
019
1 26
1085
2 69
611.3
0
001
0
0.4
0 37
1.26
1041
2 85
667.72
0
0.01
0
0.38
0 46
1.2
893
2.92
725.08
0
0.01
0.06
0.41
0.48
1.2
1033
27
781 5
0
0.01
0
0 4
0.18
1.21
11.35
2 83
837.92
0
001
0
0 41
0.69
1 17
11 17
266
894 33
0
001
0.06
038
054
1 19
10 12
3.06
950 75
0
001
0
0.41
0.12
1 15
1005
2 63
1007.17
0
001
0
0 4
0.37
1 27
11 72
2.95
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX G
FTIR VALIDATION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COMPLIANCE CLASS
H Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.10NQM0NTX0 80501 Phone:888-253-1635 Fax:303-772-7673
TNI
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.; PI65299
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-52254-023
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. , EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER
NTRM 1878 • / 5/24/01 ALM04I017
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR Svstem/8220/AA894GQ251
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
Standards;
1/15/2002
TRACEABILITY
NIST
CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
49.90 PPM CO/N2
DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
12/31/98 Scott Enhanced FTIR
This certification, was performed according to EPA Traeeability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibre
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALMQ27362 Certification Date: 1/15/99 Exp. Date:
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1982 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY**
CARBON MONOXIDE 43,8 PPM +1-2%
NITROGEN BALANCE
Do not use When cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
* * Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:*^L){Urt?K Ub*.
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
B ATA PT ACQ
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK (O.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
»
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: PI 65299
Project No.: 08-52254-025
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #<31; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM039419 Certification Date: 1/15/99 Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
Cylinder Pressure* **: 1746 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
157 PPM +/- 1% NIST
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
PPM
BALANCE
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure Is telow 150 psig.
* * Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as ¦»•/- t % analytical accuracy Is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYFE/SRM NO.
NTRM 1680
EXPIRATION DATE
4/09/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
AIMQ66528
CONCENTRATION
498.8 PPM
COMPONENT
CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT /MODEL/SERIAL#
fTIR System/5220/AAB940Q251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scon Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis
CARBON MONOXIDE
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T=Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curva
Date: 01/08/99 Raiponsa Unit; PPM
21 - -0.192 R1-498.55
Tl-157.23
M-499.18 "'v 22-.0.014.
T2- 157.29
23 - iasmj-y.T3 -1 B7*37
R3-493.67
Avg. Concemrttion: i 157.3
PPM
Data: 01/15^99
R«pon»a Unit; PPM
Z1--0.304
Tl *157.48
R2- 499.05
22 ¦>•0,218
T2-157.32
23-.0,22$
T3-157,43
R3 »• 498.37
Avg. Concantratlon: 1S7.4
PPM
Concanttatlon"
A+ Ba + Ci2 + Qi3 ¦* 1x4
»*0.999990
Constanta:
A-O.OCOOOO
B -1.000000
C-0.QQ0Q00
D-C.000000
E-0.000000
Special Notts:
APPROVED BY: Tlf/ttb~
Devon VonFsldt
« I II
-------
RATA CLASS
Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.tONGMONT.CQ 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax; 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY; Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-031
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabiiity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997,
Cylinder Number: ALM052548
Cylinder Pressure***: 1998 PSIG
COMPONENT
Certification Date;
1/19/99
Exp. Date; 1/19/2002
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
CARSON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
1.99
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+ /- 1 %
TRACEABILITY
NIST
BALANCE
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below ISO psig.
* * Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + >- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYFE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION
NTRMSQQO 7/17/01 AIM048931 5.032 %
COMPONENT
C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
C02/AIA-220'5 70497012
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/19/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
First Triad Analysis
CARBON DIOXIDE
(Z = ZeroGas R« Reference Gas T = TestGas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curv«
01/19/99 RMponM Unit". %
21 •¦0.002 R1 -$.0380
T1-1.9920
R2-B.0340 "VZ2--0.001
T2-1.991Q
za--0.001 : ; T3-1.9940
R3-6.0320
Avq. ConomtratiMi: V; 1.992
%
Concmtfaflon*)
A + Bx 4* Cx2 4* 0*3 "f* 1x4
r-0.999999
Constants:
A--0.009819
B-0.730i91
C *0.046291
D-Q.00S346
E •0,000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: 1
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONG MONT, CO 80501
Phone; 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY; Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
Project No.: 08-54131-014
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM008282 Certification Date: 3/03/99 Exp, Date: 3/03/2002
Cylinder Pressure" * *: 1862 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY" TRACEABILITY
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
21. 3
%
BALANCE
+ /- V
NIST
""Do not use when cylirsdir pressure is below 150 psig.
* * Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usuai known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as +/- 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM WO.
NTRM 1675
EXPIRATION DATE
1/01/03
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALMOOS792
CONCENTRATION
13,86 %
COMPONENT
C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
C02MWA-22Q/570497012
ANALYZER READINGS
PATE LAST CALIBRATED
02/23/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
First Triad Analysis
CARBON DIOXIDE
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
D«u: 03/03/99
R*spon»« Unkt! %
21 -0.1000
R1-13.8S0
T1-21.390
R2- 13.910
Z2-. 0.0500
T2-21.270
23-0.0300
T3 m 21.240
S3-13.820
Avg. Conctntrattan: 21,30
%
Conc«ntra*kifi * A.+ Bx + C*2 + D*3 + 1x4
r-0.999968
Conjwnu; A ¦ -0,044800
8*8.531250 C--2.667969
D - 0.492666 t m 0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed. Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RO.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 883-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
L0NGM0NT,C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
Project No.: 08-54131-012
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80S24
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number; ALM062109 Certification Date: 3/02/99 Exp. Date: 3/01/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 2010 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY* • TRACEABILITY
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
4.38
%
BALANCE
+ /- 1%
NIST
*** Do riot usb when cylinder pr»$igre is below 150 ssig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as*/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 2858
EXPIRATION DATE
1/02/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM031S52
CONCENTRATION
9.680 %
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
PARA MAS 02/S6RV0MEX/244/701/1446
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
02/20/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
PARAMAGNETIC
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient!
Calibration Curve
OXYGEN
D.u: 03/02/99
ft«9pon«« Unit; PCT
21.0,0010
R1-4.3800
T1-9.7000
82 - 9,8700
Z2 - 0.0010
T2-4.3BQ0
23*0.0019
T3- 4.3700
R3-9.67QC
Avg. Concentration: 4.377
%
Csncmttalion ¦ A + Bx + Cx2 +- 0*3 ~ 1*4
r. 0.899978
Constants A--0.008156
¦ -10.048744 C-0.00000
0« 0.00000 E» 0.00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
iJ ' H.
DIANA BEEHLER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT, CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-029
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This'certification was performed according to EPA Tracsability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards:
Procedure #Q1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALMC36531
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1995 PSIG
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
Certification Date:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
1/19/99
Exp. Date: 1/18/2002
12.0
%
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY* *
+ /- 1%
TRACEABIUTY
NIST
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
*" Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known trror sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as 4-1- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. . EXPIRATION DATS CYLINDER NUMBER
NTRM 2659 .. 1/02/01 ALM03171S
CONCENTRATION
20.72 %
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMEMT/M0DEL/SER1AL#
PARA MAG 0 2/SERVOMEX/244/70/1446
PATE LAST CALIBRATED
01H 2/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
PARAMAGNETIC
ANALYZER READINGS
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient!
Calibration Curve
OXYGEN
0«t»: 01/19/99 Rispon*« Unit: PCT
21-0.0005 R1 -20.720
T1 - 12.030
RZ-20.720 "*'V Z2-Q.Q007
T2-124310
23-0.0008 .T3« 20.720
R3« 12.000
Avg. • -4 12.02
< • ~
%
. V... S\i
'. - „/
.V"
Concentration »
A + Bx + Cx2 + 0»3 + £x4
f-0.9S99S9
Constant*:
A--0.005293
B-24.936153
C« 0.00000
D-O.0OOOO
fr-0.00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: A/UQ. :
DIANA BfEHLER
« •_ ,.
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY; EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
' -T-
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-030
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification, was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL2794 Certification Date: 1/19/99 Exp. Date: 1/18/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1995 PS1G
' " ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
OXYGEN .
NITROGEN
21.1
%
BALANCE
-/- 1%
NIST
'* Do not use whan cylinder pressure is below ISO psig.
' Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as-t-/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
EXPIRATION DATE
NTRM 2659 1/02/01
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
PARAMAG 02/SERV0MEX/244/7Q1/1446
ANALYZER READINGS
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM031719
CONCENTRATION
20.72 %
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/12/99
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
PARAMAGNETIC
OXYGEN
First Triad Analysis
(Z*» Zero Gas R»Reference Gas T=TestGas
Second Triad Analysis
0*t»t 01/19/99
Response Unit: PCT
21-0.0005
Hi-20 720
T1-21,110
32-20.720
Z2 *0.0007
T2*21.110
Z3-0X>008v'^
T3-Z1.100
R3 ¦» 20.720
Av9. Conc«ntr»uom.*3 21,11
%
i
• '*•/***
r « Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
CancMKntkm m A + Sx + Cx2+0*3 + Ek*
»-0.999999
Conitartts: A-4.005293
8 ¦ 24.996153 C-O.OOQOC
Q-O.OCfOOO 1-0,00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY;
SjLa
DIANA BEEHLER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
3UU VVtAVtH CAKK KU.LUNliMUN I ,l#U BUbUl
CHECK CLASS
Noncertified Calibration Standard
Fhone: 8B8-2b^1S3b Pax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMANCE: Check Class Calibration Standard
Product Information
Project No.: 08-52623-OO1
Item No.; 08023333' YA
P.O. No.: DP0763155
Folio #:
Cylinder Number: 1A8708
Cylinder Size: A
Certification Date: 1 /12/1999
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS, CO 80524
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
Component Name
Concentration
(Moles)
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
40.
Accuracy
( + /-%)
%
BALANCE
APPROVED BY: _ _____
" DIANA MEHLER
Atlfl A DATE: '/ixh*!
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
gaijjped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LOHGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
A N A L Y S I S
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
t?KTT7DnV Tan
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54125-002
PO#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 0801543 AL
DATE: 2/16/99
CYLINDER #: ALM044013
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HYDROGEN
GRADE: 2ERO GAS
PURITY: 99.99%
IMPURITY
THC
CAS# 1333-74-0
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0.5 PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
CGA 3 50
2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
(jJt
WAYNEf JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Shipped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
JfcLi JrC JL XT 1 L a i L U r
Fax: 303-772-7673
A N A L Y S I S
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54125-002
PO#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 0801543 AL
DATE: 2/16/99
CYLINDER #: ALM007853
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HYDROGEN
GRADE: ZERO GAS
PURITY: 99.99%
IMPURITY
THC
CAS# 1333-74-0
MAXIMUM
CQNCENtRAT IONS
0.5.PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
CGA 350
2000 PSIG
/ /
ANALYST;
*AJ
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
anipped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE
O F
Fax; 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
43 0 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
PROJECT #: 08-52623-002
PO#; DP0763155
ITEM #: 08022333 5A
DATE: 1/12/99
CO 80524
CYLINDER #: 1C1367
FILL PRESSURE: 2255 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-2%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 1/08/2002
BLEND TYPE
COMPONENT
HYDROGEN
HELIUM
CERTIFIED WORKING STD
i3i?ATTi?c,rri?T,i ra c
CONC MOLES
40
BALANCE
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
40.0 %
BALANCE
CGA 350
2255 PSIG
ANALYST:
SHOCKITES
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
onj-pped
Prom:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE of
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
43 0 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-002
PO#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 08022333 5A
DATE: 1/12/99
CYLINDER #: A2171
FILL PRESSURE: 2248 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-2%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 1/08/2002
BLEND TYPE
COMPONENT
HYDROGEN
HELIUM
CERTIFIED WORKING STD
REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
40 .
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
39.9 %
BALANCE
BALANCE
CGA 350
2248 PSIG
ANALYST;
STEVE SHOCKIT2S
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free Multi-Component EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
P.O. No.:
Project No.
814671
Q8-54617-001
Customer
STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Certified to exceed the minimum specifications at EPA Protocol 1 Procedure #G2.
Cylinder Number:
Cylinder Pressure"
ALM068001
1786 PSIG
Certification Date:
3/16/99
Exp. Date: 3/16/2001
COMPONENT
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
METHANE
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
6780 %
190
1,300
262
263 ,
PPM
PPM
PPM
BALANCE
PPM
ACCURACY*
+ A 2%
+ /- 2%
+ 1-2%
+/- 2%
TRACEABILITY
MIST
NIST
GM1S
GMIS
Reference Value Only
••• Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTHM 5000
NTRM 2636
CH4/AIR 50PP
GMIS
EXPIRATION DATE
7/17/01
2/01/03
2/18/01
1/06/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM049007
AIMO60877
ALM014418
ALMQ39666
CONCENTRATION
5,032 %
248.7 PPM
50.20 PPM
487.0 PPM
COMPONENT
C02/N2
CARBON MONOXIDE
METHANE
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
C02/AIA-220/570497012
H PGC/5710A/2010A99 310
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
FTIR System/8220/AAB94Q0251
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/12/99
03/09/99
03/08/99
03/05/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NCIR
FID
FID
Scott Enhanced FTIR
APPROVED BY:
-------
m Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Diial-Analvzed Calibration Standard
1290 COMBERMERE STREET,TROY,Ml 48083
Phiint: :'.4S-SS9-29S0 Fax: 248-SS3-2134
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY; EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
Customer
P.O. No.: 814671
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 05-42293-002
1290 COMBERMERE STREET
TROY,Ml 48083
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Procedure #G1: September, 1397.
Cylinder Number: ALM05C151
Cylinder Pressure*1400 PSlG
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Certification Data:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
2B9_4
3/11 /99
181,3
440.7
PPM
PPWI
BALANCE
BALANCE
ACCURACY4
+ /- 2%
+ h 2%
Exp. Date: 3/11/2001
TRACEABILITY
NIST
Reference Value Only
• ** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which al least include precision of the measwement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO
NTRM 2631
NTRM 26S4
EXPIRATION DATE
7/01/99
11/01/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM05871B
6LM049028
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT,'MODEL/SERIAL#
BECKMAN/9S1/Q1Q1177
8ECKMAN/96W0101177
CONCENTRATION
2«!7 Pf-ivf
5 ,*H O PHvl
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/11/99
03/1 1 /99
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
chemiluminescense
CHEMILUMINESCENSE
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY;
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
snipped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS CO
80524
PROJECT #: 08-60282-003
PO#: 415020
ITEM #: 0801809 A
DATE: 7/28/99
CYLINDER #: 1C1948
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: ULTRA-HI PURITY
PURITY: 99.9995%
CAS# 7727-37-9
IMPURITY
THC
02
CO
C02
H20
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0.5 PPM
0.5 PPM
1 PPM
1 PPM
2 PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 2 PPM
CGA 580 2200 PSIG
WAYNE J^SjSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Slumped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS CO
80524
PROJECT #: 08-60282-003
PO#: 415020
ITEM #: 0801809 A
DATE: 7/28/99
CYLINDER #: 1C1948
FILL PRESSURE: 22 00 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE
ULTRA-HI PURITY
CAS# 7727-37-9
PURITY: 99.9995%
IMPURITY
THC
02
CO
C02
H20
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0.5 PPM
0.5 PPM
1 PPM
1 PPM
2 PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 2 PPM
CGA 5 B 0
2200 PSIG
ANALYST;
Ai
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
tipped
Prom:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-60282-002
PO#: 415020
ITEM #: 0801817 A
DATE: 7/28/99
CYLINDER #: 1A012759
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: HIGH PURITY
PURITY: 99.99%
CAS# 7727-37-9
CGA 580
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE^ JOHNS ON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
"Stllpped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax; 303-772-7673
AN A L Y S I S
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-60282-002
PO#: 415020
ITEM #: 0801817 A
DATE: 7/28/99
CYLINDER #: 1A012759
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: HIGH PURITY
PURITY: 99.99%
CAS# 7727-37-9
CGA 580 2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHljeON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
fffpped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-60282-001
PO#: 415020
ITEM #: 080153501 AL
DATE: 7/28/99
CYLINDER #: ALM010930
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HELIUM
GRADE: NGG1
PURITY: 99.999%
CAS# 7440-59-7
CGA 580
2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
di,.,;
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Spccicilty Gases
Snipped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE
O F
Fax: 303-772-7673
A N A L Y S I S
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-60282-001
PO#: 415020
ITEM #: 080153501 AL
DATE: 7/28/99
CYLINDER #: ALM01093 0
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HELIUM CAS# 7440-59-7
GRADE: NGG1
PURITY: 99.999%
CGA 580 2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
" WAYNE" JOHNSON
-------
rrpped
Scott Specialty Gases
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
O F
Fax; 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-61260-005
PO#: P169978
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 8/25/99
CYLINDER #: 1A1222
T7TT T DDPQCTTT3P ¦ OOflA DCTH
r liiij JrKllOaUKxi : ZZUU raJ.Ls
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: HYDROCARBONFREE
CAS# 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
02 CONTENT
CO
C02
H20
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
=20 TO 21%
<0.5PPM
<1PPM
<5PPM
<0.1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
20 TO 21%
0.5 PPM
1 PPM
5 PPM
0.1 PPM
i y 9 1 i 1
* •
• « « •
~ ~ 1
• •
• * I
mum
¦ » mm
m t
««*!••
• «•
9 « 4
1 « •
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
(/Jo
f,
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Silipped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
A N A L Y S I S
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-61260-005
PO#: P169978
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 8/25/99
CYLINDER #: A019050
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: HYDROCARBONFREE
CAS# 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
02 CONTEXT
CO
C02
H20
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
=20 TO 21%
< 0.5PPM
<1PPM
<5 PPM
<0.1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
20 TO 21%
0.5 PPM
1 PPM
5 PPM
0.1 PPM
t <*
*~ • «
m •
» • •
• •
* *
• « t •
• « •
!««««•
• 9 ftt
• •
»*«*«•
* * |«
* • I
• »
• * •
> • •
• 9 •
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
(tli
WAYNE JOHNSONS
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Shipped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone; 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE
0 P
Fax; 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-61260-005
PO#; P169978
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 8/25/99
CYLINDER #; 1A016810
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: HYDROCARBONFREE
CAS# 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
02 CONTENT
CO
C02
H20
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
=20 TO 21%
<0.5PPM
<1PPM
<5PPM
<0 .1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
= 20 TO 21%
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 5 PPM
< 0.1 PPM
• • # ~
• •
* • •
• •
• •
* ~ t «
• » *
« * « •
• t
**•«•*
* I
* •
~ • fc
• •
* l •
* • •
• • »
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE - JOHNSON
-------
Snipped
trom
Scott Specialty Gases
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 8 0 501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE
O F
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-61260-005
PO#: P169978
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 8/25/99
CYLINDER #: 1A021856
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: HYDROCARBONFREE
CAS# 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
02 CONTENT
CO
C02
H20
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
=20 TO 21%
<0,5PPM
<1PPM
<5 PPM
<0.1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
= 20 TO 21%
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 5 PPM
< 0.1 PPM
* 3
5
• •••ft*
• • •
• ft « * J •
• « • I
• *
* * 4 »
• • •
I I « • I >
* • « •
• *
•••«#•
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE•JOHNSON
-------
RATA CLASS
Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay laboratory
P.O. No.: 415020
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-60283-001
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMQNT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
430 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure £G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM051623 Certification Date: 7/15/99 Exp. Date; 7/14/2001
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1986 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION (Moles) ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
852 PPM
BALANCE
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
+ /- 1%
Direct NIST and NMi
TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN
853
PPM
Reference Value Only
* Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
Analytical accuracy is based on the requirements of EPA Protocal procedure G1, September 1997.
Product certified as +/- 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST of NMI standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TVFE/SRM NO.
NTRM
EXPIRATION DATE
2/01/03
CYLINDER NUMBER
AIM015351
CONCENTRATION
495.3 PPM
COMPONENT
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT /MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB94002 51
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
07/07/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
ANALYZER READINGS
First Triad Analysis
NITRIC OXIDE
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
DlM«7/06/99
21-0.0353
R2- 1000.6
Z3 ••0.141
Avg, Conccntrttkm:
Response Unit;PPM
Rl« 998.31
Z2-0.0671
T3-8G1.16
8S1.0
T1 -850.06
T2-8B1.71
R3- 100V1
PPM
Dole; 07/1 5/99 Reapotite U#rft: PPM
Z1 -.0,4724 R1 *494.11 T1 -8B2.80
R2-4SS.64 Z2»« 0*8170 12- 853.82
Z3-0.4791 T3« 854.88 R3-496.1 E
Avg, Coneentretion; 863.8 PPM
Concentration*
A+ Bx 4 Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r« 0.999990
Constants:
A-0.000000
B« 1.000000
C-0.000000
D^O.000000
E-0.000000
APPROVED BY: , fu-,
Tracy Ryan
-------
1|S Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT, CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.: P169978
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-61260-002
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G 1; September, 1997,
Cylinder Number: AAL7916 Certification Date: 7/19/98 Exp. Date: 7/18/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1 939 PS!G
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION (Moles) ACCURACY* * TRACEABILITY
5.04 % +/-1%
BALANCE
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
Direct NIST and NMi
* • * Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is based on the requirements of EPA Protocol procedure G1, September 1997.
Product certified as + /• 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST or NMI standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
EXPIRATION DATE
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 5000 7/17/01
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
C02/AIA-220/570497012
ANALYZER READINGS
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM049007
CONCENTRATION
5.032 %
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
07/19/99
COMPONENT
C02/N2
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
!Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T=TestGas r = Correlation Coefficient)
Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
First Triad Analysis
CARBON DIOXIDE
D»t«:C7/19/9S
Ratponu Unlt;%
21-0.00100
P.l - 5.04000
T1 -5.04400
R2-5.04100
22-0.00200
72*5,04 S0Q
Z3« 0.00200
T3 - &.04600
R3« 5 .03900
Av0. Concentration: S.04S
%
Conc»ntr«tlon-A + Bx + Cx2f Dx3 + Ea4
1.0.96999?
Ccnmnti: A--0.007416
6 «1.046898 C- 0.188477
D--0.019166 1-0,006798
APPROVED BY
Oevon VonFeldt
-------
HI Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT, CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
Customer
P.O. No.: PI69978
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-61260-003
500 WEAVER PARK RD
ENERGY LAB
LONGMONT.CO 80501
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997,
Cylinder Number: ALM008278 Certification Date: 4/12/99 Exp. Date: 4/11/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1948 PSIG Prev Certification Date: 10/14/97
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION (Moles) ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CARBON DIOXIDE 11.0 % +/-1%
NITROGEN BALANCE
Direct NIST arid NMi
• • • Oo not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is based on the requirements of EPA Protocal procedure G1, September 1997,
Product certified as +/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST or NMI standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
NTRM 1875 1/01/03 ALM008792 13.96 % C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL# DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
C02/AIA-220/570497012 04/07/99 NDtR
ANALYZER READINGS
(Z = ZeroGas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
CARBON DIOXIDE
Raipoiufl Unit:%
11-0.00710
Pit-17,33300
Tl * 11 .G460C
R2-17.86700
22-0.02370
T2-11.03600
23-0.02290
T3 «11.04000
R3«* 17.9&000
Avg. Conc&rrtistkm: 11.04
%
D»t.:04M 2m3
fUmpofiM Unlxr %
Z1« 0.00000
fil m 14.01000
T1 *11.01000
R2- 13.990DO
Z2-0.02000
T2-* 11.02000
23-0,01000
T3« 11.01000
R3 «13J99000
Avf. Concentritksn: 11.01
%
Cone«ntr*tkm«
A<*Bx +Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.9999?1
Constants:
A»-0.031158
B ¦ 3.299805
C--0.993023
D-0.233S82
E« 0.000000
APPROVED BY:7>^^ '
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,L0NGM0NT,C0 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
Customer
P.O. No.: PI69978
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-61260-003
500 WEAVER PARK RD
ENERGY LAB
LONGMONT.CO 80501
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification o1 Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM008278 Certification Date: 4/12/99 Exp. Date: 4/11/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1948 PSIG Prev Certification Date: 10/14/97
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION (Moles) ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CARBON DIOXIDE 11.0 % +/-1%
NITROGEN BALANCE
Direct NIST and NMi
¦«* Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
•* Analytical accuracy is based on the requirements of EPA Protoeal procedure S% September 1897.
Product certified as +1- 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST or NMI standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
EXPIRATION DATE
1/01/03
NTRM 1675
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
CO2/AIA-220/57Q497012
ANALYZER READINGS
CYLINDER NUMBER
AIM008792
CONCENTRATION
13.96 %
PATE LAST CALIBRATED
04/07/99
COMPONENT
C02/N2
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
j *
SZ = Zero Gas
R = Reference Gas T - Test Gas
r = Correlation Coefficient)
! „. FIr*st Tr»»d Analysis
Second Triad Analysis
Calibration Curve
OARBON DIOXIDE
lfJ Ri.mw Unlt:%
Dit«: 04'12/99
ResponM Urilti %
I
CotKCTitratiofi« A + Bx * Cxi. *• 0x3 + Ex4
iVrl-M710 * "1 -*17 »s?no
T1 * 11
21 --O.OCCOC
Rl-14.01
T1 ~ 11.C1003
r« 0.5KJSS71
,B2- 17.9670{ * »f2*-p.023M
?2* 11.03600
R2 *13.99000
22-0.02000
T2« 11.02000
Constant*; A--0.031168
23*0.02290 T3-11,04000
R3* 17,96000
Z3-0.01000
T3-11.01000
R3-13.9900C
B * 3.2SS80S C - -0.999023
Mvfe, Cone#ntF»t»om 11,04
%
Avg. Concwntratkm: 11.01
%
D-0.233682 E~ 0,000000
¥ • I • •
• » • •
IX1>
APPROVED BY;
Devon VonFeldt
-------
HI Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-283-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.: PI 69978
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.; 08-61260-002
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards:
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL7916 Certification Date: 7/19/99 Exp. Date: 7/18/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1939 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION {Moles) ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
5.04 % +/- 1%
BALANCE
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
Direct NIST and NMi
*** Do not use wher* cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
•• Analytical accuracy is based on the requirements of EPA Protocal procedure G1* September 1997.
Product certified as + /- 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST or NMI standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 5000
EXPIRATION DATE
7/17/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM04i007
CONCENTRATION
5,032 %
COMPONENT
C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
CO2/AIA-220/570497012
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
07/19/89
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
ANALYZER READINGS
4 ^ First Triad Analysis
i ¦» >
• • t % 4 t >
CARBON DIOXIDE
r-s
DiUk07^1S/9§ Rmnxmra Unit:%
<••• *€«•»*
» Z1» 0*0100 • R1«5»0400C
} I • ~ • •
R2-B.04100 **Z2M0X02OC
> i m m • •
, 23"^-00200 * T3 -*5.04500
* i ne«ntrBtbnr 5.04S
(2 = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
T1» 5.04400
T2-B.C460D
R3» 6.03900
%
r~ Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
CancMtntiona A + Bk + Cx2 * D*3 * E*4
f «0.999997
Constants: A ¦-0.0074"5 6
B- 1.04 §898 C-0.18647?
D-<-0,019165 E-0.005798
• • •
Kilt*
• #«# * •
APPROVED BY-.7W l&l
Devon VonFeldt
-------
*
II Scott Specialty Gases
im Slal EAflTCTO ROAD, DI
BL'DG—'i-
-PQ--BQX 310
Shipped
From:
PLUMSTEADVILLE
Phone: 215-766-8861
PA 18949-0310
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 215-766-2070
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
PO # 814671 :
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
.PROJECT #: 01-14795-002
PO#: 814671
ITEM #: 0102F2 0023 04AL
DATE: 3/17/99
CYLINDER #: ALM018968
FILL PRESSURE: 2015 PSIA
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-5%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 9/19/1999
BLEND TYPE : CERTIFIED MASTER GAS
COMPONENT
FORMALDEHYDE
NITROGEN
REQUESTED GAS
CONC M0L2S
10 .
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
10.66 PPM
BALANCE
ANALYST:
CHRIS ABER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
-snipped 500 WEAVER PARK RD
From: LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY PROJECT #: 08-54127-002
PO#: VERBAL PER GARY
ENERGY LAB ITEM #: 0802N0005201XL
43 0 NORTH COLLEGE DATE: 3/02/99
FORT COLLINS CO 8 0524
CYLINDER #: PGS9650
FILL PRESSURE: 232 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY;
PRODUCT EXPIRATION:
BLEND TYPE : GRAVIMETRIC MASTER GAS
REQUESTED GAS
METHANE
BALANCE
+ /-!%
3/02/2000
ANALYSIS
COMPONENT
CONC
MOLES
(MOLES)
N-BUTANE
.2
%
0 .200
%
CARBON DIOXIDE
2.
%
2 . 00
%
ETHANE
4 .
%
4 .00
%
N-HEXANE
.2
%
0 .200
%
ISOBUTANE
.2
%
0 .201
%
ISOPENTANE
. 2
%
0 .200
%
NITROGEN
2 .
%
1. 98
%
N-PENTANE
.2
%
0 .200
%
PROPANE
1.
%
1. 00
%
BALANCE
CGA 510
232 PSIA
GRAVIMETRICALLY PREPARED
EXPOSURE TO TEMPERATURE BELOW 32 DEG F MAY CAUSE
COMPONENTS TO LIQUIFY. KEEP CYLINDER ABOVE 70 DEG F FOR
1-2 DAYS OR HEAT FOR 1-2 HOURS. ROLL CYLINDER FOR 15
MINUTES BEFORE USING.
************************************************************
DO NOT HEAT ABOVE 120 DEG .P.
ALWAYS USE ADEQUATE TEMPERATURE CONTROL.
************************************************************
ANALYST:
-•\y
M
VIRGINIA CHANDLER
NIST TRACEABILITY: BY WEIGHTS
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK HD. LONG MONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: PI 65299
Project No.: 08-52254-021
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM004316 Certification Date: 1/12/99 Exp. Date: 1/12/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1986 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY'* TRACEABILITY
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
16 .8
PPM
BALANCE
+ /- 2%
NIST
•*• Oo not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive oi usual known error sources which at least Include precision at the measurement processes,
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 2635
EXPIRATION DATE
1/27/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALMG60952
CONCENTRATION
25.20 PPM
COMPONENT
CC/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeidt
-------
RATA CLASS
H Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.IONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RO
L0NGM0NT.C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: PI 65299
Project No.: 08-52254-010
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number; AAL6118 Certification Date: 12/28/98 Exp. Date: 12/27/2001
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 19 50 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY* * TRACEABILITY
METHANE
AIR
42 .9
PPM
BALANCE
+ /- 1'
N1ST
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
"* Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + /• 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
EXPIRATION DATE
SRM 2750 5/06/03
INSTRUMENTATION
IN STRUMENT/MO DEL/S ERIAL#
HORIOBA/F1A-23A/OPE 435/850658079
ANALYZER READINGS
CYLINDER NUMBER
CAL013993
CONCENTRATION
49.30 PPM
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/28/98
COMPONENT
METHANE
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
[2 = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T= Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
First Triad Analysis
METHANE
Dtts; 12/28/98
Ftopons* Unh: PPM
21-0,0000
R1-49.110
T1 -42.830
R2-49.410
22-0.0010
T2« 42.960
Z3« 0.0000
T3-42.960
R3 -49 380
Ave. Concentf«tioti: 42.92
PPM
Concwiuation -A + Bx + C*2 + D«3 + E*4
1-0.989988
Constants: A*0.012491
B * 32.82S778 C -0.00000
0-0.00000 E « 0.00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: CC?SuLhf\ .w~~fervOu\sd GU.
SUSAN J. BRANDON \>/
-------
COMPLIANCE CLASS
|H Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,L0NGM0NT,C0 80501 Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax; 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY; EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory Customer
P.O. No.: P165299 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-52254-012
500 WEAVER PARK RD ENERGY LAB
LONGMONT.CO 80501 430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Certified to exceed the minimum specifications of EPA Protocol 1 Procedure #G2.
Cylinder Number: ALM038768 Certification Date: 12/28/98 Exp. Date: 12/27/2001
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1950 PS1G
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
METHANE 107 PPM +1-2% NIST
AIR BALANCE
*"" Do not usb when cylinder prsssure is below 150 psig,
** Analytical accuracy is Inclusive of usual known error sources which ai least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
SRM2750 5/06/03 CAL013993 48.30 PPM METHANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL# DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
HORIOBA/FIA-23A/OPE 435/850658079 12/28/98 FID
Special Notas:
APPROVED BY:
C\
s
SUSAN J. BRANDON
-------
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONG MONT,CO 80501 Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax; 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory Customer
P.O. No.: PI 65299 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-52254-013
500 WEAVER PARK RD ENERGY LAB
LONGMONT.CO 80501 430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Certified to exceed the minimum specifications of EPA Protocol 1 Procedure #G2.
Cylinder Number; ALM022732 Certification Date; 12/28/98 Exp. Date: 12/27/2001
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1925 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
METHANE 161 PPM +1-2% NIST
AIR BALANCE
• ** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy ts inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes,
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE.'SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
SRM275G 5/06/03 CAL013993 49.30 PPM METHANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL# DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
HORIOBA/FIA-23A/OPE 435/850658079 12/28/98 FID
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: "ViLAflLwJftw
SUSAN J. BRANDON
-------
RATA CLASS
Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501 Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
Customer
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.; 08-54131-004
500 WEAVER PARK RD
ENERGY LAB
LONGMONT,CO 80501
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure SGI; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM032145 Certification Date: 3/04/99 Exp. Date: 3/04/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1864 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY" TRACEABILITY
CARBON MONOXIDE 904 PPM +/- 1% NIST
NITROGEN BALANCE
* * * Do not us* whan cylinder pressure is below 150 psig,
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive cl usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as-*-/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards,
REFERENCE STANDARD
TVPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
NTBM 1661 2/01/03 AIM066787 998.0 PPM CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL# DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251 02/24/99 Scott Enhanced FTIR
ANALYZER READINGS
(2 = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
first Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
CARBON MONOXIDE
Data: 92/21/90
R«ponia Unto PPM
Z1a0,04SS
R1-999.36
T1 - 904.93
R2-998.46
22-0,2164
T2-903.97
Z3 -0.320E
T3 *903.45
R3-936.18
Avg. Cerjctfttritkjn: 904.1
PPM
Dai#: 03/04/99
fteipor.w Unit: PPM
21 --0.304
81. 997.76
T1-904.42
R2 * 998 .£2
22--0,133
T2 - 904.13
23 «¦ 0.0142
13 » 904,17
R3« 997.72
Avg, Conctntration: 9C4.2
PFM
CQncwitntkw
A + Bx + Cx2 + Dk3 + Ex4
r-0.999990
Constants:
A "0.000000
B * 1.000000
C-O.OOQOOO
D-0,000000
E-O.OOOOOO
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT, CO B0501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80SQ1
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
Project No.; 08-54131-001
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number; ALMC0911 5
Cylinder Pressure***: 2004 PSIG
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
Certification Date:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
3/04/99
Exp. Date: 3/04/2001
2, 730
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+ /- 1%
TRACEABILITY
NIST
NOX
2,731.
PPM
Reference Value Only
* * * Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
* * Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as +!- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards,
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 2631
EXPIRATION DATE
7/01/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
AIM0SBS87
CONCENTRATION
2817. PPM
COMPONENT
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL'S ERIAL#
FTIH System/8220/AAB940Q251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
02/19/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R= Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
NITRIC OXIDE
0B$«; 02/23/99
Response Unit; PPM
Z1 -0.1768
R1 *2817.0
T1 *2722.3
R2-2818.5
22-1.2155
T2-2726.0
23-0.8650
T3« 2726.3
R3-281B.5
Avg, Cenetntiftllan: 2725.
PPM
Oat*; 03/04/99
Rssponsa Unit: PPM
21 *¦ 0,8438
Him 2817,S
T1-2730.0
R2 - 2819.6
22-1,1606
12*2728.7
23-1,1403
T3-272B.7
R3« 2813.5
Avg. ConewnirMion; 2728.
PPM
Concentration*
A + B*+Ci2 + Dx3 + 1x4
r*0.99d990
Corwt»nt»:
A *0.000000
B- 1.000000
C-0.000000
D *0.000000
E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY
rpy.
JZil
Devon VonFeldt
-------
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT, CO 80501 Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-54131-002
500 WEAVER PARK RD
L0NGM0NT.C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION '
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM052311 Certification Date: 3/04/99 Exp. Date: 3/03/2001
Cylinder Pressure***: 1950 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
NITRIC OXIDE 4,500 PPM +1-2% GMIS
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE BALANCE
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
NOX 4,506. BALANCE Reference Value Only
*** Do riot use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision ol the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
GMIS .28% NO 1/19/01 ALM052186 2820. PPM NITRIC OXIDE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL# DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251 02/19/99 Scon Enhanced FTIR
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
DEVON VONFELDT
-------
i|H Scott Specialty Gases
compliance class
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay laboratory
P.O. No.: 814671
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-54343-002
500 WEAVER PARK RD
L0NGM0NT,C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards:
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM052034 Certification Date: 3/11/99
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 2000 PSIG
Exp, Date: 3/10/2002
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
AIR
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
162 PPM
16.2 PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY"«
+ /- 2%
+ /- 2%
TRACEABILITY
GMIS
NIST
*** Do riot use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psifl.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of lha measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYFE/SRM NO.
CH4/AIR 50PP
SRM 1666B
EXPIRATION DATE
2/18/01
4/28/03
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM014418
CAL011929
CONCENTRATION
50.20 PPM
9.730 PPM
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/08/99
03/10/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
FID
APPROVED BY;
VIRGINIA CHANDLER
-------
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Hj| Scott Specialty Gases Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD»IONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.; 814671
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No,: 08-54131-018
500 WEAVER PARK RD
L0NGM0NT,C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Treatability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM061619
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 2000 PSIG
COMPONENT
Certification Date:
3/11/99
Exp, Date: 3/10/2002
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
METHANE
PROPANE
AIR
90 .4
10.3
PPM
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+ /- 2%
+ /- 2%
TRACEABIUTY
GMiS
GMIS
* * * Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psifl.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive o) usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TVPE/SRM NO.
CH4MIR 10PP
C3/AIR SOPPM
EXPIRATION DATE
2/18/01
3/04/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
AA14185
ALM052292
CONCENTRATION
10 01 PPM
50.40 PPM
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/IVtOPEL/SEBIAL#
HPGC/5890,'3115A 34623
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/08/99
03/10/89
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
FID
APPROVED BY:
-------
H Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONG MONT,CO 80501
Phone; 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
10NGM0NT.C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: 814671
Project No.: 08-54131-017
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number:
Cylinder Pressure* *'
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
AIR
1 LI 006
2000 PS1G
Certification Date:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
3/11/99
Exp. Date: 3/10/2002
43.2
6.25
PPM
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY*
+/- 1%
+ /- 1%
TRACEABILITY
NIST
NIST
*#* Do not use when cylinder prtssure is below 150 psig.
• * Analytical accuracy is iriclusiva of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as +1- t% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SBM WO.
SRM 2750
SRM 1666B
EXPIRATION DATE
5/06/03
4/28/03
CYLINDER NUMBER
CAL013993
CALO11929
CONCENTRATION
49.30 PPM
9.730 PPM
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/08/99
03/10/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
FID
ANALYZER READINGS
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R * Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
METHANE
Datft?Q3/09/99
Response UnftrPPM
Concemmtten »A + B*4- Cx2 + D*3 * Ex4
21-0.1280
R1 *49.300
T1-43.096
,-0.999983
R2-49.230
22-0.1210
T2-43.287
Constant!; A *-0.737166
23*0,1840
T3-43.17B
R3 - 49.360
t-0.000764 Cm 0.00000
Avg, Concvntrstlon:
43.19
PPM
D- 0.00000 E» 0.00000
PROPANE
Re*port»« Urvtt:PPM
Conc«mr»tton « A + flx+<2*24-0x3 + M
21 ¦ 0.0020
R1 -9.7500
T1-6.2400
r-0.999999
R2-9,7100
Z2 <"0.0013
T2-6.2500
{tamtams: A--0.045153
Z3-0.0250
T3 -6.2500
R3- 9.7300
B-0.000277 C-0.00000
Avg, Conc«mr«tJcru
6.250
PPM
D-0.00000 E-0.00000
APPROVED BY:
-------
Scott Specialty Gcises
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD, LONG MONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
L0NGM0NT.C0 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-027
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM025834 Certification Date: 1/15/99 Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 2006 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
450 PPM + /- 1 % NIST
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
PPM
BALANCE
"•Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
"* Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision ol the measurement processes.
Product certified as-f/- 1% analytical accuracy Is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
EXPIRATION DATE
NTRM 1680 4/08/99
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
FTtR System/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM066S28
CONCENTRATION
498.8 PPM
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
COMPONENT
CO/N2
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FT1R
First Triad Analysis
CARBON MONOXIDE
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
Date: 01/08/59
R«spon** Unil: PPM
Z1 --0.192
R1-498.S5
T1-450.05
R2-499.18
22--0.014
T2-449.43
Z3--0.105
T3-449.57
R3 - 498.67
Avg. Concwnttation: 449.7
PPM
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
Dau: 01/15/99
R«sp€Mn*« Unit: PPM
Zl--0.304
R1-498.97
T1 -460.17
R2-49S.0B
Z2--0.218
T2-450,03
Z3-0.226
T3 -449.96
R3-498.37
Avg. Conettttrafion: 450.1
PPM
Concentration - A + Bx + Cx2 ~ Dx3 + 6*4
r-0.99S?90
Constants: A <"0.000000
B-1.000000 C - 0,000000
D* Q.QOOOOO E« 0,000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: Vcrh^,§/4tj
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,IONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7573
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY; Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-027
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number; ALM025834
Cylinder Pressure* * *; 2006 PSIG
Certification Date:
1/15/99
Exp, Date: 1/15/2002
COMPONENT
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
450
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+ /- 1%
TRACEABILITY
NIST
"** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
" • Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision cl the measurement processes.
Product certified as -r/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards. ^
REFERENCE STANDARD
TVPE/SRM WO.
NTRM 1680
EXPIRATION DATE
4/09/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM066B28
CONCENTRATION
498.3 PPM
COMPONENT
CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR Syst«m/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis ,
CARBON MONOXIDE
IZ = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
Dit«: 01/08/99
Responsa Unit: PPM
21 ••0.192
R1« 498.55
T1»4S0.QS
R2« 499,18
22--0.014
T2-449,43
Z1*~0.1OS
T3» 449.57
R3-498.67
Avg. Ctmcamtratien: 449.7
PPM
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
Data: 01/15/99
Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.304
R1 -498.97
T1 -450.17
R2-499.05
Z2»-0.218
T2 *450.03
23--0.226
T3-449.96
H3 ¦498.37
Avg. Conctmration: 450.1
PPM
Concentration -
A+Bi + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
f» 0.999990
Constants;
A » 0,000000
B-1.000000
C« 0,000000
D-0.000000
E-Q .000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY
flXftfrv l/erh ~> L
Devon VonFeldt
t V I t
i «
w i
< i V
t *. V i
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
itrxpped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone; 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE
O F
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEFT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
43 0 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS
CO 80523
PROJECT #: 08-50854-002
PO#: P165299
ITEM #: 0802H2021764AL
DATE: 12/14/98
CYLINDER #: ALM047390
FILL PRESSURE: 2059 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-2%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 12/10/1999
BLEND TYPE : CERTIFIED MASTER GAS
COMPONENT
HALOCARBON 22
NITROGEN
REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
40
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
40 . 0
PPM
BALANCE
CGA 580
2059 PSIG
ANALYST:
STEVE SHOCKITES
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
"Stripped
Prom:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPT MECH ENG ENERGY LAB
4 30 N. COLLEGE
FT COLLINS CO
80523
PROJECT #: 08-50854-002
PO#: P165299
ITEM #: 0802H2021764AL
DATE: 12/14/98
CYLINDER #: ALM047390
FILL PRESSURE: .2059 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-2%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 12/10/1999
BLEND TYPE : CERTIFIED MASTER GAS
COMPONENT
HALOCARBON 22
NITROGEN
REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
40 .
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
40.0
PPM
BALANCE
CGA 580 2059 PSIG
STEVE SHOCKITES
-------
BLDC 1
TO BOX 310
stripped
From:
PT.j\j]^Jf^TTE>^AirD"VrT ^ 'T.-'E
Phone: 215-766-8861
PA 18949-0310
CERTIFICATE OF
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
PO # 814671
ENERGY LAB
43 0 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
Fax; 215-766-2070
ANALYSIS
PROJECT #: 01-14795-003
PO#: 814671
ITEM #: 0102F2002204AL
DATE: 3/17/99
CYLINDER #: ALM034201
FILL PRESSURE: 2015 PSIA
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-5%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 9/16/1999
BLEND TYPE
COMPONENT
FORMALDEHYDE
NITROGEN
CERTIFIED MASTER GAS
REQUESTED GAS
CONG MOLES
5.
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
5 . 36
PPM
BALANCE
CHRIS ABER
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX H
CALIBRATION GAS CERTIFICATION SHEETS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
12/31/98
Page 1 of 6
1030H SOURCE METHANE/NON-METHANE
BASELINE FINAL TEST PROCEDURE
ORDER:
csu
SERIAL #:
VISUAL INSPECTION
1 Visual check per BLI Quality Assurance standards.
2 All cable connections secure and not damaged.
3 All solder connections clean, no cold solder Joints.
4 Power cord and back panel plumbing fittings are provided.
5 All PC boards are serialized, with matching test slips in the unit file.
6 Verify plumbing according to attached application document.
7 Verify options according to attached engineering document.
8 Prior work order routings signed and completed.
1322
B FUNCTIONAL CHECK
1 470 ohm resistors correct.
2 Air and H2 regulators turn and lock correctly, gauges reflect pressure change.
3 Range switches function correctly.
4 Signal selection switch set to two position and centered on panel.
5 Power, Pump, Zero, and H2 switches work correctly.
6 Span pots turn easily and are set correctly
C MOTHERBOARD
1 AC Power supply wired for correct source! 110V/220V).
2 -5V, + 15VISO, and -15V regulator isolated from chassis ground.
3 ignite button jumps cut. {For Auto Ignite Option)
4 Confirm orientation on all capacitors.
110V
ELECTRICAL CHECK
1 AC transformer voltages checked at J11,
2 DC regulator voltages checked at motherboard
a +12VDC
b
c
d
e
f
-5 VDC =
15 VDC=*
-15 VDC-
15V ISO-
+ 5 VDC-
11.97
-5.05
14.9
¦15.29
15.25
3 Collector Voltage, checked at E2
a -150V supply =
b -15 V supply-
c Custom supply -
-148
-15
100
OPTIONS INSTALLED
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Custom Collector Voltage Board
Jumper selectable Collector Voltage
Secondary trim pot on Amp board at PI
Dual 4-20mA Modules
0-1V to 0-1OV converterslon each 4-20mA module)
Auto Ignite
Dual Range switch
OK
OK
-------
12/31/98
Page 2 of 6
F INTERFACE BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Install interface board on an extender card in slot 4
2 Place unit In "manual" mode, enter the logic codes listed below,
3 Check the voltages at the pins indicated.
Pin# REST LOGIC RESET VOLTS
3
0 VDC
01
XX,00
5 VDC
4
0 VDC
11
XX.00
5 VDC
S
0 VDC
21
XX,00
5 VDC
6
0 VDC
31
XX,00
5 VDC
7
0 VDC
41
XX,00
5 VDC
8
0 VDC
51
XX,00
5 VDC
9
0 VDC
61
XX,00
5 VDC
10
5 VDC
X1
00
0 VDC
11
0 VDC
15 or 25 & X1
16,26,00
15 VDC (unloaded)
12
5 VDC
X1
00
0 VDC
13
0 VDC
33
XX,00
5 VDC
15
0 VDC
55
XX,00
5 VDC
16
0 VDC
13
14,00
15 VDC (unloaded)
17
0 VDC
23
24,00
15 VDC (unloaded)
18
0 VDC
45
46,00
5 VDC
20
0 VDC
25
26,00
5 VDC
22
0 VDC
15
16,00
5 VDC
L
5 VDC
X5
00
0 VDC
N
0 VDC
65
XX,00
5 VDC
P
0 VDC
35
XX,00
5 VDC
S
0 VDC
XI
00
15 VDC (unloaded)
u
0 VDC
03
04,00
5 VDC
V
0 VDC
05
06,00
5 VDC
4 Remove the extender card and replace the interface board In slot 4,
G AMPLIFIER BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Plug the amplifier board 6n the extender card in slot 7.
2 Clip a jumper between the bottom side of R4 and the upper right pin
on the detector plug matrlx.iDET 1)
3 In the MANUAL mode enter code OO(reset).
4 Set the RANGES to 2, the SPAN pots to 10, and the SIGNAL to Methane,
special Set the Dual Range (HIGH/LOW) switch to LOW.
5 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P2.
special Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U2 to O.OmVDC with PI,
6 Enter code 01 (enable detector 1 signal out).
7 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U4 to O.OmVDC with P4.
8 Enter code OO(reset).
9 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P12.
10 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P13.
11 Enter code 01 and 05(SPAN).
12 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to 1 .OOVDC with P3.
13 Remove the jumper and plug the ribbon cable into the electrometer.
14 Remove the extender card and replace the Amplifier board in slot 7.
-------
12/31/98
Page 3 of
H AUTO IGNITE BOARD CHECK
1 Make sure programmed PAL chip is in position U3 on the Auto Ignite board.
2 Adjust the voitage at test point 1 to 3.00V with P1.
3 Attach auto ignite test fixture to test points 1 -12.
4 Adjust P2 until diode 10(occilation frequency) turns on every 10 seconds.
5 Turn unit off, then on to reset. Diodes 6-9 on the test fixture should step
through a binary count sequence, with diode 4{coiI on) lighting every other step.
6 Diode 5(H2 Shutoff) should remain lit until a binary count of 10.
Afterwards, diode 5 should respond to the front panel H2 ON/OFF switch
and diode 4{coil on) should respond to the Ignite button.
7 Short terminal 7 on the back panel to ground. The sequence should reset.
I SAMPLE PUMP SETUP
1 Turn on the pump with the front panel switch.
2 Check that the fittings and lines are not vibrating against the case as they
pass through the oven wall.
3 Check that the internal lines are not vibrating against each other.
4 If vibration is a problem, adjust the pump shock mount spacing.
I TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER SETUP
1 Access the setup menu on the Watlow temperature controller by pressing
the UP and DOWN keys simultaneously for three seconds.
2 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
3 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
LOC
0
rL
-200
Ot 2
dEA
rtd
void
In
H
rH
1250
HSA
2
rP
OFF
dEC
0
Ot 1
ht
LAt
nLA
rt
void
C F
C
HSC
2
SIL
OFF
PL
100
4 Access the operation menu by pressing the M{mode) key.
5 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
6 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
Pb1
3
Ct1
S
rA2
void
ALH
25
rE1
0.15
Pb2
void
Ct2
void
CAL
-20
rA1
0.33
rE2
void
ALO
-25
AUt
0
7 Note: Most values in the operation menu will set themselves by setting the
AUt selection to 2. See the Watlow Manual for more information.
8 Use the UP/DOWN keys to select a set point. Normally set at 200.
9 Monitor oven temperature with an external temperature probe. You will
have to adjust the CAL value in the operation menu so that the Watlow
controllers Temp. Read matches the external probe.
11 After athe temperature has stabilized, note the final value.
Watlow Display Oven Chamber CAL Value
SET = 200 MAIN = 198,4 CAL =
READ= 200 FID = NA
•18
-------
12/31/98
Page 4 of 6
J
special
special
special
special
special
special
special
8
Actual value found
50.0
19.7
09.6
5.00
1.97
8.22
INTEGRATOR BOARD TEST
Set integrator board dip switch to 4(may have to be adjusted w/custom ranges)
1 Note dip switch setting
2 Set signal switch to Methane and the methane Range to 50.
Set the Dual Range switch to LOW
3 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 02.
4 Adjust the methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
Note methane span pot setting
Note: When a multiplication factor is involved on an instrument,
multiply both the range and the display by the same amount.
For example, a range of 50ppm 1x10} is 500ppm, and the display of
50.0 (xlOj is also 500.
5 Attach volt meter between pin 5{methane out) and pin 1 (methane iso-ground).
Output should be 20.0 mA(w/4-20mA module) or 1.000V.
7 Change the methane range back to 50.
8 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 02.
9 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12.0mA{w/4-20mA module) or 0.500V.
11 Set the signal switch to Non-Methane.
12 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 12.
13 Adjust the non-methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
1
24.9
0.501
actual value found
50.0
19.6
09.6
5.00
1.96
0.998
14 Attach volt meter between pin 6(non-methane out) and pin 9(non-meth iso-ground).
Output should be 20.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or1.000 VDC.
16 Change the non-methane range back to 50.
17 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 12.
18 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12mA(w/4-20mA module) or0.500 VDC.
19 Note non methane span pot setting.
24.9
0.5
8.01
K 4-20mA OUTPUT OPTION IMethanel
-------
12/31/98
Page 5 of 6
Note; check all values below at the 4-20mA modules mounted on the instruments
left side panel
1 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
2 Check U1 20V output
3 Check U2 20V output
4 Check 0-1OV signal in at U on the mA module,
5 Check 4-20mA output between T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side .
6 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
input output
OO.OmV
4,08
10.11V
20.02
special Check that the x10V board is operating correctly(pin 4 = 0-1V in, pin 3 = 0-1 OV out)
(Non-Methane)
7 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
8 Check U1 20V output
9 Check U2 20V output
10 Check 0-1 OV signal in at UE on mA module.
11 Check 4-20mA output between terminal T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side.
12 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
Input output
OO.OmV
3.99
10.11V
20.02
20.41
20.3
20.2
20.33
special Check that the x10V board is operating correctlylpin 4 = 0-1V in, pin 3 = 0-1 OV out)
M
FLOW CALIBRATION
1 Attach H2 and HCF Air to their respective inlets on the back panel.
Bottle pressure should be 40PSI in both cases.
Note: It is common to "T" the Air line to provide pressure for both the
combustion Air inlet and the SP (valve actuation) inlet.
2 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the built in H2 regulator.
Adjust the pressure until a flow of 40 cc/min is obtained.
3 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the Air regulator.
Adjust to pressure until a flow of 200cc/min is obtained.
4 Note exact results.
Air=
H2 =
27
21
PSlat
PSIat
200
40
cc/min.
cc/min
5 Attach carrier gas to CARRIER IN port, (normally HCF Air or Zero N2)
6 Adjust carrier gas bottle pressure until a flow of 4Scc/min is obtained.
Note: Flow must be measured at the FID inside the oven. H2 flow must be cut
prior to measurement, and the temperature must have stabilized at the normal
operational setting. Normally a bottle pressure of 25 PSI will produce the desired
flow rate. Use a high temperature flow rate probe.
7 Note exact results for Inject (03) and backflush (04) modes.
INJECT
BACKFLUSH
8 Reopen H2 bottle.
1QNITE FID
22
22
cc/min
cc/min
PSI AT BOTTLE
28
-------
12/31/98
Page 6 of 6
1 Install FID in the oven. Connect Fuel and Air lines. Make sure the
extender and chimney locking collars are set tightly.
2 Attach the electrometer board to the extender as it emerges from
the oven wall. After checking that the FID ignites, reattach the electrometer
inside its shield with insulation.
3 Turn unit off, then on to reset the auto ignite sequence. Check for flame
by looking for condensation on cold steel at the chimney vent.
4 Confirm that the ignite LED on the front panel lights when the flame does.
5 If the flame does not light:
a Manually light the flame by holding open the H2 ON/OFF switch
and pressing the ignite button,
b Try increasing the H2 pressure slightly
c Remove the FID chimney and check that the coil is glowing
brightly when the ignite button is pressed.
M DISPLAY METER. RANGE. AND SIGNAL OUT TEST
special The Dual Range swith adds a multiplier to the amp board circuit
prior to the span signal, and so it should have no impact on this test.
1 Connect the multimeter to back panel terminals number 1O(ground)
and number 3(0 to 100mVDC signal out)
2 Enter code OOlreset). Ranges set to 2. Signal set to Methane.
3 Voltage at terminal 3 - 00.0 mVDC.
5 Enter code 01 (enable output)
6 Voltage at terminal 3 = 0.0 mVDC.
7 Enter code 05(span).
8 Voltage at terminal 3 =100.0 mVDC.
9 Range Set to 5. Voltage at terminal 3 = 40.0 mVDC.
11 Range Set to 10. Voltage at terminal 3 = 20.0 mVDC.
12 Range Set to 20. Voltage at terminal 3 - 10.0 mVDC.
14 Range Set to 50. Voltage at terminal 3 « 4.0 mVDC.
15 Enter code OO(reset)
16 Voltage at terminal 2 « 0.000 VDC.
17 Enter code 01 (enable output) and 05(span)
18 Voltage at terminal 2- 10.0 VDC.
CODE 01 CODE 11
Actual Values Found
0
05.0
100
100
39.8
37.8
20
20
10
9.9
04.0
3.9
I 10.07 I
N BURN IN
1 tet unit run for 48 hours with the sample pump drawing from a zero
nitrogen stream at a slight overpressure.
START BURN IN
Time
8:00 AM
STOP BURN IN
Time1
8:00 AM
Date - 12/28/98
Date = I 12/31/98
COMPLETED BY
A FN
-------
12/31/98
1030H SOURCE METHANE I NON-METHANE
BASELINE APPLICATION DATA SHEET
ORDER:
CSU
SERIAL#: 1322
I I
COLLI
¦CTOR VOLTAGE: (Low
-15.18
DETECTOR:
FID
(high
-99.8
Ranaes
DUAL (x100)200,500,1000,2000,5000{x1000)2K,5K,10K,20K,50K
Columns
Part #
Material | tubing
C1
SC001020
3S unibeads 6* x 1/8" SS
C2
SC001021
1S unibeads I 5' x 1/8" SS
Arangement:
Port 7 on the valve to C2 to C1 to Port 6 on the valve
Samole looo
|
1 1
I
1 1
SI
10.7" x ,085 I.D. SS
aproximately 1 mL volume
Proaram
I I !
Steo
Time
Code
Description
00
CST0O
03 0 0 0
Inject valve one
01
©errs "
15 00 f C
Enable detector one output
02
01 Of f
Open peak one(methane) window
03
04-s4*3—
02 61 31
Close peak one(methane) window
04
-02:00
04 £ / v 6
Backflush valve one
05
11 a
Open peak two(non-methane) window
06
©4:30
12 n
Close peak two(non-methane) window
07
00 6 3 > r
Reset logic
08
wf t t HI Cr
99 0 5
Look to Recycle
j
99
-00*05- loo
Recycle
•
LINEARITY TEST (LOW) |Note: Dip switch on integrator carc
set to 8,
S0{x100) range
Methane Peak
50(x100) range
Non Methane Peak
peak
PPM I Display
peak
PPM
Display
1
.5.00
04.9
2
5.00
04.8
3
50.0
49.9
4
50.0
48.9
Methane Span:
6.10
Non-Meth Span:
2.31
Curves Used:
2
Note: MEQ factors w»r« not used strict the Non-Methane
CURVE SHEETS ATTACHED
peak can be independently scaled and ranged at the
1
HIGH LINEARITY
operators discretion.
2
LOW LINEARITY
SEE CURVE SHEETS FOR HIGH RANGE LINEARITY
3
After shipment, run clean carrier gas through columns
4
for 24 hours for best results
FLOWS
ELECTROMI
:TER
OVEN TEMPERATUF
IE3
etreem
eii
cc/min
1
MegOhm
Controller Type:
WATLOW
Air
27
200
1
uF
Temperature Set:
200
H2
21
40
1
T.C.
Temperature Read:
200
Sample
pumc
2.2LPM
10k/100k
at R6
Main Oven:
198.4C
Carrier I
28
22
normal
Zero circuit
CarrierB
28
22
Carrier Gas Used:
HCF Air
COMPLETED BY
AFN
DATI
: 12/31/98
-------
csu
UNIT: 1030H M/N
SERIAL# 1322
'ATE 12/31/98 BY A.N.
iparation Test
1 5000 ppm Methane
2 5000 ppm Propane
3 1% Methane
4 1% Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
high range
OW SETTINGS
PSI STREAM
RATE
27 AIR
200 cc/min
21 H2
40 cc/min
28 Carier Inj.
22 cc/min
28 Carrier Bk.
22 cc/min
MM POT SETTINGS
ethane 5.89
jn-Methane 2.26
ECTROMETER
1 MEGOHM
1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
)K/100K at R6
trmal zero circuit
/EN TEMPERATURES
iTE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
)8.4°C MAIN OVEN
-18 CAL
ETECTOR
TYPE : FID
DLLECTOR VOLTS: -99.8
\tiGE
ethane
)000 ppm
) POSITION
(x1000)
Non-Methane
50000 ppm
50 POSITION
HART REC. SETTINGS
PEED: 5 mm/min
JLL SCALE: 100mV
¦ I
:¦> I
-vrT"'
. ; |
! I "
2- !
Alii.
'I'll
¦ I
i 1 I > i I
' I
-------
csu
UNIT: 1030H M/N
SERIAL# 1322
)ATE 12/31/98 BY A.N.
aparation Test
1 500 ppm Methane
2 500 ppm Propane
3 5000ppm Methane
4 5000ppm Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
low range
_OW SETTINGS
PSI STREAM
27 AIR
21 H2
28 Carier Inj.
28 Carrier Bk.
RATE
200 cc/min
40 cc/min
22 cc/min
22 cc/min
RIM POT SETTINGS
lethane 6.10
on-Methane 2.31
LECTROMETER
1 MEGOHM
1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
OK/100K at R6
ormal zero circuit
VEN TEMPERATURES
YPE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
98.4°C MAIN OVEN
-18 CAL
ETECTOR
TYPE : FID
OLLECTOR VOLTS: -15
ANGE
lethane
000 ppm
0 POSITION
(x100)
Non-Methane
5000 ppm
50 POSITION
!HART REC. SETTINGS
;PEED: 5 mm/min
DLL SCALE: 100mV
-------
12/31/98
Page 1 of 6
1030H SOURCE METHANE/NON-METHANE
BASELINE FINAL TEST PROCEDURE
ORDER:
csu
SERIAL#: 1321
A VISUAL INSPECTION
1 Visual check per BLI Quality Assurance standards.
2 All cable connections secure and not damaged.
3 AH solder connections clean, no cold solder joints.
4 Power cord and back panel plumbing fittings are provided.
5 All PC boards are serialized, with matching test slips in the unit file.
6 Verify plumbing according to attached application document.
7 Verify options according to attached engineering document.
8 Prior work order routings signed and completed.
B FUNCTIONAL CHECK
1 470 ohm resistors correct.
2 Air and H2 regulators turn and lock correctly, gauges reflect pressure change.
3 Range switches function correctly.
4 Signal selection switch set to two position and centered on panel.
5 Power, Pump, Zero, and H2 switches work correctly.
6 Span pots turn easily and are set correctly
MOTHERBOARD
1 AC Power supply wired for correct sourcell 10V/220V).
2 -5V, +15VISO, and -15V regulator isolated from chassis ground.
3 Ignite button jumps cut.(For Auto Ignite Option)
4 Confirm orientation on all capacitors.
ELECTRICAL CHECK
1 AC transformer voltages checked at J11.
2 DC regulator voltages checked at motherboard
a +12VDC
b -5VDC-
c 15VDC-
d -15 VDC =
e 15V ISO-
f +5VDC-
110V
11.82
-5.02
14.94
-15.17
15.01
3 Collector Voltage checked at E2
a -150V supply «=
b -15V supply =
c Custom supply »
OPTIONS INSTALLED
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
-146.8
-15.18
-98.7
Custom Collector Voltage Board
Jumper selectable Collector Voltage
Secondary trim pot on Amp board at P1
Dual 4-2 OmA Modules
0-1V to 0-1OV converterslon each 4-20mA module)
Dual
Auto Ignite
Range switch
OK
OK
-------
12/31/98
Page 2 of 6
F INTERFACE BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Install interface board on an extender card In slot 4
2 Place unit in "manual" mode, enter the logic codes listed below.
3 Check the voltages at the pins indicated.
Pin # BEST LOGIC RESET VOLTS
3
0 VDC
01
XX,00
5 VDC
4
0 VDC
11
XX,00
5 VDC
S
0 VDC
21
XX,00
5 VDC
6
0 VDC
31
XX,00
5 VDC
7
0 VDC
41
XX,00
5 VDC
8
0 VDC
51
XX,00
5 VDC
9
0 VDC
61
XX,00
5 VDC
10
S VDC
XI
00
0 VDC
11
0 VDC
15 or 25 & X1
16,26,00
15 VDC (unloaded)
12
5 VDC
X1
00
0 VDC
13
0 VDC
33
XX,00
5 VDC
15
0 VDC
55
XX,00
5 VDC
16
0 VDC
13
14,00
15 VDC (unloaded)
17
0 VDC
23
24,00
15 VDC (unloaded)
18.
0 VDC
45
46,00
5 VDC
20
0 VDC
25
26,00
5 VDC
22
0 VDC
15
16,00
5 VDC
L
5 VDC
X5
00
0 VDC
N
0 VDC
65
XX,00
5 VDC
P
0 VDC
35
XX, 00
5 VDC
S
0 VDC
X1
00
15 VDC (unloaded)
U
0 VDC
03
04,00
5 VDC
V
0 VDC
05
06,00
5 VDC
4 Remove the extender card and replace the interface board in slot 4.
G AMPLIFIER BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Plug the amplifier board on the extender card in slot 7.
2 Clip a jumper between the bottom side of R4 and the upper right pin
on the detector plug matrix.(DET 1)
3 In the MANUAL mode enter code OO(reset).
4 Set the RANGES to 2, the SPAN pots to 10, and the SIGNAL to Methane,
special Set the Dual Range (HIGH/LOW) switch to LOW.
5 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P2.
special Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P1.
6 Enter code 01 {enable detector 1 signal out).
7 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U4 to O.OmVDC with P4,
8 Enter code OO(reset).
i Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P12.
10 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P13.
11 Enter coda 01 and 05(SPAN).
12 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to 1 .OOVDC with P3.
13 Remove the jumper and plug the ribbon cable into the electrometer.
14 Remove the extender card and replace the Amplifier board in slot 7.
-------
12/31/98
Page 3 of
H AUTO IGNITE BOARD CHECK
1 Make sure programmed PAL chip is in position U3 on the Auto Ignite board.
2 Adjust the voltage at test point 1 to 3.00V with PI.
3 Attach auto ignite test fixture to test points 1-12.
4 Adjust P2 until diode 10(occilation frequency) turns on every 10 seconds.
5 Turn unit off, then on to reset. Diodes 6-9 on the test fixture should step
through a binary count sequence, with diode 4(coil on) lighting every other step.
6 Diode 5(H2 Shutoff) should remain lit until a binary count of 10.
Afterwards, diode 5 should respond to the front panel H2 ON/OFF switch
and diode 4{coil on) should respond to the Ignite button.
7 Short terminal 7 on the back panel to ground. The sequence should reset.
I SAMPLE PUMP SETUP
1 Turn on the pump with the front panel switch.
2 Check that the fittings and lines are not vibrating against the case as they
pass through the oven wall.
3 Check that the internal lines are not vibrating against each other.
4 If vibration is a problem, adjust the pump shock mount spacing.
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER SETUP
1 Access the setup menu on the Watlow temperature controller by pressing
the UP and DOWN keys simultaneously for three seconds.
2 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
3 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
LOC
0
rL
-200
Ot 2
dEA
rtd
void
In
H
rH
1250
HSA
2
rP
OFF
dEC
0
Ot 1
ht
LAt
nLA
rt
void
C F
C
HSC
2
SIL
OFF
PL
100
4 Access the operation menu by pressing the M(mode) key.
5 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
6 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are;
Pb1
3
Ctl
5
rA2
void
ALH
25
rE1
0.15
Pb2
void
Ct2
void
CAL
-20
rAI
0.33
rE2
void
ALO
-25
AUt
0
7 Note: Most values in the operation menu will set themselves by setting the
AUt selection to 2. See the Watlow Manual for more information.
8 Use the UP/DOWN keys to select a set point. Normally set at 200.
9 Monitor oven temperature with an external temperature probe. You will
have to adjust the CAL value in the operation menu so that the Watlow
controllers Temp. Read matches the external probe.
11 After athe temperature has stabilized, note the final value.
Watlow Display Oven Chamber CAL Value
SET = | 200 MAIN-PUT
READ - \ 200 FlD= NA
CAL=| -11 |
-------
12/31/98
Page 4 of 6
J
special
special
INTEGRATOR BOARD TEST
special
special
special
special
special
8 I
Actual value found
' 50.0
19.7
09.7
5.00
1.96
7.99
1 Note dip switch setting
2 Set signal switch to Methane and the methane Range to 50.
Set the Dual Range switch to LOW
3 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 02.
4 Adjust the methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
Note methane span pot setting
Note: When a multiplication factor is involved on an instrument,
multiply both the range and the display by the same amount.
For example, a range of 50ppm (xl 0) is 500ppm, and the display of
50.0 (x10) is also 500.
5 Attach volt meter between pin 5(methane out) and pin 1 (methane iso-ground)
Output should be 20.0 mA(w/4-20mA module) or 1,000V.
7 Change the methane range back to 50.
8 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 02.
9 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or 0.500V.
11 Set the signal switch to Non-Methane.
12 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 12.
13 Adjust the non-methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
1
24.3
0.488
actual value found
50.0
19.8
09.7
5.00
1.98
14 Attach volt meter between pin 6{non-methane out) and pin 9(non-meth iso-ground)
Output should be 20.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or1.000 VDC. I 0.999
16 Change the non-methane range back to 50.
17 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 12.
18 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12mA{w/4-20mA module) or0.500 VDC.
19 Note non methane span pot setting.
24.9
0.5
7.92
4-20mA OUTPUT OPTION (Methane)
-------
12/31/98
Page 5 of 6
Note: check ail values below at the 4-20mA modules mounted on the instruments
left side panel
1 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module,
2 Check U1 20V output
3 Check U2 20V output
4 Check 0-1OV signal in at U on the mA
5 Check 4-20mA output between T (gnd) and I (signal! on the same side .
6 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
Input output
OO.OmV
3.98
10.11V
20.02
20.43
20.23
module.
special
Check that the x10V board is operating correctly(pin 4 = 0-1V in, pin 3
(Non-Methane)
7 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
8 Check U1 20V output
9 Check U2 20V output
0-1 OV out)
19.9
20.15
10 Check 0-1 OV signal in at UE on mA module.
11 Check 4-20mA output between terminal T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side.
12 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
OO.OmV
3.97
10.11V
19.93
special Check that the x10V board is operating correctlylpin 4 - 0-1V in, pin 3 = 0-1 OV out)
M
FLOW CALIBRATION
1 Attach H2 and HCF Air to their respective inlets on the back panel.
Bottle pressure should be 40PSI in both cases.
Note: It is common to "T" the Air line to provide pressure for both the
combustion Air inlet and the SP (valve actuation) inlet.
2 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the built in H2 regulator.
Adjust the pressure until a flow of 40 cc/min is obtained.
3 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the Air regulator.
Adjust to pressure until a flow of 200cc/min is obtained.
4 Note exact results.
PSl at
Air>
H2 =
24
22
PSl at
200
40
cc/min.
cc/min
5 Attach carrier gas to CARRIER IN port, (normally HCF Air or Zero N2)
6 Adjust carrier gas bottle pressure until a flow of 45cc/min is obtained.
Note: Flow must be measured at the FID inside the oven. H2 flow must be cut
prior to measurement, and the temperature must have stabilized at the normal
operational setting. Normally a bottle pressure of 25 PSl will produce the desired
flow rate. Use a high temperature flow rate probe.
7 Note exact results for inject (03) and backflush (04) modes.
INJECT
• BACKFLUSH
8 Reopen H2 bottle.
IGNITE FID
18
18
cc/min
cc/min
PSl AT BOTTLE
26
-------
12/31/98
Page 6 of 6
1 Install FID in the oven. Connect Fuel and Air lines. Make sure the
extender and chimney locking collars are set tightly.
2 Attach the electrometer board to the extender as it emerges from
the oven wall. After checking that the FID ignites, reattach the electrometer
inside its shield with insulation.
3 Turn unit off, then on to reset the auto ignite sequence. Check for flame
by looking for condensation on cold steel at the chimney vent.
4 Confirm that the ignite LED on the front panel lights when the flame does.
5 If the flame does not light:
a Manually light the flame by holding open the H2 ON/OFF switch
and pressing the ignite button,
b Try increasing the H2 pressure slightly
c Remove the FID chimney and check that the coil is glowing
brightly when the ignite button is pressed.
M DISPLAY METER. RANGE. AND SIGNAL OUT TEST
special The Dual Range swith adds a multiplier to the amp board circuit
prior to the span signal, and so it should have no impact on this test.
1 Connect the multimeter to back panel terminals number 10(ground)
and number 3(0 to 10OmVDC signal out)
2 Enter code OO(reset). Ranges set to 2. Signal set to Methane.
3 Voltage at terminal 3 - 00.0 mVDC.
5 Enter code 01 (enable output)
6 Voltage at terminal 3 = 0.0 mVDC.
7 Enter code 05(span).
8 Voltage at terminal 3 =100.0 mVDC.
9 Range Set to 5. Voltage at terminal 3 - 40.0 mVDC.
11 Range Set to 10. Voltage at terminal 3 - 20.0 mVDC.
12 Range Set to 20. Voltage at terminal 3 - 10.0 mVDC.
14 Range Set to 50. Voltage at terminal 3 - 4.0 mVDC.
15 Enter code OO(reset)
16 Voltage at terminal 2 « 0.000 VDC.
17 Enter code 01 (enable output! and 05(span)
18 Voltage at terminal 2= 10.0 VDC.
CODE 01 CODE 11
Actual Values Found
00.0
0
1 0
100
101.8
39.1
40.6
19.5
20.5
9.7
10.2
03.8
4.1
10.04 |
N PURN IN
1 Let unit run for 48 hours with the sample pump drawing from a zero
nitrogen stream at a slight overpressure.
START BURN IN
Time-) 8:00 AM
STOP BURN IN
Time-I 8:00 AM
Date= 12/28/98
Date= 12/31/98
COMPLETED BY
AFN
-------
12/31/98
1030H SOURCE METHANE / NON-METHANE
BASELINE APPLICATION DATA SHEET
OR
DER:
csu
SERIAL#: 1321
I
I
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE:
Low I
-15.18
DETECTOR:
FID
I
high |
-15.18
Ranaes
DUAL 1x10)20,50,100,200,500(x100)200,500,1000,2000,5000
Columns
Part#
Material
tubing
C1
SC001020
3S unibeads
6' x 1/8" SS
C2
SC001021
1S unibeads
5' x 1/8" SS
Arangement:
Port 7 on the valve to C2 to CI to Port 6 on the valve
SamDle Iood
1
j
SI
10.7" x ,085 I.D. SS
aproximately 1 mL volume I
Proaram
| |
Step
Time
Code
Descriotion
00
flA.AA
Vw«vv
03 &Q&G
Inject valve one 1 |
01
00; 15
15 Otif
Enable detector one output
02
g 1 ,->r
01 btm
Open peak one(methane) window
03
m nfi
W HVW
02
Close peak one(methane) window
04
rs60
99 CWS
Look to Recycle
I
99
3Q±fiS
oo Qoas
Recycle
LINEARITY TEST (LOW)
Note: Dip switch on integrator card set to 8.
501x100) rang* I Methane Peak
SO (x 100) range
Non Methane Peak
peak | PPM
Display
peak
PPM
Display
1 j 5.00
05.1
2
5.00
05.0
31 50.0
49.9
4
50.0
50.2
Methane Span:
hS&tee-
Non-Meth Span:
l(75%r48
Curves Used:
2
Note: MEQ factors were not used since the Non-Methane
CI
RVE SHEETS ATTACHED
peak can ba independently scaled and ranged at the
1
HIGH LINEARITY
operators discration.
2
LOW LINEARITY
SEE CURVE SHEETS FOR HIGH RANGE LINEARITY
3
After shipment, run clean carrier gas through columns
4
for 24 hours for bast results |
1 1
FLOWS
ELECTROMETER
OVEN TEMPERATUf
IES
| stream
ttii
oc/mifi
10
MegOhm
Controller Type:
WATLOW
Air
200
0.1
uF
Temperature Set:
200
H2
2t>
40
1
T.C.
Temperature Read:
200
Sample
pump
2.2LPM
10k/100k
at R6
Main Oven:
198.8C
I Carrier I
26
18
normal
Zero circuit
I CarrierB
26
18
Carrier Gas Used:
HCF Air
I
COMPLETED BY
A FN
i DATI
E 12/31/98
-------
t csu
I UNIT: 1030H M/N
! SERIAL# 1321
)ATE 12/31/98 BY A.N.
eparation Test
1 50 ppm Methane
2 50 ppm Propane
3 500ppm Methane
4 500ppm Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
low range
LOW SETTINGS
PSI STREAM RATE
24 AIR 200 cc/min
22 H2 *">6.30-cc/min
26 Carier Inj. 18 cc/min
26 Carrier Bk. 18 cc/min
RIM POT SETTINGS
lethane 4.08
Ion-Methane 1.48
LECTROMETER
10 MEGOHM
I 0.1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
0K/100K at R6
ormal zero circuit
iVEN TEMPERATURES
YPE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
98.8°C MAIN OVEN
-11 CAL
(ETECTOR
TYPE: FID
:OLLECTOR VOLTS: -15.18
ANGE (x10)
lethane Non-Methane
00 ppm 500 ppm
0 POSITION 50 POSITION
:hart rec. settings
>PEED: 5 mm/min
ULL SCALE: IQOmV
-------
csu
UNIT: 1030HM/N
SERIAL# 1321
DATE 12/31/98 BY A.N.
ieparation Test
1 500 ppm Methane
2 500 ppm Propane
3 5000ppm Methane
4 5000ppm Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
high range
LOW SETTINGS
PSI STREAM RATE
24 AIR 200 cc/min
22 H2 cc/min
26 Carier Inj. 18 cc/min
26 Carrier Bk. 18 cc/min
TRIM POT SETTINGS
riethane 4.08
don-Methane 1.48
ELECTROMETER
10 MEGOHM
0.1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
! OK/100K at R6
lormal zero circuit
WEN TEMPERATURES
TYPE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
I98.8°C MAIN OVEN
-11 CAL
DETECTOR
TYPE : FID
COLLECTOR VOLTS: -15.18
tANGE
tfethane
>000 ppm
50 POSITION
(x100)
Non-Methane
5000 ppm
50 POSITION
;HART REC. SETTINGS
SPEED: 5 mm/min
=ULL SCALE: 100mV
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX I
BASELINE METHANE/NON-METHANE ANALYZER
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Caterpillar Engine Testbed Calibrations
Datc:%-23-f?
Test; -c PA
PRESSURES
HBH
n
Rm
Intercooler Supply
0-150" H20
6.3
t lil.)
Intereooler Water
Diff
0 -150" H20
l.n
OH.?
Intercooler Air
Diff
0 - 100" H20
O.D
f r>n. i
Ej Q
sa.t
Post Intercooler
Air
0 ~ 150 psi
1 Hf
*> 2
Pre Pump Fuel
0 - 250" H20
a. i
2 **?
( L.£
(? c;
Post Pump Fuel
0 - 200 psi
o
I
Io n
Pre Turbo Exhaust
0 - 300 psi
o
Z? 9
/SO
m")
Turbo Exhaust
Diff
0 -15" H20
©
7
O.ot
Catalyst Diff
0 - 80" H20
-o.t
in
Post Turbo
Exhaust
0-110" H20
o
I ^
SH.^
-------
Caterpillar Engine Testbed Calibrations
Date:
Test: £ f A
TEMPERATURES
mum
¦¦
5H
CTH
Dyno Water In
0 - 200°F
C
H
t n
! S6
iff
J.W. Out
0 -200°F
H
-2-OD
\?o
Wo
Oil In
0 - 200°F
c>
2oo
isa
t.SO
Oil Out
0 -200°F
I
1 5o
i.S f
Fuel
0 - 200°F
C
loo
ICo
ISO
L. Post Turbo Air
0 - 1000°F
1
Innc
R. Post Tmbo Air
0 - 1000°F
3
i
1? ho
Cylinder #1 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
1
I Oo"}
S£D
Cylinder #2 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
1
ioca
Cylinder #3 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
\
l CM
SSo
??£>/
Cylinder #4 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
H
ioo-x
%h0
S'SD
Cylinder #5 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
3
106 3
<3 $6
Cylinder #6 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
r>
lOOr,
*3^0
Cylinder #7 Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
0
t DOC)
'ShO
'Bsc
Cylinder #8 Exhaust
0 - I000°F
I
lOOf
Sbo
95 (
Air Manifold
0 - 200°F
2
2.00
(So
1 56
L. Pre Turbo Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
o
1 06/
<2 Bo
1?.5iO
R. Pre Turbo Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
o
IDOi
y""*! «»"•
SSd
Post Turbo Exhaust
0 - 1000°F
2
) r>o^L
<25}
Exhaust Header
G-9O0°F
3
iooi
Pre Cat
0 - 900°F
(Co 2_
VZo
Pest Cat
0 - 900°F
5
tcoi
Sto
"SB 2.
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX J
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
El Paso Energy
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Measurement Services
Metrology Center Laboratory Report
Important Document
These documents certify that the instrument indicated has been inspected in accordance with
accepted measurement practices and quality control procedures established for this laboratory
and demonstrates reliable performance made by direct comparison to standards maintained by
the Metrology Center. The Metrology Center standards are serviced and re-certified on a
periodic basis with an unbroken chain of measurements traceable to the U.S. National metrology
standards retained by the National Institute of Standards and Technalogy(NlST).
Duplicate copies of these documents are maintained on file for five years. The statistical information
from our prior certifications provides the basis for assignment of certification period validity and
preventative maintenance procedures.
The Metrology Center is a controlled environment facility located 30 06 15 North and 95 50 14
West at an elevation of 253ft above sea level. For additional information, duplicates of this
document, or a complete file copy, please write to P.O. box 280, Hockley TX 77447 or call
(713) 757-6685, and talk to Tim Hannan the Lead Metrology Specialist.
Report# 99031903
-------
EI Paso Energy
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Measurement Services
Metrology Center Laboratory Report # 99031903
Receiving Report
Date Received in Lab: 3/17/99
Serial Numbers
11514
Model Numbers
Beta 0-5,0-100
Inspections:
1. Received with or without freight damage deeribed as follows: None
2. Received missing parts listed as follows: None
3. Received with physical damage described as follows: None
4. Received without case? No
5. Received with damaged case? No
6. Received with calibration tag removed? No
7. Received partially or completely assembled? No
8. Received with apparent fluid or particle contamination? No
9. Received with quick connects or valves? No
(quick connects and valves will be removed for testing.)
Maintenance & Repair Report
The information below is in reference to any preventative or repair measures provided
during the certification procedures.
1. Inspected connectors & cables for electrical integrity as applicable. OK
2. Tested battery and charger as applicable
Parts used: qty Description/Reason for usage
1
2
3
4
5
6
Recommendations: None
Comments:
-------
El Paso Energy
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Measurement Services
Metrology Center Laboratory Report # 99031903
Standards of Comparison
The primary and secondary standards below are the comparison basis for the
equipment under test. These instruments are periodically tested by approved
authorities and may be traced to the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Range Certification Date
Equipment Accuracy Re-certification Due
1. DH Hydraulic piston
& cyl. No. 3342
200 psi/kg
0,01 % of reading
04/30/98
04/30/00
2. DH 1502 Divider No,
4087
0-20 psid
0.01 % of reading
04/22/98
04/22/00
3. DH 1OKG Mass Set No.
2590
0-10 kg
0.002% of reading
07/17/97
07/17/99
4. DH Pneumatic piston
& cyl. No. 3674A
250 psig/kg
0.01 % of reading
07/24/97
07/23/99
5. Ametek PK Ball &
Nozzle No, 82579
654 In. H20
0.015 % of reading
07/31/98
07/31/99
6. Ametek PK Mass Set
No. 82579
4& 10 "wtc+654"WC
Included
07/31/98
07/31/99
7. Paroscientific Mdl 760-15G
No. 67204
0-15 psig
.01% FS
08/10/98
08/10/99
8. Hart Scientific Mdl 9105
No.82563
-13 to +284 degrees F
.1 degrees F
02/13/98
02/13/99
9. Ametek / M & G RK-200 SS
No. 72793
0-200 psig
0.025% of reading
08/14/98
08/14/99
-------
Report# 99031903
DATE: 3/19/99
DIVISION / OWNER
INSTRUMENT TYPE
INSTRUMENT MFG.
GRAVITY
SERIAL#
TEST STANDARD
Certificate of Accuracy
Gary Hutcherson
Beta 320,0-5
Hathaway
N/A
11514
AMETEK - PK TESTER (.015 % OF READING)
COMMENTS: Tested with Paroscientific Standard. The following results arc based on 73 degree data.. Prior to testing
the unit was powered up for 30 minutes. Cycled unit from zero to span several tiroes before testing.
* Unit left within manufacturers specifications.
AMETEK PK STANDARD
(IN. H20)
CORRECTED FOR SITE
GRAVITY + A.G.A. TEMP.
0.00
=
0.00
30.00
=
30.00
60.00
=
60.00
90.00
=
90.00
120.00
=
120.00
140.00
as
140.00
120.00
=
120.00
90.00
=
90.00
60.00
=
60.00
30.00
=
30.00
0.00
=
0.00
AS
RECEIVED
INST.
%READ
% F.S.
READING
ERROR
ERROR
0.000
0.000
0.000
30.140
0.467
0.009
60.210
0.350
0.014
90.190
0.211
0.013
120.030
0.025
0.002
139.820
0.129
0.012
120.050
0.042
0.003
90.240
0.267
0.016
60.260
0.433
0.017
30.190
0.633
0.013
0.000
0.000
0.000
AFTER
CALIBRATION
INST.
% READ
% F.S.
READING
ERROR
ERROR
0.000
0.000
0.000
29.990
0.033
0.001
59,990
0.017
0.001
89.590
0.011
0.001
120.020
0.017
0.001
140.000
0.000
0.000
120.020
0.017
0.001
90.010
0.011
0.001
60.010
0.017
0.001
30,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Calibration Date: 3/19/99
Calibration Due Date : 9/16/99
BY: ReneElizalde
signature:
230UPDN.WK3
6-9?
PCM 1997
-------
Report# 98072101
DATE: 3/19/99
Certificate of Accuracy
DIVISION/OWNER;
INSTRUMENT TYPE;
INSTRUMENT MFG.:
GRAVITY:
SERIAL #:
TEST STANDARD:
Gary Hutcherson
Beta 320,0-100
Hathaway
N/A
11514
Ametek HL-2Q0-SS D.W. (.05% OF READING)
COMMENTS: Tested with Paroscientific Standard, The following results are based on 73 degree data,. Prior to testing
the unit was powered up for 30 minutes. Cycled unit from zero to span several times before testing.
* Unit left within manufacturers specifications.
Ametek STANDARD (PSIG)
CORRECTED FOR SITE
GRAVITY
* 979.3Q8(lab)/980.665(standard)
0.00
=
0.00
25.00
=
24.965
50.00
=
49.931
75.00
=
74.896
100.00
=
99.862
75.00
=s
74.896
50.00
=
49.931
25.00
=5=
24.965
0.00
s
0.00
AS
RECEIVED
INST.
%READ
% F.S.
READING
ERROR
ERROR
0.000
0.000
0.000
24.96
0.022
0.000
49.94
0.018
0.001
74.94
0.058
0.003
99.90
0.038
0.003
74.95
0.072
0.004
49.94
0.018
0.001
24.97
0.018
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Al* A'ER
CALIBRATION
INST.
% READ
% F.S.
READING
ERROR
ERROR
0.000
0.000
0.000
24.95
0.062
0.001
49.93
0.002
0.000
74.89
0.008
0.000
99.85
0.012
0.001
74.88
0.022
0.001
49.93
0.002
0.000
24.95
0.062
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
Calib ration Date : 3/19/99
Calibration Due Date : 9/16/99
BY: Tim Hannan
signature:
230UPDN/WK3
8-97
PCM 1997
-------
MANSFIELD & GREEN DIVISION
8600 SOMERSET DRIVE, LARGO, FLORIDA 34643 TELEPHONE: (813) 536-7831
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY FROM M & G STANDARDS LABORATORY
M & G Model pk2 -254WC-SS Purchase Order No. P77840 Serial No. 84809
Certification Date: 12/13/95 Recommended Recodification Date: 12/13/96
ACCURACY: THE INSTRUMENT IS CERTIFIED TO BE ACCURATE WITHIN A
MAXIMUM ERROR OF ,025% OF INDICATED READING.
CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE
This Certification was made by direct comparison with Ametek/Mansfield & Green Division Laboratory master
standards, which are periodically referred to one or more of the primary standards traceable to NIST or other
national physical measures recognized as equivalent by NIST This calibration procedure meets the requirements
of MIL-STD-45662A, ANSl/ASME N45.2, and 10CFR50 Appendix B. The above standards are traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology on Report Numbers:
PISTON & CYLINDER/BALL & NOZZLE AREA REFERENCED TO 23 DEG. C
MODEL"'""" _. -' ¦ ¦ SQ'.-;-IN~;"NXST"'AREA REPORT ' NUMBERS (CAL DATE)
RK. . .... . . P-8436(12/21/92}
RK. . .... P-8476 (5/17/94)
PK. . " ..... P-8436 (12/21/92)
HK. . .• . ..S/4^.:.r;;r,^p"-8365',(10/22/90)
10 , T, R, WG,HL": ":!fdf % ;p-8469•{01 /10/94)
' -r '-P-8469 (01/10/94)
V-- .05 - P-8390 (10/04/91) ,P-84 69 (01/10/94)
. .. . .10 - P-8390 (10/04/91)
MASS @35% RELATIVE •-HDMipiTYl. v - '
NIST MASS REPORT NUM3ERS:
822/MET56, (09/17/92); 822/MET55, (4/23/93)
822/MET57, (10/01/93); 822/253849, (07/21/94)
731/243669, (C3/03/93)
PRESSURE READINGS ARE REFERENCED TO A GRAVITY OF 980.6650 GALS.
CERTIFIED CORRECT
THE SERVICE WAS PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE
AMETEK
WITH QA MANUAL REV. 2S DATED 12/1/34. MANSFIELD & GREEN DIVISION
) 1 0~ . I 1 _ . I
-------
ROMAN
CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION
CUSTOMER NAME:
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
CENTRAL RECEIVING
FORT COLLINS, CO 80523-6011
REPORT NO.: 92-3998TR
PURCHASE ORDER NO.: DP07675S8
PROCEDURE: QCTX88FINAL
MODEL NO.: X88
DESCRIPTION: CALIBRATOR
SERIAL NO.: 00447
DATE CALH3.: 02/10/99
TEMPERATURE: 78 DEGREES F.
ITEM CONDITION
AS RECEIVED: IN TOLERANCE
AS LEFT: IN TOLERANCE
CALIB. DUE : 02/10/2000
Ronan Engineering Company does hereby certify the above listed instrument meets or exceeds all
published specifications and has been calibrated using standards whose accuracies are traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology Our "Calibration System Requirements" satisfy M£L-
STD-45662A.
STANDARDS EMPLOYED
I/DNO.
MANUFACTURER
MOD. NO.
DUE DATE NIST
CC24311
DATA PRECISION
8200
10/23/99
6599
CC88401
FLUKE
8840A
11/03/99
15803
CC86TE35
RONAN
X86
09/28/99
254980
NB-101A
JULIE RESEARCH
10 OHM
06/11/99
PRO-106LT
NB-102A
JULIE RESEARCH
100 OHM
06/11/99
PRO-106LT
NB-103
JULIE RESEARCH
IK OHM
06/11/99
PRO-106LT
QUALITY ASS
CE
DAI
RONAN ENGINEERING COMPANY
P.O. Box 1275 • Woodland Hills, California 91365
21200 Oxnard Street« Woodland Hills, California 91367 • (818) 883-5211
-------
MODEL X88 CALIBRATOR SERIAL NUMBER ° O
TEST DATA SHEET by 4-o
DATE
INPUT
OUTPUT
CALIBRATOR
INPUT
DISPLAY
CAUBRATOR
LIMIT
DISPLAY
MEASURED
CALIBRATION
LIMIT
150 mV
00.00 mV
100.00 mV
149.90 mV
OO' o o
I DO *QO
\ 4-i . ^ \
±.01
±.02
±.03
00.00 mV
0 O. OQ2.
100.00 mV | o o. Oof
bc-c°^S"G. oo5
±.01
±.02
1.5 V
,0000V
1.0000 V
1,4990 V
- OOQ O
I -oooo
± .0001
±.0002
± .0003
O . O OfO
15V INPUT
10V OUTPUT
0.000 V
10000 v I S&.Qqo
14.990 V
± .001
±.002
±.003
0.000 V
9.999 V
10.000 V
C - "7 , -Q
&AUTO SEQUENCE O
Pi-WIRE TRANSMITTER SUPPLY 0 ^
' Record data to .XXXX (4 places).
' Record data to .XXX (3 places).
p\ S> I—® v *
W i* \-\ tvm -V- i » o v<. c.
cc: ^ < ^t£3 G
cc: \ WBio\a Aj =^0
cc: 66 5oa y ^ i o-2. A -^kJ II 53
It/: ???¦!?,.-
-------
riu iu;ia PAA i/013JJ0U2» YaISALA INC ®002
<~) VfllSALfi
2335
Calibration Laboratory
REPORT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY CALIBRATION
Report #: 99-1-0122-Ll 1
S.O, 0: N/A
hislrument Model: HMF233
Calibration Date: 1/22/99
Serial Number: T4310Q21
Instrument Range: 0 to 100% RH Calibration Procedure: 3-! 9-20c.doc
Accuracy: Relative Humidity; ±i% RH (0 to 90% RH), ±2% RH (90 to 100% RH)
Temperature; ± 0.2* C @ 20® C Due Date: 1 year from above date
Customer: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
City, State: FT. COLLINS, CO
Calibration Information
This unii was calibrated by comparing lis readings at 0.0 and 75.5% RH to a reference humidity instrument: Vaisala
m-xfc! KM? 233, S/N: R i630fil" . Additional instrument verification checkpoints were made at 11,3% and 97.6%
RH, respectively. Calibration and instrument verification sequences utilize dry nitrogen and a sec of Controlled
Aqueous Salt Solutions. Vaisala S/N': P3540000 . Interval: 6 months. Laboratory ambient conditions are maintained
at a temperature of 22 ±1®C with a relative humidity level of 50%±3% RH. Sensor stabilization time is > 30
minutes prior to adjustment. Calibration uncertainty is ±0.6% RH (at 22°C. The temperature is checked at ambient
temperature against NIST standard traceable through a F250 (SWM297-030-597), PRT ASL T25/02 L\ 01801-1068 hKp-y/^-ww v-jisjb.cnm
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX K
EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION SHEETS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. BPA.
-------
Dynamometer Calibration
Colorado State University
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Sponsor: EPA
Date:
0
o
—
833
„ % 2,fc 5
1524
15 IS .
. _ y t S"2 O
C1 1. "> >.
2217
ZHI .
1 y ^ 2-^-1 2.5
<\ 1-85*-
2909
2,10 4 ^
> ZTOS.5
11.Ih.
3600
I>3513
3 si ^
Il.lh
4292
Mill
q&. loo ?„
4984
tmn
too ^
% Actual Torque «¦ Calculated Torque/Actual Torque
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX L
DYNAMOMETER CALIBRATION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Midwest Eddie Current Dynamometer
Calibration
Check zero with no weights or calibration arm. If it is a couple units or more off,
set toggles to zero, press, and hold Auto Zero button on DynLoc controller for one
second.
Record reading.
Put on calibration arm and first weight. Let it settle and record reading.
Repeat for next five weights.
Put on last weight (there will be one weight not used) and let it settle. If it is a
couple units or more off, set toggle switches to 4984, press, and hold Auto Span
button on DynLoc controller for one second.
Record reading.
Remove weight; let it settle, and record reading.
Repeat for next six weights.
Remove calibration aim
Average loading and unloading calculated torque. Calculate % actual torque as
per calibration sheet.
All should be within one % of actual torque. If not, recalibrate.
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX M
DYNAMOMETER CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
PytteH4-.,.EPA..
-------
DIESEL FUEL ANALYSIS FOR EPA TESTING
Tests performed: ASTM D240. D5291, D4294, D975. D1319
DATE SAMPLED
LABORATORY
HEAT OF
COMBUSTION
(BTU/lb)
CETANE
INDEX
FLASH POINT
(dtgF)
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
CARBON
<% by mass]
HYDROGEN
(%by
mass)
NITROGEN
(% by mass)
SULFUR
(% by mass)
AROMATICS
(% by vol.)
OLEFINS
(% by vol.)
SATURATES
(% by vol.)
B/27/99
Southern
Petroleum Labs
19,519
46.0
132
0.8490
86.82
13.18
< 0.3
0.026
35.2
0.4
64.4
8/30/99
BG Products, Inc.
19,680
46.1
143
0.8488
86.59
13.17
<0.1
0.0195
28.59
3.16
68.26
9/1/99
Southern
Petroleum Labs
19,532
46.5
116
0.8479
86.79
13.21
<0.3
0.027
34.3
0.4
65 3
9/1/99
BG Products, Inc.
19,671
46.3
127
0.8468
86.60
13.17
<0.1
0.0196
28.57
3.30
68.14
Note. BG Products, Inc. said that their test tor Olefins was In error. It Is about an order of magnitude to high.
It is a test that they do not run very often. They are reviewing their test procedures to correct the problem.
However, they do not plan on rerunning this sample.
-------
GC PIANO Analysis
1/17/00
Method GPA 2186
Southern Petroleum Labs
Type
Wt%
Vol %
Mol %
Total Paraffins
73.202
74.687
66.127
Total Iso-paraffins
6.971
7.413
8.902
Total Naphenes
2.424
2.429
3.761
Total Aramatics
13.238
11.451
16.835
Total Olefins
0.037
0.039
0.063
Total C26
0.025
0.025
0.013
Total Unknowns
4.103
3.955
4.299
100.000
99.999
100.000
Group
Methane
ethane
Propane
Butanes
Pentatnes
Hexanes
Heptanes
Octanes
Nonanes
Decanes
C11's
C12's
C13's
C14's
CIS's
C16's
C17's
C18's
C19'S
C20's
C21'S
C22's
C#
Wt%
Vol %
Mol %
Mol. Frac.
1
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
4
0.053
0.073
0.174
0.002
5
0.210
0.265
0.552
0.006
6
0.328
0.373
0.728
0.007
7
0.384
0.408
0.733
0.007
8
0.683
0.704
1.154
0.012
9
1.412
1.442
2.122
0.021
10
5.710
5.494
7.892
0.079
11
9.502
9.056
11.913
0.119
12
11.236
10.762
12.851
0.129
13
10.661
11.055
10.975
0.110
14
13.167
13.529
12.604
0.126
15
12.781
13.029
11.426
0.114
16
8.584
8.705
7.198
0.072
17
7.425
7.492
5.864
0.059
18
4.585
4.620
3.421
0.034
19
3.218
3.197
2.276
0.023
20
2.771
2.716
1.863
0.019
21
1.288
1.262
0.826
0.008
22
1.004
0.984
0.615
0.006
Avg. MW
Avg. Sp Gr.
C content
16.044
0.000
0.000
30.071
0.000
0.000
44.099
0.000
0.000
58.124
0.570
0.007
72.151
0.621
0.028
85.536
0.688
0.044
99.627
0.739
0.051
112.344
0.760
0.092
126.353
0.768
0.191
137.390
0.815
0.789
151.464
0.822
1.310
166.029
0.818
1.542
184.470
0.756
1.427
198.390
0.763
1.765
212.420
0.769
1.714
226.448
0.773
1.152
240.475
0.777
0.997
254.500
0.778
0.616
268.529
0.789
0.432
282.556
0.800
0.373
296.000
0.800
0.173
310.000
0.800
0.135
-------
C23's 23 0.555
C24'S 24 0.216
C25's 25 0.099
C26 26 0.025
Unknowns 13.869737 4.103
Averages 100.000
0.544
0.325
0.003
324.000
0.211
0.121
0.001
338.000
0.097
0.054
0.001
352.000
0.025
0.013
0.000
366.731
3.955
4.299
0.043
196.574
99.998
99.999
1.000
192.462
AW S
32.06
AWN
14.0067
AW C
12.01150
AWH
1.00800
Sulfur content from ASTM D-4294
S% = 0.026 by mass
S% = 0.15608272 molar
Nitrogen content from ASTM D-5291
N% =
N% =
0.3 by mass
4.12221294 molar
Carbon content from Piano-GC. normalized
C%= 84.3198481 by mass
C% = 30.1974065 molar
Hvdroaen content from Piano-GC. normalized
H% = 15.3541519 by mass
H% = 65.5242979 molar
x =
%C
y =
%H
H/C
H/C
0.800 0.075
0.800 0.029
0.800 0.014
0.003
0.596
0.752 13.555
13.555
31.547
29.4122608
68.452916
2.16986508 molar
0.18209416 by mass
-------
Dat Red Input, GC
Combustion Stoichiometrv
Analysis Date:
1/17/00
A/Fstofc«
14.97702
Fuel
by mass,
mass
molar,
MW of Elements
by mass
normalize!
fraction, n
molar
normalized
C
12.011
% Carbon =
84.31985
84.31985
0.843198
7.020219
31.51436
H
1.0079
% Hydrogen =
15.35415
15.35415
0.153542
15.2338
68.38585
N
14.0067
% Nitrogen =
0.30000
0.3
0.003
0.021418
0.096149
O
15.9994
% Sulfur =
0.02600
0.026
0.00026
0.000811
0.003641
S
32.06
sum =
100.00000
100
1
22.27625
100
Note: S and N from ASTM D-4294 and ASTM D5291, respectively; C and H from GC Piano.
CHy ->
y =
2.169865
H/C ratio by mass =
0.182084
H/C ratio, molar =
2.169865
Average Composition Calculated from Piano GC Analysis
MW =
192.462
x =
13.55488
y =
29.41226
•
H/C =
2.169865
Air
Constit.
%
mol fract
MW
MW*mol fr
02 normal
A/Fs =
15.18993
Heywood
N2
77.16266
0.771627
28.0134
21.61588
3.773725
d
02
20.44734
0.204473
31.9988
6.542904
1
Urban and Sharp, 1994 (Sulfur is neglected)
H20
2.39
0.0239
18.0152
0.430563
0.116886
e
y =
2.169865
sums->
1
z =
0
MWave =
28.58935
f =
0.003051
A =
1.542466
hfg for water (® 70 F =
1054
Btu/lbm,water =
1450.959
Btu/lbm,fuel
A/Fs =
14.97702
mass water/mass fuel =
1.376621
Parameters
Needed fo
r Data Reduction
Lower Heating Value:
19519
Btu/lb =
9609.346
Btu/SCF =
45.4496
MJ/kg
Higher Heeting Value
20969.96
Btu/lb =
10323.66
Btu/SCF
48.82813
MJ/kg
Specific gravity =
0.849
rel.to H20;
6.643806
rel. to air
density =
52.638
lb/ftA3
0.508178
Ib/SCF
MW of HC in Fuel =
192.462
g/mole
Pet. Carbon in Fuel =
0.070202
H/C Ratio - Total Fuel
=
2.169865
mass fraction C02 = |
0
I I
Page 1
-------
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-01
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 770S4
PHONE (713) 660-0901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN; Daniel B. Olsen, Ph.D
DATE;
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE: Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel COKEN-1Q02
PROJECT NO: XPO 42 3297
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATS SAMPLED: 08/27/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
analytical data
PARAMETER
Heat of Combustion in Gross BTU/lb
Method ASTM D-240
Analyzed by: HR
Date; 09/14/99
Cetane Index
Method ASTM D-976.
Analyzed by: TB
Date: 09/15/99
Flash Point {PM}
Method ASTM D-93
Analyzed by: TB
Date: 09/14/99
Sulfur Content by X-ray
Method ASTM D-4294
Analyzed by: CS
Date: 09/14/99
RESULTS
19519
DETECTION
LIMIT
UNITS
46.0
132
0.026
:oo3
%w/w
Notes:
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 30.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
-------
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-01
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON. TEXAS 77054
PHONE (713) 660-0901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B. 01sen, Ph.D
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE: Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel COKEN-1002
PROJECT NO: XPO 423297
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 08/27/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
PARAMETER RESULTS ANALYZED ANALYST
WT % of Carbon 86.82 09/09/99 HR
WT % of Hydrogen 13.18 09/09/99 HR
WT % of Nitrogen <0.3 09/09/99 HR
METHOD: ASTM D-5291
NOTES:
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 3 0.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
Fred DeAngelo, Laboratory Manager
-------
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TSXAS 77054
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-01 PHONE (713) 66°-°901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B. 01sen, Ph.D
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE; Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel COKEN-1002
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT NO: XPO 423297
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 08/27/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
API Gravity © SO
ASTM D-86 DISTILLATION
rTT?MD"F'D 2k TTTD1?
X LKA X U KL
°F 35.16
UNITS
09/15/99 TB
Specific Gravity @ 60
0 . 8490
09/15/99
TB
TEMPERATURE
UNITS
98
Initial Boiling Point
360
°F
5 %
Recovered
@
394
°F
10%
Recovered
@
412
op
20%
Recovered
®
436
0 p
30%
Recovered
®
458
°F
40%
Recovered
®
479
°F
50%
Recovered
®
502
°F
60%
Recovered
@
524
op
70%
Recovered
@
551
op
80%
Recovered
©
582
op
90%
Recovered
@
621
°F
95%
Recovered
@
653
°F
98%
Recovered
@
op
%
End Point
@ Max. Temp.
6S5
«F
Recovery
Residue
Loss
98.0 %
1.0 %
1.0 %
ANALYZED BY: TB DATE/TIME: 09/15/99
METHOD: ASTM D86, Color Distillation
NOTES: ND - Not Detected
NA - Not Analyzed
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 30.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
Fred DeAngelo, Laboratory Manager
-------
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-01
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054
PHONE (713) 650-0901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B, 01sen, Ph.D
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT; ASTM Analysis
SITE: Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel COKEN-1002
PROJECT NO: XPO 423297
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 08/27/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
PARAMETER RESULTS ANALYZED ANALYST
Vol % Aromatics 35,2 09/15/99 TB
Vol % Olefins 0.4 09/15/99 TB
Vol % Saturates 64.4 09/15/99 TB
METHOD: ASTM D-1319
NOTES:
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 30.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
Fred DeAngelo, Laboratory Manager
-------
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206
HOUSTON LABORATORY
88BC INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054
Q2 PHONE (713) S60-0901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN; Daniel B. Olsen, Ph.D
DATE:
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE: Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID; Diesel Fuel COKEN-10 0 2
PROJECT NO: XPO 423 297
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 09/01/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
ANALYTICAL DATA
PARAMETER
Heat of Combustion in Gross BTU/lb
RESULTS
19532
DETECTION
LIMIT
UNITS
Method ASTM D-240
Analyzed by: HR
Date: 09/14/99
Cetane Index 4 6.5
Method ASTM D-976
Analyzed by: TB
Date: 09/15/99
Flash Point (PM) 116 9F
Method ASTM D-93
Analyzed by: TB
Date: 09/14/99
Sulfur Content by X-ray 0.027 .003 %w/w
Method ASTM D-4294
Analyzed by: CS
Date: 09/14/99
Notes:
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 30.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
-------
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-02 PH0NE (7l3)68°-090i
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B. Olsen, Ph.D
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE: Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel COKEN-1002
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT NO: XPO 4232 97
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 09/01/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
PARAMETER
WT % of Carbon
WT % of Hydrogen
WT % of Nitrogen
RESULTS
86 .79
13 .21
<0.3
ANAL Y ZED
09/09/99
09/09/99
09/09/99
ANALYST
HR
HR
HR
METHOD: ASTM D-5291
NOTES:
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR r DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 3 0.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
Fred DeAngelo, Laboratory Manager
-------
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-02
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77354
PHONE (713) 880-0901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B. 01sen, Ph.D
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE: Port Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSU
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel CGKEN-1002
PROJECT NO: XPO 423297
MATRIX; LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 09/01/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
ASTM D-86 DISTILLATION
TEMPERATURE UNITS
API Gravity @ 60 °F 35.38 09/15/99 TB
Specific Gravity @60 °F 0.8479 09/15/99 TB
TEMPERATURE UNITS
Initial Boiling Point 357 DF
5 %
Recovered
@
386
op
10%
Recovered
®
413
op
20%
Recovered
@
437
op
30%
Recovered
@
457
°F
40%
Recovered
®
478
°F
50%
Recovered
500
op
60%
Recovered
®
524
•F
70%
Recovered
@
551
op
80%
Recovered
@
582
° F
90%
Recovered
®
621
op
95%
Recovered
@
653
°F
98%
Recovered
®
°F
%
End Point
© Max. Temp.
664
op
Recovery 98.0 %
Residue 1.0 %
Loss 1.0 %
ANALYZED BY: TB DATE/TIME: 09/15/99
METHOD: ASTM D86, Color Distillation
NOTES: ND - Not Detected
NA - Not Analyzed
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 30.11
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
Fred DeAngelo, Labo«£tory Manager
-------
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-9909206-02
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054
PHONE (713) 860-0901
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B. Olsen, Ph.D
P.O.#
423297
09/16/99
PROJECT: ASTM Analysis
SITE: Fort Collins, Co
SAMPLED BY: CSV
SAMPLE ID: Diesel Fuel COKEN-1002
PROJECT NO: XPO 423297
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED: 09/01/99
DATE RECEIVED: 09/08/99
PARAMETER
Vol % Aromatics
Vol % Olefins
Vol % Saturates
METHOD: ASTM D-1319
NOTES:
COMMENTS: VISUAL COLOR : DYED RED
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 30.11
RESULTS ANALYZED ANALYST
34.3 09/15/99 TB
0.4 09/15/99 TB
65.3 09/15/99 TB
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
Fred DeAngelo, Laboratory Manager
-------
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8880 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054
PHONE (713) 660-0901
Certificate of Analysis No. H9-0001113-01
Colorado State University
Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
ATTN: Daniel B. 01sen, Ph.D
DATE;
P.O.#
445536
01/17/00
PROJECT: PIANO Analysis
SITE: C.S.U. Engine & Energy Lab
SAMPLED BY: Tim Bauer
SAMPLE ID: Colorado State University
PROJECT NO:
MATRIX: LIQUID
DATE SAMPLED? 01/03/00
DATE RECEIVED: 01/06/00
ANALYTICAL DATA
PARAMETER RESULTS DETECTION UNITS
LIMIT
Flash Point (PM) 116 ®f
Method ASTM D-93
Analyzed by: TB
Date: 01/10/00
Prep for Capillary GC Analysis ENCLOSURE %w/w
Analyzed by: JL
Date: 01/12/00
Piano Analysis ENCLOSURE
GC Method
Analyzed by: JL
Date: 01/12/00
ENCLOSURE - Defined in COMMENTS below
Notes:
QUALITY ASSURANCE: These analyses are performed in accordance
with ASTM, UOP, or GPA guidelines for quality assurance.
-------
Sample ID:
ertificate of Analysis No. 0001113
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374
HOUSTON LABORATORY
8680 INTERCHANGE DRIVE
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054
PHONE (713) 660-0901
Date:
Time:
Attn: Daniel B. Olsen, Ph.D.
Colon Red
Odor: Diesel
Spec. Grav, @
60 F: 0.8479
API @ 60F: 35.37
Carbon Range
0
*
1
o
%
Major Range Cn
- Cje
Paraffin
73.202
N-Hexane
<0.001
Isoparaffins
6.971
Benzene
<0.001
Naphthenics
2.424
Ethyl Benzene
0.015
Aromatics
13.238
Toluene
<0.001
Olefins
0.037
Meta Xylene
0.029
Unknowns
4.103
Para-Xylene
-
2,2,4-Tri
Ortho Xylene
0.015
Methylpentane
0.036
Xylenes
0.044
Research Octane 39.62
EDB
N/A
Lead/Manganese N/A
EDC
N/A
MTBE
N/A
Ethanol
N/A
C17
2.532
C18
1.638
Pristane
1.053
Phytane
0.870
Naphthalene
2-Methyl
1-Methyl
Naphthalene
0.322
Naphthalene
1.072
Gasoline Range: C4-C13 Indicators: 2,2,4-TMP; MTBE; Olefins, Lead
X Diesel Range: C7-C20 Indicators: No Olefins, Pristane, Phytane
Condensate Range: C2-C25+ Indicators: No Olefins, Light & Heavies
Heavy Oil: C20+
Comments: Low flash point 116F (ASTM D-93). Butanes Q.054wt%, pentanes
0.210wt%, and hexanes '0.340wt%. A total of 0.604wt%. Low
naphlhenic and low aromatic mostly a diesel range hydrocarbon.
-------
01/18/2000 20:48 7136606035 SPL PAGE 02
± i .^3* _ isi .-o • v-tfsfitflfcCLVis
SOUTHERN PETROLEUM LABORATORIES, INC.'
Samples 0001113-01A CSU
Files CAPFt
Calibration Files CSU_LIQ
Analyzed oris 01-07-1900
Normalized to 100.007.
Processed 164 Peaks
Compos ± -trg Ffrgpor-t;
Hydrocarbon Totals by Giroup Tvpp
* Tvoe
tot %
Vol */.
Mel %
Total Paraffins?
73.202
74.687
66 ¦ 127
Total Iso-paraffins:
6.971
7.413
6 ¦ 902
Total Naphtheness
2.424
2.429
3.761
Total Arortiaticss
13.238
11.451
15.835
Total Olefins:
0.037
0.039
0.063
Total C26
0.025
0.025
0.013
Total Unknownsj
4.103
3, 3S5
4,299
Total:
100.000
100.000
100.000
Totals by Carbon Mumber
Grouo
Ut %
Vol 1
noi %
Aw#, ttu.
Ave. So
Methane
0.000
. o.ooo
0.000
0,000
0.000
Ethane
0.000
0-000
0.000
o.ooo
o.ooo
Frap»n»
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Butanes:
0.0S3
0.073
0.174
58.124
0.570
Pentanas:
0.210
0.265
0.552
72.151
0.621
Hexahtfci
0.328
0.373
0.728
85.536
0.688
Heptanes:
0.384
0.408
0.733
99.627
0.739
Octarvoss
0.683
0.704
1.154
112.344
0.760
Nonanes:
1.412
1.442
2.122
126.353
0.768
Decanes:
5.710
5.494
7.892
137.390
0.B15
~C11'«:
9,302
9.036
11.913
151.464
0.822
C12rSl
11.236
10.762
12.851
166.029
0.813
C13»s:
10.661
11.055
10.975
184.470
0.756
C14'si
13.16?
13.521
12.604
198.390
0.763
* CIS'51
12.781
13.029
11.426
212.420
0.769
Clfc's:
8,564
8.703
7.190
226.448
0,773
~a?'m;
7.425
7.492
5* 864
240.475
0.777
C18'?.:
4.585
4.620
3.421
254.500
0.778
C19's:
3.213
3.197
• 2.27S
2£>8.529
0.7,99
C2Q*si
2.771
2.716
1.363
282.556
0.800
C21'5!
JL2SS
1.262
0,326
29S.000
o.eoo
C22'si
1.004
0.984
0.615
310.000
0.800
C23'sj
O.SSS
0.544
0.325
324,000
0,800
C24'ss
0.216
0.211
0.121
338.000
0. BOO
C25's;
0.099
0.097
0.054
352.000
o.soo
"C2£,ss
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
C26
0.025
¦3.025
0.013
Unknowns:
4,103
3.S55
4.295
Totals
100.000
100.000
100.000
192,462
0.732
-------
01/18/2600 20:48 . . 7136606835^ SFL PAGE fi
SbtlTHERM 'iPETROi-OJW/'tSfeoWAXCIRiES,'-'. INC.
Sample; OO01113-0tA CSU
Files CAPF1 "
Calibration Filei C5U LIQ
Analyzed oni O1-G7-1SO0
Nerrmal iled to 100,00%
Processed 164 Peaks
Types toy Carbon Number
Paraffins!
Iso-paraffins:
Aromaticsi
CI
0.Q00
0.000
0.000
C2
0.000
0.000
0.000
C3
0.000
0.000
0.000
C4
0.033
0.044
0. 107
C5
0.048
o.o&o
0.126
C6
0.000
0.000
0.000
C7
0.000
0.000
0.000
C8
0,041
0.046,
0.069
C9
0.105
0.114
0.155
CIO
1.195
1.2B3
1.594
Cll
3.301
3.478
4.010
C12
3.608
3.756
4.023
C13
9.178
9.517
9.448
C14
13.167
13.529
12.604
C15
12.781
13.02?
11.426
C16
8.554
8,705
7.198
C17
7.425
7.492
5,864
C1B
4.565
4.620
3.421
Cll
3.210
3.197
2.276
C20
2.771
2.716
1.863
C21
1.288
1.262
0.826
C22
1.004
Q.9B4
0.615
C23
0.555
0.544
0.325
C24
0.216
0.211
0.121
C25
0.099
0.097
0-054
D26
0.000
0.000
0.000
C4
0.021
0.029
0.06B
C5
0.162
0,205
0.426
• C6
0.225
0.268
0.496
C7
0.120
0.136
0.227
C8
0.16Q
0.178
0.266
C9
0.228
0.247
0.337
CIO
1-472
1.570
1.964
Cll .
1.316
1.385
1.600
Cl2
1.785
1.859
1.991
CIS
1,483
1.537
1.526
C14
0.000
O.OOO
0.000
C15
0.000
0.000
O.OOO
G16
0.000
0.000
0.000
C17
O.OOO
0.000
0.000
CIS
0.000
0.000
0.000
C19
0.00Q
0.000
0.000
C20
0.000
0.000
0.000
C21
0.000
0.000
0.000
C22
0.000
0.000
0.000
023
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
C24
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
C25
0.000
0.000
0.000
G26
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
06
O.OOO
0,000
0.000
07
0.000
0.000
0.000
cs
0.045
0.040
0.080
C9
0-079
e.072
0.125
CIO
2.759
2.363
3.949
Cll
4.512
3,828
5.844
C12
5.843
S* 147
6.938
C13
O.OQO
0.000
0.000
C14
0.000
0. 500
0.000
C15
0.000
0.000
0.000
Clfc
0.000
0.000
0.000
C17
0.000
O.OOO
3,000
CIS
O.OOO
0,30$
0.000
r-1
-------
01/18/2000 20:40 7136606035
Naphthenes:
Olefin*;
SPL
C21
^.000 ?'•
•0.000
ogq
C22
0.000
0.000
0.000
C23
0.000
0,000
0.000
C24
0.050
0.000
0.000
C25
O.ODO
0.000
0.000
C2£
0,000
0.000
0.000
C5
* o.ooo""
0.000
0.000
CS
0.103
0.105
0.232
C7
0.240
0.246
0.465
CB
0. 424
0.426
0.717
C3
i.ooo
1.008
1.504
CIO
0.284
0.27S
0.385
Cii
0.373
0.365
0.459
CI 2
0.000
0.000
0.000
C13
0.000
0.000
0.000
C14
0.000
O.OOO
0.000
CIS
0.000
0.000
0.000
C16
0.000
0.000
0.000
C17
0,000
0.000
0.000
CIS
0*000
0.000
0.000
C19
C.000
0.000
0.000
C20
0,000
0.000
0.000
C21
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
C22
0.000
o.ooo
0.000
C23
0.000
o.ooo
o.ooo
C 24
0.000
0.000
0.000
C25
0.000
0.000
- 0.000
C26
0.000
o.ooo
0.000
C4
0.000
0.000
o.ooo
C5
0. ooo
0.000
0.000
C6
0.000
0.000
0.000
C?
0.024
0.026
0.040
C8
0.013
0.013
0.022
C9
o.ooo
0.000
0.000
PAGE 04
-* ' "ft*.,- \ .
-------
... -g?L,. _ __. ..PAGE 05
•• ' BOUTHEiRi*) PETROLEUPI 'LABORATORIESr'^lNCtf i^FT' *^3? «r420.00
FBP
<99.5%>
>420.00
y^^c.Ba.t*~c H Octa.ne' h4utmb ««¦ 89« 62
'(Calculated from Individual Component Values^
Contribution to Total by:
Paraffins! 65.82
lso-paraffinst 6.11
Aromatics: 11.94
Naphthanes? 2,13
Qlefinsi 0.02
\£L2L
Hydrogen
Not
-------
01/18/2000 20:48 7136606035 SPL . 05
SOUTHERN ':^EXROt.lEtm'>'-|J(|i3BibRATORIE8*i'>-
Samples 0001113—01A CSU Analyzed on; 01'-O7—1900
Files CAPF1 - - " — Normalized ta 100.00*/. *¦
Calibration Files CSUJLIB Processed 1S4 Peaks
C Out p on en-fa's Listed i.ri Chromatoaraphic Qrdnr
pk»
Win,
Index
Cone onent
Area
Wt%
voir.
NolZ
Shift
1
8.98
369.8
1-But arte
1124
0.021
0.029
0.068
1.63
2
9,38
400.0
^-Butane
1767
0.033
0.044
0.107
0.00
3
10,77
472.2
i~P#ntane
8717
0.162
0.20S
0.426
0.04
4
11.62
500.0
e-Penfeme
2545
0.049
0.060
0.126
0.00
5
12.97
534.5
' 2,2-5i®#thyIbmtane
1174
0.021
0.025
0.047
" 0.01
6
14.60
565.4
2,3-Difiethylbufcane
2398
0.042
0.049
0.092
0.04
7
14.37
569.7
2-rtithy1p en tan e
4991
0.090
0.108
0.191
0.04
8
13.83
584.1
3-flethylpentane
•3951
0.072
0.085
0.160
0.24
9
IS. 52
629.9
flethy 1 eye 1 op tntan e
2141
0.039
0.041
0,039
0.02
10
19.88
633.5
2,4-Di«ethylp#ntane
761
0.013
0.016
0,025
0.04
"ll
22.35
662.0
Cyclahexarte
3648
0.063
0.064
0.143
0.23
12
24.23
672.3
2,3-Di»ethylpentane
3614
0.063
0.071
0.119
0.15
13
23.20
679.4
S-ttrfchylhaxane
2425
0.044
0.050
0.083
0.03
14
25.95
6B4.7
lc, 3-B i itethy Icyc lopefttane
568
0.010
0.010
0.019
0.53
15
26.62
681.3
It,2~Bimethylcyc2epentane
731
0.013
0.012
0.024
o.as
- 14
26.77
690.3
2»2,4-Trl»ethylpei?t«n#
1991
0.036
0.040
0.059
0.35
17
31.05
721.0
llethylcyclohexane
11736
0.203
0.207
0,391
0(55
18
33.00
734.5
Ethyicyclopsntans
871
0.01S
0.015
0.029
0.11
19
35.20
748.5
039 •
552
0.010
0.011
0.019
0.11
lo
37.45
761.7
2,3-Din#thylhexane
1673
0.031
0.034
0.052
0.16
21
38. £3
768.2
3» 4-Biatthylhexaria
1872
0.034
0.037
0.056
0.52
22
38.97
770.0
4-Methyl heptane
3324
0.060
0.066
0.099
0,58
23
40.02
775.5
1c,2t,4-TrimethyIcyclopentane
8751
0.157
0.160
0.266
0.50
24
40.35
777.2
lt,4-Di«#thylcyclohexane
2520
0.045
0.046
0.076
0.18
25
43.65
793.3
1, l-fl«thylf thylcyclopentana
2383
0.043
0.043
0.072
0.29
26
4S.12
800.0
n-Octane
2353
0.041
0,046
0.069
0.00
27
50.28
827.3
2,2-Bi«#thylh«ptana
903
0.016
0.01S
0.024
0.01
28
31.62
833.8
tc,2-DimethyIcyclohenane
6336
0.114
0.112
0.192
0.01
29
51.95
835.4
N3
3634
0.065
0.065
0.110
0.01
30
52.87
039.7
2,4-tiimefchylheptane
5111
0.092
0.100
0.136
0.01
'-31
56.42
855.7
Ethylbensens
900
0.015
0.014
0.027
0.14
32
56.33
857.5
1,l#4-Tri»ethylcycloh#xane
1666
0.030
0.030
0.045
0.25
. 33
58.75
865.5
•t-Xylene//'- Xtj t
1727
0.029
0.027
0.053
0,01
34
60.68
873.3
2,5~Bi aethylhew»di#na-2 f4
727
0.013
0,013
0.022
0.44
33
6l.es
877.9
? "
1698
0.030
0.031
0.052
UNK
36
62.23
879.4
3-ttflthyloctane *
2682
0.048
0.052
0.071
0.38
37
63.07
882.6
3,3-Disthylpentarie/^ ^tp-*
844
0.015
0.016
0.022
0.31
38
64. S5
888.2
M12
8001
0,143
0.144
0.216
0.12
39
65.03
890.0
18
2355
0.042
0.045
0.063
0.14
40
67.32
398.2
G-4toners#-3
706
0.014
0.015
0.021
0.02
-------
01/18/2800 20:48 7136806035 SPL . . , PAGE B? ,
File: CAPF1 COOOH13-OIA C8U) '• ¦ ' -'Cp* 1 * 2 '
pk*
Kin.
Coftoonent
Area
wtx
Vol*
Mq1%
Shift
41
67.62
893.2
If • * ' — -
— 795
0.014
0.015
o.o2r
- 0.06
42
67.83
900.0
n-Nonane
5988
0.105
0.114
0.155
0.00
43
60.08
901.8
1,l-ftethylsthylcyclohexane
9692
0.174
0.185
0.261
0.04
44
69.95
915.4
N19 *
3701
0.066
0.066
0.100
0.00
45
70.35
918.3
N20
1367
0.025
0.024
0.037
0.05 •
46
71.10
923.5
211
2007
0.036
0.039
0.048
0.25
47
71.62
928.5
N22
1597
0.029
0,028
0.043
0.45
48
72.25
931.5
n-Propylcycloh«.xan5
11996
0.215
0.212
0.324
0.05 .
49
73.08
937.3
112 .
4767
o.oes
0.092
0.114
0.66
. SO
73.62
940.9
n-Butylcyclopentane
%
17756
0.318
0.318
0.479
0.02
si
74.10
944.1
.113
739
0.013
0.014
0.018
0.17
52
74.32
945.6 '
114
1407
0.025
0.027
0.034
0.28
53
74.75
948.3
n-Propylbensen*
5018
0.079
0.072
0.125
0.56
54
75.20
951.4
3-n#thyl-5-athyIheptan*
1881
0.034
0.036
0.045
0.46
55
75.75
955,0
N25
2006
0.036
0,035
0,049
0.45
56
76.37
959.1
2,3-D i «ethy1oc tan e
0298
0.149
0.158
0.199
0.43
57
76.83
962.1
115
1933
0.035
0.037
0,046
0,18
58
77.00
963.2
N27
2974
0,053
0.052
0.072-
0.35
59
77.23
964.7
116
1224
0.022
0.023
0.029
0.25
£0
77.47
966.1
117
1864
0.033
0.035
0.045
0.06
61
77.72
967.7
S-rtKthylnonariB
1934
0.035
0.037
0.046
0.07
62
77.90
968.9
4-Methylnonane
14011
0.251
0.269
0.335
0.11
63
78.28
971.3
2-fkthylnonane
8392
0.150
0.162
0.201
0.18
64
73.58
973.2
3-Ethyloctane
4477
0.080
0.085
0.107
0.00
65
78.98
975.7
N2B
1110
0.020
0.020 ,
0.027
0.29
66
79.23
977.3
3-rt#thylnon»n«
4357
0.078
0.084
0.104
0.36
67
00.10
982.6
119
2025
0.036
0.038
0-04B
0.32
68
80.53
983.3
120
6496
0.116
0.123
0.155
0.02
69
80.83
987.1
121
11589
0.208
0.220
0.277
0,11
70
81.10
988.7
123
2447
0.044
0.046
0.059
0.68
71
81.35
990.2
N30
3894
0.070
0.068
0.095
0.04
72
81.70
992.3
*5
3035
0.054
0.053
0.074
UNK
73
82.13
994.9
124
2242
0.040
0.043
0.054
0.14
74
82 ¦ 32
996.0
lt-Rethyl-2-ij-propylcyclohexane
5874
0,105
0.103
0.143
0,16
73
52.98
1000.0
fi-Cecane
6B411
1.195
1.283
1.594
0.00
76
84.18
1011.2
l-Wethyl-3-l-pvopylbensene
23SO
0.037
0.034
0.052
0.15
77
84.78
1016.7
l-rtethyl-4-i-propylbenzene
11518
0.186
0.170
0.263
0.03
78
85.16
1020.3
7
769
0.014
0,013
0.020
UNK
' 73
85,35
1021.8
129
2356
0,042
0.045
0.051
0.23
80
05.82
1026.1
130
5987
0.107
0.114
0.130
0.44
81
86.02
1027.9
l-Ǥt:hyl-2-i-propylkenzerte
27734
0.435
0.389
0.616
0.44
B2
8&.7S
1034.4
7
18366
0.329
0.294
0.466
UNK
83
87.30
1039.3
131
770Q
0.138
0.146
0.168
0.57
04
87.43
1040.5
132
6502
0.117
0.114
0.143
0,01
85
87.93
1044.9
l-flethyl-3-n-propyl benzene
i 5 403
0.241
0.219
0.341
0.32
86
88.35
1048.6
n-Butylbenzene
10086
0.159
0.145
0.223
0.63
87
88.58
1050.6
?
1429
0,026
0,023
0.036
UNK
88
88.75
1052.1
lf3-DiBsthyl-5-ethylben2er)»
3489
0.056
0.030
0.080
0.26
89
89.08
1055.0
1,2-Diethylben2cr»e
5940
0.085
0.076
0.121
0,76
90
89.25
1056.4
134
15774
0.283
0.300
0.344
0,00
-------
W.1^!000 ..-2?^8 .7136606035 ^ „ f . . ,._SPL .... PAGE 08
FiliBS CAPFi C0001113-01A C8U3 .?•; •.
pktt
Win.
Index
Component
Area
Vo 1%
flolX
Shift
91
89.43
1058.0
N34 -' - -
-¦20780
0.373
0.365
0.459.
&0.02
92
89.80
1061.9
l-R8thyl-2-n-prapylbenzene
3034
0.048
0.043
0.067
0.04
93
W. 05
1063.3
135
12343
0.221
0.234
0.269
0,59
14
90,42
1066.4
137
2895
0.052
0.055
0.063
0.12
95
90,70
1069.5
1F 3,Di«ethy1-4-ethylbenzone
14850
0.232
0,207
0.328
0.64
96
91.05
1071.8
139
2778 •
0.050
0.053
0.061
0.10
97
91.27
1073.6
1
1993
0.036
0.038
0.043
UNK
98
91,50
1075.6
140
15725
0.282
0.299
0.343
0.60 .
99
91.90
1078.9
?
6595
0.118
0.125
0.144
UNK
100
92.05
1080.2
ilI2-Dl.ethyH-eth>.ll,en2.n.
B663
0.137
0.120
0,193
0.09
101
92. S3
1084.2
.142
1311
0.024
0.025
0.029
0.74
102
92.73
1085.9
'?
2377
0.046
0.049
0.056
' UNK
103
93.00
1088.1
l-flethyl-4-k-bufcylbeRzene
15349
0.248
0.228
0.317
0,41
104
93.37
1091¦1
?
7931
0.142
0.131
0,182
UNK
105
93.55
1092.6
?
5894
0.106
0.097
0.133
UNK
ICS
93.72
1094.0
?
4570
0.082
0.076
0.105
UNK
10?
93.88
1095.4
l,2-Dinethyl-3-ethylbBfi2ene
3091
0.050
p. 044
0.071
0.53
108
94.13
1097.4
l-Ethyl-2~i-propylberi2ene
20481
0.330
0.291
0.423
0.28
109
94.43
1100.0
n-Umlacane
190400
3.301
3.478
4.010
0.00 "
110
94.87
1104.6
I,2f4,5-Tetra(iathylben28n8
2872
0.044
0.039
0.Q&3
0.39
111
95.03
1106.4
?
3450
0.062
0,055
0.088
UNK
112
95.52
1111.0
2581
0.046
0.041
0.065
UNK
113
95.67
1113.4
l-t-Butyl-2-i#ethylb8r«en*
20011
0.314
0.276
0.402
0.20
114
96.02
1117.2
?
3915
0,070
0.062
0.090
UNK
115
96.23
lilt.6
0
4742
0.085
O.075
0.109
UNK
116
96.35
1120.8
? '
4990
0.089
0.079
0.115
UNK
117
%• 45
1121.9
A3
8679
0.140
0.123
0.179
0.53
lie
96.50
1123.4
?
3631
0*066
0.058
0,085
UNK
119
97.02
1123.1
?
4633
0.083
0.073
0.106
UNK
120
97.37
1131.8
143
38191
0.658
0-685
0.734
0. 62
121
97.58
1134.1
A3
13121
0.207
0,102
0.265
0.76
122
97.73
1135.8
?
8996
0.161
0.142
0.2O7
UNK
123
98,00
1138.6
i-Etftyi-2-n~propylber»2ene
4843B
0,764
0.673
0.979
0.39
124
98.37
1142.5
?
13679
0.245
0.216
0.314
UW
125
98.65
1145.5
l-rtefehyl-S-ti-butylbtnjtne
26917
0.425
0.374
0.544
0.00
126
98.88
1148.0
1,3-Di-i-propylbenzene
32659
0,515
0.454
0.603
0.36
127
99.50
1154.4
ri-Pentylbenzene
43795
0.691
0.609
0,385
0.55
128
99.93
1159.0
1,2-Bi-i-propylbenzene
63654
l.OOfl
0.885
1.175
0.08
' 129
100.42
1164.0
1,4-Bi-i-propylbenzene
40626
0.641
0.565
O.750
0.71
130
100.80
1168.0
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
35318
0.557
0.451
0.800
0.38
1 »^1
101.0?
1170.7
l-t-Butyl-3,5-diasthylbenzene
14049
0.220
0,193
0.257
0.03
132
101.43
1174.5
Naphthaline
3049B
0,492
0.37b
0.729
0.00
133
101.88
1179.1
146
4556
0.078
0.082
0.088
0.01
134
102.27
1133.0
147
20959
0.361
0.376
0.403
0.02
135
102,62
1186.6
149
39899
0.637
0.716
0.767
0,27
136
102.32
1188.6
-------
01/18/2000
20:48 7136606035
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PAGE 09
okB Win. Index Coioongnt
Area
utx
Vol*
HolX
Shift
68946
1.095
0.965
?.J2E£
tO. 01
8949
0.144
0.127
0.169
0.04
44148
0.713
0.62S
0.833
0.33
7591
0.122
0.108
0.143
0.30
14045
0,226
0.199
0.264
0.53
82689
1.493
1.537
1.526
0.50
17945
0.322
0.247
0.427
. 0.55
59775
1.072
0.824
1,422
0.02
Si1904
9.178
9.517
9.446
0.00
734392
13.167
13.529
12,604
0.00
712846
12.781
13.029
11.426
0. 00
478746
8.584
8.705
7.198
0.00
414143
7.425
7.492
5.864
0.00
58724
1.053
1.062
0.831
UNK
255741
4.585
4.620
3.421
0.00
48515
0.870
0.877
0.649
UNK
179468
3.218
3.197
2.276
0.00
154565
2.771
2.716
1.863
0.00
71821
1.288
1,262
0.826
0,00
56016
1.004
0.984
0.615
0.00
30969
0.555
0.544
0.325
0.00
12030
0.216
0.211
0.121
0.00
5546
0.099
0.097
0.054
0.00
1419
0.025
0.025
0.013
0.00
141 105,32
142 106.03
143 106,60
144 107.53
145 108.52
146 109.07
147 110.02
148 110.32
149 112.27
130 113.50
151 125,50
152 130.62
153 135.08
154 135.55
155 139.18
156 139.82
157 143.07
158 146.68
159 150.40
lfiO 154.48
161 159.22
162 164#85
163 171.72
164 180.15
1217.0 1,3,5-Trtethylbfcnzene
1225.8 lt~8utyl-4-«thylbeAzene
1232.8 1,2,4-Triethylbenzene
1244.1 l-fletKyl-4-n~pentylbenzem
1255.9 n-Hexylbenzene
1262.5 149
1273.8 2-flethylnaphthaIene
1277-3 1-P!«tbylnaphthal#fte
1300.0 n-TrideCane
1400.0 C14 T
1500,0 £15 *
1600.0 *016+ .
1700.0 C17 + C X. S * . ___>
1711.5 ? Pr***-* *
1800.0 C18 ¦/
-------
01/18/2060 20:48 _ 7138606035 _ ,,, ?>r.....
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-------
tt
MPPflftlirlS I 111* MA,lING ADDRESS - P.O. BOX 1282 • WICHrT*. KS 67201
I I UUUVllIt IllVa SHIPPING ADDRESS -701 S.WICHITA «WICHITA, KS 07213
PHONE (316) 265-2686 * (BOO) 961-6228 « FAX (310) 265-1082
September 17,1999
KENZ & LESLIE DIST. CO, Lob No,; 99-259
RON LESLIE (COLORADO)
P.O.Box 1066
Arvado, CO 80001
Dear Ron:
The following are the test results of the diesel sample from Colorado State University, Engines and
Energy Conservation. Sample was received on September 2, 1999. All tests requested were run in
dup,ica,e. Vi0/ff
test description and
METHOD
Run #1
Run #2
ASTM D240 Gross Heat of
Combustion by Bomb Method
(HHV), Btu/lb
19,677
19,682
ASTM D240 Net Heat of
Combustion by Bomb Method
(HHV), Btu/lb
18,469
18,473
ASTM D5291, Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Nitrogen by
instrumental method
Carbon Content, wt% = 86,60
Hydrogen Content wt% = 13.13
Nitroqen Content wt% « <0.1
Carbon Content, wt% = 86.57
Hydrogen Content wt% ¦ 13.20
Nitrogen Content wt% = <0.1
ASTM D4294 Sulfur in
Petroleum Products by Energy-
Disperse X-Ray, %
0.0192
0.0198
ASTM D86 Distillation of
Petroleum Products
See Attachment
See Attachment
ASTM D93 Flash Point, PMCC,
°C(*F)
61.3 (142.3)
60.8(144.4)
ASTM D130 Copper Strip
Corrosion
1b
1b
ASTM D445 Viscosity <§ 40°C,
cSt
2.57
2.56
ASTM D482 Ash % Mass.
0.002
0.000
ASTM D976 Cetane Index
46.1
46.0
ASTM D1319 Hydrocarbon
Types in Liquid Petroleum
Products by Fluorescent
Indicator Adsorption
Aromatic, % = 28.40
Olefin, % = 2.72
Saturates, % = 68.88
Aromatic, % = 28.77
Olefin, % * 3.59
Saturates, % « 67.64
ASTM D1796 Water and
Sediment, % Vol.
0.05
0.05
ASTM D2500, Cloud Point,
C(°F)
6
6
-------
BG PRODUCTS, INC.
701 South Wichita, Wichita, Kansas 67213
Phone; 316-265-1197 Fax:316-267-8221
Lab No.: 99-259
Data; 09/17/1999
DISTRIBUTOR: KENZ & LESLIE OIST. CO. SAMPLE: Diesel fuel
RON LESLIE
P.O. Sox 1066 customer; Colorado State University
Arvado, CO. 80001 Engine and Energy Conservation
RECEIVED: September 2,1999
DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
ASTM D86
TEST
Run #1
Run *2
IBP
352
356
05%
392
392
10%
408
410
20%
442
440
30%
462
458
40%
480
480
50%.
500
502
60%
526
522
70%
550
552
80%
582
580
90%,
619
618
95%.
649
648
EP
660
664
% RECOVERY
97.8
97.7
% RESIDUE
2.0
2.0
TOTAL RECOVERY
99.8
99.7
LOSS
0.2
o
COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS:
OtSCUUMKR
bbw»— mm m tarna m ao fimm
*m wpwrt. abwwwuian to aww hi nwmww
laboratory Maragtr
l wui—mrmiwdiym* knwmiiw«wh'
m, W ypy Nw itmtmi ht im, pmm m tnmmIwWfr »r W—'Niw
KwtiH. My imn ii.gapymg. mmtfifciiar
*tmi2S
-------
BG PRODUCTS, INC.
701 South Wichita, Wichita, Kansas 67213
Phone: 316-265-1197 Fax: 316-267-8221
Lab No.: 99-202
Data: 09/17/1999
DISTRIBUTOR: KENZ & LESLIE DIST. CO, SAMPLE; Diesel fuel
RON LESLIE
P.O. Box 1066 CUSTOMER: Colorado State University
Arvado, CO. 80001 Engine and Energy Conservation
LOCATION: EECL, CSU
RECEIVED: September 2, 1999
DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
ASTM D86
TEST
Run #1
Run *2
IBP............
343
339
05%
378
382
10%.
400
412
20%
432
436
30%.
454
461
40%.
472
480
50%
498
498
80%
520
524
70%.
545
548
80%
576
580
90%.
616
618
95%. ...........
648
642
EP
656
662
% RECOVERY
97.7
97.5
% RESIDUE
2.2
2.1
TOTAL RECOVERY
99.9
99.6
LOSS
0.1
0.4
COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS:
&MM. S**eief
D»CUU«IEA
nil nomj iwmit imm mm mmm
m i J ii iiwinHwn» nw m— m vtw*v\%
U Mb Mill IMMMlW JWMptMML fUtf tNVKMl
jM. * tm nmm rwaam* tm mhvwtm » m
Ubonuory Mwwgar
tfjee> atiMniltwrmtmbtukitYpivh&tti.
-------
fW § ] £ H H Ppflfllipts I nil MAILING ADDRESS - P.O. BOX 1282 « WICHITA, KS 67201
¦ ¦ liUUUIOt lllli. SHIPPING ADDRESS - 701 S. WICHITA • WiCNITA. KS 67213
PHONE (316) 265-2686 • (800) 961-6228 * FAX (316) 265-1082
September 17,1999
KENZ & LESLIE DIST. CO. Lab No.: 99-262
RON LESLIE (COLORADO)
P.O. Box 1066
Arvado, CO 80001
Dear Ron:
The following are the test results of the diesel sample from Colorado State University, Engines and
Energy Conservation. Sample was received on September 7, 1999. Label on the bottle states: Diesel
fuel, Location: EECL, CSU. Sample Drawn on September 1, 1999. All tests requested were run in
duplicate.
TEST DESCRIPTION AND
METHOD
Run #1
Run #2
ASTM D240 Gross Heat of
Combustion by Bomb Method
(HHV), Btu/ib
19,668
19,674
ASTM D240 Net Heat of
Combustion by Bomb Method
(HHV), Btu/lb
18,461
18,465
ASTM D5291, Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Nitrogen by
instrumental method
Carbon Content, wt% = 86.58
Hydrogen Content wt% » 13.19
Nitrogen Content wt% = <0.1
Carbon Content, wt% = 86.61
Hydrogen Content wt% = 13.15
Nitrogen Content wt% = <0.1
ASTM D4294 Sulfur in
Petroleum Products by Energy-
Disperse X-Rav, %
0.0197
0.0194
ASTM D86 Distillation of
Petroleum Products
See Attachment
See Attachment
ASTM D93 Flash Point, PMCC,
°C(°F)
53.5 (128.3)
52.4(126.3)
ASTM D130 Copper Strip
Corrosion
1b
1b
ASTM D445 Viscosity @ 40°C,
cSt
2.51
2.48
ASTM D482 Ash % Mass.
0.001
0.000
ASTM D976 Cetane index
46.5
46.0
ASTM D1319 Hydrocarbon
Types in Liquid Petroleum
Products by Fluorescent
Indicator Adsorption
Aromatic, % = 28.57
Olefin, % = 3.38
Saturates, % = 68.05 .
Aromatic, % = 28.57
Olefin, % = 3.21
Saturates, % * 68.22
ASTM D1796 Water and
Sediment, % Vol.
0.0
0.0
ASTM D2500, Cloud Point,
»CfF)
8
8
-------
BG PRODUCTS, INC.
701 South Wichita, Wichita, Kansas 67213
Phone: 316-265-1197 Fax: 316-267-8221
Lab No.: 99-262
Date: 09/17/1999
DISTRIBUTOR; KENZ & LESLIE DIST. CO, SAMPLE: Oiesei fuel
RON LESLIE
P.O. Box 1066 CUSTOMER: Coiorado State University
Arvado, CO. 80001 Engine and Energy Conservation
LOCATION: EECL, CSU
RECEIVED: September 2,1899
DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
ASTM D86
test
Run #1
Run #2
IBP
343
339
05%.
378
382
10%.
400
412
20%
432
436
30%.
454
461
40%.
472
480
50%
498
4S8
60%.
520
524
70%
545
548
80%.
576
580
90%.
616
618
95%............
648
642
EP
656
662
% RECOVERY
97,7
97.5
% RESIDUE
2.2
2.1
TOTAL RECOVERY
99.9
99.6
LOSS
0.1
0.4
COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS:
OMCkAIIMM Lsbofluwy Mawgw
*» HQrt. Any jmfltm it ynawftowmi. if ya rtte&Mt DO ItIwi'wBjjm to war, ttmm m Iwrw i» >l#j ay cWf
HHHEMSI
-------
Importance of Proper Distillation
Tail
End
Front End
400
300
Hot Driveability and
Vapor Locx
Dilution of Engina Oil
Carburetor
Evap. Losses
200
Spark Plug Fouling
Warm-up and Cool Weather
Driveability
100 »
Combustion Chamber Deposits
Short Trip Economy
Easy Cold Starting;
0
40
60
20
80
100
Evaporated, %
Gasoline significantly below the curve (increased volatility) would
provide easier starting, better warm-up and be less likely to contribute to
deposits but would have higher evaporative losses and be more likely to
contribute to vapor lock.
Gasoline significantly above the curve (decreased volatility) would have
fewer evaporative losses and be less likely to vapor lock. Also, short trip
economy would improve. However, ease of starting and warm-up would
suffer and deposits and dilution of engine oil could increase. Exhaust
emissions may also increase in some cases.
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX N
FUEL ANALYSIS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the US. EPA,
-------
Colorado Sta te university
Two independent laboratories, Southern Petroleum Labs in Houston, TX and BG
Products, Inc. in Wichita, KS analyzed the diesel fuel. Both laboratories performed
ASTM tests D240, D5291, D4294, D975, and D1319 for two different samples extracted
from the same fuel lot. The parameters provided by these tests include the fuel carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur content by weight, the lower heating value, cetane index,
flash point, and specific gravity. Southern Petroleum Labs also performed a GC PIANO
test on the diesel fuel, Method GPA 2186, which provided detailed speciation and
average molecular weight. Appendix N - Fuel Analysis provides a summary of the fuel
analysis results as well as the analysis reports provided by Southern Petroleum Labs and
BG Products, Inc.
The fuel analysis is an important input for data reduction, in particular for the evaluation
of brake specific emissions. Emissions analysis is based on the technique described in the
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 19 for dry
combustion product measurements. The fuel analysis parameters utilized in the data
analysis are provided in the table below:
Table Diesel fuel analysis parameters utilized in data reduction.
Lower Heating Value
9609 Btu/scf (19519 Btu/lb)
Upper Heating Value
10221 Btu/scf (20761 Btu/lb)
Specific Gravity (vapor form, relative to air)
6.644
Density
0.5082 Ib/scf,vapor (52.64 lb/cu ft, liq.)
Molecular Weight
192.5 g/mole
% Carbon (by mass)
84.320
% Hydrogen (by mass)
15.354
% Nitrogen (by mass)
0.026
% Sulfur (by mass)
0.300
EPA F-factor
9196 dscDMBtu
Our data analysis program is based on the use of gaseous fuel. Rather than change the
program, fuel properties are expressed relative to the vapor phase, using the ideal gas law
and the fuel molecular weight from the GC PIANO analysis.
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State university
Evaluation of diesel fuel flow was performed by measuring the change in weight of the
fuel tank over time. The weight of the fuel tank was measured using an Interface load
cell, Model 1210HQ-5K-B. The fuel tank was suspended from the load ceil, which was
suspended from an overhead beam. The response of the load cell was nonlinear,
necessitating a precise calibration of the load cell. A calibration report was generated and
is provided in Appendix-V. The differential weight fuel flow measurement technique is
typically used for measuring diesel fuel flow rates because a significant fraction of the
delivered fuel is recirculated back to the fuel tank. Thus, a direct fuel flow measurement
of the fuel delivered to the engine would not indicate the amount of fuel consumed by the
engine. The desired quantity is the net fuel flow rate, which is the fuel flow rate delivered
to the engine minus the recirculation flow rate. This is the quantity that is evaluated from
the differential weight measurement. The equation for the curve fit through the calibration
data shown in Appendix-V was incorporated into the data analysis. The corrected fuel
flow is reported in the summary data sheets.
Emissions Testing
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
Dat Red Input, GC
Combustion Stoichiometrv
Analysis Date:
1/17/00
A/Fstoic =
14.97702
Fuel
by mass,
mass
molar,
MW of Elements
by mass
normal izec
fraction, m
molar
normalized
C
12.011
% Carbon =
84.31985
84.31985
0.843198
7.020219
31.51436
H
1.0079
% Hydrogen =
15.35415
15.35415
0.153542
15.2338
68.38585
N
14.0067
% Nitrogen =
0.30000
0.3
0.003
0.021418
0.096149
O
15.9994
% Sulfur =
0.02600
0.026
0.00026
0.000811
0.003641
S
32.06
sum =
100.00000
100
1
22.27625
100
Note: S and N from ASTM D-4294 and ASTM D5291, respectively; C and H from GC Piano.
CHy ->
y =
2.169865
H/C ratio by mass =
0.182084
H/C ratio, molar =
2.169865
Average Composition Calculated from Piano GC Analysis
MW =
192.462
x =
13.55488
y =
29.41226
H/C =
2.169865
Air
Constit.
%
mol fract
MW
MW*mol fr
02 normal
A/Fs =
15.18993
Heywood
N2
77.16266
0.771627
28.0134
21.61588
3.773725
d
02
20.44734
0.204473
31.9988
6.542904
1
Urban and Sharp, 1994 (Sulfur is neglected)
H20
2.39
0.0239
18.0152
0.430563
0.116886
e
y = n
2.169865
sums—>
1
z =
0
MWave =
28.58935
f =
0.003051
A =
1.542466
hfg for water @ 70 F =
1054
Btu/lbm,water =
1450.959
Btu/lbm,fuel
A/Fs =
14.97702
I
mass water/mass fuel =
1.376621
Parameters Needed for Data Reduction
Lower Heating Value:
19519
Btu/lb =
9609.346
Btu/SCF =
45.4496
MJ/kg
Higher Heeting Value
20969.96
Btu/lb =
10323.66
Btu/SCF
48.82813
MJ/kg
Specific gravity =
0.849
rel.to H20:
6.643806
rel. to air
density =
52.638
lb/ftA3
0.508178
Ib/SCF
MW of HC in Fuel =
192.462
g/mole
Pet. Carbon in Fuel =
0.070202
H/C Ratio - Total Fuel
=
2.169865
mass fraction C02 =
0
Page 1
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX O
FUEL ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
ICE-Vol. 24, Natural Gas and Alternative Fuels for Engines
ASME 1994
COMPUTING AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM EXHAUST COMPOSITION
Charles M. Urban
Department of Emissions Research
Southwest Research Institute
San Antonio, Texas
Christopher A. Sharp
Department of Emissions Research
Southwest Research Institute
San Antonio, Texas
ABSTRACT
Alternative fuels, catalytic converters, and high scavenging ratios
necessitate refined approaches toward calculating air/fuel ratio from
measured exhaust composition. Computation methods were developed
for most of the situations encountered, including a method based on
oxidation potential for use in catalyst applications. The methods
developed, along with the technical basis and derivations, are
provided in this paper.
INTRODUCTION
This is the third in a series of technical papers involving emissions
related computations for alternative fuels. The two previous papers
by Urban et al (1992 and 1993) involved hydrogen and natural gas
engines. The subject of this paper is the computation of air/fuel ratio,
from exhaust composition, for combustion of any carbon-containing
fuel. Computations provided in this paper were developed as a result
of specific needs within the laboratory of the authors. It is hoped that
providing these computations will save others from having to go
through the mathematical derivation exercise, when the need arises in
their activities.
Over the past almost 100 years, there have been several periods of
development of air/fuel ratio calculations. The most recent extensive
development was in the 1960s, which is considered exemplified by
the "landmark" technical paper by gpindt (1965). With the wide-
spread use of alternative fuels and personal computers, further
development of AFR calculational methods has again become both
essential and practical. Any who are interested in the history of the
development of air/fuel ratio calculations are referred to a technical
paper of a few years ago by Uyehara(1991), which contains
numerous pertinent references.
DERIVATION APPROACH
After a brief review of previous efforts toward developing air/fuel
ratio (AFR) calculations for alternate fuels, the decision was made to
begin with the basic combustion equation and to include as many of
the potential fuel and exhaust constituents as practical in developing
standard AFR computations. Another approach involved
determination of an "oxidation potential" for use when the AFR is
very near stoichiometric. It was also decided that no laboratory effort
would be conducted in this endeavor, and that the literature would be
relied on to provide a suitable water-gas equilibrium constant
In this paper, multiplication will be designated by an asterisk (*)
and division will be designated by an oblique line (/). Rather than
have a list of definitions to which the reader must continually refer,
an attempt has been made to minimize the number of terms and
identifiers requiring definition, and to provide necessary definitions
at the point where needed.
-------
Water-Gas Equilibrium Constant
At the present time, water and hydrogen are not measured in the
exhaust. The hydrogen (H2) concentration is related to the
concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02), and
water (H20) as follows:
C02 + H2 CO + h2o
Extent of reaction is defined by the water-gas equilibrium constant (k)
defined as follows:
k = C0*H20 / C02-H,
An initial question is whether k is really a constant. The answer
appears to be that k is not an actual constant, and an absolute value
for k is not known and For practical purposes, however, the value of
k is adequately known and sufficiently constant to enable acceptable
computation of AFR.
Reported values for k have ranged from a low of 3 to a high of 4.
but the predominant accepted value appears to be 3.5.(4> First, let us
look at the effect of variation in the value of k on computed AFR.
The error in calculated AFR with variation in k is approximately as
follows:
% Error in AFR •» 0.0025-[(% Variation in k)-(Exh %CO)«HCRl
Where: HCR = Fuel Hydrogen to Carbon Ratio
(Atoms of H per mom of C}
Even taking a worst case of ten percent variation in k. ten percent
CO in the exhaust, and a fuel HCR of 4, the error in computed AFR
would only be a relatively insignificant one percent. Therefore, the
predominantly-used value for k of 3.5 will be used in developing the
computations in this paper.
It should be pointed out that the value of k could change when a
catalyst is being used, because the activity of the catalyst on CO and
H; can differ, and the resulting concentrations may not equilibrate.
Error in calculated AFR would generally be insignificant, however,
because with a catalyst in the exhaust stream, concentrations of CO
and H2 will generally be low.
Combustion Equation
Based on review of numerous equations over the years, the
usefulness of meaningful variable names has been well established.
In this paper, fuel components will be expressed as atoms and exhaust
constituents will be expressed as molecules. The generally used x, y,
and z for the fuel components of carbon (Q. hydrogen (H), and
oxygen (O) will be retained, and an "f" will be used for all other
components of the fuel. Variable names for exhaust constituents,
other than oxygen (02), will be the first letter of the last word in their
names {e.g., d for C02, n for oxides of nitrogen (NOx), w for water
(HjO). etc.). A "t", rather than an "o". is used for exhaust 02, to
eliminate possible confusion between the letter "o" and zero, and an
"A" is used for air (rather than an "a").
Therefore, to follow the equations in this paper, it will only be
necessary to memorize the variables designated by "f" and "t" and to
remember the process used in naming the other variables. Also, in an
attempt to make the equations less confusing, from this point forward,
subscripts will not be used {e.g., co2 = C02, H;0 = H20. etc).
The combustion equation is as follows:
FUEL + AIR -> EXHAUST (I)
FUEL = xC + yH + zO + fN
AIR = A02 + [3.7742-AJN2
EXHAUST = cHC + mCO + hH2 + dC02 + nNOX
+ wH20 + t02 + [3.7742-A -0.5n]N2 + fN
The fuel components are to include all of each component,
regardless of the source (e.g.. the C and the O for gaseous fuels
include that from the C02). and the N is to include all components
that are not C. H. or O. Initially, let x equal 1; then y becomes the
hydrogen- to-carbon ratio (HCR), and Z becomes the oxygen-to-
carbon ratio of the fuel (on a per atom basis). Note that the N2 in the
"AIR" includes all of the constituents of air, other than oxygen, as
given on Page F-155 of the CRC Handbook (198S). Also, the oxides
of nitrogen (NOX) are considered to be nitric oxide (NO), because the
ratio of NO to N02 is generally unknown, and the majority of the
NOX is generally NO in raw exhaust.
COMPUTING STOICHIOMETRIC AFR
For stoichiometric combustion (c, m, h, and t = 0, w = 0.5 y, and
n set = 0), the AFR can be determined as follows:
SAFR = [A»(MWoi + 3.7742-MW«)]
/ [AWc + y«AW« + z«AWq + f»AWw]
Where: A = I + Q.25y - 0.5z
Note: MW is molecular weight and AW is atomic weight
Using the preceding value for A and inserting the molecular and
atomic weights, the SAFR is as follows:
SAFR » (1 * 0-25y - 0-SzH31.999 + 3.7742>28,159)
12.011 * 1.008y - 15.999z * 14.007f
Notes: • The MW of 28.159 given for N2 is the average MW for
ail of the components in air, other than oxygen.
* If some additional fuel constituent other than the N is
present in significant quantity, use a corrected AW
in place of the 14,007 .
SAFR - 138.28*(1.0 * 0.25y - 0-5z) (2)
12.011 ~ 1.008y ~ 15.999z + 14.007f
2
-------
COMPUTING COMBUSTION AFR
This section of the paper describes the approach taken and provides
the basic criteria applied toward computation of the combustion
air/fuel ratio (AFR). The derivations of the equations for computing
the AFR are given in the attachment to this paper. In essence, the
computation requires deriving the value of variable "A" from the
exhaust constituents. This would involve a rather simple exercise if
the concentrations of all exhaust constituents were known. Such is
not the case, however, because the amounts of hydrogen and water
from combustion are not generally measured, and at times oxygen is
not measured. The AFR calculated is for dry air (does not include
humidity). To compare the results to an AFR calculated from
measured fuel and air, the water vapor in the intake air must be
mathematically subtracted from the AFR derived from measured fuel
and air or added to result derived from measured exhaust constituents.
Initial Conversion of Input Data
Initially all fuel and exhaust composition data must be convened
into consistent units. Assuming fuel components are input as mass
fractions of the total fuel (i.e.. Total Fuel = 1), the conversions to
number of atoms of a fuel constituent per atom of carbon (or moles
per mole) are as follows:
FUEL FACTORS: (3)
x = (FFC/FFQ « (12.011/12.011) for carbon
y = (FFH/FFC) - (12.011/ 1.008) for hydrogen
z = (FFO/FFC) • (12.011/15.999) for oxygen
f « (FFX/FFQ * (12.011/AAWX) for all other
FF * Fuel Fraction
AAW » Avenge Atomic Weight (Use 14,007 ifN or unknown}
Use total C. H. and O - including that in CD2. H20. etc.
For the exhaust constituents, all measured concentrations must be
expressed in percent on a dry basis. Additionally, the C02
concentration must be corrected for background (BG), and the HC
concentration must be corrected for FID response. Equations for
performing the necessary conversions are as follows:
CONVERSION EQUATIONS: (Exhaust Constituents} (4)
Measured Dry (dew point less than -30°Q:
Dry %XX = Measured %XX
Measured Ice-Trap Dry (dew point 0°C to 2°Q:
Dry %XX » (Measured %XX)* 1.0068
Note: Following equations include tonstents derived empirically by primary author.
Measured Wet (no water removed from sample):
Dry%XX - Wet%XX»[(100 +H20FAC +HUMFACV100J
H20FAC - 0.005»y*%C02 + O.OOS*y*%CO
- 0.01 »y.SAFR.[%CO +0.0121 *(%CO)2e]
HUMFAC » 0.168.HUM
iHUM « Intake humidity in grams/kg of dry air).
C02 Corrected for Background C02:
%C02 - Measured %C02 - L1«BG%C02
¦ Measured %C02 - 0.04 (if BG%C02 not measured)
HC Corrected for FID Response:
%HC = Measured %HC / FID Response Factor
If unknown: F1DRF » (0.87 +0.07*y -0.33»z]
Balance Equations and Water-Gas Ratio
Three balance equations can be generated from the combustion
equation. The equations (for carton, oxygen, and hydrogen) are:
BALANCE EQUATIONS; (5)
Carbon Balance:
1 = c + m +d (When x = 1}
Oxygen Balance:
0,5z + A = 0.5zc + 0.5m + d + 0.5n + t + 0.5w
Hydrogen Balance:
0.5y = 0.5ye + h + w w = G.5y - O.Syc - h
"Hie water-gas ratio for determining exhaust H2 from measured
exhaust constituents is as follows:
k =3.5 = IC0-H20] / [H2*C02] = [m-wj / [h-d]
Substituting for "w" and solving for "h" provides:
h = [0.5m(y - c)J / [3.5d + m] (6)
Relating Variables To Concentrations
The next requirement is to define the variables in the combustion
equation in terms of the measured values for the exhaust constituents.
This can be done in the form of ratios, as follows:
c/c = %HC/%HC m/c = %CO/%HC d/c - %C02/%HC
Then substituting into the carbon balance equation:
I = c + m + d
1 = c(%HC/%HQ + c(%CO/%HC) + c(%C02/%HC)
c = %HC / (%HC + %CO + %C02)
Solving ail of the other variables in terms of the measured exhaust
constituents, in like manner, provides the following:
VARIABLES IN TERMS OF CONCENTRATIONS: (7)
c = %HC / (%HC + %CO + %C02)
m « %CO / (%HC + %CO + %C02)
d = %C02 / (%HC + %CO + %C02)
n - %NOX I (%HC + %CO + %C02)
t = %02 / (%HC + %CO + %C02)
Solution of AFR Equation
At this point, all of the necessary conversions have been defined and
all of the necessary equations have been developed to enable deriving
the equations for computation of AFR, It onlv remains to cany the
resolution to a final solution.
Initially, an attempt was male to use the computer to effect the
solution, but no available program was capable of solving the
numerous simultaneous equations. Therefore, the solution was
derived manually. The solution is included in Appendix A to the
extent practical.
-------
EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING AFR AND LAMBDA
Computations of AFR and Lambda (X) have been developed for
cases in which:
• All exhaust constituents are measured;
• All exhaust constituents, except oxygen, are measured;
- Oxygen is the only exhaust constituent measured.
Lambda is the combustion AFR divided by the stoichiometric AFR,
In the definition of lambda, the 0 in the exhaust NO is effectively
taken as being available oxygen. With three-way catalyst systems,
the NO is the source for the oxygen involved in oxidizing the CO .
Basic equations for calculation of AFR and X are as follows:
02BAL = %0^(%HC*%C6*%C02) -Calc. t»lQO.]
A*0-5»z
Calc. t = [20.946/(%HC+%CO+%CO2)]
- 1(0.2095 -0.1976y +0J93z)c - 0.6047m
+ O.lSSSh -d -O.Sn -0.1976y +0.3953z -0.2095f]
The result in percent is defined as the difference between the
measured 02 and the value 02 should be, assuming measured values
of other exhaust constituents (primarily C02) were exactly correct.
In general, when the 02BAL value is significant (the primary author
usually uses a limit of two percent), either the 02 or the €02
measurement is incorrect.
AFR
138.28» A
12.011 ~ 1.008»y ~ 15.999*z + 28.016*f
k -AFR/SAFR
(8)
(9)
Derivations for most, and the computations for all, of the variables
(except "A") are provided in the text of this paper. Derivations for
"A" are more involved and are provided only in the attachment. In
these applications, exhaust H2 concentration is computed (identified
as H2FAC) as follows:
H2FAC
0 J»%CQ«fy»(%HC-%CO»%CQ2) ¦
3.5»%C02 * %CO
• %HC]
(10)
All Exhaust Constituents Available
For the situations in which all exhaust constituents are measured,
and it can be assumed that C02 and 02 are both measured with equal
accuracy (accuracy as a percent of the measured value), the measured
values of both are included in the computation. In situations where
the 02 measurements are significantly less accurate than the C02
measurements, use the computation in the next section, in which an
02 value is effectively derived from the measured C02. The
equation for computation of "A" when the measured C02 and 02 are
considered to be equally valid is as follows:
A = [(0.5«z-0.25*y)»%HC + 0.5»%CO + %C02
+ 0.5»NOX + %02 - 0.5.H2FAC]
/ [%HC+%C0+%C02] +0.25»y -0.5*z
(11)
Oxygen Balance Computation
An oxygen balance computation (02BAL) has been developed to
indicate accuracy of the measured exhaust C02 and 02, when both
are measured. In this process, an 02 value is calculated from the
other exhaust constituents, and that calculated 02 value is compared
to the measured 02 value. Derivation of the balance computation is
as follows:
• i
02BAL = [(%02-CAL02)«100.]
1 [(A + 0.5»z)«(%HC+%CO+%CO2)]
CAL02 ® [Calculated t] * [%HC+%C0+%C02]
Exhaust 02 Concentration Not Available
When all exhaust constituents, other than 02, are available, the
computation process computes a concentration for 02. This
calculated concentration is that which would be present, assuming the
measured concentrations for all the other exhaust constituents were
exact When a valid exhaust 02 concentration is not available, the
equation for computation of "A" is as follows:
A * [20.946 -(0.2095 +0.0524-y -0.1047-z)»%HC
- 0.1047-%CO -0.3142.H2FAC] / [%HC+%C0+%C02]
+• 0.0524.y - 0.i047*z - Q.2095»f (13)
Only Exhaust C02 or 02 Available
When only the exhaust C02 concentration or the 02 concentration
is available, and the concentrations of other exhaust constituents are
known to be negligible, it is possible to compute a reasonable
estimate of AFR. When only the exhaust C02 or 02 is known, and
the other constituents are either unknown or negligible, the equations
for "A" reduce to the following:
C02 Known:
A - 20.946/%CO2 + 0.0524-y - 0.1047-z - 0.2095»f (14)
02 Known:
A - [*>02.(4.7742 +• 0.9435»y - 1.8871«z + f)]
/ [100. - 4.7742-%02] + 1.0 + 0.25-y - 0.5 «z (15)
AFR COMPUTATION PROCESS
Computation of AFR is outlined as follows;
1. Compute fuel factors using Equations 3.
2. Convert emissions using Equations 4.
3. Compute A using Equation 11.13, 14 or 15.
4. When Equation 10 is used, compute 02BAL
5. Compute SAFE and AFR using Equations 2 and 8.
6. If k is desired, compute using Equation 9.
4
-------
OXIDATION POTENTIAL PROCESS
When the AFR is very close to stoichiometric (such as with three-
way catalyst systems), the standard AFR computation can result in
significant error, relative to the magnitude of the AFR, Under such
conditions, a better approach is to utilize an "oxidation potential"
process (OXIPOT). This process is related to the REDOX
computation developed by Gandhi et al (1976), and utilizes the
exhaust constituents that are present in relatively small quantities near
stoichiometric AFR (OXIPOT process does not use C02, H20, and
N2). The exhaust AFR is stoichiometric, relative to oxidation
potential, when;
t + 0.5n = (1+0.25y-0.5z)c + 0.5m + 0.5h
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
There are several other considerations, such as wet air-to-fuel ratio
(WAFR), fuel-to-air ratio (FAR and WFAR), and air-to-combustible
fuel ratio (ACFR and WACFR), that can be computed:
Wet Air-lo-Fuel Ratio
Calculated dry AFR can be converted to a wet air-to-fuel ratio
(WAFR) as follow:
WAFR = AFR»(1 + H/1000) (20)
H = Absolute humidity (grams of water per kg of dry air)
The components having oxidizing potential are to the left of the
equal sign, and those having reducing potential are on the right of the
equal sign. OXIPOT is defined as the oxidizing potential divided by
the reducing potential:
OXIPOT = ft +0.5n1 / [(l+0.25y-0.5z)c -+OJm +0.5h]
Solving OXIPOT in terms of the concentrations of the exhaust
constituents results in (H2FAC from Equation 10):
OXIPOT- [2.«%Q2 » %NOX1 (16)
((2.*Q.5 *y-z)» %HC '~ %CO * H2FAC]
Fuel-to-Air Ratio
Fuel-to-air ratio (FAR) is total fuel divided by dry air (FAR is the
inverse of the AFR):
FAR = FUEUAIR
FAR = 1/AFR (21)
FAR divided by the stoichiometric FAR (SFAR) is identified as
= FAR/SFAR
4 = SAFR/AFR (22)
It is also possible to calculate lambda (X = AFR/SAFR) using the
oxidation potential. The AFR is stoichiometric when the total oxygen
from the intake air is (2. + 0.5»y - z), and the computation for
OXIPQTX is as Follows;
OXIPOT X • ((2- * °-5*y ~ z) * 02FAC]
[2. * 0.5 *y - z]
02FAC = [2.»%02 +%NOX -(2.+0.5.y-z)*%HC
-%CO -H2FAC] / [%HC+%CO+%C02]
The values for OXIPOT and OXIPOTa. can be used in determining
whether the exhaust composition is oxidizing (has excess 02) or
reducing (deficient in 02) as follows:
REFERENCES
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th Edition, CRC Press,
Inc. 1988.
Gandhi, H. S., Piken, A. G„ Shelf, M., and Delosh, R. G.. 1976
"Laboratory Evaluation of Three-Way Catalysts," SAE Paper 760201.
Spindt, R. S„ 1965, "Air-Fuel Ratios from Exhaust Gas Analysis."
SAE Paper 650507,
Urban, C. M„ Fritz. S. G.. 1992, "Computing Emissions from
Hydrogen-Fueled Engines," ASME Paper 92-ICE-15.
Urban, C M„ Sharp, C. A., 1993, "Computing Emissions from
Natural Gas and Dual-Fuel Engines," ASME Paper 93-ICE-29.
Uyehara, O., 1991, "A Method to Estimate H2 in Engine Exhaust,"
SAE Paper 910732.
OXIPOT or OXIPOTX £ 1 Exhaust is Oxidizing (18)
OXIPOT or OXIPOTJ. S 1 Exhaust is Reducing (19)
-------
.'.; - "• f::; - APPENDDC A. DERIVATIONS -
All of the equations derived in this appendix originate from the basic combustion equation given in the text, as (1), and repeated below:
/i- ¦: _
FUEL + AIR -»• EXHAUST [A]
FUEL « xC + yH + zO + fN
AIR = A02 + [3.7742»A]N2
EXHAUST = cHC + mCO + hH2 + dC02 + nNOX + wH20 + t02 + [3.7742*A -0.5n]N2 + fN
In all cases, the derivation revolves around solving for the amount of air "A" in the combustion equation. Fuel components are known,
but some of the some exhaust constituents are not known. Derivations presented cover two cases: when oxygen in the exhaust is measured,
in addition to HC, CO, C02, and N0X; and when oxygen is not measured.
OXYGEN MEASURED
When oxygen is measured, the value of t is known, and the solution is reasonably straightforward.
Begin with the equations;
A = 0.5zc + 0.5m + d + 0.5n +1 + 0.5w - 0.57. (from the oxygen balance) IB]
w = 0,5y - 0.5yc - h {from the hydrogen balance) [C]
Substituting [C] into [B] and simplifying yields:
A * (0.5z - Q.2y)c + O.m + d +0.5n + t -0.5h + 0.25y - 0.5z , [D]
"A" can be expressed in terms of measured emission concentrations by substituting the following equations, taken from (6) and (7) in the
text for c. m. d, n. i. and h.
VARIABLES IN TERMS OF CONCENTRATIONS: [E]
c - %HC / (%HC + %CO + %C02)
m = %CO I (%HC + %CO + %C02)
d » %C02 I (%HC + %CO + %C02)
n = %NOX ! (%HC + %CO + %C02)
t = %02 t (%HC + %CO 4* %C02)
h = [0.5m(y - c)J / [3.5d + m] {from hydrogen balance and water-gas ratio)
Combining (D) and (E) and simplifying the result yields:
A - (Q-Sz~0.25y)%HC * 0.5%CO ~ %CQ2 * OJ%NOX * %Q2 - 0.5H2FAC + Q2S _Q5z (FJ
%HC * %CO * %COZ
Where: H2FAC - 05«%CO « [y»(%HC*%CX>%C02)-%Hq/[3J»%C02 ~ %CO]
.6
-------
OXYGEN NOT MEASURED
This solution is more complex because the value of t must be expressed in terms of other exhaust constituents, and thus eliminated, before
expressing "A" in terms of measured emission concentrations. The solution is from the basic combustion equation as follows:
Begin with the following from [B], [C], and [E] on the previous page:
A = 0.5zc + GJm + d + 0.5n + t + 0.5w + Q.5z (G]
w = 0.5y - OJyc - h [H]
%02 = t»(*HC + %CO + %C02) from t = %02/(%HC + %CO + %C02) [IJ
From the basic combustion equation, the percentage of free oxygen in the total drv exhaust is:
%o2 = —H122 ij]
c*m*h + d*n*t* 3.7792A - 0.5 n * f
Setting [1] equal to (J) yields:
100
%HC ~ %CO - %C02
c*m*h*d + 0.5n ~ t 3.7742A * f [K]
Substituting [H] into [G] and then substituting revised [G] into JK] yields:
1001 [%HC + %CO + %C02] -
c + m + h + d + 0.5n + t + 1.887 tzc +¦ l.8871m + 3.7742d + 1.887In + 3.77421 + 0.9436y - 0.9436yc - 1.8871b JL]
Simplifying {L] and solving for t gives:
t - 0.2095c -0.6047m -0.1858h -d -QSn -0.3953zc -0.1976y *0.1976yc *0.3953z -0.2095f {Ml
%HO%CO%C02
Now that t is known. "A" may be solved for in terms of exhaust emission concentrations.
Substituting [M] into [G], for t. and simplifying yields:
A - 0.1G47zc - 0.1047m ~ 0.2095c -0.3142H *0.00524y -0.0524yc -0.1047z *0.2095f IN]
%HC+%C0+%C02
Now the equations for c, m, and h from [E] are substituted into [N] to express "A" in terms of measured emission concentrations.
Simplifying the resulting equation yields the final solution:
A - 20-^ - (0.2095 *0.0524y -0.1047z).%HC - 0.1047.%CQ - 0.3142«H2PAC , _ . m
%HC - %CO ~ %C02j
Where: H2FAC - 0.5»%CO * [y.(%HC + %CO * %C02) - %HC] / [3-5«%C02 + %CO]
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX P
COMPUTING AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM EXHAUST COMPOSITION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
Itea: 7
10—JAN—94
Reference no: EXH1 Item: 7 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Stack gas Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CB2SS
Pipe Size: I.D.« 9.760 Wall"
.120
O.D.= 10.000 Inche
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow I STD Cond
2
C*«= Ena x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x 'Faa x Fl
: 1 ( qs) 2
tlW ;¦«=¦ —: -X •( - )
Qs '«¦ C"1
x V &w x Pf
V Pf ( c*)
¦Description
Term
Value
Units
SJnits -Conversion Factor "
Fna
S .6362
AKNUBAR Flow'Coefficient
K
.6242
Internal Pipe Diameter
D
9.76
inches
/Base Pressure. "Factor
Fpb
1
fi 24.73 PSIA
¦'Base' Temperature Factor
Ftb
1
# 60 F
specific Gravity Factor
Fg
1.0012
SG « .9978
' Manometer, Factor
Fn
1
-Gage-location -Factor
Fl
1
MAX
NORM
MIN
'•Flowrate
Qs
3100
1856
680
SCFM
^Calculation -Constant
Cx
226.033
226.532
226.781
Pipe Reynolds Ifumber
RD
0
0
0
Reynolds' number factor
Fra
1
1
1
Gas Expansion Factor
Ya
.9965
,9987
.9998
blowing Viscosity
uf
0
Centipoise
Flowing Temperature
Tf
700
F
Flowing Temp Factor
Ftf
.6694
Supercmprss. Factor
Fpv
1
^n^ermsi'l 'E!3^pa2^^52.'^3zi 5*i&c^^^52r
Faa
2.01
Flowing Pressure
Pf
14.559
PSIA
Differential Pressure
hw
12.9
4.61
.618
in H20
* - Indicates Manual Override
"LIMITS
Customer Design P & T:
10
in Hg |60F &
900
F
Max Allowable
DP-:
194
in H20 e
900
F
Flow at Max Allowable
DP:
11400
SCFM
Natural Frequency:
397
CPS
Hax'Allowable Pressure:
810
PSIG §
850
F
and Temperature:
B50
F
CAUTION Model Temp limit exceeded
CAUTION Mounting Hardware
required
CAUTION CMH or LMH Req'd,
•
HI
$
313"
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10—JAN—94
Reference no: EGR1 Item: 8 P.O.:
Customer; HEP Tag:
Fluid: Stack gas Serial no:
Model: DCR-15 HA1 CB1 MP2
Pipe Sizes 4"SCH 40
-V
D.P. Eq'n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow § STD Cond
2
C*- Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf xFgx Fpv x Fn
x laa x F1
1- ( Qs) 2
Jm «= x ( - }
p£ C CM
Qs - c% x v lis X pf
Description
Term
Value
Units
Units -Conversion 'Factor
Fna
5.6362
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
K
.6235
Internal Pipe Diameter
D
4.026
inches
Base -Pressure Factor
Fpb
. J.
§ 14.73 PSIA
Base Temperature Factor
Ftb
1
1 60 F
Specific Gravity Factor
Fg
1
SG - 1.0000
Manometer Factor
Fn
1
Gage ¦ Location-- -Factor
F1
1
MAX
NORM
MIN
. Flowrate
Qs
600
150
0
SCFM
calculation Constant
C*
47.1112
47.2435
0
Pipe Reynolds- Number
RD
0
0
0
Reynolds Number Factor
Fra
1
1
1
Gas 'Expansion. Factor
Ya
.997
.9998
.9967
Flowing 'Viscosity
uf
0
Centipoise
Flowing Temperature
Tf
300
F
FjLowing Temp Factor
. Ftf
.8271
gjjpercmprss. Factor
Fpv
1
Thermal.,Expansion Factor
Faa
1.003
Flowing Pressure •
Pf
14.559
PSIA
Differential Pressure
hw
11.1
.692
0
in H20
* - Indicates Manual Override
LIMITS
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
4 in Bg 660F &
160 in E20 @
2180 SCFM
633 CPS
865 PSIG §
775 F
700
700
700
F
F
-------
Dieterieh Standard &NNUBAR Flow calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR2 Item: 2 P.O.;
Customer: HEP T39 *
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model; DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
Pipe Size; 8nSCH 40 /V-u^e. "20UF
D.P. Eg*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow ® STD Cond
2
Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ptf x Fg x Fpv x Fa
„ -x Faa -x -F1
k 1 . ( Qs) 2
bw - — x X _ )
.. '• -£f . ( C*> ¦
•QS « C*
x V hw x Pf
——,,
JJescription
Term
Value
Units
Criits Conversion -Factor
Fna
5.6362
ANKUBAR Flow Coefficient
K
.6173
Internal :-Pipe Diameteir
D
7.981
inches
Base Pressure Factor. Fpb
1
i 14.
73 PSIA
• .Base Temperature "Factor
Ftb
1
i 60
F
. ..Specific Gravity Factor
Fg
1
SG «= 1
.0000
• .Manometer Factor
Fn
1
Gage Location Factor
Fl
1 .
MAX
NORM
MIH
_ ¦ Flowrarte
QS
3000
1775
680
SCFM
Calculation -Constant
Cx
219.223
219.399
219.487
Pipe Reynolds Number
RD
0
0
0
Reyn
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
Item: 1
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR1 Item: 1 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
Pipe Size: 8"SCH 40 © wo°r
D."P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow § STD cond
C%«= <^na)x(l^ x 0 x Fra x *"pb x x x ^g x Fpv x At
x Fa x F1
1 ( Qs) 2 /
hw » x { * 3 Qs = c* x V hw x Pf .
Pf ( cvj
Description * ..
Term Value
Units
Units ¦ Conversion Factor Fna
ANHUBXR Flow Coefficient K
Internal ¦ Pipe ^ -;©iame ter D
Base Pressure Factor Fpb
-Base Temperature . .Factor Ftb
Specif ic Gravity Factor Fg
Manometer- •'Factor Fn
Gage •' Location.; "'Factor F1
5.6362
.6173
7.981
inches
§
t
SG «
14.73 PSIA
60 F
1.0000
MAX
NORM
MXN
Qs
3000
1775
680
SCFM
c*
211.346
211.558
211.642
RD
0
0
0
Fra
1
1
1
Ya
.9985
.9995
.9999
uf
0
Centipoise
Tf
110
F
Ftf
.95511/
Fpv
1
Faa
1
Pf
22.395
PSIA
hw
9
3.141/
.461
in H20
Flowrate •,
Calculation Constant
Pifce Reynolds' number
Reynolds. .Number .Factor
Gas Expansion .Factor
Flowing Viscosity-
Flowing Temperature
Flowing Temp Factor
Supercmprss• Factor
Thermal Expansion Factor
Flowing Pressure
Differential -Pressure
* — Indicates Manual Override
Customer Design P £ T:
Max Allowable DP;
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max Allowable Pressure:
. and •Temperature:
LIMITS
20
327
17200
508
1420
"600
in Hg @60F &
in H20 §
SCFM
CPS
PSIG e
F
110 F
110 F
110
-------
Dieterich Standard AHNUBAR Flow Calculation
Item; 3
10-JAK-94
Reference no: AIR3 item: 3 P.O.:
Customer '• REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 KP4
Pipe Size: 8"SCH 40
Gas
Volume Rate of Flow § STD Cond
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0
2
C**= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ptf x Fg x Fpv x Fa
x Faa x Fl
1 ( Qs) 2
hw x ( — )
Pf ( C«)
Qs « C%
x V^hw x Pf
'Description
Term
Value
Units
¦ tlnits Conversion Factor
Fna
5.6362
ANNUBXR Flow Coefficient
X
.6173
' .Internal Pipe ; Diameter ¦
D
7.981
inches
. Base- Pressure' Factor Fpb
e 14.73 PSIA
-."Base1.-Temperature Factor
•Ftb
1
e 60
F
Specific Gravity Factor
Fg
1
SG s 1
0000
"•¦Manometer Factor
Fn
1
¦ Gage=. Location Factor
Fl
1
MAX
norm
MIH
- Flowrate
Qs
3000
1775
680
SCFM
• Calculation Constant
c*
204.471
204.696
204.778
•Pipe Reynolds Number
ED
0
0
0
Ppynnlrlc Mrnnhor f?flrrf-n-r
Fra
1
1
1
Gas Expansion Factor
Ya
.9984
.9995
.9999
Flowing Viscosity
uf
0
Centipoise
Flowing Temperature
Tf
150
F
Flowing Temp Factor
Ftf
.9232
Supercmprss. Factor
Fpv
1
Thermal Expansion Factor
Faa
.
1.001
Flowing Pressure
Pf
22.395
PSIA
Differential Pressure
hw
9.61
3.36
.492
in H20
* - Indicates Manual override
UNITS
Customer Design PIT:
Kax Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP;
natural Frequency:
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
20 in Hg «60F & 150
327 in H20 § 150
16600 SCFM
508 CPS
1340 PSIG @ 150
600 F
F
F
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
Item; 6
Reference no: AIR6 Item; 6 P.O.;
Customer; REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 • CA2 MP4
Pipe Size: I.D.= 13.720 Wall
.140 O.D.<
A"«
10—JAN—94
'i/\ 11' p.jOC
14.000 Inche
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow § STD Cond
2
0*= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa ac PI
1 ( Q&y 2
hv x ( - )
Pf. ( c*)
Qs ¦ C* X V hv X Pf
Description
¦¦Term
Value
Units
Units Conversion Factor
Fna
5.6352
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
K
.6328
Internal Pipe Diameter
13.72
inches
Ease. Pressure Factor Fpb
1
§
14.73 PSIA.
Base Temperature Factor
Ftb
1
€
60 F
Specific .Gravity Factor
Fg
1
SG -
•1.0000
Manometer Factor
Fn
1
Gage Location -Factor
F1
1
MAX
NORM
HIN
Flowrate
Qs
3000
1775
680
SCFM
Calculation Constant
C%
641.096
641-16
641.224
Pipe Reynolds Number
RD
0
0
0
Reynolds Number-Factor
Fra
1
1
1
Gas" Expansion Factor
Ya
.9998
.9999
1
Flowing Viscosity
-uf
0
Centipoise
Flowing Temperature
Tf
110
F
Flowing Temp Factor
Ftf
.9551
Supercmprss. Factor
Fpv
1
Thermal Expansion Factor
Faa
1
Flowing Pressure
Pf
22.395
PSIA.
Differential Pressure
hw
.978
.342
.0502
in H20
* - Indicates Manual Override
LIMITS
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP;
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Hatural Frequency;
Max "Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
40 in Eg §60F &
12S in H20 §
33100 SCFM
230 CPS
1420 PSIG |
600 F
110
110
110
F
F
CAUTION Low DP warning § Kin. flow
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
Item; 4
10—JAN—94
Reference no; AIR4 Item: 4 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag;
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
- • 1"^ ^
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow § STD Cond
2
C%= Pna x K x D x Fra x ¥a x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa x F1
1 ( QsJ 2
liw —- X i - )
Pf c C%)
Qs « C% X SJ hv X Pf
.Description
Teas
Value
Units
tJnits Conversion Factor
Fna
5.6362
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
K
.6173
'Internal Pipe Diameter
D
7.981
indies
Base Pressure • Factor Fpb
1
§
14.73 PSIA
Base - Temperature factor
Ftb
1
e
60 F
Specific- Gravity Factor
Fg
1
SG s
1.0000
Manometer Factor
Fn
1
Gage Location Factor
Fl
1
MAX
NORM
MIN
Flowrate
Qs
3000
1775
680
SCFM
Calculation -Constant
cx
210.944
211.41
211.621
Pipe' Reynolds- Number
RD
0
0
0
.Reynolds Number Factor
Fra
1
1
1
Gas, "Expansion Factor
Ya
.9966
.9988
.9998
Flowing Viscosity
uf
0
Centipoise
Flowing Temperature
Tf
110
F
Flowing iPemp Factor
Ftf
.9551
Supercmprss. Factor
Fpv
1
Thermal Expansion Factor
Faa
1
Flowing Pressure
Pf
14.559
PSIA "
Differential Pressure
hw
13.9
4.84
.709
in H20
* — Indicates Manual Override
LIMITS
ft
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP;
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency;
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
20 in Hg §60F &
327 in H20 §
13400 SCFH
508 CPS
1420 PSIG §
600 F
110 F
110 F
110
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation io-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR5
Item: 5
P.O.:
Customer: REP
Tag;
Fluids Air
Serial no:
Model: DCR-25
HA2 CA2 MP4
Pipe Size: 8"SCH 40
Aja e 4
-------
Colorado State university
APPENDIX Q
ISO 8178-1
Measurment of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions
(Included only in unbound original submitted to PES)
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8178-1
First edition
1996-08*15
•9-*. Reproduced By GLOBAL
» engineering documents
~ 7 With Tht Pwtniuion 01 ISO
Under Royaltj Apeemtnt
Reciprocating internal combustion
engines — Exhaust emission
measurement —
Part 1:
Test-bed measurement of gaseous and
particulate exhaust emissions
Moteurs alternatifs a combustion interne — Mesurage des emissions de
gaz d'^chappemenr —
Partie 1: Mesurage des Emissions de gaz et de particules au banc d'essai
ISO:
Reference number
ISO 8178-1:1996(E)
-------
Contents
Page
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2
3 Definitions 3
4 Symbols and abbreviations 4
4.1 Symbols and subscripts 4
4.2 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components .... 6
4.3 Abbreviations „ , 7
5 Test conditions 7
5.1 General requirements 7
5.2 Engine test conditions 7
5.3 Power 8
5.4 Engine air inlet system 8
5.5 Engine exhaust system 8
5.6 Cooling system 9
5.7 Lubricating oil 9
6 Test fuels 9
7 Measurement equipment and data to be measured 9
7.1 Dynamometer specification 10
7.2 Exhaust gas flow 10
7.3 Accuracy 11
7.4 Determination of the gaseous components 12
7.5 Particulate determination 15
8 Calibration of the analytical instruments 17
8.1 Introduction 17
8.2 Calibration gases 17
© ISO 1996
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 * CH-1211 Geneve 20 * Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
-------
8.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system ... 18
8.4 Leakage test 18
8.5 Calibration procedure 18
8.6 Verification of the calibration 19
8.7 Efficiency test of the NOx converter 19
8.8 Adjustment of the FID . 21
8.9 Interference effects with CO, C02, NO, and 02 analysers . 23
8.10 Calibration intervals 25
9 Calibration of the particulate measuring system 25
9.1 General 25
9.2 Flow measurement 25
9.3 Checking the dilution ratio 25
9.4 Checking the partial flow conditions 25
9.5 Calibration intervals 25
10 Running conditions {test cycles) 25
11 Test run 26
11.1 Preparation of the sampling filters 26
11.2 Installation of the measuring equipment 26
11.3 Starting the dilution system and the engine 26
11.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio 26
11.5 Determination of test points 26
11.6 Checking of the analysers 27
11.7 Test cycles 27
11.8 Re-checking the analysers 28
11.9 Test report 28
12 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate emissions 28
12.1 Gaseous emissions 28
12.2 Particulate emissions 28
13 Calculation of the gaseous emissions 28
13.1 Determination of the exhaust gas flow 28
13.2 Dry/wet correction 29
-------
13.3 NO, correction for humidity and temperature 30
13.4 Calculation of the emission mass flow rate 31
13.5 Calculation of the specific emissions 32
14 Calculation of the particulate emission 33
14.1 Particulate correction factors 33
14.2 Partial flow dilution system 34
14.3 Full flow dilution system 36
14.4 Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate 36
14.5 Calculation of the specific emissions 37
14.6 Effective weighting factor 38
15 Determination of the gaseous emissions 38
15.1 Main exhaust components CO, CO2, HC, NO*, O2 38
15.2 Ammonia analysis 44
15.3 Methane analysis 45
15.4 Methanol analysis 49
15.5 Formaldehyde analysis 49
16 Determination of the particulates 52
16.1 Dilution system 52
16.2 Particulate sampling system 67
Annexes
A Calculation of the exhaust gas mass flow and/or of the combustion
air consumption 71
B Equipment and auxiliaries to be installed for the test to determine
engine power (see also 5.3 and 11.5} 83
C Efficiency calculation and corrections for the non-methane
hydrocarbon cutter measuring method 86
D Formulae for the calculation of the coefficients u, v, h> in 13.4 87
D.I For ideal gases at 273,15 K (0 °C) and 101.3 kPa 87
D.2 For real gases at 0 °C and 101,3 kPa 87
D.3 General formulae for the calculation of concentrations at
temperature T and pressure p 87
E Heat calculation {transfer tube) 89
iv
-------
E.I Transfer tube heating example 89
E.2 Heat transfer calculation 90
F Bibliography 93
v
-------
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee, international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnieal standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 8178-1 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 70, Interna! combustion engines. Subcommittee SC 8, Exhaust
gas emission measurement.
ISO 8178 consists of the following parts, under the general title
Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission meas-
urement.
— Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust
emissions
— Part 2: Measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions
at site
— Part 3: Definitions and methods of measurement of exhaust gas
smoke under steady-state conditions
— Part 4: Test cycles for different engine applications
— Part 5: Test fuels
— Part 6: Test report
— Part 7: Engine family determination
— Part 8: Engine group determination
— Part 9: Test bed measurement of exhaust gas smoke emissions
from engines used in non-road mobile machinery
Annexes A, B, C and D form an integral part of this part of ISO 8178. An-
nexes E and F are for information only.
vi
-------
Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust
emission measurement —
Part 1:
Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust
emissions
1 Scope
This part of ISO 8178 specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust
emission from reciprocating internal combustion engines (RIC engines) under steady-state conditions on a test
bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas polluant. Various combinations of engine
load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178-4).
This part of ISO 8178 is applicable to RtC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines
for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This part of ISO 8178 may be applied to engines used e.g. in
earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.
In limited instances, the engine can be tested on the test bed in accordance with ISO 8178-2, the field test
document. This can only occur with the agreement of the parties involved. It should be recognized that data ob-
tained under these circumstances may not agree completely with previous or future data obtained under the
auspices of this part of ISO 8178. Therefore, it is recommended that this option be exercised only with engines
built in very limited quantities such as very large marine or generating set engines.
For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations,
regulations for powerplants) additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply.
Where it is not possible to use a test bed or where information is required on the actual emissions produced by
an in-service engine, the site test procedures and calibration methods specified in ISO 8178-2 are appropriate.
NOTE 1 This part of ISO 8178 is intended for use as a measurement procedure to determine the gaseous and particulate
emission levels of RIC engines for non-automotive use. Its purpose is to provide a map of an engine's emission characteristics
which, through use of the proper weighting factors, can be used as an indication of that engine's emission levels under various
applications. The emission results are expressed in units of grams per kilowatt hour and represent the mass rate of emissions
per unit of work accomplished.
Although this part of ISO 8178 is designed for non-automotive engines, it shares many principles with particulate
and gaseous emission measurements that have been in use for many years for on-road engines. One test pro-
cedure that shares many of these principles is the full dilution method currently specified for certification of 1985
-------
and later heavy duty truck engines in the USA. Another is the procedure for direct measurement of the gaseous
emissions in the undiluted exhaust gas, as currently specified for the certification of heavy duty truck engines in
Japan and Europe.
Many of the procedures described below are detailed accounts of laboratory methods, since determining an
emissions value requires performing a complex set of individual measurements, rather than obtaining a single
measured value. Thus, the results obtained depend as much on the process of performing the measurements as
they depend on the engine and test method.
Evaluating emissions from off-road engines is more complicated than the same task for on-road engines due to
the diversity of off-road applications. For example, on-road applications primarily consist of moving a load from one
point to another on a paved roadway. The constraints of the paved roadways, maximum acceptable pavement
loads and maximum allowable grades of fuel, narrow the scope of on-road vehicle and engine sizes. Off-road en-
gines and vehicles include a wider range of size, including the engines that power the equipment. Many of the
engines are large enough to preclude the application of test equipment and methods that were acceptable for
on-road purposes. In cases where the application of dynamometers is not possible the tests shall be made at site
or under appropriate conditions.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part
of ISO 8178. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 8178 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently
valid International Standards.
ISO 3046-3:1989, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Performance — Part 3: Test measurements.
ISO 5167-1:1991, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices — Part 1: Orifice plates,
nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full.
ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.
ISO 8178-2:—Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 2: Meas-
urement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions at site.
ISO 8178-4;—", Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 4: Test
cycles for different engine applications.
ISO 8178-5:—1), Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 5: Test
fuels.
ISO 8178-6:—", Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 6: Test
report.
SAE J 1151:1988, Methane measurement using gas chromatography.
SAE J 1936:1989, Chemical methods for the measurement of nonregulated diesel emissions.
1} To be published.
-------
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 8178, the following definitions apply.
3.1 particulates*. Any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust gases with clean, fil-
tered air at a temperature of less than or equal to 325 K (52 °Q, as measured at a point immediately upstream
of the primary filter; this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons and sulfates, and associated water.
NOTE 2 Particulates defined in this part of ISO 8178 are substantially different in composition and weight from particulates
or dust sampled directly from the undiluted exhaust gas using a hot filter method (e.g. ISO 9096). Particulates measurement
as described in this part of ISO 8178 is conclusively proven to be effective for fuel sulfur levels up to 0,8 %.
3.2 partial flow dilution method: The process of separating a part of the raw exhaust gases from the total
exhaust flow, then mixing with an appropriate amount of dilution air prior to passing through the particulate sam-
pling filter (see 16.1.1, figures 10 to 185.
3.3 full flow dilution method: The process of mixing dilution air with the total exhaust flow prior to separating
a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for analysis.
NOTE 3 It is common in many full-flow dilution systems to dilute this fraction of pre-diluted exhaust gases a second time
to obtain appropriate sample temperatures at the particulate filter (see 16.1.2, figure 19).
3.4 isokinetic sampling: The process of controlling the flow of the exhaust sample by maintaining the mean
sample velocity at the probe equal to the exhaust stream mean velocity.
3.5 non-isokinetic sampling: The process of controlling the flow of the exhaust sample independent of the
exhaust stream velocity.
3.6 multiple filter method: The process of using one pair of filters for each of the individual test cycle modes;
the modal weighting factors are accounted for after sampling during the data evaluation phase of the test.
3.7 single filter method: The process of using one pair of filters for all test cycle modes. Modal weighting fac-
tors must be accounted for during the particulate sampling phase of the test cycle by adjusting sample flow rate
and/or sampling time.
NOTE 4 This method dictates that particular attention be given to sampling duration and flow rates.
3.8 specific emissions: Emissions expressed on the basis of brake power as defined in 3.9.
NOTE 5 For many engine types within the scope of this part of ISO 8178 the auxiliaries which will be fitted to the engine
in service are not known at the time of manufacture or certification.
When it is not appropriate to test the engine in the conditions as defined in annex B, e.g., if the engine and
transmission form a single integral unit, the engine can only be tested with other auxiliaries fitted. In this case the
dynamometer settings should be determined in accordance with 5.3 and 11.5. The auxiliary losses should not
exceed 5 % of the maximum observed power. Losses exceeding 5 % must be approved, prior to the test, by the
parties involved.
3.9 brake power: The observed power measured at the crankshaft or its equivalent, the engine being equipped
only with the standard auxiliaries necessary for its operation on the test bed (see 5.3 and annex B).
3.10 auxiliaries: The equipment and devices listed in annex B.
-------
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols and subscripts
Symbols
According
to EEC
regulations
SID
Term
Unit
AP
Ap
•At
\
concc
cam
conca
cdil
concx
c«
DF
D
EAF
E
£,tt
f.
/.
^fcb
Fct,
F* D
F«
Fm
Fh
F*
Qmrd
Gairw
^dilw
GiDFW
*
^EXHW
Gfuei
Gtotw
GASX
H.
"ref
HTCRAT
HC
i
i
*HDlES
^HPET
KP
Kp
*W.
Km
Km
v
Aw»
KWr
Cross sectional area of the isokinetic sampling probe
Cross sectional area of the exhaust pipe
Background corrected concentration
Concentration of the dilution air
Concentration (with suffix of the component nominating)
Dilution factor
Excess air factor (kg dry air per kg fuel)
Excess air factor {kg dry air per kg fuel) at reference conditions
Laboratory atmospheric factor
Fuel specific factor for the carbon balance calculation
Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on dry basis
Fuel specific factor used for the calculations of wet concentrations from drv
concentrations
Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on wet basis
Intake air mass flow rate on dry basis
Intake air mass flow rate on wet basis
Dilution air mass flow rate on wet basis
Equivalent diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
Exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
Fuel mass flow rate
Diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
Gas emission (with subscript denoting compound)
Absolute humidity of the intake air
Absolute humidity of the dilution air
Reference value of absolute humidity2'
Hydrogen-to-carbon ratio
Subscript denoting an individual mode
Humidity correction factor for NO, for diesel engines
Humidity correction factor for NO, for gasoline (petrol! engines
Humidity correction factor for particulates
Dry to wet correction factor for the intake air
Dry to wet correction factor for the dilution air
Dry to wet correction factor for the diluted exhaust gas
Dry to wet correction factor for the raw exhaust gas
m
2
m
ppm % (v/v)
ppm % (v/v)
ppm % (v/v)
1
kg/kg
kg/kg
1
1
1
1
1
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/kW-h
9/kg
g/kg
a/kg
mol/mol
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
-------
Symbols
According
T«rm
Unit
to EEC
SI1'
regulations
L
M
Percent torque related to the maximum torque for the test engine speed
%
mass
Total barometric pressure**
kPa
Pe
Pa
Saturation vapour pressure of the dilution air
kPa
Ps
PS
Dry atmospheric pressure
kPa
P
P
Uncorrected brake power
kW
PAm
P.UK
Declared total power absorbed by auxiliaries fitted for the test and not required bv
annex B M y
kW
Pm
Maximum measured or declared power at the test engine speed under test condi-
tions (see 11.5)
kW
PT
eFJ
Particulate emission
g/kW-h
PT
' ' mass
QmPT
Particle mass flow rate
kg/h
1
9
rail
Dilution ratio
r
r»
Ratio of cross sectional areas of isokinetic probe and exhaust pipe
1
K*
*.
Relative humidity of the intake air
%
Re
Relative humidity of the dilution air
%
K,
n
FID response factor
1
*fM
rm
FID response factor for methanol
1
kW
S
s
Dynamometer setting
T,
r,
Absolute temperature of the intake air
K
Toa
7"d
Absolute dewpoint temperature
K
T,et
ft*
Absolute reference temperature {of combustion air: 298 K)
K
Tsc
7"c
Absolute temperature of the intercooled air
K
^SCRtl
T
' cref
Absolute intercooled air reference temperature
K
^AIRD
^vad
Intake air volume flow rate on dry basis
m3/h
VAIHW
^v'aw
Intake air volume flow rate on wet basis
m3/h
V'di,
Volume of the dilution air sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
_3
m
^DILW
Ivaw
Dilution air volume flow rate on wet basis
m3/h
VEDFW
?Wx
Equivalent diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
m3/h
^EXHD
%Ki
Exhaust gas volume flow rate on dry basis
m3/h
V£XHW
3v'xw
Exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
m3/h
5
-------
Symbols
According
to EEC
regulations
St1»
Term
Unit
^SAM
v
SSfit
Volume of the diluted exhaust sample passed through the particulate sampling
filters
3
m
^totw
*?Vdx
Diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
m3/h
w,
Weighting factor
1
WFE
Effective weighting factor
1
1) According to ISO 31 on Quantities and units.
2! 10,71 g/kg; for calculation of NOf and particulate humidity correction factors.
3! Correspond to or PSY (test ambient conditions) as defined in ISO 3046-1.
4) Corresponds to pn or PX {site total pressure in ambient conditions); py or PY (test total pressure in ambient conditions)
as defined in ISO 3046-1.
4,2 Symbols and abbreviations lor the chemical components
ACN Acetonitrile
CI Carbon 1 equivalent hydrocarbon
CH4 Methane
C2H6 Ethane
C3Hb Propane
CH3OH Methanol
CO Carbon monoxide
C02 Carbon dioxide
DNPH Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
OOP Dioctyl phthalate
HC Hydrocarbons
HCHO Formaldehyde
H20 Water
NH3 Ammonia
NMHC Non-methane hydrocarbons
NO Nitric oxide
N02 Nitrogen dioxide
NOx Oxides of nitrogen
N20 Dinitrogen oxide
02 Oxygen
RME Rapeseed oil methylester
SC2 Sulfur dioxide
S03 Sulfur trioxide
6
-------
4.3 Abbreviations
CFV
CLD
CVS
ECS
FID
FTIR
GC
HCLD
HFID
HPLC
NDIR
NMC
PDP
PMD
PT
UVD
ZRDO
Critical flow venturi
Chemiluminescent detector
Constant volume sampling
Electrochemical sensor
Flame ionization detector
Fourier transform infrared analyser
Gas chromatograph
Heated chemiluminescent detector
Heated flame ionization detector
High pressure liquid chromatograph
Non-dispersive infrared analyser
Non-methane cutter
Positive displacement pump
Paramagnetic detector
Particulates
Ultraviolet detector
Zirconium dioxide sensor
5 Test conditions
5.1 General requirements
All volumes and volumetric flow rates shall be related to 273 K (0° C) and 101,3 kPa.
5.2 Engine test conditions
5.2.1 Test condition parameter
The absolute temperature Tt of the engine intake air expressed in Kelvin, and the dry atmospheric pressure ps,
expressed in kPa, shall be measured, and the parameter .4 shall be determined according to the following pro-
visions:
Naturally aspirated and mechanically pressure charged compression ignition engines:
Formulae (1) and {2} are identical with the exhaust emission legislation from ECE, EEC and EPA.
For naturally aspirated and pressure charged spark ignition engines the parameter aa shall be determined according
to the following:
•..(1)
Turbocharged compression ignition engines with or without cooling of the intake air:
... (2)
...(2a)
7
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and shall be between 0,93 and 1,07,
5.2.2 Test validity
For a test to be recognized as valid, the parameter/8 should be such that
0,98*/, <1,02 •••(3)
If, for evident technical reasons, it is not possible to comply with this requirement, /a shall be between 0,93 and
1,07. In this case the particulate emission, PT, shall be corrected according to 14.1.2;^ correction of the gaseous
emissions shall not be applied.
5.2.3 Engines with charge air cooling
The temperature of the cooling medium and the temperature of the charge air shall be recorded.
The cooling system shall be set with the engine operating at the reference speed and load. The charge air tem-
perature and cooler pressure drop shall be set to within ± 4 K and + 2 kPa respectively, of the manufacturer's
specification.
5.3 Power
The basis of specific emissions measurement is uncorrected brake power.
Certain auxiliaries necessary only for the operation of the machine and which may be mounted on the engine
should be removed for the test. The following incomplete list is given as an example:
— air compressor for brakes;
— power steering compressor;
— air conditioning compressor;
— pumps for hydraulic actuators.
For further details see 3.8 and annex B.
Where auxiliaries have not been removed, the power absorbed by them at the test speeds shall be determined
in order to calculate the dynamometer settings in accordance with 11.5.
5.4 Engine air inlet system
The test engine shall be equipped with an air inlet system presenting an air inlet restriction within ± 10 % of the
upper limit specified by the manufacturer for a clean air filter for the engine operating conditions giving maximum
air flow for respective engine applications.
For 2-stroke spark ignition engines, a system representative of the installed engine shall be used.
5.5 Engine exhaust system
The test engine shall be equipped with an exhaust system presenting an exhaust back pressure within ± 10 %
of the upper limit specified by the manufacturer for the engine operating conditions giving maximum declared
power for respective engine applications.
For 2-stroke spark ignition engines, a system representative of the installed engine shall be used.
8
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5.6 Cooling system
An engine cooling system with sufficient capacity to maintain the engine at normal operating temperatures pre-
scribed by the manufacturer shall be used,
5.7 Lubricating oil
Specifications of the lubricating oil used for the test shall be recorded and presented with the results of the- test.
6 Test fuels
Fuel characteristics influence engine exhaust gas emission. Therefore, the characteristics of the fuel used for the
test should be determined, recorded and presented with the results of the test. Where fuels designated as ref-
erence fuels in ISO 8178-5 are used, the reference code and the analysis of the fuel shall be provided. For all other
fuels the characteristics to be recorded are those listed in the appropriate universal data sheets in ISO 8178-5.
The fuel temperature shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The fuel temperature shall
be measured at the inlet to the fuel injection pump or as specified by the manufacturer, and the location of
measurement recorded.
The selection of the fuel for the test depends on the purpose of the test. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties
the fuel shall be selected in accordance with table 1.
Table 1 — Selection of fuel
Test purpose
Interested parties
Fuel selection
Type approval
(Certification)
1. Certification body
2. Manufacturer or supplier
Reference fuel, if one is defined
Commercial fuel if no reference fuel is
defined
Acceptance test
1. Manufacturer or supplier
2. Customer or inspector
Commercial fuel as specified by the
manufacturer1'
Research/development
One or more of:
manufacturer, research organization,
fuel and lubricant supplier, etc.
To suit the purpose of the test
1! Customers and inspectors should note that the emission tests carried out using commercial fuel will not necessarily
comply with limits specified when using reference fuels.
When a suitable reference fuel is not available, a fuel with properties very close to the reference fuel may be used. The
characteristics of the fuel shall be declared.
7 Measurement equipment and data to be measured
The emission of gaseous and particulate components by the engine submitted for testing shall be measured by
the methods described in clauses 15 and 16. These clauses describe the recommended analytical systems for the
gaseous emissions (clause 15) and the recommended particulate dilution and sampling systems (clause 16).
Other systems or analysers may be accepted if they yield equivalent results. The determination of system equiv-
alency shall be based on a 7-sample pair (or larger) correlation study between the system under consideration and
one of the accepted systems of this part of ISO 8178. "Results" refers to the specific cycle weighted emissions
value. The correlation testing is to be performed at the same laboratory and test cell, and on the same engine. The
tests should be run concurrently. The test cycle to be used shall be the appropriate cycle as found in ISO 8178-4,
or the C1 cycle as found in ISO 8178-4. The equivalency criterion is defined as a ± 5 % agreement of the sample
pair average with outliers excluded from the database as described in ISO 5725-2 obtained under the laboratory
9
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cell and the engine conditions described above. The systems to be used for correlation testing shall be declared
prior to the test and shall be agreed upon by the parties involved.
For introduction of a new system, the determination of equivalency shall be based upon the calculation of re-
peatability and reproducibility, as described in ISO 5725-1 and ISO 5725-2.
The following equipment shall be used for emissions tests of engines on engine dynamometers. This part of
ISO 8178 does not contain details of flow, pressure and temperature measuring equipment. Instead, only the ac-
curacy requirements of such equipment necessary for conducting an emissions test are given in 7.3.
7.1 Dynamometer specification
An engine dynamometer with adequate characteristics to perform the appropriate test cycle described in
ISO 8178-4 shall be used.
The instrumentation for torque and speed measurement shall allow the measurement accuracy of the shaft power
within the given limits. Additional calculations may be necessary. The accuracy of the measuring equipment must
be such that the maximum tolerances of the figures given in 7.3 are not exceeded.
7.2 Exhaust gas flow
The exhaust gas flow shall be determined by one of the methods mentioned in 7.2.1 to 7.2.4.
7.2.1 Direct measurement method
Direct measurement of the exhaust flow is by flow nozzle or equivalent metering system. (Details are given in
ISO 5167-1.)
NOTE 6 Direct exhaust gas flow measurement is a difficult task. Precautions must be taken to avoid measurement errors
which may lead to emission value errors.
7.2.2 Air arid fuel measurement method
This involves measurement of the air flow and the fuel flow.
Air flowmeters and fuel flowmeters with an accuracy as defined in 7.3 shall be used.
The calculation of the exhaust gas flow is as follows:
^exhw = ^airw '-'fuel wet exhaust mass) ... (4)
or
VEXHD - VAtRD + Ffd X GpUEL {for dry exhaust volume) ... (5)
or
VEXHW = VA,RW + Fm x Gfuel (for wet exhaust volume) ¦ ¦ ¦(6)
Values for and Ffw vary with the fuel type (see annex A and ISO 8178-5).
7.2.3 Carbon balance method
This involves exhaust mass calculation from fuel consumption and exhaust gas concentrations using the carbon
and oxygen balance method (see annex A).
7.2.4 Total dilute exhaust gas flow
When using a full flow dilution system, the total flow of the exhaust (Gt0TW, Vtotw> shall be measured with a PDP
or CFV {see 16.1.2). The accuracy shall conform to the provisions of 9.2.
10
-------
7.3 Accuracy
The calibration of all measuring instruments shall be traceable to national and international standards and comply
with the requirements given in tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 — Permissible deviations of instruments for engine related parameters
No.
Item
Permissible
based on an engine's
maximum values
deviation
based on an engine's
maximum values1'
Calibration intervals
months
1
Engine speed
+ 2 %
+ 2 %
3
2
Torque
± 2 %
± 2 %
3
3
Power
± 2 % 2)
± 3 %
not applicable
4
Fuel consumption
± 2 % 2!
± 3 %
6
5
Specific fuel consumption
not applicable
± 3 %
not applicable
6
Air consumption
± 2 % 2>
± 5 %
6
7
Exhaust gas flow
4 4 %
not applicable
6
1) According to ISO 3046-3.
2) The calculations of the exhaust emissions as described in this part of ISO 8178 are, in some cases, based on different
measurement and/or calculation methods. Because of limited total tolerances for the exhaust emission calculation, the al-
lowable values for some items, used in the appropriate equations, must be smaller than the allowed tolerances given in
ISO 3046-3.
Table 3 — Permissible deviations of instruments for other essential parameters
No.
Item
Permissible
absolute
deviation
i)
Calibration intervals
months
1
Coolant temperature
± 2 K
+ 2 K
3
2
Lubricating oil temperature
± 2 K
+ 2 K
3
3
Exhaust gas pressure
+ 5 % of max.
± 5 %
3
4
Inlet manifold depressions
+ 5 % of max.
±5%
3
5
Exhaust gas temperature
± 15 K
+ 15 K
3
6
Air inlet temperature (com-
bustion air)
± 2 K
± 2 K
3
7
Atmospheric pressure
± 0.5 % of reading
± 0.5 %
3
8
Intake air humidity (relative)
i 3 %
not applicable
1
9
Fuel temperature
± 2 K
± 5 K
3
10
Dilution tunnel temperatures
± 1,5 K
not applicable
3
11
Dilution air humidity (relative)
± 3 %
not applicable
1
12
Diluted exhaust gas flow
± 2 % of reading
not applicable
24 (partial flow!
(full flow)21
1 > According to ISO 3046-3.
2) Full flow systems: the CVS positive displacement pump or CFV shall be calibrated following initial installation, major
maintenance or as necessary when indicated by the CVS system verification described in 11.4,
11
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7.4 Determination of the gaseous components
7.4.1 General analyser specifications
The analysers shall have a measuring range appropriate for the accuracy required to measure the concentrations
of the exhaust gas components (7,4.1.15. It is recommended that the analysers be operated such that the meas-
ured concentration falls between 15 % and 100 % of full scale.
If the full scale value is 115 ppm (or ppmC) or less or if read-out systems (computers, data loggers) that provide
sufficient accuracy and resolution below 15 % of full scale are used, concentrations below 15 % of full scale are
also acceptable. In this case, additional calibrations are to be made to ensure the accuracy of the calibration curves
(8.5.6.2!.
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC! of the equipment shall be at such a level as to minimize additional errors.
7.4.1.1 Measurement error
The total measurement error, including the cross sensitivity to other gases (see 8.9), shall not exceed ± 5 % of
the reading or + 3,5 % of full scale, whichever is smaller. For concentrations of less than 100 ppm the measure-
ment error shall not exceed ± 4 ppm.
7.4.1.2 Repeatability
The repeatability, defined as 2,5 times the standard deviation of 10 repetitive responses to a given calibration or
span gas, must be no greater than ± 1 % of full scale concentration for each range used above 155 ppm (or ppmC)
or ± 2 % of each range used below 155 ppm (or ppmC).
7.4.1.3 Noise
The analyser peak-to-peak response to zero and span gases over any 10-second period shall not exceed 2 % of
full scale on all ranges used.
7.4.1.4 Zero drift
The zero drift during a one-hour period shall be less than 2 % of full scale on the lowest range used. The zero re-
sponse is defined as the mean response, including noise, to a zero gas during a 30-second time interval.
7.4.1.5 Span drift
The span drift during a one-hour period shall be less than 2 % of full scale on the lowest range used. Span is de-
fined as the difference between the span response and the zero response. The span response is defined as the
mean response, including noise, to a span gas during a 30-second time interval.
7.4.2 Gas drying
The optional gas drying device must have a minimal effect on the concentration of the measured gases. Chemical
dryers are not an acceptable method of removing water from the sample.
7.4.3 Analysers
7.4.3.1 to 7.4.3.11 describe the measurement principles to be used. A detailed description of the measurement
systems is given in clause 15. The gases to be measured shall be analysed using the instruments given below.
For non-linear analysers, the use of linearizing circuits is permitted.
7.4.3.1 Carbon monoxide (CO) analysis
The carbon monoxide analyser shall be of the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption type.
12
-------
7.4.3.2 Carbon dioxide (C02) analysis
The carbon dioxide analyser shall be of the non-dispersive infrared
-------
of the parties involved is required. The response time of this method is considerably shorter than with the double
converter method.
7.4.3.9 Dinitrogen oxide IN20) analysis
A FTIR analyser may be used in accordance with the instrument supplier's instructions. Since the technology has
not been fully demonstrated for exhaust measurements, prior agreement of the parties involved is required.
7.4.3.10 Formaldehyde (HCHO) analysis
Formaldehyde shall be determined by passing an exhaust sample through an impinger containing an acetonitriie
(ACN) solution of DNPH reagent or through a silica cartridge coated with 2.4-DNPH. The sample collected shall
be analysed by a high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) using UV detection at 365 nm.
7.4.3.11 Methanol (CH3OH) analysis
A FTIR analyser may be used in accordance with the instrument supplier's instructions. Since the technology has
not been fully demonstrated for exhaust measurements, prior agreement of the parties involved is required.
7.4.3.11.1 Gas chromatographic (GC) method
Methanol shall be determined by passing an exhaust sample through an impinger containing deionized water. The
sample shall be analysed by a GC with FID.
7.4.3.11.2 HFID method
The HFID calibrated on propane shall bp operated at 385 K+10K(112°C±10 °C). The methanol response factor
must be determined at several concentrations in the range of concentrations in the sample, according to 8.8.4.
7.4.4 Sampling for gaseous emissions
The gaseous emissions sampling probes shall be fitted at least 0,5 m or 3 times the diameter of the exhaust pipe
— whichever is the larger — upstream of the exit of the exhaust gas system, as far as is applicable, and sufficiently
close to the engine as to ensure an exhaust gas temperature of at least 343 K (70 °C) at the probe.
In the case of a multi-cylinder engine with a branched exhaust manifold, the inlet of the probe shall be located
sufficiently far downstream so as to ensure that the sample is representative of the average exhaust emissions
from all cylinders. In multi-cylinder engines having distinct groups of manifolds, such as in a "V" engine con-
figuration, it is permissible to acquire a sample from each group individually and calculate an average exhaust
emission. Other methods which have been shown to correlate with the above methods may be used. For exhaust
emission calculation the total exhaust mass flow shall be used.
If the composition of the exhaust gas is influenced by any exhaust aftertreatment system, the exhaust sample
shall be taken downstream of this device.
For spark ignition engines the exhaust sampling probe should be in a high-pressure side of the muffler, but as far
from the exhaust port as possible. To ensure complete mixing of the engine exhaust before sample extraction, a
mixing chamber may be optionally inserted between the muffler outlet and the sample probe. The internal volume
of the mixing chamber shall be not less than 10 times the cylinder displacement of the engine under test and
should be roughly equal dimensions in height, width and depth. The mixing chamber size should be kept as small
as practicable and should be coupled as close as possible to the engine. The exhaust line leaving the mixing
chamber should extend at least 610 mm beyond the sample probe location and be of sufficient size to minimize
back pressure. The temperature of the inner surface of the mixing chamber shall be maintained above the dew
point of the exhaust gases and a minimum temperature of 65 *C is recommended.
For marine engines the inlet of the probe shall be located so as to avoid ingestion of water which is injected into
the exhaust system for the purpose of cooling, tuning or noise reduction.
14
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When a full flow dilution system is used for determination of the particulates, the gaseous emissions in the diluted
exhaust gas may also be determined. The sampling probes shall be close to the particulate sampling probe in the
dilution tunnel (16.1.2, figure 19, DT and PSP). CO and C02 may also be determined by sampling into a bag with
subsequent measurement of the concentration in the sampling bag.
7.5 Particulate determination
The determination of the particulates requires a dilution system. Dilution may be accomplished by a partial flow
dilution system or a full flow dilution system. The flow capacity of the dilution system shall be large enough to
completely eliminate water condensation in the dilution and sampling systems, and maintain the temperature of
the diluted exhaust gas at or below 325 K (52 °C) immediately upstream of the filter holders. Dehumidifying the
dilution air before entering the dilution system is permitted, and especially useful if methanol-fuelled engines are
under test, or the dilution air humidity is high. Dilution air pre-heating above the temperature limit of 303 K
(30 *C) is recommended if the ambient temperature is below 293 K (20 °C). However, the dilution air temperature
shall not exceed 325 K (52 *C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust in the dilution tunnel.
For a partial flow dilution system, the particulate sampling probe shall be fitted close to and upstream of the
gaseous probe as defined in 7.4.4 and in accordance with 16.1.1, figures 10 to 18, exhaust pipe and sampling
probe (EP and SP).
The partial flow dilution system has to be designed to split the exhaust stream into two fractions, the smaller one
being diluted with air and subsequently used for particulate measurement. From that it is essential that the dilution
ratio be determined very accurately. Different splitting methods can be applied, whereby the type of splitting used
dictates to a significant degree the sampling hardware and procedures to be used (see 16.1.1).
To determine the mass of the particulates, a particulate sampling system, particulate sampling fitters, a microgram
balance and a temperature and humidity-controlled weighing chamber are required.
For particulate sampling, two methods may be applied.
The multiple filter method dictates that one pair of filters (see 7.5.1.3) is used for each of the individual modes of
the test cycle. This method allows more lenient sample procedures but uses more filters.
The single filter method uses one pair of filters (see 7.5.1.3) for all modes of the cycle. Considerate attention shall
be paid to sampling times and flows during the sampling phase of the test; however, only one pair of filters will
be required for the test cycle.
7.5.1 Particulate sampling filters
7.5.1.1 Filter specification
Fluorocarbon coated glass fibre filters or fluorocarbon based membrane filters are required for certification tests.
For special applications different filter materials may be used. All filter types shall have a 0,3 jim DOP (dioctyi
phthalate) collection efficiency of at least 95 % at a gas face velocity between 35 cm/s and 80 cm/s. When per-
forming correlation tests between laboratories or between a manufacturer and a regulatory agency, filters of
identical quality shall be used.
7.5.1.2 Filter size
Particulate filters shall have a minimum diameter of 47 mm (37 mm stain diameter). Larger filters are acceptable
(see 7.5.1.5).
7.5.1.3 Primary and back-up filters
The diluted exhaust gas shall be sampled by a pair of filters placed in series (one primary and one back-up filter)
during the test sequence. The back-up filter shall be located no more than 100 mm downstream of, and shall not
be in contact with the primary filter. The filters may be weighed separately or as a pair with the filters placed stain
side to stain side.
1C
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7.5.1.4 Filter face velocity
A gas face velocity through the filter of 35 cm/s to 80 cm/s shall be achieved. The pressure drop increase between
the beginning and the end of the test shall be no more than 25 kPa.
7.5.1.5 Filter loading
The recommended minimum filter loading shall be 465 |ig/mm2 (0,5 mg/1 075 mm2] stain area for the single filter
method. For the most common filter sizes the values are given in table 4.
For the multiple filter method, the recommended minimum filter loading for the sum of all filters is the product
of the appropriate value in table 4 and the square root of the total number of modes.
Table 4 — Recommended minimum filter loading
Filter diameter
mm
Recommended stain
diameter
mm
Recommended minimum
loading
mg
47
37
0,5
70
60
1,3
90
80
2,3
110
100
3,6
7.5.2 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications
7.5.2.1 Weighing chamber conditions
The temperature of the chamber (or room) in which the particulate filters are conditioned and weighed shall be
maintained at 295 K + 3 K (22 °C ± 3 °C) during all filter conditioning and weighing. The humidity shall be main-
tained to a dewpoint of 282,5 K ± 3 K (9,5 °C + 3 °C) and a relative humidity of 45 % ± 8 %.
7.5.2.2 Reference filter weighing
The chamber (or room) environment shall be free of any ambient contaminants (such as dust) that would settle
on the particulate filters during their stabilization. Disturbances to weighing room specifications as outlined in
7.5.2.1 will be allowed if the duration of the disturbances does not exceed 30 minutes. The weighing room should
meet the required specifications prior to entry of personal into the weighing room. At least two unused reference
filters or reference filter pairs shall be weighed within 4 hours of, but preferably at the same time as the sample
filter (pair) weighings. They shall be of the same size and material as the sample filters.
If the average mass of the reference filters (or reference filter pairs) changes between sample filter weighings by
more than ± 5 % (± 7,5 % for the filter pair) of the recommended minimum filter loading (see 7.5.1.5!, then all
sample filters shall be discarded and the emissions test repeated.
If the weighing room stability criteria outlined in 7.5.2,1 are not met, but the reference filter (or pair) weighings
meet the above criteria, the engine manufacturer has the option of accepting the sample filter masses or, if not,
voiding the tests, fixing the weighing room control system and rerunning the test.
7.5.2.3 Analytical balance
The analytical balance used to determine the masses of all filters shall have a precision (standard deviation) of
20 ng and a resolution of 10 ug (1 digit « 10 ugh For filters less than 70 mm diameter, the precision and resolution
shall be 2 jig and 1 ug, respectively.
16
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7,5.2.4 Elimination of static electricity effects
To eliminate the effects of static electricity, the filters shall be neutralized prior to weighing, e.g. by a polonium
neutralizer or a device of similar effect.
7.5.3 Additional specifications for particulate measurement
All parts of the dilution system and the sampling system from the exhaust pipe up to the filter holder, which are
in contact with raw and diluted exhaust gas, shall be designed to minimize deposition or alteration of the
particulates. All parts shall be made of electrically conductive materials that do not react with exhaust gas com-
ponents, and shall be electrically earthed to prevent electrostatic effects.
8 Calibration of the analytical instruments
8.1 Introduction
Each analyser shall be calibrated as often as necessary to fulfil the accuracy requirements of this part of ISO 8178.
The calibration method that shall be used is described below for the analysers indicated in 7.4.3.
8.2 Calibration gases
The shelf life of all calibration gases shall be respected.
The expiry date of the calibration gases stated by the manufacturer shall be recorded.
8.2.1 Pure gas
The required purity of the gases is defined by the contamination limits given below. The following gases shall be
available for operation:
Purified nitrogen: {contamination ^ 1 ppmC, < 1 ppmCO, < 400 ppmC02, 0,1 ppmNO)
Purified oxygen: (purity > 99,5 % vol. 02)
Hydrogen-helium mixture: (40 % ± 2 % hydrogen, balance helium) (contamination $ 1 ppmC, < 400 ppmCO)
Purified synthetic air: (contamination sg 1 ppmC, < 1 ppmCO. < 400 ppmC02, < 0,1 ppmNO (oxygen content
18 % - 21 % vol.)
8.2.2 Calibration and span gases
Mixtures of gases having the following chemical composition shall be available*.
C3Hb and purified synthetic air (see 8.2.1):
CO and purified nitrogen;
NO, and purified nitrogen the amount of NOz contained in this calibration gas must not exceed 5 % of the
NO content):
02 and purified nitrogen;
C02 and purified nitrogen;
CH4 and purified synthetic air;
C2H6 and purified synthetic air.
NOTE 9 Other gas combinations are allowed provided the gases do not react with one another.
17
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The true concentration of a calibration and span gas must be within + 2 % of the nominal value. All concentrations
of calibration gas shall be given on a volume basis {volume percent or volume ppm).
The gases used for calibration and span may also be obtained by means of a gas divider, diluting with purified N2
or with purified synthetic air. The accuracy of the mixing device must be such that the concentration of the diluted
calibration gases may be determined to within + 2 %.
8.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system
The operating procedure for analysers shall follow the start-up and operating instructions of the instrument
manufacturer. The minimum requirements given in 8.4 to 8.7 and 8.9 shall be included. For laboratory instruments
such as GC and HPLC only 8.5.4 applies.
8.4 Leakage test
A system leakage test shall be performed. Disconnect the probe from the exhaust system and plug the end.
Switch on analyser pump. After an initial stabilization period all flow meters should read zero. If not, check the
sampling lines and correct the fault.
The maximum allowable leakage rate on the vacuum side shall be 0,5 % of the in-use flow rate for the portion of
the system being checked. The analyser flows and bypass flows may be used to estimate the in-use flow rates.
Another method is the introduction of a concentration step change at the beginning of the sampling line by
switching from zero to span gas. If after an adequate period of time the reading shows a lower concentration
compared to the introduced concentration, this points to calibration or leakage problems.
8.5 Calibration procedure
8.5.1 Instrument assembly
Calibrate the instrument assembly and check calibration curves against standard gases. The same gas flow rates
shall be used as when sampling exhaust gas.
8.5.2 Warm-up time
The warm-up time shall be according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. If not specified, a minimum
of two hours is recommended for warming up the analysers.
8.5.3 NDIR and HFID analyser
Tune the NDIR analyser as necessary, and optimize the combustion flame of the HFID analyser (8.8.1).
8.5.4 GC and HPLC
Calibrate both instruments according to good laboratory practice and to the recommendations of the manufacturer.
85.5 Calibration
Calibrate each normally used operating range.
Using purified synthetic air (or nitrogen), set the CO, C02, NO,, HC and 02 analysers at zero.
Introduce the appropriate calibration gases into the analysers, record the values and establish the calibration curve
according to 8.5.6.
Recheck the zero setting and repeat the calibration procedure, if necessary.
16
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8.5.6 Establishment of the calibration curve
8.5.6.1 General guidelines
The analyser calibration curve is established by at least five calibration points {excluding zero} spaced as uniformly
as possible. The highest nominal concentration shall be equal to or higher than 90 % of full scale.
The calibration curve is calculated by the method of least squares. If the resulting polynomial degree is greater than
3, the number of calibration points (zero included) shall be at least equal to this polynomial degree plus 2.
The calibration curve must not differ by more than ± 2 % from the nominal value of each calibration point and by
more than ± 1 % of full scale zero.
From the calibration curve and the calibration points, it is possible to verify that the calibration has been carried
out correctly. The different charactristic parameters of the analyser shall be indicated, particularly:
— the measuring range;
— the sensitivity;
— the date on which the calibration was carried out.
8.5.6.2 Calibration below 15 % of full scale
The analyser calibration curve shall be established by at least 10 calibration points (excluding zero) spaced so that
50 % of the calibration points are below 10 % of full scale.
The calibration curve is calculated by the method of least squares.
The calibration curve must not differ by more than + 4 % from the nominal value of each calibration point and by
more than ± 1 % of full scale at zero.
8.5.6.3 Alternative methods
If it can be shown that alternative technology (e.g. computer, electronically controlled range switch, etc.! can give
equivalent accuracy, then these alternatives may be used.
8.6 Verification of the calibration
Each normally used operating range shall be checked prior to each analysis in accordance with the following pro-
cedure.
Check the calibration by using a zero gas and a span gas whose nominal value is more than 80 % of full scale of
the measuring range.
If, for the two points considered, the value found does not differ by more than ± 4 % of full scale from the de-
clared reference value, the adjustment parameters may be modified. Should this not be the case, a new calibration
curve shall be established in accordance with 8.5.5.
8.7 Efficiency test of the NO, converter
The efficiency of the converter used for the conversion of N02 into NO is tested as given in 8.7.1 to 8.7.8 (see
figure 1).
8.7.1 Test setup
Using the test set-up as shown in figure 1 (see also 7.4.3.6) and the procedure below, the efficiency of converters
can be tested by means of an ozonator.
19
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Solenoid valve
AC
—
T
. -
I
I -
I
I
Variac
Ozonator
To analyser
no/n2
Figure 1 — Schematic representation of NOz converter efficiency device
8.7.2 Calibrator
The CLD and the HCLD shall be calibrated in the most common operating range following the manufacturer's
specifications using zero and span gas. The NO content of the span gas shall amount to about 80 % of the oper-
ating range and the N02 concentration of the gas mixture to less than 5 % of the NO concentration. The NO an-
alyser shall be in the NO mode so that the span gas does not pass through the converter. The indicated
concentration shall be recorded.
8.7.3 Calculation
The efficiency of the NOx converter is calculated as follows:
Efficiency (%) = |l +-^j) * 100
... (7)
where
a is the NO., concentration according to 8.7.6;
h is the NO, concentration according to 8.7.7;
c is the NO concentration according to 8.7.4;
d is the NO concentration according to 8.7.5.
8.7.4 Adding of oxygen
Via a T-fitting, oxygen or zero air is added continuously to the gas flow until the concentration indicated is about
20 % less than the indicated calibration concentration given in 8.7.2. (The analyser is in the NO mode.)
20
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The indicated concentration !c) shall be recorded. The ozonator is kept deactivated throughout the process.
8.7.5 Activation of the ozonator
The ozonator is now activated to generate enough ozone to bring the NO concentration down to about 20 %
(minimum 10 %) of the calibration concentration given in 8.7.2. The indicated concentration id) shall be recorded.
(The analyser is in the NO mode.}
8.7.6 NO, mode
The NO analyser is then switched to the NO, mode so that the gas mixture (consisting of NO, N02, 02 and N2J
now passes through the converter. The indicated concentration (a) shall be recorded. (The analyser is in the NO,
mode.)
8.7.7 Deactivation of the ozonator
The ozonator is now deactivated. The mixture of gases described in 8.7.6 passes through the converter into the
detector. The indicated concentration (b) shall be recorded. (The analyser is in the NOj, mode.)
8.7.8 NO mode
Switched to NO mode with the ozonator deactivated, the flow of oxygen or synthetic air is also shut off. The
NO, reading of the analyser shall not deviate by more than ± 5 % from the value measured according to 8.7.2. (The
analyser is in the NO mode.)
8.7.9 Test interval
The efficiency of the converter shall be tested prior to each calibration of the NO_, analyser.
8.7.10 Efficiency requirement
The efficiency of the converter shall not be less than 90 %, but an efficiency higher than 95 % is strongly rec-
ommended.
If, with the analyser in the most common range, the NO^ converter cannot give a reduction from 80 % to 20 %
according to 8.7.2, then the highest range which will give the reduction shall be used.
8.8 Adjustment of the FID
8.8.1 Optimization of the detector response
The FID shall be adjusted as specified by the instrument manufacturer. A propane-in-air span gas should be used
to optimize the response on the most common operating range.
With the fuel and air flow rates set at the manufacturer's recommendations, a 350 ppmC ± 75 ppmC span gas
shall be introduced into the analyser. The response at a given fuel flow shall be determined from the difference
between the span gas response and the zero gas response. The fuel flow shall be incrementally adjusted above
and below the manufacturer's specification. The span and zero response at these fuel flows shall be recorded. The
difference between the span and zero response shall be plotted and the fuel flow adjusted to the rich side of the
curve.
8.8.2 Hydrocarbon response factors
The analyser shall be calibrated using propane-in-air and purified synthetic air, according to 8.5.
Response factors shall be determined when introducing an analyser into service and after major service intervals.
The response factor {/?,) for a particular hydrocarbon species is the ratio of the FID CI reading to the gas concen-
tration in the cylinder expressed by ppmC1,
21
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The concentration of the test gas shall be at a level sufficient to give a response of approximately 80 % of full
scale. The concentration must be known to an accuracy of ± 2 % in reference to a gravimetric standard expressed
in volume. In addition, the gas cylinder shall be preconditioned for 24 hours at a temperature of 298 K ± 5 K
(25 °C ± 5 "CI,
The test gases to be used and the recommended relative response factor ranges are as follows:
Methane and purified synthetic air 1 < 1,15
Propylene and purified synthetic air 0,9< 1,1
Toluene and purified synthetic air 0,9s$tff<1,1
These values are relative to a R, of 1 for propane and purified synthetic air.
8.8.3 Oxygen interference check
The oxygen interference check shall be carried out when introducing an analyser into service and after major ser-
vice intervals.
The response factor is defined and shall be determined as described in 8.8.2. The test gas to be used and the
recommended relative response factor range are as follows:
Propane and nitrogen 0,95 < /?,< 1,05
This value is relative to a R, of 1 for propane and purified synthetic air.
The oxygen concentration of the FID burner air shall be within ± 1 mole % of the oxygen concentration of the
burner air used in the latest oxygen interference check. If the difference is greater, the oxygen interference shall
be checked and, if necessary, the analyser adjusted.
8.8.4 Methanol response factor
When the FID analyser is to be used for the analysis of hydrocarbons containing methanol, the methanol response
factor {Rm} of the analyser shall be established.
A known volume of methanol (a in millilitres) is injected, using a microlitre syringe, into the heated mixing zone
[395 K (122 'CI] of a septum injector. It is then vaporized and swept into a Tedlar bag with a known volume of
zero-grade air (b in cubic metres}. The air volume(s) shall be such that the methanol concentration in the bag is
representative of the range of concentrations found in the exhaust sample.
The bag sample is analysed using the FID, and the response factor is calculated as follows:
Rm = FID1SAM ... (8)
22
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where
RfM is the FID response factor for methanol;
FID is the FID reading in ppmC;
SAM is the methanol concentration in the sample bag in ppmC, as calculated from a and
b: SAM = 594 x alb
8.9 Interference effects with CO, C02, NO, and 02 analysers
Other than the one being analysed, gases present in the exhaust can interfere with the reading in several ways.
Positive interference occurs in NDIR and PMD instruments where the interfering gas gives rise to the same effect
as the gas being measured, but to a lesser degree. Negative interference occurs in NDIR instruments due to the
interfering gas broadening the .absorption band of the measured gas, and in CLD instruments due to the interfering
gas quenching the radiation. The interference checks in 8,9.1 and 8.9.2 shall be performed prior to an analyser's
initial use and after major service intervals.
8.9.1 CO analyser interference check
Water and C02 can interfere with the CO analyser performance. Therefore, a C02 span gas having a concentration
of 80 % to 100 % of full scale of the maximum operating range used during testing shall be bubbled through water
at room temperature and the analyser response recorded. The analyser response shall not be more than 1 % of
full scale for ranges equal to or above 300 ppm or more than 3 ppm for ranges below 300 ppm.
8.9.2 NO, analyser quench checks
The two gases of concern for CLD (and HCLDS analysers are C02 and water vapour. Quench responses to these
gases are proportional to their concentrations, and therefore require test techniques to determine the quench at
the highest expected concentrations experienced during testing.
8.9.2.1 C02 quench check
Pass a C02 span gas having a concentration of 80 % to 100 % of full scale of the maximum operating range
through the NDIR analyser and record the C02 value as A. Then dilute it approximately 50 % with NO span gas
and pass through the NDIR and (H)CLD, with the C02 and NO values recorded as B and C, respectively. Shut off
the C02 and pass only the NO span gas through the {H)CLD with the NO value recorded as D.
The quench, which shall not be greater than 3 % full scale, shall be calculated as follows:
A is the undiluted C02 concentration measured with NDIR in %;
B is the diluted C02 concentration measured with NDIR in %;
C is the diluted NO concentration measured with (H)CLD in ppm;
D is the undiluted NO concentration measured with (H)CLD in ppm.
Alternative methods of diluting and quantifying of C02 and NO span gas values, such as dynamic
mixing/blending, can be used.
% quench
x 100
... (9)
where
23
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8.9.2.2 Water quench check
This check applies to wet gas concentration measurements only. Calculation of water quench must consider di-
lution of the NO span gas with water vapour and scaling of water vapour concentration of the mixture to that ex-
pected during testing.
For a NO span gas having a concentration of BO % to 100 %, pass 0 % of full scale of the normal operating range
through the (H)CLD and record the NO value as D. Then bubble the NO span gas through water at room tem-
perature and pass through the (H)CLD and record the NO value as C. Determine the analyser's absolute operating
pressure and the water temperature and record as E and F, respectively. Determine the mixture's saturation va-
pour pressure that corresponds to the bubbler water temperature (F) and record as G. Calculate the water vapour
concentration [H, in %) of the mixture as follows;
tf=100x (G/£)
Calculate the expected diluted. NO span gas {in water vapour) concentration (D„) as follows:
D, = £> x (1 — ///TOO)
...(10)
¦ (11)
For diesel exhaust, the maximum exhaust water concentration {Hm. in %) expected during testing shall be esti-
mated, under the assumption of a fuel atom H:C ratio of 1,8:1, from the undiluted C02 span gas concentration
(A, as measured in 8.9.2.1) as follows:
Hm = 0,9 x A ...(12)
Record the De and Hm.
The water quench, which shall not be greater than 3 %, shall be calculated as follows:
% quench = 100 x [(Z)e - C)/DJ x (HJH) ... (13)
where
De is the expected diluted NO concentration in ppm;
C is the diluted NO concentration in ppm;
Hm is the maximum water vapour concentration in %;
H is the actual water vapour concentration in %.
NOTE 10 It is important that the NO span gas contain minimal N02 concentration for this check, since absorption of N02 in
water has not been accounted for in the quench calculations.
8.9.3 02 analyser interference
Instrument response of a PMD analyser caused by gases other than oxygen is comparatively slight. The oxygen
equivalents of the common exhaust gas constituents are shown in table 5.
Table 5 — Oxy
gen equivalents
Gaa
02 equivalent
%
Carbon dioxide, (C02)
- 0.623
Carbon monoxide, (CO)
-0,354
Nitric oxide, (NO)
+ 44,4
Nitrogen dioxide, (N02)
+ 28,7
Water, (H?0)
- 0,381
24
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The observed oxygen concentration shall be corrected by the following formula if high precision measurements
are to be done:
Interference = (Equivalent % 02 x Obs. conc.)/100 ... (14)
For ZRDO and ECS analysers, instrument interference caused by gases other than oxygen shall be compensated
in accordance with the instrument supplier's instructions and with good engineering practice,
8.10 Calibration intervals
The analysers shall be calibrated to 8.5 at least every 3 months or whenever a system repair or change is made
that could influence calibration.
9 Calibration of the particulate measuring system
9.1 General
Each component shall be calibrated as often as necessary to fulfill the accuracy requirements of this part of
ISO 8178. The calibration method to be used is described below for the components indicated in 7.5 and
clause 16.
9.2 Flow measurement
The calibration of gas flow meters or flow measurement instrumentation shall be traceable to international
and/or national standards.
If the gas flow is determined by differential flow measurement, the maximum error of the difference shall be such
that the accuracy of GEDFW is within ± 4 % (see also 16.1.1, exhaust gas analyser explanations given below figures
10 to 18). It can be calculated by taking the root-mean-square of the errors of each instrument.
9.3 Checking the dilution ratio
When using particulate sampling systems without an exhaust gas analyser (see 16.1.11, the dilution ratio shall be
checked for each new engine installation with the engine running and the use of either the C02 or NO_, concen-
tration measurements in the raw and dilute exhaust.
The measured dilution ratio shall be within ± 10 % of the dilution ratio calculated from C02 or NOf concentration
measurements. At systematic deviations within this range, the measured dilution ratio can be corrected, using the
calculated dilution ratio,
9.4 Checking the partial flow conditions
The range of the exhaust gas velocity and the pressure oscillations shall be checked and adjusted according to the
requirements of 16.1.1, exhaust pipe explanations given below figures 10 to 18, if applicable.
9.5 Calibration intervals
The flow measurement instrumentation shall be calibrated at least every 3 months or whenever a system repair
or change is made that could influence calibration.
10 Running conditions (test cycles)
This item is dealt with in ISO 8178-4.
25
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11 Test run
11.1 Preparation of the sampling filters
At least 1 h before the test, each pair of filters shall be placed in a closed, but unsealed, Petri dish and placed in
a weighing chamber for stabilization. At the end of the stabilization period, each pair of filters shall be weighed and
the tare weight shall be recorded. The pair of filters shall then be stored in a closed Petri dish or filter holder until
needed for testing. If the pair of filters are not used within 8 h of their removal from the weighing chamber, they
must be reweighed before use.
11.2 Installation of the measuring equipment
The instrumentation and sample probes shall be installed as required. When using a full-flow dilution system for
exhaust gas dilution, the tailpipe shall be connected to the system.
11.3 Starting the dilution system and the engine
The dilution system and the engine shall be started and warmed up until all temperatures and pressures have
stabilized at full load and rated speed (for stabilization criteria see ISO 3046-3:1989, 4.2).
11.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio
The particulate sampling system shall be started and allowed to run on by-pass for the single filter method (optional
for the multiple filter method). The particulate background level of the dilution air may be determined by passing
dilution air through the particulate filters. If filtered dilution air is used, one measurement may be done at any time
prior to, during or after the test. If the dilution air is not filtered, measurements taken at a minimum of three points
of the cycle, the beginning, the end and at a point near the middle, are required. The average of these values shall
be determined.
The dilution air shall be set to obtain a maximum filter face temperature of 325 K (52 *C) or less at each mode.
The total dilution ratio shall not be less than 4.
For C02 or NO, concentration controlled systems, the C02 or NO, content of the dilution air shall be measured
at the beginning and at the end of each test. The pre- and post-test background C02 or NO, concentration
measurements of the dilution air shall be within 100 ppm and 5 ppm of each other, respectively.
When using a dilute exhaust gas analysis system, the relevant background concentrations of the gaseous com-
ponents shall be determined by sampling dilution air into a sampling bag over the complete test sequence. Con-
tinuous (non-bag) background concentration may be taken at a minimum of three points of the cycle, the
beginning, the end and at a point near the middle and then the average value determined. At the request of the
engine manufacturer background measurements may be omitted.
11.5 Determination of test points
The settings of inlet restriction and exhaust back pressure shall be adjusted to the manufacturer's upper limits, in
accordance with 5.4 and 5,5 .
The maximum torque values at the specified test speeds shall be determined by experimentation in order to cal-
culate the torque values for the specified test modes. For engines which are not designed to operate over a speed
range on a full load torque curve, the maximum torque at the test speeds shall be declared by the manufacturer.
The engine setting for each test mode shall be calculated using the formula:
...(15)
26
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where
5 is the dynamometer setting in kilowatts;
Pm is the maximum observed or declared power at the test speed under the test conditions (specified by
the manufacturer) in kilowatts;
J°AUX is the declared total power absorbed by any auxiliaries fitted for the test and not required by annex B
in kilowatts;
L is the per cent torque specified for the test mode.
11.6 Checking of the analysers
The emission analysers shall be set at zero and spanned,
11.7 Test cycles
The test cycles are defined in ISO 8178-4. This takes into account the variations in engine size and application.
11.7.1 Test sequence
The engine shall be operated in each mode in the appropriate test cycle of ISO 8178-4.
During each mode of the test cycle after the initial transition period, the specified speed shall be held to within
+ 1 % of rated speed or ± 3 min"1 whichever is greater except for low idle which shall be within the tolerances
declared by the manufacturer. The specified torque shall be held so that the average over the period during which
the measurements are being taken is within + 2 % of the maximum torque at the test speed.
11.7.2 Analyser response
The output of the analysers shall be recorded on a strip chart recorder or measured with an equivalent data ac-
quisition system with the exhaust gas flowing through the analysers at least during the last 3 min of each mode.
If bag sampling is applied for the diluted CO and COz measurement (see 7.4.4), a sample shall be bagged during
the last 3 min of each mode, and the bag sample analysed and recorded.
11.7.3 Particulate sampling
Particulate sampling can be done by either the single filter method or the multiple filter method (see 7.5).
Since the results of the methods may differ slightly, the method used must be declared with the results.
For the single filter method the modal weighting factors specified in the test cycle procedure shall be taken into
account by taking a sample proportional to the exhaust mass flow for each mode of the cycle. This can be achieved
by adjusting sample flow rate, sampling time and/or dilution ratio, accordingly, so that the criterion for the effective
weighting factors in 14.6 is met,
Sampling shall be conducted as late as possible within each mode. The sampling time per mode must be at least
20 s for the single filter method and at least 60 s for the multiple filter method. For additional information on test
mode duration see ISO 8178-4. For systems without bypass capability, the sampling time per mode must be at
least 60 s for single and multiple filter methods.
11.7.4 Engine conditions
The engine speed and load, intake air temperature, fuel flow and air or exhaust gas flow shall be measured at each
mode once the engine has been stabilized.
27
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If the measurement of the exhaust gas flow or the measurement of combustion air and fuel consumption is not
possible, these parameters can be calculated using the carbon and oxygen balance method (see 7.2.3 and
annex A).
Any additional data required for calculation shall be recorded (see clause 12).
11.8 Re-checking the analysers
After the emission test a zero gas and the same span gas shall be used for re-checking. The test will be considered
acceptable if the difference between the two measuring results is less than 2 %.
11.9 Test report
The test report should contain the data given in ISO 8178-6,
12 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate emissions
12.1 Gaseous emissions
For the evaluation of gaseous emissions, the average chart reading of the last 60 s of each mode shall be deter-
mined, and the average concentrations (cone) of HC, CO, C02, NO^ 02, NMHC (NMC method), NH3 and CHaOH
(FID method) during each mode shall be determined from the average chart readings and the corresponding cali-
bration data. The average CO and C02 concentrations in the sampling bag, if used, shall be determined from the
bag readings and the corresponding calibration data. A different type of recording can be used if it ensures an
equivalent data acquisition.
The average background concentrations of the dilution air iconc^), if measured, shall be determined from the bag
readings of the dilution air or from the averaged continuous (non-bag) background readings and the corresponding
calibration data.
When using impinger or cartridge sampling methods for HCHO and CH3OH, the concentrations (cone) and back-
ground concentrations {conc6, if used) shall be determined from the HCHO/CH3OH quantity in the impingers or
cartridges (see 15.4, figure? and 15.5, figure8) as determined by GC and HPIC analysis, and the total sample
volumes through the impingers or cartridges.
12.2 Particulate emissions
For the evaluation of the particulates, the total sample masses (MSAMi) or volumes (VSAMi) through the filters shall
be recorded for each mode.
The filters shall be returned to the weighing chamber and conditioned for at least 1 h, but not more than 80 h and
then weighed. The gross mass of the filters shall be recorded and the tare mass (see 11.1) subtracted. The
particulate mass (M, for the single filter method; Mfi for the multiple filter method) is the sum of the particulate
masses collected on the primary and back-up filters.
If background correction is to be applied, the dilution air mass (M0(L} or volume (VD!L) through the filters and the
particulate mass (Md) shall be recorded. If more than one measurement is made, the quotient Md/MD)L or Afd/VD|L
shall be calculated for each single measurement and the average of the values determined.
13 Calculation of the gaseous emissions
The reported test results shall be determined via the steps described in 13.1 to 13.5.
13.1 Determination of the exhaust gas flow
The exhaust gas flow rate (GEXHW, F|xHw or %
-------
When using a full flow dilution system, the total dilute exhaust gas flow rate (Gt0tw< ^totw! shall be determined
for each mode according to 7,2.4.
13.2 Dry/wet correction
When applying CEXHW, VEXHW, Gt0TVV or VT0TW. if not already measured on a wet basis, the measured concentration
shall be converted to a wet basis according to the following formulae.
cone (wet) = Kw x cowc(dry) ,. . (16)
For the raw exhaust gas:
*wn = (l -*W2 ...(17)
\ "AIRD /
For values of fFH see table 7 and ISO 8178-5.
NOTE 11 Basic explanations in equations (171 to <20).
Equation (17) is to be seen as the definition of the fuel specific factor FfH.
Defined this way, Ffh is a value for the water content of the exhaust gases in relationship to the fuel to air ratio. Tabie7
(14.2.3) contains a list of FfH values for different fuels.
(n ISO 8178-5 it is shown that Fm does not only depend on the fuel specifications, but also to a lesser degree on the fuel to
air ratio of the engine.
Annex A of ISO 8178-5;— contains a formula for calculating FfH from the hydrogen content of the fuel and the fuel to air ratio.
Equation (17) considers the water from the combustion and from the intake air to be independent of each other and to be
complementary. Equation (A.45) in A.2.6 of this part of ISO 8178 shows that the two water terms are not complementary.
Equation (A.45) is the correct but very cumbersome equation, therefore the more practical equations (17) to (20) should be
used. They provide very good agreement when compared with equation (A.45). (with a deviation of < 0,2 % in most cases, see
A.2.6).
Index 1 or 2 distinguishes the different methods of calculation used.
Kwa = 1 + HTCRAT x 0,005 x [% co«cC0 (dry) + % concCOi(dry)] ~ Ksm ¦ • • (18)
I ill UHHiJ ^ VW2 /W WlSftW I
*Wei — M "™* *3nn 1 Wi • * * ('
For the diluted exhaust gas:
HTCRAT x C02 % cone (wet)
"200
or
1 (1 -Km)
Km2
1 HTCRAT x C02 % cone (dry)
1
. .. (20)
200
For the dilution air
ATWd = 1 - ATW1 ... (21)
K 1,608 x x (1 — 1 (DF) -t- x (1 IDF)]
m 1 000 + 11,608 X lHa x (1 - 1/DF) + Ht (1/0F)]} '" ' K '
6,22 x Ra x prf
Hd = —^ d Pd , ...(23)
Pb - Pd * x 10
29
-------
For the intake air (if different from the dilution)
*w. = 1 -*W2
1,608 x
fC «— ®
w~ 1 000+ (1,508 x Ha)
6,22 x x p,
... (24)
... (25)
PB ~ />a x * 10"2
... (26)
where
Ha, are the g water per kg dry air;
Rd is the relative humidity of the dilution air in percent;
Ra is the relative humidity of the intake air in percent;
pd is the saturation vapour pressure of the dilution air in kilopascals;
pe is the saturation vapour pressure of the intake air in kilopascals;
pB is the total barometric pressure in kilopascals.
NOTE 12 Formulae {17) to <20) provide a very good agreement when compared with the exact but cumbersome formulae
(A.44) and (A.45) {see annex A}.
13.3 NO, correction for humidity and temperature
As the NO, emission depends on ambient air conditions, the NO, concentration shall be corrected for ambient air
temperature and humidity with the factors given in the following formulae.
If parties involved agree, other reference values for humidity instead of 10,71 g/kg may be used and shall be re-
ported with the results.
Other correction formulae may be used if they can be justified or validated upon agreement of the parties involved.
In the following formulae Ta corresponds to the ambient air temperature at the inlet to the filter and Ha corresponds
to the ambient air humidity at the inlet to the air filter.
NOTE 13 Water or steam injected into the air charger (air humidification) is considered an emission control device and should
therefore not be taken into account for humidity correction. Water that condenses in the charge cooler will change the humidity
of the charge air and should therefore be taken into account for humidity correction.
a) For diesel engines:
*HDIES
1 + A x (W, - 10,71) + B x (ra - 298)
...(27)
where
A ~~ 0,309Gfuel/GA|Rq 0,026 6;
B = - 0,209GFUEL/GAJRO + 0,009 54;
r8 is the temperature of the air in K;
Ha is the humidity of the intake air in g water per kg dry air;
6,22 x if, x p(
PB~Pax*a* 10'2
30
-------
where
Ra is the relative humidity of the intake air in percent;
pa is the saturation vapour pressure of the intake air in kilopaseals;
pB is the total barometric pressure in kilopaseals.
b) For diesel engines with intermediate air cooler the following alternative equation may be used
K ]
HDIES 1 - 0,012 x (//, - 10,71) - 0,002 75 x (Ta - 298) + 0,002 85 x (7"sc - Tscm)
where
rsc is the temperature of the intercooled air;
7SCR8f is the intercooled air reference temperature — to be specified by the manufacturer. For an expla-
nation of the other variables, see under a).
c) For gasoline engines:
/CHPET = 0,627 2 -
For an explanation of the variables, see under a
/CHP£T = 0,627 2 + 44,030 x 10" 3 * H3 - 0,862 x 10~ 3 x H2, ... (29)
13.4 Calculation of the emission mass flow rate
The emission mass flow rates for each mode shall be calculated as follows:
a) For the raw exhaust gas:
^gas = " x conc x Gexhvv ... (30)
or
^GAS = v x conc x yEXHD ...(31)
or
A*GAS = w x conc x VEXHW • • • (32)
b) For the dilute exhaust gas:
Mqas = # x C0fKc *
-------
where
concc is the background corrected concentration
concc = cone - concd x [1 - (1/DF)] . ., (35)
DF = 13,4/[conccos + (ctwccq + co/icHC) x 10" *] ... (36)
or
DF — 13,4/concCOj . . . (37)
The values of coefficients u, for mass flow rate (wet), v, for volume flow rate (dry) and w, for volume flow rate (wet)
are given in table 6.
Table 6 — Coefficients u, v. w
Gas
v 11
Concentration
NO,
0,001 587
0,002 053
0,002 053
ppm
CO
0,000 966
0,001 25
0,001 25
ppm
HC 2>
0,000 479
—
0,000 619
ppm
C02
15,19
19,64
19,64
%
02
11,05
14,29
14,29
%
nh3
0,000 597
0,000 771
0,000 771
ppm
ch4
0,000 555
0,000 717
0,000 717
ppm
HCHO
0,001 037
0,001 341
0,001 341
ppm
CHjOH
0,001 106
0,001 430
0,001 430
ppm
NOTE — NMC cutter method see annex C.
1) The given coefficients u. v. w are calculated for 273,15 K (0 *C) and 101,3 kPa (see
annex D), In cases where the total allowed range of the reference conditions according
to 5.2 is used, and error with 2 % is possible,
2) The density of HC is based upon an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1,85.
13.5 Calculation of the specific emissions
The emission shall be calculated for all individual components in the following way.
L__f
X^GASi *
GASx » _ (38)
i» 1
where
— Pml + 'aUX/ ... (39)
and
MGASi is the mass of individual gas
32
-------
The weighting factors and the number of modes in) used in the above calculation are according to the provisions
of ISO 8178-4.
14 Calculation of the particulate emission
The particulate emission shall be calculated in the following way.
14.1 Particulate correction factors
14.1.1 Particulate correction factor for humidity
As the particulate emission of diesel engines depends on ambient air conditions, the particulate concentration shall
be corrected for ambient air humidity with the factor KP given in the following formulae.
Reference values for humidity other than 10,71 g/kg may be used and shall be reported with the results by
agreement within the parties involved.
Other correction formulae may be used if they can be justified or validated.
KP= 1/[1 +0,013 3 x (Ht - 10.71)3
•(40)
H6 is the humidity of the intake air in g water per kg dry air. Ha = (6,22 x RB x pa)l(pB - pB x Ra x 10 see
also equation (26};
Ra is the relative humidity of the intake air in percent;
pa is the saturation vapour pressure of the intake air in kilopascals;
pB is the total barometric pressure in kilopascals.
14.1.2 Particulate correction factor for different /8 conditions
For engine type approval (certification}, the atmospheric factor/8 shall be within a band of 0,98 and 1,02 (see
5.2.2). This requirement is especially important for particulates, since the particulate emission is largely dependent
on the atmospheric conditions. If/„ lies within a band of 0,93 and 1,07, particulates shall be corrected forf3 with
the factor given in the following formulae. However, no correction is allowed in the 0,98 to 1,02 band.
For EAF < 3
4,375 x
EAF,
raf
0,275 +0.154
"V* ¦
4,375 x
-=7=- — 0,275) +0,154
EAF j
(41)
For EAF> 3
K,
*
_L
/.
(42)
where
EAFmi = EAF * fa
.(43)
Other correction factors may be used and shall be reported with the results upon agreement of the parties in-
volved.
33
-------
14.2 Partial flow dilution system
The final reported test results of the particulate emission shall be determined via the following steps. Since various
types of dilution rate control may be used, different calculation methods for GEDFW or VEDFW apply. All calculations
shall be based upon the average values of the individual modes during the sampling period.
142.1 Isokinetic systems
See 16.1.1, figures 10 and 11.
gedfw< = Gexhw; x 4> • (44)
or
^EDFVW " ^EXHW, x % • • • (45)
with
GDILW, + {^EXHW/ * r)
% = a — • • • (46)
°exhw; x r
or
_ ^OILW, + (^EXHWJ x r)
' VEXHWi x r
..¦(47)
where r corresponds to the ratio of the cross sectional areas of the isokinetic probe and the exhaust pipe:
...(48)
14.2.2 Systems with measurement of C02 or NO, concentration
See 16.1.1, figures 12, 14 to 16.
For GEDFWi and VEDFVW use equations (44) and (45).
concy-cone*
concDi - concN * ' •(HS'
where
concE is the wet concentration of the tracer gas in raw exhaust;
concD is the wet concentration of the tracer gas in the diluted exhaust;
concn is the wet concentration of the tracer gas in the dilution air.
Concentrations measured on a dry basis shall be converted to a wet basis according to 13.2.
14.2.3 Systems with C02 measurement and carbon balance method
See 16.1.1, figure 13.
r Ffcb x CFUEU
£ofw/ - conc{COj)Dl - conc(C0,)Ai ... (50)
where
conC(£ojQ is the C02 concentration of the diluted exhaust;
conc(Co,)A IS "the C02 concentration of the dilution air.
34
-------
Concentrations are in volume per cent on wet basis.
For values for FfCB, see table 7. For the calculation of fFCB from other fuels, see ISO 8178-5, annex A.
This equation is based upon the carbon balance assumption (carbon atoms supplied to the engine are emitted as
C02! and determined via equation (44) and the following equation;
Ffcb x GFueL>
q — . ¦ » )
^exhvw x [conc(co,)Df ~ co,,c(C02)AiJ
Table
7 — pfCS
arid other parameters for some selected fuels (examples)
Fuel
C
%
H
%
S
%
0
%
EAF
fm
Ffw
Ffo
Ffcb
Relative
density of
exhaust gas
on a wet
basis
BET1'
ALF1'
GAM1'
EPS1'
Diesel
86,2
13,6
0,17
0
1
1,35
3,5
1,835
1,865
1,920
0,749
- 0,767
206,5
1.294
1,293
1,292
RME
77,2
12,0
10,8
1
1,35
3,5
1,600
1,63
1,685
0,734
- 0,599
185
1,296
1.295
1,292
Methanol
37,5
12,6
0
50,0
1
1,35
3,5
1,495
1,565
1,705
1,046
- 0.354
89,9
1,233
1,246
1,272
Ethanol
52,1
13,1
0
34,7
1
1,35
3,5
1,65
1,704
1,807
0,965
-- 0,49
124,9
1,26
1,265
1,281
Natural gas*'
60,6
19,3
0
1,9
1
1,35
3,5
2,509
2,572
2,689
1,078
- 1,065
145,2
1,257
1,265
1,28
Propane
81.7
18,3
0
0
1
1,35
3,5
2,423
2,473
2,564
1,007
- 1,025
195,8
1,268
1,273
1,284
Buthane
82,7
17,3
0
0
1
1,35
3,5
2,298
2,343
2,426
0,952
- 0,97
198,2
1,273
1,277
1,285
1) See annex A.
2) Volumetric composition: C02 1,10%; N2 12,1 %; CH4 84,2 %; C2HS 3,42%; C3H8 0,66%; C^H,0 0,22%; C5H,2
0,05 %; CeHu 0,05 %.
14.2.4 Systems with flow measurement
See 16.1.1, figures 17 and 18.
For CEDFW( see equation (44).
«-0 ...(52)
uTOTWi ™ ^DILWi
-------
14.3 Full flow dilution system
The reported test results of the particulate emission shall be determined via the following steps.
All calculations shall be based upon the average values of the individual modes during the sampling period.
Gedfw = ®roTm ¦ • ¦ (53)
or
^EDRAtt = ^TOTWi . - • (54)
14.4 Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate
The particulate mass flow rate shall be calculated as follows.
For the single filter method
Mt Gen cuv
mass = MsU X 1 000 ' • •(55)
or
PT - y Vedfw
m8SS_ VSAM 1 000
where
gedfw = JjHw x ^'f, • • (57)
/-1
i m n
v,
EDFW
= Y?*™ x • • • (58)
/ -1
i" n
^SAM - . . . (59)
I m n
^SAM *= y.VsAM,- . .. (60)
»-1
/ = 1, ... n
For the multiple filter method
Mi geppa
1 000
PT = M»' x CEPW' ,R1,
' imassf M i nfifi • • • («')
or
Mts VenBUUF
TX 1 000 ...(62)
i" = 1, ... n
PTma%3's determined over the test cycle by summation of the average values of the individual modes during the
sampling period.
The particulate mass flow rate may be background corrected (see 11,4) as follows.
36
-------
For the single filter method
PT,
mass
M<
or
PT
* * t
mass
SAM
^SAM
MD|L \ DF
^DIL
¦X 1
1
£>F
For the multiple filter method
1 Mu
PT,
mass/'
M
or
PT,
massi '
SAM/
Mf,
ksam /
i^x /-i __L\
Moil I £F /
^-xfl 1
''OIL
DF
"EDFVtf
1 000
EDFW
1 000
"EPFW;
1 000
kE0FW,'
. . (63)
...(64)
. . . (65)
1 000 • • • (66)
where
DF = 13,4/|«>«cCOj + (concC0 + concHC) x 10"4J
or
DF = 13,4/concco,
Cf. equations (36) and (37).
swSlyan °"e mea$'Jren1en, is made' OVUm) or IMJVai) shall be replaced with (M^J or re-
14,5 Calculation of the specific emissions
The particulate emission shall be calculated in the following way.
For the single filter method
PT
1 * ft*
PT = —
1 mass
^ ...(67)
XF< x
For the multiple filter method
f» it
J/7™"'x Wp;
PT = -i-zl
...(68)
HPI*WK
I W 1
where
= 'm/ + ^AUXi
Cf. equation (39).
37
-------
14.6 Effective weighting factor
For the single filter method, the effective weighting factor for each mode shall be calculated in the following
way.
= ^am^Gedfw . . . (69)
™SAM x "EDFWi
or
w SEE. ...(70)
^SAM x ^EDFWi
i » 1, ... «
The value of the effective weighting factors shall be within + 0,005 (absolute value) of the weighting factors listed
in ISO 8178-4.
15 Determination of the gaseous emissions
15.1 to 15.5 and figures 2 to 9 contain detailed descriptions of the recommended sampling and analysing systems.
Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, exact conformance with these figures is not required.
Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches may be used to provide ad-
ditional information and coordinate the function of the component systems. Other components, which are not
needed to maintain the accuracy on certain systems, may be excluded if their exclusion is based upon good en-
gineering judgement,
15.1 Main exhaust components CO, CO2, HC, NO,, O2
An analytical system for the determination of the gaseous emissions in the raw or diluted exhaust gas is described
based on the use of:
— HFID for the measurement of hydrocarbons;
— NDIRs for the measurement of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;
— HCLD or equivalent for the measurement of nitrogen oxides;
— PMD, ECS or ZRDO for the measurement of oxygen.
For the raw exhaust gas (see figure 2), the sample for all components may be taken with one sampling probe or
with two sampling probes located in close proximity and internally split to the different analysers. Care must be
taken that no condensation of exhaust components (including water and sulfuric acid) occurs at any point of the
analytical system.
For the diluted exhaust gas (see figure 3), the sample for the hydrocarbons shall be taken with sampling probe
other than that used with the sample for the other components. Care must be taken that no condensation of ex-
haust components (including water and sulfuric acid) occurs at any point of the analytical system.
38
-------
Optional
-------
o
Z!
DT (see
figure 19)
To PSS
(see figure 20)
CO
8K
-n
HSL1
HSL1
Same plane
(see figure 20)
T2 Zero gas
a
SP2
¦O Vent
Zero gas
Span gas
i
R2
SP3
¦C> Vent
i
FL1
Fuel
Air
VU
BK
BG
Vent
HSL2
Zero gas
FL5
Vent
Zero gas
V9
V11
V4
Vent
Span gas
Zero gas
FL4 ;
NO
FL6
V7
V0
V10
Span gas
V13 V12
VS
R4
l
Span gas
Vent
Vent
FL3
FL2
Z
-------
Components of figures 2 and 3
Genera!
All components in the sampling gas path must be maintained at the temperatures specified for the respective
systems.
SP1 — raw exhaust gas sampling probe (figure 2 only)
A stainless steel, straight, closed-end, multi-hole probe is recommended. The inside diameter shall not be greater
than the inside diameter of the sampling line. The wall thickness of the probe shall not be greater than 1 mm.
There shall be a minimum of 3 holes in 3 different radial planes sized to sample approximately the same flow. The
probe must extend across at least 80 % of the diameter of the exhaust pipe.
SP2 — dilute exhaust gas HC sampling probe (figure 3 only)
The probe shall:
— be defined as the first 254 mm to 762 mm of the heated sampling line HSL1;
— have a 5 mm minimum inside diameter;
— be installed in the dilution tunnel DT (see 16.1.2, figure 19} at a point where the dilution air and exhaust gas
are well mixed (i.e. approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the exhaust enters the
dilution tunnel);
— be sufficiently distant (radially) from other probes and the tunnel wall so as to be free from the influence of any
wakes or eddies;
— be heated so as to increase the gas stream temperature to 463 K ± 10 K (190 "C + 10 °C) at the exit of the
probe, or to 385 K + 10 K (112 °C ± 10 °C) for methanol-fuelled engines.
SP3 — dilute exhaust gas CO, C02, NO, sampling probe (figure 3 only)
The probe shall:
— be in the same plane as SP2;
— be sufficiently distant (radially) from other probes and the tunnel wall so as to be free from the influence of any
wakes or eddies;
— be heated and insulated over its entire length to a minimum temperature of 328 K (55 °C} to prevent water
condensation.
HSL1 — heated sampling line
The sampling line provides a gas sample from a single probe to the split point(s) and the HC analyser.
The sampling line shall:
— have a 5 mm minimum and a 13,5 mm maximum inside diameter;
— be made of stainless steel or PTFE.
a) For non-methanoi-fuelled engines
If the temperature of the exhaust gas at the sampling probe is equal to or below 463 K (190 *Q, maintain a
wall temperature of 463 K ± 10 K (190 *C ± 10 "Q as measured at every separately controlled heated section.
If the temperature of the exhaust gas at the sampling probe is above 463 K (190 *C), maintain a wall tem-
perature greater than 453 K (180 *C).
-------
Immediately before the heated filter F2 arid the HFID, maintain a gas temperature of 463 K ± 10 K
(190 *C + 10 *C).
b) For methanol-fuelled engines
If the temperature of the exhaust gas at the sampling probe is equal to or below 385 K (112 °C), maintain a
wall temperature of 385 K ± 10 K (112 °C + 10 °C) as measured at every separately controlled heated section.
If the temperature of the exhaust gas at the sampling probe is above 385 K (112 °C), maintain a wall tem-
perature greater than 375 K (102 °C).
Immediately before the heated filter F2 and the HFID, maintain a gas temperature of 385 K + 10 K
(112 °C ± 10 *C).
HSL2 — heated NO, {and NH3) sampling line
The sampling line shall:
— maintain a wall temperature of 328 K to 473 K {55 °C to 200 *C), up to the converter C when using a cooling
bath B, and up to the analyser when a cooling bath B is not used;
— be made of stainless steel or PTFE.
Since the sampling line need only be heated to prevent condensation of water and sulfuric acid, the sampling line
temperature will depend on the sulfur content of the fuel.
SL — sampling line for CO, |C02, 02)
The line shall be made of PTFE or stainless steel. It may be heated or unheated.
BK — background bag (optional; figure 3 only)
For the measurement of the background concentrations.
BG — sample bag (optional; figure3 CO and C02 only)
For the measurement of the sample concentrations.
F1 — heated pre-filter (optional)
The temperature shall be the same as HSL1.
F2 — heated filter
The filter shall extract any solid particles from the gas sample before the analyser. The temperature shall be the
same as HSL1. The filter shall be changed as needed.
P — heated sampling pump
The pump shall be heated to the temperature of HSL1.
HC
Heated flame ionization detector (HFID) for the determination of the hydrocarbons. The temperature shall be kept
at 453 K to 473 K (180 "C to 200 *C) for non-methanol-fuelled engines, and at 375 K to 395 K (102 *C to 122 "CS
for methanol-fuelled engines.
CO, co2
NDIRs for the determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
42
-------
NO
CLD or HCLD for the determination of the oxides of nitrogen. If a HCLD is used it shall be kept at a temperature
of 328 K to 473 K (55 "C to 200 *C).
C — converter
A converter shall be used for the catalytic reduction of N02 to NO prior to analysis in the CLD or HCLD.
02
PMD. ZRDO or ECS for the determination of oxygen.
B — cooling bath (optional)
To cool and condense water from the exhaust sample. The bath shall be maintained at a temperature of 273 K to
277 K {0 °C to 4 *C) by ice or refrigerator. It is optional if the analyser is free from water vapour interference as
determined in 8.9.1 and 8.9.2. If water is removed by condensation, the sample gas temperature or dew point shall
be monitored either within the water trap or downstream. The sample gas temperature or dew point shall not
exceed 280 K (7 °C). Chemical dryers are not allowed for removing water from the sample.
T1, T2, T3 — temperature sensors
To monitor the temperature of the gas stream.
T4 — temperature sensor
To monitor the temperature of the N02 * NO converter,
T5 — temperature sensor
To monitor the temperature of the cooling bath.
G1, G2, G3 — pressure gauges
To measure the pressure in the sampling lines.
R1» R2 — pressure regulators
To control the pressure of the air and the fuel, respectively, for the HFID,
R3, R4, R5 — pressure regulators
To control the pressure in the sampling lines and the flow to the analysers.
FL1, FL2, FL3 — flowmeters
To monitor the sample by-pass flow rate,
FL4, FL5, FL6, FL7 — flowmeters (optional}
To monitor the flow rate through the analysers.
VI. V2» V3, V4, V5, V6 — selector valves
Suitable valving for selecting sample, span gas or air gas flow to the analysers.
V7» V8 — solenoid valve
To by-pass the N02 - NO converter.
V9 — needle valve
To balance the flow through the N02 - NO converter, C and the by-pass.
43
-------
V10, V11 — needle valves
To regulate the flow to the analysers.
V12, V13 — toggle valves
To drain the condensate from the bath B.
VI4 — selector valve (figures only)
For selecting the sample or background bag,
15.2 Ammonia analysis
In cases where ammonia (NH3) is present in the exhaust gas (for instance from NH3 sources in SCR — Selective
Catalytic Reduction — equipment), the high-temperature converter oxidizes NH3 to NO and the measured value
"C" (see figure4) is the sum of NH3 and NO,. The low-temperature converter does not oxidize NH3 but reduces
N02 to NO, The measured value "A" (see figure 4) is NO,. The difference between C and A corresponds to the
NH3 value. The system can be integrated into the analytical system described in 15.1, figures 2 and 3, by simply
adding a second converter and two 3-way valves V2 and V5 (figure 4) for flow diversion into the sampling line
HSL2. The selector valve V1 of figure 4 is identical with the selector valve V3 in figures 2 and 3.
GO
IT" Vent
HSL2 {see !
figures 2 and 3!
700 *c —r><3—
V4
Sample gas
HS12 (see
figures 2 and 3)
Zero
¦OTo analyser
Span gas
V9 V10
300 *C
V7
C2
I A j « MO, measurement
I 8 I « NO measurement I A I - I B I *N02 content
m • No, • NH3 measurement QO - [JJ * NHj content
Figure 4 — Row diagram of a converter system for NOJNH3 measurement
AA
-------
Components of figure 4
C1 — high-temperature converter
The temperature of C1 shall be kept at 953 K to 993 K (680 °C to 720 *C).
C2 — low-temperature converter
The temperature of C2 shall be kept at 553 K to 593 K (280 °C to 320 °C).
B — cooling bath (optional)
To cool and condense water from the exhaust sample. The bath shall be maintained at a temperature of 273 K to
277 K {0 °C to 4 *C) by ice or refrigeration. It is optional if the analyser is free from water vapour interference as
determined in 8.9.1 and 8.9.2. Chemical dryers are not allowed for removing water from the sample.
V1 — selector valve
To select sample, zero and span gas. V1 is identical with V3 in figures 2 and 3.
V2, V3, V4, V5 — solenoid valves
To direct the flow to the converters C1 and C2 and the by-pass.
V6, V7, V8 — needle valves
To balance the flow through the converters CI and C2 and the by-pass.
V9, V10 — toggle valves
To drain the condensate from the bath B.
R1 — pressure regulator
To control the pressure in the sampling line and the flow to the analyser. Rl is identical with R4 in
figures 2 and 3.
15.3 Methane analysis
The methane (CH4) analysis can be done in two ways,
15.3.1 Gas chromatographic (GC) method (figure 5)
For details of this method see SAE J 1151.
When using the GC method, a small measured volume of a sample is injected into an analytical column through
which it is swept by an inert carrier gas. The column separates various components according to the'tr boiling
points so that they elute from the column at different times. They then pass through a detector which gives an
electrical signal that depends on their concentration. This is not a continuous analysis technique.
For CH4 an automated GC with a FID shall be used. The exhaust gas is sampled into a sampling bag from which
a part is taken and injected into the GC. The sample is separated into two parts (CH4/air/C0 and NMHC/C02/
H20) on the Porapak column. The molecular sieve column separates CH4 from the air and CO before passing it to
the FID. A complete cycle from injection of one sample to injection of a second can be made in 30 s.
Figure 5 shows a typical GC assembled to routinely determine CH4,
Other GC methods can also be used based on good engineering judgement.
45
-------
;io
Fuel inlet
V2
MSC
r 1
SIP
Air inlet
Verif
V6
! OV
FL1
Sample
IV5
V?
va
Vent Vent
Span gas t>
Figure 5 — Flow diagram for methane analysis (GC method)
Components of figure 5
PC — porapak column
Porapak N, 180/300 jim (50/80 mesh), 610 mm length x 2,16 mm ID shall be used and conditioned at least
12 h at 423 K (150 °Q with carrier gas prior to initial use.
MSC — molecular sieve column
Type 13X, 250/350 nm (45/60 mesh), 1 220 mm length x 2,16 mm ID shall be used and conditioned at least
12 h at 423 K (150 "C) with carrier gas prior to initial use,
OV — oven
To maintain columns and vaives at a stable temperature for analyser operation, and to condition the columns at
423 K (150 -C).
SUP — sample loop
A sufficient length of stainless steel tubing to obtain approximately 1 cm3 volume.
F — pump
To bring the sample to the gas chromatograph.
46
-------
D — dryer
To remove water and other contaminants which might be present in the carrier gas; contains a molecular sieve.
HC — flame ionization detector (FID)
To measure the concentration of methane.
V1 — sample injection valve
To inject the sample. It shall be low dead volume, gas tight, and heatable to 423 K (150 °Q.
V3 — selector valve
To select span gas, sample or no flow.
V2, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 — needle valves
To set the flows in the system.
R1, R2, R3 — pressure regulators
To control the flow rate of the fuel (= carrier gas), the sample and the air, respectively.
FC — flow capillary
To control the rate of air flow to the FID.
G1, G2, G3 — pressure gauges
To monitor the flow of the fuel (carrier gas), the sample and the air, respectively.
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 — filters
Sintered metal filters to prevent grit from entering the pump or the instrument.
FL1 — flowmeter
To measure the sample by-pass flow rate.
15.3.2 Non-methane cutter (NMC) method {figure 6)
The cutter oxidizes all hydrocarbons except CH4 to CH2 and H20, so that by passing the sample through the NMC
only CH4 is detected by the HFID, The usual HC sampling train (see 15.1, figures 2 and 3) shall be equipped with
a flow diverter system with which the flow can be alternatively passed through or around the cutter. During non-
methane testing, both values shall be observed on the FID and recorded.
The cutter shall be characterized at or above 600 K (327 *C) prior to test wort: with respect to its catalytic effect
on CH4 and CH2H6 at H20 values representative of exhaust stream conditions. The dewpoint and 02 level of the
sampled exhaust stream shall be known. The non-methane fraction shall not be evaluated for previously collected
(bagged) samples. The relative response of the FID to CH4 shall be recorded (see annex C).
47
-------
O Vent
FL1
Zero
Span gas
nmc
Sample
figures 2 and 3)
Figure 6 — Row diagram for methane analysis (NMC method)
Components of figures
NMC — non-methane cutter
To oxidize all hydrocarbons except methane.
HC
Heated flame ionization detector (HFID) to measure the HC and CH4 concentrations. The temperature shall be kept
at 453 K to 473 K (180 "C to 200 °C).
VI — selector valve
To select sample, zero and span gas. V1 is identical with V2 in figures 2 and 3.
V2, V3 — solenoid valves
To by-pass the NMC.
V4 — needle valve
To balance the flow through the NMC and the by-pass.
R1 — pressure regulator
To control the pressure in the sampling line and the flow to the HFID. R1 is identical with R3 in figures 2 and 3.
FL1 — flowmeter
To measure the sample by-pass flow rate. FL1 is identical with FL1 in figures 2 and 3.
48
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15.4 Methanol analysis
The GC method (see figure 7).
The exhaust sample is passed through two ice-cooied impirigers placed in series containing deionized water.
Sampling time and flow rate shall be such that a recommended CH3OH concentration of at least 1 mg/l be reached
in the primary impinger. The CH3OH concentration in the second impinger shall not be more than 10 % of the total
amount collected. These requirements do not apply to background measurements.
A sample from the impingers is injected into the GC preferably riot later than 24 hours after the test. If it is not
possible to perform the analysis within 24 hours the sample should be stored in a dark cold environment of
277 K to 283 K (4 "C to 10 *C! until analysis. CH3OH is separated from the order components and detected with
a FID. The GC is calibrated with known amounts of CH3OH standards.
15.5 Formaldehyde analysis
See figure 8.
For details see SAE J 1936,
In the HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph) a small measured volume of the sample is injected into an
analytical column through which it is swept by an inert liquid under pressure. Separation, elution and detection of
the components follow the same general rules as with the GC. Like the GC, it is not a continuous analysis tech-
nique.
The exhaust sample is passed through two ice-cooled impingers placed in series containing an ACN solution of
DNPH reagent or through a silica cartridge coated with 2,4-DNPH. A HCHO concentration in the collectors of at
least 1 mg/l is recommended.
A sample from the collector is injected into the HPLC preferably not later than 24 hours after the test. If it is not
possible to perform the analysis within 24 hours the sample should be stored in a dark, cold environment of
277 K to 283 K (4 °C to 10 °C) until analysis. HCHO is separated from the other carbonyl components by gradient
elution (figure 9) and detected with an UV detector at 365 mm. The HPLC is calibrated with standards of
HCHO-DNPH derivatives.
Exhaust pipe or
dilution tunnel
FM
V2
HSl
Figure 7 — Flow diagram for methanol analysis
49
-------
Exhaust pipe or
dilution tunnel
FM
¦Hi.
V2
HSl
Figure 8 — Flow diagram for formaldehyde analysis
Components of figures 7 and 8
SP — sampling probe
For the raw exhaust gas, a stainless steel, straight, closed-end, multi-hole probe is recommended. The inside di-
ameter shall not be greater than the inside diameter of the sampling line. The wall thickness of the probe shall
not be greater than 1 mm. There shall be a minimum of 3 holes in 3 different radial planes sized to sample ap-
proximately the same flow. The probe must extend across at least 80 % of the diameter of the exhaust pipe. The
probe shall be fitted close to the HC/C0/N0I/C02/02 sampling probe as defined in 7.4.4.
For the diluted exhaust gas, the probe shall be in the same plane of the dilution tunnel DT (see 16.1.2, figure 19}
as the HC, CO/NO,/C02 and particulate sampling probes, but sufficiently distant from other probes and the tunne!
wall to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies.
HSL — heated sampling line
¥
The temperature of the HSL shall be between the maximum dewpoint of the mixture and 394 K {121 °C). Heating
of the HSL may be omitted, provided the sample collection system (IP) be close coupled to the SP thereby pre-
venting loss of sample due to cooling and resulting condensation in the HSL.
IP _ impinger (optional for formaldehyde)
To collect the methanol or formaldehyde in the sample. The impingers should be cooled with ice or a refrigeration
unit.
CA — cartridge collector (formaldehyde only; optional)
To collect the formaldehyde in the sample.
B — cooling bath
To cool the impingers.
D — dryer (optional)
To remove water from the sample.
P — sampling pump
VI — solenoid valve
To direct the sample to the collection system.
SO
-------
V2 — needle valve
To regulate the sample flow through the collection system,
T1 — temperature sensor
To monitor the temperature of the cooling bath.
72 — temperature sensor (optional)
To monitor the temperature of the sample.
FL — flowmeter (optional)
To measure the sample flow rate through the collection system.
FM — flow measurement device
Gas meter or other flow instrumentation to measure the flow through the collection system during the sampling
period.
Time
min
Solvant gradient
concentration
%WV)
flow rate
ml/min
Start
Stop
67ACN ~ 33H70
0,7
67ACN . 33H,0
Gradient to
as acn
Gradient to
100 ACN
100 ACN
Reverse gradient to
6?ACN ~ 33H,0
HPLC analysis
Preparation'
Sampling
1) 0NPH solutions standard.
2) HPLC 4,6 mm * 250 mm column 5 m Zorbax 0DS; 4,135 MPa (initial);
UV 365 nm. sensitivity 0,2 AUFS.
Figure 9 — Schematic representation of formaldehyde gradient elution
51
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16 Determination of the particulates
16.1 and 16.2 and figures 10 to 21 contain detailed descriptions of the recommended dilution and sampling sys-
tems. Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, exact conformance with these figures is not
required. Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches may be used to
provide additional information and coordinate the functions of the component systems. Other components, which
are not needed to maintain the accuracy on certain systems, may be excluded if their exclusion is based upon good
engineering judgment.
16.1 Dilution system
16.1.1 Partial flow dilution system (figures 10 to 181
A dilution system is described based upon the dilution of a part of the exhaust stream. Splitting of the exhaust
stream and the following dilution process may be done by different dilution system types. For subsequent col-
lection of the particulates, the entire dilute exhaust gas or only a portion of the dilute exhaust gas is passed to the
particulate sampling system {see 16.2, figure 20}. The first method is referred to as total sampling type, the second
method as fractional sampling type.
The calculation of the dilution ratio depends upon the type of system used. The following types are recommended,
isokinetic systems (figures 10 and 11)
With these systems, the flow into the transfer tube is matched with the bulk exhaust flow in terms of gas velocity
and/or pressure, thus requiring an undisturbed and uniform exhaust flow at the sampling probe. This is usually
achieved by using a resonator and a straight approach tube upstream of the sampling point. The split ratio is then
calculated from easily measurable values such as tube diameters. It should be noted that isokinesis is only used
for matching the flow conditions and not for matching the size distribution. The latter is not typically necessary,
as the particle dimension is small such that the particles follow the fluid streamlines.
Flow controlled systems with concentration measurement (figures 12 to 16)
With these systems, a sample is taken from the bulk exhaust stream by adjusting the dilution air flow and the total
dilute exhaust flow. The dilution ratio is determined from the concentrations of tracer gases, such as COz or
NO,, naturally occurring in the engine exhaust. The concentrations in the dilute exhaust gas and in the dilution air
are measured, whereas the concentration in the raw exhaust gas can be either measured directly or determined
from fuel flow and the carbon balance equation, if the fuel composition is known. The systems may be controlled
by the calculated dilution ratio (figures 12 and 13) or by the flow into the transfer tube {figures 14 to 16S.
Flow controlled systems with flow measurement (figures 17 and 18)
With these systems, a sample is taken from the bulk exhaust stream by setting the dilution air flow and the total
dilute exhaust flow. The dilution ratio is determined from the difference of the two flow rates. Accurate calibration
of the flow-meters relative to one another is required, since the relative magnitude of the two flow rates can lead
to significant errors at higher dilution ratios {of 15 and above). Flow control is very straightforward and is main-
tained by keeping the dilute exhaust flow rate constant and varying the dilution air flow rate, if needed.
NOTE 14 Partial flow dilution systems are recommended not only because they are more cost effective than full flow dilution
systems, but also because of the impossibility of realising full flow dilution for "medium and large" engine testing on the test
bed and at site, and because of site constraints for other engines.
In order to realise the advantages of partial flow dilution systems attention must be paid to avoiding the potential problems of
loss of particulates in the transfer tube, ensuring that a representative sample is taken from the engine exhaust and determi-
nation of the split ratio.
The systems described take into account these critical areas.
52
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I =» 10£f
OAF
Air
—
PIT
(see figure 20
To particulate
sampling system
r
Q-o
Vent
Exhaust
Figure 10 — Partial flow dilution system with isokinetic probe and fractional sampling (SB control)
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the isokinetic sampling
probe ISP and the transfer tube TT, The differential pressure of the exhaust gas between exhaust pipe and inlet
to the probe is measured with the pressure transducer DPT. This signal is transmitted to the flow controller FC1
that controls the suction blower SB to maintain a differential pressure of zero at the tip of the probe. Under these
conditions, exhaust gas velocities in EP and ISP are identical, and the flow through ISP and TT is a constant fraction
(split) of the exhaust gas flow. The split ratio is determined from the cross sectional areas of EP and ISP, The di-
lution air flow rate is measured with the flow measurement device FM1, The dilution ratio is calculated from the
dilution air flow rate and the split ratio.
-------
I > lOtf
FM1
OAF
Air O"'-
PSP
DT
PTT
(see figure 20!
To particulate
sampling system
ISP
DPT
FC1
Exhaust
Figure 11 — Partial flow dilution system with isokinetic probe and fractional sampling (PB control)
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the isokinetic sampling
probe ISP and the transfer tube TT. The differential pressure of the exhaust gas between exhaust pipe and inlet
to the probe is measured with the pressure transducer DPT. This signal is transmitted to the flow controller FC1
that controls the pressure blower SB to maintain a differential pressure of zero at the tip of the probe. This is done
by taking a small fraction of the dilution air whose flow rate has already been measured with the flow measure-
ment device FM1, and feeding it to TT by means of a pneumatic orifice. Under these conditions, exhaust gas ve-
locities in EP and ISP are identical, and the flow through ISP and TT is a constant fraction (split) of the exhaust gas
flow. The split ratio is determined from the cross sectional areas of EP and ISP. The dilution air is sucked through
DT by the suction blower SB, and the flow rate is measured with FM1 at the inlet to DT. The dilution ratio is cal-
culated from the dilution air flow rate and the split ratio.
54
-------
Optional
to PB or SB
Air
c—(3)—O
/ »¦10 a
PTT
isee figure 20!
r
To particulate
sampling system
Vent
Exhaust
Figure 12 — Partial flow dilution system with C02 or NO, concentration measurement and fractional
sampling
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the sampling probe
SP and the transfer tube TT, The concentrations of a tracer gas (C02 or NO,) are measured in the raw and diluted
exhaust gases as well as in the dilution air using the exhaust gas analyser(s) EGA. These signals are transmitted
to the flow controller FC2 that controls either the pressure blower PB or the suction blower SB to maintain the
desired exhaust split and dilution ratio in DT. The dilution ratio is calculated from the tracer gas concentrations in
the raw exhaust gas, the diluted exhaust gas and the dilution air.
m
-------
Optional to P
Air t>
: PSS
r
(For details, see figure 20
Exhaust
Figure 13 — Partial flow dilution system with C02 concentration measurement, carbon balance and total
sampling
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the sampling probe
SP and the transfer tube TT. The C02 concentrations are measured in the diluted exhaust gas and in the dilution
air using the exhaust gas analyser(s) EGA. The C02 and fuel flow CFUEL signals are transmitted either to the flow
controller FC2 or to the flow controller FC3 of the particulate sampling system (see figure 20). FC2 controls the
pressure blower PB, FC3 the sampling pump P (see figure 20), thereby adjusting the flows into and out of the
system so as to maintain the desired exhaust split and dilution ratio in DT. The dilution ratio is calculated from the
C02 concentrations and GFUEL using the carbon balance assumption.
56
-------
EGA
EGA
PB
OAF
Air 15—
PSP
VN
PTT
fsee figure 20!
TT
To particulate
sampling system
SP
EGA
Exhaust
Figure 14 — Partial flow dilution system with single venturi, concentration measurement and fractional
sampling
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the sampling probe
SP and the transfer tube TT due to the negative pressure created by the venturi VN in DT. The gas flow rate
through TT depends on the momentum exchange at the venturi zone and is therefore affected by the absolute
temperature of the gas at the exit of TT. Consequently, the exhaust split for a given tunnel flow rate is not con-
stant, and the dilution ratio at low load is slightly lower than at high load. The tracer gas concentrations (C02 or
NO,) are measured in the raw exhaust gas, the diluted exhaust gas and the dilution air using the exhaust gas
analyser(s) EGA, and the dilution ratio is calculated from the measured values.
57
-------
EGA
EGA
OAF PB j
Air d—(F>—CH
PSP
PCV2
PTT
-------
Exhaust
Air C>
/ >• 10 tf
PTT
(set figure 20>
To particulate
Fresh air injection
sampling system
EGA
FD3
F<
DPT
DAF
Air
EP
Figure 16 — Partial flow dilution system with multiple tube splitting, concentration measurement and
fractional sampling
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the transfer tube TT
by the flow divider FD3 that consists of a number of tubes of equal dimensions (same diameter, length and bend
radius! installed in EP. The exhaust gas through one of these tubes is led to DT, and the exhaust gas through the
rest of the tubes is passed through the damping chamber DC. Thus, the exhaust split is determined by the total
number of tubes. A constant split control requires a differential pressure of zero between DC and the outlet of TT,
which is measured with the differential pressure transducer DPT. A differential pressure of zero is achieved by
injecting fresh air into DT at the outlet of TT. The tracer gas concentrations (C02 or NO,) are measured in the raw
exhaust gas, the diluted exhaust gas and the dilution air with the exhaust gas anatyser(s) EGA. They are necessary
for checking the exhaust split and may be used to control the injection air flow rate for precise split control. The
dilution ratio is calculated from the tracer gas concentrations.
59
-------
FC2
Optional to P (PSSi
DAF
Air Cj (T)> [>< " 1
FM1
FTT
! PSS
j or
; 5*«w
or
{For details, see figure 20)
Exhaust
Figure 17 — Partial flow dilution system with flow control and total sampling
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the sampling probe
SP and the transfer tube TT. The total flow through the tunnel is adjusted with the flow controller FC3 and the
sampling pump P of the particulate sampling system {see figure 20). The dilution air flow is controlled by the flow
controller FC2, which may use GEXHW, Cumi or GFUEL as command signals, for the desired exhaust split. The
sample flow into DT is the difference between the total flow and the dilution air flow. The dilution air flow rate is
measured with the flow measurement device FM1 and the total flow rate with the flow measurement device FM3
of the particulate sampling system (see figure 20). The dilution ratio is calculated from these two flow rates.
60
-------
Airt— Q
ToPB of SB
t * lOtf
PTT
(see figure 20)
UEXHW
(
O—i
V
To particulate
sampling system
FM2
V
Vent
Exhaust
Figure 18 — Partial flow dilution system with flow control and fractional sampling
Raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the sampling probe
SP and the transfer tube TT. The exhaust split and the flow into DT is controlled by the flow controller FC2 that
adjusts the flow (or speed) of the pressure blower PB and the suction blower SB, accordingly. This is possible
since the sample taken with the particulate sampling system is returned into DT. GEXhw Gairw or GFua may be
used as command signals for FC2, The dilution air flow rate is measured with the flow measurement device FM1
and the total flow rate with the flow measurement device FM2. The dilution ratio is calculated from these two flow
rates.
Components of figures 10 to 18
EP — exhaust pipe
The exhaust pipe may be insulated. To reduce the thermal inertia of the exhaust pipe a thickness-to-diameter ratio
of 0,015 or less is recommended. The use of flexible sections shall be limited to a length-to-diameter ratio of 12
or less. Bends shall be minimized to reduce inertia) deposition. If the system includes a test bed silencer the
silencer may also be insulated.
For an isokinetic system, the exhaust pipe shall be free of elbows, bends and sudden diameter changes for at least
6 pipe diameters upstream and 3 pipe diameters downstream of the tip of the probe. The gas velocity at the
sampling zone shall be higher than 10 m/s except at idle mode. Pressure oscillations of the exhaust gas shall not
exceed ± 500 Pa on the average. Any steps to reduce pressure oscillations beyond using a chassis-type exhaust
R1
-------
system (including silencer and post treatment devices) shall not alter engine performance or cause the deposition
of particulates.
For systems without isokinetic probe, it is recommended to have a straight pipe of 6 pipe diameters upstream and
3 pipe diameters downstream of the tip of the probe.
SP — sampling probe (figures 12 to 18)
The minimum inside diameter shall be 4 mm. The minimum diameter ratio between exhaust pipe and probe shall
be four. The probe shall be an open tube facing upstream on the exhaust pipe centreline, or a multiple hole probe
as described under SP1 in 15.1, figure 2.
ISP — isokinetic sampling probe (figures 10 and 11)
The isokinetic sampling probe shall be installed facing upstream on the exhaust pipe centreline where the flow
conditions in section EP are met, and designed to provide a proportional sample of the raw exhaust gas. The
minimum inside diameter shall be 12 mm.
A control system is necessary for isokinetic exhaust splitting by maintaining a differential, pressure of zero between
EP and ISP. Under these conditions exhaust gas velocities in EP and ISP are identical and the mass flow through
ISP is a constant fraction of the exhaust gas flow. ISP shall be connected to a differential pressure transducer DPT.
The control to provide a differential pressure of zero between EP and ISP is done with the flow controller FC1.
F01, FD2 — flow dividers (figure 15)
A set of Venturis or orifices is installed in the exhaust pipe EP and in the transfer tube TT, respectively, to provide
a proportional sample of the raw exhaust gas. A control system consisting of two pressure control valves PCV1
and PCV2 is necessary for proportional splitting by controlling the pressures in EP and DT.
FD3 — flow divider (figure 16)
A set of tubes (multiple tube unit) is installed in the exhaust pipe EP to provide a proportional sample of the raw
exhaust gas. One of the tubes feeds exhaust gas to the dilution tunnei DT, whereas the other tubes exit exhaust
gas to a damping chamber DC. The tubes shall have equal dimensions (same diameter, length, bend radius) so that
the exhaust split depends on the total number of tubes. A control system is necessary for proportional splitting
by maintaining a differential pressure of zero between the exit of the multiple tube unit into DC and the exit of
TT. Under these conditions, exhaust gas velocities in EP and FD3 are proportional and the flow TT is a constant
fraction of the exhaust gas flow. The two points shall be connected to a differential pressure transducer DPT. The
control to provide a differential pressure of zero is done with the flow controller FC1.
EGA — exhaust gas analysers (figures 12 to 16)
C02 or NOx analysers may be used (with carbon balance method, C02 only). The analysers shall be calibrated like
the analysers for the measurement of the gaseous emissions. One or several analysers may be used to determine
the concentration differences.
The accuracy of the measuring systems shall be such that the accuracy of GEDFWj or Veofvv, is within + 4 %.
TT — transfer tube (figures 10 to 18)
The transfer tube shall be:
— as short as possible, but not more than 5 m in length;
— equal to or greater than the probe diameter, but not more than 25 mm in diameter;
— exiting on the centreline of the tunnel and pointing downstream.
If the tube is 1 m or less in length, it shall be insulated with material with a maximum thermal conductivity of
0,05 W/(m-K) with a radial insulation thickness corresponding to the diameter of the probe. If the tube is longer
than 1 m, it shall be insulated and heated to a minimum wall temperature of 523 K (250 *C).
62
-------
Alternatively the transfer tube wall temperatures required may be determined through standard heat transfer cal-
culations as shown in annex E.
DPT — differential pressure transducer (figures 10, 11 and 16)
The differential pressure transducer shall have a range of ± 500 Pa or less,
FC1 — flow controller (figures 10,11 and 16}
For isokinetic systems (figures 10 and 11), a flow controller is necessary to maintain a differential pressure of zero
between EP and ISP. The adjustment can be done by
a! controlling the speed or flow of the suction blower SB and keeping the speed or flow of the pressure blower
PB constant during each mode (figure 10) or
b) adjusting the suction blower SB to a constant mass flow of the diluted exhaust gas and controlling the flow
of the pressure blower PB, and therefore the exhaust sample flow in a region at the end of the transfer tube
TT (figure 11).
In the case of a pressure controlled system the remaining error in the control loop shall not exceed ± 3 Pa. The
pressure oscillations in the dilution tunnel shall not exceed ± 250 Pa on the average.
For a multi-tube system (figure 16), a flow controller is necessary for proportional exhaust splitting to maintain a
differential pressure of zero between the exit of the multi-tube unit and the exit of TT. The adjustment is done by
controlling the injection air flow rate into DT at the exit of TT.
PCV1, PCV2 — pressure control valves (figure 15)
Two pressure control valves are necessary for the twin venturi/twin orifice system for proportional flow splitting
by controlling the backpressure of EP and the pressure in DT. The valves shall be located downstream of SP in
EP and between PB and DT.
DC — damping chamber (figure 16)
A damping chamber shall be installed at the exit of the multiple tube unit to minimize the pressure oscillations in
the exhaust pipe EP.
VN — venturi (figure 14)
A venturi is installed in the dilution tunnel DT to create a negative pressure in the region of the exit of the transfer
tube TT. The gas flow rate through TT is determined by the momentum exchange at the venturi zone and is
basically proportional to the flow rate of the pressure blower PB leading to a constant dilution ratio. Since the
momentum exchange is affected by the temperature at the exit of TT and the pressure difference between EP
and DT, the actual dilution ratio is slightly lower at low load than at high load.
FC2 — flow controller (figures 12,13,17 and 18; optional)
A flow controller may be used to control the flow of the pressure blower PB and/or the suction blower SB. It may
be connected to the exhaust, intake air or fuel flow signals and/or to the C02 or NO, differential signals.
When using a pressurized air supply (figure 17), FC2 directly controls the air flow.
FM1 — flow measurement device (figures 10,11,17 and 18)
Gas meter or other flow instrumentation to measure the dilution air flow. FM1 is optional if the pressure blower
PB is calibrated to measure the flow.
fi3
-------
FM2 — flow measurement device (figure 18)
Gas meter or other flow instrumentation to measure the diluted exhaust gas flow. FM2 is optional if the suction
blower SB is calibrated to measure the flow.
PB — pressure blower (figures 10 to 15 and 18}
To control the dilution air flow rate. PB may be connected to the flow controllers FC1 or FC2. PB is not required
when using a butterfly valve. PB may be used to measure the dilution air flow, if calibrated.
SB — suction blower (figures 10 to 12,15,16 and 18)
For fractional sampling systems only. SB may be used to measure the diluted exhaust gas flow, if calibrated.
DAF — dilution air filter (figures 10 to 18)
It is recommended that the dilution air be filtered and charcoal scrubbed to eliminate background hydrocarbons.
The dilution air shall have a temperature of 298 K ± 5 K !25 *C ± 5 °C), and may be dehumidified. At the engine
manufacturer's request the dilution air may be sampled according to good engineering practice to determine the
background particulate levels, which can then be subtracted from the values measured in the diluted exhaust (see
11.4).
DT — dilution tunnel (figures 10 to 18)
The dilution tunnel
— shall be of a sufficient length to cause complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air under turbulent flow
conditions;
— shali be constructed of stainless steel with:
• thickness/diameter ratio of 0.025 or less for dilution tunnels with inside diameters greater than 75 mm;
• a nominal thickness of no less than 1,5 mm for dilution tunnels with inside diameters of equal to or less than
75 mm;
— shall be at least 75 mm in diameter for the fractional sampling type;
— is recommended to be at least 25 mm in diameter for the total sampling type;
— may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature by direct heating or by dilution air pre-heating,
provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 *C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust in the di-
lution tunnel;
— may be insulated.
The engine exhaust shall be thoroughly mixed with the dilution air. For fractional sampling systems, the mixing
quality shall be checked after introduction into service by means of a C02-profile of the tunnel w'rth the engine
running (at least four equally spaced measuring points). If necessary, a mixing orifice may be used.
NOTE 15 If the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the dilution tunnel (DT) is below 293 K (20 »C), precautions should be
taken to avoid particle losses on to the cool walls of the dilution tunnel. Therefore, heating and/or insulating the tunnel within
the limits given above is recommended.
At high engine loads, the tunnel may be cooled by a non-aggressive means such as a circulation fan, as long as the temperature
of the cooling medium is not below 293 K (20 *C).
64
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HE — heat exchanger (figures IS and 161
The heat exchanger shall be of sufficient capacity to maintain the temperature at the inlet to the suction blower
SB within ± 11 K of the average operating temperature observed during the test.
16.1.2 Full flow dilution system
See figure 19.
A dilution system is described based upon the dilution of the total exhaust using the CVS (constant volume sam-
pling) concept. The total volume of the mixture of exhaust and dilution air shall be measured. Either a PDP or a
CFV system may be used.
For subsequent collection of the particulates, a sample of the dilute exhaust gas is passed to the particulate
sampling system (see 16.2, figures 20 and 21). If this is done directly, it is referred to as single dilution. If the
sample is diluted once more in the secondary dilution tunnel, it is referred to as double dilution. This is useful if
the filter face temperature requirement cannot be met with single dilution. Although partly a dilution system, the
double dilution system is described as a modification of a particulate sampling system in 16.2, figure 21, since it
shares most of the parts with a typical particulate sampling system.
The gaseous emissions may also be determined in the dilution tunnel of a full flow dilution system. Therefore, the
sampling probes for the gaseous components are shown in figure 19 but do not appear in the description list. The
respective requirements are described in 15.1, for the main exhaust components, 15.4 for methanol and 15.5 for
formaldehyde.
["(See figure 3)
— To background
C»
Air
DAF
o
TT
a
Exhaust
0T
SP2
To exhaust gas j
analysis system
SP3 —
PSP
HE (optional)
PTT
(see figure 20)
To particulate sampling system
or to 03S (see figure 21!
Optional
/ \
______ PQPs- %
If EFC Is used
CFV
Figure 19 — Full flow dilution system
65
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The total amount of raw exhaust gas is mixed in the dilution tunnel DT with the dilution air.
The diluted exhaust gas flow rate is measured either with a positive displacement pump PDP or with a critical flow
venturi CFV. A heat exchanger HE or electronic flow compensation EFC may be used for proportional particulate
sampling and for flow determination. Since particulate mass determination is based on the total diluted exhaust
gas flow it is not necessary to calculate the dilution ratio.
Components of figure 19
EP — exhaust pipe
The exhaust pipe length from the exit of the engine exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet or after-treatment device
to the dilution tunnel shall be not more than 10 m. If the system exceeds 4 m in length, then all tubing in excess
of 4 m shall be insulated, except for an in-line smokemeter, if used. The radial thickness of the insulation shall be
at least 25 mm. The thermal conductivity of the insulating materia! shall have a value no greater than
0,1 W/(m-K) measured at 673 K. To reduce the thermal inertia of the exhaust pipe a thickness-to-diameter ratio
of 0,015 or less is recommended. The use of flexible sections shall be limited to a length-to-diameter ratio of 12
or less.
PDP — positive displacement pump
The PDP meters total diluted exhaust flow from the number of the pump revolutions and the pump displacement.
The exhaust system backpressure shall not be artificially lowered by the PDP or dilution air inlet system. Static
exhaust backpressure measured with the PDP system operating shall remain within ± 1,5 kPa of the static
pressure measured without connection to the PDP at identical engine speed and load. The gas mixture tempera-
ture immediately ahead of the PDP shall be within ± 6 K of the average operating temperature observed during
the test, when no flow compensation is used. Flow compensation can only be used if the temperature at the inlet
to the PDP does not exceed 323 K (50 °C).
CFV — critical flow venturi
CFV measures total diluted exhaust flow by maintaining the flow at chocked conditions (critical flow). Static ex-
haust backpressure measured with the CFV system operating shall remain within ± 1,5 kPa of the static pressure
measured without connection to the CFV at identical engine speed and load. The gas mixture temperature im-
mediately ahead of the CFV shall be within ±11 K of the average operating temperature observed during the test,
when no flow compensation is used.
HE — heat exchanger (optional, if EFC is used)
The heat exchanger shall be of sufficient capacity to maintain the temperature within the limits required above.
EFC — electronic flow compensation (optional, if HE is used)
If the temperature at the inlet to either the PDP or CFV is not kept within the limits stated above, a flow com-
pensation system is required for continuous measurement of the flow rate and control of the proportional sampling
in the particulate system. For that purpose, the continuously measured flow rate signals are used accordingly to
correct the sample flow rate through the particulate filters of the particulate sampling system (see figures 20 and
21).
DT — dilution tunnel
The dilution tunnel
— shall be small enough in diameter to cause turbulent flow (Reynolds Number greater than 4 000) and of suf-
ficient length to cause complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air. A mixing orifice may be used;
— shall be at least 75 mm in diameter;
— may be insulated.
66
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The engine exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point where it is introduced into the dilution tunnel, and
thoroughly mixed.
When using single dilution, a sample from the dilution tunnel is transferred to the particulate sampling system (see
16.2, figure 20). The flow capacity of the PDF or CFV shall be sufficient to maintain the diluted exhaust at a tem-
perature of less than or equal to 325 K (52 *C! immediately before the primary particulate filter.
When using double dilution, a sampie from the dilution tunnel is transferred to the secondary dilution tunnel where
it is further diluted, and then passed through the sampling filters (16.2, figure 21). The flow capacity of the PDP
or CFV must be sufficient to maintain the diluted exhaust stream in the DT at a temperature of less than or equal
to 464 K (191 *C) at the sampling zone. The secondary dilution system shall provide sufficient secondary dilution
air to maintain the doubly diluted exhaust stream at a temperature of less than or equal to 325 K (52 *C) imme-
diately before the primary particulate filter.
DAF — dilution air filter
It is recommended that the dilution air be filtered and charcoal scrubbed to eliminate background hydrocarbons.
The dilution air shall have a temperature of 298 K ± 5 K (25 *C + 5 *C), and may be dehumidified. At the engine
manufacturer's request the dilution air may be sampled according to good engineering practice to determine the
background particulate levels, which can then be subtracted from the values measured in the diluted exhaust (see
11.4).
PSP — particulate sampling probe
The probe is the leading section of PTT and
— shall be installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and exhaust gases are well mixed, i.e. on the
dilution tunnel DT centreline of the dilution systems (see 16.1), approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream
of the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel;
— shall be of 12 mm minimum inside diameter;
— may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature by direct heating or by dilution air pre-heating,
provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 °C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust in the di-
lution tunnel;
— may be insulated.
16.2 Particulate sampling system
See figures 20 and 21,
The particulate sampling system is required for collecting the particulates on the particulate filter, in the case of
total sampling partial flow dilution, which consists of passing the entire diluted exhaust sample through the filters,
the dilution (see 16.1.1, figures 13 and 17) and sampling systems usually form an integral unit. In the case of
fractional sampling partial flow dilution or full flow dilution, which consists of passing through the filters only a
portion of the diluted exhaust, the dilution (see 16.1.1, figures 10 to 12, 14 to 16 and 18 and 16.1.2, figure 19) and
sampling systems usually form different units. In this part of ISO 8178, the double dilution system (figure21) of
a full flow dilution system is considered to be a specific modification of a typical particulate sampling system as
shown in figure 20. The double dilution system includes all important parts of the particulate sampling system, like
filter holders and sampling pump, and additionally some dilution features, like a dilution air supply and a secondary
dilution tunnel.
In order to avoid any impact on the control loops, it is recommended that the sample pump be running throughout
the complete test procedure. For the single filter method, a bypass system shall be used for passing the sample
through the sampling filters at the desired times. Interference of the switching procedure on the control loops shall
be minimized.
-------
y From dilution tunnel DT
(see figures 10 and 19}
PTT
BV
FC3
Optional
from OCA
ou
from PDP
ou
from CFV
ou
from Ghjei
FM3
Figure 20 — Particulate sampling system
A sample of the diluted exhaust gas is taken from the dilution tunnel DT of a partial flow or full flow dilution system
through the particulate sampling probe PSP and the particulate transfer tube PTT by means of the sampling pump
P. The sample is passed through the filter holder(s) FH that contain the particulate sampling filters. The sample
flow rate is controlled by the flow controller FC3. If electronic flow compensation EFC (see figure 19) is used, the
diluted exhaust gas flow is used as command signal for FC3.
FMt
D—©—G
From dilution tunnel DT
(see figure 19)
Vent
BV (optional)
Figure 21 — Dilution system (full flow system only)
A sample of the diluted exhaust gas is transferred from the dilution tunnel DT of a full flow dilution system through
the particulate sampling probe PSP and the particulate transfer tube PTT to the secondary dilution tunnel SDT,
where it is diluted once more. The sample is then passed through the filter holder(s) FH that contain the particulate
sampling filters. The dilution air flow rate is usually constant whereas the sample flow rate is controlled by the flow
controller FC3. If electronic flow compensation EFC (see figure 19) is used, the total diluted exhaust gas flow is
used as command signal for FC3.
KB
-------
Components of figures 20 and 21
PSP — particulate sampling probe
The particulate sampling probe not shown in the figures is the leading section of the particulate transfer tube PTT.
The probe
— shall be installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and exhaust gas are well mixed, i.e. on the
dilution tunnel DT centreline of the dilution systems {see 16.1), approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream
of the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel;
— shall be 12 mm in minimum inside diameter;
— may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature by direct heating or by dilution air pre-heating,
provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 *C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust into the
dilution tunnel;
— may be insulated.
PTT — particulate transfer tube
The particulate transfer tube must not exceed 1 020 mm in length, and shall be minimized in length whenever
possible.
The dimensions are valid for:
— the partial flow dilution fractional sampling type and the full flow single dilution system from the probe tip to
the filter holder;
— the partial flow dilution total sampling type from the end of the dilution tunnel to the filter holder;
— the full flow double dilution system from the probe tip of the secondary dilution tunnel.
The transfer tube
— may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 *C) wall temperature by direct heating or by dilution air pre-heating,
provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 "Q prior to the introduction of the exhaust into the
dilution tunnel;
— may be insulated.
SDT — secondary dilution tunnel (figure 21 only}
The secondary dilution tunnel should have a minimum diameter of 75 mm, and should be of sufficient length so
as to provide a residence time of at least 0,25 s for the doubly diluted sample. The primary filter holder FH shall
be located within 300 mm of the exit of the SDT.
The secondary dilution tunnel
— may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 "Q wall temperature by direct heating or by dilution air pre-heating,
provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 "CI prior to the introduction of the exhaust into the
dilution tunnel;
— may be insulated.
FH — filter holderfe}
For primary and back-up filters a single filter housing or separate filter housings may be used. The requirements
of 7.5.1.3 shall be met.
£3
-------
The filter holder(s)
— may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature by direct heating or by dilution air pre-heating,
provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 °C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust into the
dilution tunnel;
— may be insulated.
P — sampling pump
The particulate sampling pump shall be located sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas tempera-
ture is maintained constant (± 3 K}, if flow correction by FC3 is not used.
DP — dilution air pump (figure 21 only)
The dilution air pump shall be located so that the secondary dilution air is supplied at a temperature of
298 K ± 5 K (25 *C ± 5 *C>",
FC3 — flow controller
A flow controller shall be used to compensate the particulate sample flow rate for temperature and backpressure
variations in the sample path, if no other means are available. The flow controller is required if electronic flow
compensation EFC (see figure 19) is used.
FM3 — flow measurement device
The gas meter or flow instrumentation for the particulate sample flow shall be located sufficiently distant from the
sampling pump P so that the inlet gas temperature remains constant (± 3 K), if flow correction by FC3 is not used.
FM4 — flow measurement device (figure 21 only)
The gas meter or flow instrumentation for the dilution air flow shall be located so that the inlet gas temperature
remains at 298 K ± 5 K (25 *C ± 5 °C).
BV — ball valve (optional)
The ball valve shall have an inside diameter not less than the inside diameter of the particulate transfer tube PTT,
and a switching time of less than 0,5 s.
NOTE 16 If the ambient temperature in the vicinity of PSF, PTT, SDT and FH is below 293 K (20 *C), precautions should be
taken to avoid particle losses on to the cool wail of these parts. Therefore, heating and/or insulating these parts within the limits
given in the respective descriptions is recommended. It is also recommended that the filter face temperature during sampling
be not below 293 K (20 'C).
At high engine loads, the above parts may be cooled by a non-agressive means such as a circulating fan, as long as the tem-
perature of the cooling medium is not below 293 K (20 *C).
70
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Annex A
(normative)
Calculation of the exhaust gas mass flow and/or of the combustion air
consumption
Both methods given in this annex are based on exhaust gas concentration measurement, and on the knowledge
of the fuel consumption.
Abbreviations
Symbol
Description
Units
Remarks
02W
Concentration of 02
% (V/V)
In wet exhaust
COW
Concentration of CO
ppm
In wet exhaust
C02W
Concentration of C02
% (V/V)
In wet exhaust
NOW
Concentration of NO
ppm
In wet exhaust
N02W
Concentration of N02
ppm
In wet exhaust
HCW
Hydrocarbons
ppm CI
In wet exhaust
cw
Soot
mg/m3
In wet exhaust
02D
Concentration of 02
(V/V)
In dry exhaust
COD
Concentration of CO
ppm
In dry exhaust
C02D
Concentration of C02
im
In dry exhaust
HCD
Hydrocarbons
ppm C1
In dry exhaust
G02
Emission of 02
9/h
GCO
Emission of CO
g/h
GC02
Emission of CQ-
9/h
GNO
Emission of NO
9/h
GN02
Emission of N02
9/h
GHC
Emission of HC
9/h
Hydrocarbons
GH20
Emission of H20
g/h
GS02
Emission of S02
g/h
GN2
Emission of N2
g/h
V02
Standard volume flow of 02
rn3/h
(Exhaust content)
VC02
Standard volume flow of C02
m3/h
(Exhaust content)
vco
Standard volume flow of CO
m3/h
(Exhaust content)
VNO
Standard volume flow of NO
m3/h
(Exhaust content)
VN02
Standard volume flow of N02
m3|h
(Exhaust content)
VHC
Standard volume flow of HC
m3/h
(Exhaust content)
VH20
Standard volume flow of H20
m3/h
(Exhaust content)
VS02
Standard volume flow of S02
m3/h
(Exhaust content)
VN2
Standard volume flow of N2
m3/h
(Exhaust content!
ALF
H content of fuel
% lm/m)
—
BET
C content of fuel
% (m/m )
—
-------
Symbol
GAM
DEL
EPS
TAU
TAU1
TAU2
ETA
NUE
AWH
AWC
AWO
AWS
AWN
MW..::
MV„:;
GEXHW
GEXHD
GFUEL
GAIRW
GAIRD
EXHDENS
FFW
FFD
FFH
FFCB
STOIAR
HTCRAT
EAFCDO
EAFEXH
EXHCPN
GEXHW
Description
Units
S content of fuel
N content of fuel
0 content of fuel
Oxygen content of wet combustion air
Oxygen content of wet combustion air which is
emitted
Oxygen content of wet combustion air which is
combusted
Nitrogen content of wet combustion air
Water content of combustion air
Atomic weight of H
Atomic weight of C
Atomic weight of 0
Atomic weight of S
Atomic weight of N
Molecular weight of.,::
Standard molecular volume of..::
Exhaust mass flow
Exhaust mass flow
Fuel mass flow
Combustion air mass flow
Combustion air mass flow
Density of wet exhaust
Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on
wet basis
Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on dry
basis
Fuel specific factor used for calculating of wet con-
centration from dry concentration
Fuel specific factor for the carbon balance calculation
Stoichiometric air demand for the combustion of
1 kg fuel
Hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (a)
Excess-air-factor based on complete combustion and
the C05-concentration (lv, C02)
Excess-air-factor based on the exhaust gas concen-
tration of carbon-containing components (iv)
Exhaust gas ratio of components with carbon {c5
Exhaust mass flow, calculated by the carbon balance
method
% im/m)
% im/m)
% im/m)
% im/m)
% im/m)
% {m/m)
% (m/m)
% {m/m)
1
1
1
1
1
g/mole
l/mol
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kgjm3
1
1
1
1
kg/kg
mol/mol
kg/kg
kg/kg
m3/m3
kg/h
Remarks
Wet air
Wet air
Wet air
Individual gas
Individual gas
Wet exhaust
Dry exhaust
Wet combustion air
Dry combustion air
Wet basis
Dry basis
NOTES
1 Water gas equilibrium constant = 3,5.
2 The standard volume of a gas is related to 273,15 K and 101,30 kPa
72
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A.I Method 1, carbon balanct
Calculation of the exhaust mass flow based on the measurement of fuel consumption and of the exhaust gas
concentrations with regard to the fuel characteristics (carbon balance method).
The method given in the following is only valid for fuels without oxygen and nitrogen content, based on procedures
used for EPA and ECE calculations.
The formulae given in this clause are only valid in the absence of oxygen in the fuel.
A. 1,1 First step
Calculation of the stoichiometric air demand
Process of complete combustion:
1 mol C + 1 mol 02 -»1 mol C02
1 mol H + 1/4 mol 02 -»1/2 mol H20
1 mol S + 1 mol 02 -»1 mol S02
STOIAR = (BET/12.011+ALF/{4x1.00794) +
+GAM/32.060}x31.9988/23.15
A. 1.2 Second step
Calculation of the excess-air-factor based on complete combustion and the CHZ concentration
EAFCDO « ({BETx 10x22 .262/ (12.011x1000) ) / (C02D /100 ) t-STOIARxO . 2315/
1.42895-BETxl0x22.262 /(12 .011x1000) - GAMxl0x21.891/(32.060
x1000 3)/(STQIARx{0.7685/1.2505+0.2315/1.42895))
A. 1.3 Third step
Calculation of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio
HTCRAT = ALFxl2.011/(1.00794xBET)
A.I.4 Fourth step
Calculation of the dry hydrocarbon concentration and the dry soot concentration with the following dry to wet
conversion.
concwet = concdry x (1 - FFH x (fuel consumption/dry air consumption))
Fuel consumption Volume of water of the comix process
FFHX "¦ ss ¦ " ' ¦ —
Dry air consumption Total wet exhaust volume
Total wet exhaust volume =
Nitrogen of combustion air +
+ excess oxygen +
+ argon in the combustion air +
+ water in the combustion air +
+ water in the combustion process +
+ C02 of the combustion process +
+ S02 of the combustion process;
73
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FFH X = (1C x ALF x MVH20 / (2 X 1,0079 X 1000)) X GFUEL / ((0,7551
GAIRD
/1,2505x(GAIRD/(GFUELxSTOIAR))xSTOIAR+O,2315
/I,42895x((GAIRD/(GFUELxSTOIAR))-l)xSTOIAR+O,0129
/l,7840x(GAIRD/(GFUELxSTOIAR))xSTOIAR+O,0005
/l,9769x(GAIRD/(GFUELxSTOIAR))xSTOIAR+(ALFxl0xMVCO2
/ (2x1,0079x1000)) + (BETxl0xMVCO2/(12, 001x1000)) + (GAMxl0xMVSO2
/ (32,060x1000)))xGFUEL)
with:
MVH20 = 22,401 dms/moi
MVC02 = 22,262 dms/rriol
MVS02 = 21,891 dm3/mol
the equation results
GFUEL
FFHx =(0,111127xALF5/(Of0555583xALF-0,000109xBET-0,000157xGAM
GAIRD
+0,773329x(GAIRD/GFUEL))
and
FFH=(0,111127xALF)/(0,773329+<0, Q5S5583xALF~0,000109xBET-0,000157xGAJM) x
(GFUEL/GAIKD)>
The excess air factor is defined as;
lv = air conspt./(fuel conspt.xstoichiometric air demand)
EAFCDO =GAIRD/(GFUELxSTOIAR)
GAIRD =EAFCDOxGFUELxSTOIAR
CWET =CDRYx(1-FFHxGFUEL/GAIRD)
=CDRYx|1-FFHxGFUEL/(EAFCDOxGFUELxSTOIAR))
=CDRYx(1-FFH/(EAFCDOxSTOIAR))
CDRY =CWET/(1-FFH/(EAFCDOxSTOIAR))
=CWETxEAFCDOxSTOIAR/(EAFCDOxSTOIAR-FFH)
HCD =HCWxEAFCDOx STOIAR/(EAFCDOx STOIAR-FFH)
A.1.5 Fifth step
Calculation of the excess air factor based on the US Federal Register S 86.345-79 procedure
EXHCPN=(CO2D/100)+(COD/10«)+(HCD/10*)
1V=EAFEXH= (1/EXHCPN-COD/ (10«x2xEXHCPN) -HCD/ (lOSxEXHCFN)+
HTCRAT/4x (1-HCD/ (10«xEXHCFN) ) -0.75xHTCRAT/ (3.5 / (COD
/ {10'xEXHCPN) )+<(1-3.5) /(1-HCD/ (10«xEXHCPN) ) ) ) ) / (4.77x(l
+HTCRAT/4))
74
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A.1.6 Sixth step
Calculation of the exhaust mass
Exhaust mass flow=Fuel consumpt.+eombustion air consumpt, with the excess air factor
defined in step four:
air consumpt .=lvxfuel consumpt. xstoichiometric air demand
GAIRD=lvxGFUELxSTOIAR
Exhaust mass flow=Fuel conspt. x (l + lvxstoich.air
demand)
gexhw=GFUELx(1+EAFEXHxSTOIAR)
A.2 Method 2, universal, carbon/oxygen-balance
In the following the carbon and oxygen balance method is used for the calculation of the exhaust mass flow. This
method can be used when the fuel consumption is measurable and the fuel composition and the concentration of
the exhaust components are known. It is applicable for fuels containing H, C, S, 0, N in known proportions,
NOTE 17 It was intended to give universal derivation of all equations including al! constants. This task was to be done
because there are many cases where the present available constants, neglecting essential parameters, may lead to results
with avoidable errors. Using the following equations, it will also be possible to calculate the essential parameters under
conditions deviating from standard conditions.
A.2.1 Calculation of the exhaust mass flow on the basis of the carbon balance
The following formula can be used for the calculation of gexhw
GFUELxBETxEXHDENSxlQ4 1
GEXHW = x . . . (A. 1)
AWC f CO2WX104 COW HCW CW
+ + +
^ MVC02 MVCO MVHC AWC
Simplification with complete combustion
GFUELxBETxEXHDENSxMVC02
GEXHW = . . . (A.2)
AWCx(C02W - CQ2AIR)
A.2.2 Calculation of exhaust mass flow on the basis of oxygen balance
The following formula can be used for the calculation of gexhw
f Factor 1 N
GEXHW - GFUEL X
¦ +10 x Factor2 -10 x EPS
1000 X EXHDENS + 1
Factor 1
10XTAU--
1000 X EXHDENS
¦ {A - 3 y
75
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where
, MW02XO2W AWO AWO , 2xAW0
Factor 1 = 10 x xCOW + xNOW -I xN02W —
MV02 MVCO MVNO MVN02
3 xAWO 2xAWO
xHCW xCW . . . (A. 4)
MVHC AWC
and
AWO 2 xAWO AWO
Factor 2 = ALFx ¦ + BETx + GAMx ...(A. 5)
2 xAWH AWC AWS
Simplification with complete combustion:
i MWO 2
Factor 1CD_, = 104 x x02W ...(A. 6)
comi. MV02
A.2.3 Derivation of the oxygen balance for incomplete combustion
The oxygen input into the engine, from the air and fuel is:
GAIRWxTAUxlO+GFUELxEPSxlO ...(A.7)
The oxygen output in g/h is:
2xAWO AWO AWO 2xAWO 2xAWO AWO
G02 + GC02x + GCOx + GNOx +GN02x +GS02x + GH20x——. . . {A.8)
MWC02 MWCO MWNO MWN02 MWS02 MWH20
Using the following equations, the individual gas components are calculated in g/h related to wet exhaust gas.
MW02xlQ
GO 2 = x02WxGEXHW ...{A.9)
MVO 2 x SXHDENS
MWCO
GCO = — xCOWxGEXHW . , . (A.10>
MVCOxEXHDENSx1000
MWNO
GNO = xNOWxGEXHW ... (A. 115
MVNOXEXHDENSX1o00
MWNO 2
GNO2 xN02WxGEXHW ... (A. 12)
MVN02xEXHDENSx1000
MWCO2 MWCO2 MWC02 MWCO2
GC02 * ———XGFUELxBETxlO-GCOx———GHCx———— — GCx—— ... {A. 13)
AWC MWCO MWHC AWC
MWH20 MWH20
GH20 = xGFUELxALFxlO - GHCx ... (A 14)
2xAWH MWHC
MWS02
GS02 = xGFUELxGAMxlO ... (A. 15)
AWS
MWHC
GHC = ¦ xHCWxGEXHW . . .
-------
exhdens is calculated using formula (A.42) A.2.5, of this annex
GAIRWxTAUxlO+GFUELxEPSxlO=
GEXHW (MWO2xO2Wxl0* AWOxCOW AWOxNOW 2xAWOxN02W 3 xAWOxHCW 2xAWOxCW
10 xEXHDENS
MV02
MVCO
MVNO
MVN02
MVHC
AWC
,'ALFxAWO BETx2 xAWO GAMxAWO \
+10xGFUELx + + I
2xAWH AWC AWS j
The first bracket is defined as Factor 1, the second one as Factor 2 [see also equations (A,4} and (A.5)].
Where
GEXHW ¦ GAIR+GFUEL
the consumed air mass and the exhaust gas mass can be calculated using the following equations:
GAIRW « GFUEL x
Factor 1
1000 X EXHDENS
- +10 X Factor 2 -10 x EPS
TAUXlO —
Factor 1
1000 x EXHDENS
(A.18}
(A.19}
(A.20)
and accordingly:
GEXHW = GFUEL x
Factor 1
1000 X EXHDENS
¦ +10 x Factor 2 -10 X EPS
TAU X 10 - ¦
Factor 1
• + 1
1000 X EXHDENS
. ..{A.21}
A.2.4 Derivation of the carbon balance for the incomplete combustion
Carbon input in g/h:
GFUELxBETx10 ...(A.22)
Carbon output in g/h:
GC02 X —C ¦¦ + GCO X ——- -4- GHC X + GC ...(A.23)
MWC02 MWCO MWHC
Using the following equations, the individual gas components are calculated in g/h related to wet exhaust gas.
MWCO2X10
GCO2 = xC02WxGEXHW ... (A.24)
MVC02 xEXHDENS
MWCO
GCO = xCOWxGEXHW ... (A.25)
MVCOxEXHDENSxlOOO '
„„„ MWHC
GHC = XHCWXGEXHW . (A.26)
MVHCxEXHDENSxlOOO * '
GC = xCWxGEXHW /a 27)
EXHDENS *''
77
-------
For the balance condition carbon input = carbon output:
GEXHWxAWC / C02W „4 COW HCW CW \
GFUELxBETxlO = x xlO + + +
EXHDENSxlOOO I MVCO2 MVCO MVHC AWC)
..(A.28]
Calculation of the exhaust mass flow on the basis of the carbon balance
1
GFUELxBETxEXHDENSxl0
GEXHW = x
AWC
' CO2Wxl04 COW HCW CW
+ + +
MVCO 2
MVCO MVHC AWC
...(A.29}
A.2.5 Calculation of the volumetric exhaust composition and exhaust density with incomplete
combustion
VCO = COWxlO xVEXHW
VNO « NOWxlO"4 xVEXHW
VN02 = N02WxlCf6 xVEXHW
VHC = HCWxlO"6 xVEXHW
( GAIRW X NUE X MVH20 GFUEL X ALF X MVH20 N
VH20'
MWH20
2X AWH
100
•VHC
f GAIRW X C02AIR _____ MVCO 2'
VC02 = 1- GFUEL X BET X ¦—-
V 1,293 AWC
X — VCO — VHC
100
Where
co2AIR=co2 concentration in the combustion air (Vol. %)
GFUEL f „ AWO 2xAWO , 2xAWO ,
TAU2 = h I ALFx — + BETx + GAMx 1
GAIRW
2xAWH
AWC
AWS
, , GAIRW X (TAU - TAU2) MV02
V02 X + (1 / 2) X (VHC + VCO) - (1 / 2) X (VNO + VN02 > •
100
MW02
CWxGEXBW 2xAWOxMVQ2
EXHDENS AWCXMW02
MVN2 MVN2
GAIRWxETAx + GFUELxDELx •
VN2
VS02
MWN2
MWN2
GFUELxGAMx
100
MVSQ2
AWS
(1 / 2)xVNO - (1 / 2)xVN02
100
VEXHW = VH20 = +VC02 + V02 + VN2 + VS02 + VCO+VNO + VN02 + VHC
VEXHD = VEXHW - VH20
.(A,30)
.(A.31)
.(A.32)
, .{A.33}
..(A.34)
,.(A.35)
.(A.36)
.(A.37)
.(A.38)
.(A.39)
, .(A.40)
,.(A.41)
78
-------
EXHDENS = GEXHW / VEXHW
KEXH = VEXHD / VEXHW
,(A.42)
.(A.43)
A.2.6 Programme for the calculation of the exhaust mass flow
The results of both stoichiometric calculations for carbon and oxygen calculations give the total exhaust compo-
sition and the exhaust mass flow including the water content.
The equations in the program are mainly based on wet exhaust.
If dry concentrations (02 and C02) are measured, the dry to wet correction factor KWEXH (= Kw.r) shall be used.
The program calculates the exhaust mass flow with known KWEXH and calculates the KWEXH with known
exhaust gas flow. When both values are unknown, the program takes a preliminary value for KWEXH (= Kw.r) and
performs iterative calculation, until both values fit together and do not change any more.
If the mass balance equation is used without the program, the following dry to wet correction factor shall be used:
K
W,r,3
100
ALFxMVH20xAWCx(C02D)
BETxMVC02*2xAWH
the formula in another prepared form is as follows.
+ NUExl,608 + 100
(A.44)
K
W,r,3
100
ALFxS,995xSCQ2D5
BET
+ NUExl,608+100
. (A.44a)
For the general formula for dry/wet correction KWEXH ¦ KWjt, different versions are possible.
Formulae (A.44) and (A.44a) and also formulae (17) to (20) are not absolutely exact, because the correction for the
combustion water and for the air intake water are not additive as used in the formulae (18) to (20).
The exact formula is:
GFUEL + GAIRD¦
GFUELXALFXMWH20 RhoEXH DAC
K
200xAWH
Rho H20
K,r,4
... —HaxGAIRD RhoEXH DAC
GFUEL + GAIRD + x ¦
(A.45)
1000
Rho H20
with:
RhoEXH DAC = exhaust density with combustion by dry air (kg/std.m')
Rho H2Q = water vapour density fkg/std.m*) (MW H20/KV H20)
A comparison of formula (17) with the formula (A.45) shows very small differences of the factor ,
EXAMPLES:
Humidity Deviation of Ky* Icompared with (A.45)]
g/kg %
10 0,2
25 0,5
79
-------
The formula given as (A.45) is not very practical because in many cases Rho EXH DAC is not known and because
the use of the fuel specific factor Ffh is excluded. Therefore the more practical formulae (17) to (20) should be
used; the resulting error of < 0,2% (in most cases) can be neglected.
A.2.7 Calculation of the fuel specific factors Fm and Ffw for exhaust flow calculation
According to 7.3.2.
(VEXHD - VAIRD)
FFD
FFW
GFUEL
(VEXHW - VAIRW)
GFUEL
By means of the following equations
VEXHW = VH20+VC02+V02 +VN2 +VS02
VEXHD = VC02 +V02 +VN2 +VS02
and, according to the equations in 8.2.5 (VH20, VC02...}
the factors can be given by the following formula:
FFW = (ALF / 100) X
MVH20 MV02 1 (MVC02 MV02>
+ (BET / 100) x J | +
2 X AWH 4 X AWH
I AWC AWC J
(MVS02 MV02 ( MVN2n1 f MV02
+ GAM / 10O}x[ + (DEL / 100)x + EPS / 100)x
V AWS AWS ) \ MWN2) VMW02
The same equation with numbers*.
FFW = Q,05S57xALF - 0,00011xBET - 0, 00017*GAM + 0,0080055xDEL + 0, 006998xEPS
The equation for Ff0 is very similar; the only difference is the term ALFx{ ) concerning the water.
MVC02 MV02^
( MV02 ^
FFD =-(ALF/100) x + (BET/100):
\4X AWH )
- +
awc awc j
+ (GAM /100)X
MVS02 KV02 ^
AWS AWS )
' + (DEL / 100) X
MVN2^
MWN2 }
•HEPS / 100 5 X
MVQ2
MW02
The same equation with numbers:
FFD = -0,05564xALF- Q,00011xBET- 0,00017xGAM + 0.0080055XDEL + 0,006998xEPS
(A.46)
(A.47)
(A.48)
(A.49)
(A.50)
(A.51)
(A.52)
(A.53)
A.2.8 Derivation of the fuel specific factor Ffh
Used for the calculation of wet concentration from dry concentration according to 13.2.
cone (wet) = Km x cone (dry)
80
-------
NOTE 18 In the following derivation the writing of the originally indicated variables differs from the writing given in clause 4
{abbreviations}. Hie reasons are: names of variables in the mentioned program, e.g. KWr = Kwexh m KWEXH.
The derivation of Ffh considers dry intake air because formula (17) handles water in the intake air separately.
GFUEL'
KWEXH = I 1 - FFHx
GAIR
and with
cone (wet) x VEXHW = cone (dry) xVEXHD
(balance of the volumes)
VEXHD VEXHW - VH20
KWEXH = = =
VEXHW VEXHW '
VH20
= 1-
VEXHW
GH20
1 1000
xEXHDENS
MWH20
xGEXHW
MVH20
MWH20
and with GH20 = xGFUELxALFx 10
2xAWH
and GEXHW = GAIRW + GFUEL
GFUELxALFxEXHDENSxMVH20
KEXHW = 1 - •
= 1 -
200xAWHx(GAIRW + GFUEL)
GFUELxALFxEXHPEN5xMVH20
GFUEL
GAIRWx20CxAWHx 1+
GAIRW
ALFxEXHDENSxMVH20
F™ = FFH =
GFUEL
GAIRW
200xAWHx 1+
This universal formula, applicable for all fuels (with known exhaust density] can be simplified for diesel fuels as
follows;
i_
GFUEL
Fra = ALFxO,1448x for diesel fuel
1 +
GAIRW
A.2.9 Derivation of the fuel specific factor Ffcb
Used for the carbon balance equation
FFCBxGFUEL
GEXHWx(C02DIL - C02AIR)
81
-------
and
GEDF
FFCBxGFUEL
C02DIL - CO2AIR
The variable GC02DIL expresses the calculated equivalent mass flow rate of co2 (g/h! in an equivalent full flow
tunnel.
GC02DIL = •
MWC02 xlO
GFUELxBETxlO=
MVC02 xDILEXHDENS
MWCO 2x10
• x(C02DIL - C02AIR}xGEDF
FFCB
MVC02 xDILEXHDENS
GEDFx(CQ2DIL - CQ2AIR)
GFUEL
BETXMVC02xDILEXHDENS
x(C02DIL - C02AIR)xGEDFx
AWC
MWCO 2
AWC
and, under the condition that:
MVC02=
DILEXHDENS=
AWC®
Ffcb = BETx2 , 3963
22,26
1,293kg/m3
12,011
Combustion air
Component psr
Component per
Air mass flow
100 kg wet air
100 kg wet air
Kfl
m}
HjO
% im/m)
V
tMVHjG/MWHjOlv « 1.243V
Nj
% im/m1
n
IMVNj/hWNj)/? • 0.8;?
o5
% im/m)
T
(MV0z/MW02)T2 « OJtj
IMV03/MW02)rn ¦ O.lTy
Fuel total mass flow, kg/h
Sfuei
Oxygen mass for the
Component gas mass
Component gas volume
combustion of 100 kg fuel
after the combustion
after the combustion
of 100 kg fuel
of 100 kg fuel
5 <2
kg
kg
mJ
1
*1 o
« oi
m
® O
Cft o
_
H
a
(AW0/2AWH!« « 7.936a
-------
Annex B
(normative)
Equipment and auxiliaries to be installed for the test to determine engine
power (see also 5.3 and 11.5)
Number
Equipment and auxiliaries
Fitted for emission test
1
Inlet system
Inlet manifold
Crankcase emission control system
Control devices for dual induction inlet manifold
system
Air flow meter
Air inlet duct work
Air filter
Inlet silencer
Speed-limiting device
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes. standard production equipment
Yes11
Yes1'
Yes1'
Yes1'
2
Induction-heating device of inlet manifold
Yes. standard production equipment. If possible to
be set in the most favourable condition.
3
Exhaust system
Exhaust purifier
Exhaust manifold
Connecting pipes
Connecting pipes
Silencer
Tail pipe
Exhaust brake
Pressure charging device
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes2'
Yes2'
Yes2'
Yes2'
NO*'
Yes, standard production equipment
4
Fuel supply pump
Yes, standard production equipment4'
5
Carburation equipment
Carburettor
Electronic control system, air flow meter, etc.
Equipment for gas engines
Pressure reducer
Evaporator
Mixer
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
83
-------
Number
Equipment and auxiliaries
Fitted for emission test I
6
"gel injection equipment (petrol and diesel)
Prefilter
Filter
Pump
High-pressure pipe
Injector
Air inlet valve
Electronic control system, air flow meter, etc.
Governor/control system
Automatic full-load stop for the control rack de-
pending on atmospheric conditions
Yes, standard production or test bed equipment I
Yes, standard production or test bed equipment I
Yes, standard production equipment J
Yes, standard production equipment I
Yes, standard production equipment I
Yes, standard production equipment5' I
Yes, standard production equipment J
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment I
7
Liquid-cooling equipment
Radiator
Fan
Fan cowl
Water pump
Thermostat
No J
No I
No I
Yes, standard production equipment6' I
Yes, standard production equipment7) j
8
Air cooling
Cowl
Fan or Blower
Temperature-regulating device
No®
NoSi I
No |
9
Electrical equipment
Generator
Spark distribution system
Coil or coils
Wiring
Spark plugs
Electronic control system including knock
sensor/spark retard system
Yes, standard production equipment9'
Yes, standard production equipment I
Yes, standard production equipment I
Yes, standard production equipment I
Yes, standard production equipment
Yes, standard production equipment
10
Pressure charging equipment
Compressor driven either directly by the engine
and/or by the exhaust gases
Charge air cooler
Coolant pump or fan (engine-driven)
Coolant flow control device
Yes, standard production equipment 1
Yes, standard production or test bed equip- 1
ment8'-101 J
No8'
Yes, standard production equipment I
11
Auxiliary test-bed fan
Yes, if necessary J
12
Anti-pollution device
Yes, standard production equipment11' 1
13
Starting equipment
Test bed equipment"12' j
14
Lubricating oil pump
Yes, standard production equipment
84
-------
1) The complete inlet system shall be fitted as provided for the intended application:
— where there is a risk of an appreciable effect on the engine power;
— in the case of naturally aspirated spark ignition engines;
— when the manufacturer requests that this should be done.
In other cases, an equivalent system may be used and a check should be made to ascertain that the intake pressure does
not differ by more than 100 Pa from the upper limit specified by the manufacturer for a clean air filter.
2) The complete exhaust system shall be fitted as provided for the intended application:
— where there is a risk of an appreciable effect on the engine power;
— in the case of naturally aspirated spark ignition engines;
— when the manufacturer requests that this should be done.
In other cases, an equivalent system may be installed provided the pressure measured does not differ by more than
1 000 Pa from the upper limit specificed by the manufacturer.
3) If an exhaust brake is incorporated in the engine, the throttle valve shall be fixed in the fully open position.
4) The fuel feed pressure may be adjusted, if necessary, to reproduce the pressure existing in the particular engine ap-
plication (particularly when a "fuel return" system is used).
5} The air intake valve is the control valve for the pneumatic governor of the injection pump. The governor or the fuel in-
jection equipment may contain other devices which may affect the amount of injected fuel.
6) The cooling-liquid circulation shall be operated by the engine water pump only. Cooling of the liquid may be produced
by an external circuit, such that the pressure loss of this circuit and the pressure at the pump inlet remain substantially the
same as those of the engine cooling system.
7) The thermostat may be fixed in the fully open position.
8) When the cooling fan or blower is fitted for the test, the power absorbed shall be added to the results. The fan or blower
power shall be determined at the speeds used for the test either by calculation from standard characteristics or by practical
tests.
9) Minimum power of the generator: the electrical power of the generator shall be limited to that necessary for operation
of accessories which are indispensable for engine operation. If the connection of a battery is necessary, a fully charged
battery in good condition shall be used.
10) Charge air-cooled engines shall be tested with charge air cooling, whether liquid- or air-cooled, but if the manufacturer
prefers, a test bench system may replace the air cooler. In either case, the measurement of power at each speed shall be
made with the maximum pressure drop and the minimum temperature drop of the engine air across the charge air cooler
on the test bench system as those specified by the manufacturer.
11) These may include, for example, exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR>-system, catalytic converter, thermal reactor, sec-
ondary air-supply system and fuel evaporation protecting system.
12) The power for electrical or other starting systems shall be provided from the test bed,
85
-------
Annex C
(normative)
Efficiency calculation and corrections for the non-methane hydrocarbon
cutter measuring method (see 7.4.3.5 and 13.4)
NMHCcorr
% NMKC = S222-
HC.
*eorr
NMHCcorr = NMHC + (NMHCxC2He efficiency)
HCCthrough cutter)
NMHC = HCJcutter on bypass)--
CH4 (efficiency)
HCcorr =NMHCcorr + CH4corr
CH^corr " CH4 ~ (CH4xC2Hs (efficiency))
HC( through cutter)
4 CH4{efficiency)xCH4(rel response)
CHt (efficiency) =
-1 HC( through cutter, with CH4 cal.gas)
HClcutter on bypass, with CH4 cal.gas)
C2H6( efficiency) =
HC(through cutter, with C2H6 cal.gas)
HC{cutter on bypass, with C2H5 cal.gas)
CH4 rel. response = HC with CH4 calibration gas,
FID calibrated with C3H8
86
-------
Annex D
(normative)
Formulae for the calculation of the coefficients u, v, w in 13.4
D.I For ideal gases at 273,15 K (0 °C) and 101,3 kPa
For the calculation of u, v, w for NO, (as N02), CO, HC (in 13.4 as H, 85C1); C02; 02; CH4
w = 4,4615 x 10~5 x m if concentration is in ppm
w = 4,4615 x 10"1 x m if concentration is in percent
y = w
« - Wpex
m = molecular weight
Pex = density of wet exhaust gas at 0 *C, 101,3 kPa = 1,293 kg/m3
D.2 For real gases at 0 °C and 101,3 kPa
For the calculation of u, v, w for NH3
w = Pbm x 10" if concentration is in ppm
v = w
u = w/pex
Pgas = density of measured gas at 0 °C, 101,3 kPa in g/m3
D.3 General formulae for the calculation of concentrations at temperature T and
pressure p
— for ideal gases (as 02, NO, N02, CO, C02. N2, HXC. CH4)
c™:(g/m3) . x A x -f x ""Of")
Vim, J P0 ig6
for real gases {as NH3. methanol)
where
1 per cent = 104 ppm
m is the molecular weight in g/mol
my is the molecular volume
= 22,414 x 10" 3 m3/mol for ideal gases
-------
Ta is the reference temperature 273.15 K
p0 is the reference pressure 101,325 kPa
T is the temperature in K
p is the pressure in kPa
pm is the density of the measured gas (kg/m3) at 0 "C, 101,3 kPa
cone is the gas concentration
-------
Annex i
(informative)
Heat calculation (transfer tube)
E.1 Transfer tube heating example
The temperature loss in the transfer tube (TT) causes thermophoretic deposition. The amount of deposition can
be calculated using an equation given by Kittelson.
For the calculation of the heat flow in the transfer tube the following equation with the explained parameters can
be used. It is further assumed that the transfer tube has a constant cross section.
a = thermal accommodation coefficient
^ = wall area (surface) of the transfer tube
cg = gas velocity in the transfer tube (average)
cp = specific heat capacity (at const, pressure) (J/kg-K)
d = diameter of the transfer tube
I = length of the transfer tube
m' = mass flow (kg/s)
Nu = Nusselt number
p = gas pressure (kg m2/s)
Pr = Prandtl number
Q' ¦ heat loss of the gas flow (W)
Re = Reynolds number
rb = gas (bulk) temperature
Tw = wall temperature
v = viscosity (m2 *s"')
A = thermal conductivity of the gas (W/(m K)
conc.
conei
where
conct is the exit particulate concentration;
conc, is the inlet particulate concentration;
Te is the exit gas temperature;
r( is the inlet gas temperature.
89
-------
p = gas density (kg/no3)
0 = heat flow (W/m2) through the wall surface
Nu = {a x d)jk = 0,023 x Re0*8 x Pr° * {Dittus Boelter)
where
Re = (cg x
Pr = (v x p x Cp)/A.
Using these equations it is possible to calculate the thermal accommodation coefficient a.
Further, when considering the mass flow in the TT
m' — p x cB x d2 x pj4
The heat loss of the gas between TT input and TT output is:
Q' = m' x cp x (7"i - r9)
Because of the energy balance, the heat flow through the wall must be equal to the energy loss of the gas. This
means that
0 = Q'lA^
Using another definition of the Nusselt number it is possible to find the difference between the wall temperature
and the gas temperature,
yv« = (0 x 0,95
iyi*j > 0,872
Tj x (0,872)
E.2 Heat transfer calculation
Assume fully developed turbulent flow, smooth tube.
Exhaust temperature « 600 K«rb1 {bulk temperature inlet).
Minimum allowable sample exit temperature for 5 % thermophoretic deposition.
rb2 = 600 K{0,872) = 523,2 k
Average^- 600 + 523 ~561,5 K
/
At bulk average conditions {561,5 K).
p « density = 0,63 kg/m3
cp = 1 043 J/(kg K)
X - 0,044 5 W/(m K)
90
-------
_2
.2
Pr = 0,68
cg = 52 m/s
n = 4.4x 10"5m2/s
Additional information
Transfer tube diameter d = 0,012 73 m
Transfer tube length I = 1,524 m
Transfer tube wall area A„ = 0,060 9 m2
Transfer tube cross section area A «= 0,127 2 x 10" 3 m2
Mass flow through transfer tube
m' = d/n/dt - pxcaxAw = 0,63 x 52 x 0,000 127 2 = 0,004 167 kg/s
cfl x d
Re=-*—
52x0,012 73
4,4x10" 6
= 15 044,5
Nu m . 0.023 x Rem x Pr04
Ate = 0,023 x (15 044,5)°'® x (0,68)0'4
= 43,31
Heat loss through the wall based on:
(Tb2-Tbx)
Tb
Q' « (dm/dt)Cp x Tb
« 0,004 167 x (1 043) x (523 - 600) = - 334,65 W
Q' - (fi) x (AJ = - 334,65 W
T T _ Q X d
w b NuxX
„ T ( -5 495,17) x (0,123 73)
w b (43,31) x (0,044 5) ~ 36,29
= - 36,29 + 523,2 * 486,91 K
Therefore the walls of tube must be maintained at or above 487 K for this specific mass flow.
The following relationships between maximum exhaust temperature and minimum transfer tube wall temperature
are recommended. K
91
-------
Maximum exhai
K
is! temperature
•c
Minimum wal
K
temperature
°C
548
723
873
275
450
600
473
623
748
200
350
475
The wall temperature should be established prior to initiation of flow through the tube. It is recommended that a
maximum of 5 % thermophoretic deposition potential be achieved at any exhaust temperature. This requires an
exit (to dilution tunnel) exhaust sample stream temperature of no lower than 87 % of the exhaust temperature at
the sampling probe inlet.
92
-------
Annex F
(informative)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 1585:1992, Road vehicles — Engine test code — Net power.
[2] ISO 2288:1989, Agricultural tractors and machines — Engine test code (bench test) — Net power.
[3] ISO 2534:1974, Road vehicles — Engine test code — Gross power.
[4] ISO 2710:1978, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Vocabulary.
[5] ISO 3046-1:1995, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Performance — Part J; Standard reference
conditions, declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods,
[6] ISO 3173:1974, Road vehicles — Apparatus for measurement of the opacity of exhaust gas from diesel en-
gines operating under steady state conditions.
[7] ISO/TR 3313:1992, Measurement of pulsating fluid flow in a pipe by means of orifice plates, nozzles or
Venturi tubes.
[8] ISO 5168:1978, Measurement of fluid flow — Estimation of uncertainty of a flow-rate measurement.
[9] ISO 7066-1:1989, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices —
Part 1: Linear calibration relationships.
[10] ISO 7066-2:1988, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices —
Part 2: Non-linear calibration relationships.
[11] ISO 8178-3:1994, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 3:
Definitions and methods of measurement of exhaust gas smoke under steady-state conditions.
[12] ISO 8178-7:—2I, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 7:
Engine family determination.
[13] ISO 8178-8:—2!, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 8:
Engine group determination,
[14] ISO 8665:1994, Small craft — Marine propulsion engines and systems — Power measurements and decla-
rations.
[15] ISO 9096:1992, Stationary source emissions — Determination of concentration and mass flow rate of
particulate material in gas-carrying ducts — Manual gravimetric method
[16] ISO 9249:1989, Earth-moving machinery — Engine test code — Net power.
[17] ISO 10054:—», Internal combustion compression-ignition engines — Measurement apparatus for smoke
from engines operating under steady-state conditions — Filter-type smokemeter.
[18] ISO 11614:—31, Reciprocating internal combustion compression-ignition engines — Apparatus for measure-
ment of the opacity and for determination of the light absorption coefficient of exhaust gas.
2) To be published.
93
-------
[19] UN-ECE R24:1986, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of - diesel engines with regard to the
emission of visible pollutants - motor vehicles with regard to the installation of diesel engines of an approved
type - vehicles equipped with diesel engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants by the engine
- method of measuring the power of compression ignition engines.
[20] UN-ECE R49, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of diesel engines with regard to the emission of
gaseous pollutants.
[21] 88/77/EEC:1988, Council directive on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to the
measures to be taken from diesel engines to the use in vehicles.
[22] SAE J 177:1982. Recommended practice for measurement of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxides
of nitrogen in diesel exhaust.
[23] SAE J 244:1983, Measurement of intake air or exhaust gas flow of diesel engines.
[24] SAE J 1003:1990, Diesel engine emission measurement procedure.
[25] SAE J 1088:1983, Test procedure for the measurement of exhaust emissions from small utility engines.
[26] ICOMIA® standard No, 34-88:1988, Test procedure for the measurement of exhaust emissions from marine
engines.
[27] US Federal Register 86.345.79.
3! International Council of Marine Industry Associations,
94
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ICS 13.040.50; 27.020
Descriptors: internal combustion engines, reciprocating engines, exhaust gases, tests, measurement, exhaust emissions, steady state.
Price based on 94 pages
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APPENDIX R
ANNUBAR FLOW CALCULATIONS
Supplied by Dietrich Standard
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
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CALCULATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
This section describes the calculation methodology and parameter terminology employed
throughout the test program and the data reduction phase. Where possible industry standards
were used, when not possible, equations were developed using fundamental physical laws and
relationships. The information is presented by grouping related subjects under the following
headings:
• General Engine
• General Emissions
GENERAL ENGINE
The following sections provide descriptions of the terms used to describe the engine
performance, detail the derivation of the calculations used, and explain the methods by which the
primary analysis tools were developed.
Torque
During testing, % torque was used as the basis for specifying engine load rather than
horsepower. This is a result of the dependence of the horsepower calculation on engine
speed. Due to its fundamental relationship to the force being generated by the engine,
torque is a more direct, or primary, measurement of engine output. By utilizing torque,
we were able to specify constant torque settings at which to test the different engine
speeds required per the test matrix (i.e. 100% torque at 300, 270 rpm, etc.).
Engine torque was measured by means of a calibrated load cell. The energy generated
by the engine was absorbed by the water brake dynamometer in terms of torque. The
measured torque was then converted to engine horsepower.
Horsepower
Engine horsepower was determined by direct measurement of engine torque. The
calculation for converting torque to BHP is as follows:
BHP = (Torque x Rpm)/ 5252
Where:
BHP = Brake Horsepower
Torque- Foot Pounds force
RPM = Revolutions Per Minute
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Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
The BSFC is used to provide a measure of the general combustion efficiency of the
engine. It allows one to see the unit of fuel energy input per horsepower output.
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures
The exhaust temperatures were measured at the exhaust elbow immediately downstream
of each power cylinder.
GENERAL EMISSIONS
Raw Emissions Levels
The raw emissions levels are provided in parts per million (ppm) as measured in the
exhaust stream for NOx, CO, and THC. The 02 and CO2 levels are expressed in terms of
% exhaust flow. This is standard within most industries, and how the emissions levels
are output by the analyzers themselves.
Exhaust Flow
Three methods were used to calculate the exhaust flow: EPA 40 CFR part 60 method 19,
a carbon balance method, and flow calculations based on annubar flow measurements.
Method 19 utilizes the measured excess O2 in the exhaust stream, fuel flow, and the basic
stoichiometric chemical relationships of diesel combustion to calculate total exhaust
flow.
BSFC =
(Qh)x(LHV)
BMP
[btu/bhp-hr]
where:
LHV = Lower Heating Value of fuel gas [btu/scf]
Qh = Fuel Flow [scCTir]
Exhaust_ Flow = fimt x GCVf x Fd x (•
20.9
[scfm]
20.9 - %Ch
Where: Exhaust _ Flow = [scfm]
fikd = Fuel Flow [scfm]
Fd = fuel specific F-factor [scfi'mbtu]
Fd = IE6 x {(Kc x %C) + (Km x %H) +
{Kn x %Ni) - (Kc x %02>] + GCV
% X = concentration of constituent X from an ultimate fuel
analysis, weight percent
Kc = 1.53 [scf/lbm/%]
Khd =3.64 [scf71bm/%]
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Kn = 0.14 [scf/lbm/%]
Ko = 0.46 [scf/lbm/%]
GCVf = Gross Calorific Value of the fuel [btu/lbm]
GCVf = HHV * p f
HHV = Higher Heating Value of fuel [btu/scf]
p f = fuel density [lbm/scf]
%Oi - % 02 in exhaust stream
The carbon balance method is derived from conservation of mass and based on the
premise that all carbon compounds in the exhaust derive from the fuel and the addition of
normal atmospheric C02 The carbon balance calculations are presented in Appendix P
of this document.
Flow measurements were taken on the exhaust flow from the engine. A dedicated
Aimubar flow measurement device was used to measure the flow. Annubar flow
calculations are presented in Appendix R of this report.
Air Flow
Two methods were used to calculate the engine air flow: a carbon balance method, and
flow calculations based annubar flow measurements. The carbon balance method is
derived from conservation of mass and based on the premise that all carbon compounds
in the exhaust derive from the fuel and the addition of normal atmospheric C02 The
carbon balance calculations are presented in Appendix P of this document.
Flow measurements were taken on the exhaust flow from the engine. A dedicated
Annubar flow measurement device was used to measure the flow. Annubar flow
calculations are presented in Appendix R of this report.
Emissions Mass Flow
Emissions mass flow for NOx, CO, and THC are provided in two forms: on a mass per
time basis [lbm/hr], and a mass per unit load [gm/bhp-hr]. Like the 02 corrected NOx
concentration, the mass emissions presentation is to satisfy the variability in
environmental regulatory rules.
Mass Emissions [lbm/hr]
This presentation method provides a view of the total mass (in pounds-mass)
emissions being generated per hour of unit operation. It is independent of the
load at which the unit is operating.
„ „ „ 20.9 ^ GCVf
Em - Cd X Fd X X Qh X
(20.9 - %Oi) IE6
where: Em = pollutant emissions rate [lbm/hr]
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
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Cd =pollutant concentration [lbm/scf]
for CO, Cd = (ppmCO) x 7.268£ - 8
for NO*, Cd = (ppmNOx) x 1.194£ - 7
Brake Specific Emissions [g/bhp-hr]
This presentation method provides a view of the total mass (in grams) emissions
being generated per horsepower-hour. It can be thought of as an emissions
efficiency indicator. By definition, it takes the operating engine load into
account.
(Em x 453.6)
hfgm —
BHP
where: Em — pollutant emissions rate [g/bhp-hr]
\_lbm = 453,6_ grams
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
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APPENDIX S
ADDITIONAL CALCULATIONS
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CATERPILLAR EXHAUST SYSTEM
in
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BACK
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2 e 1* Ports, <90 V8.H
n
2 6 1* Ports, <90 V8.H
n
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Colorado State university
APPENDIX T
EXHAUST PIPING SCHEMATIC
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CATALYST EXHAUST FLOW (CATERPILLAR)
CATALYST
CARTRIDGES <4>
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Colorado State university
APPENDIX U
CATALYST SCHEMATIC AND INFORMATION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
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Catalyst Specifications
Engine Manufacturer
Caterpillar
Engine Model
3508 EUI
(basic 3508 engine with the addition of
electronic injection timing control)
Catalyst Supplier
Engelhard
Catalyst Supplier Contact
Mike Durilla (732)-205-6644
Kevin Hallstron (732)-205-6489
Type of catalyst
CO / odor control
Catalyst element size
12" x 16" x 3.5"
Number of elements
4
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
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APPENDIX V
DIESEL LOAD CELL CALIBRATION
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Diesel Load Cell Calibration
Interface Load Cell model #: 1210HQ-5K-B
Tested: 2-8-00
Introduction
In order to calculate accurate emissions data for the Caterpillar 3508, the fuel flow rate was
needed. This required the accurate measurement of the weight of fuel being delivered to the
engine at any given time. The weight of fuel was measured by suspending a 500 gal holding tank
from a load cell. Data was taken every two seconds, yielding the differential weight of fuel
burned. A calibration constant provided by the manufacturer was used to convert load cell output
to weight units. However, the load cell demonstrated a deviation from the expected linear
behavior. Consequently, a correlation factor was needed to correct fuel flow measurements. A
separate calibrated measuring device was used to determine the correlation factor for the diesel
load cell.
Procedure
Using a series 4860 Gasboy meter-register, (pre-calibrated for diesel to +- .05 gallons) diesel was
pumped into the indoor holding tank at a flow rate of approximately 11 gal/min (Gasboy rated for
4-15 gal/min). The test schematic is shown in Figure V.l. For every 200 lbs registered on the
load cell, the total gallons passed through the Gasboy was recorded, up to the capacity of 5000
lbs. The total weight of the indoor holding tank ranged between 2000 and 5000 lbs during engine
testing.
Results
Figure V.2 presents the Gasboy diesel fuel volume readings and load cell weight readings that
were recorded as the indoor holding tank was filled. Using the volume indicated by the Gasboy
and the density of diesel fuel (7.08 lbs/gal) the actual weight pumped into the indoor holding
tank, or the differential weight, is evaluated. The ratio of the actual differential weight (evaluated
from Gasboy) to the measured differential weight (from load cell) versus the measured total
weight is plotted in Figure V.3. The ratio of actual differential weight to measured differential
weight serves as a correlation factor for correcting measure data. As seen in the Figure V.3 the
load cell exhibits non-linear behavior as the total load cell weight is varied. The results presented
in Appendix A utilize this calibration curve to correct the raw data presented in Appendix D.
Emissions Testing
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Outdoor Holding Tank
(750qqI.>
Load Cell
50QOLbs Caplclty
Model# 1210HQ-5K-
Suspended
Indoor Holding
Gas Boy
Tank <500gal.) Metei—Register
Series 4860
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Colorado State university
6000
1 4000
£ 3000
« 2000
1000
200
400
0
100
300
500
600
Volumetric Flow Into Tank (gallons)
Figure V.2 Load cell weight flow readings vs. volume of diesel fuel.
1.8 •
1.7
I, 1.6
1,,
!»
i1-3
3 1.2
0.9
j
/
M'
0.8
1500
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Load Cell Weight (lb)
4500
5000
Figure V.3 Load cell correlation factor vs. total load cell weight.
Emissions Testing
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By the U.S. EPA.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
Please read instructions on the reverse before completing
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-454/R-00-03 Sa
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Final Report - Testing of a 4-Stroke Diesel Cycle Oil-fired Reciprocating Internal Combustion
Engine to determine the Effectiveness of an Oxidation Catalyst System for Reduction of
5. REPORT DATE
September 2001
Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions
Volume 1 of II
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Michael D. Maret
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO,
Post Office Box 12077
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2077
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-D-01-003
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Hie United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE) to characterize
engine emissions and catalyst control efficiencies of hazardous air pollutants (H APs). This document describes the results of HAP and particulate
matter (PM) emissions testing conducted on a Catepillar 3508 BUI diesel cycle, oil-fired, 4-strokc engine. Early in 1998, several industry and EPA
representatives agreed that the Catepillar 3508 EUI engine at the Colorado State University's (CSU) Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL)
is adequately representative of existing and new diesel cycle engines. The group agreed that a matrix of test results torn testing conducted at the EECL
could be used to develop Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for RICE. The group further agreed that an oxidation catalyst
installed on the Catepillar 3 508 EUI could be used to determine the effectiveness of oxidation catalysts for these engines, and that the EPA could use the
results from testing at CSU as the basis for developing the MACT standard for diesel cycle oil-fired engines.
The testing was performed to measure pollutant concentrations in the exhaust gas both up and downstream of the oxidation catalyst. Englehard
Corporation manufactured the catalyst and CSU personnel installed it on the engione. Several sampling and analytical procedures were used to
measure H APs emissions before and after the oxidation catalyst. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS), owned and operated by CSU, was
used to measure formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, (o,m,p)-xylencs, styrene, hexaae, and 1,3-butadiene, were
measured using a direct-interface gas chromatcgraph with a mass spectrometer detector (CrCMS). Continuous emission monitors (CEMs), owned and
operated by CSU, were used to measure oxygen (Oj), carbon dioxide (COj), nitrogen oxides (NOJ, carbon monoxide (CO), total hydorcartons (THC),
methane (CH<), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). California Air Resources Board (CARB) Method 429 was used to determine polyeyclie
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including acenaphthene, acenaphihylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrens, bcnzo(b)tluoranthene,
benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(ghi)perylene, chrysene, dibeii2o(a,h)anthracerie, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno(l ,2,3-cd)pyretie,
2-mcthylnapthalene, ruipthalene, perylene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, In addition, PM was determined by Sierra Instruments, Inc. using a dilution
sampling system. Particle mass was determined gravimetrically. Fuel oil samples were collected and analyzed for trace metals.
This volume (Volume I) is comprised of 485 pages and consists of the report text, and Appendix A.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTIONS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COASTI Field/Group
Emission Measurements
Hazardous Air Pollutants
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19, SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO, OF PAGES
1,306
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
F:\U\FMcadows\TRD.Frin\WP 6.1
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